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de Oliveira KG, Bång-Rudenstam A, Beyer S, Boukredine A, Talbot H, Governa V, Johansson MC, Månsson AS, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Bengzon J, Malmström J, Welinder C, Belting M. Decoding of the surfaceome and endocytome in primary glioblastoma cells identifies potential target antigens in the hypoxic tumor niche. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38414005 PMCID: PMC10898066 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we decode the surfaceome and endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxic stress in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. We employed a comprehensive approach for global and dynamic profiling of the surfaceome and endocytosed (endocytome) proteins and their regulation by hypoxia in patient-derived GBM cultures. We found a heterogeneous surface-endocytome profile and a divergent response to hypoxia across GBM cultures. We provide a quantitative ranking of more than 600 surface resident and endocytosed proteins, and their regulation by hypoxia, serving as a resource to the cancer research community. As proof-of-concept, the established target antigen CD44 was identified as a commonly and abundantly expressed surface protein with high endocytic activity. Among hypoxia induced proteins, we reveal CXADR, CD47, CD81, BSG, and FXYD6 as potential targets of the stressed GBM niche. We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. Selected candidates were finally confronted by treatment studies, showing their high capacity for internalization and ADC delivery. Importantly, we highlight the limited correlation between transcriptomics and proteomics, emphasizing the critical role of membrane protein enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface-endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxia in GBM as a resource for exploration of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bång-Rudenstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarah Beyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel Boukredine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugo Talbot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Governa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria C Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Månsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Rydelius A, Bengzon J, Engelholm S, Kinhult S, Englund E, Nilsson M, Lätt J, Lampinen B, Sundgren PC. Predictive value of diffusion MRI-based parametric response mapping for prognosis and treatment response in glioblastoma. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 104:88-96. [PMID: 37734574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of treatment response is important for the management of patients with malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma to assure good quality of life in relation to therapeutic efficacy. AIM To investigate whether parametric response mapping (PRM) with diffusion MRI may provide prognostic information at an early stage of standard therapy for glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 31 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma WHO grade IV, planned for primary standard postoperative treatment with radiotherapy 60Gy/30 fractions with concomitant and adjuvant Temozolomide. MRI follow-up including diffusion and perfusion weighting was performed at 3 T at start of postoperative chemoradiotherapy, three weeks into treatment, and then regularly until twelve months postoperatively. Regional mean diffusivity (MD) changes were analyzed voxel-wise using the PRM method (MD-PRM). At eight and twelve months postoperatively, after completion of standard treatment, patients were classified using conventional MRI and clinical evaluation as either having stable disease (SD, including partial response) or progressive disease (PD). It was assessed whether MD-PRM differed between patients having SD versus PD and whether it predicted the risk of disease progression (progression-free survival, PFS) or death (overall survival, OS). A subgroup analysis was performed that compared MD-PRM between SD and PD in patients only undergoing diagnostic biopsy. MGMT-promotor methylation status (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) was registered and analyzed with respect to PFS, OS and MD-PRM. RESULTS Of the 31 patients analyzed: 21 were operated by resection and ten by diagnostic biopsy. At eight months, 19 patients had SD and twelve had PD. At twelve months, ten patients had SD and 20 had PD, out of which ten were deceased within twelve months and one was deceased without known tumor progression. Median PFS was nine months, and median OS was 17 months. Eleven patients had methylated MGMT-promotor, 16 were MGMT unmethylated, and four had unknown MGMT-status. MD-PRM did not significantly predict patients having SD versus PD neither at eight nor at twelve months. Patients with an above median MD-PRM reduction had a slightly longer PFS (P = 0.015) in Kaplan-Maier analysis, as well as a non-significantly longer OS (P = 0.099). In the subgroup of patients only undergoing biopsy, total MD-PRM change at three weeks was generally higher for patients with SD than for patients with PD at eight months, although no tests were performed. MGMT status strongly predicted both PFS and OS but not MD-PRM change. CONCLUSION MD-PRM at three weeks was not demonstrated to be predictive of treatment response, disease progression, or survival. Preliminary results suggested a higher predictive value in non-resected patients, although this needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rydelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - J Bengzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Engelholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Kinhult
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Clinical Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Service, Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Lätt
- Department for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Lampinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P C Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University, BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Uvelius E, Valdemarsson S, Bengzon J, Hammar B, Siesjö P. Visual acuity in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma: Prognostic factors and long-term outcome after surgery. Brain Spine 2023; 3:102667. [PMID: 38020979 PMCID: PMC10668060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2023.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Visual acuity (VA) and visual field defects (VF) are evaluated in the preoperative management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). The former is less studied than the latter. Research question To analyze preoperative factors, including adenoma volumetry, associated with reduced VA and postoperative improvement of VA over five years after surgery. Methods Eighty-seven patients who had primary surgery for NFPA were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes were categorized by best/worse preoperative VA. Ophthalmology review was performed before surgery, at three months, one to two years, and five years post-surgery. Results Reduced VA in any eye was present in 55%. VA of the worse eye improved in 77% and normalized in 54%. The majority improved within three months. Additional cases with VA improvement were seen at 1-2 years after surgery. No further improvement was seen five years after surgery. Fifty percent of patients with, per definition, normal preoperative VA showed improved VA postoperatively. Tumor height above the sella in the sagittal plane was the best radiological predictor of reduced VA. Volumetry did not add to accuracy. Age, sagittal tumor height and visual field defects were risk factors of preoperative reduced VA. No predictors of postoperative recovery were identified. Conclusion Half of patients with reduced VA recover fully. All patients, independent of age and degree of VA reduction, may improve. No predictors of recovery were found. Early improvement is common and improvement beyond two years is unlikely. The frequency of reduced VA is underestimated. The present results could be of value in pre- and postoperative counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Uvelius
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stig Valdemarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC F12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Hammar
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Siesjö
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Martinez-Curiel R, Jansson L, Tsupykov O, Avaliani N, Aretio-Medina C, Hidalgo I, Monni E, Bengzon J, Skibo G, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Palma-Tortosa S. Oligodendrocytes in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical grafts remyelinate adult rat and human cortical neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1643-1656. [PMID: 37236198 PMCID: PMC10444570 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss and axonal demyelination underlie long-term functional impairments in patients affected by brain disorders such as ischemic stroke. Stem cell-based approaches reconstructing and remyelinating brain neural circuitry, leading to recovery, are highly warranted. Here, we demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo production of myelinating oligodendrocytes from a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived long-term neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cell line, which also gives rise to neurons with the capacity to integrate into stroke-injured, adult rat cortical networks. Most importantly, the generated oligodendrocytes survive and form myelin-ensheathing human axons in the host tissue after grafting onto adult human cortical organotypic cultures. This lt-NES cell line is the first human stem cell source that, after intracerebral delivery, can repair both injured neural circuitries and demyelinated axons. Our findings provide supportive evidence for the potential future use of human iPSC-derived cell lines to promote effective clinical recovery following brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martinez-Curiel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Jansson
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology; Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Strazhesko National Scientific Center of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Constanza Aretio-Medina
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology; Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Strazhesko National Scientific Center of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sara Palma-Tortosa
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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Cedergren Weber G, Timpka J, Rydelius A, Bengzon J, Odin P. Tumoral parkinsonism-Parkinsonism secondary to brain tumors, paraneoplastic syndromes, intracranial malformations, or oncological intervention, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3151. [PMID: 37433071 PMCID: PMC10454247 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondary tumoral parkinsonism is a rare phenomenon that develops as a direct or indirect result of brain neoplasms or related conditions. OBJECTIVES The first objective was to explore to what extent brain neoplasms, cavernomas, cysts, paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), and oncological treatment methods cause parkinsonism. The second objective was to investigate the effect of dopaminergic therapy on the symptomatology in patients with tumoral parkinsonism. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed and Embase. Search terms like "secondary parkinsonism," "astrocytoma," and "cranial irradiation" were used. Articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the review. RESULTS Out of 316 identified articles from the defined database search strategies, 56 were included in the detailed review. The studies, which were mostly case reports, provided research concerning tumoral parkinsonism and related conditions. It was found that various types of primary brain tumors, such as astrocytoma and meningioma, and more seldom brain metastases, can cause tumoral parkinsonism. Parkinsonism secondary to PNSs, cavernomas, cysts, as well as oncological treatments was reported. Twenty-five of the 56 included studies had tried initiating dopaminergic therapy, and of these 44% reported no, 48% low to moderate, and 8% excellent effect on motor symptomatology. CONCLUSION Brain neoplasms, PNSs, certain intracranial malformations, and oncological treatments can cause parkinsonism. Dopaminergic therapy has relatively benign side effects and may relieve motor and nonmotor symptomatology in patients with tumoral parkinsonism. Dopaminergic therapy, particularly levodopa, should therefore be considered in patients with tumoral parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Cedergren Weber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory and GeriatricsSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Jonathan Timpka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory and GeriatricsSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Anna Rydelius
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory and GeriatricsSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kamprad laboratoryLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of NeurosurgerySkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Per Odin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory and GeriatricsSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
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Förnvik Jonsson K, Liljedahl E, Osther K, Bengzon J, Skattum L, Nittby Redebrandt H. Complement Components in Peripheral Blood from Adult Patients with IDH-wild type Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00916-6. [PMID: 37419318 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system seems to influence cancer pathophysiology. The primary aim of this study was to explore complement components associated with the classical pathway (CP) of the complement system in peripheral blood from patients with IDH-wild type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing primary surgery due to glioblastoma in the years 2019-2021 were prospectively included in the present study. Blood samples were collected prior to surgery, and analyzed with regards to CP complement components, as well as standard coagulation tests. RESULTS In total, 40 patients with IDH-wt glioblastomas were included. C1q was reduced in 44% of the cases compared to the reference interval. C1r was reduced in 61% of the analyzed samples. Both C1q and C1r are parts of the initial steps of the classical complement activation pathway, which, however, was not correspondingly altered. Activated pro-thromboplastin time (APTT) was shorter in 82% of the analyzed samples compared to the reference interval. APTT was shorter in those with reduced C1q and C1r levels. C1q is an important link between the innate and acquired immunity, and C1q and C1r also interact with the coagulation system. Patients who displayed reduced levels of both C1q and C1r pre-operatively had a significantly shorter overall survival compared to the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that there are alterations in C1q and C1r concentrations in peripheral blood from patients with IDH1-wt glioblastoma compared to the normal population. Patients who displayed reduced C1q and C1r levels had a significantly shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Förnvik Jonsson
