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Mestan KK, Leibel SL, Sajti E, Pham B, Hietalati S, Laurent L, Parast M. Leveraging the placenta to advance neonatal care. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1174174. [PMID: 37255571 PMCID: PMC10225648 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1174174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of placental dysfunction and placental injury on the fetus and newborn infant has become a topic of growing interest in neonatal disease research. However, the use of placental pathology in directing or influencing neonatal clinical management continues to be limited for a wide range of reasons, some of which are historical and thus easily overcome today. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature linking placental function to neonatal outcomes, focusing on clinical placental pathology findings and the most common neonatal diagnoses that have been associated with placental dysfunction. We discuss how recent technological advances in neonatal and perinatal medicine may allow us to make a paradigm shift, in which valuable information provided by the placenta could be used to guide neonatal management more effectively, and to ultimately enhance neonatal care in order to improve our patient outcomes. We propose new avenues of clinical management in which the placenta could serve as a diagnostic tool toward more personalized neonatal intensive care unit management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Betty Pham
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Hietalati
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Louise Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences/Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School ofMedicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mukosera GT, Principe P, Mata-Greenwood E, Liu T, Schroeder H, Parast M, Blood AB. Iron nitrosyl complexes are formed from nitrite in the human placenta. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102078. [PMID: 35643317 PMCID: PMC9257420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental nitric oxide (NO) is critical for maintaining perfusion in the maternal-fetal-placental circulation during normal pregnancy. NO and its many metabolites are also increased in pregnancies complicated by maternal inflammation such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, and bacterial infection. However, it is unclear how increased levels of NO or its metabolites affect placental function, or how the placenta deals with excessive levels of NO or its metabolites. Since there is uncertainty over the direction of change in plasma levels of NO metabolites in preeclampsia, we measured the levels of these metabolites at the placental tissue level. We found that NO metabolites are increased in placentas from patients with preeclampsia compared to healthy controls. We also discovered by ozone-based chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance that nitrite is efficiently converted into iron nitrosyl complexes (FeNOs) within the human placenta, and also observed the existence of endogenous FeNOs within placentas from sheep and rats. We show these nitrite-derived FeNOs are relatively short-lived, predominantly protein-bound, heme-iron nitrosyl complexes. The efficient formation of FeNOs from nitrite in the human placenta hints towards the importance of both nitrite and iron nitrosyl complexes in placental physiology or pathology. As iron nitrosylation is an important post-translational modification that affects the activity of multiple iron-containing proteins such as those in the electron transport chain, or those involved in epigenetic regulation, we conclude that FeNOs merit increased study in pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Mukosera
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Patricia Principe
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Eugenia Mata-Greenwood
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Hobe Schroeder
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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Zhang-Rutledge K, Pinson K, Perez M, Adami RR, Melber D, Jacobs M, Parast M, Lamale-Smith L, Averbach S, Hahn M, Pretorius D, Ballas J. FundAl Retroflexion (FAR) Angle is a Novel Sonographic Marker Associated With Cesarean Scar Pregnancies in the First Trimester: A Case-Control Study. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:327-333. [PMID: 33769573 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP) remains difficult. This study describes a novel sonographic marker, the FundAl Retroflexion (FAR) angle, that may be used in the first trimester. The objective of the study is to compare the FAR angle between CSP and normal pregnancies. METHODS For this case-control study, we reviewed images from our institution's database that were acquired from January 2016 to December 2019. All cases of CSP and randomly selected controls, defined as patients with history of Cesarean delivery and normal implantation, that underwent ultrasound evaluation at <14 weeks were included. The FAR angle, defined as the acute angle created between the endometrial echo and cervical canal, was measured. The mean FAR angle was then compared between the two groups and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated. RESULTS We identified 15 cases of CSP during the study period and were able to measure the FAR angle in 14 of the cases. The mean FAR angle was larger in CSP than in normal control pregnancies (45° versus 27°, respectively, P < 0.001). Using an ROC curve, a FAR angle cut off of 40° maximizes the ability to distinguish between CSP from normal pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS The FAR angle provides an easily obtainable and numerical measurement. CSP have larger FAR angle compared to normal controls with a distinguishing cut off of 40°. Larger studies are needed to determine if using the FAR angle can improve first trimester diagnosis for CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Zhang-Rutledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Pinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mishella Perez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca R Adami
