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Sil BK, Jamiruddin MR, Paul PK, Aekwattanaphol N, Nakpheng T, Haq MA, Buatong W, Srichana T. Ascorbic acid as serine protease inhibitor in lung cancer cell line and human serum albumin. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303706. [PMID: 39042609 PMCID: PMC11265676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases (SPs) are distributed among all living cells accounting for almost one-third of all proteases. Dysregulation of SPs during inflammation and/or infection can result in devastating consequences, such as skin and lung inflammation, neuroinflammation, arthritis, as well as metastasis of cancerous cells. Such activities are tightly regulated by various inhibitors known as serine protease inhibitors (SERPIN). The thermodynamic investigations previously revealed that L-ascorbic acid binds to trypsin more firmly than pepsin and the binding force of L-ascorbic acid is driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. However, the physiochemical effects of such interaction on trypsin and/or pepsin have not yet been reported. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is one of the essential nutrients and most common food supplements, fortificants, and preservatives. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid on serine proteases at various concentrations on the in-vitro digestion and/or hydrolysis of intercellular matrix of cell monolayer and human serum albumin (HSA). The inhibitory effects of ascorbic on trypsin are investigated by qualitative and quantitative analysis using SDS-PAGE imaging and NIH densitometric software. Upon the addition of ascorbic acid in both indicator systems, the detachment and/or dissociation of cell monolayer and the digestion of HSA were inhibited in the presence of EDTA-Trypsin. The inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on the digestion of intercellular matrix and/or hydrolysis of HSA showed a dose-dependent trend until it reached the maximum extent of inhibition. At an equal concentration (2.5mg/mL) ascorbic acid and EDTA-Trypsin exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on the in vitro digestion of protein either in the form of intercellular matrix in cell monolayer and/or HSA respectively. Overall, our results based on two indicator systems strongly indicate that ascorbic acid may function as a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) beyond other important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijon Kumar Sil
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nattanit Aekwattanaphol
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Md. Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Lab, Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wilaiporn Buatong
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Komatsuzaki K, Kageshima H, Sekino Y, Suzuki Y, Ugajin T, Tamaoka M, Hanazawa R, Hirakawa A, Miyazaki Y. Local nasal immunotherapy with birch pollen-galactomannan conjugate-containing ointment in mice and humans. Allergol Int 2024; 73:290-301. [PMID: 37981502 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergy. Owing to the high prevalence and early onset of hay fever and pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS), a safer and simpler treatment method than conventional AIT is needed. To develop a local nasal immunotherapy using an ointment containing hypoallergenic pollen and assess its efficacy in mice and healthy humans. METHODS Hypoallergenicity was achieved by combining pollen and galactomannan through the Maillard reaction to create birch pollen-galactomannan conjugate (BP-GMC). The binding of galactomannan to Bet v 1 was confirmed using electrophoresis and Western blotting (WB). Binding of specific IgE antibodies to BP-GMC was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and basophil activation test (BAT). The localization of BP-GMC absorption was confirmed using a BALB/c mouse model. BP-GMC mixed with white petrolatum was intranasally administered to 10 healthy individuals (active drugs, 8; placebo, 2) for 14 days. RESULTS In electrophoresis and WB, no 17-kDa band was observed. In ELISA and BAT, BP-GMC did not react to specific IgE but was bound to IgA and IgG. In the mouse model, BP-GMC was detected in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues. In the active drug group, the salivary-specific IgA level significantly increased on day 15 (p = 0.0299), while the serum-specific IgG level significantly increased on day 85 (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS The BP-GMC ointment rapidly produced antagonistic antibodies against IgE; it is safe and easy to use and might serve as a therapeutic antigen for hay fever and PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Komatsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kageshima
- Bio & Healthcare Business Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekino
- Bio & Healthcare Business Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ugajin
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiyo Tamaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hanazawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Giangrieco I, Ciardiello MA, Tamburrini M, Tuppo L, Mari A, Alessandri C. Plant and Arthropod IgE-Binding Papain-like Cysteine Proteases: Multiple Contributions to Allergenicity. Foods 2024; 13:790. [PMID: 38472904 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases are widespread and can be detected in all domains of life. They share structural and enzymatic properties with the group's namesake member, papain. They show a broad range of protein substrates and are involved in several biological processes. These proteases are widely exploited for food, pharmaceutical, chemical and cosmetic biotechnological applications. However, some of them are known to cause allergic reactions. In this context, the objective of this review is to report an overview of some general properties of papain-like cysteine proteases and to highlight their contributions to allergy reactions observed in humans. For instance, the literature shows that their proteolytic activity can cause an increase in tissue permeability, which favours the crossing of allergens through the skin, intestinal and respiratory barriers. The observation that allergy to PLCPs is mostly detected for inhaled proteins is in line with the reports describing mite homologs, such as Der p 1 and Der f 1, as major allergens showing a frequent correlation between sensitisation and clinical allergic reactions. In contrast, the plant food homologs are often digested in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they only rarely can cause allergic reactions in humans. Accordingly, they are reported mainly as a cause of occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Giangrieco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Tamburrini
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lisa Tuppo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Alessandri
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
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Guo W, Luo H, Cao Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Zou J, Sheng C, Xi Y. Multi-omics research on common allergens during the ripening of pollen and poplar flocs of Populus deltoides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136613. [PMID: 37396639 PMCID: PMC10313134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Populus deltoides is widely cultivated in China and produces a large number of pollen and poplar flocs from March to June per year. Previous studies have found that the pollen of P. deltoides contains allergens. However, studies on the ripening mechanism of pollen/poplar flocs and their common allergens are very limited. Methods Proteomics and metabolomics were used to study the changes of proteins and metabolites in pollen and poplar flocs of P. deltoides at different developmental stages. Allergenonline database was used to identify common allergens in pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the biological activity of common allergens between mature pollen and poplar flocs. Results In total, 1400 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) and 459 different metabolites (DMs) were identified from pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEPs in pollen and poplar flocs were significantly enriched in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways. The DMs in pollen are mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis, while the DMs in poplar flocs are mainly involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Additionally, 72 common allergens were identified in pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. WB showed that there were distinct binding bands between 70 and 17KD at the two groups of allergens. Conclusions A multitude of proteins and metabolites are closely related to the ripening of pollen and poplar flocs of Populus deltoides, and they contain common allergens between mature pollen and poplar flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Changle Sheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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5
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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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Ogi K, Liu S, Ramezanpour M, Cooksley C, Javadiyan S, Fujieda S, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. Trimellitic anhydride facilitates transepithelial permeability disrupting tight junctions in sinonasal epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:27-33. [PMID: 34627954 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a chemical agent classified as a low molecular weight (LMW) agent causing occupational rhinitis (OR) or asthma. Although TMA is recognized as a respiratory sensitizer, the direct and non-immunologic effects of TMA remain unclear. Air- liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects were treated with TMA, followed by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The cytotoxicity of TMA was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. TMA at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/mL significantly reduced the TEER within 10 min (p = 0.0177 on 2 mg/mL; p < 0.0001 on 4 mg/mL). The paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran was significantly increased upon challenge with 4 mg/mL TMA for 3 h (p = 0.0088) and 6 h (p = 0.0004). TMA treatment induced a reduction in the fluorescence intensity of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. LDH assay revealed 4 mg/mL TMA induced cytotoxicity only after 6 h incubation, while 1 or 2 mg/mL TMA caused no cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that TMA has a potential to penetrate the epithelial barrier by disrupting claudin-1 and ZO-1, indicating an important role for sensitization and OR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia; Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.
