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Molina-Gonzalez I, Holloway RK, Jiwaji Z, Dando O, Kent SA, Emelianova K, Lloyd AF, Forbes LH, Mahmood A, Skripuletz T, Gudi V, Febery JA, Johnson JA, Fowler JH, Kuhlmann T, Williams A, Chandran S, Stangel M, Howden AJM, Hardingham GE, Miron VE. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3372. [PMID: 37291151 PMCID: PMC10250470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed regeneration of myelin around neuronal axons following central nervous system damage contributes to nerve dysfunction and clinical decline in various neurological conditions, for which there is an unmet therapeutic demand. Here, we show that interaction between glial cells - astrocytes and mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes - is a determinant of remyelination. Using in vivo/ ex vivo/ in vitro rodent models, unbiased RNA sequencing, functional manipulation, and human brain lesion analyses, we discover that astrocytes support the survival of regenerating oligodendrocytes, via downregulation of the Nrf2 pathway associated with increased astrocytic cholesterol biosynthesis pathway activation. Remyelination fails following sustained astrocytic Nrf2 activation in focally-lesioned male mice yet is restored by either cholesterol biosynthesis/efflux stimulation, or Nrf2 inhibition using the existing therapeutic Luteolin. We identify that astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates remyelination, and reveal a drug strategy for central nervous system regeneration centred on targeting this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah A Kent
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Wellcome Trust Translational Neuroscience PhD programme, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie Emelianova
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amy F Lloyd
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lindsey H Forbes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ayisha Mahmood
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - James A Febery
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Waisman Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jill H Fowler
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, D-48129, Germany
| | - Anna Williams
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5UU, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research at St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng ZY, Luo T. The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913883. [PMID: 35769384 PMCID: PMC9234462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, the effect of phytochemicals on signaling pathways involved in obesity were discussed on the basis of their chemical structure, suggesting molecular mechanisms for how phytochemicals may impact these signaling pathways. For example, compounds with an isothiocyanate group or an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group may interact with the TLR4 signaling pathway. Regarding Nrf2, we examine compounds possessing an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group which binds covalently with the cysteine thiols of Keap1. Additionally, phytochemical activation of PPARs, FTO and miRNAs were summarized. This information may be of value to better understand how specific phytochemicals interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Investigation of DHA-Induced Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells through the Combination of Metabolic Imaging and Molecular Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061072. [PMID: 35739970 PMCID: PMC9219962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress leads to the onset of vascular complications, which are major causes of disability and death in diabetic patients. Among these, diabetic retinopathy (DR) often arises from functional alterations of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) due to damaging oxidative stress reactions in lipids, proteins, and DNA. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the ω3-polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the regulation of redox homeostasis in the human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line (ARPE-19) under hyperglycemic-like conditions. The present results show that the treatment with DHA under high-glucose conditions activated erythroid 2-related factor Nrf2, which orchestrates the activation of cellular antioxidant pathways and ultimately inhibits apoptosis. This process was accompanied by a marked increase in the expression of NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plus Hydrogen) Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), which is correlated with a contextual modulation and intracellular re-organization of the NAD+/NADH redox balance. This investigation of the mechanisms underlying the impairment induced by high levels of glucose on redox homeostasis of the BRB and the subsequent recovery provided by DHA provides both a powerful indicator for the detection of RPE cell impairment as well as a potential metabolic therapeutic target for the early intervention in its treatment.
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Liang ZL, Chen F, Park S, Balasubramanian B, Liu WC. Impacts of Heat Stress on Rabbit Immune Function, Endocrine, Blood Biochemical Changes, Antioxidant Capacity and Production Performance, and the Potential Mitigation Strategies of Nutritional Intervention. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906084. [PMID: 35720853 PMCID: PMC9201964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has become a widespread concern in the world, which is one of the major environmental stressors and causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Heat stress leads to multiple damages to the health of rabbits, such as organ damage, oxidative stress, disordered endocrine regulation, suppressed immune function and reproductive disorders, ultimately, induces the decreased production performance and increased mortality. Nutritional approaches, including feeding strategies, adjusting feed formula, and supplementing vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, Chinese herbal medicines, and functional active substances to the feed, were reported to mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress in rabbits. Therefore, elucidating the damage of heat stress to rabbits; proper management and nutritional approaches should be considered to solve the heat stress issue in rabbits. This review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on rabbit's immune function, endocrine, blood biochemical changes, antioxidant capacity and production performance, and the potential mitigation strategies of nutritional intervention to alleviate heat stress in rabbits; which could contribute to develop nutritional strategies in relieving heat stress of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Liang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Lee WS, Ham W, Kim J. Roles of NAD(P)H:quinone Oxidoreductase 1 in Diverse Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121301. [PMID: 34947831 PMCID: PMC8703842 DOI: 10.3390/life11121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) is an antioxidant flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of highly reactive quinone metabolites by employing NAD(P)H as an electron donor. There are two NQO enzymes—NQO1 and NQO2—in mammalian systems. In particular, NQO1 exerts many biological activities, including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory effects, and interactions with tumor suppressors. Moreover, several recent studies have revealed the promising roles of NQO1 in protecting against cardiovascular damage and related diseases, such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the molecular regulation and biochemical properties of NQO1, and describe the potential beneficial roles of NQO1 in diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-S.L.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6299-1419 (W.-S.L.); +82-2-6299-1397 (J.K.)
| | - Woojin Ham
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence: (W.-S.L.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6299-1419 (W.-S.L.); +82-2-6299-1397 (J.K.)
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040985. [PMID: 33673390 PMCID: PMC7918790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition transition can be defined as shifts in food habits, and it is characterized by high-fat (chiefly saturated animal fat), hypercaloric and salty food consumption at the expense of dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. Western dietary patterns serve as a model for studying the impact of nutrition transition on civilization diseases, such as obesity, which is commonly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction can be associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation in obesity. NF-κB regulates gene expression of several oxidant-responsive adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and in modulation of metabolic inflammation, can be downregulated by IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent TNF-α activation. On the other hand, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is highly encouraged because of its healthy dietary pattern, which includes antioxidant nutraceuticals such as polyphenols. Indeed, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, quercetin, resveratrol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, exert anti-obesity proprieties. In this review, we highlight the impact of the most common polyphenols from Mediterranean foods on molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, we discuss the effects of these polyphenols on a number of signaling pathways. We note that Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) dietary polyphenols can de-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) and NF-κB-mediated oxidative stress, and metabolic inflammation. MedDiet polyphenols are also effective in upregulating downstream effectors of several proteins, chiefly AMPK.
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DhHP-6 ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus through the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway. Biochem J 2020; 477:2363-2381. [PMID: 32510127 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one major features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Deuterohemin-βAla-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6), a novel microperoxidase mimetic designed and synthesized based on microperoxidase 11 (MP-11), can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. In our previous studies, we showed that oral DhHP-6 could reduce blood glucose and improve insulin resistance. To investigate the mechanisms of how DhHP-6 ameliorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance, we established T2DM mouse models and glucosamine-induced HepG2 cell insulin resistance models. The results suggested that DhHP-6 decreased blood glucose, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibited glycogen synthesis in T2DM mice. In addition, DhHP-6 improved insulin resistance by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in T2DM mice. Furthermore, DhHP-6 also activated PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway in glucosamine-induced HepG2 cells. However, LY294002 did not completely inhibit AKT phosphorylation, and partially inhibited AMPK phosphorylation, whilst compound C only partially reduced AMPK phosphorylation, and also partially inhibited AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT and AMPK interact to improve insulin resistance. Thus, these data suggest that DhHP-6 attenuates insulin resistance via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathway.
