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Saenz C, Lavin KM, Lee EC, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Bamman MM, Broderick TJ, Volek JS. Muscle transcriptome profiles in elite male ultra-endurance athletes acclimated to a high-carbohydrate versus low-carbohydrate diet. Sci Rep 2025; 15:8419. [PMID: 40069235 PMCID: PMC11897176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets enhance lipid metabolism and decrease reliance on glucose oxidation in athletes, but the associated gene expression patterns remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether coordinated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle may be revealed by differential expression of genes driven by dietary profile, exercise, and/or their interaction. We investigated the skeletal muscle transcriptome in elite ultra-endurance athletes habitually (~ 20 months) consuming a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC, n = 10, 33 ± 6y, VO2max = 63.4 ± 6.2 mL O2•kg-1•min-1) or low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LC, n = 10, 34 ± 7y, VO2max = 64.7 ± 3.7 mL O2•kg-1•min-1) diet. Skeletal muscle gene expression was measured at baseline (BL), immediately-post (H0), and 2 h (H2) after 3 h submaximal treadmill running. Diet induced a coordinated but divergent expression pattern at BL where LC had higher expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. Exercise resulted in a dynamic but uniform gene response, with no major differences between groups (H0). At H2, gene expression patterns were associated with differential pathway activity, including inflammation/immunity, suggesting a diet-specific influence on early muscle recovery. These results indicate that low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets lead to differences in resting and exercise-induced skeletal muscle gene expression patterns, underlying our previous findings of differential fuel utilization in elite ultra-endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Saenz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Exercise Science Program A048 PAES Building 305 Annie & John Glenn Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | | | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Yang JM, Han IS, Chen TH, Hsieh PS, Tsai MC, Chien HC. Pharmacological activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate protects against obesity-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176854. [PMID: 39059568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced muscle atrophy leads to physical impairment and metabolic dysfunction, which are risky for older adults. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a critical regulator of glucose metabolism, is reduced in obesity. Additionally, PDH activator dichloroacetate (DCA) improves metabolic dysfunction. However, the effects of PDH activation on skeletal muscles in obesity remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of PDH activation by DCA treatment on obesity-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Results showed that PDH activation by DCA treatment ameliorated muscle loss, decreased the cross-sectional area, and reduced grip strength in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Elevation of muscle atrophic factors atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) and autophagy factors LC3BII and p62 were abrogated by DCA treatment in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes and in the skeletal muscles of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, p-Akt, p-FoxO1, and p-FoxO3 protein levels were reduced and p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein levels were elevated in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes, which were restored by DCA treatment. However, the protective effects of DCA treatment against myotube atrophy were reversed by treatment with Akt inhibitor MK2206. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PDH activation by DCA treatment can alleviate obesity-induced muscle atrophy. It may serve as a basis for developing novel strategies to prevent obesity-associated muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mou Yang
- Department of Emergency, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shan Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chien
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Carl CS, Jensen MM, Sjøberg KA, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Hill IR, Kjøbsted R, Greenhaff PL, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. Pharmacological Activation of PDC Flux Reverses Lipid-Induced Inhibition of Insulin Action in Muscle During Recovery From Exercise. Diabetes 2024; 73:1072-1083. [PMID: 38608261 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. However, following exercise, high circulating fatty acid (FA) levels might counteract this. We hypothesized that such inhibition would be reduced by forcibly increasing carbohydrate oxidation through pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was examined with a crossover design in healthy young men (n = 8) in a previously exercised and a rested leg during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 5 h after one-legged exercise with 1) infusion of saline, 2) infusion of intralipid imitating circulating FA levels during recovery from whole-body exercise, and 3) infusion of intralipid + oral PDC activator, dichloroacetate (DCA). Intralipid infusion reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 19% in the previously exercised leg, which was not observed in the contralateral rested leg. Interestingly, this effect of intralipid in the exercised leg was abolished by DCA, which increased muscle PDC activity (130%) and flux (acetylcarnitine 130%) and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of PDC on Ser293 (∼40%) and Ser300 (∼80%). Novel insight is provided into the regulatory interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism during exercise recovery. Coupling exercise and PDC flux activation upregulated the capacity for both glucose transport (exercise) and oxidation (DCA), which seems necessary to fully stimulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake during recovery. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie M Jensen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Ian R Hill
