1
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Chen H, Wang X, Cheng H, Deng Y, Chen J, Wang B. CircRNA circRREB1 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer by activating Erk1/2 signaling through interacting with GNB4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28785. [PMID: 38617926 PMCID: PMC11015410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Current investigations have illuminated the essential roles played by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in driving breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis. However, the functional implications and molecular underpinnings of most circRNAs in BC are not well characterized. Here, Circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles were analyzed in four surgically resected BC cases along with adjacent non-cancerous tissues applying RNA microarray analysis. The levels and prognostic implications of circRREB1 in BC were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Experimental manipulation of circRREB1 levels in both in vivo and in vitro settings further delineated its role in BC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. The mechanical verification of circRREB1's interaction with GNB4 was established through RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, Western blot analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation assays (RIP), fluorescence ISH (FISH), and rescue experiments. We found that circRREB1 exhibited significant upregulation in BC tissues and cells, implicating its association with an unfavorable prognosis in BC patients. CircRREB1 knockdown elicited anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic effects in BC cells, whereas its upregulation exerted opposing influences. Follow-up mechanistic examinations suggested that circRREB1 might interact with GNB4 directly, inducing the activation of Erk1/2 signaling and driving BC progression. Our findings collectively indicate that the interplay of circRREB1 with GNB4 promotes Erk1/2 signaling, thereby fostering BC progression, and positioning circRREB1 as a candidate therapeutic target for intervention in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yumei Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing 400054, China
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2
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Gardner J, Eiger DS, Hicks C, Choi I, Pham U, Chundi A, Namjoshi O, Rajagopal S. GPCR kinases differentially modulate biased signaling downstream of CXCR3 depending on their subcellular localization. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadd9139. [PMID: 38349966 PMCID: PMC10927030 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) demonstrate biased signaling such that ligands of the same receptor exclusively or preferentially activate certain downstream signaling pathways over others. This phenomenon may result from ligand-specific receptor phosphorylation by GPCR kinases (GRKs). GPCR signaling can also exhibit location bias because GPCRs traffic to and signal from subcellular compartments in addition to the plasma membrane. Here, we investigated whether GRKs contributed to location bias in GPCR signaling. GRKs translocated to endosomes after stimulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 or other GPCRs in cultured cells. GRK2, GRK3, GRK5, and GRK6 showed distinct patterns of recruitment to the plasma membrane and to endosomes depending on the identity of the biased ligand used to activate CXCR3. Analysis of engineered forms of GRKs that localized to either the plasma membrane or endosomes demonstrated that biased CXCR3 ligands elicited different signaling profiles that depended on the subcellular location of the GRK. Each GRK exerted a distinct effect on the regulation of CXCR3 engagement of β-arrestin, internalization, and activation of the downstream effector kinase ERK. Our work highlights a role for GRKs in location-biased GPCR signaling and demonstrates the complex interactions between ligands, GRKs, and cellular location that contribute to biased signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gardner
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Chloe Hicks
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anand Chundi
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ojas Namjoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Present address: Engine Biosciences, 733 Industrial Rd., San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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3
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Addis P, Bali U, Baron F, Campbell A, Harborne S, Jagger L, Milne G, Pearce M, Rosethorne EM, Satchell R, Swift D, Young B, Unitt JF. Key aspects of modern GPCR drug discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:1-22. [PMID: 37625784 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most versatile cell surface receptor family with a broad repertoire of ligands and functions. We've learned an enormous amount about discovering drugs of this receptor class since the first GPCR was cloned and expressed in 1986, such that it's now well-recognized that GPCRs are the most successful target class for approved drugs. Here we take the reader through a GPCR drug discovery journey from target to the clinic, highlighting the key learnings, best practices, challenges, trends and insights on discovering drugs that ultimately modulate GPCR function therapeutically in patients. The future of GPCR drug discovery is inspiring, with more desirable drug mechanisms and new technologies enabling the delivery of better and more successful drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Addis
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Utsav Bali
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Frank Baron
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Adrian Campbell
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Steven Harborne
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Liz Jagger
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Gavin Milne
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Martin Pearce
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Rupert Satchell
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Denise Swift
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Barbara Young
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - John F Unitt
- Bioscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Protein Science Departments, Sygnature Discovery Ltd, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK.
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4
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Zheng C, Javitch JA, Lambert NA, Donthamsetti P, Gurevich VV. In-Cell Arrestin-Receptor Interaction Assays. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e890. [PMID: 37787634 PMCID: PMC10566372 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent ∼30% of current drug targets. Ligand binding to these receptors activates G proteins and arrestins, which function in different signaling pathways. Given that functionally selective or biased ligands preferentially activate one of these two groups of pathways, they may be superior medications for certain disease states. The identification of such ligands requires robust drug screening assays for both G protein and arrestin activity. This unit describes protocols for assays that monitor reversible arrestin recruitment to GPCRs in living cells using either bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) or nanoluciferase complementation (NanoLuc). Two types of assays can be used: one configuration directly measures arrestin recruitment to a GPCR fused to a protein tag at its intracellular C-terminus, whereas the other configuration detects arrestin translocation to the plasma membrane in response to activation of an unmodified GPCR. Together, these assays are powerful tools for studying dynamic interactions between GPCRs and arrestins. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Receptor-arrestin BRET assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to receptors Basic Protocol 2: Receptor-arrestin NANOBIT assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to receptors Alternative Protocol 1: BRET assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to the plasma membrane Alternative Protocol 2: NANOBIT assay to measure ligand-induced recruitment of arrestin to the plasma membrane Support Protocol 1: Optimization of polyethylenimine (PEI) concentration for transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Nevin A. Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Asano S, Ono A, Sakamoto K, Hayata-Takano A, Nakazawa T, Tanimoto K, Hashimoto H, Ago Y. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 signaling promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by enhancing the ERK pathway. Peptides 2023; 161:170940. [PMID: 36603770 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor 2 (VIPR2) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor with the neuropeptide VIP as a ligand. Increased VIPR2 mRNA expression and/or VIPR2 gene copy number has been documented in several cancers including breast carcinoma. However, the pathophysiological role of increased VIPR2 in the proliferation of breast cancer cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that VIPR2 overexpression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, human breast cancer cell lines, promoted cell proliferation. Increased VIPR2 also exacerbated intraperitoneal proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in a tumor nude mouse model in vivo. Treatment with KS-133, a VIPR2-selective antagonist peptide, significantly inhibited VIP-induced cell proliferation in VIPR2-overexpressing MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Overexpressed VIPR2 caused increases in the levels of cAMP and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which involves a VIPR2 signaling pathway through Gs protein. Additionally, phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ser157) and cAMP response element binding protein (Ser133) in VIPR2-overexpressing MCF-7 cells was greater than that in control cells, suggesting the increased PKA activity. Moreover, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, U0126, attenuated tumor proliferation in exogenous VIPR2-expressing MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at the same level as observed in EGFP-expressing cells treated with U0126. Together, these findings suggest that VIPR2 controls breast tumor growth by regulating the cAMP/PKA/ERK signaling pathway, and the excessive expression of VIPR2 may lead to an exacerbation of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Ami Ono
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sakamoto
- Research & Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Company Limited, 318-1 Asagi, Motosu, 501-0475 Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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6
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Shen W, Wang X, Xiang H, Shichi S, Nakamoto H, Kimura S, Sugiyama K, Taketomi A, Kitamura H. IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8 + T cells in vivo. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1816-1829. [PMID: 36715504 PMCID: PMC10154869 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment is a crucial event for cancer immunotherapy. Neurokinin receptor 2 (NK2R), a G protein-coupled receptor for neurokinin A (NKA), regulates diverse physiological functions. However, the precise role of NKA-NK2R signaling in antitumor immunity is unclear. Here, we found that an IFN-γ-STAT1 cascade augmented NK2R expression in CD8+ T cells, and NK2R-mediated NKA signaling was involved in inducing antitumor effector T cells in vivo. The administration of a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), into a liver cancer mouse model induced type I and type II IFNs and significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of Hepa1-6 liver cancer cells in a STAT1-dependent manner. The reduction in tumor growth was diminished by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. IFN-γ stimulation significantly induced NK2R and tachykinin precursor 1 (encodes NKA) gene expression in CD8+ T cells. NKA stimulation combined with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly augmented IFN-γ and granzyme B production by CD8+ T cells compared with the anti-CD3 mAb alone in vitro. ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in activated CD8+ T cells were suppressed under NK2R deficiency. Finally, we confirmed that tumor growth was significantly increased in NK2R-deficient mice compared with that in wild-type mice, and the antitumor effects of poly I:C were abolished by NK2R absence. These findings suggest that IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to the suppression of cancer cell tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, we revealed that IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to suppressing the tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shen