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Emma Liljedahl
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kurt Osther
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Skattum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrietta Nittby Redebrandt
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Brabec J, Englund E, Bengzon J, Szczepankiewicz F, van Westen D, Sundgren PC, Nilsson M. Coregistered histology sections with diffusion tensor imaging data at 200 µm resolution in meningioma tumors. Data Brief 2023; 48:109261. [PMID: 37383742 PMCID: PMC10294079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant problem in diffusion MRI (dMRI) is the lack of understanding regarding which microstructural features account for the variability in the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters observed in meningioma tumors. A common assumption is that mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from DTI are inversely proportional to cell density and proportional to tissue anisotropy, respectively. Although these associations have been established across a wide range of tumors, they have been challenged for interpreting within-tumor variations where several additional microstructural features have been suggested as contributing to MD and FA. To facilitate the investigation of the biological underpinnings of DTI parameters, we performed ex-vivo DTI at 200 µm isotropic resolution on sixteen excised meningioma tumor samples. The samples exhibit a variety of microstructural features because the dataset includes meningiomas of six different meningioma types and two different grades. Diffusion-weighted signal (DWI) maps, DWI maps averaged over all directions for given b-value, signal intensities without diffusion encoding (S0) as well as DTI parameters: MD, FA, in-plane FA (FAIP), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD), were coregistered to Hematoxylin & Eosin- (H&E) and Elastica van Gieson-stained (EVG) histological sections by a non-linear landmark-based approach. Here, we provide DWI signal and DTI maps coregistered to histology sections and describe the pipeline for processing the raw DTI data and the coregistration. The raw, processed, and coregistered data are hosted by Analytic Imaging Diagnostics Arena (AIDA) data hub registry, and software tools for processing are provided via GitHub. We hope that data can be used in research and education concerning the link between the meningioma microstructure and parameters obtained by DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Bioimaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Seidemo A, Wirestam R, Helms G, Markenroth Bloch K, Xu X, Bengzon J, Sundgren PC, van Zijl PCM, Knutsson L. Tissue response curve-shape analysis of dynamic glucose-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumor. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4863. [PMID: 36310022 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI is used to study the signal intensity time course (tissue response curve) after D-glucose injection. D-glucose has potential as a biodegradable alternative or complement to gadolinium-based contrast agents, with DGE being comparable with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. However, the tissue uptake kinetics as well as the detection methods of DGE differ from DCE MRI, and it is relevant to compare these techniques in terms of spatiotemporal enhancement patterns. This study aims to develop a DGE analysis method based on tissue response curve shapes, and to investigate whether DGE MRI provides similar or complementary information to DCE MRI. Eleven patients with suspected gliomas were studied. Tissue response curves were measured for DGE and DCE MRI at 7 T and the area under the curve (AUC) was assessed. Seven types of response curve shapes were postulated and subsequently identified by deep learning to create color-coded "curve maps" showing the spatial distribution of different curve types. DGE AUC values were significantly higher in lesions than in normal tissue (p < 0.007). Furthermore, the distribution of curve types differed between lesions and normal tissue for both DGE and DCE. The DGE and DCE response curves in a 6-min postinjection time interval were classified as the same curve type in 20% of the lesion voxels, which increased to 29% when a 12-min DGE time interval was considered. While both DGE and DCE tissue response curve-shape analysis enabled differentiation of lesions from normal brain tissue in humans, their enhancements were neither temporally identical nor confined entirely to the same regions. Curve maps can provide accessible and intuitive information about the shape of DGE response curves, which is expected to be useful in the continued work towards the interpretation of DGE uptake curves in terms of D-glucose delivery, transport, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Xiang Xu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ehinger E, Kopecky J, Darabi A, Visse E, Edvardsson C, Tomasevic G, Cederberg D, Belting M, Bengzon J, Siesjö P. Antisecretory factor is safe to use as add-on treatment in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36803465 PMCID: PMC9938624 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite the best available treatment, prognosis remains poor. Current standard therapy consists of surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Experimental studies suggest that antisecretory factor (AF), an endogenous protein with proposed antisecretory and anti-inflammatory properties, may potentiate the effect of TMZ and alleviate cerebral edema. Salovum is an egg yolk powder enriched for AF and is classified as a medical food in the European Union. In this pilot study, we evaluate the safety and feasibility of add-on Salovum in GBM patients. METHODS Eight patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed GBM were prescribed Salovum during concomitant radiochemotherapy. Safety was determined by the number of treatment-related adverse events. Feasibility was determined by the number of patients who completed the full prescribed Salovum treatment. RESULTS No serious treatment-related adverse events were observed. Out of 8 included patients, 2 did not complete the full treatment. Only one of the dropouts was due to issues directly related to Salovum, which were nausea and loss of appetite. Median survival was 23 months. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Salovum is safe to use as an add-on treatment for GBM. In terms of feasibility, adherence to the treatment regimen requires a determined and independent patient as the large doses prescribed may cause nausea and loss of appetite. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04116138. Registered on 04/10/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ehinger
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jan Kopecky
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Darabi
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edward Visse
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Edvardsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gregor Tomasevic
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Cederberg
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Siesjö
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Trovato F, Stefani FR, Li J, Zetterdahl OG, Canals I, Ahlenius H, Bengzon J. Transcription Factor-Forced Astrocytic Differentiation Impairs Human Glioblastoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:274-286. [PMID: 36508391 PMCID: PMC9890139 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct cellular reprogramming has recently gained attention of cancer researchers for the possibility to convert undifferentiated cancer cells into more differentiated, postmitotic cell types. While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. Here, we employ cellular reprogramming to induce astrocytic differentiation as a therapeutic approach in GBM. To this end, we overexpressed key transcriptional regulators of astroglial development in human GBM and GBM stem cell lines. Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an astrocyte-like morphology with star-shaped bodies and radial branched processes. Differentiated cells express typical glial markers and show a marked decrease in their proliferative state. In addition, forced differentiation induces astrocytic functions such as induced calcium transients and ability to respond to inflammatory stimuli. Most importantly, forced differentiation substantially reduces tumorigenicity of GBM cells in an in vivo xenotransplantation model. The current study capitalizes on cellular plasticity with a novel application in cancer. We take advantage of the similarity between neural developmental processes and cancer hierarchy to mitigate, if not completely abolish, the malignant nature of tumor cells and pave the way for new intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trovato
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Corresponding Author: Francesco Trovato, Stem Cell Center/Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, Scania 221 84, Sweden. Phone: 46-222-3159; E-mail:
| | - Francesca Romana Stefani
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
| | - Oskar G. Zetterdahl
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
| | - Isaac Canals
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Scania, Sweden
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11
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Brabec J, Friedjungová M, Vašata D, Englund E, Bengzon J, Knutsson L, Szczepankiewicz F, van Westen D, Sundgren PC, Nilsson M. Meningioma microstructure assessed by diffusion MRI: An investigation of the source of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy by quantitative histology. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103365. [PMID: 36898293 PMCID: PMC10020119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion MRI (dMRI) have been associated with cell density and tissue anisotropy across tumors, but it is unknown whether these associations persist at the microscopic level. PURPOSE To quantify the degree to which cell density and anisotropy, as determined from histology, account for the intra-tumor variability of MD and FA in meningioma tumors. Furthermore, to clarify whether other histological features account for additional intra-tumor variability of dMRI parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed ex-vivo dMRI at 200 μm isotropic resolution and histological imaging of 16 excised meningioma tumor samples. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to map MD and FA, as well as the in-plane FA (FAIP). Histology images were analyzed in terms of cell nuclei density (CD) and structure anisotropy (SA; obtained from structure tensor analysis) and were used separately in a regression analysis to predict MD and FAIP, respectively. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was also trained to predict the dMRI parameters from histology patches. The association between MRI and histology was analyzed in terms of out-of-sample (R2OS) on the intra-tumor level and within-sample R2 across tumors. Regions where the dMRI parameters were poorly predicted from histology were analyzed to identify features apart from CD and SA that could influence MD and FAIP, respectively. RESULTS Cell density assessed by histology poorly explained intra-tumor variability of MD at the mesoscopic level (200 μm), as median R2OS = 0.04 (interquartile range 0.01-0.26). Structure anisotropy explained more of the variation in FAIP (median R2OS = 0.31, 0.20-0.42). Samples with low R2OS for FAIP exhibited low variations throughout the samples and thus low explainable variability, however, this was not the case for MD. Across tumors, CD and SA were clearly associated with MD (R2 = 0.60) and FAIP (R2 = 0.81), respectively. In 37% of the samples (6 out of 16), cell density did not explain intra-tumor variability of MD when compared to the degree explained by the CNN. Tumor vascularization, psammoma bodies, microcysts, and tissue cohesivity were associated with bias in MD prediction based solely on CD. Our results support that FAIP is high in the presence of elongated and aligned cell structures, but low otherwise. CONCLUSION Cell density and structure anisotropy account for variability in MD and FAIP across tumors but cell density does not explain MD variations within the tumor, which means that low or high values of MD locally may not always reflect high or low tumor cell density. Features beyond cell density need to be considered when interpreting MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Magda Friedjungová
- Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Vašata
- Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Johan Bengzon
- Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Pia C Sundgren
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Bioimaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Governa V, Talbot H, Gonçalves de Oliveira K, Cerezo-Magaña M, Bång-Rudenstam A, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Malmström J, Bengzon J, Welinder C, Belting M. P12.02.A Landscape of surfaceome and endocytome in human glioma is divergent and depends on cellular spatial organization. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cell-surface proteins have a key role in drug development, and tumor cell-surface proteins integrated with the plasma membrane (tumor surfaceome, TS) have attracted considerable attention as targets for immunotherapies in cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor blocking antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and CAR-T cells are all directed at the TS. However, a remaining challenge is the lack of strategies to comprehensively map potential TS target antigens for the design of more rational, individualized treatments. Of particular relevance, ADC and other intracellular drug delivery strategies rely on targets that functionally engage in endocytic internalization.
