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Rogujski P, Lukomska B, Janowski M, Stanaszek L. Glial-restricted progenitor cells: a cure for diseased brain? Biol Res 2024; 57:8. [PMID: 38475854 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is home to neuronal and glial cells. Traditionally, glia was disregarded as just the structural support across the brain and spinal cord, in striking contrast to neurons, always considered critical players in CNS functioning. In modern times this outdated dogma is continuously repelled by new evidence unravelling the importance of glia in neuronal maintenance and function. Therefore, glia replacement has been considered a potentially powerful therapeutic strategy. Glial progenitors are at the center of this hope, as they are the source of new glial cells. Indeed, sophisticated experimental therapies and exciting clinical trials shed light on the utility of exogenous glia in disease treatment. Therefore, this review article will elaborate on glial-restricted progenitor cells (GRPs), their origin and characteristics, available sources, and adaptation to current therapeutic approaches aimed at various CNS diseases, with particular attention paid to myelin-related disorders with a focus on recent progress and emerging concepts. The landscape of GRP clinical applications is also comprehensively presented, and future perspectives on promising, GRP-based therapeutic strategies for brain and spinal cord diseases are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rogujski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dwivedi S, Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutical growth in oligodendroglial fate induction via transdifferentiation of stem cells for neuroregenerative therapy. Biochimie 2023; 211:35-56. [PMID: 36842627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The merits of stem cell therapy and research are undisputed due to their widespread usage in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and demyelinating disorders. Cell replacement therapy especially revolves around stem cells and their induction into different cell lineages both adult and progenitor - belonging to each germ layer, prior to transplantation or disease modeling studies. The nervous system is abundant in glial cells and among these are oligodendrocytes capable of myelinating new-born neurons and remyelination of axons with lost or damaged myelin sheath. But demyelinating diseases generate tremendous deficit between myelin loss and recovery. To compensate for this loss, analyze the defects in remyelination mechanisms as well as to trigger full recovery in such patients mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been induced to transdifferentiate into oligodendrocytes. But such experiments are riddled with problems like prolonged, tenuous and complicated protocols that stretch longer than the time taken for the spread of demyelination-associated after-effects. This review delves into such protocols and the combinations of different molecules and factors that have been recruited to derive bona fide oligodendrocytes from in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and MSCs with special focus on MSC-derived oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Princy Choudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India.
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Identifying Genes that Affect Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells and Myelination of Mature Oligodendrocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01313-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are characterized by their ability to differentiate into a range of cells, including oligodendrocytes (OLs), neurons, and astrocytes, depending on exogenous stimuli. An efficient and easy directional differentiation method was developed for obtaining large quantities of high-quality of human OL progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLs from NSCs. RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, western blot, label-free proteomic sequencing, and qPCR were performed in OL lines differentiated from NSC lines. The changes in the positive rate of typical proteins were analyzed expressed by NSCs, neurons, astrocytes, OPCs, and OLs. We assessed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to the differentiation of NSCs and the maturation of OLs. The percentage of NSCs differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and OLs was 82.13%, 80.19%, and 90.15%, respectively. We found that nestin, PAX6, Musashi, and vimentin were highly expressed in NSCs; PDGFR-α, A2B5, NG2, OLIG2, SOX10, and NKX2-2 were highly expressed in OPCs; and CNP, GALC, PLP1, and MBP were highly expressed in OLs. RNA sequencing, western blot and qPCR revealed that ERBB4 and SORL1 gradually increased during NSC–OL differentiation. In conclusion, NSCs can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and OLs efficiently. PDGFR-α, APC, ID4, PLLP, and other markers were related to NSC differentiation and OL maturation. Moreover, we refined a screening method for ERBB4 and SORL1, which may underlie NSC differentiation and OL maturation.
Graphical Abstract
Potential unreported genes and proteins may regulate differentiation of human neural stem cells into oligodendrocyte lineage. Neural stem cells (NSCs) can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte (OLs) efficiently. By analyzing the DE mRNAs and proteins of NSCs and OLs lineage, we could identify reported markers and unreported markers of ERBB4 and SORL1 that may underlie regulate NSC differentiation and OL maturation.
