1
|
Blurton-Jones M, Spencer B, Michael S, Castello NA, Agazaryan AA, Davis JL, Müller FJ, Loring JF, Masliah E, LaFerla FM. Correction: Neural stem cells genetically-modified to express neprilysin reduce pathology in Alzheimer transgenic models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:88. [PMID: 38523285 PMCID: PMC10962161 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sara Michael
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas A Castello
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andranik A Agazaryan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Joy L Davis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Psychiatry (ZIP Kiel), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hills R, Mossman JA, Bratt-Leal AM, Tran H, Williams RM, Stouffer DG, Sokolova IV, Sanna PP, Loring JF, Lelos MJ. Neurite Outgrowth and Gene Expression Profile Correlate with Efficacy of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopamine Neuron Grafts. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:387-397. [PMID: 37166357 PMCID: PMC10398740 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic (iPSC-DA) neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess optimal cell characteristics and reproducibility, we evaluated the efficacy of iPSC-DA neuron precursors from two individuals with sporadic PD by transplantation into a hemiparkinsonian rat model after differentiation for either 18 (d18) or 25 days (d25). We found similar graft size and dopamine (DA) neuron content in both groups, but only the d18 cells resulted in recovery of motor impairments. In contrast, we report that d25 grafts survived equally as well and produced grafts rich in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons, but were incapable of alleviating any motor deficits. We identified the mechanism of action as the extent of neurite outgrowth into the host brain, with d18 grafts supporting significantly more neurite outgrowth than nonfunctional d25 grafts. RNAseq analysis of the cell preparation suggests that graft efficacy may be enhanced by repression of differentiation-associated genes by REST, defining the optimal predifferentiation state for transplantation. This study demonstrates for the first time that DA neuron grafts can survive well in vivo while completely lacking the capacity to induce recovery from motor dysfunction. In contrast to other recent studies, we demonstrate that neurite outgrowth is the key factor determining graft efficacy and our gene expression profiling revealed characteristics of the cells that may predict their efficacy. These data have implication for the generation of DA neuron grafts for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hills
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jim A. Mossman
- Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Del Mar, California, USA
| | - Andres M. Bratt-Leal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Summit for Stem Cell Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ha Tran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Summit for Stem Cell Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roy M. Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David G. Stouffer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Irina V. Sokolova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pietro P. Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mariah J. Lelos
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fakunle ES, Pratola VG, Peterson SE, Loring JF, Madanat H. The Promoting Equity in Stem Cell Genomics Survey. Regen Med 2022; 17:203-218. [PMID: 35255713 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine knowledge and attitudes toward induced pluripotent stem cell technology and biobanking. Methods: A survey instrument was developed to determine individuals' knowledge of and attitudes toward these technologies. Results: Results from 276 ethnically diverse participants who took the online survey demonstrated significant associations (p ≤ 0. 05) in knowledge by ethnicity and race regarding properties of stem cells, different types of stem cells and previous sample donation behavior. Significantly more Whites 39% (n = 53) compared with Blacks or African-Americans 19.2% (n = 14) had previous knowledge of induced pluripotent stem cells (χ2 = 8.544; p = 0.003) Conclusion: Overall, White race was associated with greater knowledge about stem cells and biobanks and greater willingness to donate samples for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyitayo S Fakunle
- Founder at IFASEMB & Ilera "I am Pluripotent", Chandler, AZ 85286, USA.,Currently employed at Covis Pharmaceuticals, Grafenauweg 12, 6300 Zug, Switzerland.,J. Orin Edson Entrepreneurship + Innovation Institute, Venture Devils Program for startups, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Victoria Glenn Pratola
- The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Suzanne E Peterson
- The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.,Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Hala Madanat
- Interim Vice President for Research and Innovation, Distinguished Professor, School of Public Health, Core Investigator, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang A, Sokolova I, Domissy A, Davis J, Rao L, Hana Utami K, Wang Y, Hagerman RJ, Pouladi MA, Sanna P, Boland MJ, Loring JF. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:613-629. [PMID: 35556144 PMCID: PMC9216490 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5ʹ-UTR of the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR1) gene. Epigenetic silencing of FMR1 results in loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Although most studies to date have focused on excitatory neurons, recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory networks are also affected. To investigate human GABAergic neurogenesis, we established a method to reproducibly derive inhibitory neurons from multiple FXS and control human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. Electrophysiological analyses suggested that the developing FXS neurons had a delay in the GABA functional switch, a transition in fetal development that converts the GABAA channel’s function from depolarization to hyperpolarization, with profound effects on the developing brain. To investigate the cause of this delay, we analyzed 14 400 single-cell transcriptomes from FXS and control cells at 2 stages of GABAergic neurogenesis. While control and FXS cells were similar at the earlier time point, the later-stage FXS cells retained expression of neuroblast proliferation-associated genes and had lower levels of genes associated with action potential regulation, synapses, and mitochondria compared with controls. Our analysis suggests that loss of FMRP prolongs the proliferative stage of progenitors, which may result in more neurons remaining immature during the later stages of neurogenesis. This could have profound implications for homeostatic excitatory-inhibitory circuit development in FXS, and suggests a novel direction for understanding disease mechanisms that may help to guide therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Aspen Neuroscience, Inc.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irina Sokolova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alain Domissy
- Center for Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Davis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee Rao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kagistia Hana Utami
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pietro Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Corresponding author: Jeanne F. Loring, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma A, Clemens RA, Garcia O, Taylor DL, Wagner NL, Shepard KA, Gupta A, Malany S, Grodzinsky AJ, Kearns-Jonker M, Mair DB, Kim DH, Roberts MS, Loring JF, Hu J, Warren LE, Eenmaa S, Bozada J, Paljug E, Roth M, Taylor DP, Rodrigue G, Cantini P, Smith AW, Giulianotti MA, Wagner WR. Biomanufacturing in low Earth orbit for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:1-13. [PMID: 34971562 PMCID: PMC8758939 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in low Earth orbit (LEO) has become more accessible. The 2020 Biomanufacturing in Space Symposium reviewed space-based regenerative medicine research and discussed leveraging LEO to advance biomanufacturing for regenerative medicine applications. The symposium identified areas where financial investments could stimulate advancements overcoming technical barriers. Opportunities in disease modeling, stem-cell-derived products, and biofabrication were highlighted. The symposium will initiate a roadmap to a sustainable market for regenerative medicine biomanufacturing in space. This perspective summarizes the 2020 Biomanufacturing in Space Symposium, highlights key biomanufacturing opportunities in LEO, and lays the framework for a roadmap to regenerative medicine biomanufacturing in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Orquidea Garcia
- Johnson & Johnson 3D Printing Innovation & Customer Solutions, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kelly A Shepard
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | | | - Jianying Hu
- Center for Computational Health IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara E Warren
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Sven Eenmaa
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Joe Bozada
- Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric Paljug
- Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Rodrigue
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Patrick Cantini
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia W Smith
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Marc A Giulianotti
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, Inc, Melbourne, FL, USA.