Material and Methods
With the aim to address these challenges and to provide insight into the complexity of the TS, we have developed a versatile technology for TS mapping (TS-MAP). As proof-of-concept, we focused on primary brain tumors that remain among the most aggressive forms of cancer, and for which attempts to conquer the most common variant, glioblastoma (GBM) have failed so far. TS-MAP is compatible with primary 3D cultures and intact patient glioma tumors with preserved tissue architecture, and specifically identifies proteins capable of endocytosis as tractable targets for ADCs and other modalities requiring toxic payload internalization. Moreover, we have curated a TS classifier (SURFME) for categorization of bona fide membrane proteins.
Results
We show how cellular spatial organization (2D vs. 3D) fundamentally transforms the surfaceome and endocytome in glioma with general implications for target screening approaches. The TS-MAP platform was further applied to profile the surfaceome and endocytome landscape in a cohort of freshly resected patient gliomas. We found a highly diverse TS repertoire between patient tumors, not directly associated with grade and histology, which highlights the need for individualized approaches.
Conclusions
The TS-MAP platform and SURFME classifier should be widely applicable to a variety of brain tumors. Our findings in GBM provide new layers of understanding fundamental to the future development of immunotherapy strategies, as well as new procedures for proteomics-based target identification aimed at a better understanding of how to harness the TS for personalized immunotherapy. Our results reflect the oncogenetic multiclonality and transcriptional diversity of gliomas, which warrants future studies that elucidate how the oncogenetic profile and spatial organization synergize to shape the full complexity of the tumor microenvironment.
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13
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Li J, Ek F, Olsson R, Belting M, Bengzon J. Glioblastoma CD105 + cells define a SOX2 - cancer stem cell-like subpopulation in the pre-invasive niche. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:126. [PMID: 36038950 PMCID: PMC9426031 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem like cells (GSC) represent the highest cellular hierarchy in GBM and have a determining role in tumor growth, recurrence and patient prognosis. However, a better definition of GSC subpopulations, especially at the surgical resection margin, is warranted for improved oncological treatment options. The present study interrogated cells expressing CD105 (CD105+) specifically within the tumor front and the pre-invasive niche as a potential GSC subpopulation. GBM primary cell lines were generated from patients (n = 18) and CD105+ cells were isolated and assessed for stem-like characteristics. In vitro, CD105+ cells proliferated and enriched in serum-containing medium but not in serum-free conditions. CD105+ cells were characterized by Nestin+, Vimentin+ and SOX2-, clearly distinguishing them from SOX2+ GCS. GBM CD105+ cells differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes but not chondrocytes. Exome sequencing revealed that GBM CD105+ cells matched 83% of somatic mutations in the Cancer cell line encyclopedia, indicating a malignant phenotype and in vivo xenotransplantation assays verified their tumorigenic potential. Cytokine assays showed that immunosuppressive and protumorigenic cytokines such as IL6, IL8, CCL2, CXCL-1 were produced by CD105+ cells. Finally, screening for 88 clinical drugs revealed that GBM CD105+ cells are resistant to most chemotherapeutics except Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Fludarabine and ABT-751. Our study provides a rationale for targeting tumoral CD105+ cells in order to reshape the tumor microenvironment and block GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Rydelius A, Lampinen B, Rundcrantz A, Bengzon J, Engelholm S, van Westen D, Kinhult S, Knutsson L, Lätt J, Nilsson M, Sundgren PC. Diffusion tensor imaging in glioblastoma patients treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy: a longitudinal study. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:680-687. [PMID: 35275512 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2045036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemo- and radiotherapy (RT) is standard treatment for patients with high-grade glioma, but may cause side-effects on the patient's cognitive function. AIM Use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the longitudinal changes in normal-appearing brain tissue in glioblastoma patients undergoing modern arc-based RT with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or helical tomotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 27 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and planned for VMAT or tomotherapy. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging at the start of RT and at week 3, 6, 15, and 26. Fourteen subjects were additionally imaged at week 52. The DTI data were co-registered to the dose distribution maps. Longitudinal changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were assessed in the corpus callosum, the centrum semiovale, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. RESULTS Significant longitudinal changes in FA, MD, and RD were mainly found in the corpus callosum. In the other examined brain structures, only sparse and transient changes were seen. No consistent correlations were found between biodose, age, or gender and changes in DTI parameters. CONCLUSION Longitudinal changes in MD, FA, and RD were observed but only in a limited number of brain structures and the changes were smaller than expected from literature. The results suggest that modern, arc-based RT may have less negative effect on normal-appearing parts of the brain tissue up to 12 months after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rydelius
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Lampinen
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Rundcrantz
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Silke Engelholm
- Deptarments of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Kinhult
- Department of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Brabec J, Szczepankiewicz F, Lennartsson F, Englund E, Pebdani H, Bengzon J, Knutsson L, Westin CF, Sundgren PC, Nilsson M. Histogram analysis of tensor-valued diffusion MRI in meningiomas: Relation to consistency, histological grade and type. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102912. [PMID: 34922122 PMCID: PMC8688887 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tensor-valued dMRI facilitates prediction of meningioma consistency, grade and type. Tensor-valued dMRI corroborates findings of diffusion tensor and kurtosis imaging. MK and MKA is associated with firm and MD with variable meningioma consistency. Variability of MKI in the vicinity of the tumor is associated with meningioma grade. MKA 50 and MKI 50 separates psammomatous meningiomas from other meningioma types.
Background Preoperative radiological assessment of meningioma characteristics is of value for pre- and post-operative patient management, counselling, and surgical approach. Purpose To investigate whether tensor-valued diffusion MRI can add to the preoperative prediction of meningioma consistency, grade and type. Materials and methods 30 patients with intracranial meningiomas (22 WHO grade I, 8 WHO grade II) underwent MRI prior to surgery. Diffusion MRI was performed with linear and spherical b-tensors with b-values up to 2000 s/mm2. The data were used to estimate mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK) and its components—the anisotropic and isotropic kurtoses (MKA and MKI). Meningioma consistency was estimated for 16 patients during resection based on ultrasonic aspiration intensity, ease of resection with instrumentation or suction. Grade and type were determined by histopathological analysis. The relation between consistency, grade and type and dMRI parameters was analyzed inside the tumor (“whole-tumor”) and within brain tissue in the immediate periphery outside the tumor (“rim”) by histogram analysis. Results Lower 10th percentiles of MK and MKA in the whole-tumor were associated with firm consistency compared with pooled soft and variable consistency (n = 7 vs 9; U test, p = 0.02 for MKA 10 and p = 0.04 for MK10) and lower 10th percentile of MD with variable against soft and firm (n = 5 vs 11; U test, p = 0.02). Higher standard deviation of MKI in the rim was associated with lower grade (n = 22 vs 8; U test, p = 0.04) and in the MKI maps we observed elevated rim-like structure that could be associated with grade. Higher median MKA and lower median MKI distinguished psammomatous type from other pooled meningioma types (n = 5 vs 25; U test; p = 0.03 for MKA 50 and p = 0.03 and p = 0.04 for MKI 50). Conclusion Parameters from tensor-valued dMRI can facilitate prediction of consistency, grade and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Finn Lennartsson
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Houman Pebdani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department for Imaging and Function, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Berg TJ, Marques C, Pantazopoulou V, Johansson E, von Stedingk K, Lindgren D, Jeannot P, Pietras EJ, Bergström T, Swartling FJ, Governa V, Bengzon J, Belting M, Axelson H, Squatrito M, Pietras A. The Irradiated Brain Microenvironment Supports Glioma Stemness and Survival via Astrocyte-Derived Transglutaminase 2. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2101-2115. [PMID: 33483373 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in supporting glioma stemness and radioresistance. Following radiotherapy, recurrent gliomas form in an irradiated microenvironment. Here we report that astrocytes, when pre-irradiated, increase stemness and survival of cocultured glioma cells. Tumor-naïve brains increased reactive astrocytes in response to radiation, and mice subjected to radiation prior to implantation of glioma cells developed more aggressive tumors. Extracellular matrix derived from irradiated astrocytes were found to be a major driver of this phenotype and astrocyte-derived transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified as a promoter of glioma stemness and radioresistance. TGM2 levels increased after radiation in vivo and in recurrent human glioma, and TGM2 inhibitors abrogated glioma stemness and survival. These data suggest that irradiation of the brain results in the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of radiation-induced, astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix proteins may enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care radiotherapy by reducing stemness in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings presented here indicate that radiotherapy can result in a tumor-supportive microenvironment, the targeting of which may be necessary to overcome tumor cell therapeutic resistance and recurrence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2101/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J Berg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Marques
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Pantazopoulou
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elinn Johansson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncogenomics, M1-131 Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Lindgren
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin J Pietras
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Bergström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valeria Governa
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Durmo F, Rydhög A, Testud F, Lätt J, Schmitt B, Rydelius A, Englund E, Bengzon J, van Zijl P, Knutsson L, Sundgren PC. Assessment of Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) MRI for pre-surgical prediction of final diagnosis in gliomas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244003. [PMID: 33373375 PMCID: PMC7771875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiological assessment of primary brain neoplasms, both high (HGG) and low grade tumors (LGG), based on contrast-enhancement alone can be inaccurate. We evaluated the radiological value of amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) MRI as an imaging complement for pre-surgical radiological diagnosis of brain tumors. METHODS Twenty-six patients were evaluated prospectively; (22 males, 4 females, mean age 55 years, range 26-76 years) underwent MRI at 3T using T1-MPRAGE pre- and post-contrast administration, conventional T2w, FLAIR, and APTw imaging pre-surgically for suspected primary/secondary brain tumor. Assessment of the additional value of APTw imaging compared to conventional MRI for correct pre-surgical brain tumor diagnosis. The initial radiological pre-operative diagnosis was based on the conventional contrast-enhanced MR images. The range, minimum, maximum, and mean APTw signals were evaluated. Conventional normality testing was performed; with boxplots/outliers/skewness/kurtosis and a Shapiro-Wilk's test. Mann-Whitney U for analysis of significance for mean/max/min and range APTw signal. A logistic regression model was constructed for mean, max, range and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves calculated for individual and combined APTw signals. RESULTS Conventional radiological diagnosis prior to surgery/biopsy was HGG (8 patients), LGG (12 patients), and metastasis (6 patients). Using the mean and maximum: APTw signal would have changed the pre-operative evaluation the diagnosis in 8 of 22 patients (two LGGs excluded, two METs excluded). Using a cut off value of >2.0% for mean APTw signal integral, 4 of the 12 radiologically suspected LGG would have been diagnosed as high grade glioma, which was confirmed by histopathological diagnosis. APTw mean of >2.0% and max >2.48% outperformed four separate clinical radiological assessments of tumor type, P-values = .004 and = .002, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using APTw-images as part of the daily clinical pre-operative radiological evaluation may improve diagnostic precision in differentiating LGGs from HGGs, with potential improvement of patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Durmo
- Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydhög
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jimmy Lätt
