1
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Ueki M, Suzuki T, Kato Y. Large-scale cultivation of human iPS cells in bioreactor with reciprocal mixing. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:149-155. [PMID: 38185598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A substantial number of human iPS cells (hiPSCs) is needed for cell therapy to be successful against various diseases. We previously reported on a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing that produces specific physical properties that differ from those of conventional bioreactors with rotary paddle stirring. Moreover, such reactors not only provide a homogeneous environment but also allow the control of spheroid size by changing the mixing speed. In this study, we applied this bioreactor to the large-scale cultivation of hiPSCs. Approximately 10 billion hiPSCs were obtained from 2.0 L of culture, and the high expression of pluripotency markers was maintained. Our findings indicate that a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing can be used for large-scale hiPSC cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Multimix Corporation, 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
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2
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Tiwari SK, Rana TM. Generation of 3D lung organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling of lung development and viral infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19601. [PMID: 37809493 PMCID: PMC10558843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models has hampered progress in understanding human lung development and disease. Here, we describe a protocol in which human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) undergo stepwise differentiation into definitive endoderm (>88% population) to three-dimensional (3D) lung organoids (LORGs), which contain both epithelial and mesenchymal cellular architecture and display proximal and distal airway patterning. These LORGs can maintained for more than 90 days by re-embedding in the Matrigel. We show the utility of LORGs for disease modeling and drug screening by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and treatment with antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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3
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Nalbandian M, Zhao M, Sakurai H. Evaluation of hiPSC-Derived Muscle Progenitor Cell Transplantation in a Mouse Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Model. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2587:527-536. [PMID: 36401048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2772-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For cell therapy toward Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD), muscle progenitor cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC-MuPCs) are recognized as a good candidate, and currently, cell transplantation of hiPSC-MuPCs is being tested with several DMD animal models. In this article, we describe an efficient method to dissociate, purify by cell sorting, transplant, and evaluate the transplantation efficacy of hiPSC-MuPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Nalbandian
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Yi R, Hashimoto R, Sakamoto A, Matsumura Y, Nagao M, Takahashi K, Takayama K. Exocyst complex component 2 is a potential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2022; 25:105427. [PMID: 36310645 PMCID: PMC9595492 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an epidemic and spread rapidly all over the world. Because the analysis of host factors other than receptors and proteases has not been sufficiently performed, we attempted to identify and characterize host factors essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection using iPS cells and airway organoids (AO). Based on previous CRISPR screening and RNA-seq data, we found that exocyst complex component 2 (EXOC2) is one important host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The intracellular SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) expression level was decreased to 3.7 % and the virus copy number in cell culture medium was decreased to 1.6 % by EXOC2 knockdown. Consistently, immunostaining results showed that N protein-positive cells were significantly decreased by EXOC2 knockdown. We also found that EXOC2 knockdown downregulates SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating IFNW1 expression. In conclusion, controlling the EXOC2 expression level may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxing Yi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Corresponding author
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5
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Elhussieny A, Nogami K, Sakai-Takemura F, Maruyama Y, Takemura N, Soliman WT, Takeda S, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells improve the engraftment of myogenic cells by secreting urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:532. [PMID: 34627382 PMCID: PMC8501581 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Transplantation of myogenic stem cells holds great promise for treating muscular dystrophies. However, poor engraftment of myogenic stem cells limits the therapeutic effects of cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to secrete soluble factors necessary for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Methods We induced MSC-like cells (iMSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and examined the effects of iMSCs on the proliferation and differentiation of human myogenic cells and on the engraftment of human myogenic cells in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of NSG-mdx4Cv mice, an immunodeficient dystrophin-deficient DMD model. We also examined the cytokines secreted by iMSCs and tested their effects on the engraftment of human myogenic cells. Results iMSCs promoted the proliferation and differentiation of human myogenic cells to the same extent as bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs in coculture experiments. In cell transplantation experiments, iMSCs significantly improved the engraftment of human myogenic cells injected into the TA muscle of NSG-mdx4Cv mice. Cytokine array analysis revealed that iMSCs produced insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at higher levels than did BM-MSCs. We further found that uPAR stimulates the migration of human myogenic cells in vitro and promotes their engraftment into the TA muscles of immunodeficient NOD/Scid mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that iMSCs are a new tool to improve the engraftment of myogenic progenitors in dystrophic muscle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02594-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhussieny
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ken'ichiro Nogami
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fusako Sakai-Takemura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takemura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Wael Talaat Soliman
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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6
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Yoshimatsu M, Ohnishi H, Zhao C, Hayashi Y, Kuwata F, Kaba S, Okuyama H, Kawai Y, Hiwatashi N, Kishimoto Y, Sakamoto T, Ikeya M, Omori K. In vivo regeneration of rat laryngeal cartilage with mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells via neural crest cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102233. [PMID: 33607469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The laryngotracheal cartilage is a cardinal framework for the maintenance of the airway for breathing, which occasionally requires reconstruction. Because hyaline cartilage has a poor intrinsic regenerative ability, various regenerative approaches have been attempted to regenerate laryngotracheal cartilage. The use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage regeneration has been widely investigated. However, long-term culture may limit proliferative capacity. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) can circumvent this problem due to their unlimited proliferative capacity. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of iMSCs in the regeneration of thyroid cartilage in immunodeficient rats. Herein, we induced iMSCs through neural crest cell intermediates. For the relevance to prospective future clinical application, induction was conducted under xeno-free/serum-free conditions. Then, clumps fabricated from an iMSC/extracellular matrix complex (C-iMSC) were transplanted into thyroid cartilage defects in immunodeficient rats. Histological examinations revealed cartilage-like regenerated tissue and human nuclear antigen (HNA)-positive surviving transplanted cells in the regenerated lesion. HNA-positive cells co-expressed SOX9, and type II collagen was identified around HNA-positive cells. These results indicated that the transplanted C-iMSCs promoted thyroid cartilage regeneration and some of the iMSCs differentiated into chondrogenic lineage cells. Induced MSCs may be a promising candidate cell therapy for human laryngotracheal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chengzhu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kuwata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okuyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiwatashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Inoue C, Negoro R, Takayama K, Mizuguchi H, Sakurai F. Asymmetric profiles of infection and innate immunological responses in human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial-like cell monolayers following infection with mammalian reovirus. Virus Res 2021; 296:198334. [PMID: 33581186 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa plays an important role as an immune barrier due to its continual exposure to invading pathogens, including viruses. It is thus highly important to evaluate virus infection profiles in the intestinal mucosa for prevention of virus infection and development of antivirus medicines; however, only a few enterocyte lines are available as in vitro intestinal models for the evaluation of virus infection. In this study, we evaluated profiles of infection and innate immune responses following infection with a mammalian orthoreovirus (hereafter reovirus), which has often been used as a tractable model for studies of viral pathogenesis, in human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial-like cell (hiPS-SIEC) monolayers and cells of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2. The levels of reovirus infection were similar between hiPS-SIEC and Caco-2 cell monolayers, which are often used as an intestinal model, after apical and basolateral infection. In hiPS-SIEC monolayers, more efficient replication of the virus genome was observed following basolateral infection than apical infection, while apical infection resulted in higher levels of virus protein expression and progeny virus production than basolateral infection. Reovirus significantly induced innate immune responses, including expression of type I and III interferons (IFNs), in hiPS-SIEC monolayers more efficiently than Caco-2 cells. Higher levels of type I and III interferon (IFN) expression were found in hiPS-SIEC monolayers following apical infection than basolateral infection. These results suggested that hiPS-SIECs are a promising in vitro model for the evaluation of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Inoue
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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8
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Mitsui K, Takahashi T, Ide K, Matsuda E, Kosai KI. Optimization of adenoviral gene transfer in human pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 541:78-83. [PMID: 33482579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cells in vitro and have applications in basic developmental biology research and regenerative medicine. To understand the process of differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to functional cells, it is necessary to efficiently and safely transfer and express exogenous genes. We attempted to optimize the efficient transfer of genes into pluripotent stem cells using adenoviral vectors. Comparative study of the activities of three representative ubiquitously active promoters revealed that only the CA promoter allowed robust transgene expression in human pluripotent stem cells. In addition, we established a protocol that allowed us to efficiently introduce target genes and ensure their expression even in small numbers of cells. Adenoviral vector infection of pluripotent stem cells in single-cell suspension culture yielded high gene transfer efficiency with low cytotoxicity, without losing the undifferentiated state of the pluripotent stem cells. This optimized system will facilitate developmental biology research and regenerative medicine using pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Mitsui
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan; South Kyushu Center for Innovative Medical Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan; Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Ide
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Eriko Matsuda
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan; Center for Innovative Therapy Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan; South Kyushu Center for Innovative Medical Research and Application, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan; Translational Research Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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9
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Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are among the most promising tools for regenerative myocardial therapy and in vitro modeling of cardiac disease; however, their full potential cannot be met without robust methods for differentiating them into cardiac-lineage cells. Here, we present novel protocols for generating hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and for assembling them into a patch of human cardiac muscle (hCMP). The differentiation protocols can be completed in just a few weeks and are substantially more efficient than conventional methods, while the hCMP fabrication procedure produces a patch of clinically relevant size and incorporates a simple method for maturing the engineered tissue via mechanical stimulation. We also describe how the patch can be evaluated in a large-animal (swine) model of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianyi Jay Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The small intestine plays roles in the absorption and metabolism of orally administered drugs and chemicals. Tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells, which form a tight barrier preventing the invasion of pathogens and toxins, are essential components of the intestinal defense system. These intestinal functions have generally been evaluated using established cell lines or primary cells in two-dimensional culture. However, these culture systems have not shown the complexity of the three-dimensional structure and diversity of cell types comprising the intestinal epithelial tissue. Here, we report the generation of intestinal organoids using human induced pluripotent stem cells subjected to sequential treatment with different cytokines and compounds. We further describe the tool for evaluating intestinal barrier functions using organoids as a physiologically relevant human platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kawasaki, Japan.,Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kawasaki, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
The keratinocytes are predominant cells in the epidermis of the human skin. To assess the cellular response of the keratinocytes to the genotoxic stress, we derived the skin keratinocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture method is powerful tool to analyze the organ and tissue response against the genotoxic stress. Here we describe the method of 3D organoid culture using skin keratinocytes derived from human iPSCs.
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12
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Kobayashi Y, Hayashi R, Shibata S, Quantock AJ, Nishida K. Ocular surface ectoderm instigated by WNT inhibition and BMP4. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101868. [PMID: 32603880 PMCID: PMC7347012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to elucidate how and when the ocular surface ectoderm commits to its differentiation into the corneal epithelium in eye development from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) under the influence of WNT signaling and the actions of BMP4. These signals are key drivers ocular surface ectodermal cell fate determination. It was discovered that secreted frizzled related protein-2 (SFRP2) and Dickkopf1 (DKK1), which are expressed in neural ectoderm, are both influential in the differentiation of hiPSCs, where they act as canonical WNT antagonists. BMP4, moreover, was found to simultaneously initiate non-neural ectodermal differentiation into a corneal epithelial lineage. Combined treatment of hiPSCs with exogenous BMP4 aligned to WNT inhibition for the initial four days of differentiation increased the ocular surface ectodermal cell population and induced a corneal epithelial phenotype. Specification of a surface ectodermal lineage and its fate is thus determined by a fine balance of BMP4 exposure and WNT inhibition in the very earliest stages of human eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research and Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Osaka, Osaka 544-8666, Japan
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Sugimoto K, Hayashi Y. The Characteristics of Human iPS Cells and siRNA Transfection Under Hypoxia. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32567017 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The characteristics of pluripotent cells have great potential for basic and clinical research and application. We describe the effect of normoxia or hypoxia regarding the proliferation and pluripotency of human iPS cells using colony number counting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the function of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in human iPS cells under hypoxic conditions is evaluated in relation to the expression of pluripotency markers by siRNA and real-time PCR. Furthermore, we introduce the change of HIF-2α expression when signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is suppressed by its inhibitor, Stattic or S31 201, using RT-PCR.