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Aly RM, Aglan HA, Eldeen GN, Mahmoud NS, Aboul-Ezz EH, Ahmed HH. Efficient generation of functional pancreatic β cells from dental-derived stem cells via laminin-induced differentiation. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:85. [PMID: 35674918 PMCID: PMC9177930 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to generate functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further explore their therapeutic potential against diabetes mellitus in vivo. MSCs were isolated from human dental pulp and periodontal ligament and were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using laminin-based differentiation protocol for 14 days. Confirmation of IPCs was performed through real-time PCR analysis and insulin release assay. Then, the generated IPCs were labeled with PKH26 dye prior to transplantation in experimental animals. Twenty-eight days later, blood glucose, serum insulin (INS), c-peptide (CP), and visfatin (VF) levels and pancreatic glucagon (GC) level were estimated. Pancreatic forkhead box protein A2 (Foxa2) and SRY-box transcription factor 17 (Sox17), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), and fibroblast growth factor10 (FGF 10) gene expression levels were analyzed. RESULTS Dental stem cells were successfully differentiated into IPCs that demonstrated increased expression of pancreatic endocrine genes. IPCs released insulin after being subjected to high levels of glucose. In vivo findings uncovered that the implanted IPCs triggered significant decrease in blood glucose, serum VF, and pancreatic GC levels with significant increase in serum INS and CP levels. Furthermore, the implanted IPCs provoked significant upregulation in the expression level of pancreatic genes. Histopathological description of the pancreas tissues revealed that transplantation of IPCs ameliorated the destabilization of pancreas tissue architecture. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the significant role of the implantation of IPCs generated from dental-derived stem cells in treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham M Aly
- Basic Dental Science Department, Oral Medicine & Dentistry Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hadeer A Aglan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Hormones Department, Medicine Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour Eldeen
- Molecular Genetics & Enzymology Department, Human Genetic & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Hormones Department, Medicine Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman H Aboul-Ezz
- Basic Dental Science Department, Oral Medicine & Dentistry Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Hormones Department, Medicine Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Sachana M, Willett C, Pistollato F, Bal-Price A. The potential of mechanistic information organised within the AOP framework to increase regulatory uptake of the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro battery of assays. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:159-170. [PMID: 34147625 PMCID: PMC8279093 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo DNT testing for regulatory purposes is not effective. In vitro assays anchored to key neurodevelopmental processes are available. Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways is required to increase mechanistic understanding of DNT effects. DNT Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment for various regulatory purposes should be developed. The OECD Guidance Document on use of in vitro DNT battery of assays is currently under development.
A major challenge in regulatory developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment is lack of toxicological information for many compounds. Therefore, the Test Guidelines programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) took the initiative to coordinate an international collaboration between diverse stakeholders to consider integration of alternative approaches towards improving the current chemical DNT testing. During the past few years, a series of workshops was organized during which a consensus was reached that incorporation of a DNT testing battery that relies on in vitro assays anchored to key neurodevelopmental processes should be developed. These key developmental processes include neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation, neural cell migration, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis and neuronal network formation, as well key events identified in the existing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). AOPs deliver mechanistic information on the causal links between molecular initiating event, intermediate key events and an adverse outcome of regulatory concern, providing the biological context to facilitate development of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for various regulatory purposes. Developing IATA case studies, using mechanistic information derived from AOPs, is expected to increase scientific confidence for the use of in vitro methods within an IATA, thereby facilitating regulatory uptake. This manuscript summarizes the current state of international efforts to enhance DNT testing by using an in vitro battery of assays focusing on the role of AOPs in informing the development of IATA for different regulatory purposes, aiming to deliver an OECD guidance document on use of in vitro DNT battery of assays that include in vitro data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, 1255 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Lanjewar SN, Sloan SA. Growing Glia: Cultivating Human Stem Cell Models of Gliogenesis in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649538. [PMID: 33842475 PMCID: PMC8027322 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia are present in all organisms with a central nervous system but considerably differ in their diversity, functions, and numbers. Coordinated efforts across many model systems have contributed to our understanding of glial-glial and neuron-glial interactions during nervous system development and disease, but human glia exhibit prominent species-specific attributes. Limited access to primary samples at critical developmental timepoints constrains our ability to assess glial contributions in human tissues. This challenge has been addressed throughout the past decade via advancements in human stem cell differentiation protocols that now offer the ability to model human astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Here, we review the use of novel 2D cell culture protocols, 3D organoid models, and bioengineered systems derived from human stem cells to study human glial development and the role of glia in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A. Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Modeling Neurodevelopmental Deficits in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Stem Cell Derived Neural Precursors and Neurons. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32578142 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. TSC is a multi-organ disorder characterized by development of non-malignant cellular overgrowths, called hamartomas, in different organs of the body. TSC is also characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with epilepsy and autism, and formation of cortical malformations ("tubers"), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), and subependymal nodules (SENs) in the patient's brain. In this chapter, we are going to give an overview of neural stem cell and neuronal development in TSC. In addition, we will also describe previously developed animal models of TSC that display seizures, autistic-like behaviors, and neuronal cell abnormalities in vivo, and we will compare them to disease phenotypes detected with human stem cell derived neuronal cells in vitro. We will describe the effects of TSC-mutations in different neural cell subtypes, and discuss the mitochondrial function, autophagy, and synaptic development and functional deficits in the neurons. Finally, we will review utilization of these human TSC-patient derived neuronal models for drug screening to develop new treatment options for the neurological phenotypes seen in TSC patients.
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8
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Chanoumidou K, Mozafari S, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Kuhlmann T. Stem cell derived oligodendrocytes to study myelin diseases. Glia 2019; 68:705-720. [PMID: 31633852 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglial pathology is central to de- and dysmyelinating, but also contributes to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases as well as brain injury. The understanding of oligodendroglial biology in health and disease has been significantly increased during recent years by experimental in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies as well as histological analyses of human tissue samples. However, for many of these diseases the underlying pathology is still not fully understood and treatment options are frequently lacking. This is at least partly caused by the limited access to human oligodendrocytes from patients to perform functional studies and drug screens. The induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) represents a possibility to circumvent this obstacle and paves new ways to study human disease and to develop new treatment options for so far incurable central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we summarize the differences between human and rodent oligodendrocytes, provide an overview of the different techniques to generate oligodendrocytes from human progenitor or stem cells and describe the results from studies using iPSC derived oligodendroglial lineage cells. Furthermore, we discuss future perspectives and challenges of the iPSC technology with respect to disease modeling, drug screen, and cell transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabah Mozafari
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Sorbonne Université UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Sorbonne Université UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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9
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Seidlits SK, Liang J, Bierman RD, Sohrabi A, Karam J, Holley SM, Cepeda C, Walthers CM. Peptide-modified, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as a 3D culture platform for neural stem/progenitor cell engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:704-718. [PMID: 30615255 PMCID: PMC8862560 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC)-based therapies have shown exciting potential for regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and NS/PC cultures represent an important resource for disease modeling and drug screening. However, significant challenges limiting clinical translation remain, such as generating large numbers of cells required for model cultures or transplantation, maintaining physiologically representative phenotypes ex vivo and directing NS/PC differentiation into specific fates. Here, we report that culture of human NS/PCs in 3D, hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich biomaterial microenvironments increased differentiation toward oligodendrocytes and neurons over 2D cultures on laminin-coated glass. Moreover, NS/PCs in 3D culture exhibited a significant reduction in differentiation into reactive astrocytes. Many NS/PC-derived neurons in 3D, HA-based hydrogels expressed synaptophysin, indicating synapse formation, and displayed electrophysiological characteristics of immature neurons. While inclusion of integrin-binding, RGD peptides into hydrogels resulted in a modest increase in numbers of viable NS/PCs, no combination of laminin-derived, adhesive peptides affected differentiation outcomes. Notably, 3D cultures of differentiating NS/PCs were maintained for at least 70 days in medium with minimal growth factor supplementation. In sum, results demonstrate the use of 3D, HA-based biomaterials for long-term expansion and differentiation of NS/PCs toward oligodendroglial and neuronal fates, while inhibiting astroglial fates. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 704-718, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angels, California
- Board Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angels, California
- Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angels, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angels, California