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dora Melber
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leah Lamale-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Averbach
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Hahn
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dolores Pretorius
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerasimos Ballas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
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Pantham P, Srinivasan S, DeHoff P, Vuppala A, Morey A, Parast M, Wildman D, Laurent L. Optimization of Extracellular Small RNA Isolation Methods for Transcriptomic Profiling of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy. Placenta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bai T, Peng CY, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Requena DF, Billstrand C, Nobrega M, Ober C, Parast M, Kessler JA. Establishment of human induced trophoblast stem-like cells from term villous cytotrophoblasts. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102507. [PMID: 34454392 PMCID: PMC8551050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSC) can be isolated from first trimester placenta but not from term placenta. Here we demonstrate that villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTB) from term placenta can be reprogrammed into induced trophoblastic stem-like cells (iTSC) by introducing sets of transcription factors. The iTSCs express TSC markers such as GATA3, TEAD4 and ELF5, and are multipotent, validated by their differentiation into both extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) in vitro and in vivo. The iTSC can be passaged indefinitely in vitro without slowing of growth. The transcriptome profile of these cells closely resembles the profile of hTSC isolated from first trimester placentae but different from the term placental vCTB from which they originated. The ability to reprogram cells from term placenta into iTSC will allow study of early gestation events which impact placental function later in gestation, including preeclampsia and spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Ivy Aneas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Noboru Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Daniela F Requena
- Department of Pathology and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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Melber D, Berman Z, Jacobs M, Picel A, Conturie CL, Zhang-Rutledge K, Parast M, Binder P, Eskander R, Roberts A, McHale M, Ramos GA, Ballas J, Kelly T. 326 Placenta accreta spectrum treatment with intraoperative multivessel embolization to improve surgical outcomes: the PASTIME protocol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Srinivasan S, Treacy R, Herrero T, Olsen R, Leonardo TR, Zhang X, DeHoff P, To C, Poling LG, Fernando A, Leon-Garcia S, Knepper K, Tran V, Meads M, Tasarz J, Vuppala A, Park S, Laurent CD, Bui T, Cheah PS, Overcash RT, Ramos GA, Roeder H, Ghiran I, Parast M, Breakefield XO, Lueth AJ, Rust SR, Dufford MT, Fox AC, Hickok DE, Burchard J, Boniface JJ, Laurent LC. Discovery and Verification of Extracellular miRNA Biomarkers for Non-invasive Prediction of Pre-eclampsia in Asymptomatic Women. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1. [PMID: 32864636 PMCID: PMC7455024 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for pre-eclampsia is limited by the lack of accurate methods for identification of at-risk pregnancies. We performed small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of maternal serum extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) to discover and verify microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in patients who later developed pre-eclampsia. Sera collected from 73 pre-eclampsia cases and 139 controls between 17 and 28 weeks gestational age (GA), divided into separate discovery and verification cohorts, are analyzed by small RNA-seq. Discovery and verification of univariate and bivariate miRNA biomarkers reveal that bivariate biomarkers verify at a markedly higher rate than univariate biomarkers. The majority of verified biomarkers contain miR-155-5p, which has been reported to mediate the pre-eclampsia-associated repression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Deconvolution analysis reveals that several verified miRNA biomarkers come from the placenta and are likely carried by placenta-specific extracellular vesicles. Small RNA-seq of maternal serum in women who later developed pre-eclampsia Bioinformatic analyses identify univariate and bivariate miRNA biomarkers Many bivariate biomarkers contain miR-155-5p Deconvolution analyses verify several miRNAs to be placenta specific
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimeenakshi Srinivasan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ryan Treacy
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Tiffany Herrero
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Richelle Olsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Franciscan Maternal-Fetal Medicine Associates at St. Joseph, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Trevor R Leonardo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Neurology and Radiology Services and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter DeHoff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cuong To
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara G Poling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aileen Fernando
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandra Leon-Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katharine Knepper