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Fukase S, Ando T, Matsuzawa M, Kimura M, Sone Y, Izawa K, Kaitani A, Kamei A, Kojima M, Nakano N, Maeda K, Shimizu T, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama M, Murakami A, Ebihara N, Kitaura J. Pollen shells and soluble factors play non-redundant roles in the development of allergic conjunctivitis in mice. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:152-162. [PMID: 34428578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the role of particulate allergen exposure to the conjunctiva in the development of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS We administered ragweed pollen suspension, pollen extract, pollen shell, particulate air pollutants, and their combinations to the mouse conjunctiva five days a week without prior sensitization. Clinical signs were scored. Histological changes, cellular infiltrations, mRNA expressions, lymph node cell recall responses, and serum immunoglobulin levels were assessed. Immune cell-depleting antibodies and ST2 knockout mice were used to investigate the cellular and molecular requirements. RESULTS Pollen suspension, but not the extract or shell alone, induced robust eosinophilic conjunctivitis, accompanied by a proliferative response of epithelial cells. A combination of pollen extract and shell completely restored eosinophil accumulation. In addition, eosinophilic conjunctivitis was induced by a mixture of particulate air pollutants and pollen extract. Mechanistically, eosinophil accumulation was ameliorated by deficiency of the IL-33 receptor ST2 and abolished by depleting CD4+ T cells. Pollen shells, but not the extract, induced IL-33 release from conjunctival epithelial cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the non-redundant roles for the allergens' particulate properties and soluble factors in the development of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaya Fukase
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Moe Matsuzawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Meiko Kimura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sone
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayako Kaitani
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Anna Kamei
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayuki Kojima
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Miyauchi S, Nakagome K, Noguchi T, Kobayashi T, Ueda Y, Soma T, Nagata M. Japanese cedar pollen upregulates the effector functions of eosinophils. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e26. [PMID: 34386402 PMCID: PMC8331255 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms of rhinitis and asthma can be exacerbated during Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-scattering season, even in subjects who are not sensitized to JCP, suggesting that innate immune responses may contribute to this process. We previously reported that house dust mite directly activates the effector functions of eosinophils. Similar mechanisms may play roles in the JCP-related aggravation of allergic diseases. Objective To investigate whether JCP or Cry j 1, a major allergen of JCP, can modify the effector functions of eosinophils. Methods Eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors were stimulated with either JCP or Cry j 1, and their adhesion to human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was measured using eosinophil peroxidase assays. The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2−) was measured based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Concentrations of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in the cell media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a marker of degranulation. Results Both JCP and Cry j 1 directly induced eosinophil adhesiveness, generation of O2−, and release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Both anti-αM and anti-β2 integrin antibodies blocked all of these eosinophil functions induced by JCP and Cry j 1. Similarly, PAR-2 antagonists also partially suppressed all of these effector functions induced by JCP and Cry j 1. Conclusion JCP and Cry j 1 directly activate the functions of eosinophils, and both αMβ2 integrin and partly PAR-2 are contributed to this activation. Therefore, JCP-induced eosinophil activation may play a role in the aggravation of allergic airway diseases in nonsensitized patients as well as in JCP-sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Ueda
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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9
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Kanno T, Adachi Y, Ohashi-Doi K, Matsuhara H, Hiratsuka R, Ishibashi KI, Yamanaka D, Ohno N. Latent 1,3-β-D-glucan acts as an adjuvant for allergen-specific IgE production induced by Japanese cedar pollen exposure. Allergol Int 2021; 70:105-113. [PMID: 32919904 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen grains of several plant species contain 1,3-β-D-glucan (BG). BG activates dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently regulates the innate immune responses. Within Japan, the most common disease associated with type-I hypersensitivity is Japanese cedar pollinosis. However, the role of BG in Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) remains unclear. This study examined the localization and immunological effects of BG in JCP. METHODS The localization of BG in JCP grain was determined by immunohistochemical staining using a soluble dectin-1 protein probe and a BG recognition protein (BGRP). The content of BG extracted from JCP was measured by a BGRP-based ELISA-like assay. The cytokine production by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) obtained from wild-type and BG receptor (dectin-1) knock-out mice was examined in vitro. The mice were intranasally administered JCP grains and the specific serum Ig levels were then quantified. RESULTS BG was detected in the exine and cell wall of the generative cell and tube cell of the JCP grain. Moreover, BG in the exine stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BMDCs via a dectin-1-dependent mechanism. Meanwhile, JCP-specific IgE and IgG were detected in the serum of wild-type mice that had been intranasally administered with JCP grains. These mice also exhibited significantly enhanced sneezing behavior. However, dectin-1 knock-out mice exhibited significantly lower JCP-specific IgE and IgG levels compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Latent BG in JCP can act as an adjuvant to induce JCP-specific antibody production via dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Matsuhara
- Research Laboratory, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Hiratsuka
- Division of Biology, Department of Natural Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Pointner L, Bethanis A, Thaler M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gilles S, Ferreira F, Aglas L. Initiating pollen sensitization - complex source, complex mechanisms. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32884636 PMCID: PMC7461309 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the induction of allergic sensitization by pollen are not fully understood. Within the last few decades, findings from epidemiological and experimental studies support the notion that allergic sensitization is not only dependent on the genetics of the host and environmental factors, but also on intrinsic features of the allergenic source itself. In this review, we summarize the current concepts and newest advances in research focusing on the initial mechanisms inducing pollen sensitization. Pollen allergens are embedded in a complex and heterogeneous matrix composed of a myriad of bioactive molecules that are co-delivered during the allergic sensitization. Surprisingly, several purified allergens were shown to lack inherent sensitizing potential. Thus, growing evidence supports an essential role of pollen-derived components co-delivered with the allergens in the initiation of allergic sensitization. The pollen matrix, which is composed by intrinsic molecules (e.g. proteins, metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates) and extrinsic compounds (e.g. viruses, particles from air pollutants, pollen-linked microbiome), provide a specific context for the allergen and has been proposed as a determinant of Th2 polarization. In addition, the involvement of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), secreted alarmins, innate immune cells, and the dependency of DCs in driving pollen-induced Th2 inflammatory processes suggest that allergic sensitization to pollen most likely results from particular combinations of pollen-specific signals rather than from a common determinant of allergenicity. The exact identification and characterization of such pollen-derived Th2-polarizing molecules should provide mechanistic insights into Th2 polarization and pave the way for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against pollen allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pointner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Athanasios Bethanis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Thaler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Airway Mycosis and the Regulation of Type 2 Immunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020074. [PMID: 32485866 PMCID: PMC7344719 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus genus and others have long been linked to the induction of type 2 immunity that underlies IgE-mediated hypersensitivity responses. This unique immune response is characterized by the production of the allergy-associated T helper cell type 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-13, and IL-17 that drive IgE, eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness and other manifestations of asthma. Proteinases secreted by filamentous fungi promote type 2 immunity, but the mechanism by which this occurs has long remained obscure. Through detailed biochemical analysis of household dust, microbiological dissection of human airway secretions, and extensive modeling in mice, our laboratory has assembled a detailed mechanistic description of how type 2 immunity evolves after exposure to fungi. In this review we summarize three key discoveries: (1) fungal proteinases drive the type 2 immune response; (2) the relationship between fungi, proteinases, and type 2 immunity is explained by airway mycosis, a form of non-invasive fungal infection of the airway lumen; and (3) the innate component of proteinase-driven type 2 immunity is mediated by cleavage of the clotting protein fibrinogen. Despite these advances, additional work is required to understand how Th2 and Th17 responses evolve and the role that non-filamentous fungi potentially play in allergic diseases.