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Di Francesco A, Choi Y, Bernier M, Zhang Y, Diaz-Ruiz A, Aon MA, Kalafut K, Ehrlich MR, Murt K, Ali A, Pearson KJ, Levan S, Preston JD, Martin-Montalvo A, Martindale JL, Abdelmohsen K, Michel CR, Willmes DM, Henke C, Navas P, Villalba JM, Siegel D, Gorospe M, Fritz K, Biswal S, Ross D, de Cabo R. NQO1 protects obese mice through improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 33298924 PMCID: PMC7678866 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic nutrient excess leads to metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. Activation of stress-responsive pathways via Nrf2 activation contributes to energy metabolism regulation. Here, inducible activation of Nrf2 in mice and transgenesis of the Nrf2 target, NQO1, conferred protection from diet-induced metabolic defects through preservation of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid handling with improved physiological outcomes. NQO1-RNA interaction mediated the association with and inhibition of the translational machinery in skeletal muscle of NQO1 transgenic mice. NQO1-Tg mice on high-fat diet had lower adipose tissue macrophages and enhanced expression of lipogenic enzymes coincident with reduction in circulating and hepatic lipids. Metabolomics data revealed a systemic metabolic signature of improved glucose handling, cellular redox, and NAD+ metabolism while label-free quantitative mass spectrometry in skeletal muscle uncovered a distinct diet- and genotype-dependent acetylation pattern of SIRT3 targets across the core of intermediary metabolism. Thus, under nutritional excess, NQO1 transgenesis preserves healthful benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Institute IMDEA Food, Crta. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Krystle Kalafut
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Margaux R Ehrlich
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Kelsey Murt
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sophie Levan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Joshua D Preston
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine (MD/PhD program), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Molecular Diabetology, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz German Center for Diabetes Research Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Henke
- Molecular Diabetology, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz German Center for Diabetes Research Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kristofer Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David Ross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Chartoumpekis DV, Fu CY, Ziros PG, Sykiotis GP. Patent Review (2017-2020) of the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Using PatSeer Pro: Focus on Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111138. [PMID: 33212784 PMCID: PMC7697445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the antioxidant pathway comprising the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its cytoplasmic inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is ever increasing. As modulators of this pathway have started to be used in clinical trials and clinical practice, Nrf2 has become the subject of several patents. To assess the patent landscape of the last three years on Nrf2 and evaluate the main fields they refer to, we used the web-based tool PatSeer Pro to identify patents mentioning the Nrf2 pathway between January 2017 and May 2020. This search resulted in 509 unique patents that focus on topics such as autoimmune, neurodegenerative, liver, kidney, and lung diseases and refer to modulators (mainly activators) of the Nrf2 pathway as potential treatments. Autoimmunity emerged as the main theme among the topics of Nrf2 patents, including a broad range of diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, etc.; however, there was a dearth of experimental support for the respective patents' claims. Given that chronic inflammation is the main element of the pathophysiology of most autoimmune diseases, the majority of patents referring to activation of Nrf2 as a method to treat autoimmune diseases base their claims on the well-established anti-inflammatory role of Nrf2. In conclusion, there is strong interest in securing intellectual property rights relating to the potential use of Nrf2 pathway activators in a variety of diseases, and this trend parallels the rise in related research publications. However, in the case of autoimmunity, more research is warranted to support the potential beneficial effects of Nrf2 modulation in each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-0606
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Hermans MP, Lempereur P, Salembier JP, Maes N, Albert A, Jansen O, Pincemail J. Supplementation Effect of a Combination of Olive ( Olea europea L.) Leaf and Fruit Extracts in the Clinical Management of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090872. [PMID: 32942738 PMCID: PMC7554871 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of herbal products in the prevention of cardiovascular disease requires supporting evidence. This open pilot study assessed the effect of 2-month supplementation of a combination of olive leaf and fruit extracts (Tensiofytol®, Tilman SA, Baillonville, Belgium) in the clinical management of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 663 (pre)-hypertensive patients were enrolled by general practitioners and supplemented for two months with Tensiofytol®, two capsules per day (100 mg/d of oleuropein and 20 mg/d of hydroxytyrosol). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) were measured before and after treatment. Markers of MetS, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FG) and waist circumference (WC), were also examined. RESULTS Significant reductions (p < 0.0001) in SBP/DBP (13 ± 10/7.1 ± 6.6 mmHg) were observed and similarly in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. Improvements in SBP/DPB were independent of age and gender but greater for elevated baseline SBP/DBP. Tensiofytol® supplementation also significantly improved markers of MetS, with a decrease of TG (11%), WC (1.4%) and FG (4.8%) and an increase of HDL-C (5.3%). Minor side effects were reported in 3.2% patients. CONCLUSIONS This real-life, observational, non-controlled, non-randomized pilot study shows that supplementation of a combination of olive leaf and fruit extracts may be used efficiently and safely in reducing hypertension and MetS markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P. Hermans
- Service d’Endocrinologie et de Nutrition and Pôle Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition (EDIN), Institut de Recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lempereur
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Bois de l’Abbaye, 4100 Seraing, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Paul Salembier
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU UCL Namur - site Sainte-Elisabeth, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information Department, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Adelin Albert
- Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information Department, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Olivia Jansen
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Platform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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12
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Lu Y, Ma S, Tang X, Li B, Ge Y, Zhang K, Yang S, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Ren H. Dietary Dityrosine Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Diminished Thyroid Hormone Function in Mouse Myocardia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9223-9234. [PMID: 32786853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized tyrosine products (OTP) have been detected in commercial foods with high protein content, such as meat and milk products. OTP intake induces tissue oxidative stress and affects the normal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). This study aims to investigate the effects of OTP and their main product, dityrosine (Dityr), on mouse myocardial function and myocardial energy metabolism. Mice received daily intragastric administration of either tyrosine (Tyr; 420 μg/kg body weight), Dityr (420 μg/kg body weight), or OTP (1909 μg/kg body weight) for 35 days. Additionally, H9c2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of Dityr for 72 h. We found that OTP and pure Dityr induced oxidative stress in growing mice and in H9c2 cells, resulting in a redox state imbalance, myocardial injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism disorder. Dityr interferes with T3 regulation of the myocardium via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway, leading to myocardial mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism disorders. Food-borne OTP, especially Dityr, can disrupt thyroid hormone function in mouse myocardia leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism disorder, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipin Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yueting Ge
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haoyi Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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13
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Paunkov A, Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Chondrogianni N, Kensler TW, Sykiotis GP. Impact of Antioxidant Natural Compounds on the Thyroid Gland and Implication of the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1828-1846. [PMID: 31267862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural compounds with potential antioxidant properties have been used in the form of food supplements or extracts with the intent to prevent or treat various diseases. Many of these compounds can activate the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Besides, some of them are known to impact the thyroid gland, often with potential side-effects, but in other instances, with potential utility in the treatment of thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVE In view of recent data regarding the multiple roles of Nrf2 in the thyroid, this review summarizes the current bibliography on natural compounds that can have an effect on thyroid gland physiology and pathophysiology, and it discusses the potential implication of the Nrf2 system in the respective mechanisms. METHODS & RESULTS Literature searches for articles from 1950 to 2018 were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords about phytochemicals, Nrf2 and thyroid. Natural substances were categorized into phenolic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, quinones, terpenoids, or under the general category of plant extracts. For individual compounds in each category, respective data were summarized, as derived from in vitro (cell lines), preclinical (animal models) and clinical studies. The main emerging themes were as follows: phenolic compounds often showed potential to affect the production of thyroid hormones; sulfur-containing compounds impacted the pathogenesis of goiter and the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells; while quinones and terpenoids modified Nrf2 signaling in thyroid cell lines. CONCLUSION Natural compounds that modify the activity of the Nrf2 pathway should be evaluated carefully, not only for their potential to be used as therapeutic agents for thyroid disorders, but also for their thyroidal safety when used for the prevention and treatment of non-thyroidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paunkov