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vy Tran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Morgan Meads
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Tasarz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aishwarya Vuppala
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clara D Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Bui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Neurology and Radiology Services and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rachael Tabitha Overcash
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gladys A Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hilary Roeder
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Kaiser Permanente San Diego, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Neurology and Radiology Services and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir J Lueth
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Sharon R Rust
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Max T Dufford
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Angela C Fox
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Durlin E Hickok
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Julja Burchard
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - J Jay Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, 2749 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Lead Contact
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D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Donovan MKR, Young Greenwald WW, Nguyen JP, Fujita K, Hashem S, Matsui H, Soncin F, Parast M, Ward MC, Coulet F, Smith EN, Adler E, D'Antonio M, Frazer KA. Association of Human iPSC Gene Signatures and X Chromosome Dosage with Two Distinct Cardiac Differentiation Trajectories. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:924-938. [PMID: 31668852 PMCID: PMC6895695 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of understanding how variability across induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines due to non-genetic factors (clone and passage) influences their differentiation outcome, large-scale studies capable of addressing this question have not yet been conducted. Here, we differentiated 191 iPSC lines to generate iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (iPSC-CVPCs). We observed cellular heterogeneity across the iPSC-CVPC samples due to varying fractions of two cell types: cardiomyocytes (CMs) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). Comparing the transcriptomes of CM-fated and EPDC-fated iPSCs, we discovered that 91 signature genes and X chromosome dosage differences are associated with these two distinct cardiac developmental trajectories. In an independent set of 39 iPSCs differentiated into CMs, we confirmed that sex and transcriptional differences affect cardiac-fate outcome. Our study provides novel insights into how iPSC transcriptional and X chromosome gene dosage differences influence their response to differentiation stimuli and, hence, cardiac cell fate. Cellular heterogeneity across iPSC-CVPCs due to varying fractions of CMs and EPDCs iPSC non-genetic factors (clone and passage) associated with cardiac cell fate Expression levels of signature genes in iPSCs associated with cardiac lineage fate iPSC donor sex plays a role in cardiac lineage fate
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret K R Donovan
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Phuong Nguyen
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sherin Hashem
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle C Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Florence Coulet
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erin N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Adler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Bui T, Horii M, Touma O, Soncin F, Farah O, Laurent LC, Parast M. Optimizing differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cytotrophoblast into extravillous- and syncytio- trophoblast. Placenta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Meads M, De Hoff P, Pontigon D, Pizzo D, Sekhon S, Farah O, Laurent L, Parast M. An Optimized Placental Collection Method for Simultaneous Preservation of Tissue Morphology and Nucleic Acid Integrity. Placenta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Qiao L, Wattez JS, Lee S, Guo Z, Schaack J, Hay WW, Zita MM, Parast M, Shao J. Knockout maternal adiponectin increases fetal growth in mice: potential role for trophoblast IGFBP-1. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2417-2425. [PMID: 27495989 PMCID: PMC5042853 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The main objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal adiponectin regulates fetal growth through the endocrine system in the fetal compartment. METHODS Adiponectin knockout (Adipoq (-/-) ) mice and in vivo adenovirus-mediated reconstitution were used to study the regulatory effect of maternal adiponectin on fetal growth. Primary human trophoblast cells were treated with adiponectin and a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist or antagonist to study the underlying mechanism through which adiponectin regulates fetal growth. RESULTS The body weight of fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) dams was significantly greater than that of wild-type dams at both embryonic day (E)14.5 and E18.5. Adenoviral vector-mediated maternal adiponectin reconstitution attenuated the increased fetal body weight induced by maternal adiponectin deficiency. Significantly increased blood glucose, triacylglycerol and NEFA levels were observed in Adipoq (-/-) dams, suggesting that nutrient supply contributes to maternal adiponectin-regulated fetal growth. Although fetal blood IGF-1 concentrations were comparable in fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) and wild-type dams, remarkably low levels of IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) were observed in the serum of fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) dams. IGFBP-1 was identified in the trophoblast cells of human and mouse placentas. Maternal fasting robustly increased IGFBP-1 levels in mouse placentas, while reducing fetal weight. Significantly low IGFBP-1 levels were found in placentas of Adipoq (-/-) dams. Adiponectin treatment increased IGFBP-1 levels in primary cultured human trophoblast cells, while the PPARα antagonist, MK886, abolished this stimulatory effect. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that, in addition to nutrient supply, maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth by increasing IGFBP-1 expression in trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jean-Sebastien Wattez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samuel Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhuyu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado at Denver and Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - William W Hay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matteo Moretto Zita
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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12
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Soncin F, Wakeland A, Arul-Nambi-Rajan K, Moretto-Zita M, Nelson K, Parast M. Autocrine effect of BMP4 in trophoblast cells. Placenta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Moretto Zita M, Soncin F, Natale D, Pizzo D, Parast M. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals a Novel Regulatory Role for Sox21 Protein in Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30152-62. [PMID: 26491013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate self-renewal and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are key factors for proper placental development and function and, in turn, for appropriate in utero fetal growth. To identify novel TSC-specific genes, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of TSCs, embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, and mouse embryo fibroblasts, derived from mice of the same genetic background. Our analysis revealed a high expression of Sox21 in TSCs compared with other cell types. Sox21 levels were high in undifferentiated TSCs and were dramatically reduced upon differentiation. In addition, modulation of Sox21 expression in TSCs affected lineage-specific differentiation, based on both marker analysis and functional assessment. Our results implicate Sox21 specifically in the promotion of spongiotrophoblast and giant cell differentiation and establish a new mechanism through which trophoblast sublineages are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Natale
- Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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14
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Qiao L, Guo Z, Bosco C, Guidotti S, Wang Y, Wang M, Parast M, Schaack J, Hay WW, Moore TR, Shao J. Maternal High-Fat Feeding Increases Placental Lipoprotein Lipase Activity by Reducing SIRT1 Expression in Mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:3111-20. [PMID: 25948680 PMCID: PMC4542442 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how maternal overnutrition and obesity regulate expression and activation of proteins that facilitate lipid transport in the placenta. To create a maternal overnutrition and obesity model, primiparous C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet throughout gestation. Fetuses from HF-fed dams had significantly increased serum levels of free fatty acid and body fat. Despite no significant difference in placental weight, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) protein levels and activity were remarkably elevated in placentas from HF-fed dams. Increased triglyceride content and mRNA levels of CD36, VLDLr, FABP3, FABPpm, and GPAT2 and -3 were also found in placentas from HF-fed dams. Although both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α protein levels were significantly increased in placentas of the HF group, only PPARγ exhibited a stimulative effect on LPL expression in cultured JEG-3 human trophoblasts. Maternal HF feeding remarkably decreased SIRT1 expression in placentas. Through use of an SIRT1 activator and inhibitor and cultured trophoblasts, an inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on LPL expression was demonstrated. We also found that SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ expression in trophoblasts. Most importantly, inhibition of PPARγ abolished the SIRT1-mediated regulatory effect on LPL expression. Together, these results indicate that maternal overnutrition induces LPL expression in trophoblasts by reducing the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhuyu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chris Bosco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stefano Guidotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - William W Hay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas R Moore
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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15