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Huihui Xiang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shichi
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamoto
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Kimura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ko Sugiyama
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Jin H, Yang B, Jiang D, Ding Z, Xiong Y, Zeng X. Inhibitory effect of anti-Scg3 on corneal neovascularization: a preliminary study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:455. [PMID: 36443679 PMCID: PMC9703748 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is an important disease that causes blindness. Secretogranin III (Scg3) has emerged as a new influencing factor of neovascularization. This study analyzed the Scg3 antibody's inhibitory effect on CNV and and explored its preliminary mechanism. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Scg3 and anti-Scg3. Cell proliferation, wound healing migration and tube formation assays were performed. Healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly selected to be alkali burned and establish the corneal neovascularization (CNV) model. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (the high concentration group, low concentration group and control group). Different doses of anti-Scg3 and PBS were administered to the rabbits. Clinical examinations, immunostaining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting analyses were performed postoperatively. RESULTS In the in vitro study, the Scg3 antibody mixture inhibited Scg3-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In the in vivo study, significant CNV was observed in the control group. Confocal microscopy also revealed considerable active neovascularization in the control group. There was no obvious CNV growth in the high concentration group. Additionally, CD31, LYVE1 and CD45 expression was significantly inhibited after treatment with a high concentration of Scg3 antibody. The qPCR and western blotting analyses revealed that the levels of ERK in the low concentration group and high concentration group were higher than those in the control group at 7 days and 14 days. The levels of VEGF in the control group were significantly increased compared with those in the high concentration group. In all three groups, the levels of Akt were not significantly different at any time point. CONCLUSION The expression of Scg3 could affect the growth of HUVECs in vitro. Treatment with a high concentration (0.5 µg/mL) of Scg3 antibody reduced the inflammatory response and inhibited the growth of corneal neovascularization after corneal alkali burn injury in rabbits. The MEK/ERK pathway might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of anti-Scg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jin
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Zhixiang Ding
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
| | - Xinsheng Zeng
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, China
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8
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Asghar J, Latif L, Alexander SPH, Kendall DA. Development of a novel cell-based, In-Cell Western/ERK assay system for the high-throughput screening of agonists acting on the delta-opioid receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933356. [PMID: 36225576 PMCID: PMC9549385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are important signaling mediators in mammalian cells and, as a result, one of the major areas of research focus. The detection and quantification of ERK phosphorylation as an index of activation is normally conducted using immunoblotting, which does not allow high-throughput drug screening. Plate-based immunocytochemical assays provide a cheaper and relatively high-throughput alternative method for quantifying ERK phosphorylation. Here, we present optimization steps aimed to increase assay sensitivity and reduce variance and cost using the LI-COR In-Cell Western (I-CW) system in a recombinant CHO-K1 cell line, over-expressing the human delta-opioid receptor (hDOPr) as a model.Methods: Cells cultured in 96-well microassay plates were stimulated with three standard/selective DOPr agonists (SNC80, ADL5859, and DADLE) and a novel selective DOPr agonist (PN6047) to elicit a phospho-ERK response as an index of activation. A number of experimental conditions were investigated during the assay development.Key results: Preliminary experiments revealed a clearly visible edge-effect which significantly increased assay variance across the plate and which was reduced by pre-incubation for 30 min at room temperature. ERK phosphorylation was detectable as early as 1 min after agonist addition, with a distinct peak at 3–5 min. Optimization of the cell seeding densities showed that 25,000 cells per well have the lowest basal phospho-ERK response and an optimal agonist ERK1/2 signal. Pre-incubation with apyrase (an ATPase) did not reduce the basal or agonist responses. All agonists produced concentration-dependent increases in phospho-ERK activation, and pertussis toxin was able to attenuate these ERK responses. Naltrindole, which is a selective DOPr antagonist, was able to antagonize the DOPr-mediated ERK activation of the ligands.Conclusion: We have developed an optimization protocol and highlighted a number of considerations when performing this high-throughput fluorescence immunocytochemical (ICC) assay measuring ERK phosphorylation in the human DOPr. The optimized protocol was found to be a more conducive option for the screening of delta agonists. This provides a basis for additional assay development to investigate opioid pharmacology. This protocol should be widely applicable for measuring ERK phosphorylation in any cell line and investigating other protein targets in GPCR drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Junaid Asghar,
| | - Liaque Latif
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. H. Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Kendall
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Jeong YS, Huh S, Kim JC, Park JY, Lee C, Kim MS, Koo J, Bae YS. 2-Undecanone derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates the neutrophil activity. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35651330 PMCID: PMC9442345 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.8.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a well-known Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen. Neutrophils play key roles in mediating host defense against P. aeruginosa infection. In this study, we identified a metabolite derived from P. aeruginosa that regulates neutrophil activities. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a markedly increased level of 2-undecanone was identified in the peritoneal fluid of P. aeruginosa-infected mice. 2-Undecanone elicited the activation of neutrophils in a Gai-phospholipase C pathway. However, 2-undecanone strongly inhibited responses to lipopolysaccharide and bactericidal activity of neutrophils against P. aeruginosa by inducing apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that 2-undecanone from P. aeruginosa limits the innate defense activity of neutrophils, suggesting that the production of inhibitory metabolites is a strategy of P. aeruginosa for escaping the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Huh
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - ChaeEun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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10
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Abdul Hamid Z, Mohamad Anuar NN, Jalil J, Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB. The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158582. [PMID: 35955714 PMCID: PMC9369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways. In fact, persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions contribute to preserved PKC activation mediated by excessive production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oxidative stress. PKC-MAPK pathways are involved in several cellular responses, including enhancing oxidative stress and activating signalling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cardiac and vascular remodelling and their subsequent dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent discovery on the role of PKC-MAPK pathways, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications, and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular management in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
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11
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Deo N, Redpath G. Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Endocytosis Is an Important Factor in the Cellular Basis of Depression and Anxiety. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:804592. [PMID: 35280519 PMCID: PMC8912961 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common, debilitating psychiatric conditions affecting millions of people throughout the world. Current treatments revolve around selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), yet these drugs are only moderately effective at relieving depression. Moreover, up to 30% of sufferers are SSRI non-responders. Endocytosis, the process by which plasma membrane and extracellular constituents are internalized into the cell, plays a central role in the regulation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT) signaling, SSRI function and depression and anxiety pathogenesis. Despite their therapeutic potential, surprisingly little is known about the endocytosis of the serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors) or the serotonin transporter (SERT). A subset of 5-HT receptors are endocytosed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following serotonin binding, while for the majority of 5-HT receptors the endocytic regulation is not known. SERT internalizes serotonin from the extracellular space into the cell to limit the availability of serotonin for receptor binding and signaling. Endocytosis of SERT reduces serotonin uptake, facilitating serotonin signaling. SSRIs predominantly inhibit SERT, preventing serotonin uptake to enhance 5-HT receptor signaling, while hallucinogenic compounds directly activate specific 5-HT receptors, altering their interaction with endocytic adaptor proteins to induce alternate signaling outcomes. Further, multiple polymorphisms and transcriptional/proteomic alterations have been linked to depression, anxiety, and SSRI non-response. In this review, we detail the endocytic regulation of 5-HT receptors and SERT and outline how SSRIs and hallucinogenic compounds modulate serotonin signaling through endocytosis. Finally, we will examine the deregulated proteomes in depression and anxiety and link these with 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis. Ultimately, in attempting to integrate the current studies on the cellular biology of depression and anxiety, we propose that endocytosis is an important factor in the cellular basis of depression and anxiety. We will highlight how a thorough understanding 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis is integral to understanding the biological basis of depression and anxiety, and to facilitate the development of a next generation of specific, efficacious antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Deo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory Redpath
- European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gregory Redpath
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12