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14
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Chen SD, Li HQ, Cui M, Dong Q, Yu JT. Pluripotent stem cells for neurodegenerative disease modeling: an expert view on their value to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1081-1094. [PMID: 32425128 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1767579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases have become a major global health concern, posing a huge disease burden on patients and their families. Although there has been rapid progress in the development of therapies, a lack of accurate disease models and efficient drug screening platforms have made achieving a breakthrough difficult. The technology of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) shows better recapitulation of disease pathophysiology and provides a more accessible supply of patient-specific samples compared to other modeling methods. It has been a powerful tool for mechanism exploration and drug development. AREAS COVERED This review describes the recent use of human iPSC-derived cells for modeling neurodegenerative disorders and discovering potential drugs. EXPERT OPINION Model systems based on iPSC-derived cells have created a paradigm shift in drug discovery. Accuracy, consistency, translatability, and cost-effectiveness are the four major focuses of academic and industrial communities to fulfill the potential of iPSC technology for their purposes. It is the art of balance between these four factors to generate efficacious outputs with maximum efficiency. Future studies should persist in refining this technology and promote its application in this field to benefit all the disease-affected population eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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Kondo S, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Establishment of a novel culture method for maintaining intestinal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049064. [PMID: 31919043 PMCID: PMC6955217 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs due to the presence of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, few appropriate methods exist to investigate intestinal pharmacokinetics. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can form various types of cells and represent a potentially useful tool for drug discovery. We previously reported that differentiated enterocytes from human iPS cells are useful for pharmacokinetic studies; however, the process is time and resource intensive. Here, we established a new two-dimensional culture method for maintaining human iPS-cell-derived intestinal stem cells (ISCs) with differentiation potency and evaluated their ability to differentiate into enterocytes exhibiting appropriate pharmacokinetic function. The culture method used several factors to activate signalling pathways required for maintaining stemness, followed by differentiation into enterocytes. Functional evaluation was carried out to verify epithelial-marker expression and inducibility and activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters. Our results confirmed the establishment of an ISC culture method for maintaining stemness and verified that the differentiated enterocytes from the maintained ISCs demonstrated proper pharmacokinetic function. Thus, our findings describe a time- and cost-effective approach that can be used as a general evaluation tool for evaluating intestinal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell-derived neurons promise to provide better model cells for drug discovery in the context of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The neuronal differentiation protocol described encompasses a cellular amplification phase for hiPS-derived neural progenitor (NP) cells. Thus, the combination of growth factor-driven expansion and inhibition of notch (GRINCH) enabled the scalable production of neurons in sufficient numbers to meet the immense material needs of a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign. These GRINCH cells matured in 384-well microplates display neuronal markers and electrophysiological activity. The differentiation protocol was applicable to various human hiPS cell clones. In a finding and profiling campaign for modulators of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), the GRINCH neurons were shown to be suitable for measuring the phosphorylation and downstream signaling of the endogenously expressed TrkB. The employed techniques in the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (Alpha) and the high-throughput reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) format are transferable to other pharmaceutical drug targets. Together with the GRINCH neurons, these detection technologies open new experimental routes with tremendous potential for early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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17
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Kamiya A, Anzai K, Tsuruya K, Chikada H. Culture System of Bile Duct-Like Cystic Structures Derived from Human-Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1905:143-153. [PMID: 30536097 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8961-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are multipotent stem cells that are produced by gene transfer of reprogramming factors to somatic cells. They are thought to be an important source of regenerative medicine because of their pluripotency and self-renewal ability. Although the liver has high regeneration ability, continuous death of hepatocytes due to chronic inflammation leads to liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. With regard to such serious liver diseases, liver transplantation is used as a complete cure, but there is a problem of donor shortage. Therefore, transplantation therapy using liver tissue generated from stem cells in vitro is expected.We are developing a system to induce the differentiation of cholangiocytes, one of important non-parenchymal cells in living liver tissue, from human iPS cells. Bile duct-like cystic structures can be induced by purifying human iPS cell-derived hepatoblasts expressing hepatic progenitor cell surface markers and inducing differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. These cells are considered to be useful in constructing a hepatic organoid that reproduces the liver structure of the living body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate Scool of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Tsuruya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Chikada
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kondo S, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Using human iPS cell-derived enterocytes as novel in vitro model for the evaluation of human intestinal mucosal damage. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:975-984. [PMID: 30317465 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The primary component in gut mucus is mucin 2 (MUC2) secreted by goblet cells. Fluctuations in MUC2 expression are considered a useful indicator for evaluating mucosal damage and protective effect of various agents using animal studies. However, there are few in vitro studies evaluating mucosal damage using MUC2 as the indicator. Hence, we attempted to establish a novel in vitro model with MUC2 as the indicator for evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effect using enterocytes derived from human iPS cells. METHODS Compounds were added into enterocytes derived from human iPS cells, and MUC2 mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. Further, the effect of compounds on membrane permeability was investigated. RESULTS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to decrease MUC2 mRNA expression in enterocytes, whereas mucosal protective agents increased mRNA levels. Changes in MUC2 protein expression were consistent with those of mRNA. Additionally, our results indicated that indomethacin caused mucosal damage, affecting membrane permeability of the drug. Moreover, we observed protective effect of rebamipide against the indomethacin-induced permeability increase. CONCLUSIONS The developed model could facilitate evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effects of various agents and could impact drug development studies regarding pharmacological efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Masumoto H, Yamashita JK. Human iPS cell-engineered three-dimensional cardiac tissues perfused by capillary networks between host and graft. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:26. [PMID: 30338009 PMCID: PMC6178271 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy is expected to be a promising strategy for the treatment of severe heart diseases. Pluripotent stem cells enabled us to reconstruct regenerated myocardium in injured hearts as an engineered tissue aiming for cardiac regeneration. To establish a long-term survival of transplanted three-dimensional (3D) engineered heart tissues in vivo, it is indispensable to induce microcapillaries into the engineered tissues after transplantation. Using temperature-responsive culture surface, we have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue sheets including multiple cardiac cell lineages. The application of gelatin hydrogel microsphere between the cell sheet stacks enabled us to generate thick stacked cell sheets with functional vascular network in vivo. Another technology to generate 3D engineered cardiac tissues using cardiac cells and biomaterials also validated successful induction of vascular network originated from both host and graft-derived vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan.,2Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.,3Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan.,4Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- 3Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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20
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Kamiya A, Chikada H, Ida K, Ando E, Tsuruya K, Kagawa T, Inagaki Y. An in vitro model of polycystic liver disease using genome-edited human inducible pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 32:17-24. [PMID: 30172093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing liver, bile duct structure is formed through differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) into cholangiocytes. A subtype of polycystic liver diseases characterized by uncontrolled expansion of bile ductal cells is caused by genetic abnormalities such as in that of protein kinase C substrate 80 K-H (PRKCSH). In this study, we aimed to mimic the disease process in vitro by genome editing of the PRKCSH locus in human inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. A proportion of cultured human iPS cell-derived CD13+CD133+ HPC differentiated into CD13- cells. During the subsequent gel embedding culture, CD13- cells formed bile ductal marker-positive cystic structures with the polarity of epithelial cells. A deletion of PRKCSH gene increased expression of cholangiocytic transcription factors in CD13- cells and the number of cholangiocytic cyst structure. These results suggest that PRKCSH deficiency promotes the differentiation of HPC-derived cholangiocytes, providing a good in vitro model to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying polycystic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Chikada
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ida
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Emi Ando
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Tsuruya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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21
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Strnadel J, Wang H, Carromeu C, Miyanohara A, Fujimura K, Blahovcova E, Nosal V, Skovierova H, Klemke R, Halasova E. Transplantation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors into Early-Stage Zebrafish Embryos. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:351-358. [PMID: 30003430 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) generated from somatic cells through reprogramming hold great promises for regenerative medicine. However, how reprogrammed cells survive, behave in vivo, and interact with host cells after transplantation still remains to be addressed. There is a significant need for animal models that allow in vivo tracking of transplanted cells in real time. In this regard, the zebrafish, a tropical freshwater fish, provides significant advantage as it is optically transparent and can be imaged in high resolution using confocal microscopy. The principal goal of this study was to optimize the protocol for successful short-term and immunosuppression-free transplantation of human iPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells into zebrafish and to test their ability to differentiate in this animal model. To address this aim, we isolated human iPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells from human fibroblasts and grafted them into (a) early (blastocyst)-stage wild-type AB zebrafish embryos or (b) 3-day-old Tg(gfap:GFP) zebrafish embryos (intracranial injection). We found that transplanted human neuronal progenitor cells can be effectively grafted and that they differentiate and survive in zebrafish for more than 2 weeks, validating the model as an ideal platform for in vivo screening experiments. We conclude that zebrafish provides an excellent model for studying iPS cell-derived cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strnadel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C Carromeu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - A Miyanohara
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K Fujimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - E Blahovcova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Nosal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - H Skovierova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Klemke
- Department of Pathology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - E Halasova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Hanawa M, Takayama K, Sakurai F, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha Promotes Definitive Endoderm Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2017;13:542-551. [PMID: 28000155 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a key transcription factor for liver development. Although HNF4α is necessary for hepatoblast differentiation, the function of HNF4α before the hepatoblast differentiation, such as in definitive endoderm differentiation, is not well known. In addition, it is known that there are nine HNF4α isoforms, but the expression and function of each HNF4α isoform during the definitive endoderm differentiation is also not clear. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of HNF4α and its functions in the definitive endoderm differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. We found that the HNF4α-1D isoform expression levels were significantly increased during the definitive endoderm differentiation, while the HNF4α-1A isoform expression levels did not change. Therefore, we further examined the function of the HNF4α-1D isoform in definitive endoderm differentiation. HNF4α-1D overexpression or knockdown was found to promote or prevent the definitive endoderm differentiation, respectively. Interestingly, Lefty1 was directly regulated by HNF4α-1D, and Lefty1 knockdown also prevented the definitive endoderm differentiation. These results suggest that HNF4α-1D promotes definitive endoderm differentiation through the regulation of Lefty1. To our knowledge, this is the first report to clarify the expression pattern and function of HNF4α during the definitive endoderm differentiation.