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13
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Iwanaga T, Nioh A, Reed N, Kiyokawa H, Akatsuka H. A novel water-in-oil emulsion with a lecithin-modified bentonite prevents skin damage from urban dust and cedar pollen. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:229-236. [PMID: 31995229 PMCID: PMC7318621 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Particulate matter (PM), such as air pollutants and pollens, are known to cause skin ageing through skin inflammation. It is important to develop formulations which protect the skin from PM. We previously developed a conventional water-in-oil emulsion with a synthetic surfactant, distearyldimonium chloride, modified bentonite (C-W/O), which protects skin from allergens. In the present study, we developed a novel water-in-oil emulsion with a natural surfactant, lecithin, modified bentonite (N-W/O). METHODS The microarray analysis was performed using total RNA extracted from a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) stimulated with urban aerosols or cedar pollen for 6 h in order to develop an epidermal inflammation model by PM for the evaluation of topical formulations. We then compared the efficacy of N-W/O and C-W/O to prevent epidermal degradation. Tissues and culture media were collected 24 h after the urban aerosol or cedar pollen stimulation for a histological assay, and the quantification of MMP1 and IL-8 secretion. RESULTS The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL1A and CXCL8, and matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP1, MMP3 and MMP9, were significantly up-regulated by the PM stimulation. As a result of ranking based on the pathway enrichment analysis, oxidative stress-related pathways, such as MAPK-mediated signalling, HIF-1 signalling, IL-1 signalling and ROS-induced cellular signalling, were ranked high in the urban dust- and cedar pollen-treated groups. A thickened stratum corneum, thinned vital layer and cleaved E-cadherin were observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin in the PM treated groups. The secretion of MMP1 and IL-8 into the media was significantly increased by the PM stimulation. N-W/O prevented the degradation of epidermal integrity and secretion of inflammatory proteins more effectively than C-W/O. CONCLUSION The present results showed that N-W/O made using natural surfactant is useful at protecting skin from PM, such as urban aerosols and cedar pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwanaga
- Frontier Research Center, Pola Chemical Industries, Inc., Kashio-cho 560, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Nioh
- Frontier Research Center, Pola Chemical Industries, Inc., Kashio-cho 560, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Reed
- Jurlique International Pty. Ltd., 44-50 Oborn Road, Mount Barker, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Kiyokawa
- Frontier Research Center, Pola Chemical Industries, Inc., Kashio-cho 560, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Akatsuka
- Frontier Research Center, Pola Chemical Industries, Inc., Kashio-cho 560, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Abstract
House dust mites are an unsurpassed cause of atopic sensitization and allergic illness throughout the world. The major allergenic dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Euroglyphus maynei, and Blomia tropicalis are eight-legged members of the Arachnid class. Their approximately 3-month lifespan comprises egg, larval, protonymph, tritonymph, and adult stages, with adults, about one fourth to one third of a millimeter in size, being at the threshold of visibility. The geographic and seasonal distributions of dust mites are determined by their need for adequate humidity, while their distribution within substrates is further determined by their avoidance of light. By contacting the epithelium of the eyes, nose, lower airways, skin, and gut, the allergen-containing particles of dust mites can induce sensitization and atopic symptoms in those organs. Various mite allergens, contained primarily in mite fecal particles but also in shed mite exoskeletons and decaying mite body fragments, have properties that include proteolytic activity, homology with the lipopolysaccharide-binding component of Toll-like receptor 4, homology with other invertebrate tropomyosins, and chitin-cleaving and chitin-binding activity. Mite proteases have direct epithelial effects including the breaching of tight junctions and the stimulation of protease-activated receptors, the latter inducing pruritus, epithelial dysfunction, and cytokine release. Other components, including chitin, unmethylated mite and bacterial DNA, and endotoxin, activate pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system and act as adjuvants promoting sensitization to mite and other allergens. Clinical conditions resulting from mite sensitization and exposure include rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Systemic allergy symptoms can also occur from the ingestion of cross-reacting invertebrates, such as shrimp or snail, or from the accidental ingestion of mite-contaminated foods. Beyond their direct importance as a major allergen source, an understanding of dust mites leads to insights into the nature of atopy and of allergic sensitization in general.
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15
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Suzuki M, Matsumoto T, Toyoda K, Nakamura Y, Murakami S. Impacts of CD40- and CD86-Silenced Antigen-Specific B Cells on the Control of Allergies. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:513-523. [PMID: 31064207 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419848188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously reported that CD40-silenced B cells inhibited allergic responses and symptoms. However, more potent therapies are needed. To our knowledge, the effects of CD86-silenced B cells and synergic effects of gene silencing in B cells by 2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on allergic disease control have not been reported. Objective To investigate the effects of CD86-silenced B cells and synergic effects of gene silencing in B cells on allergic responses and symptoms. Methods Mice were treated with CD40- and/or CD86-silenced B cells transfected with siRNAs and pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA). And the effects of these B cells were estimated. Results CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells significantly inhibited OVA-induced allergies. Treatment with CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells led to a significantly fewer sneezes and nasal rubbing movements, as well as lower OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, than that with CD40-silenced or CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells alone. These inhibitory effects were observed prior to sensitization as well as after the establishment of allergic rhinitis. CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells did not inhibit keyhole limpet hemocyanin-induced allergies. CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells also significantly inhibited allergic symptoms and OVA-specific IgE level in sera compared with CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, CD19+CD40− B cells significantly increased in the nasal tissue after intravenous administration of these cells. Furthermore, CD40-/CD86-silenced B cells inhibited allergic symptoms caused by Cry j 1, a major aeroallergen of Japanese cedar pollen, and Cry j 1-specific IgE in sera. Conclusion This study showed, for the first time, that siRNA-induced CD86-silenced B cells significantly inhibited allergic responses and symptoms antigen-specifically, and that siRNA-induced CD40-/CD86-silenced antigen-specific B cells are a more useful antigen-specific therapy than CD40- or CD86-silenced B cells alone for the control of allergies. Furthermore, it was shown that CD40-/CD86-silenced B cells have stronger inhibition of IgE production and allergic symptoms than CD40-/CD86-silenced DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamami Matsumoto
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiichi Toyoda
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakamura
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Li B, Zou Z, Meng F, Raz E, Huang Y, Tao A, Ai Y. Dust mite-derived Der f 3 activates a pro-inflammatory program in airway epithelial cells via PAR-1 and PAR-2. Mol Immunol 2019; 109:1-11. [PMID: 30836204 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protease activity of allergens has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The major allergen Der f 3 from Dermatophagoides farinae harbors serine protease activity, but its immunopathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Der f 3 on the airway epithelial barrier and on the molecular pathways by which Der f 3 induces inflammation. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in bronchial airway epithelial cells (AEC) between native Der f 3 and heat-inactivated (H) Der f 3, coupled with real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ELISA for validation. Unlike other protease allergens such as that induce Th2-promoting alarmins (IL-25, IL-33, TSLP) in AECs, Der f 3 induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, which are known to promote Th17 response. These pro-inflammatory mediators were induced by Der f 3 via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways as well as the store-operated calcium signaling. Gene silencing with small interfering RNA in A549 and BEAS-2B cells indicated that activation of AECs by Der f 3 was mainly dependent on protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), while PAR-1 was also required for the full activation of AECs. Double knock-down of PAR-1 and PAR-2 largely impaired Der f 3-inducecd IL-8 production and subsequent signaling pathways. Our data suggest that Der f 3 induces pro-inflammatory mediators in human epithelial cell lines via the PARs-MAPK-NF-κB axis. Our results provide a molecular mechanism by which Der f 3 may trigger the Th17-skewed allergic response toward house dust mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Immune-mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fanmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Eyal Raz
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Immune-mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, United States
| | - Yuye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Immune-mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yuncan Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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17
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Abstract
The skin is outermost barrier of the body and protects us from various kinds of external stimuli. The barrier function of the skin is, however, not wholly perfect but include some 'security holes' where external antigen invades in. Further, external antigens themselves have some specific shunt pathways to breach the skin barrier. Recent studies revealed that percutaneous sensitization is a strong inducer of systemic immune responses and it is now considered that majority of food allergy is sensitized through body surfaces. Thus, to know about the fundamental structure of the skin barrier and its potential weak spots must be important for understanding the pathomechanism of 'skin-originated' allergic diseases. In this review, I overview the fundamental features of the skin barrier, and then, will discuss the pathomechanism how external antigens breach the barrier and induce subsequent systemic allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyohei Egawa
- a Department of Dermatology , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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18