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Hall S, Ward ND, Patel R, Amin-Javaheri A, Lanford H, Grespin RT, Couch C, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Ruddy JM. Mechanical activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:194-206. [PMID: 34761239 PMCID: PMC8567200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can be activated under conditions of mechanical stretch in some cellular systems. Whether this activity influences signaling within the abdominal aorta to promote to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development remains unknown. We evaluated the hypothesis that mechanical AT1R activation can occur under conditions of hypertension (HTN) and contribute to AAA formation. Methods BPH/2 mice, which demonstrate spontaneous neurogenic, low-renin HTN, and normotensive BPN/3 mice underwent AAA induction via the calcium chloride model, with or without an osmotic minipump delivering 30 mg/kg/d of the AT1R blocker Losartan. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at baseline and weekly via a tail cuff. The aortic diameter (AoD) was measured at baseline and terminal surgery at 21 days by digital microscopy. Aortic tissue was harvested for immunoblotting (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 [pERK1/2] to ERK1/2 ratio) and expressed as the fold-change from the BPN/3 control mice. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) underwent stretch with or without Losartan (1 μM) treatment to assess the mechanical stimulation of ERK1/2 activity. Statistical analysis of the blood pressure, AoD, and VSMC ERK1/2 activity was performed using analysis of variance. However, the data distribution was determined to be log-normal (Shapiro-Wilk test) for ERK1/2 activity. Therefore, it was logarithmically transformed before analysis of variance. Results At baseline, the SBP was elevated in the BPH/2 mice relative to the BPN/3 mice (P < .05). Losartan treatment significantly reduced the SBP in both mouse strains (P < .05). AAA induction did not affect the SBP. At 21 days after induction, the percentage of increase in the AoD from baseline was significantly greater in the BPH/2 mice than in the BPN/3 mice (101.28% ± 4.19% vs 75.59% ± 1.67% above baseline; P < .05). Losartan treatment significantly attenuated AAA growth in both BPH/2 and BPN/3 mice (33.88% ± 2.97% and 43.96% ± 3.05% above baseline, respectively; P < .05). ERK1/2 activity was increased approximately fivefold in the BPH/2 control mice relative to the BPN/3 control mice (P < .05). In the BPH/2 and BPN/3 mice with AAA, ERK1/2 activity was significantly increased relative to the respective baseline control (P < .05) and effectively reduced by concomitant Losartan therapy (P < .05). Biaxial stretch of the VSMCs in the absence of angiotensin II demonstrated increased ERK1/2 activation (P < .05 vs static control), which was significantly inhibited by Losartan. Conclusions In BPH/2 mice with spontaneous neurogenic, low-renin HTN, AAA growth was amplified compared with the normotensive control and was effectively attenuated using Losartan. ERK1/2 activity was significantly elevated in the BPH/2 mice and after AAA induction in the normotensive and hypertensive mice but was attenuated by Losartan treatment. These data suggest that AT1R activation contributes to AAA development. Therefore, further investigation into this signaling pathway could establish targets for pharmacotherapeutic engineering to slow AAA growth. (JVS-Vascular Science 2021;2:194-206.). Clinical Relevance Hypertension (HTN) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have been epidemiologically linked for decades; however, a biomechanical link has not yet been identified. Using a murine model of spontaneous neurogenic HTN experimentally demonstrated to have low circulating renin, mechanical activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was identified with elevated blood pressure and AAA induction. HTN amplified AAA growth. However, more importantly, blocking the activation of AT1R with the angiotensin receptor blocker Losartan effectively abrogated AAA development. Although inhibiting the production of angiotensin II has previously been unsuccessful in altering AAA growth, the results from the present study suggest that blocking the activation of AT1R through direct ligand binding or mechanical stimulation might alter aortic wall signaling and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Raj Patel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Armaan Amin-Javaheri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hayes Lanford
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - R Tyler Grespin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Christine Couch
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Zhang N, Zhu H, Li Z, Dong E. A novel β 2-AR agonist, Higenamine, induces β-arrestin-biased signaling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1357-1368. [PMID: 34783996 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The biased ligands in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have opened new avenues for developing safer and more effective drugs. However, the identification of such biased ligands as drug candidates is highly desirable. Here, we report that Higenamine, a compound isolated from a Chinese herb, functions as a novel β-arrestin-biased ligand of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). The radioligand binding assays demonstrated that Higenamine was the ligand of β2-AR. Higenamine induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which can be blocked by propranolol, an inhibitor of β2-AR. The Gi protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, had no effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by Higenamine. Furthermore, Higenamine induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation through transactivation of Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). We also found that Higenamine-induced-ERK1/2 phosphorylation is dependent on β-arrestin1/2, and HG inhibits Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results identify Higenamine as a novel biased ligand via the β-arrestin-dependent pathway. These findings give us a better understanding of Higenamine's potential role in designing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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14
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Catar RA, Wischnewski O, Chen L, Heidecke H, Rutz C, Schülein R, Dragun D, Philippe A, Kusch A. Non-HLA antibodies targeting angiotensin II type 1 receptors and endothelin-1 type A receptors impair endothelial repair via a β2-arrestin link to the mTOR pathway. Kidney Int 2021; 101:498-509. [PMID: 34757123 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional non-HLA antibodies (antibodies to non-human leukocyte antigens) targeting the G protein-coupled receptors angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and endothelin-1 type A receptor (ETAR) are implicated in the pathogenesis of transplant vasculopathy. While ERK signaling (a regulator of cell growth) may represent a general cellular response to agonist stimulation, the molecular link between receptor stimulation and development of vascular obliteration has not been fully established. Here we hypothesize involvement of the versatile adaptor proteins, β-arrestins, and the major regulator of cell growth, PI3K/mTOR signaling, in impaired endothelial repair. To test this, human microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT1R/ETAR antibodies isolated from patients with kidney transplant vasculopathy. These antibodies activated both mTOR complexes via AT1R and ETAR in a PI3K-dependent and ERK-independent manner. The mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, completely abolished activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 after long-term treatment with receptor antibodies. Imaging studies revealed that β2- but not β1-arrestin was recruited to ETAR in response to ET1 and patient antibodies but not with antibodies isolated from healthy individuals. Silencing of β2-arrestin by siRNA transfection significantly reduced ERK1/2 and mTORC2 activation. Non-HLA antibodies impaired endothelial repair by AT1R- and ETAR-induced mTORC2 signaling. Thus, we provide evidence that functional AT1R/ETAR antibodies induce ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling involving β2-arrestin in human microvascular endothelium. Hence, our data may provide a translational rational for mTOR inhibitors in combination with receptor blockers in patients with non-HLA receptor recognizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Ali Catar
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oskar Wischnewski
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Claudia Rutz
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schülein
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Duska Dragun
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie Philippe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Kusch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.
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Yun MW, Kim K, Park JY, Chung KY. Conformational Dynamics Analysis of MEK1 Using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:481-488. [PMID: 33143608 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201103152534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is regulated by a phosphorylation cascade comprising three kinases, MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAPK kinase (MAP2K), and MAPK. MAP2K1 and MAPK2K2, also known as MEK1 and MEK2, activate ERK1 and ERK2. The structure of the MAPK signaling cascade has been studied, but high-resolution structural studies of MAP2Ks have often focused on kinase domains or docking sites, but not on full-length proteins. OBJECTIVE To understand the conformational dynamics of MEK1. METHODS Full-length MEK1 was purified from Escherichia coli (BL21), and its conformational dynamics were analyzed using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). The effects of ATP binding were examined by co-incubating MEK1 and adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP- PNP), a non-hydrolysable ATP analog. RESULTS MEK1 exhibited mixed EX1/EX2 HDX kinetics within the N-terminal tail through β1, αI, and the C-terminal helix. AMP-PNP binding was found to reduce conformational dynamics within the glycine-rich loop and regions near the DFG motif, along with the activation lip. CONCLUSION We report for the first time that MEK1 has regions that slowly change its folded and unfolded states (mixed EX1/EX2 kinetics) and also report the conformational effects of ATP-binding to MEK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Yun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kiae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Ashokan A, Harisankar HS, Kameswaran M, Aradhyam GK. Critical APJ receptor residues in extracellular domains that influence effector selectivity. FEBS J 2021; 288:6543-6562. [PMID: 34076959 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human APJ receptor/apelin receptor (APJR), activated by apelin peptide isoforms, regulates a wide range of physiological processes. The role of extracellular loop (ECL) domain residues of APJR in ligand binding and receptor activation has not been established yet. Based on multiple sequence alignment of APJ receptor from various organisms, we identified conserved residues in the extracellular domains. Alanine substitutions of specific residues were characterized to evaluate their ligand binding efficiency and Gq -, Gi -, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. Mutation-dependent variation in ligand binding and signaling was observed. W197 A in ECL2 and L276 L277 W279 -AAA in ECL3 were deficient in Gi and β-arrestin signaling pathways with relatively preserved Gq -mediated signaling. T169 T170 -AA, Y182 A, and T190 A mutants in ECL2 showed impaired β-arrestin-dependent cell signaling while maintaining G protein- mediated signaling. Structural comparison with angiotensin II type I receptor revealed the importance of ECL2 and ECL3 residues in APJR ligand binding and signaling. Our results unequivocally confirm the specific role of these ECL residues in ligand binding and in orchestrating receptor conformations that are involved in preferential/biased signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ashokan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Harikumar Sheela Harisankar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Regulates Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 4 and Represses Migration and Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030619. [PMID: 33799631 PMCID: PMC8001910 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is one of the most recognized epigenetic regulators of transcriptional activity representing, an epigenetic modification of Histone H3. Previous reports have suggested that the broad H3K4me3 domain can be considered as an epigenetic signature for tumor-suppressor genes in human cells. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor, acts as an inhibitor on cell growth via epigenetic regulation in breast and ovarian cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of GPER and H3K4me3 in ovarian cancer tissue samples as well as in two different cell lines (Caov3 and Caov4). Silencing of GPER by a specific siRNA and two selective regulators with agonistic (G1) and antagonistic (G15) activity were applied for consecutive in vitro studies to investigate their impacts on tumor cell growth and the changes in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and H3K4me3. We found a positive correlation between GPER and H3K4me3 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Patients overexpressing GPER as well as H3K4me3 had significantly improved overall survival. Increased H3K4me3 and p-ERK1/2 levels and attenuated cell proliferation and migration were observed in Caov3 and Caov4 cells via activation of GPER by G1. Conversely, antagonizing GPER activity by G15 resulted in opposite effects in the Caov4 cell line. In conclusion, interaction of GPER and H3K4me3 appears to be of prognostic significance for ovarian cancer patients. The results of the in vitro analyses confirm the biological rationale for their interplay and identify GPER agonists, such as G1, as a potential therapeutic approach for future investigations.