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Kobayashi Y, Hayashi R, Quantock AJ, Nishida K. Generation of a TALEN-mediated, p63 knock-in in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:256-265. [PMID: 29179035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of p63 in surface ectodermal cells during development of the cornea, skin, oral mucosa and olfactory placodes is integral to the process of cellular self-renewal and the maintenance of the epithelial stem cell status. Here, we used TALEN technology to generate a p63 knock-in (KI) human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell line in which p63 expression can be visualized via enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. The KI-hiPS cells maintained pluripotency and expressed the stem cell marker gene, ΔNp63α. They were also able to successfully differentiate into functional corneal epithelial cells as assessed by p63 expression in reconstructed corneal epithelium. This approach enables the tracing of p63-expressing cell lineages throughout epithelial development, and represents a promising application in the field of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamdaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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24
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Yamada-Goto N, Ochi Y, Katsuura G, Yamashita Y, Ebihara K, Noguchi M, Fujikura J, Taura D, Sone M, Hosoda K, Gottschall PE, Nakao K. Neuronal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a functional tool of melanocortin system. Neuropeptides 2017; 65:10-20. [PMID: 28434791 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preparation of human neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can serve as a potential tool for evaluating the physiological and pathophysiological properties of human neurons and for drug development. METHODS In the present study, the functional activity in neuronal cells differentiated from human iPS cells was observed. RESULTS The differentiated cells expressed mRNAs for classical neuronal markers (microtubule-associated protein 2, β-tubulin III, calbindin 1, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95) and for subunits of various excitatory and inhibitory transmitters (NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GABAA α1). Moreover, the differentiated cells expressed neuropeptides and receptors which are predominantly present in the hypothalamus. The expression of mRNA for preopiomelanocortin, agouti-related protein (AgRP), melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) increased in culture with a peak on Day 30 which subsequently decreased at Day 45. Immunoreactivities for MC3R and MC4R were also observed in cells differentiated from human iPS cells. Application of a potent agonist for MC3R and MC4R, [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels, but this was suppressed by AgRP (83-132) and SHU9119. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer the possibility for drug developments using neurons differentiated from normal or disease-associated human iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Yamada-Goto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yukari Ochi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michio Noguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Fujikura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiminori Hosoda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Human Health Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Paul E Gottschall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slot 611, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Sakurai F, Kunito T, Takayama K, Hashimoto R, Tachibana M, Sakamoto N, Wakita T, Mizuguchi H. Hepatitis C virus-induced innate immune responses in human iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Virus Res 2017; 242:7-15. [PMID: 28893653 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. In order to develop effective remedies for hepatitis C, it is important to understand the HCV infection profile and host-HCV interaction. HCV-induced innate immune responses play a crucial role in spontaneous HCV clearance; however, HCV-induced innate immune responses have not been fully evaluated in hepatocytes, partly because there are few in vitro models of HCV-induced innate immunity. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have received much attention as an in vitro model of infection with various pathogens, including HCV. We previously established highly functional hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human iPS cells (iPS-HLCs). Here, we examined the potential of iPS-HLCs as an in vitro HCV infection model, especially for evaluation of the relationship between HCV infection levels and HCV-induced innate immunity. Significant expressions of type I and III interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were induced following transfection with HCV genomic replicon RNA in iPS-HLCs. Following inoculation with the HCV JFH-1 strain in iPS-HLCs, peaks of HCV genome replication and HCV protein expression were observed on day 2, and then both the HCV genome and protein levels gradually declined, while the mRNA levels of type III IFNs and ISGs peaked at day 2 following inoculation. These results suggest that the HCV genome efficiently replicates in iPS-HLCs, resulting in HCV genome-induced up-regulation of IFNs and ISGs, and thereafter, HCV genome-induced up-regulation of IFNs and ISGs mediates a reduction in the HCV genome and protein levels in iPS-HLCs.
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26
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O'Brien CM, Chy HS, Zhou Q, Blumenfeld S, Lambshead JW, Liu X, Kie J, Capaldo BD, Chung TL, Adams TE, Phan T, Bentley JD, McKinstry WJ, Oliva K, McMurrick PJ, Wang YC, Rossello FJ, Lindeman GJ, Chen D, Jarde T, Clark AT, Abud HE, Visvader JE, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Loring JF, Laslett AL. New Monoclonal Antibodies to Defined Cell Surface Proteins on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:626-640. [PMID: 28009074 PMCID: PMC5412944 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study and application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be enhanced by the availability of well‐characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) detecting cell‐surface epitopes. Here, we report generation of seven new mAbs that detect cell surface proteins present on live and fixed human ES cells (hESCs) and human iPS cells (hiPSCs), confirming our previous prediction that these proteins were present on the cell surface of hPSCs. The mAbs all show a high correlation with POU5F1 (OCT4) expression and other hPSC surface markers (TRA‐160 and SSEA‐4) in hPSC cultures and detect rare OCT4 positive cells in differentiated cell cultures. These mAbs are immunoreactive to cell surface protein epitopes on both primed and naive state hPSCs, providing useful research tools to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying human pluripotency and states of cellular reprogramming. In addition, we report that subsets of the seven new mAbs are also immunoreactive to human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), normal human breast subsets and both normal and tumorigenic colorectal cell populations. The mAbs reported here should accelerate the investigation of the nature of pluripotency, and enable development of robust cell separation and tracing technologies to enrich or deplete for hPSCs and other human stem and somatic cell types. Stem Cells2017;35:626–640
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M O'Brien
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hun S Chy
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack W Lambshead
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Kie
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Tung-Liang Chung
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tram Phan
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Bentley
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thierry Jarde
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
| | - Jane E Visvader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Abstract
Stem cells have the unique properties of self-renewal and multipotency (producing progeny belonging to two or more lineages). Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from somatic cells by simultaneous expression of pluripotent factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc). They share the same properties as embryonic stem (ES) cells and can differentiate into several tissue cells, i.e., neurons, hematopoietic cells, and liver cells. Therefore, iPS cells are suitable candidate cells for regenerative medicine and analyses of disease mechanisms.The liver is the major organ that regulates a multitude of metabolic functions. Hepatocytes are the major cell type populating the liver parenchyma and express several metabolic enzymes that are necessary for liver functions. Although hepatocytes are essential for maintaining homeostasis, it is difficult to alter artificial and transplanted cells because of their multifunctionality, donor shortage, and immunorejection risk. During liver development, hepatic progenitor cells in the fetal liver differentiate into both mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. As hepatic progenitor cells have bipotency and high proliferation ability, they could present a potential source for generating transplantable cells or as a liver study model. Here we describe the induction and purification of hepatic progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells. These cells can proliferate for a long term under suitable culture conditions.
