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Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Ren J. Endothelial dysfunction: mechanisms and contribution to diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01295-8. [PMID: 38773228 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, lining the inner surface of blood vessels and spanning approximately 3 m2, serves as the largest organ in the body. Comprised of endothelial cells, the endothelium interacts with other bodily components including the bloodstream, circulating cells, and the lymphatic system. Functionally, the endothelium primarily synchronizes vascular tone (by balancing vasodilation and vasoconstriction) and prevents vascular inflammation and pathologies. Consequently, endothelial dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis, leading to vascular injuries and diseases such as cardiovascular, cerebral, and metabolic diseases. In this opinion/perspective piece, we explore the recently identified mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction across various disease subsets and critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of current therapeutic interventions at the pre-clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Corpeleijn WE, de Waal WJ, Schipper HS, Wiegman A. Dyslipidaemia as a target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention in children with type 1 diabetes: lessons learned from familial hypercholesterolaemia. Diabetologia 2024; 67:19-26. [PMID: 38032368 PMCID: PMC10709243 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has decreased dramatically among individuals affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) as a result of the early initiation of statin treatment in childhood. Contemporaneously important improvements in care for people with diabetes have also been made, such as the prevention of mortality from acute diabetic complications. However, individuals with type 1 diabetes still have a two to eight times higher risk of death than the general population. In the last 20 years, a few landmark studies on excess mortality in people with type 1 diabetes, in particular young adults, have been published. Although these studies were carried out in different populations, all reached the same conclusion: individuals with type 1 diabetes have a pronounced increased risk of ASCVD. In this review, we address the role of lipid abnormalities in the development of ASCVD in type 1 diabetes and FH. Although type 1 diabetes and FH are different diseases, lessons could be learned from the early initiation of statins in children with FH, which may provide a rationale for more stringent control of dyslipidaemia in children with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn E Corpeleijn
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Waal
- Diabetes Centraal, Children's Diabetic Centre, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Wiegman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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4
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Ji X, Yang X, Gu X, Chu L, Sun S, Sun J, Song P, Mu Q, Wang Y, Sun X, Su D, Su T, Hou S, Lu Y, Ma C, Liu M, Zhang T, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wan Q. CUL3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction via MRPL12 ubiquitination in renal tubular epithelial cells. FEBS J 2023; 290:5340-5352. [PMID: 37526061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide and the strongest predictor of mortality in patients with diabetes. Despite its significance, the pathological mechanism underlying the onset and progression of DKD remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have shown that mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) plays a significant role in DKD by modulating mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that MRPL12 was mainly ubiquitinated at K150 in renal tubular epithelial cells. We have found that Cullin3 (CUL3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, directly interacts with MRPL12 and induces the K63-linked ubiquitination of MRPL12, resulting in mitochondrial biosynthesis dysfunction. Moreover, under high-glucose (HG) conditions in renal tubular epithelial cells, we observed up-regulation of CUL3 expression, significant increase in CUL3-mediated ubiquitination of MRPL12 and dysregulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis. Notably, CUL3 knockdown stabilised the MRPL12 protein and protected mitochondrial biosynthesis under HG conditions. Our findings provide novel insight into how CUL3 affects mitochondrial biosynthesis in renal tubular epithelial cells through MRPL12 ubiquitination and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Gu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingju Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dun Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Hou
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Jinan central hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Su Z, Zhao K, Li P, Xu T. Ginkgolide A targets forkhead box O1 to protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiomyopathy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3309-3322. [PMID: 36932920 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgolide A (GA), a main terpenoid extracted from Ginkgo biloba, possesses biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and liver protection. However, the inhibitory effects of GA on septic cardiomyopathy remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of GA in countering sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model, GA alleviated mitochondrial injury and cardiac dysfunction. GA also significantly reduced the production of inflammatory and apoptotic cells, the release of inflammatory indicators, and the expression of oxidative stress-associated and apoptosis-associated markers, but increased the expression of pivotal antioxidant enzymes in hearts from LPS group. These results were consistent with those of in vitro experiments based on H9C2 cells. Database analysis and molecular docking suggested that FoxO1 was targeted by GA, as shown by stable hydrogen bonds formed between GA with SER-39 and ASN-29 of FoxO1. GA reversed LPS-induced downregulation of nucleus FoxO1 and upregulation of p-FoxO1 in H9C2 cells. FoxO1 knockdown abolished the protective properties of GA in vitro. KLF15, TXN2, NOTCH1, and XBP1, as the downstream genes of FoxO1, also exerted protective effects. We concluded that GA could alleviate LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via binding to FoxO1 to attenuate cardiomyocyte inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang X, Evans TD, Chen S, Sergin I, Stitham J, Jeong SJ, Rodriguez-Velez A, Yeh YS, Park A, Jung IH, Diwan A, Schilling JD, Rom O, Yurdagul A, Epelman S, Cho J, Lodhi IJ, Mittendorfer B, Razani B. Loss of Macrophage mTORC2 Drives Atherosclerosis via FoxO1 and IL-1β Signaling. Circ Res 2023; 133:200-219. [PMID: 37350264 PMCID: PMC10527041 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway is a complex signaling cascade that regulates cellular growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Although activation of mTOR signaling has been linked to atherosclerosis, its direct role in lesion progression and in plaque macrophages remains poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) activation promotes atherogenesis through inhibition of autophagy and increased apoptosis in macrophages. METHODS Using macrophage-specific Rictor- and mTOR-deficient mice, we now dissect the distinct functions of mTORC2 pathways in atherogenesis. RESULTS In contrast to the atheroprotective effect seen with blockade of macrophage mTORC1, macrophage-specific mTORC2-deficient mice exhibit an atherogenic phenotype, with larger, more complex lesions and increased cell death. In cultured macrophages, we show that mTORC2 signaling inhibits the FoxO1 (forkhead box protein O1) transcription factor, leading to suppression of proinflammatory pathways, especially the inflammasome/IL (interleukin)-1β response, a key mediator of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In addition, administration of FoxO1 inhibitors efficiently rescued the proinflammatory response caused by mTORC2 deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, collective deletion of macrophage mTOR, which ablates mTORC1- and mTORC2-dependent pathways, leads to minimal change in plaque size or complexity, reflecting the balanced yet opposing roles of these signaling arms. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first mechanistic details of macrophage mTOR signaling in atherosclerosis and suggest that therapeutic measures aimed at modulating mTOR need to account for its dichotomous functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trent D. Evans
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ismail Sergin
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arick Park
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel D. Schilling
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA
| | - Slava Epelman
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irfan J. Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Tsuchiya K. Cardiovascular complications in insulin resistance and endocrine diseases. Endocr J 2023; 70:249-257. [PMID: 36754416 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and cardiovascular disease, are one of the leading causes of death in Japan. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and an important risk factor for these diseases. Among various pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance has already been reported to be an important risk factor for diabetic complications. The major sites of insulin action in glucose metabolism in the body include the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. However, insulin signaling molecules are also constitutively expressed in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and monocytes/macrophages. Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis. FoxOs in vascular endothelial cells strongly promote arteriosclerosis by suppressing nitric oxide production, enhancing inflammatory response, and promoting cellular senescence. In addition, primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome are known to have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, apart from hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In the treatment of endocrine disorders, hormonal normalization by surgical treatment and receptor antagonists play an important role in preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Tsuchiya K. Role of insulin action in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetol Int 2022; 13:591-598. [PMID: 36117926 PMCID: PMC9477992 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the various pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance has long been reported to be a potent risk factor for diabetic complications. The liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue are the major organs of action of insulin in systemic glucose metabolism, but insulin receptors and their downstream insulin signaling molecules are also constitutively expressed in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and monocytes/macrophages. Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors are essential regulators of cellular homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In vascular endothelial cells, FoxOs strongly promote atherosclerosis via suppressing nitric oxide production and enhancing inflammatory responses. In liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, FoxOs induces hepatic insulin resistance by inducing nitration of insulin receptor in hepatocytes. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue limits capacity of lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, which promotes ectopic lipid accumulation and organ dysfunction in liver, vascular, and kidney. Modulation of insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue to induce healthy adipose expansion is expected to be a promising strategy for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898 Japan
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9
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Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137247. [PMID: 35806251 PMCID: PMC9266766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes are more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. Moreover, diabetes and COVID-19 demonstrate a certain parallelism in the mechanisms and organ damage. In this work, we applied bioinformatics analysis of associative molecular networks to identify key molecules and pathophysiological processes that determine SARS-CoV-2-induced disorders in patients with diabetes. Using text-mining-based approaches and ANDSystem as a bioinformatics tool, we reconstructed and matched networks related to hyperglycemia, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction with networks of SARS-CoV-2-targeted proteins. The latter included SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors (ACE2 and DPP4), SARS-CoV-2 entry associated proteases (TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL), and 332 human intracellular proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2. A number of genes/proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2, BRD2, COMT, CTSB, CTSL, DNMT1, DPP4, ERP44, F2RL1, GDF15, GPX1, HDAC2, HMOX1, HYOU1, IDE, LOX, NUTF2, PCNT, PLAT, RAB10, RHOA, SCARB1, and SELENOS) were found in the networks of vascular diabetic complications and insulin resistance. According to the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the defined molecules are involved in the response to hypoxia, reactive oxygen species metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, regulation of angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, and other processes. The results expand the understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes and COVID-19 comorbidity.