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Patras University Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Du L, Wang L, Wang B, Wang J, Hao M, Chen YB, Li XZ, Li Y, Jiang YF, Li CC, Yang H, Gu XK, Yin XX, Lu Q. A novel compound AB38b attenuates oxidative stress and ECM protein accumulation in kidneys of diabetic mice through modulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:358-372. [PMID: 31645661 PMCID: PMC7470857 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition following reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction has a key role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), thus, antioxidant therapy is considered as a promising strategy for treating DN. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of AB38b, a novel synthetic α, β-unsaturated ketone compound, on the oxidative stress (OS) and ECM accumulation in type 2 diabetes mice, and tried to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effects in high glucose (HG, 30 mM)-treated mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Type 2 diabetes model was established in mice with high-fat diet feeding combined with streptozocin intraperitoneal administration. The diabetic mice were then treated with AB38b (10, 20, 40 mg· kg-1· d-1, ig) or a positive control drug resveratrol (40 mg· kg-1· d-1, ig) for 8 weeks. We showed that administration of AB38b or resveratrol prevented the increases in malondialdehyde level, lactate dehydrogenase release, and laminin and type IV collagen deposition in the diabetic kidney. Simultaneously, AB38b or resveratrol markedly lowered the level of Keap1, accompanied by evident activation of Nrf2 signaling in the diabetic kidney. The underlying mechanisms of antioxidant effect of AB38b were explored in HG-treated mouse GMCs. AB38b (2.5-10 μM) or resveratrol (10 μM) significantly alleviated OS and ECM accumulation in HG-treated GMCs. Furthermore, AB38b or resveratrol treatment effectively activated Nrf2 signaling by inhibiting Keap1 expression without affecting the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. Besides, AB38b treatment effectively suppressed the ubiquitination of Nrf2. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AB38b ameliorates experimental DN through antioxidation and modulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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15
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Alves R, Suehiro CL, Oliveira FGD, Frantz EDC, Medeiros RFD, Vieira RDP, Martins MDA, Lin CJ, Nobrega ACLD, Toledo-Arruda ACD. Aerobic exercise modulates cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in a mouse model of chronic fructose consumption. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:59-69. [PMID: 31647720 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the cardiac nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway in an experimental model of chronic fructose consumption. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Control, Fructose (20% fructose in drinking water), Exercise (treadmill exercise at moderate intensity), and Fructose + Exercise groups ( n = 10). After 12 wk, the energy intake and body weight in the groups were similar. Maximum exercise testing, resting energy expenditure, resting oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production increased in the exercise groups (Exercise and Fructose + Exercise vs. Control and Fructose groups, P < 0.05). Chronic fructose intake induced circulating hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia and increased white adipose tissue depots, with no changes in blood pressure. This metabolic environment increased circulating IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α expression, which were reduced by exercise ( P < 0.05). Cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2) were increased by fructose intake and exercise decreased this response ( P < 0.05). Exercise increased the cardiac expression of the NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio and phase II antioxidants in fructose-fed mice ( P < 0.05). NOX4, glutathione reductase, and catalase protein expression were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that exercise confers modulatory cardiac effects, improving antioxidant defenses through the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and decreasing oxidative stress, representing a potential nonpharmacological approach to protect against fructose-induced cardiometabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate the cardiac modulation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), the NRF2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway (KEAP), and the thioredoxin (TRX1) system through exercise in the presence of moderate fructose intake. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac antioxidant defenses in an experimental model of chronic fructose intake, which involves NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio modulation, enhancing the local phase II antioxidants hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1), and peroxiredoxin1B (PDRX1), and inhibiting cardiac NOX2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Liyoko Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Garcia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Campus Itaquera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Merry TL, MacRae C, Pham T, Hedges CP, Ristow M. Deficiency in ROS-sensing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 causes altered glucose and lipid homeostasis following exercise training. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C337-C345. [PMID: 31774701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by acute exercise may regulate exercise training-induced adaptations that improve metabolic health. One of the central transcription regulatory targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, or NFE2L2). Here, we investigated whether global deficiency of Nrf2 in mice would impact exercise training-induced changes in glucose and lipid homeostasis. We report that following 6 wk of treadmill exercise training, Nrf2-deficient mice have elevated fasting plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids and higher blood glucose levels following a meal despite having a similar fat mass to wild-type controls. This impaired glucose homeostasis appears to be related to reduced insulin sensitivity primarily in adipose and liver tissue, and although a clear mechanism was not evident, Nrf2-deficient mice had increased markers of hepatic oxidative stress and stress-related kinase activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) without overt inflammation alteration in WAT or modulation of hepatic and WAT fibroblast growth factor 21 gene expression. Our results suggest that Nrf2 facilitates exercise training-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis; however, further research is required to determine whether this occurs through direct regulation of exercise adaptations or via the maintenance of redox balance during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Translational Medicines, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin MacRae
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Toan Pham
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Translational Medicines, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Kerins MJ, Liu P, Tian W, Mannheim W, Zhang DD, Ooi A. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Reveals Autophagy Disruption as the Convergence Mechanism That Regulates the NRF2 Transcription Factor. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00037-19. [PMID: 31010806 PMCID: PMC6580702 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2) transcription factor regulates the expression of many genes that are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its deregulation has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. While several mechanisms by which NRF2 can be activated have gradually been identified over time, a more complete regulatory network of NRF2 is still lacking. Here we show through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen that a total of 273 genes, when knocked out, will lead to sustained NRF2 activation. Pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes (18 of the 273 genes) involved in autophagy. Molecular validation of a subset of the enriched genes identified 8 high-confidence genes that negatively regulate NRF2 activity irrespective of cell type: ATG12, ATG7, GOSR1, IFT172, NRXN2, RAB6A, VPS37A, and the well-known negative regulator of NRF2, KEAP1 Of these, ATG12, ATG7, KEAP1, and VPS37A are known to be involved in autophagic processes. Our results present a comprehensive list of NRF2 negative regulators and reveal an intimate link between autophagy and NRF2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William Mannheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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18
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Tu W, Wang H, Li S, Liu Q, Sha H. The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis 2019; 10:637-651. [PMID: 31165007 PMCID: PMC6538222 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and cells, with hence posing a potential adverse impact on the whole organism. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway, which regulates the transcription of many several antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The redox-sensitive signaling system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress, inflammatory, carcinogenic, and pro-apoptotic conditions, which allows us to consider it as a pharmacological target. Herein, we review and discuss the recent advancements in the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, and its role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, e.g. such as in exercise, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, liver and kidney system, etc. and such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes of Stroke, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Li
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sha