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Teixeira FM, Shah M, Domont GB, Nogueira FCS, Campos FAP. In-Depth Proteome Analysis of Ricinus communis Pollens. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1800347. [PMID: 30474183 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pollen grains are tiny structures vital for sexual reproduction and consequently seed and fruit production in angiosperms, and a source of many allergenic components responsible for deleterious implications for health worldwide. Current pollen research is mainly focused on unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the pollen germination and tube formation passing from the quiescent stage. In this context, an in-depth proteome analysis of the pollens from Ricinus communis at three different stages-that is, mature, hydrated, and in vitro germinated-is performed. This analysis results in the identification of 1950 proteins, including 1773, 1313, and 858, from mature, hydrated, and germinated pollens, respectively. Based on label-free quantification, 164 proteins are found to be significantly differentially abundant from mature to hydrated pollens, 40 proteins from hydrated to germinated, and 57 proteins from mature to germinated pollens, respectively. Most of the differentially abundant proteins are related to protein, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism and signaling. Besides other functional classes, a reasonable number of the proteins are predicted to be allergenic proteins, previously undiscovered. This is the first in-deep proteome analysis of the R. communis pollens and, to the best of our knowledge, one of the most complete proteome dataset identified from the pollens of any plant species, thus providing a reference proteome for researchers interested in pollen biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Francisco A P Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, 60455-900, Brazil
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19
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van Rijt LS, Logiantara A, Canbaz D, van Ree R. Birch pollen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy reduces ILC2 frequency but does not suppress IL-33 in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1402-1411. [PMID: 30126007 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanism of allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is not yet fully understood, but suppression of allergen-specific Th2 cells and production of allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies are two hallmarks. The impact on the innate arm of the immune system is far less clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of birch pollen (BP) SCIT on the innate immune response in a BP SCIT mouse model. METHODS Mice with birch pollen-induced allergic airway inflammation received weekly subcutaneous immunotherapy injections with birch pollen extract (BPE) adsorbed to alum. The effect of the BP SCIT on innate cytokine levels in lung, the number and the functionality of ILC2s and the airway inflammation was determined. RESULTS Mice with BP allergy had an increased level of the innate cytokines IL-33, IL-25, GM-CSF and IL-5+ ILC2s in the lungs. BP SCIT suppressed the number of IL-5+ ILC2s, mast cell tryptase release, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment and peribronchial inflammatory infiltrates. In contrast, innate cytokine production and collagen deposition in the airways were not affected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BP SCIT is able to suppress the adaptive and part of the innate immune response, but this is not sufficient to inhibit collagen deposition and the IL-33 expression in the airways in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie S van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Canbaz
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Human cystatin SN is an endogenous protease inhibitor that prevents allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1153-1162.e12. [PMID: 30012514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease allergens disrupt epithelial barriers to exert their allergenicity. Cystatin SN (encoded by CST1) is an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor upregulated in nasal epithelia in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the protective effect of human cystatin SN on AR symptoms using pollen-induced AR mouse models. METHODS We performed an in vitro protease activity assay to evaluate the effect of recombinant human cystatin SN (rhCystatin SN) on Japanese cedar (JC) or ragweed proteases. A human nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI 2650, was used to examine tight junction (TJ) disruption in vitro. Mice were sensitized and nasally challenged with JC or ragweed pollens with or without rhCystatin SN to examine the effect of rhCystatin SN on AR symptoms and the epithelial barrier in vivo. Because mice lack CST1, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human CST1 under control of its genomic control region (hCST1-Tg mice) to examine the role of cystatin SN in physiologically expressed conditions. RESULTS rhCystatin SN inhibited JC but not ragweed protease activities and prevented JC-induced but not ragweed-induced TJ disruption in vitro. Exogenous administration of rhCystatin SN ameliorated JC-induced but not ragweed-induced sneezing and nasal TJ disruption in vivo. Furthermore, hCST1-Tg mice showed decreased JC-induced but not ragweed-induced sneezing symptoms and nasal TJ disruption compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Human cystatin SN suppresses AR symptoms through inhibiting allergen protease activities and protecting the nasal TJ barrier in an allergen-specific manner. We propose that upregulation of nasal endogenous protease inhibitors, including cystatin SN, is a novel therapeutic strategy for protease allergen-induced AR.
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21
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Chen KW, Marusciac L, Tamas PT, Valenta R, Panaitescu C. Ragweed Pollen Allergy: Burden, Characteristics, and Management of an Imported Allergen Source in Europe. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 176:163-180. [PMID: 29788026 DOI: 10.1159/000487997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, also known as common or short ragweed, is an invasive annual flowering herbaceous plant that has its origin in North America. Nowadays, ragweed can be found in many areas worldwide. Ragweed pollen is known for its high potential to cause type I allergic reactions in late summer and autumn and represents a major health problem in America and several countries in Europe. Climate change and urbanization, as well as long distance transport capacity, enhance the spread of ragweed pollen. Therefore ragweed is becoming domestic in non-invaded areas which in turn will increase the sensitization rate. So far 11 ragweed allergens have been described and, according to IgE reactivity, Amb a 1 and Amb a 11 seem to be major allergens. Sensitization rates of the other allergens vary between 10 and 50%. Most of the allergens have already been recombinantly produced, but most of them have not been characterized regarding their allergenic activity, therefore no conclusion on the clinical relevance of all the allergens can be made, which is important and necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for ragweed pollen allergy but fails to impact on the course of allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative and disease-modifying treatment of allergy with long-lasting effects, but currently it is based on the administration of ragweed pollen extract or Amb a 1 only. In order to improve ragweed pollen AIT, new strategies are required with higher efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Chen
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brinzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Marusciac
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brinzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Tudor Tamas
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brinzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Panaitescu
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brinzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Kouzaki H, Kikuoka H, Matsumoto K, Kato T, Tojima I, Shimizu S, Shimizu T. A mechanism of interleukin-25 production from airway epithelial cells induced by Japanese cedar pollen. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:46-51. [PMID: 29402661 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 likely has vital roles in initiating and activating type-2 immune responses in AR. We hypothesized that the molecules produced IL-25 by allergen-producing organisms such as JC is involved in the pathogenesis of AR. Participants included 13 patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis and 10 HCs. We measured the IL-25 protein concentration in nasal secretions and in culture supernatants of PNECs. NHBE cells were stimulated with pharmacological and immunological agents and JC. The IL-25 concentration in nasal secretions was significantly higher in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis than in HCs. JC stimulated IL-25 production from PNECs. TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 significantly enhanced JC-induced IL-25 production; their activation by serine proteases was sufficient to enhance IL-25 production. Furthermore, the NADPH oxidase activity, including JC enhanced IL-25 production. A better understanding of JC-induced IL-25 production by epithelial cells may allow the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for Japanese cedar pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Kikuoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
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23
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Ribeiro H, Costa C, Abreu I, Esteves da Silva JCG. Effect of O 3 and NO 2 atmospheric pollutants on Platanus x acerifolia pollen: Immunochemical and spectroscopic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:291-297. [PMID: 28477486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of two important oxidizing atmospheric pollutants (O3 and NO2) on the allergenic properties and chemical composition of Platanus x acerifolia pollen were studied. Pollen samples were subjected to O3 and/or NO2 under in vitro conditions for 6h at atmospheric concentration levels (O3: 0.061ppm; NO2: 0.025ppm and the mixture of O3 and NO2: 0.060 and 0.031ppm respectively). Immunoblotting (using Pla a 1 and Pla a 2 antibodies), infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used. Immunochemical analysis showed that pollen allergenicity changes were different according to the pollutant tested (gas or mixture of gasses) and that the same pollutant gas may interact in a different manner with each specific allergen. The spectroscopy results showed modifications in the FTIR spectral features of bands assigned to proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides of the pollen exposed to the pollutants, as well as in the XPS spectra high-resolution components C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s. This indicates that while airborne, the pollen wall suffers further modifications of its components induced by air pollution, which can compromise the pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centre of Investigation in Chemistry (CIQ-UP), University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Patel S. A critical review on serine protease: Key immune manipulator and pathology mediator. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:579-591. [PMID: 28236540 PMCID: PMC7126602 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity is fundamental to survival, so it is not surprising that all living organisms have proteases, especially seine protease. This enzyme in its numerous isoforms and homologues, constitutes the quintessential offence and defence factors, in the form of surface proteins, secreted molecules, gut digestive enzymes, venom in specialised glands or plant latex, among other manifestations. Occurring as trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, collagenase, thrombin, subtilisin etc., it mediates a diverse array of functions, including pathological roles as inflammatory, coagulatory to haemorrhagic. This review emphasizes that despite the superficial differences in mechanisms, most health issues, be they infectious, allergic, metabolic, or neural have a common conduit. This enzyme, in its various glycosylated forms leads to signal misinterpretations, wreaking havoc. However, organisms are endowed with serine protease inhibitors which might restrain this ubiquitous yet deleterious enzyme. Hence, serine proteases-driven pathogenesis and antagonising role of inhibitors is the focal point of this critical review.