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10
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Xu Y, Zhang F, Li C, Hao H, Hao Y. Angiotensin-(1-7) improves diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction in rats by regulating nitric oxide synthase levels. Peptides 2022; 151:170765. [PMID: 35181349 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) and the effect of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang- [1-7]) on NOS levels. A type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was established. Erectile function was assessed by measuring intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure after electrical stimulation. The expression of iNOS, endothelial NOS (eNOS), eNOS phosphorylated at Ser 1177 (p-eNOS [Ser 1177]), and AKT/p-AKT in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The plasma levels of NO, SOD, malondialdehyde, and peroxynitrite were calculated. Intracellular calcium content was determined by flow cytometry. DMED rats exhibited decreased erectile function and severe oxidative stress. Ang-(1-7) treatment improved erectile response and suppressed oxidative stress by upregulating p-eNOS/eNOS and downregulating iNOS levels. Silencing iNOS in CCSMCs decreased oxidative stress and intracellular calcium levels induced by high glucose. In turn, iNOS overexpression increased oxidative stress and intracellular calcium level. Treatment with the MAS receptor antagonist A779 and the Akt antagonist LY294002 reversed the effects of Ang-(1-7) on iNOS. Ang-(1-7) improved DMED through the MAS/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China; First Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huiyao Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongmei Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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11
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Han RH, Huang HM, Han H, Chen H, Zeng F, Xie X, Liu DY, Cai Y, Zhang LQ, Liu X, Xia ZY, Tang J. Propofol postconditioning ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy via upregulating forkhead transcription factors under hyperglycemia. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 34753510 PMCID: PMC8579603 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property, immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion (propofol postconditioning, P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. The FoxO transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection, however, the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown. METHODS Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG) for 48 h (h), then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R, composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol (P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation. After having identified the optical concentration of propofol, H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia. RESULTS The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells, all of which were significantly reversed by propofol (P-PostC), especially at the concentration of 25 µmol/L (P25) (all P < 0.05, NC vs. HG; HG vs. HG + HR; HG + HR + P12.5 or HG + HR + P25 or HG + HR + P50 vs. HG + HR). Moreover, we found that propofol (P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR). The protective effects of propofol (P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-1 or HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-5). CONCLUSION It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - He-Meng Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 518000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dan-Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.
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Vittal Rao H, Bihaqi SW, Iannucci J, Sen A, Grammas P. Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:211-224. [PMID: 33252072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. METHODS Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. RESULTS reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Vittal Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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13
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Mone P, Gambardella J, Pansini A, de Donato A, Martinelli G, Boccalone E, Matarese A, Frullone S, Santulli G. Cognitive Impairment in Frail Hypertensive Elderly Patients: Role of Hyperglycemia. Cells 2021; 10:2115. [PMID: 34440883 PMCID: PMC8391431 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key hallmark of hypertension, which is a leading risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults with or without frailty. Similarly, hyperglycemia is known to impair endothelial function and is a predictor of severe cardiovascular outcomes, independent of the presence of diabetes. On these grounds, we designed a study to assess the effects of high-glucose and metformin on brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and on cognitive impairment in frail hypertensive patients. We tested the effects of metformin on high-glucose-induced cell death, cell permeability, and generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro, in human brain microvascular ECs. To investigate the consequences of hyperglycemia and metformin in the clinical scenario, we recruited frail hypertensive patients and we evaluated their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, comparing them according to the glycemic status (normoglycemic vs. hyperglycemic) and the use of metformin. We enrolled 376 patients, of which 209 successfully completed the study. We observed a significant correlation between MoCA score and glycemia. We found that hyperglycemic patients treated with metformin had a significantly better MoCA score than hyperglycemic patients treated with insulin (18.32 ± 3.9 vs. 14.94 ± 3.8; p < 0.001). Our in vitro assays confirmed the beneficial effects of metformin on human brain microvascular ECs. To our knowledge, this is the first study correlating MoCA score and glycemia in frail and hypertensive older adults, showing that hyperglycemia aggravates cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- ASL Avellino, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.)
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
- International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), University “Federico II” of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio de Donato
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
- International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), University “Federico II” of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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New mechanism-based approaches to treating and evaluating the vasculopathy of scleroderma. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:471-479. [PMID: 34402454 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Utilizing recent insight into the vasculopathy of scleroderma (SSc), the review will highlight new opportunities for evaluating and treating the disease by promoting stabilization and protection of the microvasculature. RECENT FINDINGS Endothelial junctional signaling initiated by vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and Tie2 receptors, which are fundamental to promoting vascular health and stability, are disrupted in SSc. This would be expected to not only diminish their protective activity, but also increase pathological processes that are normally restrained by these signaling mediators, resulting in pathological changes in vascular function and structure. Indeed, key features of SSc vasculopathy, from the earliest signs of edema and puffy fingers to pathological disruption of hemodynamics, nutritional blood flow, capillary structure and angiogenesis are all consistent with this altered endothelial signaling. It also likely contributes to further progression of the disease including tissue fibrosis, and organ and tissue injury. SUMMARY Restoring protective endothelial junctional signaling should combat the vasculopathy of SSc and prevent further deterioration in vascular and organ function. Indeed, this type of targeted approach has achieved remarkable results in preclinical models for other diseases. Furthermore, tracking this endothelial junctional signaling, for example by assessing vascular permeability, should facilitate insight into disease progression and its response to therapy.