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, UCLA, Los Angels, California
| | - Jesse Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angels, California
| | | | | | - Joshua Karam
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angels, California
| | - Sandra M. Holley
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Hermanto Y, Maki T, Takagi Y, Miyamoto S, Takahashi J. Xeno-free culture for generation of forebrain oligodendrocyte precursor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:828-845. [PMID: 30891830 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) show heterogeneous properties that depend on their location in the central nervous system (CNS). In this regard, the investigation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) should be reconsidered, particularly in cases of brain-predominant disorders for which brain-derived OPCs are more appropriate than spinal cord-derived OPCs. Furthermore, animal-derived components are responsible for culture variability in the derivation and complicate clinical translation. In the present study, we established a xeno-free system to induce forebrain OPCs from hPSCs. We induced human forebrain neural stem cells (NSCs) on Laminin 511-E8 and directed the differentiation to the developmental pathway for forebrain OLs with SHH and FGF signaling. OPCs were characterized by the expression of OLIG2, NKX2.2, SOX10, and PDGFRA, and subsequent maturation into O4+ cells. In vitro characterization showed that >85% of the forebrain OPCs (O4+ ) underwent maturation into OLs (MBP+ ) 3 weeks after mitogen removal. Upon intracranial transplantation, the OPCs survived, dispersed in the corpus callosum, and matured into (GSTπ+ ) OLs in the host brains 3 months after transplantation. These findings suggest our xeno-free induction of forebrain OPCs from hPSCs could accelerate clinical translation for brain-specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulius Hermanto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Sundberg M, Tochitsky I, Buchholz DE, Winden K, Kujala V, Kapur K, Cataltepe D, Turner D, Han MJ, Woolf CJ, Hatten ME, Sahin M. Purkinje cells derived from TSC patients display hypoexcitability and synaptic deficits associated with reduced FMRP levels and reversed by rapamycin. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2167-2183. [PMID: 29449635 PMCID: PMC6093816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cerebellar dysfunction early in life is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying the cerebellar deficits at the cellular level are unclear. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disorder that often presents with ASD. Here, we developed a cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) model of TSC with patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebellar abnormalities in ASD and TSC. Our results show that hiPSC-derived PCs from patients with pathogenic TSC2 mutations displayed mTORC1 pathway hyperactivation, defects in neuronal differentiation and RNA regulation, hypoexcitability and reduced synaptic activity when compared with those derived from controls. Our gene expression analyses revealed downregulation of several components of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) targets in TSC2-deficient hiPSC-PCs. We detected decreased expression of FMRP, glutamate receptor δ2 (GRID2), and pre- and post-synaptic markers such as synaptophysin and PSD95 in the TSC2-deficient hiPSC-PCs. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin rescued the deficits in differentiation, synaptic dysfunction, and hypoexcitability of TSC2 mutant hiPSC-PCs in vitro. Our findings suggest that these gene expression changes and cellular abnormalities contribute to aberrant PC function during development in TSC affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sundberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Buchholz
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kellen Winden
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ville Kujala
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kush Kapur
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Cataltepe
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daria Turner
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min-Joon Han
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Dolci S, Pino A, Berton V, Gonzalez P, Braga A, Fumagalli M, Bonfanti E, Malpeli G, Pari F, Zorzin S, Amoroso C, Moscon D, Rodriguez FJ, Fumagalli G, Bifari F, Decimo I. High Yield of Adult Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Obtained from Meningeal Biopsy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:703. [PMID: 29075188 PMCID: PMC5643910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte loss can lead to cognitive and motor deficits. Current remyelinating therapeutic strategies imply either modulation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursors or transplantation of in vitro expanded oligodendrocytes. Cell therapy, however, still lacks identification of an adequate source of oligodendrocyte present in adulthood and able to efficiently produce transplantable cells. Recently, a neural stem cell-like population has been identified in meninges. We developed a protocol to obtain high yield of oligodendrocyte lineage cells from one single biopsy of adult rat meningeal tissue. From 1 cm2 of adult rat spinal cord meninges, we efficiently expanded a homogenous culture of 10 millions of meningeal-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells in a short period of time (approximately 4 weeks). Meningeal-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells show typical mature oligodendrocyte morphology and express specific oligodendrocyte markers, such as galactosylceramidase and myelin basic protein. Moreover, when transplanted in a chemically demyelinated spinal cord model, meningeal-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells display in vivo-remyelinating potential. This oligodendrocyte lineage cell population derives from an accessible and adult source, being therefore a promising candidate for autologous cell therapy of demyelinating diseases. In addition, the described method to differentiate meningeal-derived neural stem cells into oligodendrocyte lineage cells may represent a valid in vitro model to dissect oligodendrocyte differentiation and to screen for drugs capable to promote oligodendrocyte regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissi Dolci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annachiara Pino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Berton