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Yagishita Y, Uruno A, Chartoumpekis DV, Kensler TW, Yamamoto M. Nrf2 represses the onset of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0355.R2. [PMID: 30625116 PMCID: PMC6602871 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) plays a critical role in oxidative stress responses. While activation of Nrf2 signaling is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects, Nrf2 function in inflammation-mediated autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, is not well established. To address the roles of Nrf2 in protection against autoreactive T-cell-induced type 1 diabetes, we used non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a polygenic model of human type 1 diabetes, to generate a genetic model that allowed us to assess the contribution of Nrf2 activation to preventing and/or treating type 1 diabetes. As Keap1 negatively regulates Nrf2, we used Keap1 gene knockdown driven by either hypomorphic or knockout alleles of Keap1,which enhances Nrf2 signaling to moderate and excess levels, respectively. We found that Nrf2 activation in NOD::Keap1FA/- mice inhibited T-cell infiltration within or near the islets, ameliorated impairment of insulin secretion, and prevented development of diabetes mellitus in the NOD mice. Notably, Nrf2 activation decreased both plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and IFN-γ-positive cell numbers in the pancreatic islets. These findings were also observed in mice with two hypomorphic Keap1 alleles (Keap1FA/FA). Both NOD::Keap1FA/- and NOD::Keap1FA/FA mice had decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus, demonstrating that the activation of Nrf2 signaling prevents the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in NOD mice. Thus, Nrf2 appears to be a potential target for preventing and treating type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University
Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University
Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University,
Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University
Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University,
Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
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20
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Luo JF, Shen XY, Lio CK, Dai Y, Cheng CS, Liu JX, Yao YD, Yu Y, Xie Y, Luo P, Yao XS, Liu ZQ, Zhou H. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Nardochinoid C Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 30233360 PMCID: PMC6131578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis have neuroprotection and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the specific mechanism of N. chinensis is not yet clear. Nardochinoid C (DC) is a new compound with new skeleton isolated from N. chinensis and this study for the first time explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of DC. The results showed that DC significantly reduced the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also obviously inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Besides, the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also remarkably inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. DC also suppressed inflammation indicators including COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, DC inhibited the macrophage M1 phenotype and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed that DC mainly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, increased the level of anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thus produced the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, which were abolished by Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibitor. These findings suggested that DC could be a new Nrf2 activator for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chon Kit Lio
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Song Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Chartoumpekis DV, Palliyaguru DL, Wakabayashi N, Fazzari M, Khoo NKH, Schopfer FJ, Sipula I, Yagishita Y, Michalopoulos GK, O'Doherty RM, Kensler TW. Nrf2 deletion from adipocytes, but not hepatocytes, potentiates systemic metabolic dysfunction after long-term high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E180-E195. [PMID: 29486138 PMCID: PMC6139497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a canonical regulator of cytoprotective gene expression, but evidence of its cross talk with other pathways, including metabolic ones, is ever increasing. Pharmacologic or systemic genetic activation of the Nrf2 pathway partially protects from obesity in mice and ameliorates fasting hyperglycemia in mice and humans. However, systemic Nrf2 deletion also protects from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. To further investigate the effect of the disruption of Nrf2 on obesity in a tissue-specific manner, we focused on adipocytes and hepatocytes with targeted deletion of Nrf2. To this end, mice with cell-specific deletion of Nrf2 in adipocytes (ANKO) or hepatocytes (HeNKO) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 mo and showed similar increases in body weight and body fat content. ANKO mice showed a partially deteriorated glucose tolerance, higher fasting glucose levels, and higher levels of cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids compared with their Control counterparts. The HeNKO mice, though, had lower insulin levels and trended toward improved insulin sensitivity without having any difference in liver triglyceride accumulation. This study compared for the first time two conditional Nrf2 knockout models in adipocytes and in hepatocytes during HFD-induced obesity. None of these models could completely recapitulate the unexpected protection against obesity observed in the whole body Nrf2 knockout mice, but this study points out the differential roles that Nrf2 may play, beyond cytoprotection, in different target tissues and rather suggests systemic activation of the Nrf2 pathway as an effective means of prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo , Italy
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoko Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Jaja-Chimedza A, Zhang L, Wolff K, Graf BL, Kuhn P, Moskal K, Carmouche R, Newman S, Salbaum JM, Raskin I. A dietary isothiocyanate-enriched moringa ( Moringa oleifera) seed extract improves glucose tolerance in a high-fat-diet mouse model and modulates the gut microbiome. J Funct Foods 2018; 47:376-385. [PMID: 30930963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (moringa) has been traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and in water purification. We previously showed that moringa seed extract (MSE), standardized to its primary bioactive isothiocyanate (MIC-1), modulated inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways in vitro. To understand the efficacy and mechanisms of action of MSE in vivo, we incorporated MSE into the diets of normal and obese C57Bl/6J male mice fed a standard low-fat diet or a very high-fat diet for 12 wk, respectively. MSE supplementation resulted in reduced body weight, decreased adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, reduced inflammatory gene expression, and increased antioxidant gene expression. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of fecal/cecal samples showed major modulation of the gut microbial community and a significantly reduced bacterial load, similar to an antibiotic response. This suggests that MSE improves metabolic health by its intracellular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and/or its antibiotic-like restructuring of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Human Microbiome, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Khea Wolff
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brittany L Graf
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard Carmouche
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Wible RS, Tran QT, Fathima S, Sutter CH, Kensler TW, Sutter TR. Pharmacogenomics of Chemically Distinct Classes of Keap1-Nrf2 Activators Identify Common and Unique Gene, Protein, and Pathway Responses In Vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:297-308. [PMID: 29367259 PMCID: PMC5832324 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like erythroid-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is the subject of several clinical trials evaluating the effects of Nrf2 activation on the prevention of cancer and diabetes and the treatment of chronic kidney disease and multiple sclerosis. 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) are representative members of two distinct series of Nrf2 chemical activators. Previous reports have described activator-specific effects on Nrf2-dependent gene regulation and physiologic outcomes. Here we used a robust chemical genomics approach to characterize expression profiles between D3T and CDDO-Im in livers from wild-type and Nrf2-null mice. At equally efficacious doses in wild-type mice, 406 genes show common RNA responses to both treatments. These genes enriched the Nrf2-regulated pathways of antioxidant defense and xenobiotic metabolism. In addition, 197 and 745 genes were regulated uniquely in response to either D3T or CDDO-Im, respectively. Functional analysis of the D3T-regulated set showed a significant enrichment of Nrf2-regulated enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This result was supported by Nrf2-dependent increases in lanosterol synthase and CYP51 protein expression. CDDO-Im had no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis regardless of the dose tested. However, unlike D3T, CDDO-Im resulted in Nrf2-dependent elevation of peroxisome proliferator α and Kruppel-like factor 13, as well as the coactivator peroxisome proliferator γ coactivator 1β, together indicating regulation of β-oxidation and lipid metabolic pathways. These findings provide novel insights into the pharmacodynamic action of these two activators of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling. Although both compounds modify Keap1 to affect canonical cytoprotective gene expression, additional unique sets of Nrf2-dependent genes were regulated by each agent with enrichment of selective metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Wible
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
| | - Quynh T Tran
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
| | - Samreen Fathima
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
| | - Carrie H Sutter
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Departments of Chemistry (R.S.W., T.R.S.) and Biological Sciences (C.H.S., T.R.S.,) and the W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research (R.S.W., S.F., T.R.S.), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (Q.T.T.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.W.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (T.W.K.)