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Sissaoui S, Egginton S, Ting L, Ahmed A, Hewett PW. Hyperglycaemia up-regulates placental growth factor (PlGF) expression and secretion in endothelial cells via suppression of PI3 kinase-Akt signalling and activation of FOXO1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16344. [PMID: 34381074 PMCID: PMC8357836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a pro-inflammatory angiogenic mediator that promotes many pathologies including diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Widespread endothelial dysfunction precedes the onset of these conditions. As very little is known of the mechanism(s) controlling PlGF expression in pathology we investigated the role of hyperglycaemia in the regulation of PlGF production in endothelial cells. Hyperglycaemia stimulated PlGF secretion in cultured primary endothelial cells, which was suppressed by IGF-1-mediated PI3K/Akt activation. Inhibition of PI3K activity resulted in significant PlGF mRNA up-regulation and protein secretion. Similarly, loss or inhibition of Akt activity significantly increased basal PlGF expression and prevented any further PlGF secretion in hyperglycaemia. Conversely, constitutive Akt activation blocked PlGF secretion irrespective of upstream PI3K activity demonstrating that Akt is a central regulator of PlGF expression. Knock-down of the Forkhead box O-1 (FOXO1) transcription factor, which is negatively regulated by Akt, suppressed both basal and hyperglycaemia-induced PlGF secretion, whilst FOXO1 gain-of-function up-regulated PlGF in vitro and in vivo. FOXO1 association to a FOXO binding sequence identified in the PlGF promoter also increased in hyperglycaemia. This study identifies the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signalling axis as a key regulator of PlGF expression and unifying pathway by which PlGF may contribute to common disorders characterised by endothelial dysfunction, providing a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sissaoui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Arima Genomics, 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Stuart Egginton
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ling Ting
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asif Ahmed
- MyrZyme Therapeutics Ltd, Faraday Wharf, Innovation Birmingham Campus, Holt Street, Birmingham, B4 4BB, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter W Hewett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Talebi M, Kopustinskiene DM, Samarghandian S, Bernatoniene J. An Overview of NO Signaling Pathways in Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154533. [PMID: 34361685 PMCID: PMC8348219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms and pathways under normal and pathological conditions. NO production, its effects, and its efficacy, are extremely sensitive to aging-related changes in the cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms of NO signaling in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), reproduction system, as well as its effects on skin, kidneys, thyroid, muscles, and on the immune system during aging. The aging-related decline in NO levels and bioavailability is also discussed in this review. The decreased NO production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was revealed in the aged cardiovascular system. In the CNS, the decline of the neuronal (n)NOS production of NO was related to the impairment of memory, sleep, and cognition. NO played an important role in the aging of oocytes and aged-induced erectile dysfunction. Aging downregulated NO signaling pathways in endothelial cells resulting in skin, kidney, thyroid, and muscle disorders. Putative therapeutic agents (natural/synthetic) affecting NO signaling mechanisms in the aging process are discussed in the present study. In summary, all of the studies reviewed demonstrate that NO plays a crucial role in the cellular aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
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Skowerski T, Nabrdalik K, Kwiendacz H, Pajak M, Ochała A, Mizia-Stec K, Gąsior Z, Gumprecht J. FOXO1 and ANGPT2 relative gene expression in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction among patients with or without type 2 diabetes. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2021; 17:187-192. [PMID: 34400921 PMCID: PMC8356828 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2021.107498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that chronic hyperglycemia or chronic inflammation leads to both FOXO1 and Ang-2 gene (ANGPT2) expression induction in endothelial cells. ANGPT2 and FOXO1 relative gene expression in peripheral blood cells in diabetes and myocardial ischemia were not researched extensively. AIM Our objective was to evaluate ANGPT2 and FOXO1 gene expression in peripheral blood cells in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and compare them to the results obtained from T2DM and control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a multi-center, prospective study of 138 NSTEMI patients with/without T2DM, T2DM and a control group. FOXO1, ANGPT2, TBP (TATA box binding protein - as a reference gene) gene expression levels in peripheral blood cells were measured in each patient. Electrocardiography and echocardiography with assessment of ejection fraction (EF) were performed. Patients with NSTEMI underwent urgent (< 24 h) coronarography and the SYNTAX score and GRACE 2.0 score were calculated. RESULTS The ANGPT2 gene relative expression in buffy coat in the analyzed samples was very low and detectable only in 11 patients from all groups (8.66% of all patients). The level of FOXO1 gene relative expression was significantly higher in patients with NSTEMI (median relative expression = 1.39) than in non-NSTEMI patients (median = 1.09) (W = 1578, p < 0.05) regardless of the presence of T2DM. The FOXO1 gene relative expression was not correlated with GRACE 2.0 score or SYNTAX score of NSTEMI patients. We did not observe any significant change in FOXO1 gene expression after successful angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our results we can conclude that analyzing the ANGPT2 gene relative expression in peripheral blood cells has no role in assessment of CAD complexity among patients with and without T2DM. FOXO1 gene relative expression in blood peripheral cells is elevated in patients with NSTEMI regardless of the presence of T2DM. FOXO1 expression does not decrease after successful percutaneous coronary intervention and is not correlated with the severity of CAD in patients with NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skowerski
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Hanna Kwiendacz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Pajak
- Roslin Institute, Midlothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrzej Ochała
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mizia-Stec
- First Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gąsior
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Rong Y, Ren J, Song W, Xiang R, Ge Y, Lu W, Fu T. Resveratrol Suppresses Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Microcirculation Disturbance through Targeting SIRT1-FOXO1 Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8891544. [PMID: 33628394 PMCID: PMC7886523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8891544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol (RSV), one of the SIRT1 agonists, has the ability of alleviating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP); however, the concrete protective mechanism remains unknown. It is noteworthy that microcirculation disturbance plays a vital role in SAP, and the SIRT1/FOX1 axis can regulate microcirculation. Therefore, this study is aimed at ascertaining what is the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of RSV on SAP, and whether it is associated with alleviating microcirculation disturbance by regulating the SIRT1/FOX1 axis. METHOD The model of SAP was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurodeoxycholate into the bile duct of the rats. The pancreatic wet/dry weight, ET/NO, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratios; microcirculatory function; and SIRT1 activity were examined. ELISA was used to examine the serum level of lipase, amylase, hemorheology, ET, NO, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α and the content of SIRT1, VEGF, Ang I, and Ang II in the pancreas. RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA level of VEGF, Ang I, and Ang II. Western blotting was used to detect SIRT1, FOXO1, and acetyl-FOXO1. Immunoprecipitation was used to examine the interaction of SIRT1 and FOXO1. RESULTS Resveratrol can significantly decrease the expression of lipase, amylase, acetyl-FOXO1, VEGF, Ang II, ET, NO, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α and the ratio of wet/dry weight, ET/NO, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α by improving microcirculatory dysfunction and blood viscosity in SAP. Moreover, resveratrol can also promote the interaction of SIRT1 and FOXO1 and increase SIRT1 activity and the expression of SIRT1 and Ang I. The SIRT1 inhibitor, Sirtinol (EX527), obliviously reversed the effects of RSV on SAP. CONCLUSION Resveratrol can protect rats against SAP, and its protective mechanism is associated with suppressing microcirculation disturbance through activating SIRT1-FOXO1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Rong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Renshen Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Yuhang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430060