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Rydelius
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- LBIC, Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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18
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Bruzelius A, Hidalgo I, Boza-Serrano A, Hjelmér AG, Tison A, Deierborg T, Bengzon J, Ramos-Moreno T. The human bone marrow harbors a CD45 - CD11B + cell progenitor permitting rapid microglia-like cell derivative approaches. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:582-597. [PMID: 33295698 PMCID: PMC7980218 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the immune sentinel of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors that populate the developing CNS. Interestingly, a specific type of bone marrow-derived monocyte is able to express a yolk sac microglial signature and populate CNS in disease. Here we have examined human bone marrow (hBM) in an attempt to identify novel cell sources for generating microglia-like cells to use in cell-based therapies and in vitro modeling. We demonstrate that hBM stroma harbors a progenitor cell that we name stromal microglial progenitor (STR-MP). STR-MP single-cell gene analysis revealed the expression of the consensus genetic microglial signature and microglial-specific genes present in development and CNS pathologies. STR-MPs can be expanded and generate microglia-like cells in vitro, which we name stromal microglia (STR-M). STR-M cells show phagocytic ability, classically activate, and survive and phagocyte in human brain tissue. Thus, our results reveal that hBM harbors a source of microglia-like precursors that can be used in patient-centered fast derivative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bruzelius
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science and Lund Stem Cell Center BMC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Bio Medical Center (BMC)., Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Giorgia Hjelmér
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amelie Tison
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Bio Medical Center (BMC)., Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tania Ramos-Moreno
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Bio Medical Center (BMC)., Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Rydelius A, Lätt J, Kinhult S, Engelholm S, Van Westen D, Pihlsgård M, Bengzon J, Sundgren PC, Lilja Å. Longitudinal study of cognitive function in glioma patients treated with modern radiotherapy techniques and standard chemotherapy. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1091-1097. [PMID: 32847475 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1778181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive function is an important outcome measure in patients with brain tumor, providing information about the patient's clinical situation, treatment effects and possible progressive disease. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate effects of the currently used radiation and chemotherapy treatment on cognitive function and to investigate associations between cognitive function at baseline and progression as well as overall survival.Methods: 32 patients newly diagnosed with malignant glioma were evaluated at baseline with CNS Vital Signs (CNS-VS), a computerized standardized neuropsychological test battery, prior to arc-based radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with Temozolomide. CNS-VS measures the cognitive functions known to be affected in patients with brain tumor, covering nine cognitive domains. Follow-up cognitive evaluations were performed in 26 patients after 3.5 months and in 13 patients 1 year after treatment start.Results: Overall cognitive scores were lower in the studied patient cohort at baseline compared to standardized domain scores. At 3.5 months follow-up cognitive functioning was slightly decreased, but only in 1/9 cognitive domains - visual memory - where significant changes were found compared to baseline test results. Similarly, at 12 months follow-up no significant changes in cognitive test results were seen compared to baseline examination, except for a decrease in the visual memory domain. In relation to early progression, the most significant cognitive deficits were dysfunctional visual memory and low executive functioning at baseline. Low executive function at baseline correlated most significantly with shorter overall survival.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the currently used arc-based radiotherapy and chemotherapy might affect cognitive function less negatively than previously described during treatment and in the first year after treatment in malignant glioma patients. In general, a high cognitive test score at baseline was associated with longer time to progression and with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rydelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University hospital Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Kinhult
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Silke Engelholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danielle Van Westen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University hospital Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Pihlsgård
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cell Center, BMC B10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University hospital Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Åsa Lilja
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Grønning Hansen M, Laterza C, Palma-Tortosa S, Kvist G, Monni E, Tsupykov O, Tornero D, Uoshima N, Soriano J, Bengzon J, Martino G, Skibo G, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Grafted human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons integrate into adult human cortical neural circuitry. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1365-1377. [PMID: 32602201 PMCID: PMC7581452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases cause loss of cortical neurons, leading to sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. Studies in different animal models have raised the possibility that transplantation of human cortical neuronal progenitors, generated from pluripotent stem cells, might be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for disorders affecting cerebral cortex. For example, we have shown that human long‐term neuroepithelial‐like stem (lt‐NES) cell‐derived cortical neurons, produced from induced pluripotent stem cells and transplanted into stroke‐injured adult rat cortex, improve neurological deficits and establish both afferent and efferent morphological and functional connections with host cortical neurons. So far, all studies with human pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons have been carried out using xenotransplantation in animal models. Whether these neurons can integrate also into adult human brain circuitry is unknown. Here, we show that cortically fated lt‐NES cells, which are able to form functional synaptic networks in cell culture, differentiate to mature, layer‐specific cortical neurons when transplanted ex vivo onto organotypic cultures of adult human cortex. The grafted neurons are functional and establish both afferent and efferent synapses with adult human cortical neurons in the slices as evidenced by immuno‐electron microscopy, rabies virus retrograde monosynaptic tracing, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. Our findings provide the first evidence that pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons can integrate into adult host neural networks also in a human‐to‐human grafting situation, thereby supporting their potential future clinical use to promote recovery by neuronal replacement in the patient's diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Palma-Tortosa
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giedre Kvist
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naomi Uoshima
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Blomstergren A, Rydelius A, Abul-Kasim K, Lätt J, Sundgren PC, Bengzon J. Evaluation of reproducibility in MRI quantitative volumetric assessment and its role in the prediction of overall survival and progression-free survival in glioblastoma. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:516-525. [PMID: 29966430 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118786060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual tumor volume (RTV) and extent of resection (EOR) have previously been shown to affect survival in glioblastoma (GB) patients. Quantitative radiological assessment (QRA) of these factors could potentially affect clinical decision-making in the postoperative period. PURPOSE The first aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of different volume estimation methods of RTV and EOR by comparing QRA with subjective visual estimation and with objective volume estimations. The second aim was to clarify whether QRA of RTV and EOR would provide accuracy in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in GB patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy GB patients were studied retrospectively. Reproducibility of QRA was compared to conventional visual analysis. Intra-rater agreement between two repeated measurements of 25 patients was calculated. QRA for RTV and EOR was made for the entire study population. Survival analysis was performed by multivariate cox-regression analysis. RESULTS QRA of RTV and EOR gave superior intra-rater agreement compared to subjective evaluation. Multivariate survival analysis showed prognostic significance on 18 months PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44, P = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.42, P = 0.012) at RTV < 1.6 mL and with EOR > 96% on PFS (HR = 2.152, P = 0.005) but not on OS (HR = 1.92, P = 0.053). CONCLUSION QRA of tumor volumes is more robust compared to standard evaluation methods. Since EOR and RTV are correlated to the prognosis in GB, quantitative analysis of tumor volumes could aid decision-making and patient management postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Blomstergren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University and Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kasim Abul-Kasim
- Centre for Imaging and Function, Section of Neuroradiology, SUS Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Centre for Imaging and Function, SUS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Centre for Imaging and Function, SUS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University and Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cell Center, BMC B10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Petri R, Brattås PL, Sharma Y, Jönsson ME, Pircs K, Bengzon J, Jakobsson J. LINE-2 transposable elements are a source of functional human microRNAs and target sites. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008036. [PMID: 30865625 PMCID: PMC6433296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are dynamically expressed at high levels in multiple human tissues, but the function of TE-derived transcripts remains largely unknown. In this study, we identify numerous TE-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) by conducting Argonaute2 RNA immunoprecipitation followed by small RNA sequencing (AGO2 RIP-seq) on human brain tissue. Many of these miRNAs originated from LINE-2 (L2) elements, which entered the human genome around 100–300 million years ago. L2-miRNAs derived from the 3’ end of the L2 consensus sequence and thus shared very similar sequences, indicating that L2-miRNAs could target transcripts with L2s in their 3’UTR. In line with this, many protein-coding genes carried fragments of L2-derived sequences in their 3’UTR: these sequences served as target sites for L2-miRNAs. L2-miRNAs and their targets were generally ubiquitously expressed at low levels in multiple human tissues, suggesting a role for this network in buffering transcriptional levels of housekeeping genes. In addition, we also found evidence that this network is perturbed in glioblastoma. In summary, our findings uncover a TE-based post-transcriptional network that shapes transcriptional regulation in human cells. Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences, that have contributed to the landscaping of the genome by jumping into new positions and amplifying in number. TEs have been suggested to play a role in gene regulation, but it remains poorly understood how they contribute to this process. In this study, we show that in various human tissues, an ancient class of TEs give rise to small non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs), that are important regulators of gene expression. The same class of TEs also serves as target sites for these TE-derived miRNAs when they are part of protein-coding transcripts. We also provide evidence that TE-derived miRNAs and target sites may play a role in human disease, as they are dysregulated in aggressive brain tumors. Altogether, our study provides novel insight into how TEs acting as miRNAs play a role in gene regulation in both, healthy and diseased human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Petri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ludvik Brattås
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie E. Jönsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University and Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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23
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Canals I, Ginisty A, Quist E, Timmerman R, Fritze J, Miskinyte G, Monni E, Hansen MG, Hidalgo I, Bryder D, Bengzon J, Ahlenius H. Author Correction: Rapid and efficient induction of functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Methods 2018; 16:134. [PMID: 30514884 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of Supplementary Fig. 1 originally published with this paper, some images in panel e were accidental duplicates of images in panel b. This error has been corrected in the online integrated supplementary information and in the Supplementary Information PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Canals
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Ginisty
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ella Quist
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Fritze
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giedre Miskinyte
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.