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Gallego Romero I, Pavlovic BJ, Hernando-Herraez I, Zhou X, Ward MC, Banovich NE, Kagan CL, Burnett JE, Huang CH, Mitrano A, Chavarria CI, Friedrich Ben-Nun I, Li Y, Sabatini K, Leonardo TR, Parast M, Marques-Bonet T, Laurent LC, Loring JF, Gilad Y. A panel of induced pluripotent stem cells from chimpanzees: a resource for comparative functional genomics. eLife 2015; 4:e07103. [PMID: 26102527 PMCID: PMC4502404 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomics studies in primates are restricted due to our limited access to samples. In order to gain better insight into the genetic processes that underlie variation in complex phenotypes in primates, we must have access to faithful model systems for a wide range of cell types. To facilitate this, we generated a panel of 7 fully characterized chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from healthy donors. To demonstrate the utility of comparative iPSC panels, we collected RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation data from the chimpanzee iPSCs and the corresponding fibroblast lines, as well as from 7 human iPSCs and their source lines, which encompass multiple populations and cell types. We observe much less within-species variation in iPSCs than in somatic cells, indicating the reprogramming process erases many inter-individual differences. The low within-species regulatory variation in iPSCs allowed us to identify many novel inter-species regulatory differences of small magnitude. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07103.001 Comparing the genomes of different species can reveal how they are related to one another. Such comparative studies can also reveal how genomes are modified in species-specific ways to regulate gene activity. The genomes of humans and chimpanzees are very similar in sequence. It is therefore likely that differing patterns of gene regulation underlie many of the differences observed between the two species. However, only a few kinds of chimpanzee cell that can be grown in the laboratory are available for research; this lack of samples has limited the ability of researchers to perform such comparative studies. One way around this problem is to use induced pluripotent stem cells (or iPSCs). IPSCs are created by exposing mature cells—for example, skin cells—to conditions and molecules that convert them into an embryonic-like state. This state—called ‘induced pluripotency’—allows the cells to be coaxed into becoming many different cell types that can be grown in the laboratory. But it is more difficult to establish high quality iPSCs from chimpanzees than it is from humans or mice. Gallego Romero, Pavlovic et al. have now addressed this problem by creating iPSCs from skin cells taken from seven healthy chimpanzees. These cell lines were then analysed and compared to each other and to seven iPSC lines created from human cells. The chimpanzee iPSC lines were found to be much more similar to each other than the mature cells that were used to make them. Similar results were also observed for the human iSPCs, which likely reflects the conserved changes that take place when the genomes of mature cells are reprogrammed to pluripotency. This high level of similarity between iPSCs from different individuals of the same species allowed Gallego Romero, Pavlovic et al. to discover many subtle differences in gene regulation between chimpanzees and humans. For example, over 4500 genes were found to be expressed differently in human and chimpanzee iPSCs, and over 3500 genomic regions had different patterns of certain DNA modifications that can help to regulate gene expression. These newly created chimpanzee iPSC lines represent a valuable resource for comparative studies of gene regulation. In the future, this resource could help researchers to identify further differences in gene regulation between closely related primate species. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07103.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan J Pavlovic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Michelle C Ward
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Courtney L Kagan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jonathan E Burnett
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Constance H Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Amy Mitrano
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Trevor R Leonardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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16
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Li Y, Parast M, Moretto Zita M, Soncin F. ΔNp63 Regulates HTRA4 Expression During Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.927.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Garitaonandia I, Amir H, Boscolo FS, Wambua GK, Schultheisz HL, Sabatini K, Morey R, Waltz S, Wang YC, Tran H, Leonardo TR, Nazor K, Slavin I, Lynch C, Li Y, Coleman R, Gallego Romero I, Altun G, Reynolds D, Dalton S, Parast M, Loring JF, Laurent LC. Increased risk of genetic and epigenetic instability in human embryonic stem cells associated with specific culture conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118307. [PMID: 25714340 PMCID: PMC4340884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) make them a promising source of material for cell transplantation therapy, drug development, and studies of cellular differentiation and development. However, the large numbers of cells necessary for many of these applications require extensive expansion of hPSC cultures, a process that has been associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. We have performed a combinatorial study on both hESCs and hiPSCs to compare the effects of enzymatic vs. mechanical passaging, and feeder-free vs. mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder substrate, on the genetic and epigenetic stability and the phenotypic characteristics of hPSCs. In extensive experiments involving over 100 continuous passages, we observed that both enzymatic passaging and feeder-free culture were associated with genetic instability, higher rates of cell proliferation, and persistence of OCT4/POU5F1-positive cells in teratomas, with enzymatic passaging having the stronger effect. In all combinations of culture conditions except for mechanical passaging on feeder layers, we noted recurrent deletions in the genomic region containing the tumor suppressor gene TP53, which was associated with decreased mRNA expression of TP53, as well as alterations in the expression of several downstream genes consistent with a decrease in the activity of the TP53 pathway. Among the hESC cultures, we also observed culture-associated variations in global gene expression and DNA methylation. The effects of enzymatic passaging and feeder-free conditions were also observed in hiPSC cultures. Our results highlight the need for careful assessment of the effects of culture conditions on cells intended for clinical therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cell Self Renewal