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24
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Kim J, Shin SH, Kang JK, Kim JW. HX-1171 attenuates pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24260-24271. [PMID: 29849938 PMCID: PMC5966269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) acts specifically on pancreatic beta cells, inducing cell destruction and cell dysfunction, resulting in diabetes. Many studies have reported that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a main regulator of antioxidant expression, prevents and improves diabetes-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of the newly discovered Nrf2 activator, HX-1171, in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. HX-1171 enhanced insulin secretion by reducing STZ-induced cell apoptosis, and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes through Nrf2 activation in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, HX-1171 administration significantly lowered blood glucose levels and restored blood insulin levels. In the STZ-only injected mice, the pancreatic islets showed morphological changes and loss of function, whereas the HX-1171-treated group was similar to that of the control group. These results suggest that HX-1171 may be developed as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Cell Factory Research Center, Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Kadakol A, Malek V, Goru SK, Pandey A, Gaikwad AB. Telmisartan and esculetin combination ameliorates type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy by reversal of H3, H2A, and H2B histone modifications. Indian J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515275 PMCID: PMC5830845 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_710_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Although cardioprotective effects of telmisartan are well explored, its effects on epigenetic alterations associated with type 2 diabetic (T2D) cardiomyopathy remain unmapped. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential of esculetin and telmisartan combination to reverse histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in curbing T2D cardiomyopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2D was induced by high-fat diet feeding along with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, I.P) in male Wistar rats. T2D rats were treated with either telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day, P.O) or esculetin (50 mg/kg/day doses, P.O) or their combination for 2 weeks. Biochemical estimations, vascular reactivity, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of the treatment in T2D cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: Esculetin and telmisartan combination alleviated the pathological features of T2D cardiomyopathy including metabolic perturbations, morphometric alterations, altered vascular reactivity, increased Keap1 and fibronectin expression more effectively than their respective monotherapy. This is the first report showing that telmisartan attenuates increased level of histone PTMs such as H3K9me2, H3K9Ac, H2AK119Ub, and H2BK120Ub in heart of T2D rats. The combination regimen showed a more significant reduction in augmented histone PTMs associated with T2D cardiomyopathy than their independent treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that esculetin and telmisartan combination can be an advanced pharmacological approach to ameliorate T2D cardiomyopathy which could be partially attributed to its ability to reverse the epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almesh Kadakol
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vajir Malek
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Goru
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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26
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Non-canonical activation of NRF2: New insights and its relevance to disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:171-176. [PMID: 29082113 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge in the field regarding the non-canonical activation of the NRF2 pathway. Specifically, we address what role p62 plays in mediating this pathway, which pathologies have been linked to the p62-dependent activation of NRF2, as well as what therapeutic strategies could be used to treat diseases associated with the non-canonical pathway. RECENT FINDINGS It has recently been shown that autophagic dysfunction leads to the aggregation or autophagosomal accumulation of p62, which sequesters KEAP1, resulting in prolonged activation of NRF2. The ability of p62 to outcompete NRF2 for KEAP1 binding depends on its abundance, or post-translational modifications to its key domains. Furthermore, the relevance of the p62-dependent activation of NRF2 in disease has been demonstrated in human hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY These findings indicate that targeting p62, or the enzymes that modify it, could prove to be an advantageous strategy for treating diseases associated with autophagy dysregulation and prolonged activation of NRF2. Other therapeutic possibilities include restoring proper autophagic function, or directly inhibiting NRF2 or its targets, to restore redox and metabolic homeostasis. Future studies will help further clarify the mechanisms, regulation, and relevance of the non-canonical pathway in driving disease pathogenesis.
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27
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Kietzmann T. Metabolic zonation of the liver: The oxygen gradient revisited. Redox Biol 2017; 11:622-630. [PMID: 28126520 PMCID: PMC5257182 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has a multitude of functions which are necessary to maintain whole body homeostasis. This requires that various metabolic pathways can run in parallel in the most efficient manner and that futile cycles are kept to a minimum. To a large extent this is achieved due to a functional specialization of the liver parenchyma known as metabolic zonation which is often lost in liver diseases. Although this phenomenon is known for about 40 years, the underlying regulatory pathways are not yet fully elucidated. The physiologically occurring oxygen gradient was considered to be crucial for the appearance of zonation; however, a number of reports during the last decade indicating that β-catenin signaling, and the hedgehog (Hh) pathway contribute to metabolic zonation may have shifted this view. In the current review we connect these new observations with the concept that the oxygen gradient within the liver acinus is a regulator of zonation. This is underlined by a number of facts showing that the β-catenin and the Hh pathway can be modulated by the hypoxia signaling system and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Altogether, we provide a view by which the dynamic interplay between all these pathways can drive liver zonation and thus contribute to its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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28
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Yuan X, Huang H, Huang Y, Wang J, Yan J, Ding L, Zhang C, Zhang L. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 knockdown enhances glucose uptake and alters glucose metabolism in AML12 hepatocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:930-938. [PMID: 28440735 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217694435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor known to induce the expression of a variety of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Recently, increasing evidence has revealed roles for Nrf2 in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism; however, the exact functions of Nrf2 in hepatocyte biology are largely unclear. In the current study, the transient knockdown of Nrf2 via siRNA transfection enhanced the glucose uptake of fasting AML12 hepatocytes to 325.3 ± 11.1% ( P < 0.05) of that of untransfected control cells. The impacts of Nrf2 knockdown (NK) on the antioxidant system, inflammatory response, and glucose metabolism were then examined in AML12 cells under both high-glucose (33 mmol/L) and low-glucose (4.5 mmol/L) conditions. NK lowered the gene and protein expression of the anti-oxidases heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and increased p-eukaryotic initiation factor-2αS51, p-nuclear factor-κB p65S276, and its downstream proinflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, at the protein level. NK also altered the protein expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, glucose transporter type 4, insulin-like growth factor 1, forkhead box protein O1, p-AKTS473, and p-GSK3α/βY279/Y216, which are involved in glucose uptake, glycogenesis, and gluconeogenesis in AML12 cells. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the central role of Nrf2 in the regulation of glucose metabolism in AML12 hepatocytes, in addition to its classical roles in the regulation of redox signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress and proinflammatory responses, and support the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and other associated metabolic syndromes. Impact statement Increasing evidence supports the complexity of Nrf2 functions beyond the antioxidant and detoxification response. Previous in vivo studies employing either Nrf2-knockout or Nrf2-activated mice have achieved a similar endpoint: protection against an obese and insulin-resistant phenotype that includes impaired lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. These apparently paradoxical observations led us to evaluate the impact of Nrf2 in liver cells in the absence of any influence from the systemic environment, including changes in the secretion of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines by adipose tissues. In the present study, Nrf2 knockdown was sufficient to induce fundamental changes in the glucose metabolism of AML12 hepatocytes in addition to its classical cytoprotective functions. We also discuss similarities and differences between our in vitro study and previous in vivo studies, which may be helpful to dissect and better understand in vivo data that represents the culmination of both local and systemic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yuan
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huijing Huang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Zhang L, Dasuri K, Fernandez-Kim SO, Bruce-Keller AJ, Keller JN. Adipose-specific ablation of Nrf2 transiently delayed high-fat diet-induced obesity by altering glucose, lipid and energy metabolism of male mice. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:5309-5319. [PMID: 28078004 PMCID: PMC5209484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a well-known master controller of the cellular adaptive antioxidant and detoxification response. Recent studies demonstrated altered glucose, lipid and energy metabolism in mice with a global Nrf2 knockout. In the present study, we aim to determine the effects of an adipose-specific ablation of Nrf2 (ASAN) on diet-induced obesity (DIO) in male mice. The 6-week-old adipose-specific Nrf2 knockout (NK) and its Nrf2 control (NC) mice were fed with either control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. NK mice exhibited transiently delayed body weight (BW) growth from week 5 to week 11 of HFD feeding, higher daily physical activity levels and preferential use of fat over carbohydrates as a source of energy at week 8 of the CD-feeding period. After 14 weeks of feeding, NK mice showed comparable results with NC mice with respect to the overall BW and body fat content, but exhibited reduced blood glucose, reduced number but increased size of adipocytes, accompanied with elevated expression of many genes and proteins in the visceral fat related to glucose, lipid and energy metabolism (e.g. Fgf21, Pgc1a). These results indicated that NRF2 is an important mediator for glucose, lipid and energy metabolism in adipose tissue, and ASAN could have beneficial effect for prevention of DIO during the early development of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU System6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU System6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU System6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Annadora J Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU System6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU System6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Brachs S, Winkel AF, Polack J, Tang H, Brachs M, Margerie D, Brunner B, Jahn-Hofmann K, Ruetten H, Spranger J, Schmoll D. Chronic Activation of Hepatic Nrf2 Has No Major Effect on Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Adult Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166110. [PMID: 27814396 PMCID: PMC5096693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces cytoprotective genes, but has also been linked to the regulation of hepatic energy metabolism. In order to assess the pharmacological potential of hepatic Nrf2 activation in metabolic disease, Nrf2 was activated over 7 weeks in mice on Western diet using two different siRNAs against kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), the inhibitory protein of Nrf2. Whole genome expression analysis followed by pathway analysis demonstrated successful knock-down of Keap1 expression and induction of Nrf2-dependent genes involved in anti-oxidative stress defense and biotransformation, proving the activation of Nrf2 by the siRNAs against Keap1. Neither the expression of fatty acid- nor carbohydrate-handling proteins was regulated by Keap1 knock-down. Metabolic profiling of the animals did also not show effects on plasma and hepatic lipids, energy expenditure or glucose tolerance. The data indicate that hepatic Keap1/Nrf2 is not a major regulator of glucose or lipid metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika F. Winkel