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Surgery, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Korody ML, Ford SM, Nguyen TD, Pivaroff CG, Valiente-Alandi I, Peterson SE, Ryder OA, Loring JF. Rewinding Extinction in the Northern White Rhinoceros: Genetically Diverse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Bank for Genetic Rescue. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:177-189. [PMID: 33406994 PMCID: PMC7891310 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction rates are rising, and current conservation technologies may not be adequate for reducing species losses. Future conservation efforts may be aided by the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from highly endangered species. Generation of a set of iPSCs from multiple members of a species can capture some of the dwindling genetic diversity of a disappearing species. We generated iPSCs from fibroblasts cryopreserved in the Frozen Zoo®: nine genetically diverse individuals of the functionally extinct northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) and two from the closely related southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). We used a nonintegrating Sendai virus reprogramming method and developed analyses to confirm the cells' pluripotency and differentiation potential. This work is the first step of a long-term interdisciplinary plan to apply assisted reproduction techniques to the conservation of this highly endangered species. Advances in iPSC differentiation may enable generation of gametes in vitro from deceased and nonreproductive individuals that could be used to repopulate the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Korody
- San Diego Zoo Global, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Ford
- San Diego Zoo Global, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, USA
| | - Thomas D Nguyen
- San Diego Zoo Global, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cullen G Pivaroff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Iñigo Valiente-Alandi
- San Diego Zoo Global, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, USA
| | - Suzanne E Peterson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Global, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nazor KL, Loring JF, Laurent LC. Equally potent?: Does cellular reprogramming justify the abandonment of human embryonic stem cells? EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50417. [PMID: 32374523 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
8
|
Chen C, Jiang P, Xue H, Peterson SE, Tran HT, McCann AE, Parast MM, Li S, Pleasure DE, Laurent LC, Loring JF, Liu Y, Deng W. Author Correction: Role of astroglia in Down's syndrome revealed by patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1070. [PMID: 32081845 PMCID: PMC7035289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Suzanne E Peterson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Ha T Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Anna E McCann
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - David E Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA. .,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95817, USA. .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kurian L, Sancho-Martinez I, Nivet E, Aguirre A, Moon K, Pendaries C, Volle-Challier C, Bono F, Herbert JM, Pulecio J, Xia Y, Li M, Montserrat N, Ruiz S, Dubova I, Rodriguez C, Denli AM, Boscolo FS, Thiagarajan RD, Gage FH, Loring JF, Laurent LC, Belmonte JCI. Author Correction: Conversion of human fibroblasts to angioblast-like progenitor cells. Nat Methods 2020; 17:353. [PMID: 32034376 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kurian
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ignacio Sancho-Martinez
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Krystal Moon
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian Pulecio
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yun Xia
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Sergio Ruiz
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ilir Dubova
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ahmet M Denli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca S Boscolo
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rathi D Thiagarajan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Loring JF. Wind-down of stem-cell institute leaves a void. Nature 2019; 572:155. [PMID: 31391566 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-02346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Kim JH, Alderton A, Crook JM, Benvenisty N, Brandsten C, Firpo M, Harrison PW, Kawamata S, Kawase E, Kurtz A, Loring JF, Ludwig T, Man J, Mountford JC, Turner ML, Oh S, da Veiga Pereira L, Pranke P, Sheldon M, Steeg R, Sullivan S, Yaffe M, Zhou Q, Stacey GN. A Report from a Workshop of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Held in Collaboration of Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, 2017. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1130-1135. [PMID: 31021472 PMCID: PMC7187460 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This report summarizes the recent activity of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative held at Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA, on June 18, 2017. In this meeting, we aimed to find consensus on ongoing issues of quality control (QC), safety, and efficacy of human pluripotent stem cell banks and their derivative cell therapy products for the global harmonization. In particular, assays for the QC testing such as pluripotency assays test and general QC testing criteria were intensively discussed. Moreover, the recent activities of global stem cell banking centers and the regulatory bodies were briefly summarized to provide an overview on global developments and issues. stem cells2019;37:1130–1135
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Alex Alderton
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Meri Firpo
- Cell Line Development Memphis Meats, Berkeley, California, USA.,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter W Harrison
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biological Research and Innovation (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, WiCell Stem Cell Bank, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Man
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom.,Adaptimmune Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc L Turner
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,The Jack Copland Centre, Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Oh
- National Laboratory for Embryonic Stem Cells (LaNCE), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lygia da Veiga Pereira
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Roslin Innovation Centre, Censo Biotechnologies Ltd, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Sullivan
- The Jack Copland Centre, Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Yaffe
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Royston, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ekholm-Reed S, Baker R, Campos AR, Stouffer D, Henze M, Wolf DA, Loring JF, Thomas EA, Reed SI. Reducing Mcl-1 gene dosage induces dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor impairments in Park2 knockout mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:125. [PMID: 30963113 PMCID: PMC6449387 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PARK2 gene are associated with early onset Parkinsonism. The Park2 -/- mouse, however, does not exhibit neurodegeneration or other Parkinson's disease (PD) phenotypes. Previously, we discovered that translation of Mcl-1, a pro-survival factor, is upregulated in the Park2 -/- mouse, suggesting a compensatory mechanism during development. Here we generated the Park2 -/- Mcl-1 +/- mouse and show that by reducing Mcl-1 gene dosage by 50%, the Park2 -/- genotype is sensitized, conferring both dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairments. We propose that this murine model could be a useful tool for dissecting PD etiology and developing treatment strategies against this neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ekholm-Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Robert Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Alexandre R. Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 02037 USA
| | - David Stouffer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Martha Henze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Dieter A. Wolf
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 02037 USA
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Steven I. Reed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Colunga T, Hayworth M, Kreß S, Reynolds DM, Chen L, Nazor KL, Baur J, Singh AM, Loring JF, Metzger M, Dalton S. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Multipotent Vascular Progenitors of the Mesothelium Lineage Have Utility in Tissue Engineering and Repair. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2566-2579.e10. [PMID: 30840882 PMCID: PMC6585464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report we describe a human pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular progenitor (MesoT) cell of the mesothelium lineage. MesoT cells are multipotent and generate smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes and self-assemble into vessel-like networks in vitro. MesoT cells transplanted into mechanically damaged neonatal mouse heart migrate into the injured tissue and contribute to nascent coronary vessels in the repair zone. When seeded onto decellularized vascular scaffolds, MesoT cells differentiate into the major vascular lineages and self-assemble into vasculature capable of supporting peripheral blood flow following transplantation. These findings demonstrate in vivo functionality and the potential utility of MesoT cells in vascular engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Colunga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Miranda Hayworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Sebastian Kreß
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David M Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Luoman Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Kristopher L Nazor
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johannes Baur
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amar M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marco Metzger
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Therapies TLZ-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurtz A, Seltmann S, Bairoch A, Bittner MS, Bruce K, Capes-Davis A, Clarke L, Crook JM, Daheron L, Dewender J, Faulconbridge A, Fujibuchi W, Gutteridge A, Hei DJ, Kim YO, Kim JH, Kokocinski AK, Lekschas F, Lomax GP, Loring JF, Ludwig T, Mah N, Matsui T, Müller R, Parkinson H, Sheldon M, Smith K, Stachelscheid H, Stacey G, Streeter I, Veiga A, Xu RH. A Standard Nomenclature for Referencing and Authentication of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1-6. [PMID: 29320760 PMCID: PMC5768986 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unambiguous cell line authentication is essential to avoid loss of association between data and cells. The risk for loss of references increases with the rapidity that new human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines are generated, exchanged, and implemented. Ideally, a single name should be used as a generally applied reference for each cell line to access and unify cell-related information across publications, cell banks, cell registries, and databases and to ensure scientific reproducibility. We discuss the needs and requirements for such a unique identifier and implement a standard nomenclature for hPSCs, which can be automatically generated and registered by the human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg). To avoid ambiguities in PSC-line referencing, we strongly urge publishers to demand registration and use of the standard name when publishing research based on hPSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kurtz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Seltmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Amos Bairoch
- CALIPHO group, University of Geneva and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Sophie Bittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Kevin Bruce