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Samadi M, Aziz SGG, Naderi R. The effect of tropisetron on oxidative stress, SIRT1, FOXO3a, and claudin-1 in the renal tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:217-227. [PMID: 33047279 PMCID: PMC7736377 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropisetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that exerts protective effect against DN. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms associated with the renoprotective effects of tropisetron in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Animals were subdivided into 5 equal groups; control, tropisetron, diabetes, tropisetron + diabetes, and glibenclamide + diabetes (n = 7). For induction of type 1 diabetes, a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the animals. Diabetic rats were treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. According to the conducted analysis, diabetes led to renal dysfunction (reduction in glomerular filtration rate and urine urea and creatinine as well as elevation in plasma urea and creatinine) and abnormalities in antioxidant defense system (reduction in TAC and elevation in MDA), compared with the control group, which was prevented by tropisetron treatment. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis demonstrated that SIRT1 gene expression decreased while FOXO3a and NF-κB gene expression as well as phosphorylated FOXO3a/total FOXO3a protein ratios and claudin-1 protein level increased in the kidney of diabetic rats compared with the control group. Herein, the results of this research showed that tropisetron treatment reversed these changes. Besides, all these changes were comparable with those produced by glibenclamide as a positive control. Hence, tropisetron ameliorated renal damage due to diabetic nephropathy possibly by suppressing oxidative stress and alteration of SIRT1, FOXO3a, and claudin-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Samadi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Liu J, Yi X, Tao Y, Wang Y, Xu Z. Insulin‑receptor substrate 1 protects against injury in endothelial cell models of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting ER stress/oxidative stress‑mediated apoptosis and activating the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1671-1682. [PMID: 33000267 PMCID: PMC7521546 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL)‑induced endothelial cell (EC) injury is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of insulin‑receptor substrate 1 (IRS‑1) on injury to ox‑LDL‑exposed ECs. For this purpose, thoracic aorta tissues were isolated from rats and cultured to obtain ECs, which were then identified using immunohistochemical staining. IRS‑1 overexpression plasmid (pcDNA3.1‑IRS‑1) and IRS‑1‑small interfering RNA were synthesized and transfected into ECs pre‑exposed to ox‑LDL. MTT and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate the cell proliferative activity and apoptosis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by a flow cytometry assay. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was conducted to measure the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma co‑activator 1 alpha (Ppargcla), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and glucose‑6‑phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc) gene transcription levels. Western blot analysis was then performed to determine the IRS‑1, forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), phosphorylated (p‑)FoxO1, 78‑kDa glucose‑regulated protein (GRP78), p‑eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (eIF2α), CHOP, Akt and p‑Akt expression levels. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate p‑FoxO1 nuclear localization. The results indicated that IRS‑1 significantly enhanced the proliferative activity, whereas it inhibited the apoptosis of ECs in a model of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis compared with ECs without IRS‑1 treatment (P<0.05). IRS‑1 significantly decreased the p‑FoxO1/FoxO1 ratio compared with ECs without ox‑LDL treatment (P<0.05). IRS‑1 significantly downregulated the expression of ER stress biomarkers, including GRP78, CHOP and the p‑eIF2α/eIF2α ratio in ox‑LDL‑exposed ECs compared with ECs without ISR‑1 treatment (P<0.05). IRS‑1 significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels in the EC models of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis compared with ECs without IRS‑1 treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, IRS‑1 promoted the phosphorylation of Akt in the EC models of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis. IRS‑1 also significantly suppressed the transcription of atherosclerosis‑associated genes in ox‑LDL‑exposed ECs compared with ECs without IRS‑1 treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, IRS‑1 significantly increased the cytoplasmic localization of p‑FoxO1 in EC models of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that IRS‑1 exerts protective effects in an EC model of ox‑LDL‑induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting ER stress/oxidative stress‑mediated apoptosis and activating the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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A Protein/Lipid Preload Attenuates Glucose-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Individuals with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072053. [PMID: 32664350 PMCID: PMC7400934 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia interferes with vascular reactivity and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease. Macronutrient preloads reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the effect on endothelial function is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether a protein/lipid preload can attenuate postprandial endothelial dysfunction by lowering plasma glucose responses in subjects with IGT/T2D. Endothelial function was assessed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) at fasting, 60 min and 120 min during two 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) preceded by either water or a macronutrient preload (i.e., egg and parmesan cheese) in 22 volunteers with IGT/T2D. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, free fatty acids, and amino acids were measured through each test. RHI negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose. During the control OGTT, RHI decreased by 9% and its deterioration was associated with the rise in plasma glucose. The macronutrient preload attenuated the decline in RHI and markedly reduced postprandial glycemia. The beneficial effect of the macronutrient preload on RHI was proportional to the improvement in glucose tolerance and was associated with the increase in plasma GLP-1 and arginine levels. In conclusion, a protein/lipid macronutrient preload attenuates glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in individuals with IGT/T2D by lowering plasma glucose excursions and by increasing GLP-1 and arginine levels, which are known regulators of the nitric oxide vasodilator system.
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Oduro PK, Fang J, Niu L, Li Y, Li L, Zhao X, Wang Q. Pharmacological management of vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: TCM and western medicine compared based on biomarkers and biochemical parameters. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104893. [PMID: 32434053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a worldwide health concern while burdening significant populace of countries with time due to a hefty increase in both incidence and prevalence rates. Hyperglycemia has been buttressed both in clinical and experimental studies to modulate widespread molecular actions that effect macro and microvascular dysfunctions. Endothelial dysfunction, activation, inflammation, and endothelial barrier leakage are key factors contributing to vascular complications in diabetes, plus the development of diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. The recent increase in molecular, transcriptional, and clinical studies has brought a new scope to the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, an attempt made to discuss up to date critical and emerging molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and viable pharmacological management targets. Importantly, we exploit some Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM)/TCM isolated bioactive compounds modulating effects on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, clinical studies data on biomarkers and biochemical parameters involved in the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes was compared between clinically used western hypoglycemic drugs and TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jingmei Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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23
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Peng X, Ge J, Wang C, Sun H, Ma Q, Xu Y, Ma Y. Longitudinal Average Glucose Levels and Variance and Risk of Stroke: A Chinese Cohort Study. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:8953058. [PMID: 32373352 PMCID: PMC7191433 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8953058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a known independent risk factor for stroke. However, whether higher glucose levels (126-139.9 mg/dl) can increase the risk of stroke in people without diabetes is still unknown. Moreover, as a fluctuating parameter, long-term glucose levels may also be related to the risk of stroke outcome. It is important to explore the correlation between long-term average blood glucose, as well as its variability, and stroke. METHODS We used 40,975 clinical measurements of glucose levels and 367 measurements of glycated hemoglobin A1c levels from 12,321 participants without stroke to examine the relationship between glucose levels and the risk of stroke. Participants were from the Weitang Geriatric Diseases study, including 5,707 men and 6,614 women whose mean age at baseline was 60.8 years; 1,011 participants had diabetes, and 11,310 did not. We estimated the long-term average blood glucose level based on the multilevel Bayesian model and fit in Cox regression models, stratified according to diabetes status. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 5 years, stroke developed in 279 of the 12,321 participants (244 without diabetes and 35 with). For people with an average glucose level of 126-139.9 mg per deciliter, compared with 90-99.9 mg per deciliter, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for total stroke was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-2.75), and the HR for levels higher than 140 mg per deciliter was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.09-3.29). Among those without diabetes whose glucose level was higher than 140 mg per deciliter, compared with 90-99.9 mg per deciliter, the adjusted HRs for total stroke and fatal stroke were 3.66 (95% CI, 1.47-9.08) and 5 (95% CI, 1.77-14.15), respectively. For a glucose standard deviation level higher than 13.83 mg per deciliter, compared with that lower than 5.91 mg per deciliter, the adjusted HR for total stroke was 2.31 (95% CI, 1.19-4.48). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher average glucose levels (126-139.9 mg/dl) and variance may be risk factors for stroke, even among people without diabetes diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Peng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ge
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Congju Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Suzhou High-Tech Zone, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongpeng Sun