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Guo Z, He X, Jiang C, Shi Y, Zhou N. Activation of Bombyx mori neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor A19 by neuropeptide RYamides couples to G q protein-dependent signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:456-471. [PMID: 33399233 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RYamides constitute a novel family of neuropeptides newly identified in insects, and play important roles in regulating a variety of physiological processes. However, the signaling characteristics and physiological actions of RYamide signaling system remain largely unknown. In the present study, we cloned the full-length complementary DNA of the RYamide receptor BNGR-A19 from Bombyx mori larvae. After expression in mammalian HEK293T and insect Sf9 cells, functional assays revealed that BNGR-A19 was activated by synthetic RYamide peptides, triggering a significant increase in cAMP-response element controlled luciferase activity and Ca2+ mobilization in a Gq inhibitor-sensitive manner. Upon activation by RYamide peptides, BNGR-A19 elicited ERK1/2 phosphorylation via a Gq -PLC-PKC pathway, and also underwent a rapid internalization from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. Further cross-activity analysis indicated that BNGR-A19 exhibited very weak response upon stimulation by high concentration (1 μM) of Bombyx sulfakinin-1, neuropeptide F-1, and short neuropeptide F-1, and vice versa, Bombyx RYamides also showed slight potency for activating Bombyx NPF receptor (BNGR-A4) and sNPF receptor (BNGR-A11). In addition, the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that the high-level expression of BNGR-A19 was detected in the hindgut and testis, suggesting that the RYamide signaling is likely involved in the regulation of feeding, water homeostasis and testis development. This study provides the first in-depth information on the insect RYamide signaling system, facilitating the further clarification of its endocrinological roles in insect physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai He
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaohui Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Han X, de la Fuente M, Nieman MT. Complement factor C4a does not activate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) or PAR4 on human platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:104-110. [PMID: 33537534 PMCID: PMC7845074 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 are key thrombin signal mediators for human platelet activation and aggregation in response to vascular injury. They are primarily activated by thrombin cleavage of the N-terminus to expose a tethered ligand. In addition to the canonical activation by thrombin, a growing panel of proteases can also elicit PAR1- or PAR4-mediated signal transduction. Recently, complement factor C4a was reported as the first endogenous agonist for both PAR1 and PAR4. Further, it is the first endogenous nontethered ligand that activates PAR1 and PAR4. These studies were conducted with human microvascular cells; the impact of C4a on platelet PARs is unknown. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to interrogate PAR1 and PAR4 activation by C4a on human platelets. METHODS Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was isolated from healthy donors. PRP was stimulated with C4a, and the platelet aggregation was measured. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 Flp-In T-rex cells were used to further test if C4a stimulation can initiate PAR1- or PAR4-mediated Gαq signaling, which was measured by intracellular calcium mobilization. RESULTS C4a failed to elicit platelet aggregation via PAR1- or PAR4-mediated manner. In addition, no PAR1- or PAR4-mediated calcium mobilization was observed upon C4a stimulation on HEK293 cells. CONCLUSIONS Complement factor C4a does not activate PAR1 or PAR4 on human platelets. These data show that PAR1 and PAR4 activation by C4a on microvascular cells likely requires a cofactor, which reinforces the concept of cell type-specific regulation of protease signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | | | - Marvin T. Nieman
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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20
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Pillay Y, Nagiah S, Phulukdaree A, Krishnan A, Chuturgoon AA. Patulin suppresses α 1-adrenergic receptor expression in HEK293 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20115. [PMID: 33208818 PMCID: PMC7674415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a common mycotoxin contaminant of apple products linked to impaired metabolic and kidney function. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), abundantly expressed in the kidney, intercedes metabolic changes and renal injury. The alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) facilitate Epinephrine (Epi)-mediated AMPK activation, linking metabolism and kidney function. Preliminary molecular docking experiments examined potential interactions and AMPK-gamma subunit 3 (PRKAG3). The effect of PAT exposure (0.2-2.5 µM; 24 h) on the AMPK pathway and α1-AR was then investigated in HEK293 human kidney cells. AMPK agonist Epi determined direct effects on the α1-AR, metformin was used as an activator for AMPK, while buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) assessed GSH inhibition and supplementation respectively. ADRA1A and ADRA1D expression was determined by qPCR. α1-AR, ERK1/2/MAPK and PI3K/Akt protein expression was assessed using western blotting. PAT (1 µM) decreased α1-AR protein and mRNA and altered downstream signalling. This was consistent in cells stimulated with Epi and metformin. BSO potentiated the observed effect on α1-AR while NAC ameliorated these effects. Molecular docking studies performed on Human ADRA1A and PRKAG3 indicated direct interactions with PAT. This study is the first to show PAT modulates the AMPK pathway and α1-AR, supporting a mechanism of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodani Pillay
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, George Campbell Building, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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21
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Gao J, Pan H, Zhu Z, Yu T, Huang B, Zhou Y. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:975-987. [PMID: 32747927 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies worldwide, and its poor prognosis is mainly due to the rapid tumor progression including tumor invasion, distant metastasis, etc. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GC progression lays the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic agents. Increasing evidence suggests that guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 (GNB4), a key subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple malignancies. However, whether and how GNB4 promotes GC progression are still unknown. In this study, we found that GNB4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to that in non-tumor tissues and was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth, pathological stage and poor survival rate of GC patients. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies revealed that GNB4 significantly enhanced GC cell growth and motility both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that GNB4 overexpression induced G1-S transition and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. These tumor promoting effects were mediated by GNB4 which activates the Erk1/2 pathway through upregulating Erk1/2 phosphorylation, as U0126, an Erk1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, could significantly inhibit GNB4-mediated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In summary, GNB4 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells by activating the Erk1/2 signaling pathway, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenglun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Binhao Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Zrein A, Bagher AM, Young AP, Denovan-Wright EM, Kelly MEM. Endothelin receptor heteromerization inhibits β-arrestin function in HEK293 cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:531-540. [PMID: 32744876 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endothelin receptor A (ETA) and endothelin receptor B (ETB) are G protein-coupled receptors that are co-expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) activates endothelin receptors to cause microvascular vasoconstriction. Previous studies have shown that heteromerization between ETA and ETB prolongs Ca2+ transients, leading to prolongation of Gαq-dependent signaling and sustained vasoconstriction. We hypothesized that these effects are in part mediated by the resistance of ETA/ETB heteromers to β-arrestin recruitment and subsequent desensitization. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2 (BRET2), we found that ETB has a relatively equal affinity to form either homomers or heteromers with ETA when co-expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. When co-expressed, activation of ETA and ETB by ET-1 caused a heteromer-specific reduction and delay in β-arrestin-2 recruitment with a corresponding reduction and delay in ET-1-induced ETA/ETB co-internalization. Furthermore, the co-expression of ETA and ETB inhibited ET-1-induced β-arrestin-1-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation while prolonging ET-1-induced Gαq-dependent ERK phosphorylation. ETA/ETB heteromerization mediates the long-lasting vasoconstrictor response to ET-1 by the prolongation of Gαq-dependent signaling and inhibition of β-arrestin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zrein
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander P Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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23
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Excessive Homeostatic Gain in Spinal Motoneurons in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9049. [PMID: 32493926 PMCID: PMC7271238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mSOD1 model of ALS, the excitability of motoneurons is poorly controlled, oscillating between hyperexcitable and hypoexcitable states during disease progression. The hyperexcitability is mediated by excessive activity of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels that is initially counteracted by aberrant increases in cell size and conductance. The balance between these opposing actions collapses, however, at the time that the denervation of muscle fibers begins at about P50, resulting in a state of hypo-excitability and cell death. We propose that this process of neurodegeneration ensues from homeostatic dysregulation of excitability and have tested this hypothesis by perturbing a signal transduction pathway that plays a major role in controlling biogenesis and cell size. Our 『homeostatic dysregulation hypothesis' predicted that neonatal mSOD1 motoneurons would be much more sensitive to such perturbations than wild type controls and our results strongly support this hypothesis. Our results have important implications for therapeutic approaches to ALS.