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25
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Polley DJ, Mihara K, Ramachandran R, Vliagoftis H, Renaux B, Saifeddine M, Daines MO, Boitano S, Hollenberg MD. Cockroach allergen serine proteinases: Isolation, sequencing and signalling via proteinase-activated receptor-2. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:946-960. [PMID: 28317204 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a significant asthma risk factor for inner-city communities. Cockroach, like other allergens, contains trypsin-like enzyme activity that contributes to allergenicity and airway inflammation by activating proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). To date, the enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity of German cockroach allergen have not been characterized. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify, isolate and characterize the trypsin-like proteinases in German cockroach allergen extracts used for clinical skin tests. For each enzyme, we sought to determine (1) its substrate and inhibitor enzyme kinetics (Km and IC50), (2) its amino acid sequence and (3) its ability to activate calcium signalling and/or ERK1/2 phosphorylation via PAR2. METHODS Using a trypsin-specific activity-based probe, we detected three distinct enzymes that were isolated using ion-exchange chromatography. Each enzyme was sequenced by mass spectometery (deconvoluted with an expressed sequence tag library), evaluated kinetically for its substrate/inhibitor profile and assessed for its ability to activate PAR2 signalling. FINDINGS Each of the three serine proteinase activity-based probe-labelled enzymes isolated was biochemically distinct, with different enzyme kinetic profiles and primary amino acid sequences. The three enzymes showed a 57%-71% sequence identity with a proteinase previously cloned from the American cockroach (Per a 10). Each enzyme was found to activate both Ca++ and MAPK signalling via PAR2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We have identified three different serine proteinases from the German cockroach that may, via PAR2 activation, play different roles for allergen sensitization in vivo and may represent attractive therapeutic targets for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Polley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Mihara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Renaux
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M O Daines
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Boitano
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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26
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The dangerous liaison between pollens and pollution in respiratory allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:269-275. [PMID: 28143681 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To recapitulate the more recent epidemiologic studies on the association of air pollution with respiratory allergic diseases prevalence and to discuss the main limitations of current approaches used to establish a link between pollinosis and pollution. DATA SOURCES Through the use of PubMed, we conducted a broad literature review in the following areas: epidemiology of respiratory allergic diseases, effect of pollution and climate changes on pollen grains, and immunomodulatory properties of pollen substances. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies on short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as gaseous and particulate materials, on allergic sensitization, and on exacerbation of asthma symptoms were considered. RESULTS Trend in respiratory allergic disease prevalence has increased worldwide during the last 3 decades. Although recent epidemiologic studies on a possible association of this phenomenon with increasing pollution are controversial, botanic studies suggest a clear effect of several pollutants combined to climatic changes on the increased expression of allergenic proteins in several pollen grains. The current literature suggests the need for considering both pollen allergen and pollutant contents for epidemiologic evaluation of environmental determinants in respiratory allergies. We propose that a measure of allergenic potential of pollens, indicative of the increase in allergenicity of a polluted pollen, may be considered as a new risk indicator for respiratory health in urban areas. CONCLUSION Because public greens are located in strict proximity to the anthropogenic sources of pollution, the identification of novel more reliable parameters for risk assessment in respiratory allergic diseases is an essential need for public health management and primary prevention area.
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27
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Ramachandran R, Altier C, Oikonomopoulou K, Hollenberg MD. Proteinases, Their Extracellular Targets, and Inflammatory Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:1110-1142. [PMID: 27677721 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that over 2% of the human genome codes for proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, it is not surprising that proteinases serve many physiologic-pathophysiological roles. In this context, we provide an overview of proteolytic mechanisms regulating inflammation, with a focus on cell signaling stimulated by the generation of inflammatory peptides; activation of the proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), with a mechanism in common with adhesion-triggered GPCRs (ADGRs); and by proteolytic ion channel regulation. These mechanisms are considered in the much wider context that proteolytic mechanisms serve, including the processing of growth factors and their receptors, the regulation of matrix-integrin signaling, and the generation and release of membrane-tethered receptor ligands. These signaling mechanisms are relevant for inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases as well as for cancer. We propose that the inflammation-triggering proteinases and their proteolytically generated substrates represent attractive therapeutic targets and we discuss appropriate targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithwik Ramachandran
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Christophe Altier
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
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28
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Javaux C, Stordeur P, Azarkan M, Mascart F, Baeyens-Volant D. Isolation of a thiol-dependent serine protease in peanut and investigation of its role in the complement and the allergic reaction. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Nakano Y, Kidani Y, Goto K, Furue S, Tomita Y, Inagaki N, Tanaka H, Shichijo M. Role of Prostaglandin D2 and DP1 Receptor on Japanese Cedar Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:258-63. [PMID: 26945086 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although we previously demonstrated the contribution of the DP1receptor in nasal obstruction using animals sensitized with ovalbumin in the presence of adjuvant, the contribution of the DP1receptor in sneezing is unclear. Here, we developed a mouse model of Japanese cedar (JC:Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis to evaluate the symptoms of sneezing. To achieve this, we used JC pollen crude extract in the absence of adjuvant to sensitize mice to develop a model closer to the pathophysiology of human JC pollinosis. The immunologic and pharmacologic features of this model are highly similar to those observed in JC pollinosis in humans. Using this model, we found that DP1receptor antagonists suppressed JC pollen extract-induced sneezing and that a DP1receptor agonist induced sneezing. Moreover, JC pollen extract-induced sneezing was diminished in DP1receptor knockout mice. In conclusion, we developed a novel mouse model of allergic rhinitis that closely mimics human JC pollinosis. A strong contribution of DP1receptor signaling to sneezing was demonstrated using this model, suggesting that DP1receptor antagonists could suppress sneezing and nasal obstruction, and therefore these agents could be a new therapeutic option for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakano
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Yujiro Kidani
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Kumiko Goto
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Shingo Furue
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Naoki Inagaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
| | - Michitaka Shichijo
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu (Y.N., N.I., H.T.), Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka (Y.N., Y.K., K.G., S.F., Y.T., M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu (N.I., H.T.), Japan
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Kamijo S, Nunomura S, Ra C, Kanaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Takai T. Innate basophil IL-4 responses against allergens, endotoxin, and cytokines require the Fc receptor γ-chain. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1613-1615.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Groeme R, Airouche S, Kopečný D, Jaekel J, Savko M, Berjont N, Bussieres L, Le Mignon M, Jagic F, Zieglmayer P, Baron-Bodo V, Bordas-Le Floch V, Mascarell L, Briozzo P, Moingeon P. Structural and Functional Characterization of the Major Allergen Amb a 11 from Short Ragweed Pollen. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13076-87. [PMID: 27129273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy to the short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen is a major health problem. The ragweed allergen repertoire has been recently expanded with the identification of Amb a 11, a new major allergen belonging to the cysteine protease family. To better characterize Amb a 11, a recombinant proform of the molecule with a preserved active site was produced in Escherichia coli, refolded, and processed in vitro into a mature enzyme. The enzymatic activity is revealed by maturation following an autocatalytic processing resulting in the cleavage of both N- and C-terminal propeptides. The 2.05-Å resolution crystal structure of pro-Amb a 11 shows an overall typical C1A cysteine protease fold with a network of molecular interactions between the N-terminal propeptide and the catalytic triad of the enzyme. The allergenicity of Amb a 11 was confirmed in a murine sensitization model, resulting in airway inflammation, production of serum IgEs, and induction of Th2 immune responses. Of note, inflammatory responses were higher with the mature form, demonstrating that the cysteine protease activity critically contributes to the allergenicity of the molecule. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that Amb a 11 is a bona fide cysteine protease exhibiting a strong allergenicity. As such, it should be considered as an important molecule for diagnosis and immunotherapy of ragweed pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Groeme