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Advanced Glycation End Products: Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Complications under Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9570616. [PMID: 31885827 PMCID: PMC6925928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9570616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications are predominantly responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress under hyperglycemia is currently considered the initial link to diabetic cardiovascular complications and a key node for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-related fatal cardiovascular events. Numerous studies have indicated that the common upstream pathway in the context of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system under diabetic conditions is the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptors (RAGEs). Therefore, a further understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and AGEs is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent research advances in diabetes with an emphasis on oxidative stress and its association with AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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25
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Zhang L, Yuan M, Zhang L, Wu B, Sun X. Adiponectin alleviates NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting FoxO4 in arteriosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Liu X, Cao K, Lv W, Feng Z, Liu J, Gao J, Li H, Zang W, Liu J. Punicalagin attenuates endothelial dysfunction by activating FoxO1, a pivotal regulating switch of mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:251-260. [PMID: 30878647 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has elucidated that hyperlipidemia is closely associated with an increasing prevalence of CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) because of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of PU (Punicalagin), a major ellagitannin in pomegranate, on endothelial dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, PU significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia-induced accumulation of serum triglyceride and cholesterol as well as endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction of thoracic aorta. Intriguingly, the FoxO1 (forkhead box O1) pathway was activated, which may account for prevention of vascular dysfunction and mitochondrial loss via upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis. In line, through in vitro cell cultures, our study demonstrated that PU not only increased the total FoxO1 protein, but also enhanced its nuclear translocation. In addition, silencing of FoxO1 remarkably abolished the ability of PU to augment the mitochondrial biogenesis, eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) expression, and oxidative stress, implying the irreplaceable role of FoxO1 in regulating endothelial function in the presence of PU. Conversely, suppression of excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) secured the PA (palmitate)-induced decrease of FoxO1 expression, implying that there was a cross-talk between FoxO1 pathway and ROS. Concomitantly, the inflammatory response in current study was primarily mediated via p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway besides of FoxO1 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that PU ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by activating FoxO1 pathway, a pivotal regulating switch of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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27
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Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Vakili H, Salmani TA. Promoter methylation and functional variants in arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and forkhead box protein O1 genes associated with coronary artery disease. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12360-12368. [PMID: 30825235 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, which is the most common form of heart disease. This is one of the main causes of death in the United States. Inflammation is one of the key drivers of atherosclerotic plaque development. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1s) family and 5-lipoxygenase make an important contribution to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation pattern and polymorphism analysis of FOXO1 and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) promoter genes. We studied 50 patients with CAD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls by high resolution melt technique. Overall, we found significant differences between patients and controls in terms of the promoter methylation of ALOX5 (P > 0.05). But there was no significant difference in FOXO1 promoter methylation between patient and controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping of rs12762303 and rs2297627, in ALOX5 and FOXO1 genes were demonstrated a significant correlation between mutant allele and the risk of CAD, respectively. Furthermore, there were significant associations between CT + CC genotype and ALOX5 expression. Our findings demonstrated functional effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA methylation in ALOX5 on mentioned genes expression and they resulted in CAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vakili
- Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyeb Ali Salmani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Resanovic I, Gluvic Z, Zaric B, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Jovanovic A, Milacic D, Isakovic R, Isenovic ER. Early Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity/Expression in Lymphocytes of Type 1 Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:2328505. [PMID: 30755771 PMCID: PMC6348926 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2328505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the early effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity/expression in lymphocytes of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. A group of 19 patients (mean age: 63 ± 2.1) with T1DM and with the peripheral arterial disease were included in this study. Patients were exposed to 10 sessions of HBOT in the duration of 1 h to 100% oxygen inhalation at 2.4 ATA. Blood samples were collected for the plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma free fatty acid (FFA), serum nitrite/nitrate, and serum arginase activity measurements. Expression of iNOS and phosphorylation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-p65), extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and protein kinase B (Akt) were examined in lymphocyte lysates by Western blot. After exposure to HBOT, plasma CRP and FFA were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Protein expression of iNOS and serum nitrite/nitrate levels were decreased (p < 0.01), while serum arginase activity was increased (p < 0.05) versus before exposure to HBOT. Increased phosphorylation of NFκB-p65 at Ser536 (p < 0.05) and decreased level of NFκB-p65 protein (p < 0.001) in lymphocytes of T1DM patients were observed after HBOT. Decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p < 0.05) and Akt (p < 0.05) was detected after HBOT. Our results indicate that exposure to HBO decreased iNOS activity/expression via decreasing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt followed by decreased activity of NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Resanovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozidarka Zaric
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jovanovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davorka Milacic
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmilo Isakovic
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
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29
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Rudnicki M, Abdifarkosh G, Nwadozi E, Ramos SV, Makki A, Sepa-Kishi DM, Ceddia RB, Perry CG, Roudier E, Haas TL. Endothelial-specific FoxO1 depletion prevents obesity-related disorders by increasing vascular metabolism and growth. eLife 2018; 7:39780. [PMID: 30511639 PMCID: PMC6279348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms restricting angiogenesis within this context remain ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate that induced endothelial-specific depletion of the transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) in male mice led to increased vascular density in adipose tissue. Upon high-fat diet feeding, endothelial cell FoxO1-deficient mice exhibited even greater vascular remodeling in the visceral adipose depot, which was paralleled with a healthier adipose tissue expansion, higher glucose tolerance and lower fasting glycemia concomitant with enhanced lactate levels. Mechanistically, FoxO1 depletion increased endothelial proliferative and glycolytic capacities by upregulating the expression of glycolytic markers, which may account for the improvements at the tissue level ultimately impacting whole-body glucose metabolism. Altogether, these findings reveal the pivotal role of FoxO1 in controlling endothelial metabolic and angiogenic adaptations in response to high-fat diet and a contribution of the endothelium to whole-body energy homeostasis. In the body, thread-like blood vessels called capillaries weave their way through our tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients to every cell. When a tissue becomes bigger, existing vessels remodel to create new capillaries that can reach far away cells. However, in obesity, this process does not happen the way it should: when fat tissues expand, new blood vessels do not always grow to match. The starved fat cells can start to dysfunction, which causes a range of issues, from inflammation and scarring of the tissues to problems with how the body processes sugar and even diabetes. Yet, it is still unclear why exactly new capillaries fail to form in obesity. What we know is that a protein called FoxO (short for Forkhead box O) is present in the cells that line the inside of blood vessels, and that it can stop the development of new capillaries. FoxO controls how cells spend their energy, and it can force them to go into a resting state. During obesity, the levels of FoxO actually increase in capillary cells. Therefore, it may be possible that FoxO prevents new blood vessels from growing in the fat tissues of obese individuals. To find out, Rudnicki et al. created mice that lack the FoxO protein in the cells lining the capillaries, and then fed the animals a high-fat diet. These mutant mice had more blood vessels in their fat tissue, and their fat cells looked healthier. They also stored less fat than normal mice on the same diet, and their blood sugar levels were normal. This was because the FoxO-deprived cells inside capillaries were burning more energy, which they may have obtained by pulling sugar from the blood. These results show that targeting the cells that line capillaries helps new blood vessels to grow, and that this could mitigate the health problems that arise with obesity, such as high levels of sugar (diabetes) and fat in the blood. However, more work is needed to confirm that the same cellular processes can be targeted to obtain positive health outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudnicki
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ghoncheh Abdifarkosh
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Armin Makki