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24
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Gröper J, König GM, Kostenis E, Gerke V, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Exploring Biased Agonism at FPR1 as a Means to Encode Danger Sensing. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041054. [PMID: 32340221 PMCID: PMC7226602 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-based selectivity in signal transduction (biased signaling) is an emerging field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research and might allow the development of drugs with targeted activation profiles. Human formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a GPCR that detects potentially hazardous states characterized by the appearance of N-formylated peptides that originate from either bacteria or mitochondria during tissue destruction; however, the receptor also responds to several non-formylated agonists from various sources. We hypothesized that an additional layer of FPR signaling is encoded by biased agonism, thus allowing the discrimination of the source of threat. We resorted to the comparative analysis of FPR1 agonist-evoked responses across three prototypical GPCR signaling pathways, i.e., the inhibition of cAMP formation, receptor internalization, and ERK activation, and analyzed cellular responses elicited by several bacteria- and mitochondria-derived ligands. We also included the anti-inflammatory annexinA1 peptide Ac2-26 and two synthetic ligands, the W-peptide and the small molecule FPRA14. Compared to the endogenous agonists, the bacterial agonists displayed significantly higher potencies and efficacies. Selective pathway activation was not observed, as both groups were similarly biased towards the inhibition of cAMP formation. The general agonist bias in FPR1 signaling suggests a source-independent pathway selectivity for transmission of pro-inflammatory danger signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieny Gröper
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.G.); (V.G.)
- Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (G.M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (G.M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.G.); (V.G.)
- Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.G.); (V.G.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.A.R.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-(0)251-835-2132 (C.A.R.); +49-(0)251-835-2121(U.R.)
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.G.); (V.G.)
- Cells in Motion” Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.A.R.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-(0)251-835-2132 (C.A.R.); +49-(0)251-835-2121(U.R.)
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25
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Tomasovic A, Brand T, Schanbacher C, Kramer S, Hümmert MW, Godoy P, Schmidt-Heck W, Nordbeck P, Ludwig J, Homann S, Wiegering A, Shaykhutdinov T, Kratz C, Knüchel R, Müller-Hermelink HK, Rosenwald A, Frey N, Eichler J, Dobrev D, El-Armouche A, Hengstler JG, Müller OJ, Hinrichs K, Cuello F, Zernecke A, Lorenz K. Interference with ERK-dimerization at the nucleocytosolic interface targets pathological ERK1/2 signaling without cardiotoxic side-effects. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1733. [PMID: 32265441 PMCID: PMC7138859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is linked to several diseases including heart failure, genetic syndromes and cancer. Inhibition of ERK1/2, however, can cause severe cardiac side-effects, precluding its wide therapeutic application. ERKT188-autophosphorylation was identified to cause pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here we report that interference with ERK-dimerization, a prerequisite for ERKT188-phosphorylation, minimizes cardiac hypertrophy without inducing cardiac adverse effects: an ERK-dimerization inhibitory peptide (EDI) prevents ERKT188-phosphorylation, nuclear ERK1/2-signaling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, protecting from pressure-overload-induced heart failure in mice whilst preserving ERK1/2-activity and cytosolic survival signaling. We also examine this alternative ERK1/2-targeting strategy in cancer: indeed, ERKT188-phosphorylation is strongly upregulated in cancer and EDI efficiently suppresses cancer cell proliferation without causing cardiotoxicity. This powerful cardio-safe strategy of interfering with ERK-dimerization thus combats pathological ERK1/2-signaling in heart and cancer, and may potentially expand therapeutic options for ERK1/2-related diseases, such as heart failure and genetic syndromes. Drugs targeting dysregulated ERK1/2 signaling can cause severe cardiac side effects, precluding their wide therapeutic application. Here, a new and cardio-safe targeting strategy is presented that interferes with ERK dimerization to prevent pathological ERK1/2 signaling in the heart and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tomasovic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Theresa Brand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Constanze Schanbacher
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sofia Kramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin W Hümmert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricio Godoy
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology -Hans Knoell Institute-, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Homann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timur Shaykhutdinov
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Kratz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany. .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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26
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Jiang X, Chen S, Zhang Q, Yi C, He J, Ye X, Liu M, Lu W. Celastrol is a novel selective agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity in a mouse model of systemic sclerosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 67:153160. [PMID: 31901889 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicated that the cannabinoid receptors were involved in the pathogenesis of organ fibrogenesis. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to discover novel cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist and assess the potential of CB2 activation in treating systemic sclerosis. METHODS A gaussia princeps luciferase-based split luciferase complementation assay (SLCA) was developed for detection of the interaction between CB2 and β-arrestin2. A library of 366 natural products was then screened as potential CB2 agonist using SLCA approach. Several GPCR functional assays, including HTRF-based cAMP assay and calcium mobilization were also utilized to evaluated CB2 activation. Bleomycin-induced experimental systemic sclerosis was used to assess the in vivo anti-fibrotic effects. Dermal thickness and collagen content were evaluated via H&E and sirius red staining. RESULTS Celastrol was identified as a new agonist of CB2 by using SLCA. Furthermore, celastrol triggers several CB2-mediated downstream signaling pathways, including calcium mobilization, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, and receptor desensitization in a dose-dependent manner, and it has a moderate selectivity on CB1. In addition, celastrol exhibited the anti-inflammatory properties on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated murine Raw 264.7 macrophages and primary macrophages. Finally, we found that celastrol exerts anti-fibrotic effects in the bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis mouse model accompanied by reduced inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSION Taken together, celastrol is identified a novel selective CB2 agonist using a new developed arrestin-based SLCA, and CB2 activation by celastrol reduces the inflammatory response, and prevents the development of dermal fibrosis in bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis mouse model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Arrestin/metabolism
- Bleomycin/toxicity
- Calcium/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Fibrosis
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pentacyclic Triterpenes
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Scleroderma, Systemic/chemically induced
- Scleroderma, Systemic/drug therapy
- Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunyang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiacheng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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27
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CRISPR, Prime Editing, Optogenetics, and DREADDs: New Therapeutic Approaches Provided by Emerging Technologies in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2085-2100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Yang JJ, Yu WW, Hu LL, Liu WJ, Lin XH, Wang W, Zhang Q, Wang PL, Tang SW, Wang X, Liu M, Lu W, Zhang HK. Discovery and Characterization of 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Novel Prostanoid EP4 Receptor Antagonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:569-590. [PMID: 31855426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prostanoid EP4 receptor is one of the key receptors associated with inflammatory mediator PGE2-elicited immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of EP4 signaling to enhance immunity-mediated tumor elimination has recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In our efforts to discover novel subtype-selective EP4 antagonists, we designed and synthesized a class of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-based ligands that display low nanomolar antagonism activity toward the human EP4 receptor and excellent subtype selectivity. The most promising compound 59 exhibits single-digit nanomolar potency in the EP4 calcium flux and cAMP-response element reporter assays and effectively suppresses the expression of multiple immunosuppression-related genes in macrophage cells. On the basis of its favorable ADMET properties, compound 59 was chosen for further in vivo biological evaluation. Oral administration of compound 59 significantly inhibited tumor growth in the mouse CT26 colon carcinoma model accompanied by enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Yu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Long-Long Hu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Pei-Li Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Shuo-Wen Tang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Han-Kun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
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Kim D, Cho S, Castaño MA, Panettieri RA, Woo JA, Liggett SB. Biased TAS2R Bronchodilators Inhibit Airway Smooth Muscle Growth by Downregulating Phosphorylated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:532-540. [PMID: 30365340 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0189oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists dilate airways by receptor-dependent smooth muscle relaxation. Besides their coupling to relaxation, we have found that human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell TAS2Rs activate (phosphorylate) extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but the cellular effects are not known. In the present study, we show in HASM cells that TAS2R agonists initially stimulate phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) but by 24 hours cause a marked (50-70%) downregulation of pERK1/2 without a change in total ERK1/2. It was hypothesized that TAS2R agonists suppress cell growth through this pERK1/2 downregulation. Agonist-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation was indeed found in HASM cells derived from normal and asthmatic human lungs, as well as in an immortalized HASM cell line. pERK1/2 downregulation was linked to downregulation of the upstream kinase MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Various structurally diverse TAS2R agonists evoked a range of inhibition of HASM proliferation, the magnitude of which directly correlated with the downregulation of pERK1/2 (R2 = 0.86). Some TAS2R agonists were as effective as pharmacological inhibitors of Raf1 and MEK1/2 in suppressing growth. siRNA silencing of TAS2Rs (subtypes 10, 14, and 31) ablated the pERK1/2 and growth-inhibitory effects of TAS2R agonists. These phenotypes were attenuated by inhibiting the TAS2R G protein Gαi and by knocking down β-arrestin 1/2, indicating a dual pathway, although there may be additional mechanisms involved in this HASM TAS2R multidimensional signaling. Thus, TAS2R agonist structure can be manipulated to maintain the relaxation response and can be biased toward suppression of HASM growth. The latter response is of potential therapeutic benefit in asthma, in which an increase in smooth muscle mass contributes to airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soomin Cho
- 2 Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; and
| | | | - Reynold A Panettieri
- 3 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jung A Woo
- 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Stephen B Liggett