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24
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Durmo F, Rydelius A, Cuellar Baena S, Askaner K, Lätt J, Bengzon J, Englund E, Chenevert TL, Björkman-Burtscher IM, Sundgren PC. Multivoxel 1H-MR Spectroscopy Biometrics for Preoprerative Differentiation Between Brain Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:172-181. [PMID: 30588503 PMCID: PMC6299741 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) biometrics for preoperative differentiation and prognosis of patients with brain metastases (MET), low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). In total, 33 patients (HGG, 14; LGG, 9; and 10 MET) were included. 1H-MRS imaging (MRSI) data were assessed and neurochemical profiles for metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) + NAAG(NAA), Cr + PCr(total creatine, tCr), Glu + Gln(Glx), lactate (Lac), myo-inositol(Ins), GPC + PCho(total choline, tCho), and total lipids, and macromolecule (tMM) signals were estimated. Metabolites were reported as absolute concentrations or ratios to tCho or tCr levels. Voxels of interest in an MRSI matrix were labeled according to tissue. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Across HGG, LGG, and MET, average Ins/tCho was shown to be prognostic for overall survival (OS): low values (≤1.29) in affected hemisphere predicting worse OS than high values (>1.29), (log rank < 0.007). Lip/tCho and Ins/tCho combined showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for both HGG/LGG (P < .001) and LGG/MET (P < .001) measured in nonenhancing/contrast-enhancing lesional tissue. Combining tCr/tCho in perilesional edema with tCho/tCr and NAA/tCho from ipsilateral normal- appearing tissue yielded 100% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity (P < .002) for HGG/MET. Best single biomarker: Ins/tCho for HGG/LGG and total lipid/tCho for LGG/MET showed 100% sensitivity and 75% and 100% specificity, respectively. HGG/MET; NAA/tCho showed 75% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity. Multivoxel 1H-MRSI provides prognostic information for OS for HGG/LGG/MET and a multibiometric approach for differentiation may equal or outperform single biometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Durmo
- Departments of Clinical Sciences/Division of Radiology
| | - Anna Rydelius
- Clinical Sciences/Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jimmy Lätt
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Departments of Clinical Sciences/Division of Neurosurgery
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Clinical Sciences/Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Isabella M Björkman-Burtscher
- Departments of Clinical Sciences/Division of Radiology.,Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Departments of Clinical Sciences/Division of Radiology.,Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and.,LBIC, Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Miskinyte G, Grønning Hansen M, Monni E, Lam M, Bengzon J, Lindvall O, Ahlenius H, Kokaia Z. Transcription factor programming of human ES cells generates functional neurons expressing both upper and deep layer cortical markers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204688. [PMID: 30307948 PMCID: PMC6181302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative disorders affect specific types of cortical neurons. Efficient protocols for the generation of such neurons for cell replacement, disease modeling and drug screening are highly warranted. Current methods for the production of cortical neurons from human embryonic stem (ES) cells are often time-consuming and inefficient, and the functional properties of the generated cells have been incompletely characterized. Here we have used transcription factor (TF) programming with the aim to induce rapid differentiation of human ES cells to layer-specific cortical neurons (hES-iNs). Three different combinations of TFs, NEUROGENIN 2 (NGN2) only, NGN2 plus Forebrain Embryonic Zinc Finger-Like Protein 2 (FEZF2), and NGN2 plus Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 (SATB2), were delivered to human ES cells by lentiviral vectors. We observed only subtle differences between the TF combinations, which all gave rise to the formation of pyramidal-shaped cells, morphologically resembling adult human cortical neurons expressing cortical projection neuron (PN) markers and with mature electrophysiological properties. Using ex vivo transplantation to human organotypic cultures, we found that the hES-iNs could integrate into adult human cortical networks. We obtained no evidence that the hES-iNs had acquired a distinct cortical layer phenotype. Instead, our single-cell data showed that the hES-iNs, similar to fetal human cortical neurons, expressed both upper and deep layer cortical neuronal markers. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that TF programming can direct human ES cells towards cortical neurons but that the generated cells are transcriptionally profiled to generate both upper and deep layer cortical neurons. Therefore, most likely additional cues will be needed if these cells should adopt a specific cortical layer and area identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Miskinyte
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Emanuela Monni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matti Lam
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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26
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Canals I, Canals I, Ginisty A, Quist E, Timmerman R, Fritze J, Miskinyte G, Monni E, GrØnning Hansen M, Hidalgo I, Bryder D, Bengzon J, Ahlenius H. Rapid and Efficient Induction of Functional Astrocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/protex.2018.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Canals I, Ginisty A, Quist E, Timmerman R, Fritze J, Miskinyte G, Monni E, Hansen MG, Hidalgo I, Bryder D, Bengzon J, Ahlenius H. Rapid and efficient induction of functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Methods 2018; 15:693-696. [PMID: 30127505 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The derivation of astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells is currently slow and inefficient. We demonstrate that overexpression of the transcription factors SOX9 and NFIB in human pluripotent stem cells rapidly and efficiently yields homogeneous populations of induced astrocytes. In our study these cells exhibited molecular and functional properties resembling those of adult human astrocytes and were deemed suitable for disease modeling. Our method provides new possibilities for the study of human astrocytes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Canals
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Ginisty
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ella Quist
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Fritze
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giedre Miskinyte
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.