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Sabi Airouche
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | - David Kopečný
- the Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Judith Jaekel
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Martin Savko
- the SOLEIL Synchrotron, PROXIMA 2A, Saint Aubin-BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Berjont
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | | | - Maxime Le Mignon
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Franck Jagic
- the Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Route de St-Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France, and
| | - Petra Zieglmayer
- the Vienna Challenge Chamber, Allergy Center Vienna West, A-1150 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Laurent Mascarell
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- the Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Route de St-Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France, and
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- From Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France,
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32
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Seasonal proteome changes of nasal mucus reflect perennial inflammatory response and reduced defence mechanisms and plasticity in allergic rhinitis. J Proteomics 2016; 133:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Protease inhibitor reduces airway response and underlying inflammation in cockroach allergen-induced murine model. Inflammation 2015; 38:672-82. [PMID: 25052477 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protease(s) enhances airway inflammation and allergic cascade. In the present study, effect of a serine protease inhibitor was evaluated in mouse model of airway disease. Mice were sensitized with cockroach extract (CE) or Per a 10 and treated with 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) 1 h before or after challenge to measure airway response. Mice were euthanized to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, and lung to evaluate inflammation. AEBSF treatment significantly reduced the AHR in allergen-challenged mice in dose-dependent manner (p≤ 0.01). IgE (p≤0.05) and Th2 cytokines (p≤0.05) were significantly reduced in treated mice. AEBSF treatment lowered total cell (p≤0.05), eosinophil (p≤0.05), and neutrophil (p≤0.05) in BALF and lung tissue. Oxidative stress parameters were impaired on treatment in allergen-challenged mice (p≤0.05). AEBSF had therapeutic effect in allergen-induced airway resistance and underling inflammation and had potential for combination or as add-on therapy for respiratory diseases.
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Fujimura T, Kawamoto S. Spectrum of allergens for Japanese cedar pollinosis and impact of component-resolved diagnosis on allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergol Int 2015; 64:312-20. [PMID: 26433527 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis in Japan is associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, as well as significant loss of productivity among the workforce in early spring, thus representing a serious social problem. Furthermore, the prevalence is increasing, and has risen by more than 10% in this decade. Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 were identified as the major allergens in Japanese cedar pollen (JCP), and in 2004, the existence of other major and minor allergens were revealed by a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis. Allergenome analysis identified a chitinase, a lipid transfer protein, a serine protease, and an aspartic protease as novel IgE-reactive allergens in patients with JCP allergy. Thaumatin-like protein (Cry j 3) was shown to be homologous to Jun a 3, a major allergen from mountain cedar pollen. Isoflavone reductase-like protein was also characterized in a study of a JCP cDNA library. The characterization of component allergens is required to clarify the sensitizer or cross-reactive elicitor allergens for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD). Increasing evidence from numerous clinical trials indicates that CRD can be used to design effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the eight characterized JCP allergens and discuss the impact of CRD and characterization of novel allergens on allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Cryptomeria/adverse effects
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Japan
- Pollen/immunology
- Precision Medicine
- Prevalence
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimura
- RIKEN-TORII Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Bizikova P, Pucheu-Haston CM, Eisenschenk MNC, Marsella R, Nuttall T, Santoro D. Review: Role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:95-e26. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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Ihler F, Canis M. Ragweed-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: current and emerging treatment options. J Asthma Allergy 2015; 8:15-24. [PMID: 25733916 PMCID: PMC4337734 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s47789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) is an annually flowering plant whose pollen bears high allergenic potential. Ragweed-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has long been seen as a major immunologic condition in Northern America with high exposure and sensitization rates in the general population. The invasive occurrence of ragweed (A. artemisiifolia) poses an increasing challenge to public health in Europe and Asia as well. Possible explanations for its worldwide spread are climate change and urbanization, as well as pollen transport over long distances by globalized traffic and winds. Due to the increasing disease burden worldwide, and to the lack of a current and comprehensive overview, this study aims to review the current and emerging treatment options for ragweed-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Sound clinical evidence is present for the symptomatic treatment of ragweed-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with oral third-generation H1-antihistamines and leukotriene antagonists. The topical application of glucocorticoids has also been efficient in randomized controlled clinical trials. Combined approaches employing multiple agents are common. The mainstay of causal treatment to date, especially in Northern America, is subcutaneous immunotherapy with the focus on the major allergen, Amb a 1. Beyond this, growing evidence from several geographical regions documents the benefit of sublingual immunotherapy. Future treatment options promise more specific symptomatic treatment and fewer side effects during causal therapy. Novel antihistamines for symptomatic treatment are aimed at the histamine H3-receptor. New adjuvants with toll-like receptor 4 activity or the application of the monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, omalizumab, are supposed to enhance conventional immunotherapy. An approach targeting toll-like receptor 9 by synthetic cytosine phosphate–guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides promises a new treatment paradigm that aims to modulate the immune response, but it has yet to be proven in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ihler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Matsushita K, Yoshimoto T. B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling is essential for IgE responses in lungs exposed to pollen allergens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5791-800. [PMID: 25367117 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific IgE is linked to asthma pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms of IgE production in response to allergen exposure are poorly understood. In this article, we show that B cell-intrinsic MyD88 is essential for IgE/IgG1 production evoked by ragweed pollen instilled into lungs. MyD88-deficient mice showed defective IgE/IgG1 production and germinal center responses to lung instillation of ragweed pollen. However, MyD88 was dispensable for dendritic cell activation and Th2 cell development. B cell-specific deletion of MyD88 replicated the defective Ab production observed in MyD88-deficient mice. Although ragweed pollen contains TLR ligands, TLR2/4/9-deficient mice developed normal allergic responses to ragweed pollen. However, anti-IL-1R1 Ab-treated mice and IL-18-deficient mice showed decreased IgE/IgG1 production with normal Th2 development. Furthermore, B cell-specific MyD88-deficient mice showed reduced IgE/IgG1 production in response to lung instillation of OVA together with IL-1α, IL-1β, or IL-18. Thus, pollen instillation into lungs induces IL-1α/β and IL-18 production, which activates B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling to promote germinal center responses and IgE/IgG1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Matsushita
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; and