- Roslin Cells Limited and EBiSC, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute (CMRI), Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Johannes Dewender
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Adam Faulconbridge
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Derek J Hei
- Waisman Biomanufacturing, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yong-Ou Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Fritz Lekschas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Geoffrey P Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lake Merritt Plaza, 1999 Harrison Street STE 1650, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road SP30-3021, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute (WiCell Stem Cell Bank), Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Nancy Mah
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Keio University School of Medicine, the Center for Medical Genetics, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Robert Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8009, USA
| | - Kelly Smith
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, International Stem Cell Registry, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Stem Cell Core Unit, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control a Centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Barley, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anna Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mangale V, McIntyre LL, Walsh CM, Loring JF, Lane TE. Promoting remyelination through cell transplantation therapies in a model of viral-induced neurodegenerative disease. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:43-52. [PMID: 30067309 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Infiltration of activated lymphocytes and myeloid cells are thought to be primarily responsible for white matter damage and axonopathy. Several United States Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies exist that impede activated lymphocytes from entering the CNS thereby limiting new lesion formation in patients with relapse-remitting forms of MS. However, a significant challenge within the field of MS research is to develop effective and sustained therapies that allow for axonal protection and remyelination. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that some kinds of stem cells and their derivatives seem to be able to mute neuroinflammation as well as promote remyelination and axonal integrity. Intracranial infection of mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in immune-mediated demyelination and axonopathy, making this an excellent model to interrogate the therapeutic potential of stem cell derivatives in evoking remyelination. This review provides a succinct overview of our recent findings using intraspinal injection of mouse CNS neural progenitor cells and human neural precursors into JHMV-infected mice. JHMV-infected mice receiving these cells display extensive remyelination associated with axonal sparing. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms associated with sustained clinical recovery. Developmental Dynamics 248:43-52, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sugarman J, Shivakumar S, Rook M, Loring JF, Rehmann-Sutter C, Taupitz J, Reinhard-Rupp J, Hildemann S. Ethical Considerations in the Manufacture, Sale, and Distribution of Genome Editing Technologies. Am J Bioeth 2018; 18:3-6. [PMID: 30133390 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2018.1489653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jochen Taupitz
- e Institute for German, European and International Medical Law, Public Health Law and Bioethics of the Universities of Heidelberg and Mannheim
| | | | - Steven Hildemann
- g University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, and Merck KGaA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne F. Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Allison TF, Andrews PW, Avior Y, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Bock C, Brehm J, Brüstle O, Damjanov I, Elefanty A, Felkner D, Gokhale PJ, Halbritter F, Healy LE, Hu TX, Knowles BB, Loring JF, Ludwig TE, Mayberry R, Micallef S, Mohamed JS, Müller FJ, Mummery CL, Nakatsuji N, Ng ES, Oh SKW, O’Shea O, Pera MF, Reubinoff B, Robson P, Rossant J, Schuldt BM, Solter D, Sourris K, Stacey G, Stanley EG, Suemori H, Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Assessment of established techniques to determine developmental and malignant potential of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1925. [PMID: 29765017 PMCID: PMC5954055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Stem Cell Initiative compared several commonly used approaches to assess human pluripotent stem cells (PSC). PluriTest predicts pluripotency through bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptomes of undifferentiated cells, whereas, embryoid body (EB) formation in vitro and teratoma formation in vivo provide direct tests of differentiation. Here we report that EB assays, analyzed after differentiation under neutral conditions and under conditions promoting differentiation to ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm lineages, are sufficient to assess the differentiation potential of PSCs. However, teratoma analysis by histologic examination and by TeratoScore, which estimates differential gene expression in each tumor, not only measures differentiation but also allows insight into a PSC's malignant potential. Each of the assays can be used to predict pluripotent differentiation potential but, at this stage of assay development, only the teratoma assay provides an assessment of pluripotency and malignant potential, which are both relevant to the pre-clinical safety assessment of PSCs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim JH, Kurtz A, Yuan BZ, Zeng F, Lomax G, Loring JF, Crook J, Ju JH, Clarke L, Inamdar MS, Pera M, Firpo MT, Sheldon M, Rahman N, O'Shea O, Pranke P, Zhou Q, Isasi R, Rungsiwiwut R, Kawamata S, Oh S, Ludwig T, Masui T, Novak TJ, Takahashi T, Fujibuchi W, Koo SK, Stacey GN. Report of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative Workshop Activity: Current Hurdles and Progress in Seed-Stock Banking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1956-1962. [PMID: 29067781 PMCID: PMC6430055 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the recent activity of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) held at the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in California (June 26, 2016) and the Korean National Institutes for Health in Korea (October 19-20, 2016). Through the workshops, ISCBI is endeavoring to support a new paradigm for human medicine using pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) for cell therapies. Priority considerations for ISCBI include ensuring the safety and efficacy of a final cell therapy product and quality assured source materials, such as stem cells and primary donor cells. To these ends, ISCBI aims to promote global harmonization on quality and safety control of stem cells for research and the development of starting materials for cell therapies, with regular workshops involving hPSC banking centers, biologists, and regulatory bodies. Here, we provide a brief overview of two such recent activities, with summaries of key issues raised. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1956-1962.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Korea Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH), Osong, South Korea
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Yuan
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geoff Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maneesha S Inamdar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Meri T Firpo
- Stem Cell Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Orla O'Shea
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, UK
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Steve Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Korea Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH), Osong, South Korea
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peterson SE, Garitaonandia I, Loring JF. The tumorigenic potential of pluripotent stem cells: What can we do to minimize it? Bioessays 2017; 38 Suppl 1:S86-95. [PMID: 27417126 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to fundamentally change the way that we go about treating and understanding human disease. Despite this extraordinary potential, these cells also have an innate capability to form tumors in immunocompromised individuals when they are introduced in their pluripotent state. Although current therapeutic strategies involve transplantation of only differentiated hPSC derivatives, there is still a concern that transplanted cell populations could contain a small percentage of cells that are not fully differentiated. In addition, these cells have been frequently reported to acquire genetic alterations that, in some cases, are associated with certain types of human cancers. Here, we try to separate the panic from reality and rationally evaluate the true tumorigenic potential of these cells. We also discuss a recent study examining the effect of culture conditions on the genetic integrity of hPSCs. Finally, we present a set of sensible guidelines for minimizing the tumorigenic potential of hPSC-derived cells. © 2016 The Authors. Inside the Cell published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Peterson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ibon Garitaonandia
- Department of Neurogenetics, International Stem Cell Corporation, Oceanside, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boland MJ, Nazor KL, Tran HT, Szücs A, Lynch CL, Paredes R, Tassone F, Sanna PP, Hagerman RJ, Loring JF. Molecular analyses of neurogenic defects in a human pluripotent stem cell model of fragile X syndrome. Brain 2017; 140:582-598. [PMID: 28137726 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New research suggests that common pathways are altered in many neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder; however, little is known about early molecular events that contribute to the pathology of these diseases. The study of monogenic, neurodevelopmental disorders with a high incidence of autistic behaviours, such as fragile X syndrome, has the potential to identify genes and pathways that are dysregulated in autism spectrum disorder as well as fragile X syndrome. In vitro generation of human disease-relevant cell types provides the ability to investigate aspects of disease that are impossible to study in patients or animal models. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates development of the neocortex, an area affected in both fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. We have generated induced human pluripotent stem cells from several individuals clinically diagnosed with fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. When differentiated to dorsal forebrain cell fates, our fragile X syndrome human pluripotent stem cell lines exhibited reproducible aberrant neurogenic phenotypes. Using global gene expression and DNA methylation profiling, we have analysed the early stages of neurogenesis in fragile X syndrome human pluripotent stem cells. We discovered aberrant DNA methylation patterns at specific genomic regions in fragile X syndrome cells, and identified dysregulated gene- and network-level correlates of fragile X syndrome that are associated with developmental signalling, cell migration, and neuronal maturation. Integration of our gene expression and epigenetic analysis identified altered epigenetic-mediated transcriptional regulation of a distinct set of genes in fragile X syndrome. These fragile X syndrome-aberrant networks are significantly enriched for genes associated with autism spectrum disorder, giving support to the idea that underlying similarities exist among these neurodevelopmental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boland
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristopher L Nazor
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ha T Tran
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Attila Szücs
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,MTA-ELTE NAP-B Neuronal Cell Biology Group, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Candace L Lynch