- 1 Department of Medicine and.,4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Zhu X, Finlay DB, Glass M, Duffull SB. Model-free and kinetic modelling approaches for characterising non-equilibrium pharmacological pathway activity: Internalisation of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2593-2607. [PMID: 30945265 PMCID: PMC6592866 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Receptor internalisation is by nature kinetic. Application of a standard equilibrium dose response model to describe the properties of a ligand inducing internalisation, while commonly used, are therefore problematic. Here, we propose two quantitative approaches to address this issue-(a) a model-free method and (b) a kinetic modelling approach-and systematically evaluate the performance of these methods against traditional equilibrium methods to characterise the internalisation profiles of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Kinetic internalisation assays were conducted using a concentration series of six CB1 receptor ligands. Internalisation rate analysis and snapshot equilibrium analysis were performed. A model-free method was developed based on the mean residence time of internalisation. A kinetic internalisation model was developed under the quasi-steady state assumption. KEY RESULTS Rates of receptor internalisation depended on both agonist and concentration. Agonist potencies from snapshot equilibrium analysis increased with stimulation time, and there was no single time point at which internalisation profiles could infer agonist properties in a comparative manner. The model-free method yielded a time-invariant measure of potency/efficacy for internalisation. The kinetic model adequately described the internalisation of CB1 receptors over time and provided robust estimates of both potency and efficacy. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Applying equilibrium analysis to a non-equilibrium pathway cannot provide a reliable estimate of agonist potency. Both the model-free and kinetic modelling approaches characterised the internalisation profiles of CB1 receptor agonists. The kinetic model provides additional advantages as a method to capture changes in receptor number during other functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Otago Pharmacometrics Group, School of PharmacyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - David B. Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Stephen B. Duffull
- Otago Pharmacometrics Group, School of PharmacyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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31
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Liu F, Feng XX, Zhu SL, Huang HY, Chen YD, Pan YF, June RR, Zheng SG, Huang JL. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Mediates Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis via MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2847. [PMID: 30568656 PMCID: PMC6290332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are the major effector cells that lead to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis and joint destruction. Our previous studies showed that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is involved in aberrant activation of RA-FLSs and inhibition of SHH pathway decreases proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs. The objective of this study was to investigate if the SHH pathway mediates proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs via the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway. SHH signaling was studied by using SHH agonist (Purmorphamine) and antagonist (Cyclopamine) targeting the Smoothened (SMO) in FLSs. U0126-EtOH was used to inhibit the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 (p-ERKl/2) was examined by western blot. Cell viability was detected using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity kit-8 (CCK8), and cell cycle distribution and proliferating cells were evaluated by the flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined by Transwell assay. Results showed that, compared with the control group, Purmorphamine increased the levels of p-ERK1/2 in concentration-and time-dependent manners (P < 0.01). Co-treated with Purmorphamine and U0126-EtOH or Cyclopamine both decreased the levels of p-ERK1/2 (P < 0.05). RA-FLSs treated with Purmorphamine resulted in alteration of cell cycle distribution, increasing of proliferating cells, cell viability, and migration cells compared to controls (P < 0.01). However, the above phenomenon can be abolished by U0126-EtOH (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that SHH signaling pathway mediates proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs via MAPK/ERK pathway and may contribute to progression of RA. Targeting SHH signaling may have a therapeutic potential in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xue Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang Ling Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Di Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Feng Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rayford R June
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical College at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical College at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jian Lin Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Choi C, Thi Thao Tran N, Van Ngu T, Park SW, Song MS, Kim SH, Bae YU, Ayudthaya PDN, Munir J, Kim E, Baek MJ, Song S, Ryu S, Nam KH. Promotion of tumor progression and cancer stemness by MUC15 in thyroid cancer via the GPCR/ERK and integrin-FAK signaling pathways. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:85. [PMID: 30420637 PMCID: PMC6232104 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Notwithstanding advancements in the prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer, 10–20% of thyroid cancer patients develops chemotherapeutic resistance and experience relapse. According to previous reports and TCGA database, MUC15 (MUCIN 15) upregulation is highly correlated with thyroid cancer progression. However, the role of MUC15 in tumor progression and metastasis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate factors mediating cancer stemness in thyroid cancer. MUC15 plays an important role in sphere formation, as an evident from the expression of stemness markers including SOX2, KLF4, ALDH1A3, and IL6. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MUC15 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling via G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR)/cyclic AMP (cAMP) and integrin/focal adhesion kinase pathways. Interestingly, ectopic expression of MUC15 did not affect RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-mediated ERK activation. The present findings may provide novel insights into the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications of MUC15 in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwon Choi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thao Tran
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Trinh Van Ngu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Min Suk Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ui Bae
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Javaria Munir
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eunbit Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moo-Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chonan, Korea
| | - Sujung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jiang XW, Jiang BE, Liu H, Liu ZT, Hu LL, Liu M, Lu W, Zhang HK. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of phenylpropiolic acid derivatives as novel GPR40 agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:123-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sabbir MG, Fernyhough P. Muscarinic receptor antagonists activate ERK-CREB signaling to augment neurite outgrowth of adult sensory neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:268-281. [PMID: 30248305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major cellular effector activated by G protein coupled receptors is extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The ERK signaling cascade regulates a variety of cellular processes including growth and proliferation. Both G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling lead to ERK activation by phosphorylation through different kinases. Recently, we have shown muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (M1R) antagonists, muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7) and pirenzepine, elevated neurite outgrowth and protected from small and large fiber neuropathy in adult sensory neurons in various animal models. Thus, we tested the novel hypothesis that muscarinic antagonists could drive neurite outgrowth through altered M1R-ERK signaling. We have used two dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE combined with analysis using multiple phospho-epitope specific antibodies to study ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activation of its downstream nuclear effector cyclic response element binding protein (CREB). Activated CREB is known to exhibit neuroprotective and growth promoting effects. One hour of treatment with MT7 and pirenzepine activated ERK through M1R and induced a significant increase in levels of pCREB(S133) in cultured sensory neurons. Further, pharmacological blockade or siRNA based knockdown of ERK abolished the MT7 and pirenzepine mediated neuritogenic effect. In addition, we have shown drug-induced alterations of charged protein fractions that may possess additional post-translationally modified forms of ERK and CREB. For the first time we show that long-term treatment, e.g. 1 h, with muscarinic antagonists selective or specific for M1R can activate a biased β-arrestin dependent ERK-CREB signal cascade. Our study gives novel insight into muscarinic antagonist-mediated modulation of M1R-ERK-CREB signaling which could be exploited for therapy in neuropathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Sabbir
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Dept of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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35
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Brown JD, McAnally D, Ayala JE, Burmeister MA, Morfa C, Smith L, Ayala JE. Oleoylethanolamide modulates glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist signaling and enhances exendin-4-mediated weight loss in obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R595-R608. [PMID: 29949410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00459.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RA), such as exendin-4 (Ex4), promote weight loss. On the basis of a newly discovered interaction between GLP-1 and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), we tested whether OEA enhances GLP-1RA-mediated anorectic signaling and weight loss. We analyzed the effect of GLP-1+OEA and Ex4+OEA on canonical GLP-1R signaling and other proteins/pathways that contribute to the hypophagic action of GLP-1RA (AMPK, Akt, mTOR, and glycolysis). We demonstrate that OEA enhances canonical GLP-1R signaling when combined with GLP-1 but not with Ex4. GLP-1 and Ex4 promote phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components, but OEA does not enhance this effect. OEA synergistically enhanced GLP-1- and Ex4-stimulated glycolysis but did not augment the hypophagic action of GLP-1 or Ex4 in lean or diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, the combination of Ex4+OEA promoted greater weight loss in DIO mice than Ex4 or OEA alone during a 7-day treatment. This was due in part to transient hypophagia and increased energy expenditure, phenotypes also observed in Ex4-treated DIO mice. Thus, OEA augments specific GLP-1RA-stimulated signaling but appears to work in parallel with Ex4 to promote weight loss in DIO mice. Elucidating cooperative mechanisms underlying Ex4+OEA-mediated weight loss could, therefore, be leveraged toward more effective obesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Brown
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Danielle McAnally
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Jennifer E Ayala
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Melissa A Burmeister
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Camilo Morfa
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Layton Smith
- Cardiovascular Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona , Orlando, Florida