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Duplication
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genome, Human
- Genomic Instability
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Phenotype
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Garitaonandia
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Hadar Amir
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Francesca Sesillo Boscolo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Gerald K. Wambua
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Schultheisz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Karen Sabatini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Robert Morey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Shannon Waltz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Ha Tran
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Trevor R. Leonardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Nazor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Ileana Slavin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Candace Lynch
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612, United States of America
| | - Ronald Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th St, CLSC 317, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Gulsah Altun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - David Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States of America
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States of America
| | - Mana Parast
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612, United States of America
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCL); (JFL)
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Healthcare, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0695, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCL); (JFL)
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18
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Barbaux S, Erwich JJHM, Favaron PO, Gil S, Gallot D, Golos TG, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Guibourdenche J, Heazell AEP, Jansson T, Laprévote O, Lewis RM, Miller RK, Monk D, Novakovic B, Oudejans C, Parast M, Peugnet P, Pfarrer C, Pinar H, Roberts CT, Robinson W, Saffery R, Salomon C, Sexton A, Staff AC, Suter M, Tarrade A, Wallace J, Vaillancourt C, Vaiman D, Worton SA, Lash GE. IFPA meeting 2014 workshop report: Animal models to study pregnancy pathologies; new approaches to study human placental exposure to xenobiotics; biomarkers of pregnancy pathologies; placental genetics and epigenetics; the placenta and stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S5-10. [PMID: 25703592 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2014 there were six themed workshops, five of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of animal models, xenobiotics, pathological biomarkers, genetics and epigenetics, and stillbirth and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barbaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J J H M Erwich
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P O Favaron
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Gil
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Gallot
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Gynéco-Obstétrique-Reproduction Humaine, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université d'Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - T Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - O Laprévote
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R K Miller
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Novakovic
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Oudejans
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Parast
- Department of Pathology, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Peugnet
- INRA, UMR1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - C Pfarrer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - H Pinar
- WIH, Division of Perinatal Pathology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C T Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Salomon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Sexton
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle Children's, WA, USA
| | - A C Staff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Tarrade
- INRA, UMR1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - J Wallace
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - D Vaiman
- AP-HP, INSERM - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - S A Worton
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - G E Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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19