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryder Paredes
- CIRM Bridges to Stem Cells Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Pietro Paolo Sanna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Panopoulos AD, D'Antonio M, Benaglio P, Williams R, Hashem SI, Schuldt BM, DeBoever C, Arias AD, Garcia M, Nelson BC, Harismendy O, Jakubosky DA, Donovan MKR, Greenwald WW, Farnam K, Cook M, Borja V, Miller CA, Grinstein JD, Drees F, Okubo J, Diffenderfer KE, Hishida Y, Modesto V, Dargitz CT, Feiring R, Zhao C, Aguirre A, McGarry TJ, Matsui H, Li H, Reyna J, Rao F, O'Connor DT, Yeo GW, Evans SM, Chi NC, Jepsen K, Nariai N, Müller FJ, Goldstein LSB, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Adler E, Loring JF, Berggren WT, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Smith EN, Frazer KA. iPSCORE: A Resource of 222 iPSC Lines Enabling Functional Characterization of Genetic Variation across a Variety of Cell Types. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1086-1100. [PMID: 28410642 PMCID: PMC5390244 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale collections of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could serve as powerful model systems for examining how genetic variation affects biology and disease. Here we describe the iPSCORE resource: a collection of systematically derived and characterized iPSC lines from 222 ethnically diverse individuals that allows for both familial and association-based genetic studies. iPSCORE lines are pluripotent with high genomic integrity (no or low numbers of somatic copy-number variants) as determined using high-throughput RNA-sequencing and genotyping arrays, respectively. Using iPSCs from a family of individuals, we show that iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes demonstrate gene expression patterns that cluster by genetic background, and can be used to examine variants associated with physiological and disease phenotypes. The iPSCORE collection contains representative individuals for risk and non-risk alleles for 95% of SNPs associated with human phenotypes through genome-wide association studies. Our study demonstrates the utility of iPSCORE for examining how genetic variants influence molecular and physiological traits in iPSCs and derived cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roy Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sherin I Hashem
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernhard M Schuldt
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher DeBoever
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo D Arias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Melvin Garcia
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley C Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Jakubosky
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Margaret K R Donovan
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William W Greenwald
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - KathyJean Farnam
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Megan Cook
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Borja
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carl A Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan D Grinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frauke Drees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Okubo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Yuriko Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Veronica Modesto
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl T Dargitz
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rachel Feiring
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chang Zhao
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas J McGarry
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - He Li
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joaquin Reyna
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fangwen Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Eric Adler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - W Travis Berggren
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Erin N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
O'Brien CM, Chy HS, Zhou Q, Blumenfeld S, Lambshead JW, Liu X, Kie J, Capaldo BD, Chung TL, Adams TE, Phan T, Bentley JD, McKinstry WJ, Oliva K, McMurrick PJ, Wang YC, Rossello FJ, Lindeman GJ, Chen D, Jarde T, Clark AT, Abud HE, Visvader JE, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Loring JF, Laslett AL. New Monoclonal Antibodies to Defined Cell Surface Proteins on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:626-640. [PMID: 28009074 PMCID: PMC5412944 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study and application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be enhanced by the availability of well‐characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) detecting cell‐surface epitopes. Here, we report generation of seven new mAbs that detect cell surface proteins present on live and fixed human ES cells (hESCs) and human iPS cells (hiPSCs), confirming our previous prediction that these proteins were present on the cell surface of hPSCs. The mAbs all show a high correlation with POU5F1 (OCT4) expression and other hPSC surface markers (TRA‐160 and SSEA‐4) in hPSC cultures and detect rare OCT4 positive cells in differentiated cell cultures. These mAbs are immunoreactive to cell surface protein epitopes on both primed and naive state hPSCs, providing useful research tools to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying human pluripotency and states of cellular reprogramming. In addition, we report that subsets of the seven new mAbs are also immunoreactive to human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), normal human breast subsets and both normal and tumorigenic colorectal cell populations. The mAbs reported here should accelerate the investigation of the nature of pluripotency, and enable development of robust cell separation and tracing technologies to enrich or deplete for hPSCs and other human stem and somatic cell types. Stem Cells2017;35:626–640
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M O'Brien
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hun S Chy
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack W Lambshead
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Kie
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Tung-Liang Chung
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tram Phan
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Bentley
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thierry Jarde
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
| | - Jane E Visvader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Amir H, Touboul T, Sabatini K, Chhabra D, Garitaonandia I, Loring JF, Morey R, Laurent LC. Spontaneous Single-Copy Loss of TP53 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Markedly Increases Cell Proliferation and Survival. Stem Cells 2017; 35:872-885. [PMID: 27888558 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genomic aberrations have been identified in many human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures. Commonly observed duplications in portions of chromosomes 12p and 17q have been associated with increases in genetic instability and resistance to apoptosis, respectively. However, the phenotypic consequences related to sporadic mutations have not been evaluated to date. Here, we report on the effects of a single-copy deletion of the chr17p13.1 region, a sporadic mutation that spontaneously arose independently in several subclones of a human embryonic stem cell culture. Compared to cells with two normal copies of chr17p13.1 ("wild-type"), the cells with a single-copy deletion of this region ("mutant") displayed a selective advantage when exposed to stressful conditions, and retained a higher percentage of cells expressing the pluripotency marker POU5F1/OCT4 after 2 weeks of in vitro differentiation. Knockdown of TP53, which is a gene encompassed by the deleted region, in wild-type cells mimicked the chr17p13.1 deletion phenotype. Thus, sporadic mutations in hPSCs can have phenotypic effects that may impact their utility for clinical applications. Stem Cells 2017;35:872-885.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Amir
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thomas Touboul
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Divya Chhabra
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ibon Garitaonandia
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Morey
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Plaisted WC, Zavala A, Hingco E, Tran H, Coleman R, Lane TE, Loring JF, Walsh CM. Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157620. [PMID: 27310015 PMCID: PMC4911106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently described sustained clinical recovery associated with dampened neuroinflammation and remyelination following transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in a viral model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. The hNPCs used in that study were derived by a novel direct differentiation method (direct differentiation, DD-NPCs) that resulted in a unique gene expression pattern when compared to hNPCs derived by conventional methods. Since the therapeutic potential of human NPCs may differ greatly depending on the method of derivation and culture, we wanted to determine whether NPCs differentiated using conventional methods would be similarly effective in improving clinical outcome under neuroinflammatory demyelinating conditions. For the current study, we utilized hNPCs differentiated from a human induced pluripotent cell line via an embryoid body intermediate stage (EB-NPCs). Intraspinal transplantation of EB-NPCs into mice infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) resulted in decreased accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system that was concomitant with reduced demyelination at the site of injection. Dampened neuroinflammation and remyelination was correlated with a transient increase in CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) concentrated within the peripheral lymphatics. However, compared to our earlier study, pathological improvements were modest and did not result in significant clinical recovery. We conclude that the genetic signature of NPCs is critical to their effectiveness in this model of viral-induced neurologic disease. These comparisons will be useful for understanding what factors are critical for the sustained clinical improvement.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryoid Bodies/cytology
- Embryoid Bodies/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Murine hepatitis virus/growth & development
- Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity
- Myelin Sheath/immunology
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/immunology
- Neural Stem Cells/transplantation
- Organ Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren C. Plaisted
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Angel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Edna Hingco
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ha Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMW); (JFL); (TEL)
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMW); (JFL); (TEL)
| | - Craig M. Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMW); (JFL); (TEL)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saragusty J, Diecke S, Drukker M, Durrant B, Friedrich Ben-Nun I, Galli C, Göritz F, Hayashi K, Hermes R, Holtze S, Johnson S, Lazzari G, Loi P, Loring JF, Okita K, Renfree MB, Seet S, Voracek T, Stejskal J, Ryder OA, Hildebrandt TB. Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction. Zoo Biol 2016; 35:280-92. [PMID: 27142508 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With only three living individuals left on this planet, the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) could be considered doomed for extinction. It might still be possible, however, to rescue the (sub)species by combining novel stem cell and assisted reproductive technologies. To discuss the various practical options available to us, we convened a multidisciplinary meeting under the name "Conservation by Cellular Technologies." The outcome of this meeting and the proposed road map that, if successfully implemented, would ultimately lead to a self-sustaining population of an extremely endangered species are outlined here. The ideas discussed here, while centered on the northern white rhinoceros, are equally applicable, after proper adjustments, to other mammals on the brink of extinction. Through implementation of these ideas we hope to establish the foundation for reversal of some of the effects of what has been termed the sixth mass extinction event in the history of Earth, and the first anthropogenic one. Zoo Biol. 35:280-292, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Zoo Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Saragusty