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; and Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Gaurav R, Agrawal DK. Clinical view on the importance of dendritic cells in asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:899-919. [PMID: 24128155 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.837260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may lead to airway remodeling in uncontrolled cases. Genetic predisposition to an atopic phenotype plays a major component in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, with tremendous role of epigenetic factors and environmental stimuli in precipitating an immune response, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated. Dendritic cells are principal antigen-presenting cells and initiators of the immune response in allergic asthma. Their phenotype, guided by multiple factors may dictate the immune reaction to an allergic or tolerogenic response. Involvement of the local cytokine milieu, microbiome and interplay between immune cells add dimension to the fate of immune response. In addition to allergen exposure, these factors modulate DC phenotype and function. In this article, integration of many factors and pathways associated with the recruitment and activation of DCs in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma is presented in a clinical and translational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Iida H, Takai T, Hirasawa Y, Kamijo S, Shimura S, Ochi H, Nishioka I, Maruyama N, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Ikeda S. Epicutaneous administration of papain induces IgE and IgG responses in a cysteine protease activity-dependent manner. Allergol Int 2014; 63:219-26. [PMID: 24662805 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-oa-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicutaneous sensitization to allergens is important in the pathogenesis of not only skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis but also "atopic march" in allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergies. We here examined antibody production and skin barrier dysfunction in mice epicutaneously administered papain, a plant-derived occupational allergen belonging to the same family of cysteine proteases as mite major group 1 allergens. METHODS Papain and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease were patched on the backs of hairless mice. Transepidermal water loss was measured to evaluate the skin barrier dysfunction caused by the proteases. Papain or that treated with an irreversible inhibitor specific to cysteine proteases, E64, was painted onto the ear lobes of mice of an inbred strain C57BL/6. Serum total IgE levels and papain-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Papain and V8 protease patched on the backs of hairless mice caused skin barrier dysfunction and increased serum total IgE levels, and papain induced the production of papain-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. Papain painted onto the ear lobes of C57BL/6 mice induced papain-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2c, and IgG2b, whereas papain treated with E64 did not. IgG1 was the most significantly induced papain-specific IgG subclass among those measured. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the epicutaneous administration of protease not only disrupted skin barrier function, but also induced IgE and IgG responses in a manner dependent on its protease activity. These results suggest that protease activity contained in environmental sources contributes to sensitization through an epicutaneous route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Iida
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takai
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kamijo
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shimura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirono Ochi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishioka
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Maruyama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Gender Equality Promotion Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ribeiro H, Duque L, Sousa R, Cruz A, Gomes C, da Silva JE, Abreu I. Changes in the IgE-reacting protein profiles of Acer negundo, Platanus x acerifolia and Quercus robur pollen in response to ozone treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 24:515-27. [PMID: 24382092 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.865716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of O3 in protein content and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding profiles of Acer negundo, Platanus x acerifolia and Quercus robur pollen. Pollen was exposed to O3 in an environmental chamber, at half, equal and four times the limit value for the human health protection in Europe. Pollen total soluble protein was determined with Coomassie Protein Assay Reagent, and the antigenic and allergenic properties were investigated by SDS-PAGE and immunological techniques using patients' sera. O3 exposure affected total soluble protein content and some protein species within the SDS-PAGE protein profiles. Most of the sera revealed increased IgE reactivity to proteins of A. negundo and Q. robur pollen exposed to the pollutant compared with the non-exposed one, while the opposite was observed in P. x acerifolia pollen. So, the modifications seem to be species dependent, but do not necessarily imply that increase allergenicity would occur in atopic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- a Geology Centre of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Nasal mucus proteomic changes reflect altered immune responses and epithelial permeability in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:741-50. [PMID: 24290289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal mucus is the first-line defense barrier against (aero-) allergens. However, its proteome and function have not been clearly investigated. OBJECTIVE The role of nasal mucus in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis was investigated by analyzing its proteome in patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 29) and healthy control subjects (n = 29). METHODS Nasal mucus was collected with a suction device, tryptically digested, and analyzed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified by searching the SwissProt database and annotated by collecting gene ontology data from databases and existing literature. Gene enrichment analysis was performed by using Cytoscape/BINGO software tools. Proteins were quantified with spectral counting, and selected proteins were confirmed by means of Western blotting. RESULTS In total, 267 proteins were identified, with 20 (7.5%) found exclusively in patients with allergic rhinitis and 25 (9.5%) found exclusively in healthy control subjects. Five proteins were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with allergic rhinitis (apolipoprotein A-2 [APOA2], 9.7-fold; α2-macroglobulin [A2M], 4.5-fold; apolipoprotein A-1 [APOA1], 3.2-fold; α1-antitrypsin [SERPINA1], 2.5-fold; and complement C3 [C3], 2.3-fold) and 5 were found to be downregulated (antileukoproteinase [SLPI], 0.6-fold; WAP 4-disulfide core domain protein [WFDC2], 0.5-fold; haptoglobin [HP], 0.7-fold; IgJ chain [IGJ], 0.7-fold; and Ig hc V-III region BRO, 0.8-fold) compared with levels seen in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION The allergic rhinitis mucus proteome shows an enhanced immune response in which apolipoproteins might play an important role. Furthermore, an imbalance between cysteine proteases and antiproteases could be seen, which negatively affects epithelial integrity on exposure to pollen protease activity. This reflects the important role of mucus as the first-line defense barrier against allergens.
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Jo EJ, Kim MY, Lee SE, Lee SY, Kim MH, Song WJ, Kim SH, Kang HR, Chang YS, Cho SH, Min KU. Eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness according to aeroallergen sensitization pattern in patients with lower airway symptoms. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 6:39-46. [PMID: 24404392 PMCID: PMC3881399 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sensitization to specific allergens may be important in the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We evaluated the effect of specific aeroallergen sensitization on eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR. Methods We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of subjects who underwent skin prick tests to aeroallergens, induced sputum analysis, and methacholine bronchial provocation tests to evaluate lower airway symptoms as well as analyzed the associations between the pattern of aeroallergen sensitization and sputum eosinophilia or AHR. Results Of the 1,202 subjects be enrolled, 534 (44.4%) were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen in skin tests. AHR was demonstrated in 23.5% and sputum eosinophilia in 38.8%. Sputum eosinophilia was significantly associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), house dust mite (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3), dog (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3), and cat (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.4). AHR was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.0-3.7), house dust mite (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6 3.2), Alternaria (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7), and cat (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3). Sensitization to more perennial allergens increased the risk for sputum eosinophilia and AHR. There was no relationship with individual seasonal allergens. Conclusion The development of airway eosinophilic inflammation and AHR in an adult Korean population was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens rather than seasonal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Up Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Dimerization of TCTP and its clinical implications for allergy. Biochimie 2013; 95:659-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Golebski K, Röschmann KIL, Toppila-Salmi S, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Renkonen R, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. The multi-faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa. Allergy 2013; 68:152-60. [PMID: 23240614 DOI: 10.1111/all.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first to encounter aeroallergens and therefore have recently become an interesting target of many studies investigating their involvement in the modulation of allergic inflammatory responses. Disruption of a passive structural barrier composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allergen penetration into local tissues and additionally affect chronic and ongoing inflammatory processes in respiratory tissues. Furthermore, the ability of rhinoviruses to disrupt and interfere with epithelial tight junctions may alter the barrier integrity and enable a passive passage of inhaled allergens through the airway epithelium. On the other hand, epithelial cells are no longer considered to act only as a physical barrier toward inhaled allergens, but also to actively contribute to airway inflammation by detecting and responding to environmental factors. Epithelial cells can produce mediators, which may affect the recruitment and activation of more specialized immune cells to the local tissue and also create a microenvironment in which these activated immune cells may function and propagate the inflammatory processes. This review presents the dual role of epithelium acting as a passive and active barrier when encountering an inhaled allergen and how this double role contributes to the start of local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Golebski
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - K. I. L. Röschmann
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital & Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | | | | | - R. Renkonen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUSLAB; Helsinki; Finland