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pau Gonzalez
- Group of Molecular Neurology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alice Braga
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Malpeli
- Section of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Pari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Zorzin
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Clelia Amoroso
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Denny Moscon
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Guido Fumagalli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Hyysalo A, Ristola M, Joki T, Honkanen M, Vippola M, Narkilahti S. Aligned Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibers Guide the Orientation and Migration of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Hyysalo
- NeuroGroup; BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 FI-33520 Tampere Finland
| | - Mervi Ristola
- NeuroGroup; BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 FI-33520 Tampere Finland
| | - Tiina Joki
- NeuroGroup; BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 FI-33520 Tampere Finland
| | - Mari Honkanen
- Department of Materials Science; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 6 FI-33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Minnamari Vippola
- Department of Materials Science; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 6 FI-33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup; BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 FI-33520 Tampere Finland
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14
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Neural Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Sypecka J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Dragun-Szymczak P, Zalewska T. A simple, xeno-free method for oligodendrocyte generation from human neural stem cells derived from umbilical cord: engagement of gelatinases in cell commitment and differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1442-1455. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Patrycja Dragun-Szymczak
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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16
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Terzic D, Maxon JR, Krevitt L, DiBartolomeo C, Goyal T, Low WC, Dutton JR, Parr AM. Directed Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:411-24. [PMID: 25955415 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, the leukodystrophies, and traumatic injury, result in loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders may benefit from cell-based therapies that prevent further demyelination or are able to restore lost myelin. One potential therapeutic strategy for these disorders is the manufacture of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It has been proposed that OPCs could be transplanted into demyelinated or dysmyelinated regions of the CNS, where they would migrate to the area of injury before terminally differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes. OPCs derived from mouse iPSCs are particularly useful for modeling this therapeutic approach and for studying the biology of oligodendrocyte progenitors because of the availability of mouse models of neurological disorders associated with myelin deficiency. Moreover, the utility of miPSC-derived OPCs would be significantly enhanced by the adoption of a consistent, reproducible differentiation protocol that allows OPCs derived from different cell lines to be robustly characterized and compared. Here we describe a standardized, defined protocol that reliably directs the differentiation of miPSCs to generate high yields of OPCs that are capable of maturing into oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Terzic
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Brändl B, Schneider SA, Loring JF, Hardy J, Gribbon P, Müller FJ. Stem cell reprogramming: basic implications and future perspective for movement disorders. Mov Disord 2014; 30:301-12. [PMID: 25546831 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of stem cell-associated molecular factors into human patient-derived cells allows for their reprogramming in the laboratory environment. As a result, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can now be reprogrammed epigenetically without disruption of their overall genomic integrity. For patients with neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive loss of functional neurons, the ability to reprogram any individual's cells and drive their differentiation toward susceptible neuronal subtypes holds great promise. Apart from applications in regenerative medicine and cell replacement-based therapy, hiPSCs are increasingly used in preclinical research for establishing disease models and screening for drug toxicities. The rapid developments in this field prompted us to review recent progress toward the applications of stem cell technologies for movement disorders. We introduce reprogramming strategies and explain the critical steps in the differentiation of hiPSCs to clinical relevant subtypes of cells in the context of movement disorders. We summarize and discuss recent discoveries in this field, which, based on the rapidly expanding basic science literature as well as upcoming trends in personalized medicine, will strongly influence the future therapeutic options available to practitioners working with patients suffering from such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Brändl
- Center for Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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18