- The Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Micha Drukker
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Durrant
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, California
| | - Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea srl, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.,Fondazione Avantea, Cremona, Italy
| | - Frank Göritz
- The Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Robert Hermes
- The Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Holtze
- The Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea srl, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy.,Fondazione Avantea, Cremona, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Loi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univeristy of Teramo, Campus Coste San Agostino, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marilyn B Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Seet
- The Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Stejskal
- ZOO Dvůr Králové, Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Andrews PW, Baker D, Benvinisty N, Miranda B, Bruce K, Brüstle O, Choi M, Choi YM, Crook JM, de Sousa PA, Dvorak P, Freund C, Firpo M, Furue MK, Gokhale P, Ha HY, Han E, Haupt S, Healy L, Hei DJ, Hovatta O, Hunt C, Hwang SM, Inamdar MS, Isasi RM, Jaconi M, Jekerle V, Kamthorn P, Kibbey MC, Knezevic I, Knowles BB, Koo SK, Laabi Y, Leopoldo L, Liu P, Lomax GP, Loring JF, Ludwig TE, Montgomery K, Mummery C, Nagy A, Nakamura Y, Nakatsuji N, Oh S, Oh SK, Otonkoski T, Pera M, Peschanski M, Pranke P, Rajala KM, Rao M, Ruttachuk R, Reubinoff B, Ricco L, Rooke H, Sipp D, Stacey GN, Suemori H, Takahashi TA, Takada K, Talib S, Tannenbaum S, Yuan BZ, Zeng F, Zhou Q. Points to consider in the development of seed stocks of pluripotent stem cells for clinical applications: International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI). Regen Med 2015; 10:1-44. [PMID: 25675265 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zdravkovic T, Nazor KL, Larocque N, Gormley M, Donne M, Hunkapillar N, Giritharan G, Bernstein HS, Wei G, Hebrok M, Zeng X, Genbacev O, Mattis A, McMaster MT, Krtolica A, Valbuena D, Simón C, Laurent LC, Loring JF, Fisher SJ. Human stem cells from single blastomeres reveal pathways of embryonic or trophoblast fate specification. Development 2015; 142:4010-25. [PMID: 26483210 PMCID: PMC4712832 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of initial cell fate decisions differ among species. To gain insights into lineage allocation in humans, we derived ten human embryonic stem cell lines (designated UCSFB1-10) from single blastomeres of four 8-cell embryos and one 12-cell embryo from a single couple. Compared with numerous conventional lines from blastocysts, they had unique gene expression and DNA methylation patterns that were, in part, indicative of trophoblast competence. At a transcriptional level, UCSFB lines from different embryos were often more closely related than those from the same embryo. As predicted by the transcriptomic data, immunolocalization of EOMES, T brachyury, GDF15 and active β-catenin revealed differential expression among blastomeres of 8- to 10-cell human embryos. The UCSFB lines formed derivatives of the three germ layers and CDX2-positive progeny, from which we derived the first human trophoblast stem cell line. Our data suggest heterogeneity among early-stage blastomeres and that the UCSFB lines have unique properties, indicative of a more immature state than conventional lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zdravkovic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kristopher L Nazor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas Larocque
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Donne
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nathan Hunkapillar
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Harold S Bernstein
- The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Wei
- The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Olga Genbacev
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aras Mattis
- The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael T McMaster
- The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Diana Valbuena
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gallego Romero I, Pavlovic BJ, Hernando-Herraez I, Zhou X, Ward MC, Banovich NE, Kagan CL, Burnett JE, Huang CH, Mitrano A, Chavarria CI, Friedrich Ben-Nun I, Li Y, Sabatini K, Leonardo TR, Parast M, Marques-Bonet T, Laurent LC, Loring JF, Gilad Y. A panel of induced pluripotent stem cells from chimpanzees: a resource for comparative functional genomics. eLife 2015; 4:e07103. [PMID: 26102527 PMCID: PMC4502404 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomics studies in primates are restricted due to our limited access to samples. In order to gain better insight into the genetic processes that underlie variation in complex phenotypes in primates, we must have access to faithful model systems for a wide range of cell types. To facilitate this, we generated a panel of 7 fully characterized chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from healthy donors. To demonstrate the utility of comparative iPSC panels, we collected RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation data from the chimpanzee iPSCs and the corresponding fibroblast lines, as well as from 7 human iPSCs and their source lines, which encompass multiple populations and cell types. We observe much less within-species variation in iPSCs than in somatic cells, indicating the reprogramming process erases many inter-individual differences. The low within-species regulatory variation in iPSCs allowed us to identify many novel inter-species regulatory differences of small magnitude. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07103.001 Comparing the genomes of different species can reveal how they are related to one another. Such comparative studies can also reveal how genomes are modified in species-specific ways to regulate gene activity. The genomes of humans and chimpanzees are very similar in sequence. It is therefore likely that differing patterns of gene regulation underlie many of the differences observed between the two species. However, only a few kinds of chimpanzee cell that can be grown in the laboratory are available for research; this lack of samples has limited the ability of researchers to perform such comparative studies. One way around this problem is to use induced pluripotent stem cells (or iPSCs). IPSCs are created by exposing mature cells—for example, skin cells—to conditions and molecules that convert them into an embryonic-like state. This state—called ‘induced pluripotency’—allows the cells to be coaxed into becoming many different cell types that can be grown in the laboratory. But it is more difficult to establish high quality iPSCs from chimpanzees than it is from humans or mice. Gallego Romero, Pavlovic et al. have now addressed this problem by creating iPSCs from skin cells taken from seven healthy chimpanzees. These cell lines were then analysed and compared to each other and to seven iPSC lines created from human cells. The chimpanzee iPSC lines were found to be much more similar to each other than the mature cells that were used to make them. Similar results were also observed for the human iSPCs, which likely reflects the conserved changes that take place when the genomes of mature cells are reprogrammed to pluripotency. This high level of similarity between iPSCs from different individuals of the same species allowed Gallego Romero, Pavlovic et al. to discover many subtle differences in gene regulation between chimpanzees and humans. For example, over 4500 genes were found to be expressed differently in human and chimpanzee iPSCs, and over 3500 genomic regions had different patterns of certain DNA modifications that can help to regulate gene expression. These newly created chimpanzee iPSC lines represent a valuable resource for comparative studies of gene regulation. In the future, this resource could help researchers to identify further differences in gene regulation between closely related primate species. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07103.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan J Pavlovic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Michelle C Ward
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Courtney L Kagan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jonathan E Burnett
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Constance H Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Amy Mitrano
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Trevor R Leonardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marro BS, Blanc CA, Loring JF, Cahalan MD, Lane TE. Promoting remyelination: utilizing a viral model of demyelination to assess cell-based therapies. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 14:1169-79. [PMID: 25245576 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.955854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. While a broad range of therapeutics effectively reduce the incidence of focal white matter inflammation and plaque formation for patients with relapse-remitting forms of MS, a challenge within the field is to develop therapies that allow for axonal protection and remyelination. In the last decade, growing interest has focused on utilizing neural precursor cells (NPCs) to promote remyelination. To understand how NPCs function in chronic demyelinating environments, several excellent pre-clinical mouse models have been developed. One well accepted model is infection of susceptible mice with neurotropic variants of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) that undergo chronic demyelination exhibiting clinical and histopathologic similarities to MS patients. Combined with the possibility that an environmental agent such as a virus could trigger MS, the MHV model of demyelination presents a relevant mouse model to assess the therapeutic potential of NPCs transplanted into an environment in which inflammatory-mediated demyelination is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gómez S, Castellano G, Mayol G, Suñol M, Queiros A, Bibikova M, Nazor KL, Loring JF, Lemos I, Rodríguez E, de Torres C, Mora J, Martín-Subero JI, Lavarino C. DNA methylation fingerprint of neuroblastoma reveals new biological and clinical insights. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1137-53. [PMID: 26067621 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To define the DNA methylation landscape of neuroblastoma and its clinicopathological impact. MATERIALS & METHODS Microarray DNA methylation data were analyzed and associated with functional/regulatory genome annotation data, transcriptional profiles and clinicobiological parameters. RESULTS DNA methylation changes in neuroblastoma affect not only promoters but also intragenic and intergenic regions at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) and non-CpG sites, and target functional chromatin domains of development and cancer-related genes such as CCND1. Tumors with diverse clinical risk showed differences affecting CpG and, remarkably, non-CpG sites. Non-CpG methylation observed essentially in clinically favorable cases was associated with the differentiation status of neuroblastoma and expression of key genes such as ALK. CONCLUSION This epigenetic fingerprint of neuroblastoma provides new insights into the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of this pediatric tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Gómez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Gemma Mayol