| | - W. J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - C. M. van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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Ibrahim ARN, Kawamoto S, Mizuno K, Shimada Y, Rikimaru S, Onishi N, Hashimoto K, Aki T, Hayashi T, Ono K. Molecular cloning and immunochemical characterization of a new Japanese cedar pollen allergen homologous to plant subtilisin-like serine protease. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 3:262-5. [PMID: 23282945 PMCID: PMC3651113 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e318201d81d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease activities in allergen sources are thought to be involved in triggering allergic inflammation through the disruption of epithelial barrier or the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Protease allergens may also work as type 2 helper T cell (TH2) adjuvants through the cleavage of cell surface receptors. Here, we report molecular cloning and immunochemical characterization of a new Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen (CPA9) homologous to serine protease, which is initially found as a high IgE-binding spot on our two-dimensional (2-D) IgE immunoblotting map. The cpa9 cDNA encoded a 757 amino acid polypeptide showing a significant sequence identity with plant subtilisin-like serine protease family members including melon major allergen Cuc m 1. We found that native CPA9 purified from C. japonica pollen showed a high IgE-binding frequency and IgE cross-reactivity with melon extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragaa Nour Ibrahim
- From the 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; 2JST Innovation Plaza Hiroshima, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; 3Nishikawa Rubber Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan; 4Takanobashi Central Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Morales M, Iraola V, Leonor JR, Carnés J. Enzymatic activity of allergenic house dust and storage mite extracts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:147-154. [PMID: 23427664 DOI: 10.1603/me12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are involved in the pathogenicity of allergy, increasing epithelial permeability and acting as adjuvants. Enzymatic activity is therefore important for the allergenicity of an extract and also affects its stability and safety. However, the enzymatic activity of extracts is not usually evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of the most allergenic mite extracts and to investigate their allergenic properties. Extracts from nine allergenic mite species (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, Euroglyphus maynei, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), Glycyphagus domesticus (DeGeer), Acarus siro L., Chortoglyphus arcuatus, and Blomia tropicalis) were characterized. Protein and allergen profiles were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western-blot, respectively. Gelatinolytic activity was evaluated with a zymogram and the activity of other enzymes (cysteine, serine proteases, and esterases) was evaluated individually or with the API-ZYM system. The main differences in protease activity were found between house dust mites and storage mites. House dust mites presented higher cysteine protease activity while storage mites presented higher serine protease activity. These differences are in line with their trophic specialization. A wide range of different activities was found in all the extracts analyzed, reflecting the fact that the extracts preserve the activity of many enzymes, this being necessary for a correct diagnosis. However, enzymes may act as adjuvants and, therefore, could lead to undesirable effects in immunotherapies, making this activity not suitable for treatment products. Modified extracts with lower enzymatic activity could be more appropriate for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morales
- Research & Development, Laboratorios LETI, S.L., Calle del Sol no 5, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Speranza A, Scoccianti V. New insights into an old story: pollen ROS also play a role in hay fever. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:994-998. [PMID: 22827950 PMCID: PMC3474702 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can exhibit negative and benign traits. In plants, ROS levels increase markedly during periods of environmental stress, and defense against pathogen attack. ROS form naturally as a by-product of normal oxygen metabolism, and evenly play an essential role in cell growth. The short ROS lifespan makes them ideal molecules to act in cell signaling, a role they share in both plants and animals. A particular plant organism, the pollen grain, may closely interact with human mucosa and an allergic inflammatory response often results. Pollen grain ROS represent a first, crucial signal which primes and magnifies a cascade of events in the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Speranza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Baeyens-Volant D, M'Rabet N, El Mahyaoui R, Wattiez R, Azarkan M. A contaminant trypsin-like activity from the timothy grass pollen is responsible for the conflicting enzymatic behavior of the major allergen Phl p 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:272-83. [PMID: 22750468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We intend to solve whether or not Phl p 1 can be regarded as a protease. A group reported that Phl p 1 has papain-like properties and later on, that this allergen resembles cathepsin B, while another one demonstrated that Phl p 1 lacks proteinase activity and suggested that the measured activity may rise either from a recombinant Phl p 1 contaminant or as a result of an incompletely purified natural allergen. A third group reported Phl p 1 to act by a non-proteolytic activity mechanism. We report the purification of the natural Phl p 1 by means of hydrophobic interaction, gel filtration and STI-Sepharose affinity chromatographies. The Phl p 1 purity was assessed by silver-stained SDS-PAGE and by 'in-gel' and 'gel-free' approaches associated to mass spectrometry analyses. The proteolytic activity was measured using Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC and Z-Phe-Arg-AMC as substrates. While amidolytic activity could be measured with Phl p 1 after rechromatography on gel filtration, it however completely disappeared after chromatography on STI-Sepharose. The contaminant activity co-eluting with Phl p 1 was not affected by cysteine proteases inhibitors and other thiol-blocking agents, by metalloproteases inhibitors and by aspartic proteases inhibitors. However, it was completely inhibited by low molecular weight and proteinaceous serine proteases inhibitors. TLCK, but not TPCK, inhibited the contaminant activity, showing a trypsin-like behavior. The pH and temperature optimum were 8.0 and 37°C, respectively. These data indicated that Phl p 1 is not a protease. The contaminant trypsin-like activity should be considered when Phl p 1 allergenicity is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Baeyens-Volant
- University of Brussels, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808, route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Role of Allergen Source-Derived Proteases in Sensitization via Airway Epithelial Cells. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:903659. [PMID: 22523502 PMCID: PMC3303585 DOI: 10.1155/2012/903659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease activity is a characteristic common to many allergens. Allergen source-derived proteases interact with lung epithelial cells, which are now thought to play vital roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Allergen source-derived proteases act on airway epithelial cells to induce disruption of the tight junctions between epithelial cells, activation of protease-activated receptor-2, and the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These facilitate allergen delivery across epithelial layers and enhance allergenicity or directly activate the immune system through a nonallergic mechanism. Furthermore, they cleave regulatory cell surface molecules involved in allergic reactions. Thus, allergen source-derived proteases are a potentially critical factor in the development of allergic sensitization and appear to be strongly associated with heightened allergenicity.
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Vinhas R, Cortes L, Cardoso I, Mendes VM, Manadas B, Todo-Bom A, Pires E, Veríssimo P. Pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides. Allergy 2011; 66:1088-98. [PMID: 21480927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disorders, such as seasonal rhinitis and asthma, are increasing causes of morbidity worldwide and often result from exposure to airborne pollen. Pollen allergy has a remarkable clinical impact all over Europe. In fact, epidemiological longitudinal studies confirm that pollen species usually considered with low allergenic potential became more recently responsible for intense allergic reactions. In this study, we aimed to characterize major pollen proteolytic activity and evaluate its contribution to the immunologic and inflammatory response to airborne allergens. METHODS Proteolytic activity in four pollen diffusates with distinct allergenicity, Olea europaea, Dactylis glomerata, Cupressus sempervirens and Pinus sylvestris, was evaluated through several enzymatic assays. The action of pollen proteases on the paracellular integrity of Calu-3, grown at the air-liquid interphase, was evaluated through a transepithelial permeability assay. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to analyse the disruption of intercellular complexes. Degradation of bioactive peptides by pollen crude extracts was assessed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS All pollen diffusates were shown to have high molecular weight proteases with serine and/or aminopeptidase activity. These proteases increased Calu-3 transepithelial permeability through disruption of transmembrane adhesion proteins: occludin, claudin-1 and E-cadherin. Moreover, they were able to degrade airway bioactive peptides and were not blocked by endogenous protease inhibitors. CONCLUSION Pollen grains with distinct allergenic abilities release proteases that might be involved in the sensitization to a range of airborne allergens by facilitating allergen delivery across the epithelium and also contribute directly to the inflammation characteristic of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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