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diane M Sepa-Kishi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Gr Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Puthanveetil P. FoxO1-miRNA interacting networks as potential targets for mitochondrial diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:342-349. [PMID: 30367995 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is important for the health and well-being of organ systems and organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be the cause and consequence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular disease. For cardiovascular tissue, which relies mostly on oxidative phosphorylation, the role of mitochondria is inevitable. Rather than being biomarkers of mitochondrial health, miRNAs are now known as bioregulators of this important feature. Recent studies have shown a close interaction between Forkhead box other 1 (FoxO1) transcription factors and miRNAs in the cardiovascular system. These interactions have also been shown to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. In this review, I highlight how understanding FoxO1 and miRNA interacting networks could enable us to limit mitochondrial dysfunction and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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31
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Sawada N, Arany Z. Metabolic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Diabetes and Aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:290-307. [PMID: 28615313 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction are hallmarks of diabetes and aging. Clinical efforts at promoting angiogenesis have largely focused on growth factor pathways, with mixed results. Recently, a new repertoire of endothelial intracellular molecules critical to endothelial metabolism has emerged as playing an important role in regulating angiogenesis. This review thus focuses on the emerging importance and therapeutic potential of these proteins and of endothelial bioenergetics in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sawada
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Zolt Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hwangbo C, Wu J, Papangeli I, Adachi T, Sharma B, Park S, Zhao L, Ju H, Go GW, Cui G, Inayathullah M, Job JK, Rajadas J, Kwei SL, Li MO, Morrison AR, Quertermous T, Mani A, Red-Horse K, Chun HJ. Endothelial APLNR regulates tissue fatty acid uptake and is essential for apelin's glucose-lowering effects. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/407/eaad4000. [PMID: 28904225 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to pose an important clinical challenge, with most existing therapies lacking demonstrable ability to improve cardiovascular outcomes. The atheroprotective peptide apelin (APLN) enhances glucose utilization and improves insulin sensitivity. However, the mechanism of these effects remains poorly defined. We demonstrate that the expression of APLNR (APJ/AGTRL1), the only known receptor for apelin, is predominantly restricted to the endothelial cells (ECs) of multiple adult metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Conditional endothelial-specific deletion of Aplnr (AplnrECKO ) resulted in markedly impaired glucose utilization and abrogation of apelin-induced glucose lowering. Furthermore, we identified inactivation of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and inhibition of endothelial expression of fatty acid (FA) binding protein 4 (FABP4) as key downstream signaling targets of apelin/APLNR signaling. Both the Apln-/- and AplnrECKO mice demonstrated increased endothelial FABP4 expression and excess tissue FA accumulation, whereas concurrent endothelial Foxo1 deletion or pharmacologic FABP4 inhibition rescued the excess FA accumulation phenotype of the Apln-/- mice. The impaired glucose utilization in the AplnrECKO mice was associated with excess FA accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Treatment of these mice with an FABP4 inhibitor abrogated these metabolic phenotypes. These findings provide mechanistic insights that could greatly expand the therapeutic repertoire for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hwangbo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Irinna Papangeli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Takaomi Adachi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Saejeong Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lina Zhao
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hyekyung Ju
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Gwang-Woong Go
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Judith K Job
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Stephanie L Kwei
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan R Morrison
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hyung J Chun
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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The Contribution of Singlet Oxygen to Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8765972. [PMID: 29081894 PMCID: PMC5610878 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8765972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance contributes to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Recent studies showed that elevated singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation precedes and predicts diet-induced insulin resistance (IR), and neutrophils were suggested to be responsible for such singlet oxygen production. This review highlights literature suggesting that insulin-responsive cells such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes also produce singlet oxygen, which contributes to insulin resistance, for example, by generating bioactive aldehydes, inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and modifying mitochondrial DNA. In these cells, nutrient overload leads to the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and other receptors, leading to the production of both peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, which react to produce singlet oxygen. Cytochrome P450 2E1 and cytochrome c also contribute to singlet oxygen formation in the ER and mitochondria, respectively. Endothelial cell-derived singlet oxygen is suggested to mediate the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein which perpetuates IR, partly through neutrophil recruitment to adipose tissue. New singlet oxygen-involving pathways for the formation of IR-inducing bioactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroperoxy-(or hydroxy or oxo)-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and cholesterol secosterol A are proposed. Strategies against IR should target the singlet oxygen-producing pathways, singlet oxygen quenching, and singlet oxygen-induced cellular responses.
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Luo Y, Meng X, Zhou P, Lu S, Qin M, Xu X, Sun G, Sun X. Elatoside C protects against ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury by FoxO1-mediated autophagy induction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1654-1665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tsuchiya K, Ogawa Y. Forkhead box class O family member proteins: The biology and pathophysiological roles in diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 8:726-734. [PMID: 28267275 PMCID: PMC5668485 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors are essential regulators of cellular homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Altered FoxO1 expression and activity have been associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and complications of diabetes. In the liver, they direct carbons to glucose or lipid utilization, thus providing a unifying mechanism for the two abnormalities of the diabetic liver: excessive glucose production, and increased lipid synthesis and secretion. In the pancreas, FoxO1 is necessary to maintain β-cell differentiation, and could be promising targets for β-cell regeneration. In endothelial cells, FoxOs strongly promote atherosclerosis through suppressing nitric oxide production and enhancing inflammatory responses. In the present review, we summarize the basic biology and pathophysiological significance of FoxOs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang G, Wu Y, Ye S. MiR-181c restrains nitration stress of endothelial cells in diabetic db/db mice through inhibiting the expression of FoxO1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:29-35. [PMID: 28223216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction played an important role in the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). miR-181c has been implicated in many diseases, including DM. However, the molecular mechanisms of miR-181c regulate this process remained poorly understood. Healthy ICR mice were divided into control group (n = 10) and db/db DM group (n = 10). The expression of miR-181c and FoxO1 were both investigated in diabetic db/db mice or high glucose-induced endothelial cells (MAECs and END-D). Here we found that down-regulation of miR-181c and the activation of FoxO1/iNOS were observed in mice and endothelial cells. Furthermore, we verified that miR-181c directly targeted and inhibited FoxO1 gene expression by targeting its 3'-UTR through luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of FoxO1 reversed the up-regulation of iNOS, nitrotyrosine and the down-regulation of p-eNOSSer1177/eNOS in high glucose (30 mM)-induced MAECs cells. In addition, over-expression of miR-181c could reverse the enhanced nitration stress induced by high glucose, while this effect could be attenuated by pcDNA-FoxO1 in MAECs. These results shown that miR-181c attenuated nitration stress through regulating FoxO1 expression and affecting endothelial cell function, which offering a new target for the development of preventive or therapeutic agents against DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yuanbo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P. Integration of superoxide formation and cristae morphology for mitochondrial redox signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:31-50. [PMID: 27640755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network provides the central cell's energetic and regulatory unit, which besides ATP and metabolite production participates in cellular signaling through regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and various protein/ion fluxes. The inner membrane forms extensive folds, called cristae, i.e. cavities enfolded from and situated perpendicularly to its inner boundary membrane portion, which encompasses an inner cylinder within the outer membrane tubule. Mitochondrial cristae ultramorphology reflects various metabolic, physiological or pathological states. Since the mitochondrion is typically a predominant superoxide source and generated ROS also serve for the creation of information redox signals, we review known relationships between ROS generation within the respiratory chain complexes of cristae and cristae morphology. Notably, it is emphasized that cristae shape is governed by ATP-synthase dimers, MICOS complexes, OPA1 isoforms and the umbrella of their regulation, and also dependent on local protonmotive force (electrical potential component) in cristae. Cristae are also affected by redox-sensitive kinases/phosphatases or p66SHC. ATP-synthase dimers decrease in the inflated intracristal space, diminishing pH and hypothetically having minimal superoxide formation. Matrix-released signaling superoxide/H2O2 is predominantly integrated along mitochondrial tubules, whereas the diffusion of intracristal signaling ROS species is controlled by crista junctions, the widening of which enables specific retrograde redox signaling such as during hypoxic cell adaptation. Other physiological cases of H2O2 release from the mitochondrion include the modulation of insulin release in pancreatic β-cells, enhancement of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, signaling by T-cell receptors, retrograde signaling during the cell cycle and cell differentiation, specifically that of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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CYP2J2 Overexpression Increases EETs and Protects Against HFD-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:491-502. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Nwadozi E, Roudier E, Rullman E, Tharmalingam S, Liu HY, Gustafsson T, Haas TL. Endothelial FoxO proteins impair insulin sensitivity and restrain muscle angiogenesis in response to a high-fat diet. FASEB J 2016; 30:3039-52. [PMID: 27235148 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600245r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction contributes to disease severity in type 2 diabetes. Recent studies indicate a role for Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors in modulating endothelial cell phenotype. We hypothesized that a high-fat (HF) diet generates a dysfunctional vascular niche through an increased expression of endothelial FoxO. FoxO1 protein increased (+130%) in the skeletal muscle capillaries from HF compared to normal chow-fed mice. FoxO1 protein was significantly elevated in cultured endothelial cells exposed to the saturated fatty acid palmitate or the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In HF-fed mice, endothelium-directed depletion of FoxO1/3/4 (FoxO(Δ)) improved insulin sensitivity (+110%) compared to that of the controls (FoxO(L/L)). The number of skeletal muscle capillaries increased significantly in the HF-FoxO(Δ) mice. Transcript profiling of skeletal muscle identified significant increases in genes associated with angiogenesis and lipid metabolism in HF-FoxO(Δ) vs. HF-FoxO(L/L) mice. HF-FoxO(Δ) muscle also was characterized by a decrease in inflammation-related genes and an enriched M2 macrophage signature. We conclude that endothelial FoxO proteins promote insulin resistance in HF diet, which may in part result from FoxO proteins establishing an antiangiogenic and proinflammatory microenvironment within skeletal muscle. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the development of microvascular dysfunction in the progression of type 2 diabetes.-Nwadozi, E., Roudier, E., Rullman, E., Tharmalingam, S., Liu, H.-Y., Gustafsson, T., Haas, T. L. Endothelial FoxO proteins impair insulin sensitivity and restrain muscle angiogenesis in response to a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nwadozi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cardiology and
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yi Liu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara L Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada;
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ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3565127. [PMID: 27247702 PMCID: PMC4877482 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3565127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging process worsens the human body functions at multiple levels, thus causing its gradual decrease to resist stress, damage, and disease. Besides changes in gene expression and metabolic control, the aging rate has been associated with the production of high levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or Reactive Nitrosative Species (RNS). Specific increases of ROS level have been demonstrated as potentially critical for induction and maintenance of cell senescence process. Causal connection between ROS, aging, age-related pathologies, and cell senescence is studied intensely. Senescent cells have been proposed as a target for interventions to delay the aging and its related diseases or to improve the diseases treatment. Therapeutic interventions towards senescent cells might allow restoring the health and curing the diseases that share basal processes, rather than curing each disease in separate and symptomatic way. Here, we review observations on ROS ability of inducing cell senescence through novel mechanisms that underpin aging processes. Particular emphasis is addressed to the novel mechanisms of ROS involvement in epigenetic regulation of cell senescence and aging, with the aim to individuate specific pathways, which might promote healthy lifespan and improve aging.
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Zhang F, Xie D, Liang M, Xiong M. Functional Regression Models for Epistasis Analysis of Multiple Quantitative Traits. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005965. [PMID: 27104857 PMCID: PMC4841563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, most genetic analyses of phenotypes have focused on analyzing single traits or analyzing each phenotype independently. However, joint epistasis analysis of multiple complementary traits will increase statistical power and improve our understanding of the complicated genetic structure of the complex diseases. Despite their importance in uncovering the genetic structure of complex traits, the statistical methods for identifying epistasis in multiple phenotypes remains fundamentally unexplored. To fill this gap, we formulate a test for interaction between two genes in multiple quantitative trait analysis as a multiple functional regression (MFRG) in which the genotype functions (genetic variant profiles) are defined as a function of the genomic position of the genetic variants. We use large-scale simulations to calculate Type I error rates for testing interaction between two genes with multiple phenotypes and to compare the power with multivariate pairwise interaction analysis and single trait interaction analysis by a single variate functional regression model. To further evaluate performance, the MFRG for epistasis analysis is applied to five phenotypes of exome sequence data from the NHLBI’s Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) to detect pleiotropic epistasis. A total of 267 pairs of genes that formed a genetic interaction network showed significant evidence of epistasis influencing five traits. The results demonstrate that the joint interaction analysis of multiple phenotypes has a much higher power to detect interaction than the interaction analysis of a single trait and may open a new direction to fully uncovering the genetic structure of multiple phenotypes. The widely used statistical methods test interaction for single phenotype. However, we often observe pleotropic genetic interaction effects. The simultaneous gene-gene (GxG) interaction analysis of multiple complementary traits will increase statistical power to detect GxG interactions. Although GxG interactions play an important role in uncovering the genetic structure of complex traits, the statistical methods for detecting GxG interactions in multiple phenotypes remains less developed owing to its potential complexity. Therefore, we extend functional regression model from single variate to multivariate for simultaneous GxG interaction analysis of multiple correlated phenotypes. Large-scale simulations are conducted to evaluate Type I error rates for testing interaction between two genes with multiple phenotypes and to compare power with traditional multivariate pair-wise interaction analysis and single trait interaction analysis by a single variate functional regression model. To further evaluate performance, the MFRG for interaction analysis is applied to five phenotypes of exome sequence data from the NHLBI’s Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) to detect pleiotropic GxG interactions. 267 pairs of genes that formed a genetic interaction network showed significant evidence of interactions influencing five traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Internet of Things, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Meimei Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Posttranslational modulation of FoxO1 contributes to cardiac remodeling in post-ischemic heart failure. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:148-56. [PMID: 27105158 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) plays a key role in energy homeostasis, stress response and autophagy and is dysregulated in diabetes and ischemia. We investigated cardiac FoxO1 expression and posttranstranslational modifications after myocardial infarction (MI) and further tested if active posttranstranslational modulation of FoxO1 can alter cardiac remodeling in postischemic heart failure. METHODS Non-diabetic and diabetic C57BL/6 mice were subjected to MI by ligation of left anterior descending artery. In selected experiments we combined this model with intramyocardial injection of adenovirus expressing different isoforms of FoxO1. We used Millar catheter, histology, Western blot and metabolomics for further analyses. RESULTS We show that after MI total cardiac FoxO1 is downregulated and partly recovers after 7 days. This downregulation is accompanied by fundamental posttranslational modifications of FoxO1, particularly acetylation. Adenovirus experiments revealed smaller infarction size and improved heart function in mice expressing a constitutively deacetylated variant of FoxO1 compared to a wild type variant of FoxO1 in both non-diabetic (MI size: -13.4 ± 3.5%; LVDP: +29.1 ± 9.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) and diabetic mice (MI size: -17.6 ± 3.7%; LVDP: +10.9 ± 3.6 mmHg; p < 0.05). Metabolomics analyses showed alterations in metabolites connected to muscle breakdown, collagen/elastin and energy metabolism between the two groups. CONCLUSION First, our results demonstrate that myocardial ischemia is associated with downregulation and posttranslational modification of cardiac FoxO1. Second, we show in a mouse model of postischemic heart failure that posttranslational modulation of FoxO1 alters heart function involving collagen and protein metabolism. Therefore, posttranslational modifications of FoxO1 could be an option to target remodeling processes in postischemic heart failure.