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28
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Malan D, Zhang M, Stallmeyer B, Müller J, Fleischmann BK, Schulze-Bahr E, Sasse P, Greber B. Human iPS cell model of type 3 long QT syndrome recapitulates drug-based phenotype correction. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:14. [PMID: 26803770 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome is a potentially life-threatening disease characterized by delayed repolarization of cardiomyocytes, QT interval prolongation in the electrocardiogram, and a high risk for sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmia. The genetic type 3 of this syndrome (LQT3) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the SCN5A cardiac sodium channel gene which mediates the fast Nav1.5 current during action potential initiation. Here, we report the analysis of LQT3 human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). These were generated from a patient with a heterozygous p.R1644H mutation in SCN5A known to interfere with fast channel inactivation. LQT3 hiPSC-CMs recapitulated pathognomonic electrophysiological features of the disease, such as an accelerated recovery from inactivation of sodium currents as well as action potential prolongation, especially at low stimulation rates. In addition, unlike previously described LQT3 hiPSC models, we observed a high incidence of early after depolarizations (EADs) which is a trigger mechanism for arrhythmia in LQT3. Administration of specific sodium channel inhibitors was found to shorten action and field potential durations specifically in LQT3 hiPSC-CMs and antagonized EADs in a dose-dependent manner. These findings were in full agreement with the pharmacological response profile of the underlying patient and of other patients from the same family. Thus, our data demonstrate the utility of patient-specific LQT3 hiPSCs for assessing pharmacological responses to putative drugs and for improving treatment efficacies.
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29
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Wu J, Hunt SD, Xue H, Liu Y, Darabi R. Generation and validation of PAX7 reporter lines from human iPS cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:220-8. [PMID: 26826926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of iPS cells toward various tissue progenitors has been the focus of recent research. Therefore, generation of tissue-specific reporter iPS cell lines provides better understanding of developmental stages in iPS cells. This technical report describes an efficient strategy for generation and validation of knock-in reporter lines in human iPS cells using the Cas9-nickase system. Here, we have generated a knock-in human iPS cell line for the early myogenic lineage specification gene of PAX7. By introduction of site-specific double-stranded breaks (DSB) in the genomic locus of PAX7 using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase pairs, a 2A-GFP reporter with selection markers has been incorporated before the stop codon of the PAX7 gene at the last exon. After positive and negative selection, single cell-derived human iPS clones have been isolated and sequenced for in-frame positioning of the reporter construct. Finally, by using a nuclease-dead Cas9 activator (dCas9-VP160) system, the promoter region of PAX7 has been targeted for transient gene induction to validate the GFP reporter activity. This was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and immunostaining for PAX7 and GFP. This technical report provides a practical guideline for generation and validation of knock-in reporters using CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel D Hunt
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Senator Lloyd & B.A. Bentsen Center for Stroke Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells could be used as an unlimited source of retinal cells for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Although much progress has been made in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards different retinal lineages, the production of retinal cells from hiPS cells for therapeutic approaches require the development of easy and standardized protocols. In this chapter, we describe a simple and effective protocol for retinal differentiation of hiPS cells bypassing embryoid body formation and the use of exogenous molecules and substrates. In 2 weeks, confluent hiPS cells cultured in pro-neural medium can generate both retinal pigmented epithelial cells and self-forming neural retina-like structures containing retinal progenitor cells. These progenitors can be differentiated into all retinal cell types, including retinal ganglion cells and precursors of photoreceptors, which could find important applications in regenerative medicine. This differentiation system and the resulting hiPS-derived retinal cells will also offer opportunity to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human retinal development, and the establishment of in vitro models of human retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Reichman
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U968 , 17 Rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR S968 , Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7210, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U968 , 17 Rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR S968 , Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7210, Paris, France.
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31
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Avaliani N, Sørensen AT, Ledri M, Bengzon J, Koch P, Brüstle O, Deisseroth K, Andersson M, Kokaia M. Optogenetics reveal delayed afferent synaptogenesis on grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3088-98. [PMID: 25183299 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotency stem cell state has opened new opportunities in cell replacement therapy and disease modeling in a number of neurological disorders. It still remains unknown, however, to what degree the grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiate into a functional neuronal phenotype and if they integrate into the host circuitry. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the functional properties and synaptic integration of hiPSC-derived neurons grafted in an in vitro model of hyperexcitable epileptic tissue, namely organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), and in adult rats in vivo. The hiPSCs were first differentiated into long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells, which are known to form primarily GABAergic neurons. When differentiated in OHSCs for 6 weeks, lt-NES cell-derived neurons displayed neuronal properties such as tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents and action potentials (APs), as well as both spontaneous and evoked postsynaptic currents, indicating functional afferent synaptic inputs. The grafted cells had a distinct electrophysiological profile compared to host cells in the OHSCs with higher input resistance, lower resting membrane potential, and APs with lower amplitude and longer duration. To investigate the origin of synaptic afferents to the grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons, the host neurons were transduced with Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and optogenetically activated by blue light. Simultaneous recordings of synaptic currents in grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique at 6 weeks after grafting revealed limited synaptic connections from host neurons. Longer differentiation times, up to 24 weeks after grafting in vivo, revealed more mature intrinsic properties and extensive synaptic afferents from host neurons to the lt-NES cell-derived neurons, suggesting that these cells require extended time for differentiation/maturation and synaptogenesis. However, even at this later time point, the grafted cells maintained a higher input resistance. These data indicate that grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons receive ample afferent input from the host brain. Since the lt-NES cells used in this study show a strong propensity for GABAergic differentiation, the host-to-graft synaptic afferents may facilitate inhibitory neurotransmitter release, and normalize hyperexcitable neuronal networks in brain diseases, for example, such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Avaliani
- Epilepsy Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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32