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James Polack
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Margerie
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bodo Brunner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jahn-Hofmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Ruetten
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité –University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dieter Schmoll
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Keap1 hypomorphism protects against ischemic and obstructive kidney disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36185. [PMID: 27804998 PMCID: PMC5090361 DOI: 10.1038/srep36185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is a master regulator of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other cytoprotective mechanisms important in protection from kidney disease. For the first time in kidney disease, we describe the use of Keap1 hypomorphic mice, which possess Nrf2 hyperactivation. We exposed these mice and wild type controls to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The initial tubular injury at 24 hours post-IRI appeared to be unaffected, with the only observed difference being a decrease in inflammatory cytokine expression in the hypomorphs. However, we noted significant improvement in serum creatinine in the hypomorphs at 3 and 10 days after injury, and renal fibrosis was dramatically attenuated at the late timepoint. Assessment of Nrf2-regulated targets (GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1) revealed higher expression in the hypomorphs at baseline. While injury tended to suppress these genes in wild-type mice, the suppression was attenuated or reversed in Keap1 hypomorphs, suggesting that protection in these mice was mediated by increased Nrf2 transcriptional activity. To assess the generalizability of our findings, we subjected the hypomorphs to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and again found significant protection and increased expression of Nrf2 targets. Overall, these results support the conclusion that the Nrf2 pathway is protective in a variety of kidney diseases.
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Zoja C, Zanchi C, Benigni A. Key pathways in renal disease progression of experimental diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [PMID: 26209738 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Both diabetes and chronic kidney disease are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and diabetic patients with renal involvement are three times more likely to eventually die of cardiovascular disease than diabetic patients without signs of renal failure. In type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is a marker of renal dysfunction and a crucial predictor of cardiovascular disease. Inhibitors of angiotensin II synthesis/activity, while preventing micro- or macroalbuminuria, also reduced cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. However, the effectiveness of renin angiotensin system blocking agents depends on the time when treatment is started, and imperfect renoprotection may occur if therapy begins at an advanced disease phase. This raises the need to identify novel multidrug approaches that simultaneously inhibit additional pathways other than angiotensin II for those diabetic patients who remain at high risk of both poor renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies in animal models of diabetes have contributed to defining relevant cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DN that could represent possible targets for therapies. The pathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, involving a complex series of molecular processes. In this review, we report evidence obtained in experimental models of DN on some specific processes and pathways implicated in DN that may be crucial for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlamaria Zoja
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zanchi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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Long M, Rojo de la Vega M, Wen Q, Bharara M, Jiang T, Zhang R, Zhou S, Wong PK, Wondrak GT, Zheng H, Zhang DD. An Essential Role of NRF2 in Diabetic Wound Healing. Diabetes 2016; 65:780-93. [PMID: 26718502 PMCID: PMC4764153 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality and disability of diabetic nonhealing skin ulcers create an urgent need for the development of more efficacious strategies targeting diabetic wound healing. In the current study, using human clinical specimens, we show that perilesional skin tissues from patients with diabetes are under more severe oxidative stress and display higher activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated antioxidant response than perilesional skin tissues from normoglycemic patients. In a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model, Nrf2(-/-) mice have delayed wound closure rates compared with Nrf2(+/+) mice, which is, at least partially, due to greater oxidative DNA damage, low transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and high matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression, and increased apoptosis. More importantly, pharmacological activation of the NRF2 pathway significantly improves diabetic wound healing. In vitro experiments in human immortalized keratinocyte cells confirm that NRF2 contributes to wound healing by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing proliferation and migration, decreasing apoptosis, and increasing the expression of TGF-β1 and lowering MMP9 under high-glucose conditions. This study indicates an essential role for NRF2 in diabetic wound healing and the therapeutic benefits of activating NRF2 in this disease, laying the foundation for future clinical trials using NRF2 activators in treating diabetic skin ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Qing Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Manish Bharara
- Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pak K Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Slocum SL, Skoko JJ, Wakabayashi N, Aja S, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW, Chartoumpekis DV. Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activation leads to a repressed hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic program in mice on a high-fat diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 591:57-65. [PMID: 26701603 PMCID: PMC4747866 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, known to regulate the expression of a series of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes, has been studied in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes; diseases that are characterized by chronic oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence, however, that the transcription factor Nrf2 can crosstalk with pathways not directly related to cytoprotection. Our present work focuses on the effect of Nrf2 on hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, two metabolic processes which are dysregulated in the obese/diabetic state. To this end, a genetic mouse model of Nrf2 pathway activation was used (Keap1-hypo; both Keap1 alleles are hypomorphic) and was exposed to a 3-month high-fat diet along with the relevant control wild-type mice. The Keap1-hypo mice were partially protected from obesity, had lower fasting glucose and insulin levels and developed less liver steatosis compared to the wild-type. Key gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes were repressed in the Keap1-hypo livers with concomitant activated Ampk signaling. Primary Keap1-hypo hepatocyte cultures also show increased Ampk signaling and repressed glucose production. In conclusion, increased Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the liver is accompanied by repressed gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis that can, at least partially, explain the ameliorated diabetic phenotype in the Keap1-hypo mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Slocum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- The Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Ursini F, Maiorino M, Forman HJ. Redox homeostasis: The Golden Mean of healthy living. Redox Biol 2016; 8:205-15. [PMID: 26820564 PMCID: PMC4732014 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted. Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as components of maintenance of a normal physiological steady state. The first is that redox signaling requires sudden switching on of oxidant production and bypassing of antioxidant mechanisms rather than a continuous process that, like other signaling mechanisms, can be smoothly turned up or down. The second is the misperception that reactions in redox signaling involve “reactive oxygen species” rather than reaction of specific electrophiles with specific protein thiolates. The third is that hormesis provides protection against oxidants by increasing cellular defense or repair mechanisms rather than by specifically addressing the offset of redox homeostasis. Instead, we propose that both oxidant and antioxidant signaling are main features of redox homeostasis. As the redox shift is rapidly reversed by feedback reactions, homeostasis is maintained by continuous signaling for production and elimination of electrophiles and nucleophiles. Redox homeostasis, which is the maintenance of nucleophilic tone, accounts for a healthy physiological steady state. Electrophiles and nucleophiles are not intrinsically harmful or protective, and redox homeostasis is an essential feature of both the response to challenges and subsequent feedback. While the balance between oxidants and nucleophiles is preserved in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress provokes the establishment of a new radically altered redox steady state. The popular belief that scavenging free radicals by antioxidants has a beneficial effect is wishful thinking. We propose, instead, that continuous feedback preserves nucleophilic tone and that this is supported by redox active nutritional phytochemicals. These nonessential compounds, by activating Nrf2, mimic the effect of endogenously produced electrophiles (parahormesis). In summary, while hormesis, although globally protective, results in setting up of a new phenotype, parahormesis contributes to health by favoring maintenance of homeostasis. Redox homeostasis is the continuously challenged oxidative/nucleophilic balance. Rheostatic redox signaling enzymes maintain oxidative/nucleophilic homeostasis. Phytochemicals assist redox homeostasis through oxidative feedback (parahormesis). Adaptation and hormesis while protective establish a new phenotype and set point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the frontiers of cancer and non-cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:639-44. [PMID: 26551705 PMCID: PMC4613493 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism to their increased needs for energy and substrates for protein, lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. Nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway is usually activated in cancers and has been suggested to promote cancer cell survival mainly by inducing a large battery of cytoprotective genes. This mini review focuses on metabolic pathways, beyond cytoprotection, which can be directly or indirectly regulated by Nrf2 in cancer cells to affect their survival. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is enhanced by Nrf2 in cancers and aids their growth. PPP has also been found to be up-regulated in non-cancer tissues and other pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, have been found to be repressed after activation of the Nrf2 pathway. The importance of these Nrf2-regulated metabolic pathways in cancer compared with non-cancer state remains to be determined. Last but not least, the importance of context about Nrf2 and cancer is highlighted as the Nrf2 pathway may be activated in cancers but its pharmacological activators are useful in chemoprevention.