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Ana Queiros
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | | | - Kristopher L Nazor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Isadora Lemos
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Edificio Docente 4th floor, C/Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rivera-Mulia JC, Buckley Q, Sasaki T, Zimmerman J, Didier RA, Nazor K, Loring JF, Lian Z, Weissman S, Robins AJ, Schulz TC, Menendez L, Kulik MJ, Dalton S, Gabr H, Kahveci T, Gilbert DM. Dynamic changes in replication timing and gene expression during lineage specification of human pluripotent stem cells. Genome Res 2015; 25:1091-103. [PMID: 26055160 PMCID: PMC4509994 DOI: 10.1101/gr.187989.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Duplication of the genome in mammalian cells occurs in a defined temporal order referred to as its replication-timing (RT) program. RT changes dynamically during development, regulated in units of 400-800 kb referred to as replication domains (RDs). Changes in RT are generally coordinated with transcriptional competence and changes in subnuclear position. We generated genome-wide RT profiles for 26 distinct human cell types, including embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived, primary cells and established cell lines representing intermediate stages of endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm, and neural crest (NC) development. We identified clusters of RDs that replicate at unique times in each stage (RT signatures) and confirmed global consolidation of the genome into larger synchronously replicating segments during differentiation. Surprisingly, transcriptome data revealed that the well-accepted correlation between early replication and transcriptional activity was restricted to RT-constitutive genes, whereas two-thirds of the genes that switched RT during differentiation were strongly expressed when late replicating in one or more cell types. Closer inspection revealed that transcription of this class of genes was frequently restricted to the lineage in which the RT switch occurred, but was induced prior to a late-to-early RT switch and/or down-regulated after an early-to-late RT switch. Analysis of transcriptional regulatory networks showed that this class of genes contains strong regulators of genes that were only expressed when early replicating. These results provide intriguing new insight into the complex relationship between transcription and RT regulation during human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Quinton Buckley
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Takayo Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Jared Zimmerman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Ruth A Didier
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Kristopher Nazor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Sherman Weissman
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Menendez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Kulik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Haitham Gabr
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Tamer Kahveci
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang YC, Lin V, Loring JF, Peterson SE. The 'sweet' spot of cellular pluripotency: protein glycosylation in human pluripotent stem cells and its applications in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:679-87. [PMID: 25736263 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1021329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) promise for the future of regenerative medicine. The structural and biochemical diversity associated with glycans makes them a unique type of macromolecule modification that is involved in the regulation of a vast array of biochemical events and cellular activities including pluripotency in hPSCs. The primary focus of this review article is to highlight recent advances in stem cell research from a glycobiological perspective. We also discuss how our understanding of glycans and glycosylation may help overcome barriers hindering the clinical application of hPSC-derived cells. AREAS COVERED A literature survey using NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar was performed in 2014. EXPERT OPINION Regenerative medicine hopes to provide novel strategies to combat human disease and tissue injury that currently lack effective therapies. Although progress in this field is accelerating, many critical issues remain to be addressed in order for cell-based therapy to become a practical and safe treatment option. Emerging evidence suggests that protein glycosylation may significantly influence the regulation of cellular pluripotency, and that the exploitation of protein glycosylation in hPSCs and their differentiated derivatives may lead to transformative and translational discoveries for regenerative medicine. In addition, hPSCs represent a novel research platform for investigating glycosylation-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Wang
- The University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-314G, Fort Worth, TX 76107 , USA +1 817 735 2944 ; +1 817 735 2603 ;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
French A, Bravery C, Smith J, Chandra A, Archibald P, Gold JD, Artzi N, Kim HW, Barker RW, Meissner A, Wu JC, Knowles JC, Williams D, García-Cardeña G, Sipp D, Oh S, Loring JF, Rao MS, Reeve B, Wall I, Carr AJ, Bure K, Stacey G, Karp JM, Snyder EY, Brindley DA. Enabling consistency in pluripotent stem cell-derived products for research and development and clinical applications through material standards. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:217-23. [PMID: 25650438 PMCID: PMC4339854 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for physical standards (reference materials) to ensure both reproducibility and consistency in the production of somatic cell types from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) sources. We have outlined the need for reference materials (RMs) in relation to the unique properties and concerns surrounding hPSC-derived products and suggest in-house approaches to RM generation relevant to basic research, drug screening, and therapeutic applications. hPSCs have an unparalleled potential as a source of somatic cells for drug screening, disease modeling, and therapeutic application. Undefined variation and product variability after differentiation to the lineage or cell type of interest impede efficient translation and can obscure the evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy. Moreover, in the absence of a consistent population, data generated from in vitro studies could be unreliable and irreproducible. Efforts to devise approaches and tools that facilitate improved consistency of hPSC-derived products, both as development tools and therapeutic products, will aid translation. Standards exist in both written and physical form; however, because many unknown factors persist in the field, premature written standards could inhibit rather than promote innovation and translation. We focused on the derivation of physical standard RMs. We outline the need for RMs and assess the approaches to in-house RM generation for hPSC-derived products, a critical tool for the analysis and control of product variation that can be applied by researchers and developers. We then explore potential routes for the generation of RMs, including both cellular and noncellular materials and novel methods that might provide valuable tools to measure and account for variation. Multiparametric techniques to identify "signatures" for therapeutically relevant cell types, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes that can be derived from hPSCs, would be of significant utility, although physical RMs will be required for clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna French
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | | | - James Smith
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | - Amit Chandra
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Archibald
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry
| | - Richard W Barker
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center of Regenerative Medicine, and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute
| | - David Williams
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, and Program in Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doug Sipp
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan Wall
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Department of Nanobiomedical Science BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Biochemical Engineering, and Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, and
| | - Kim Bure
- TAP Biosystems, Royston, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - David A Brindley
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Stanford-UCSF FDA Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI), San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Garitaonandia I, Amir H, Boscolo FS, Wambua GK, Schultheisz HL, Sabatini K, Morey R, Waltz S, Wang YC, Tran H, Leonardo TR, Nazor K, Slavin I, Lynch C, Li Y, Coleman R, Gallego Romero I, Altun G, Reynolds D, Dalton S, Parast M, Loring JF, Laurent LC. Increased risk of genetic and epigenetic instability in human embryonic stem cells associated with specific culture conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118307. [PMID: 25714340 PMCID: PMC4340884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) make them a promising source of material for cell transplantation therapy, drug development, and studies of cellular differentiation and development. However, the large numbers of cells necessary for many of these applications require extensive expansion of hPSC cultures, a process that has been associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. We have performed a combinatorial study on both hESCs and hiPSCs to compare the effects of enzymatic vs. mechanical passaging, and feeder-free vs. mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder substrate, on the genetic and epigenetic stability and the phenotypic characteristics of hPSCs. In extensive experiments involving over 100 continuous passages, we observed that both enzymatic passaging and feeder-free culture were associated with genetic instability, higher rates of cell proliferation, and persistence of OCT4/POU5F1-positive cells in teratomas, with enzymatic passaging having the stronger effect. In all combinations of culture conditions except for mechanical passaging on feeder layers, we noted recurrent deletions in the genomic region containing the tumor suppressor gene TP53, which was associated with decreased mRNA expression of TP53, as well as alterations in the expression of several downstream genes consistent with a decrease in the activity of the TP53 pathway. Among the hESC cultures, we also observed culture-associated variations in global gene expression and DNA methylation. The effects of enzymatic passaging and feeder-free conditions were also observed in hiPSC cultures. Our results highlight the need for careful assessment of the effects of culture conditions on cells intended for clinical therapies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cell Self Renewal
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Duplication
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genome, Human
- Genomic Instability
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Phenotype
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Garitaonandia
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Hadar Amir
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Francesca Sesillo Boscolo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Gerald K. Wambua
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Schultheisz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Robert Morey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Shannon Waltz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Ha Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Trevor R. Leonardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Nazor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Ileana Slavin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Candace Lynch