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Ogola B, Zhang Y, Iyer L, Thekkumkara T. 2-Methoxyestradiol causes matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and angiotensin type 1 receptor downregulation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C554-C568. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00152.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) in several cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. However, the exact mechanism(s) remains unknown. In this study, primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) were exposed to 2ME2, and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression, function, and associated signaling pathways were evaluated. In RASMCs, 2ME2 downregulated AT1R expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was correlated with reduced mRNA expression. The 2ME2 effect was through G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) that inhibits second messenger cAMP. Moreover, 2ME2 exposure phosphorylated ERK1/2 that was sensitive to MEK inhibitor PD98059. Selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478 blocked 2ME2-induced EGFR transactivation and attenuated subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 preventing AT1R downregulation. The transactivation was dependent on 2ME2-induced release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and epidermal growth factor demonstrated by ELISA. Furthermore, transfection with small interfering (si) RNA targeting MMP9 impeded ERK1/2 activation and AT1R downregulation in response to 2ME2 and G1 stimulation. Interestingly, under similar conditions, stimulation of GPR30 with the selective agonist G1 elicited similar signaling pathways and downregulated the AT1R expression that was reversed by GPR30 antagonist G15. Furthermore, 2ME2 and G1 inhibited angiotensin II (ANG II) induced Ca2+ release, a response consistent with AT1R downregulation. Collectively, our study demonstrates for the first time that 2ME2 binding to GPR30 induces MMP9 specific transactivation of EGFR that mediates ERK1/2-dependent downregulation of AT1R in RASMCs. The study provides critical insights into the newly discovered role and signaling pathways of 2ME2 in the regulation of AT1R in vascular cells and its potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent that ameliorates hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Ogola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Laxmi Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thomas Thekkumkara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
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Gerzanich V, Kwon MS, Woo SK, Ivanov A, Simard JM. SUR1-TRPM4 channel activation and phasic secretion of MMP-9 induced by tPA in brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195526. [PMID: 29617457 PMCID: PMC5884564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of ischemic stroke, is linked to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and is exacerbated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is characterized by SUR1-TRPM4 (sulfonylurea receptor 1—transient receptor potential melastatin 4) channel upregulation in microvascular endothelium. In humans and rodents with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the SUR1 antagonist, glibenclamide, reduces hemorrhagic transformation and plasma MMP-9, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that tPA induces protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated, Ca2+-dependent phasic secretion of MMP-9 from activated brain endothelium, and that SUR1-TRPM4 is required for this process. Methods Cerebral I/R, of 2 and 4 hours duration, respectively, was obtained using conventional middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immunolabeling was used to quantify p65 nuclear translocation. Murine and human brain endothelial cells (BEC) were studied in vitro, without and with NF-κB activation, using immunoblot, zymography and ELISA, patch clamp electrophysiology, and calcium imaging. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations were used to identify signaling pathways. Results Cerebral I/R caused prominent nuclear translocation of p65 in microvascular endothelium. NF-κB-activation of BEC caused de novo expression of SUR1-TRPM4 channels. In NF-κB-activated BEC: (i) tPA caused opening of SUR1-TRPM4 channels in a plasmin-, PAR1-, TRPC3- and Ca2+-dependent manner; (ii) tPA caused PAR1-dependent secretion of MMP-9; (iii) tonic secretion of MMP-9 by activated BEC was not influenced by SUR1 inhibition; (iv) phasic secretion of MMP-9 induced by tPA or the PAR1-agonist, TFLLR, required functional SUR1-TRPM4 channels, with inhibition of SUR1 decreasing tPA-induced MMP-9 secretion. Conclusions tPA induces PAR1-mediated, SUR1-TRPM4-dependent, phasic secretion of MMP-9 from activated brain endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min Seong Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seung Kyoon Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5125624. [PMID: 29359050 PMCID: PMC5735635 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5125624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When activated, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) exert long-lasting changes within the glutamatergic synapses. One mechanism is a tonic effect of downstream signal transduction pathways via sustained activation of mGlu itself. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mGlu can exist in a constitutively active state, which persists agonist independently. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the constitutive activity of group I mGlus. The issues concerning Homer1a mechanism in the constitutive activity of group I mGlus and recent findings regarding the significant role of β-arrestin in sustained GPCR activity are also discussed. We propose that once in a state of sustained activation, the mGlu persistently activates downstream signaling pathways, including various adaptor proteins and kinases, such as β-arrestin and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In turn, these effector molecules bind to or phosphorylate the mGlu C-terminal binding domains and consequently regulate the activation state of the mGlu.
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Chen YP, Wu HL, Boyé K, Pan CY, Chen YC, Pujol N, Lin CW, Chiu LY, Billottet C, Alves ID, Bikfalvi A, Sue SC. Oligomerization State of CXCL4 Chemokines Regulates G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2767-2778. [PMID: 28945356 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CXCL4 chemokines have antiangiogenic properties, mediated by different mechanisms, including CXCR3 receptor activation. Chemokines have distinct oligomerization states that are correlated with their biological functions. CXCL4 exists as a stable tetramer under physiological conditions. It is unclear whether the oligomerization state impacts CXCL4-receptor interaction. We found that the CXCL4 tetramer is sensitive to pH and salt concentration. Residues Glu28 and Lys50 were important for tetramer formation, and the first β-strand and the C-terminal helix are critical for dimerization. By mutating the critical residues responsible for oligomerization, we generated CXCL4 mutants that behave as dimers or monomers under neutral/physiological conditions. The CXCL4 monomer acts as the minimal active unit for interacting CXCR3A, and sulfation of N-terminal tyrosine residues on the receptor is important for binding. Noticeably, CXCL4L1, a CXCL4 variant that differs by three residues in the C-terminal helix, could activate CXCR3A. CXCL4L1 showed a higher tendency to dissociate into monomers, but native CXCL4 did not. This result indicates that monomeric CXCL4 behaves like CXCL4L1. Thus, in this chemokine family, being in the monomeric state seems critical for interaction with CXCR3A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Boyé
- INSERM U1029, 33615 Pessac, France
- University Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Nadège Pujol
- INSERM U1029, 33615 Pessac, France
- University Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Clotilde Billottet
- INSERM U1029, 33615 Pessac, France
- University Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- University Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
- CBMN UMR 5248 CNRS, Pessac, France
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, 33615 Pessac, France
- University Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
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Tang F, Pacheco MTF, Chen P, Liang D, Li W. Secretogranin III promotes angiogenesis through MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:781-786. [PMID: 29154827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Secretogranin III (Scg3) was recently discovered as the first highly diabetic retinopathy-associated angiogenic factor, and its neutralizing antibody alleviated the disease with high efficacy in diabetic mice. Investigation of its molecular mechanisms will facilitate the translation of this novel therapy. Scg3 was reported to induce the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Here we characterized the importance of MEK/ERK activation to Scg3 angiogenic activity. Our results showed that MEK inhibitor PD98059 blocked Scg3-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This finding was corroborated by PD98059 inhibition of HUVEC migration and tube formation. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor SCH772984 also suppressed Scg3-induced proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Taken together, these findings suggest that MEK-ERK pathway plays an important role in Scg3-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mario Thiego F Pacheco
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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41
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Matoba A, Matsuyama N, Shibata S, Masaki E, Emala CW, Mizuta K. The free fatty acid receptor 1 promotes airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L333-L348. [PMID: 29097424 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00129.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma and influences airway hyperresponsiveness, which is in part modulated by airway smooth muscle proliferative remodeling. Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are elevated in obese individuals, and long-chain FFAs act as endogenous ligands for the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which couples to both Gq and Gi proteins. We examined whether stimulation of FFAR1 induces airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through classical MEK/ERK and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. The long-chain FFAs (oleic acid and linoleic acid) and a FFAR1 agonist (GW9508) induced human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation, which was inhibited by the MEK inhibitor U0126 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 . The long-chain FFAs and GW9508 increased phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, and p70S6K in HASM cells and freshly isolated rat airway smooth muscle. Downregulation of FFAR1 in HASM cells by siRNA significantly attenuated oleic acid-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. Oleic acid-induced ERK phosphorylation was blocked by either the Gαi-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or U0126 and was partially inhibited by either the Gαq-specific inhibitor YM-254890 or the Gβγ signaling inhibitor gallein. Oleic acid significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP activity, which was attenuated by pertussis toxin. Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by pertussis toxin, the ras inhibitor manumycin A, the Src inhibitor PP1, or LY294002 . Phosphorylation of p70S6K by oleic acid or GW9508 was significantly inhibited by LY294002 , U0126, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, the FFAR1 promoted airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and p70S6K phosphorylation through MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Matoba
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Nao Matsuyama
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Sumire Shibata
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Eiji Masaki
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York, New York
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Complement-activation fragment C4a mediates effector functions by binding as untethered agonist to protease-activated receptors 1 and 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10948-10953. [PMID: 28973891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707364114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C4a is a small protein released from complement component C4 upon activation of the complement system's classical and lectin pathways, which are important constituents of innate immune surveillance. Despite the structural similarity between C4a and well-described anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, the binding partner and biological function of C4a have remained elusive. Using a cell-based reporter assay, we screened C4a against a panel of both known and orphan G protein-coupled receptors and now provide evidence that C4a is a ligand for protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 and PAR4. Whereas C4a showed no activity toward known anaphylatoxin receptors, it acted as an agonist for both PAR1 and PAR4 with nanomolar activity. In human endothelial cells, ERK activation by C4a was mediated through both PAR1 and PAR4 in a Gαi-independent signaling pathway. Like other PAR1 activators, C4a induced calcium mobilization through the PAR1/Gαq/PLCβ signaling axis. Moreover, C4a increased stress fiber formation and enhanced endothelial permeability, both of which were reduced by PAR1 antagonists. In sum, our study identifies C4a as an untethered agonist for PAR1 and PAR4 with effects on cellular activation and endothelial permeability, thereby revealing another instance of cross-talk between the complement system and other host defense pathways.