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Targeting metabolic disorders by natural products. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:57. [PMID: 26157708 PMCID: PMC4495701 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent metabolic disorders are diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome, which are developed when normal metabolic processes are disturbed. The most common pathophysiologies of the above disorders are oxidative stress, Nrf2 pathways, epigenetic, and change in miRNA expression. There is a challenge in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders due to severe adverse effects of some synthetic drugs, their high cost, lack of safety and poverty in some conditions, and insufficient accessibility for the general population in the world. With increasing interest in shifting from synthetic drugs to phytotherapy as an alternative treatment, there is still a gap in scientific evidences of plant-derived therapeutic benefits. One reason may be slow rate of translation of animal studies' findings into human clinical trials. Since metabolic disorders are multifactorial, it seems that poly-herbal medications, or drug-herbal combination are needed for their treatment. However, further researches to determine the most effective plant-derived metabolites, and their cellular mechanism in order to set priorities for well-designed animal and clinical trials, and also more studies with strong scientific evidences such as systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Deciphering the therapeutic mechanisms of Xiao-Ke-An in treatment of type 2 diabetes in mice by a Fangjiomics approach. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:699-707. [PMID: 25960133 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Xiao-Ke-An (XKA) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the effective ingredients and their targets as well as the mechanisms of XKA remain to be elucidated. In this study we investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of XKA in the treatment of T2D in mice using a Fangjiomics approach. METHODS KKAy mice feeding on a high-fat diet were used as models of T2D, and were orally treated with XKA (0.75 or 1.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) for 32 d. Microarray mRNA expression data were obtained from the livers of the mice. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by reverse rate analysis and ANOVA analysis. The compounds in XKA were identified by LC-MS analysis or collected from TCM databases. The relationships between the compounds and targets were established by combining the DEGs with information derived from mining literature or herb target databases. Relevant pathways were identified through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis using WebGestalt. RESULTS The compound-target-pathway network based on compounds identified by LC-MS analysis (NCA) included 20 constituent compounds, 46 targets and 36 T2D-related pathways, whereas the compound-target-pathway network based on compounds collected from databases (NCD) consisted of 40 compounds, 68 targets and 21 pathways. In the treatment of T2D, XKA might act mainly by improving carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as ameliorating insulin resistance, inflammation and diabetic vascular complications. CONCLUSION The network-based approach reveals complex therapeutic mechanisms of XKA in the treatment of T2D in mice that involve numerous compounds, targets, and signaling pathways.
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Martin KA, Mani MV, Mani A. New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:64-74. [PMID: 26001373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster ofassociated metabolic traits that collectively confer unsurpassed risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes compared to any single CVD risk factor. Truncal obesity plays an exceptionally critical role among all metabolic traits of the MetS. Consequently, the prevalence of the MetS has steadily increased with the growing epidemic of obesity. Pharmacotherapy has been available for obesity for more than one decade, but with little success in improving the metabolic profiles. The serotonergic drugs and inhibitors of pancreatic lipases were among the few drugs that were initially approved to treat obesity. At the present time, only the pancreatic lipase inhibitor orlistat is approved for long-term treatment of obesity. New classes of anti-diabetic drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, are currently being evaluated for their effects on obesity and metabolic traits. The genetic studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome have identified novel molecules acting on the hunger and satiety peptidergic signaling of the gut-hypothalamus axis or the melanocortin system of the brain and are promising targets for future drug development. The goal is to develop drugs that not only treat obesity, but also favorably impact its associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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40
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Angiogenesis in the placenta: the role of reactive oxygen species signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814543. [PMID: 25705690 PMCID: PMC4325211 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper placental development and function are central to the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A critical component of healthy placental function is the proper development of its vascular network. Poor vascularization of the placenta can lead to fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and in some cases fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which uterine stressors influence the development of the placental vasculature and contribute to placental dysfunction is of central importance to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. In this review we discuss how oxidative stress observed in maternal smoking, maternal obesity, and preeclampsia has been associated with aberrant angiogenesis and placental dysfunction resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also highlight that oxidative stress can influence the expression of a number of transcription factors important in mediating angiogenesis. Therefore, understanding how oxidative stress affects redox-sensitive transcription factors within the placenta may elucidate potential therapeutic targets for correcting abnormal placental angiogenesis and function.