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Wolfe LM, Thiagarajan RD, Boscolo F, Taché V, Coleman RL, Kim J, Kwan WK, Loring JF, Parast M, Laurent LC. Banking placental tissue: an optimized collection procedure for genome-wide analysis of nucleic acids. Placenta 2014; 35:645-54. [PMID: 24951174 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Banking of high-quality placental tissue specimens will enable biomarker discovery and molecular studies on diseases involving placental dysfunction. Systematic studies aimed at developing feasible standardized methodology for placental collection in a typical clinical setting are lacking. METHODS To determine the acceptable timeframe for placental collection, we collected multiple samples from first and third trimester placentas at serial timepoints in a 2-h window after delivery, simultaneously comparing the traditional snap-freeze technique to commercial solutions designed to preserve RNA (RNAlater™), and DNA (DNAgard(®)). The performance of RNAlater for preserving DNA was also tested. Nucleic acid quality was assessed by determining the RNA integrity number (RIN) and genome-wide microarray profiling for gene expression and DNA methylation. RESULTS We found that samples collected in RNAlater had higher and more consistent RINs compared to snap-frozen tissue. Similar RINs were obtained for tissue collected in RNAlater as large (1 cm(3)) and small (∼0.1 cm(3)) pieces. RNAlater appeared to better stabilize the time zero gene expression profile compared to snap-freezing for first trimester placenta. DNA methylation profiles remained quite stable over a 2 h time period after removal of the placenta from the uterus, with DNAgard being superior to other treatments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The collection of placental samples in RNAlater and DNAgard is simple, and eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen or a freezer on-site. Moreover, the quality of the nucleic acids and the resulting data from samples collected in these preservation solutions is higher than samples collected using the snap-freeze method and easier to implement in busy clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wolfe
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - R D Thiagarajan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - F Boscolo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - V Taché
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - R L Coleman
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - W K Kwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - J F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - L C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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Ali SR, Fong JJ, Carlin AF, Busch TD, Linden R, Angata T, Areschoug T, Parast M, Varki N, Murray J, Nizet V, Varki A. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are polymorphic paired receptors that modulate neutrophil and amnion signaling responses to group B Streptococcus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1231-42. [PMID: 24799499 PMCID: PMC4042635 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are shown to be paired inhibitory/activating receptors expressed on neutrophils and amniotic epithelium and modulating immune responses to group B Streptococcus. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes invasive infections in human newborns. We recently showed that the GBS β-protein attenuates innate immune responses by binding to sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 5 (Siglec-5), an inhibitory receptor on phagocytes. Interestingly, neutrophils and monocytes also express Siglec-14, which has a ligand-binding domain almost identical to Siglec-5 but signals via an activating motif, raising the possibility that these are paired Siglec receptors that balance immune responses to pathogens. Here we show that β-protein–expressing GBS binds to both Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 on neutrophils and that the latter engagement counteracts pathogen-induced host immune suppression by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways. Siglec-14 is absent from some humans because of a SIGLEC14-null polymorphism, and homozygous SIGLEC14-null neutrophils are more susceptible to GBS immune subversion. Finally, we report an unexpected human-specific expression of Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 on amniotic epithelium, the site of initial contact of invading GBS with the fetus. GBS amnion immune activation was likewise influenced by the SIGLEC14-null polymorphism. We provide initial evidence that the polymorphism could influence the risk of prematurity among human fetuses of mothers colonized with GBS. This first functionally proven example of a paired receptor system in the Siglec family has multiple implications for regulation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza Ali
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jerry J Fong
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tamara D Busch
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Rebecka Linden
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Areschoug
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mana Parast
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nissi Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jeffrey Murray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Leon-Garcia S, Knepper K, Roeder H, Laurent LC, LaCoursiere Y, Parast M. Maternal obesity: gender-specific differences in placental pathology. Placenta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nambi Rajan KA, Iyer P, Moretto-Zita M, Tache V, McBurney M, Parast M. The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 regulates trophoblast differentiation and placental development. Placenta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zita MM, Soncin F, Nazor K, Laurent L, Parast M. Lost in transcription: a comparative microarray analysis of the trophoblast stem cell niche in mouse and human. Placenta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang W, Feng L, Zhang H, Hachy S, Satohisa S, Laurent LC, Parast M, Zheng J, Chen DB. Preeclampsia up-regulates angiogenesis-associated microRNA (i.e., miR-17, -20a, and -20b) that target ephrin-B2 and EPHB4 in human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1051-9. [PMID: 22438230 PMCID: PMC3387422 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Placental angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) that affects 5-8% of all human pregnancies. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of noncoding 21- to 25-nucleotide RNA that negatively regulate gene expression posttranscriptionly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that miRNA are differentially expressed in healthy term and PE placentas and a subclass of angiogenesis-associated miRNA are increased by PE. DESIGN Total miRNA were extracted from villous placental tissues from healthy term and severe preeclamptic pregnancies. Differential miRNA expression was analyzed by microarray and real-time quantitative PCR. Angiogenesis-associated miRNA were analyzed by target prediction databases. In situ hybridization was used to localize miRNA. Target verification was performed by transfection of miRNA precursors or antagomirs into endothelial and BeWo cells and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Three highly expressed miRNA (miR-17, -20a, and -20b) were found significantly increased in PE compared with healthy term placentas (n = 10 per group). They target on the same group of genes important for angiogenesis. miR-20b was expressed primarily in villous syncytiotrophoblasts in term placenta. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-20b differentially regulated mRNA expression of those genes in endothelial vs. trophoblast cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-20b targets EPHB4 and ephrin-B2 that have been shown to be critical for early human placental development. Placental ephrin-B2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in PE compared with normotensive pregnancies. CONCLUSION miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-20b are differentially regulated in human placentas by PE. They regulate EPHB4 and ephrin-B2 expression in trophoblast and endothelial cells via the same "seed" sequence, suggesting their roles in early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Hodges J, Wang W, Lechuga T, Laurent L, Parast M, Chen DB. 765: Human placental expression of the hydrogen sulfide synthesizing system: effects of gestational age and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Quinn K, Lacoursiere D, Cui L, Parast M. 767: Early-onset severe preeclampsia is associated with decreased decidual t regulatory cells and increased chorionic trophoblast apoptosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Quinn K, Cui L, Lacoursiere Y, Parast M. 40: Preterm severe preeclampsia is associated with decreased decidual T regulatory cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Taché V, Laurent L, Parast M. 551: The role of hypoxia in regulation of trophoblast proliferation and gene expression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Boukhelifa M, Moza M, Johansson T, Rachlin A, Parast M, Huttelmaier S, Roy P, Jockusch BM, Carpen O, Karlsson R, Otey CA. The proline-rich protein palladin is a binding partner for profilin. FEBS J 2006; 273:26-33. [PMID: 16367745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladin is an actin-associated protein that has been suggested to play critical roles in establishing cell morphology and maintaining cytoskeletal organization in a wide variety of cell types. Palladin has been shown previously to bind directly to three different actin-binding proteins vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), alpha-actinin and ezrin, suggesting that it functions as an organizing unit that recruits actin-regulatory proteins to specific subcellular sites. Palladin contains sequences resembling a motif known to bind profilin. Here, we demonstrate that palladin is a binding partner for profilin, interacting with profilin via a poly proline-containing sequence in the amino-terminal half of palladin. Double-label immunofluorescence staining shows that palladin and profilin partially colocalize in actin-rich structures in cultured astrocytes. Our results suggest that palladin may play an important role in recruiting profilin to sites of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Boukhelifa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7545, USA
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Ono K, Parast M, Alberico C, Benian GM, Ono S. Specific requirement for two ADF/cofilin isoforms in distinct actin-dependent processes in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:2073-85. [PMID: 12679387 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is an essential enhancer of actin turnover. Multicellular organisms express multiple ADF/cofilin isoforms in different patterns of tissue distribution. However, the functional significance of different ADF/cofilin isoforms is not understood. The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-60 gene generates two ADF/cofilins, UNC-60A and UNC-60B, by alternative splicing. These two ADF/cofilin proteins have different effects on actin dynamics in vitro, but their functional difference in vivo remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the two isoforms are expressed in different tissues and are required for distinct morphogenetic processes. UNC-60A was ubiquitously expressed in most embryonic cells and enriched in adult gonads, intestine and oocytes. In contrast, UNC-60B was specifically expressed in the body wall muscle, vulva and spermatheca. RNA interference of UNC-60A caused embryonic lethality with variable defects in cytokinesis and developmental patterning. In severely affected embryos, a cleavage furrow was formed and progressed but reversed before completion of the cleavage. Also, in some affected embryos, positioning of the blastomeres became abnormal, which resulted in embryonic arrest. In contrast, an unc-60B-null mutant was homozygous viable, underwent normal early embryogenesis and caused disorganization of actin filaments specifically in body wall muscle. These results suggest that the ADF/cofilin isoforms play distinct roles in specific aspects of actin reorganization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Whitehead IO5N, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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