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612, United States of America
| | - Ronald Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St, CLSC 317, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Gulsah Altun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - David Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States of America
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States of America
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612, United States of America
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCL); (JFL)
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCL); (JFL)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
For some highly endangered species there are too few reproductively capable animals to maintain adequate genetic diversity, and extraordinary measures are necessary to prevent their extinction. Cellular reprogramming is a means to capture the genomes of individual animals as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may eventually facilitate reintroduction of genetic material into breeding populations. Here, we describe a method for generating iPSCs from fibroblasts of mammalian endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Susanne C Montague
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marlys L Houck
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brändl B, Schneider SA, Loring JF, Hardy J, Gribbon P, Müller FJ. Stem cell reprogramming: basic implications and future perspective for movement disorders. Mov Disord 2014; 30:301-12. [PMID: 25546831 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of stem cell-associated molecular factors into human patient-derived cells allows for their reprogramming in the laboratory environment. As a result, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can now be reprogrammed epigenetically without disruption of their overall genomic integrity. For patients with neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive loss of functional neurons, the ability to reprogram any individual's cells and drive their differentiation toward susceptible neuronal subtypes holds great promise. Apart from applications in regenerative medicine and cell replacement-based therapy, hiPSCs are increasingly used in preclinical research for establishing disease models and screening for drug toxicities. The rapid developments in this field prompted us to review recent progress toward the applications of stem cell technologies for movement disorders. We introduce reprogramming strategies and explain the critical steps in the differentiation of hiPSCs to clinical relevant subtypes of cells in the context of movement disorders. We summarize and discuss recent discoveries in this field, which, based on the rapidly expanding basic science literature as well as upcoming trends in personalized medicine, will strongly influence the future therapeutic options available to practitioners working with patients suffering from such disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Brändl
- Center for Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soragni E, Miao W, Iudicello M, Jacoby D, De Mercanti S, Clerico M, Longo F, Piga A, Ku S, Campau E, Du J, Penalver P, Rai M, Madara JC, Nazor K, O'Connor M, Maximov A, Loring JF, Pandolfo M, Durelli L, Gottesfeld JM, Rusche JR. Epigenetic therapy for Friedreich ataxia. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:489-508. [PMID: 25159818 PMCID: PMC4361037 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) would be effective in an in vitro model for the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and to evaluate safety and surrogate markers of efficacy in a phase I clinical trial in patients. METHODS We used a human FRDA neuronal cell model, derived from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, to determine the efficacy of a 2-aminobenzamide HDACi (109) as a modulator of FXN gene expression and chromatin histone modifications. FRDA patients were dosed in 4 cohorts, ranging from 30mg/day to 240mg/day of the formulated drug product of HDACi 109, RG2833. Patients were monitored for adverse effects as well as for increases in FXN mRNA, frataxin protein, and chromatin modification in blood cells. RESULTS In the neuronal cell model, HDACi 109/RG2833 increases FXN mRNA levels and frataxin protein, with concomitant changes in the epigenetic state of the gene. Chromatin signatures indicate that histone H3 lysine 9 is a key residue for gene silencing through methylation and reactivation through acetylation, mediated by the HDACi. Drug treatment in FRDA patients demonstrated increased FXN mRNA and H3 lysine 9 acetylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. No safety issues were encountered. INTERPRETATION Drug exposure inducing epigenetic changes in neurons in vitro is comparable to the exposure required in patients to see epigenetic changes in circulating lymphoid cells and increases in gene expression. These findings provide a proof of concept for the development of an epigenetic therapy for this fatal neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Soragni
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nazor KL, Boland MJ, Bibikova M, Klotzle B, Yu M, Glenn-Pratola VL, Schell JP, Coleman RL, Cabral-da-Silva MC, Schmidt U, Peterson SE, He C, Loring JF, Fan JB. Application of a low cost array-based technique - TAB-Array - for quantifying and mapping both 5mC and 5hmC at single base resolution in human pluripotent stem cells. Genomics 2014; 104:358-67. [PMID: 25179373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an oxidized derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has been implicated as an important epigenetic regulator of mammalian development. Current procedures use DNA sequencing methods to discriminate 5hmC from 5mC, limiting their accessibility to the scientific community. Here we report a method that combines TET-assisted bisulfite conversion with Illumina 450K DNA methylation arrays for a low-cost high-throughput approach that distinguishes 5hmC and 5mC signals at base resolution. Implementing this approach, termed "TAB-array", we assessed DNA methylation dynamics in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiovascular progenitors and neural precursor cells. With the ability to discriminate 5mC and 5hmC, we identified a large number of novel dynamically methylated genomic regions that are implicated in the development of these lineages. The increased resolution and accuracy afforded by this approach provides a powerful means to investigate the distinct contributions of 5mC and 5hmC in human development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher L Nazor
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Michael J Boland
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | | | | | - Miao Yu
- The University of Chicago, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Victoria L Glenn-Pratola
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John P Schell
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ronald L Coleman
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne E Peterson
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Chuan He
- The University of Chicago, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The precise, temporal order of gene expression during development is critical to ensure proper lineage commitment, cell fate determination, and ultimately, organogenesis. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure is fundamental to the activation or repression of genes during embryonic development. In recent years, there has been an explosion of research relating to various modes of epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone tail modifications, noncoding RNA control of chromatin structure, and nucleosome remodeling. Technological advances in genome-wide epigenetic profiling and pluripotent stem cell differentiation have been primary drivers for elucidating the epigenetic control of cellular identity during development and nuclear reprogramming. Not only do epigenetic mechanisms regulate transcriptional states in a cell-type-specific manner but also they establish higher order genomic topology and nuclear architecture. Here, we review the epigenetic control of pluripotency and changes associated with pluripotent stem cell differentiation. We focus on DNA methylation, DNA demethylation, and common histone tail modifications. Finally, we briefly discuss epigenetic heterogeneity among pluripotent stem cell lines and the influence of epigenetic patterns on genome topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boland
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kristopher L Nazor
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen C, Jiang P, Xue H, Peterson SE, Tran HT, McCann AE, Parast MM, Li S, Pleasure DE, Laurent LC, Loring JF, Liu Y, Deng W. Role of astroglia in Down's syndrome revealed by patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4430. [PMID: 25034944 PMCID: PMC4109022 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Here we use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from DS patients to identify a role for astrocytes in DS pathogenesis. DS astroglia exhibit higher levels of reactive oxygen species and lower levels of synaptogenic molecules. Astrocyte-conditioned medium collected from DS astroglia causes toxicity to neurons, and fails to promote neuronal ion channel maturation and synapse formation. Transplantation studies show that DS astroglia do not promote neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells in vivo. We also observed abnormal gene expression profiles from DS astroglia. Finally, we show that the FDA-approved antibiotic drug, minocycline, partially corrects the pathological phenotypes of DS astroglia by specifically modulating the expression of S100B, GFAP, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and thrombospondins 1 and 2 in DS astroglia. Our studies shed light on the pathogenesis and possible treatment of DS by targeting astrocytes with a clinically available drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95817, USA [2] Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California 95817, USA [3] Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China [4]
| | - Peng Jiang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95817, USA [2] Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California 95817, USA [3]
| | - Haipeng Xue
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [3] Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [4] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Suzanne E Peterson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ha T Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Anna E McCann
- 1] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Present address: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David E Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- 1] Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- 1] Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [3] Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [4] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95817, USA [2] Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wolfe LM, Thiagarajan RD, Boscolo F, Taché V, Coleman RL, Kim J, Kwan WK, Loring JF, Parast M, Laurent LC. Banking placental tissue: an optimized collection procedure for genome-wide analysis of nucleic acids. Placenta 2014; 35:645-54. [PMID: 24951174 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Banking of high-quality placental tissue specimens will enable biomarker discovery and molecular studies on diseases involving placental dysfunction. Systematic studies aimed at developing feasible standardized methodology for placental collection in a typical clinical setting are lacking. METHODS To determine the acceptable timeframe for placental collection, we collected multiple samples from first and third trimester placentas at serial timepoints in a 2-h window after delivery, simultaneously comparing the traditional snap-freeze technique to commercial solutions designed to preserve RNA (RNAlater™), and DNA (DNAgard(®)). The performance of RNAlater for preserving DNA was also tested. Nucleic acid quality was assessed by determining the RNA integrity number (RIN) and genome-wide microarray profiling for gene expression and DNA methylation. RESULTS We found that samples collected in RNAlater had higher and more consistent RINs compared to snap-frozen tissue. Similar RINs were obtained for tissue collected in RNAlater as large (1 cm(3)) and small (∼0.1 cm(3)) pieces. RNAlater appeared to better stabilize the time zero gene expression profile compared to snap-freezing for first trimester placenta. DNA methylation profiles remained quite stable over a 2 h time period after removal of the placenta from the uterus, with DNAgard being superior to other treatments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The collection of placental samples in RNAlater and DNAgard is simple, and eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen or a freezer on-site. Moreover, the quality of the nucleic acids and the resulting data from samples collected in these preservation solutions is higher than samples collected using the snap-freeze method and easier to implement in busy clinical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Wolfe