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41
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Cazanave SC, Sanyal AJ. KEAP the balance between life and death. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 2:e968065. [PMID: 27308418 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.968065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis in association with oxidative stress represent key pathogenic factors involved in tumor development in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In our recent study, we established that cellular degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) through sequestrosome (SQSTM)1/p62-dependent autophagy activates c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK), upregulates expression of Bcl-2-interacting mediator (BIM) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis induced by saturated free fatty acids. These findings raise the possibility that dysregulation of KEAP1 may contribute to liver cell death and tumorigenesis during chronic inflammatory liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Cazanave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine ; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine ; Richmond, VA USA
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Alleman RJ, Katunga LA, Nelson MAM, Brown DA, Anderson EJ. The "Goldilocks Zone" from a redox perspective-Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:358. [PMID: 25278906 PMCID: PMC4166897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve” is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proximity of ROS to moieties most susceptible to damage, and the capacity of the endogenous cellular ROS scavenging mechanisms. Most importantly, the resilience of the tissue (the capacity to recover from damage) is a decisive factor, and this is reflected in the disparate response to ROS in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In myocytes, a high oxidative capacity invariably results in a significant ROS burden which in homeostasis, is rapidly neutralized by the robust antioxidant network. The up-regulation of key pathways in the antioxidant network is a central component of the hormetic response to ROS. Despite such adaptations, persistent oxidative stress over an extended time-frame (e.g., months to years) inevitably leads to cumulative damages, maladaptation and ultimately the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Indeed, persistent oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle has been repeatedly demonstrated to have causal roles in the etiology of heart disease and insulin resistance, respectively. Deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the divergence between adaptive and maladaptive responses to oxidative stress remains an active area of research for basic scientists and clinicians alike, as this would undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of major types of ROS in striated muscle and the divergent adaptations that occur in response to them. Emphasis is placed on highlighting newly uncovered areas of research on this topic, with particular focus on the mitochondria, and the diverging roles that ROS play in muscle health (e.g., exercise or preconditioning) and disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ischemia, metabolic syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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43
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Skoko JJ, Wakabayashi N, Noda K, Kimura S, Tobita K, Shigemura N, Tsujita T, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. Loss of Nrf2 in mice evokes a congenital intrahepatic shunt that alters hepatic oxygen and protein expression gradients and toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:112-9. [PMID: 24924401 PMCID: PMC4271119 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (Nfe2l2 nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2) regulates gene expression directly, controlling pharmacological and toxicological responses. These processes may also be influenced by the structure of the hepatic vasculature, which distributes blood flow through compartmentalized microenvironments to maintain organismal stability. Castings of the hepatic portal vasculature of albino C57BL/6J but not ICR Nrf2(-/-) mice revealed a congenital intrahepatic shunt that was present in two thirds of Nrf2-disrupted mice. This shunt directly connected the portal vein to the inferior vena cava and displayed characteristics of a patent ductus venosus. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Nrf2(-/-) mice with an intrahepatic shunt manifest changes to hepatic oxygen and protein expression gradients when compared with wild-type (WT) and non-shunted Nrf2(-/-) mice. Centrilobular hypoxia found in WT and Nrf2(-/-) mice without shunts was reduced in Nrf2(-/-) livers with a shunt. Hepatic protein expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), normally confined to the periportal zone, exhibited both periportal and centrilobular zonal expression in livers from Nrf2(-/-) mice with an intrahepatic shunt. Centrilobular expression of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2e1) was diminished in shunted Nrf2(-/-) livers compared with WT and Nrf2(-/-) livers without shunts. The intrahepatic shunt in Nrf2(-/-) mice was further found to diminish acetaminophen hepatoxicity compared with WT and Nrf2(-/-) non-shunted mice following a 6 h challenge with 250 mg/kg acetaminophen. The presence of an intrahepatic shunt influences several physiological and pathophysiological properties of Nrf2(-/-) mice through changes in blood flow, hepatic oxygenation, and protein expression that extent beyond loss of canonical transactivation of Nrf2 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Shoko Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Norihisa Shigemura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tadayuki Tsujita
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Liu Q, Wang S, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanisms: Role of oxidative stress and damage. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5:623-34. [PMID: 25422760 PMCID: PMC4234223 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy as an important threat to health occurs with or without coexistence of vascular diseases. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain incompletely clear. Although several pathological mechanisms responsible for diabetic cardiomyopathy have been proposed, oxidative stress is widely considered as one of the major causes for the pathogenesis of the disease. Hyperglycemia-, hyperlipidemia-, hypertension- and inflammation-induced oxidative stress are major risk factors for the development of microvascular pathogenesis in the diabetic myocardium, which results in abnormal gene expression, altered signal transduction and the activation of pathways leading to programmed myocardial cell deaths. In the present article, we aim to provide an extensive review of the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidants in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on our own works and literature information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China ; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA ; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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45
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Levonen AL, Hill BG, Kansanen E, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM. Redox regulation of antioxidants, autophagy, and the response to stress: implications for electrophile therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:196-207. [PMID: 24681256 PMCID: PMC4042208 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox networks in the cell integrate signaling pathways that control metabolism, energetics, cell survival, and death. The physiological second messengers that modulate these pathways include nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and electrophiles. Electrophiles are produced in the cell via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation and are also relatively abundant constituents of the diet. These compounds bind covalently to families of cysteine-containing, redox-sensing proteins that constitute the electrophile-responsive proteome, the subproteomes of which are found in localized intracellular domains. These include those proteins controlling responses to oxidative stress in the cytosol-notably the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and proteins in other compartments including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The signaling pathways through which electrophiles function have unique characteristics that could be exploited for novel therapeutic interventions; however, development of such therapeutic strategies has been challenging due to a lack of basic understanding of the mechanisms controlling this form of redox signaling. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the basic mechanisms of thiol-electrophile signaling and its potential impact on the translation of this important field of redox biology to the clinic. Emerging understanding of thiol-electrophile interactions and redox signaling suggests replacement of the oxidative stress hypothesis with a new redox biology paradigm, which provides an exciting and influential framework for guiding translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Li W, Wu W, Song H, Wang F, Li H, Chen L, Lai Y, Janicki JS, Ward KW, Meyer CJ, Wang XL, Tang D, Cui T. Targeting Nrf2 by dihydro-CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide enhances autophagic clearance and viability of β-cells in a setting of oxidative stress. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2115-24. [PMID: 24815692 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 appears to be a critical regulator of diabetes in rodents. However, the underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical relevance of the Nrf2 signaling in human diabetes remain to be fully understood. Herein, we report that islet expression of Nrf2 is upregulated at an earlier stage of diabetes in both human and mice. Activation of Nrf2 suppresses oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis while enhancing autophagic clearance in isolated rat islets. Additionally, oxidative stress per se activated autophagy in β-cells. Thus, these results reveal that Nrf2 drives a novel antioxidant independent autophagic clearance for β-cell protection in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haibo Song
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huanjie Li
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yimu Lai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Keith W Ward
- Department of Pharmacology, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Irving, TX 75063, USA
| | - Colin J Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Irving, TX 75063, USA
| | - Xing Li Wang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, De Filippo C, Cocca E, Gaita M, Della-Gatta A, Marano A, Mazzarella G, Bergamo P. c9,t11-Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates steatosis by modulating mitochondrial uncoupling and Nrf2 pathway. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:837-49. [PMID: 24634500 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathophysiological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixture of cis9,trans11 (9,11-CLA) and trans10,cis12 (10,12-CLA) isomers enhanced the antioxidant/detoxifying mechanism via the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and improved mitochondrial function, but less is known about the actions of specific isomers. The differential ability of individual CLA isomers to modulate these pathways was explored in Wistar rats fed for 4 weeks with a lard-based high-fat diet (L) or with control diet (CD), and, within each dietary treatment, two subgroups were daily administered with 9,11-CLA or 10,12-CLA (30 mg/day). The 9,11-CLA, but not 10,12-CLA, supplementation to CD rats improves the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, mitochondrial functions, and Nrf2 activity. Histological examination reveals a reduction of steatosis in L-fed rats supplemented with both CLA isomers, but 9,11-CLA downregulated plasma concentrations of proinflammatory markers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress markers in liver more efficiently than in 10,12-CLA treatment. The present study demonstrates the higher protective effect of 9,11-CLA against diet-induced pro-oxidant and proinflammatory signs and suggests that these effects are determined, at least in part, by its ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway and to improve the mitochondrial functioning and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
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Rupérez AI, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Genetics of oxidative stress in obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3118-44. [PMID: 24562334 PMCID: PMC3958901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue and peripheral organs. Its derived metabolic complications are mediated by the associated oxidative stress, inflammation and hypoxia. Oxidative stress is due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species or diminished antioxidant defenses. Genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant defense system genes, could alter the efficacy of these enzymes and, ultimately, the risk of obesity; thus, studies investigating the role of genetic variations in genes related to oxidative stress could be useful for better understanding the etiology of obesity and its metabolic complications. The lack of existing literature reviews in this field encouraged us to gather the findings from studies focusing on the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress-producing systems and transcription factor genes concerning their association with obesity risk and its phenotypes. In the future, the characterization of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obese patients could contribute to the development of controlled antioxidant therapies potentially beneficial for the treatment of obesity-derived metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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