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Abbaszadeh HA, Tiraihi T, Delshad A, Saghedizadeh M, Taheri T, Kazemi H, Hassoun HK. Differentiation of neurosphere-derived rat neural stem cells into oligodendrocyte-like cells by repressing PDGF-α and Olig2 with triiodothyronine. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:462-9. [PMID: 25200619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the approaches for treating demyelination diseases is cytotherapy, and adult stem cells are potential sources. In this investigation, we tried to increase the yield of oligodendrocyte-like cells (OLCs) by inducing neural stem cells generated from BMSCs-derived neurospheres, which were used for deriving the neural stem cells (NSCs). The latter were induced into OLCs by heregulin, PDGF-AA, bFGF and triiodothyronine (T3). The BMSCs, NS, NSCs and OLCs were characterized by using immunocytochemistry for fibronectin, CD44, CD90, CD45, Oct-4, O4, Olig2, O1 and MBP markers. PDGF receptor α (PDGFR-α), Olig2 and MOG expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. The BMSCs expressed CD44, CD90, CD106 and Oct-4; the NSCs were immunoreactive to nestin and neurofilament 68. Incubation of the NSCs for 4 days with heregulin, PDGF-AA and bFGF resulted in their induction into oligodendrocyte progenitor-like cells (OPLCs), which immunoreacted to O4, Olig2 and O1, while Olig2 and PDGFR-α were detected by RT-PCR. Replacing heregulin, PDGF-AA and bFGF with T3 for 6 days resulted in repression of O4, O1, Olig2 and PDGFR-α. The OLCs were co-cultured with motoneurons resulted in induction of MOG and MBP, which were expressed in functional OLCs. The latter can be generated from BMSCs-derive NS with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran; Shefa Neurosciences Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Majid Saghedizadeh
- Department of genetics, School of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Taheri
- Shefa Neurosciences Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Kazemi
- Shefa Neurosciences Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hayder K Hassoun
- Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center, Kufa University,College of Medicine, Annajaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq
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19
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Nguyen HX, Nekanti U, Haus DL, Funes G, Moreno D, Kamei N, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Induction of early neural precursors and derivation of tripotent neural stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno-free conditions. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2767-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hal X. Nguyen
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Usha Nekanti
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Daniel L. Haus
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Gabrielle Funes
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Denisse Moreno
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Aileen J. Anderson
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
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20
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Li Y, Liu M, Yan Y, Yang ST. Neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells: The role of natural and synthetic extracellular matrix. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:11-23. [PMID: 24567784 PMCID: PMC3927010 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a powerful tool for drug screening, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. High-purity oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been derived from PSCs recently due to the advancements in understanding the developmental signaling pathways. Extracellular matrices (ECM) have been shown to play important roles in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural cells. To improve the function and maturation of the derived neural cells from PSCs, understanding the effects of ECM over the course of neural differentiation of PSCs is critical. During neural differentiation of PSCs, the cells are sensitive to the properties of natural or synthetic ECMs, including biochemical composition, biomechanical properties, and structural/topographical features. This review summarizes recent advances in neural differentiation of human PSCs into OPCs and NPCs, focusing on the role of ECM in modulating the composition and function of the differentiated cells. Especially, the importance of using three-dimensional ECM scaffolds to simulate the in vivo microenvironment for neural differentiation of PSCs is highlighted. Future perspectives including the immediate applications of PSC-derived neural cells in drug screening and disease modeling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Yan Li, Yuanwei Yan, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Meimei Liu
- Yan Li, Yuanwei Yan, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Yuanwei Yan
- Yan Li, Yuanwei Yan, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Yan Li, Yuanwei Yan, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
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21
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Sundberg M, Isacson O. Advances in stem-cell–generated transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:437-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.876986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Alsanie WF, Niclis JC, Petratos S. Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes: protocols and perspectives. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2459-76. [PMID: 23621561 PMCID: PMC3760471 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes play a fundamental supportive role in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) as the myelinating-glial cells. Disruption of fast axonal transport mechanisms can occur as a consequence of mature oligodendrocyte loss following spinal cord injury, stroke, or due to neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis. As a result of the limited remyelination ability in the CNS after injury or disease, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may prove to be a promising option for the generation and replacement of mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, hESC-derived oligodendrocytes may be experimentally utilized to unravel fundamental questions of oligodendrocyte development, along with their therapeutic potential through growth factor support of axons and neurons. However, an