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28
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Stefani FR, Eberstål S, Vergani S, Kristiansen TA, Bengzon J. Low-dose irradiated mesenchymal stromal cells break tumor defensive properties in vivo. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2200-2212. [PMID: 29752716 PMCID: PMC6220775 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors, including gliomas, still represent a challenge to clinicians and first line treatments often fail, calling for new paradigms in cancer therapy. Novel strategies to overcome tumor resistance are mainly represented by multi-targeted approaches, and cell vector-based therapy is one of the most promising treatment modalities under development. Here, we show that mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), when primed with low-dose irradiation (irMSCs), undergo changes in their immunogenic and angiogenic capacity and acquire anti-tumoral properties in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM). Following grafting in GL261 glioblastoma, irMSCs migrate extensively and selectively within the tumor and infiltrate predominantly the peri-vascular niche, leading to rejection of established tumors and cure in 29% of animals. The therapeutic radiation dose window is narrow, with effects seen between 2 and 15 Gy, peaking at 5 Gy. A single low-dose radiation decreases MSCs inherent immune suppressive properties in vitro as well as shapes their immune regulatory ability in vivo. Intra-tumorally grafted irMSCs stimulate the immune system and decrease immune suppression. Additionally, irMSCs enhance peri-tumoral reactive astrocytosis and display anti-angiogenic properties. Hence, the present study provides strong evidence for a therapeutic potential of low-dose irMSCs in cancer as well as giving new insight into MSC biology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Stefani
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Eberstål
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefano Vergani
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Durmo F, Lätt J, Rydelius A, Engelholm S, Kinhult S, Askaner K, Englund E, Bengzon J, Nilsson M, Björkman-Burtscher IM, Chenevert T, Knutsson L, Sundgren PC. Brain Tumor Characterization Using Multibiometric Evaluation of MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:14-25. [PMID: 29675474 PMCID: PMC5903291 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate volume, diffusion, and perfusion metrics for better presurgical differentiation between high-grade gliomas (HGG), low-grade gliomas (LGG), and metastases (MET). For this retrospective study, 43 patients with histologically verified intracranial HGG (n = 18), LGG (n = 10), and MET (n = 15) were chosen. Preoperative magnetic resonance data included pre- and post-gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recover, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), fractional anisotropy, and apparent diffusion coefficient maps used for quantification of magnetic resonance biometrics by manual delineation of regions of interest. A binary logistic regression model was applied for multiparametric analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Statistically significant differences were found for normalized-ADC-tumor (nADC-T), normalized-CBF-tumor (nCBF-T), normalized-CBV-tumor (nCBV-T), and normalized-CBF-edema (nCBF-E) between LGG and HGG, and when these metrics were combined, HGG could be distinguished from LGG with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The only metric to distinguish HGG from MET was the normalized-ADC-E with a sensitivity of 68.8% and a specificity of 80%. LGG can be distinguished from MET by combining edema volume (Vol-E), Vol-E/tumor volume (Vol-T), nADC-T, nCBF-T, nCBV-T, and nADC-E with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 100%. The present study confirms the usability of a multibiometric approach including volume, perfusion, and diffusion metrics in differentially diagnosing brain tumors in preoperative patients and adds to the growing body of evidence in the clinical field in need of validation and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Durmo
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydelius
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Silke Engelholm
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Kinhult
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krister Askaner
- Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabella M Björkman-Burtscher
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Ljung H, Strandberg M, Bengzon J, Källén K. Response: Memory decline from hippocampal electrodes? Let's not forget statistics and study design. Epilepsia 2018; 59:503-504. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ljung
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
- Division of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Division of Neurology; Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Maria Strandberg
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
- Division of Neurology; Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - Kristina Källén
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
- Division of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Division of Neurology; Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Ljung H, Nordlund A, Strandberg M, Bengzon J, Källén K. Verbal memory decline from hippocampal depth electrodes in temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 58:2143-2152. [PMID: 29105058 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy risk aggravated verbal memory loss from intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recording with longitudinal hippocampal electrodes in the language-dominant hemisphere. METHODS A long-term neuropsychological follow-up (mean 61.5 months, range 22-111 months) was performed in 40 patients after ictal registration with left hippocampal depth electrodes (study group, n = 16) or no invasive EEG, only extracranial registration (reference group, n = 24). The groups were equal with respect to education, age at seizure onset, epilepsy duration, and prevalence of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; 75%) versus seizure freedom (25%). Retrospective neuropsychological data from preoperative surgical workup (T1) and prospective follow-up neuropsychological data (T2) were compared. A ≥1 SD intrapatient decline was considered as clinically relevant deterioration of verbal memory. RESULTS Significant decline in verbal memory was seen in 56% of the patients in the study group compared to 21% in the reference group. At T1, there were no statistical between-group differences in memory performance. At T2, between-group comparison showed significantly greater verbal memory decline for the study group (Claeson Dahl Learning and Retention Test, Verbal Learning: p = 0.05; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Total Learning: p = 0.04; Claeson Dahl Learning and Retention Test, Verbal Retention: p = 0.04). An odds ratio (OR) of 7.1 (90% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-37.7) for verbal memory decline was seen if right temporal lobe resection (R TLR) had been performed between T1 and T2. The difference between groups remained unchanged when patients who had undergone R TLR were excluded from the analysis, with a remaining aggravated significant decline in verbal memory performance for the study group compared to the reference group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest a risk of verbal memory deterioration after the use of depth electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Until this issue is further investigated, caution regarding depth electrodes in the language-dominant hemisphere hippocampus seems advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ljung
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arto Nordlund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Strandberg
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Källén
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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32
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Miskinyte G, Devaraju K, Grønning Hansen M, Monni E, Tornero D, Woods NB, Bengzon J, Ahlenius H, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to functional excitatory cortical neurons integrating into human neural networks. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28962665 PMCID: PMC5622454 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human fibroblasts can be directly converted to several subtypes of neurons, but cortical projection neurons have not been generated. Methods Here we screened for transcription factor combinations that could potentially convert human fibroblasts to functional excitatory cortical neurons. The induced cortical (iCtx) cells were analyzed for cortical neuronal identity using immunocytochemistry, single-cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), electrophysiology, and their ability to integrate into human neural networks in vitro and ex vivo using electrophysiology and rabies virus tracing. Results We show that a combination of three transcription factors, BRN2, MYT1L, and FEZF2, have the ability to directly convert human fibroblasts to functional excitatory cortical neurons. The conversion efficiency was increased to about 16% by treatment with small molecules and microRNAs. The iCtx cells exhibited electrophysiological properties of functional neurons, had pyramidal-like cell morphology, and expressed key cortical projection neuronal markers. Single-cell analysis of iCtx cells revealed a complex gene expression profile, a subpopulation of them displaying a molecular signature closely resembling that of human fetal primary cortical neurons. The iCtx cells received synaptic inputs from co-cultured human fetal primary cortical neurons, contained spines, and expressed the postsynaptic excitatory scaffold protein PSD95. When transplanted ex vivo to organotypic cultures of adult human cerebral cortex, the iCtx cells exhibited morphological and electrophysiological properties of mature neurons, integrated structurally into the cortical tissue, and received synaptic inputs from adult human neurons. Conclusions Our findings indicate that functional excitatory cortical neurons, generated here for the first time by direct conversion of human somatic cells, have the capacity for synaptic integration into adult human cortex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0658-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Miskinyte
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karthikeyan Devaraju
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marita Grønning Hansen
- Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels Bjarne Woods
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital BMC B10, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
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Jansohn E, Bengzon J, Kander T, Schött U. A pilot study on the applicability of thromboelastometry in detecting brain tumour-induced hypercoagulation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:289-294. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1306877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Menard JA, Christianson HC, Kucharzewska P, Bourseau-Guilmain E, Svensson KJ, Lindqvist E, Indira Chandran V, Kjellén L, Welinder C, Bengzon J, Johansson MC, Belting M. Metastasis Stimulation by Hypoxia and Acidosis-Induced Extracellular Lipid Uptake Is Mediated by Proteoglycan-Dependent Endocytosis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4828-40. [PMID: 27199348 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidosis are inherent stress factors of the tumor microenvironment and have been linked to increased tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance. Molecules involved in the adaptive mechanisms that drive stress-induced disease progression constitute interesting candidates of therapeutic intervention. Here, we provide evidence of a novel role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the adaptive response of tumor cells to hypoxia and acidosis through increased internalization of lipoproteins, resulting in a lipid-storing phenotype and enhanced tumor-forming capacity. Patient glioblastoma tumors and cells under hypoxic and acidic stress acquired a lipid droplet (LD)-loaded phenotype, and showed an increased recruitment of all major lipoproteins, HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Stress-induced LD accumulation was associated with increased spheroid-forming capacity during reoxygenation in vitro and lung metastatic potential in vivo On a mechanistic level, we found no apparent effect of hypoxia on HSPGs, whereas lipoprotein receptors (VLDLR and SR-B1) were transiently upregulated by hypoxia. Importantly, however, using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we show that stress-mediated lipoprotein uptake is highly dependent on intact HSPG expression. The functional relevance of HSPG in the context of tumor cell stress was evidenced by HSPG-dependent lipoprotein cell signaling activation through the ERK/MAPK pathway and by reversal of the LD-loaded phenotype by targeting of HSPGs. We conclude that HSPGs may have an important role in the adaptive response to major stress factors of the tumor microenvironment, with functional consequences on tumor cell signaling and metastatic potential. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4828-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A Menard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena C Christianson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paulina Kucharzewska
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erika Bourseau-Guilmain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vineesh Indira Chandran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Center of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry "CEBMMS", Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria C Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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35