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Morita A, Soga K, Nakayama H, Ishida T, Kawanishi S, Sato EF. Neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells induced by baicalin via regulation of bHLH gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:458-63. [PMID: 26277393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient differentiation is important for regenerative medicine based on pluripotent stem cells, including treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and trauma. Baicalin promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells of rats and mice. To evaluate the suitability of baicalin for neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells, we investigated whether it promotes neuronal differentiation in human iPS cells and monitored basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Baicalin promoted neuronal differentiation and inhibited glial differentiation, suggesting that baicalin can influence the neuronal fate decision in human iPS cells. Notch signaling, which is upstream of bHLH proteins, was not involved in baicalin-induced neuronal differentiation. Baicalin treatment did not down-regulate Hes1 gene expression, but it reduced Hes1 protein levels and up-regulated Ascl1 gene expression. Thus, baicalin promoted neuronal differentiation via modulation of bHLH transcriptional factors. Therefore, baicalin has potential to be used as a small-molecule drug for regenerative treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Kohei Soga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nakayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Torao Ishida
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Eisuke F Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
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33
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Duan L, Peng CY, Pan L, Kessler JA. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived radial glia recapitulate developmental events and provide real-time access to cortical neurons and astrocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:437-47. [PMID: 25834120 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of human cerebral cortex development are limited by difficulties in accessing and manipulating human neural tissue at specific development stages. We have derived human radial glia (hRG), which are responsible for most cerebral cortex neurogenesis, from human pluripotent stem cells. These hRG display the hallmark morphological, cellular, and molecular features of radial glia in vitro. They can be passaged and generate layer-specific subtypes of cortical neurons in a temporal and passage-dependent fashion. In later passages, they adopt a distinct progenitor phenotype that gives rise to cortical astrocytes and GABAergic interneurons. These hRG are also capable of following developmental cues to engraft, differentiate, migrate, and integrate into the embryonic mouse cortex when injected into E14 lateral ventricles. Moreover, hRG-derived cells can be cryopreserved at specific stages and retain their stage-specific phenotypes and competence when revived. Our study demonstrates that cultured hRG maintain a cell-intrinsic clock that regulates the progressive generation of stage-specific neuronal and glial subtypes. It also describes an easily accessible cell source for studying hRG lineage specification and progression and an on-demand supply of specific cortical neuron subtypes and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Duan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liuliu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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34
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Chou BK, Gu H, Gao Y, Dowey SN, Wang Y, Shi J, Li Y, Ye Z, Cheng T, Cheng L. A facile method to establish human induced pluripotent stem cells from adult blood cells under feeder-free and xeno-free culture conditions: a clinically compliant approach. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:320-32. [PMID: 25742692 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming human adult blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) cells by transient plasmid expression is becoming increasingly popular as an attractive method for generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells without the genomic alteration caused by genome-inserting vectors. However, its efficiency is relatively low with adult MNCs compared with cord blood MNCs and other fetal cells and is highly variable among different adult individuals. We report highly efficient iPS cell derivation under clinically compliant conditions via three major improvements. First, we revised a combination of three EBNA1/OriP episomal vectors expressing five transgenes, which increased reprogramming efficiency by ≥10-50-fold from our previous vectors. Second, human recombinant vitronectin proteins were used as cell culture substrates, alleviating the need for feeder cells or animal-sourced proteins. Finally, we eliminated the previously critical step of manually picking individual iPS cell clones by pooling newly emerged iPS cell colonies. Pooled cultures were then purified based on the presence of the TRA-1-60 pluripotency surface antigen, resulting in the ability to rapidly expand iPS cells for subsequent applications. These new improvements permit a consistent and reliable method to generate human iPS cells with minimal clonal variations from blood MNCs, including previously difficult samples such as those from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In addition, this method of efficiently generating iPS cells under feeder-free and xeno-free conditions allows for the establishment of clinically compliant iPS cell lines for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Kuan Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihui Gu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah N Dowey
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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35
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Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened the door to recreating pathological conditions in vitro using differentiation into diseased cells corresponding to each target tissue. Yet for muscular diseases, a method for reproducible and efficient myogenic differentiation from human iPSCs is required for in vitro modeling. Here, we introduce a myogenic differentiation protocol mediated by inducible transcription factor expression that reproducibly and efficiently drives human iPSCs into myocytes. Delivering a tetracycline-inducible, myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) piggyBac (PB) vector to human iPSCs enables the derivation of iPSCs that undergo uniform myogenic differentiation in a short period of time. This differentiation protocol yields a homogenous skeletal muscle cell population, reproducibly reaching efficiencies as high as 70-90 %. MYOD1-induced myocytes demonstrate characteristics of mature myocytes such as cell fusion and cell twitching in response to electric stimulation within 14 days of differentiation. This differentiation protocol can be applied widely in various types of patient-derived human iPSCs and has great prospects in disease modeling particularly with inherited diseases that require studies of early pathogenesis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Shoji
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Kamada M, Mitsui Y, Kumazaki T, Kawahara Y, Matsuo T, Takahashi T. Tumorigenic risk of human induced pluripotent stem cell explants cultured on mouse SNL76/7 feeder cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:668-73. [PMID: 25305485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential for tumor formation from transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives represents a high risk in their application to regenerative medicine. We examined the genetic origin and characteristics of tumors, that were formed when 13 hiPSC lines, established by ourselves, and 201B7 hiPSC from Kyoto University were transplanted into severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice. Though teratomas formed in 58% of mice, five angiosarcomas, one malignant solitary fibrous tumor and one undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma formed in the remaining mice. Three malignant cell lines were established from the tumors, which were derived from mitomycin C (MMC)-treated SNL76/7 (MMC-SNL) feeder cells, as tumor development from fusion cells between MMC-SNL and hiPSCs was negative by genetic analysis. While parent SNL76/7 cells produced malignant tumors, neither MMC-SNL nor MMC-treated mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) produced malignant tumors. When MMC-SNL feeder cells were co-cultured with hiPSCs, growing cell lines were generated, that expressed genes similar to the parent SNL76/7 cells. Thus, hiPSCs grown on MMC-SNL feeder cells have a high risk of generating feeder-derived malignant tumors. The possible mechanism(s) of growth restoration and the formation of multiple tumor types are discussed with respect of the interactions between MMC-SNL and hiPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuna Kamada
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Youji Mitsui
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kumazaki
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawahara
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Taira Matsuo
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan.