intensive characterization and examination of hESC-derived oligodendrocytes prior to preclinical or clinical trials is required to facilitate greater success in their integration following cellular replacement therapy (CRT). Currently, the protocols utilized to derive oligodendrocytes from hESCs consist of significant variations in culture style, time-length of differentiation, and the provision of growth factors in culture. Further, these differing protocols also report disparate patterns in the expression of oligodendroglial markers by these derived oligodendrocytes, throughout their differentiation in culture. We have comprehensively reviewed the published protocols describing the derivation of oligodendrocytes from hESCs and the studies that examine their efficacy to remyelinate, along with the fundamental issues of their safety as a viable CRT. Additionally, this review will highlight particular issues of concern and suggestions for troubleshooting to provide investigators critical information for the future improvement of establishing in vitro hESC-derived oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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23
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Li Y, Gautam A, Yang J, Qiu L, Melkoumian Z, Weber J, Telukuntla L, Srivastava R, Whiteley EM, Brandenberger R. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells on vitronectin-derived synthetic peptide acrylate surface. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1497-505. [PMID: 23249362 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are being studied for cell replacement therapies, including the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Current methods of differentiating OPCs from hESCs require complex, animal-derived biological extracellular matrices (ECMs). Defined, low-cost, robust, and scalable culture methods will need to be developed for the widespread deployment and commercialization of hESC-derived cell therapies. Here we describe a defined culture system that uses a vitronectin-derived synthetic peptide acrylate surface (VN-PAS; commercially available as Corning(®) Synthemax(®) surface) in combination with a defined culture medium for hESC growth and differentiation to OPCs. We show that synthetic VN-PAS supports OPC attachment and differentiation, and that hESCs grown on VN-PAS are able to differentiate into OPCs on VN-PAS. Compared to OPCs derived from hESCs grown on ECM of animal origin, higher levels of NG2, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by OPCs, were observed in OPCs differentiated from H1 hESCs grown on VN-PAS, while the expression levels of Nestin and PDGFRα were comparable. In summary, this study demonstrates that synthetic VN-PAS can replace complex, animal-origin ECM to support OPC differentiation from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Geron Corporation , Menlo Park, California, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Neural stem cells are the origins of neurons and glia and generate all the differentiated neural cells of the mammalian central nervous system via the formation of intermediate precursors. Although less frequent, neural stem cells persevere in the postnatal brain where they generate neurons and glia. Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in a few limited brain regions. Regulation of neural stem cell number during central nervous system development and in adult life is associated with rigorous control. Failure in this regulation may lead to e.g. brain malformation, impaired learning and memory, or tumor development. Signaling pathways that are perturbed in glioma are the same that are important for neural stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival, and migration. The heterogeneity of human gliomas has impeded efficient treatment, but detailed molecular characterization together with novel stem cell-like glioma cell models that reflect the original tumor gives opportunities for research into new therapies. The observation that neural stem cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro has opened new avenues for medical research, with the hope that they could be used to compensate the loss of cells that features in several severe neurological diseases. Multipotent neural stem cells can be isolated from the embryonic and adult brain and maintained in culture in a defined medium. In addition, neural stem cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation, thus adding to available models to study stem cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bergström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Watson RA, Yeung TM. What is the potential of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to successfully treat human spinal cord injury? BMC Neurol 2011; 11:113. [PMID: 21943254 PMCID: PMC3189870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury is a serious and debilitating condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. Long seen as a permanent injury, recent advances in stem cell research have brought closer the possibility of repairing the spinal cord. One such approach involves injecting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, derived from human embryonic stem cells, into the injured spinal cord in the hope that they will initiate repair. A phase I clinical trial of this therapy was started in mid 2010 and is currently underway. Discussion The theory underlying this approach is that these myelinating progenitors will phenotypically replace myelin lost during injury whilst helping to promote a repair environment in the lesion. However, the importance of demyelination in the pathogenesis of human spinal cord injury is a contentious issue and a body of literature suggests that it is only a minor factor in the overall injury process. Summary This review examines the validity of the theory underpinning the on-going clinical trial as well as analysing published data from animal models and finally discussing issues surrounding safety and purity in order to assess the potential of this approach to successfully treat acute human spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Watson
- Green Templeton College, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HG, UK.
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