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Avaliani N, Sørensen AT, Ledri M, Bengzon J, Koch P, Brüstle O, Deisseroth K, Andersson M, Kokaia M. Optogenetics reveal delayed afferent synaptogenesis on grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3088-98. [PMID: 25183299 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotency stem cell state has opened new opportunities in cell replacement therapy and disease modeling in a number of neurological disorders. It still remains unknown, however, to what degree the grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiate into a functional neuronal phenotype and if they integrate into the host circuitry. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the functional properties and synaptic integration of hiPSC-derived neurons grafted in an in vitro model of hyperexcitable epileptic tissue, namely organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), and in adult rats in vivo. The hiPSCs were first differentiated into long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells, which are known to form primarily GABAergic neurons. When differentiated in OHSCs for 6 weeks, lt-NES cell-derived neurons displayed neuronal properties such as tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents and action potentials (APs), as well as both spontaneous and evoked postsynaptic currents, indicating functional afferent synaptic inputs. The grafted cells had a distinct electrophysiological profile compared to host cells in the OHSCs with higher input resistance, lower resting membrane potential, and APs with lower amplitude and longer duration. To investigate the origin of synaptic afferents to the grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons, the host neurons were transduced with Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and optogenetically activated by blue light. Simultaneous recordings of synaptic currents in grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique at 6 weeks after grafting revealed limited synaptic connections from host neurons. Longer differentiation times, up to 24 weeks after grafting in vivo, revealed more mature intrinsic properties and extensive synaptic afferents from host neurons to the lt-NES cell-derived neurons, suggesting that these cells require extended time for differentiation/maturation and synaptogenesis. However, even at this later time point, the grafted cells maintained a higher input resistance. These data indicate that grafted lt-NES cell-derived neurons receive ample afferent input from the host brain. Since the lt-NES cells used in this study show a strong propensity for GABAergic differentiation, the host-to-graft synaptic afferents may facilitate inhibitory neurotransmitter release, and normalize hyperexcitable neuronal networks in brain diseases, for example, such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Avaliani
- Epilepsy Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Ströjby S, Eberstål S, Svensson A, Fritzell S, Bexell D, Siesjö P, Darabi A, Bengzon J. Intratumorally implanted mesenchymal stromal cells potentiate peripheral immunotherapy against malignant rat gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:240-3. [PMID: 25086876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) target glioma extensions and micro-satellites efficiently when implanted intratumorally. Here, we report that intratumoral implantation of MSCs and peripheral immunotherapy with interferon-gamma (IFNγ) producing tumor cells improve the survival of glioma-bearing rats (54% cure rate) compared to MSC alone (0% cure rate) or immunotherapy alone (21% cure rate) by enforcing an intratumoral CD8(+) T cell response. Further analysis revealed that the MSCs up-regulate MHC classes I and II in response to IFNγ treatment in vitro and secrete low amounts of immunosuppressive molecules prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Ströjby
- Bengzon Group, Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Eberstål
- Bengzon Group, Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Svensson
- Bengzon Group, Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Fritzell
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Bengzon Group, Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Siesjö
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Darabi
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Bengzon Group, Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Bexell D, Gunnarsson S, Svensson A, Tormin A, Henriques-Oliveira C, Siesjö P, Paul G, Salford LG, Scheding S, Bengzon J. Rat multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells lack long-distance tropism to 3 different rat glioma models. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:731-9. [PMID: 21869725 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318232dedd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral gene therapy of malignant brain tumors has been restricted by the limited vector distribution within the tumors. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and other precursor cells have shown tropism for gliomas, and these cells are currently being explored as potential vehicles for gene delivery in glioma gene therapy. OBJECTIVE To investigate MSC migration in detail after intratumoral and extratumoral implantation through syngeneic and orthotopic glioma models. METHODS Adult rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced to express enhanced green fluorescent protein and implanted either directly into or at a distance from rat gliomas. RESULTS We found no evidence of long-distance MSC migration through the intact striatum toward syngeneic D74(RG2), N32, and N29 gliomas in the ipsilateral hemisphere or across the corpus callosum to gliomas located in the contralateral hemisphere. After intratumoral injection, MSCs migrated extensively, specifically within N32 gliomas. The MSCs did not proliferate within tumors, suggesting a low risk of malignant transformation of in vivo grafted cell vectors. Using a model for surgical glioma resection, we found that intratumorally grafted MSCs migrate efficiently within glioma remnants after partial surgical resection. CONCLUSION The findings point to limitations for the use of MSCs as vectors in glioma gene therapy, although intratumoral MSC implantation provides a dense and tumor-specific vector distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bexell
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Bexell D, Svensson A, Bengzon J. Stem cell-based therapy for malignant glioma. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:358-65. [PMID: 22795538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been extensively investigated as tumour-tropic vectors for gene delivery to solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the potential for using stem cells as cellular vector systems in gene therapy for malignant gliomas, with a focus on neural stem cells, and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Tumour cell-derived substances and factors associated with tumour-induced inflammation and tumour neovascularisation can specifically attract stem cells to invasive gliomas. Injected stem cells engineered to produce anti-tumour substances have shown strong therapeutic effects in experimental glioma models. However, the potential caveats include the immunosuppressive functions of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, the contribution of stem cells to the pro-tumourigenic stroma, and the malignant transformation of implanted stem cells. In addition, it is not yet known which stem cell types and therapeutic genes will be most effective for the treatment of glioma patients. Here, we highlight the possibilities and problems for translating promising experimental findings in glioma models into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bexell
- Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC B10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Molecular Medicine, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Paul G, Özen I, Christophersen NS, Reinbothe T, Bengzon J, Visse E, Jansson K, Dannaeus K, Henriques-Oliveira C, Roybon L, Anisimov SV, Renström E, Svensson M, Haegerstrand A, Brundin P. The adult human brain harbors multipotent perivascular mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35577. [PMID: 22523602 PMCID: PMC3327668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels and adjacent cells form perivascular stem cell niches in adult tissues. In this perivascular niche, a stem cell with mesenchymal characteristics was recently identified in some adult somatic tissues. These cells are pericytes that line the microvasculature, express mesenchymal markers and differentiate into mesodermal lineages but might even have the capacity to generate tissue-specific cell types. Here, we isolated, purified and characterized a previously unrecognized progenitor population from two different regions in the adult human brain, the ventricular wall and the neocortex. We show that these cells co-express markers for mesenchymal stem cells and pericytes in vivo and in vitro, but do not express glial, neuronal progenitor, hematopoietic, endothelial or microglial markers in their native state. Furthermore, we demonstrate at a clonal level that these progenitors have true multilineage potential towards both, the mesodermal and neuroectodermal phenotype. They can be epigenetically induced in vitro into adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteoblasts but also into glial cells and immature neurons. This progenitor population exhibits long-term proliferation, karyotype stability and retention of phenotype and multipotency following extensive propagation. Thus, we provide evidence that the vascular niche in the adult human brain harbors a novel progenitor with multilineage capacity that appears to represent mesenchymal stem cells and is different from any previously described human neural stem cell. Future studies will elucidate whether these cells may play a role for disease or may represent a reservoir that can be exploited in efforts to repair the diseased human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Paul
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Grubb A, Björk J, Nyman U, Pollak J, Bengzon J, Ostner G, Lindström V. Cystatin C, a marker for successful aging and glomerular filtration rate, is not influenced by inflammation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2011; 71:145-9. [PMID: 21198422 PMCID: PMC3072693 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2010.546879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The plasma level of cystatin C is a better marker than plasma creatinine for successful aging. It has been assumed that the advantage of cystatin C is not only due to it being a better marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than creatinine, but also because an inflammatory state of a patient induces a raised cystatin C level. However, the observations of an association between cystatin C level and inflammation stem from large cohort studies. The present work concerns the cystatin C levels and degree of inflammation in longitudinal studies of individual subjects without infl ammation, who undergo elective surgery. Methods Cystatin C, creatinine, and the inflammatory markers CRP, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin and orosomucoid were measured in plasma samples from 35 patients the day before elective surgery and subsequently during seven consecutive days Results Twenty patients had CRP-levels below 1 mg/L before surgery and low levels of the additional inflammatory markers. Surgery caused marked inflammation with high peak values of CRP and SAA on the second day after the operation. The cystatin C level did not change significantly during the observation period and did not correlate significantly with the level of any of the four inflammatory markers. The creatinine level was significantly reduced on the first postoperative day but reached the preoperative level towards the end of the observation period. Conclusion The inflammatory status of a patient does not influence the role of cystatin C as a marker of successful aging, nor of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Gene therapy of solid cancers has been severely restricted by the limited distribution of vectors within tumors. However, cellular vectors have emerged as an effective migratory system for gene delivery to invasive cancers. Implanted and injected multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown tropism for several types of primary tumors and metastases. This capacity of MSCs forms the basis for their use as a gene vector system in neoplasms. Here, we review the tumor-directed migratory potential of MSCs, mechanisms of the migration, and the choice of therapeutic transgenes, with a focus on malignant gliomas as a model system for invasive and highly vascularized tumors. We examine recent findings demonstrating that MSCs share many characteristics with pericytes and that implanted MSCs localize primarily to perivascular niches within tumors, which might have therapeutic implications. The use of MSC vectors in cancer gene therapy raises concerns, however, including a possible MSC contribution to tumor stroma and vasculature, MSC-mediated antitumor immune suppression, and the potential malignant transformation of cultured MSCs. Nonetheless, we highlight the novel prospects of MSC-based tumor therapy, which appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bexell