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Forkhead box transcription factor 1: role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:44. [PMID: 26956801 PMCID: PMC4784400 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disorder of the heart muscle in people with diabetes that can occur independent of hypertension or vascular disease. The underlying mechanism of DCM is incompletely understood. Some transcription factors have been suggested to regulate the gene program intricate in the pathogenesis of diabetes prompted cardiac injury. Forkhead box transcription factor 1 is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in a variety of physiological processes. Altered FOXO1 expression and function have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and the important role of FOXO1 in DCM has begun to attract attention. In this review, we focus on the FOXO1 pathway and its role in various processes that have been related to DCM, such as metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Recurrent hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia in neonatal rats increases PARP-1 and NF-κB expression and leads to microglial activation in the cerebral cortex. Pediatr Res 2015. [PMID: 26200703 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is a common metabolic problem in extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants. Neonatal hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality and brain injury. Glucose-mediated oxidative injury may be responsible. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair and cell survival. However, PARP-1 overactivation leads to cell death. NF-κB is coactivated with PARP-1 and regulates microglial activation. The effects of recurrent hyperglycemia on PARP-1/NF-κB expression and microglial activation are not well understood. METHODS Rat pups were subjected to recurrent hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia of 2 h duration twice daily from postnatal (P) day 3-P12 and killed on P13. mRNA and protein expression of PARP-1/NF-κB and their downstream effectors were determined in the cerebral cortex. Microgliosis was determined using CD11 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Recurrent hyperglycemia increased PARP-1 expression confined to the nucleus and without causing PARP-1 overactivation and cell death. NF-κB mRNA expression was increased, while IκB mRNA expression was decreased. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA expressions were decreased. Hyperglycemia significantly increased the number of microglia. CONCLUSION Recurrent hyperglycemia in neonatal rats is associated with upregulation of PARP-1 and NF-κB expression and subsequent microgliosis but not neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex.
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Menghini R, Casagrande V, Cardellini M, Ballanti M, Davato F, Cardolini I, Stoehr R, Fabrizi M, Morelli M, Anemona L, Bernges I, Schwedhelm E, Ippoliti A, Mauriello A, Böger RH, Federici M. FoxO1 regulates asymmetric dimethylarginine via downregulation of dimethylaminohydrolase 1 in human endothelial cells and subjects with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Klotz LO, Sánchez-Ramos C, Prieto-Arroyo I, Urbánek P, Steinbrenner H, Monsalve M. Redox regulation of FoxO transcription factors. Redox Biol 2015; 6:51-72. [PMID: 26184557 PMCID: PMC4511623 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the forkhead box, class O (FoxO) family are important regulators of the cellular stress response and promote the cellular antioxidant defense. On one hand, FoxOs stimulate the transcription of genes coding for antioxidant proteins located in different subcellular compartments, such as in mitochondria (i.e. superoxide dismutase-2, peroxiredoxins 3 and 5) and peroxisomes (catalase), as well as for antioxidant proteins found extracellularly in plasma (e.g., selenoprotein P and ceruloplasmin). On the other hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as other stressful stimuli that elicit the formation of ROS, may modulate FoxO activity at multiple levels, including posttranslational modifications of FoxOs (such as phosphorylation and acetylation), interaction with coregulators, alterations in FoxO subcellular localization, protein synthesis and stability. Moreover, transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of the expression of genes coding for FoxOs is sensitive to ROS. Here, we review these aspects of FoxO biology focusing on redox regulation of FoxO signaling, and with emphasis on the interplay between ROS and FoxOs under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Of particular interest are the dual role played by FoxOs in cancer development and their key role in whole body nutrient homeostasis, modulating metabolic adaptations and/or disturbances in response to low vs. high nutrient intake. Examples discussed here include calorie restriction and starvation as well as adipogenesis, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Prieto-Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Karki S, Farb MG, Ngo DTM, Myers S, Puri V, Hamburg NM, Carmine B, Hess DT, Gokce N. Forkhead box O-1 modulation improves endothelial insulin resistance in human obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1498-506. [PMID: 25908760 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased visceral adiposity has been closely linked to insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiometabolic disease in obesity, but pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to investigate mechanisms of vascular insulin resistance by characterizing depot-specific insulin responses and gain evidence that altered functionality of transcription factor forkhead box O-1 (FOXO-1) may play an important role in obesity-related endothelial dysfunction. APPROACH AND RESULTS We intraoperatively collected paired subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples from 56 severely obese (body mass index, 43 ± 7 kg/m(2)) and 14 nonobese subjects during planned surgical operations, and characterized depot-specific insulin-mediated responses using Western blot and quantitative immunofluorescence techniques. Insulin signaling via phosphorylation of FOXO-1 and consequent endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulation was selectively impaired in the visceral compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue and endothelial cells of obese subjects. In contrast, tissue actions of insulin were preserved in nonobese individuals. Pharmacological antagonism with AS1842856 and biological silencing using small interfering RNA-mediated FOXO-1 knockdown reversed insulin resistance and restored endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in the obese. CONCLUSIONS We observed profound endothelial insulin resistance in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans which improved with FOXO-1 inhibition. FOXO-1 modulation may represent a novel therapeutic target to diminish vascular insulin resistance. In addition, characterization of endothelial insulin resistance in the adipose microenvironment may provide clues to mechanisms of systemic disease in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakun Karki
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Melissa G Farb
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Samantha Myers
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Brian Carmine
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Donald T Hess
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- From the Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.K., M.G.F., D.T.M.N., S.M., V.P., N.M.H., N.G.) and Department of General Surgery (B.C., D.T.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
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Adela R, Nethi SK, Bagul PK, Barui AK, Mattapally S, Kuncha M, Patra CR, Reddy PNC, Banerjee SK. Hyperglycaemia enhances nitric oxide production in diabetes: a study from South Indian patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125270. [PMID: 25894234 PMCID: PMC4403926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that increased glucose levels were associated with higher serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats. However, the relationship between hyperglycemia and serum NO level was not clear. Therefore, the present study was designed to find the association between hyperglycemia and serum NO levels in Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and T2DM with cardiovascular complication. METHODS Endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with of D-glucose (10-100mM), and NO levels and NOS gene expression was measured. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and serum NO levels were measured after 8 weeks. For clinical evaluation, five groups of patients were recruited: Control (CT, n=48), Type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n=26), T2DM with hypertension (DMHT, n=46), Coronary artery diseases (CAD, n=29) and T2DM with coronary artery diseases (DMCD, n=38). NO (nitrite + nitrate) levels were measured from human serum. RESULTS We found a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent increase in NO levels in HUVEC cells after 4 hours of high glucose exposure. eNOS and iNOS gene expression was increased in HUVEC cells after different concentrations and time periods of glucose treatment. We also observed significant (149.1 ± 25 μM, p<0.01) increase in serum NO levels in hyperglycaemic rats compared to control (76.6 ± 13.2 μM). Serum NO level was significantly higher in T2DM (111.8 μM (81.7-122.4), p<0.001) and DMCD patients ((129.4 μM (121.2-143.5), p <0.001) but not in CAD patients (76.4 μM (70.5-87)), as compared to control (68.2 μM (56.4-82.3)). We found significantly lower NO levels (83.5 μM (60.5-122.9)) in subjects suffering from diabetes since more than 5 years, compared to subjects (115.3 μM (75.2-127.1), p<0.001) with less than 5 years. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high NO levels were observed in South Indian diabetic patients. Higher glucose levels in serum might be responsible for activation of endothelial cells to enhance NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Adela
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pankaj K. Bagul
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ayan K. Barui
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Saidulu Mattapally
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Madhusudan Kuncha
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Chitta R. Patra
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | | | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
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