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43
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Wang W, LeBlanc ME, Chen X, Chen P, Ji Y, Brewer M, Tian H, Spring SR, Webster KA, Li W. Pathogenic role and therapeutic potential of pleiotrophin in mouse models of ocular vascular disease. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:479-492. [PMID: 28447229 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Pleiotrophin, a well-known angiogenic factor, was recently reported to be upregulated in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative DR (PDR). However, its pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in ocular vascular diseases have not been defined in vivo. Here using corneal pocket assays, we demonstrated that pleiotrophin induced angiogenesis in vivo. To investigate the pathological role of pleiotrophin we used neutralizing antibody to block its function in multiple in vivo models of ocular vascular diseases. In a mouse model of DR, intravitreal injection of pleiotrophin-neutralizing antibody alleviated diabetic retinal vascular leakage. In a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), which is a surrogate model of ROP and PDR, we demonstrated that intravitreal injection of anti-pleiotrophin antibody prevented OIR-induced pathological retinal neovascularization and aberrant vessel tufts. Finally, pleiotrophin-neutralizing antibody ameliorated laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a mouse model of nAMD, suggesting that pleiotrophin is involved in choroidal vascular disease. These findings suggest that pleiotrophin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR with retinal vascular leakage, ROP with retinal neovascularization and nAMD with choroidal neovascularization. The results also support pleiotrophin as a promising target for anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle E LeBlanc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Megan Brewer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Samantha R Spring
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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44
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LeBlanc ME, Wang W, Chen X, Caberoy NB, Guo F, Shen C, Ji Y, Tian H, Wang H, Chen R, Li W. Secretogranin III as a disease-associated ligand for antiangiogenic therapy of diabetic retinopathy. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1029-1047. [PMID: 28330905 PMCID: PMC5379984 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LeBlanc et al. uncover secretogranin III (Scg3) as a unique disease-associated vascular permeability and angiogenic factor using comparative ligandomics. Scg3-neutralizing antibodies alleviate vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy mice and retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice with high efficacy. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss with retinal vascular leakage and/or neovascularization. Current antiangiogenic therapy against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has limited efficacy. In this study, we applied a new technology of comparative ligandomics to diabetic and control mice for the differential mapping of disease-related endothelial ligands. Secretogranin III (Scg3) was discovered as a novel disease-associated ligand with selective binding and angiogenic activity in diabetic but not healthy vessels. In contrast, VEGF bound to and induced angiogenesis in both diabetic and normal vasculature. Scg3 and VEGF signal through distinct receptor pathways. Importantly, Scg3-neutralizing antibodies alleviated retinal vascular leakage in diabetic mice with high efficacy. Furthermore, anti-Scg3 prevented retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice, a surrogate model for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP is the most common cause of vision impairment in children, with no approved drug therapy. These results suggest that Scg3 is a promising target for novel antiangiogenic therapy of DR and ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E LeBlanc
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nora B Caberoy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Feiye Guo
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Chen Shen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Yanli Ji
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.,Everglades Biopharma, Miami, FL 33156
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wei Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 .,Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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45
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Novel members of quinoline compound family enhance insulin secretion in RIN-5AH beta cells and in rat pancreatic islet microtissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44073. [PMID: 28272433 PMCID: PMC5341024 DOI: 10.1038/srep44073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
According to clinical data, some tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) possess antidiabetic effects. Several proposed mechanisms were assigned to them, however their mode of action is not clear. Our hypothesis was that they directly stimulate insulin release in beta cells. In our screening approach we demonstrated that some commercially available TKIs and many novel synthesized analogues were able to induce insulin secretion in RIN-5AH beta cells. Our aim was to find efficient, more selective and less toxic compounds. Out of several hits, we chose members from a compound family with quinoline core structure for further investigation. Here we present the studies done with these novel compounds and reveal structure activity relationships and mechanism of action. One of the most potent compounds (compound 9) lost its affinity to kinases, but efficiently increased calcium influx. In the presence of calcium channel inhibitors, the insulinotropic effect was attenuated or completely abrogated. While the quinoline TKI, bosutinib substantially inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation, compound 9 had no such effect. Molecular docking studies further supported our data. We confirmed that some TKIs possess antidiabetic effects, moreover, we present a novel compound family developed from the TKI, bosutinib and optimized for the modulation of insulin secretion.
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46
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Lu CW, Lin TY, Chang CY, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Ciproxifan, a histamine H3 receptor antagonist and inverse agonist, presynaptically inhibits glutamate release in rat hippocampus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 319:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro G, Zamarbide M. Potential of GPCRs to modulate MAPK and mTOR pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 149-150:21-38. [PMID: 28189739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to understand the mechanism of neuronal cell death, finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is still a challenge. Cognitive deficits are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Remarkably, in the absence of consensus biomarkers, diagnosis of diseases such as Alzheimer's still relies on cognitive tests. Unfortunately, all efforts to translate findings in animal models to the patients have been unsuccessful. Alzheimer's disease may be addressed from two different points of view, neuroprotection or cognitive enhancement. Based on recent data, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway arises as a versatile player whose modulation may impact on mechanisms of both neuroprotection and cognition. Whereas direct targeting of mTOR does not seem to constitute a convenient approach in drug discovery, its indirect modulation by other signaling pathways seems promising. In fact, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain the most common 'druggable' targets and as such pharmacological manipulation of GPCRs with selective ligands may modulate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, GPCRs become important targets for potential drug treatments in different neurodegenerative disorders including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease. GPCR-mediated modulation of mTOR may take advantage of different GPCRs coupled to different G-dependent and G-independent signal transduction routes, of functional selectivity and/or of biased agonism. Signals mediated by GPCRs may act as coincidence detectors to achieve different benefits in different stages of the neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Venuti A, Pastori C, Pennisi R, Riva A, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. Class B β-arrestin2-dependent CCR5 signalosome retention with natural antibodies to CCR5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39382. [PMID: 28008933 PMCID: PMC5180096 DOI: 10.1038/srep39382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 stimulation with natural ligands, such as RANTES, classically induces short-term internalization with transient activation of β-arrestins and rapidly recycling on the cell surface. Here we discovered that, in T cells, natural CCR5 antibodies induce a CCR5-negative phenotype with the involvement of β-arrestin2, which leads to the formation of a stable CCR5 signalosome with both β-arrestin2 and ERK1. The activation of β-arrestin2 is necessary to CCR5 signaling for the signalosome formation and stabilization. When all stimuli were washed out, β-arrestin1 silencing favors the activity of β-arrestin2 for the CCR5 signalosome retention. Interestingly, CCR5 turn from Class A trafficking pattern, normally used for its internalization with natural modulating molecules (i.e. RANTES), into a long lasting Class B type specifically induced by stimulation with natural anti-CCR5 antibodies. This new CCR5 pathway is relevant not only to study in depth the molecular basis of all pathologies where CCR5 is involved but also to generate new antidody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
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McMahon F, Banville N, Bergin DA, Smedman C, Paulie S, Reeves E, Kavanagh K. Activation of Neutrophils via IP3 Pathway Following Exposure to Demodex-Associated Bacterial Proteins. Inflammation 2016; 39:425-433. [PMID: 26433579 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin of the face. Sera from rosacea patients display elevated reactivity to proteins from a bacterium (Bacillus oleronius) originally isolated from a Demodex mite from a rosacea patient suggesting a possible role for bacteria in the induction and persistence of this condition. This work investigated the ability of B. oleronius proteins to activate neutrophils and demonstrated activation via the IP3 pathway. Activated neutrophils displayed increased levels of IP1 production, F-actin formation, chemotaxis, and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 following stimulation by pure and crude B. oleronius protein preparations (2 μg/ml), respectively. In addition, neutrophils exposed to pure and crude B. oleronius proteins (2 μg/ml) demonstrated increased release of internally stored calcium (Ca(2+)), a hallmark of the IP3 pathway of neutrophil activation. Neutrophils play a significant role in the inflammation associated with rosacea, and this work demonstrates how B. oleronius proteins can induce neutrophil recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred McMahon
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nessa Banville
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David A Bergin
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | | | - Emer Reeves
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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50
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Wang J, Carrillo JJ, Lin HV. GPR142 Agonists Stimulate Glucose-Dependent Insulin Secretion via Gq-Dependent Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154452. [PMID: 27104960 PMCID: PMC4841597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR142 is an islet-enriched G protein-coupled receptor that has been investigated as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by virtue of its insulin secretagogue activity. However, the signaling pathways downstream of GPR142 and whether its stimulation of insulin release is glucose-dependent remain poorly characterized. In this study, we show that both native and synthetic GPR142 agonists can activate Gq as well as Gi signaling when GPR142 is recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells. However, in primary pancreatic islets, a native cellular system, the insulin secretagogue activity of GPR142 agonists only requires Gq activation. In addition, our results show that stimulation of insulin secretion by GPR142 in pancreatic islets is strictly glucose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan J. Carrillo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center (LCC), Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Hua V. Lin
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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