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Bexell D, Gunnarsson S, Siesjö P, Bengzon J, Darabi A. CD133+ and nestin+ tumor-initiating cells dominate in N29 and N32 experimental gliomas. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:15-22. [PMID: 19291792 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to critically evaluate the notion that cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells constitute a subpopulation of cells within experimental gliomas. Virtually all cells within the N29 and N32 rat glioma models homogenously expressed CD133, the stem/progenitor marker nestin as well as the neural lineage markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, betaIII-tubulin, and CNPase in vitro. The phenotype was largely retained on exposure to conditions promoting differentiation in vitro and after intracranial implantation of tumor cells into syngeneic hosts. Unsorted adherently grown cells displayed very high clonogenicity in vitro and robust tumorigenicity in vivo. Single N29 and N32 tumor cells invariably formed clones in vitro, and intracerebral inoculation of as few as 10 adherently growing N29 and N32 tumor cells, respectively, gave rise to a tumor. These results provide an alternative view on CSC-like cells in glioma models: sphere-formation is not a prerequisite for accumulation of tumorigenic cells, and CSC-like cells do not reside within a rare subpopulation of cells in these glioma models. N29 and N32 gliomas may accordingly be used for the development of treatment strategies directed specifically against a practically pure population of brain tumor-initiating CSC-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bexell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery,The Rausing Laboratory, BMC D14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Pfenninger CV, Roschupkina T, Hertwig F, Kottwitz D, Englund E, Bengzon J, Jacobsen SE, Nuber UA. CD133 is not present on neurogenic astrocytes in the adult subventricular zone, but on embryonic neural stem cells, ependymal cells, and glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5727-36. [PMID: 17575139 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human brain tumor stem cells have been enriched using antibodies against the surface protein CD133. An antibody recognizing CD133 also served to isolate normal neural stem cells from fetal human brain, suggesting a possible lineage relationship between normal neural and brain tumor stem cells. Whether CD133-positive brain tumor stem cells can be derived from CD133-positive neural stem or progenitor cells still requires direct experimental evidence, and an important step toward such investigations is the identification and characterization of normal CD133-presenting cells in neurogenic regions of the embryonic and adult brain. Here, we present evidence that CD133 is a marker for embryonic neural stem cells, an intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type in the early postnatal stage, and for ependymal cells in the adult brain, but not for neurogenic astrocytes in the adult subventricular zone. Our findings suggest two principal possibilities for the origin of brain tumor stem cells: a derivation from CD133-expressing cells, which are normally not present in the adult brain (embryonic neural stem cells and an early postnatal intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type), or from CD133-positive ependymal cells in the adult brain, which are, however, generally regarded as postmitotic. Alternatively, brain tumor stem cells could be derived from proliferative but CD133-negative neurogenic astrocytes in the adult brain. In the latter case, brain tumor development would involve the production of CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima V Pfenninger
- Lund Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Sweden
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Bexell D, Gunnarsson S, Nordquist J, Bengzon J. Characterization of the subventricular zone neurogenic response to rat malignant brain tumors. Neuroscience 2007; 147:824-32. [PMID: 17583435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the neurogenic regions of the adult brain. We characterized the neurogenic response of the SVZ to the growth of brain tumors in the rat striatum. Abundant nestin positive cells, most likely representing reactive astrocytes, were found surrounding the tumor. However, we observed no substantial migration of nestin positive cells from the SVZ toward the tumor. Tumor growth resulted in decreased numbers of bromodeoxyuridine positive and Ki-67 positive proliferating cells and a concomitant increase in doublecortin and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity within the SVZ. Neuroblasts were observed in high numbers in the area between the SVZ and the tumor, most likely pointing to the SVZ as the principal source of these cells. Neuroblasts located between the SVZ and the tumor expressed the transcription factor Pbx, a marker for immature striatal neurons. However, no evidence of neuroblast differentiation into fully mature neurons was found. This study thus demonstrates increased neuroblast immunoreactivity within the SVZ ipsilateral to a brain tumor in the striatum. SVZ-derived neuroblasts attracted by the tumor adopt an immature striatal phenotype indicating a region specific reparative mechanism in response to a malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bexell
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Hellsten J, Wennström M, Bengzon J, Mohapel P, Tingström A. Electroconvulsive seizures induce endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55:420-7. [PMID: 14960296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Revised: 08/14/2003] [Accepted: 08/15/2003] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive seizures, an animal model for electroconvulsive treatment, induce a strong increase in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. Hippocampal neurogenesis has previously been described as occurring in an angiogenic niche. This study examines the effect of electroconvulsive seizures on proliferation of vascular cells in rat hippocampus. METHODS Rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine to label proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus after single/multiple electroconvulsive seizures in a dose-response study and at various time points after single electroconvulsive seizures in a time-course study. RESULTS A dose-response effect on the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled endothelial cells located in the granule cell layer, hilus, and molecular layer was noted, as was the case with the number of neural precursors in the subgranular zone. The time-course study revealed that endothelial cell and neural precursor proliferation occurred in concert in response to a single electroconvulsive seizure. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in response to electroconvulsive seizures, endothelial cell and neural proliferation is coregulated. The increase in endothelial cell proliferation may act to support the increased neural proliferation and neuronal activity or vice versa, possibly leading to structural changes within the hippocampus of importance for the antidepressant effect of electroconvulsive seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hellsten
- Molecular Psychiatry Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Bengzon J, Grubb A, Bune A, Hellström K, Lindström V, Brandt L. C-reactive protein levels following standard neurosurgical procedures. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003; 145:667-70; discussion 670-1. [PMID: 14520546 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-003-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to establish the magnitude and time-course of C-reactive protein increases following routine neurosurgical procedures in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of infection. METHOD C-reactive protein levels were studied daily following ventriculo-peritoneal shunt implantation, anterior cervical fusion, vestibular schwannoma operation, supratentorial glioma surgery, endovascular intracranial aneurysm treatment and open cerebral aneurysm surgery. FINDINGS The magnitude of the C-reactive protein increase depended on the extent of surgical trauma and peak-levels were recorded between postoperative day one and four after which the levels tapered off. INTERPRETATION Increases occurring after the fourth postoperative day are likely to be caused by complications of surgery, e.g. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that apoptotic cell death contributes to brain damage following experimental seizures. A substantial number of degenerating neurons within limbic regions display morphological features of apoptosis following prolonged seizures evoked by systemic or local injections of kainic acid, systemic injections of pilocarpine and sustained stimulation of the perforant path. Although longer periods of seizures consistently result in brain damage, it has previously not been clear whether brief single or intermittent seizures lead to cell death. However, recent results indicate that also single seizures lead to apoptotic neuronal death. A brief, non-convulsive seizure evoked by kindling stimulation was found to produce apoptotic neurons bilaterally in the rat dentate gyrus. The mechanism triggering and mediating apoptotic degeneration is at present being studied. Alterations in the expression and activity of cell-death regulatory proteins such as members of the Bcl-2 family and the cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase (caspase) family occur in regions vulnerable to cell degeneration, suggesting an involvement of these factors in mediating apoptosis following seizures. Findings of decreased apoptotic cell death following administration of caspase inhibitors prior to and following experimentally induced status epilepticus, further suggest a role for caspases in seizure-evoked neuronal degeneration. Intermediate forms of cell death with both necrotic and apoptotic features have been found after seizures and investigation into the detailed mechanisms of the different forms of cell degeneration is needed before attempts to specific prevention can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Bengzon J, Kikvadze I, Kokaia M, Lindvall O. Regional Forebrain Noradrenalin Release in Response to Focal and Generalized Seizures Induced by Hippocampal Kindling Stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 4:278-288. [PMID: 12106373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo microdialysis was used to monitor noradrenalin (NA) release in the rat hippocampus, sensorimotor cortex and amygdala in response to seizures induced by electrical kindling stimulation in the hippocampus. Generalized seizures increased NA output in the hippocampus five-fold above baseline level (as assessed with 2-min sampling periods). The peak value was seen 2 - 4 min after onset of seizure activity and baseline was reached after another 6 - 8 min. In the sensorimotor cortex, there was a seven-fold increase showing a similar time-course. Focal hippocampal seizures gave rise to three-fold and 80% increases above baseline in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex, respectively. A unilateral knife transection of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle reduced hippocampal NA release induced by focal seizures by 53%. In animals subjected to 30 stimulus-evoked seizures with 5-min intervals ('rapid kindling'), maximal NA output was observed after the third seizure in both hippocampus (237% increase) and amygdala (122% increase). NA levels tapered off with repeated stimulation and reached baseline after nine stimulations in the hippocampus; in the amygdala, the NA output was still slightly elevated at the end of the stimulation period. These results indicate that there is a general activation of the locus coeruleus system during focal as well as generalized seizures, as evidenced by marked increases in transmitter release from noradrenergic terminals in all forebrain areas studied. NA output in areas exhibiting seizure activity is dependent on impulse flow in locus coeruleus neurons and probably also on local regulatory mechanisms active at the noradrenergic terminal level. The increase in inhibitory noradrenergic transmission in both epileptic and non-epileptic brain regions may dampen ongoing seizure activity as well as lessen its spread and generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengzon
- Restorative Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Hellsten J, Wennström M, Mohapel P, Ekdahl CT, Bengzon J, Tingström A. Electroconvulsive seizures increase hippocampal neurogenesis after chronic corticosterone treatment. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 16:283-90. [PMID: 12169110 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is often associated with elevated glucocorticoid levels. High levels of glucocorticoids reduce neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. Electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) can enhance neurogenesis, and we investigated the effects of ECS in rats where glucocorticoid levels were elevated in order to mimic conditions seen in depression. Rats given injections of corticosterone or vehicle for 21 days were at the end of this period treated with either a single or five daily ECSs. Proliferating cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). After 3 weeks, BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were quantified and analyzed for co-labelling with the neuronal marker neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN). In corticosterone-treated rats, neurogenesis was decreased by 75%. This was counteracted by a single ECS. Multiple ECS further increased neurogenesis and no significant differences in BrdU/NeuN positive cells were detected between corticosterone- and vehicle-treated rats given five ECS. Approximately 80% of the cells within the granule cell layer and 10% of the hilar cells were double-labelled with BrdU and NeuN. We therefore conclude that electroconvulsive seizures can increase hippocampal neurogenesis even in the presence of elevated levels of glucocorticoids. This further supports the hypothesis that induction of neurogenesis is an important event in the action of antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hellsten
- Molecular Psychiatry Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely used and efficient treatment modality in psychiatry, although the basis for its therapeutic effect is still unknown. Past research has shown seizure activity to be a regulator of neurogenesis in the adult brain. This study examines the effect of a single and multiple electroconvulsive seizures on neurogenesis in the rat dentate gyrus. METHODS Rats were given either a single or a series of 10 electroconvulsive seizures. At different times after the seizures, a marker of proliferating cells, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), was administered to the animals. Subsequently, newborn cells positive for BrdU were counted in the dentate gyrus. Double staining with a neuron-specific marker indicated that the newborn cells displayed a neuronal phenotype. RESULTS A single electroconvulsive seizure significantly increased the number of new born cells in the dentate gyrus. These cells survived for at least 3 months. A series of seizures further increased neurogenesis, indicating a dose-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We propose that generation of new neurons in the hippocampus may be an important neurobiologic element underlying the clinical effects of electroconvulsive seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Madsen
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, H:S Rigshospitalet, (TMM, TGB), Copenhagen, Denmark
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