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Purwanti YI, Chen C, Lam DH, Wu C, Zeng J, Fan W, Wang S. Antitumor effects of CD40 ligand-expressing endothelial progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a metastatic breast cancer model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:923-35. [PMID: 24972599 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their intrinsic ability to home to tumor sites, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are attractive as cellular vehicles for targeted cancer gene therapy. However, collecting sufficient EPCs is one of the challenging issues critical for effective clinical translation of this new approach. In this study, we sought to explore whether human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could be used as a reliable and accessible cell source to generate human EPCs suitable for cancer treatment. We used an embryoid body formation method to derive CD133(+)CD34(+) EPCs from human iPS cells. The generated EPCs expressed endothelial markers such as CD31, Flk1, and vascular endothelial-cadherin without expression of the CD45 hematopoietic marker. After intravenous injection, the iPS cell-derived EPCs migrated toward orthotopic and lung metastatic tumors in the mouse 4T1 breast cancer model but did not promote tumor growth and metastasis. To investigate their therapeutic potential, the EPCs were transduced with baculovirus encoding the potent T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand. The systemic injection of the CD40 ligand-expressing EPCs stimulated the secretion of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ and increased the caspase 3/7 activity in the lungs with metastatic tumors, leading to prolonged survival of the tumor bearing mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that human iPS cell-derived EPCs have the potential to serve as tumor-targeted cellular vehicles for anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovita Ida Purwanti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dang Hoang Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ko JY, Kim KI, Park S, Im GI. In vitro chondrogenesis and in vivo repair of osteochondral defect with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3571-81. [PMID: 24462354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic features of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and examine the differences in the chondrogenesis between hiPSCs and human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMMSCs). Embryoid bodies (EBs) were formed from undifferentiated hiPSCs. After EBs were dissociated into single cells, chondrogenic culture was performed in pellets and alginate hydrogel. Chondro-induced hiPSCs were implanted in osteochondral defects created on the patellar groove of immunosuppressed rats and evaluated after 12 weeks. The ESC markers NANOG, SSEA4 and OCT3/4 disappeared while the mesodermal marker BMP-4 appeared in chondro-induced hiPSCs. After 21 days of culture, greater glycosaminoglycan contents and better chondrocytic features including lacuna and abundant matrix formation were observed from chondro-induced hiPSCs compared to chondro-induced hBMMSCs. The expression of chondrogenic markers including SOX-9, type II collagen, and aggrecan in chondro-induced hiPSCs was comparable to or greater than chondro-induced hBMMSCs. A remarkably low level of hypertrophic and osteogenic markers including type X collagen, type I collagen and Runx-2 was noted in chondro-induced hiPSCs compared to chondro-induced hBMMSCs. hiPSCs had significantly greater methylation of several CpG sites in COL10A1 promoter than hBMMSCs in either undifferentiated or chondro-induced state, suggesting an epigenetic cause of the difference in hypertrophy. The defects implanted with chondro-induced hiPSCs showed a significantly better quality of cartilage repair than the control defects, and the majority of cells in the regenerated cartilage consisted of implanted hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Ko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-Dong, Goyang 411-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-Dong, Goyang 411-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-Dong, Goyang 411-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-Dong, Goyang 411-773, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders affecting the bones and joints are major health problems among children and adults. Major challenges such as the genetic origins or poor diagnostics of severe skeletal disease hinder our understanding of human skeletal diseases. The recent advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (human iPS cells) provides an unparalleled opportunity to create human-specific models of human skeletal diseases. iPS cells have the ability to self-renew, allowing us to obtain large amounts of starting material, and have the potential to differentiate into any cell types in the body. In addition, they can carry one or more mutations responsible for the disease of interest or be genetically corrected to create isogenic controls. Our work has focused on modeling rare musculoskeletal disorders including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP), a congenital disease of increased heterotopic ossification. In this review, we will discuss our experiences and protocols differentiating human iPS cells toward the osteogenic lineage and their application to model skeletal diseases. A number of critical challenges and exciting new approaches are also discussed, which will allow the skeletal biology field to harness the potential of human iPS cells as a critical model system for understanding diseases of abnormal skeletal formation and bone regeneration.
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40
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Abstract
We describe a detailed method for directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), into functional classical brown adipocytes (BAs) under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. It is a two-tiered culture system, based on very simple techniques, a floating culture and a subsequent adherent culture. It does not require gene transfer. The entire process can be carried out in about 10 days. The key point is the usage of our special hematopoietic cytokine cocktail. Almost all the differentiated cells express uncoupling protein 1, a BA-selective marker, as determined by immunostaining. The differentiated cells show characteristics of classical BA as assessed by morphology and gene/protein expression. Moreover, the expression of myoblast marker genes is transiently induced during the floating culture step. hESC/hiPSC-derived BAs show significantly higher oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) than white adipocytes generated from human mesenchymal stem cell. They also show responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli, with about twofold upregulation in OCR by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist treatments. hESC/hiPSC-derived BAs exert in vivo calorigenic activities in response to β-AR agonist treatments as assessed by thermography. Finally, lipid and glucose metabolisms are significantly improved in hESC/hiPSC-derived BA-transplanted mice. Our system provides a highly feasible way to produce functional classical BA bearing metabolism-improving capacities from hESC/hiPSC under a feeder-free and serum-free condition without gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nishio
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saeki
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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