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - R D Thiagarajan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - F Boscolo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - V Taché
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - R L Coleman
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - W K Kwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - J F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - L C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen L, Coleman R, Leang R, Tran H, Kopf A, Walsh CM, Sears-Kraxberger I, Steward O, Macklin WB, Loring JF, Lane TE. Human neural precursor cells promote neurologic recovery in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:825-37. [PMID: 24936469 PMCID: PMC4050357 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a viral model of the demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), we show that intraspinal transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (hNPCs) results in sustained clinical recovery, although hNPCs were not detectable beyond day 8 posttransplantation. Improved motor skills were associated with a reduction in neuroinflammation, decreased demyelination, and enhanced remyelination. Evidence indicates that the reduced neuroinflammation is correlated with an increased number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the spinal cords. Coculture of hNPCs with activated T cells resulted in reduced T cell proliferation and increased Treg numbers. The hNPCs acted, in part, through secretion of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. These findings indicate that the transient presence of hNPCs transplanted in an animal model of MS has powerful immunomodulatory effects and mediates recovery. Further investigation of the restorative effects of hNPC transplantation may aid in the development of clinically relevant MS treatments. Spinal cord transplantation of hNPCs results in recovery in a viral model of MS hNPC-mediated recovery occurs in the absence of engrafted cells hNPCs are immunomodulatory through increasing the frequency of Tregs in the CNS hNPCs increase Treg frequency via a TGF-β1- and TGF-β2-dependent pathway
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ronald Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronika Leang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ha Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Kopf
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ilse Sears-Kraxberger
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Oswald Steward
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Neurobiology & Behavior, and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Blurton-Jones M, Spencer B, Michael S, Castello NA, Agazaryan AA, Davis JL, Müller FJ, Loring JF, Masliah E, LaFerla FM. Neural stem cells genetically-modified to express neprilysin reduce pathology in Alzheimer transgenic models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:46. [PMID: 25022790 PMCID: PMC4055090 DOI: 10.1186/scrt440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short-term neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation improves cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice by enhancing endogenous synaptic connectivity. However, this approach has no effect on the underlying beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Long term efficacy of cell based approaches may therefore require combinatorial approaches. METHODS To begin to examine this question we genetically-modified NSCs to stably express and secrete the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (sNEP). Next, we studied the effects of sNEP expression in vitro by quantifying Aβ-degrading activity, NSC multipotency markers, and Aβ-induced toxicity. To determine whether sNEP-expressing NSCs can also modulate AD-pathogenesis in vivo, control-modified and sNEP-NSCs were transplanted unilaterally into the hippocampus of two independent and well characterized transgenic models of AD: 3xTg-AD and Thy1-APP mice. After three months, stem cell engraftment, neprilysin expression, and AD pathology were examined. RESULTS Our findings reveal that stem cell-mediated delivery of NEP provides marked and significant reductions in Aβ pathology and increases synaptic density in both 3xTg-AD and Thy1-APP transgenic mice. Remarkably, Aβ plaque loads are reduced not only in the hippocampus and subiculum adjacent to engrafted NSCs, but also within the amygdala and medial septum, areas that receive afferent projections from the engrafted region. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that genetically-modified NSCs could provide a powerful combinatorial approach to not only enhance synaptic plasticity but to also target and modify underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara Michael
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas A Castello
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andranik A Agazaryan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joy L Davis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Psychiatry (ZIP Kiel), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Over the last 2 years a global assessment of stem cell engineering (SCE) was conducted with the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation, the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The purpose was to gather information on the worldwide status and trends in SCE, that is, the involvement of engineers and engineering approaches in the stem cell field, both in basic research and in the translation of research into clinical applications and commercial products. The study was facilitated and managed by the World Technology Evaluation Center. The process involved site visits in both Asia and Europe, and it also included several different workshops. From this assessment, the panel concluded that there needs to be an increased role for engineers and the engineering approach. This will provide a foundation for the generation of new markets and future economic growth. To do this will require an increased investment in engineering, applied research, and commercialization as it relates to stem cell research and technology. It also will require programs that support interdisciplinary teams, new innovative mechanisms for academic-industry partnerships, and unique translational models. In addition, the global community would benefit from forming strategic partnerships between countries that can leverage existing and emerging strengths in different institutions. To implement such partnerships will require multinational grant programs with appropriate review mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne F Loring
- 1 Director, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute , LaJolla, California
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are known to acquire genomic changes as they proliferate and differentiate. Despite concerns that these changes will compromise the safety of hPSC-derived cell therapy, there is currently scant evidence linking the known hPSC genomic abnormalities with malignancy. For the successful use of hPSCs for clinical applications, we will need to learn to distinguish between innocuous genomic aberrations and those that may cause tumors. To minimize any effects of acquired mutations on cell therapy, we strongly recommend that cells destined for transplant be monitored throughout their preparation using a high-resolution method such as SNP genotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Peterson
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liao X, Xue H, Wang YC, Nazor KL, Guo S, Trivedi N, Peterson SE, Liu Y, Loring JF, Laurent LC. Matched miRNA and mRNA signatures from an hESC-based in vitro model of pancreatic differentiation reveal novel regulatory interactions. Development 2013. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Weinger JG, Chen L, Coleman R, Leang R, Plaisted WC, Loring JF, Lane TE. Intraspinal transplantation of mouse and human neural precursor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:2D.16.1-2D.16.16. [PMID: 24510791 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02d16s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes the preparation and transplantation of human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and mouse neural precursor cells (mNPCs) into the thoracic region of the mouse spinal cord. The techniques in this unit also describe how to prepare the mouse for surgery by performing a laminectomy to expose the spinal cord for transplantation. NPCs genetically labeled with eGFP transplanted into the spinal cord of a mouse following viral-mediated demyelination can efficiently be detected via eGFP expression. Transplantation of these cells into the spinal cord is an efficacious way to determine their effects in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Weinger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ronald Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ronika Leang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Warren C Plaisted
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li Y, Moretto-Zita M, Soncin F, Wakeland A, Wolfe L, Leon-Garcia S, Pandian R, Pizzo D, Cui L, Nazor K, Loring JF, Crum CP, Laurent LC, Parast MM. BMP4-directed trophoblast differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is mediated through a ΔNp63+ cytotrophoblast stem cell state. Development 2013; 140:3965-76. [PMID: 24004950 DOI: 10.1242/dev.092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ that is necessary for proper fetal development. Its main functional component is the trophoblast, which is derived from extra-embryonic ectoderm. Little is known about early trophoblast differentiation in the human embryo, owing to lack of a proper in vitro model system. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into functional trophoblast following BMP4 treatment in the presence of feeder-conditioned media; however, this model has not been widely accepted, in part owing to a lack of proof for a trophoblast progenitor population. We have previously shown that p63, a member of the p53 family of nuclear proteins, is expressed in proliferative cytotrophoblast (CTB), precursors to terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) in chorionic villi and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the implantation site. Here, we show that BMP4-treated hESCs differentiate into bona fide CTB by direct comparison with primary human placental tissues and isolated CTB through gene expression profiling. We show that, in primary CTB, p63 levels are reduced as cells differentiate into STB, and that forced expression of p63 maintains cyclin B1 and inhibits STB differentiation. We also establish that, similar to in vivo events, hESC differentiation into trophoblast is characterized by a p63(+)/KRT7(+) CTB stem cell state, followed by formation of functional KLF4(+) STB and HLA-G(+) EVT. Finally, we illustrate that downregulation of p63 by shRNA inhibits differentiation of hESCs into functional trophoblast. Taken together, our results establish that BMP4-treated hESCs are an excellent model of human trophoblast differentiation, closely mimicking the in vivo progression from p63(+) CTB stem cells to terminally differentiated trophoblast subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|