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Wang S, Li J, Zhao Y. Construction and analysis of a network of exercise-induced mitochondria-related non-coding RNA in the regulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297848. [PMID: 38547044 PMCID: PMC10977711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major factor in the development of heart failure. Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which affect the progression of DCM. Regular exercise can induce altered non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, which subsequently affects gene expression and protein function. The mechanism of exercise-induced mitochondrial-related non-coding RNA network in the regulation of DCM remains unclear. This study seeks to construct an innovative exercise-induced mitochondrial-related ncRNA network. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing data from an exercise rat model identified 144 differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with cutoff criteria of p< 0.05 and fold change ≥1.0. GSE6880 and GSE4745 were the differentially expressed mRNAs from the left ventricle of DCM rat that downloaded from the GEO database. Combined with the differentially expressed mRNA and MitoCarta 3.0 dataset, the mitochondrial located gene Pdk4 was identified as a target gene. The miRNA prediction analysis using miRanda and TargetScan confirmed that 5 miRNAs have potential to interact with the 144 lncRNA. The novel lncRNA-miRNA-Pdk4 network was constructed for the first time. According to the functional protein association network, the newly created exercise-induced ncRNA network may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target, providing a fresh perspective to understand the molecular mechanism of different exercise types for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiacong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yungang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Carrillo ED, Hernández DI, Clara MV, Lezama I, García MC, Sánchez JA. Exercise increases MEF2A abundance in rat cardiac muscle by downregulating microRNA-223-5p. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14481. [PMID: 37660209 PMCID: PMC10475133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise plays an important role in cardiac health and enhances the transport of glucose in cardiac muscle by increasing the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) content at the cell membrane. The GLUT4 gene is a target of myocyte enhancer transcription factor 2A (MEF2A). Several transcription factors are regulated by microRNAs (miRs), small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study we tested the hypothesis that exercise regulates the expression of miR-223 and that MEF2A is a direct target of miR-223. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot experiments showed that GLUT4 gene expression and protein abundance increased by 30 and 23%, respectively, in the microsomal fraction immediately after exercise, and had returned to control levels after 18 h. In contrast, the increase in GLUT4 in the membrane fraction was delayed. Exercise also increased the protein abundance of transcription factors involved in GLUT4 expression. Immediately after exercise, the protein abundance of MEF2A, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) increased by 18, 30, and 40%, respectively. qRT-PCR experiments showed that miR-223-3p and miR-223-5p expression decreased immediately after exercise by 60 and 30%, respectively, and luciferase assays indicated that MEF2A is a target of the 5p strand of miR-223. Overexpression of miR-223-5p in H9c2 cells decreased the protein abundance of MEF2A. Our results suggest that the exercise-induced increase in GLUT4 content in cardiac muscle is partly due to the posttranscriptional increase in MEF2A protein abundance caused by the decrease in miR-223-5p expression. The exercise-induced decrease in miR-223-3p expression likely contributes to the increases in NRF1 and FOXO1 abundance and GLUT4 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba D Carrillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce I Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maikel Valle Clara
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Lezama
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María C García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Kotake H, Ogura Y, Yamada S, Inoue K, Watanabe S, Ichikawa D, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Natsuki Y, Hoshino S, Watanabe M, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Mechanism for exercise-mediated prevention against muscle wasting on extensor digitorum longus muscle in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:5. [PMID: 37016292 PMCID: PMC10717411 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the significant increase in limb muscle strength and cross-sectional area of the type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in a type 2 diabetic animal model, with Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 6) undergoing regular treadmill exercise from 8 to 16 weeks of age compared with sedentary SDT fatty rats (n = 6). This study investigated the mechanism by which exercise training prevented skeletal muscle wasting in the EDL muscle of the SDT fatty rats. The endurance exercise for 8 weeks downregulated the expression of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) and upregulated the expression of CD31, insulin receptor substrate-2, and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the EDL muscle of 16-week-old SDT fatty rats.Endurance exercise training might reduce muscle wasting by preventing muscle degradation and increasing the angiogenic response in the EDL muscle in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kotake
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Natsuki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Minoru Watanabe
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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7
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Peng C, Zhang Y, Lang X, Zhang Y. Role of mitochondrial metabolic disorder and immune infiltration in diabetic cardiomyopathy: new insights from bioinformatics analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:66. [PMID: 36726122 PMCID: PMC9893675 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common cardiovascular complications of diabetes and a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Mitochondrial metabolism and immune-inflammation are key for DCM pathogenesis, but their crosstalk in DCM remains an open issue. This study explored the separate roles of mitochondrial metabolism and immune microenvironment and their crosstalk in DCM with bioinformatics. METHODS DCM chip data (GSE4745, GSE5606, and GSE6880) were obtained from NCBI GEO, while mitochondrial gene data were downloaded from MitoCarta3.0 database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by GEO2R and processed for GSEA, GO and KEGG pathway analyses. Mitochondria-related DEGs (MitoDEGs) were obtained. A PPI network was constructed, and the hub MitoDEGs closely linked to DCM or heart failure were identified with CytoHubba, MCODE and CTD scores. Transcription factors and target miRNAs of the hub MitoDEGs were predicted with Cytoscape and miRWalk database, respectively, and a regulatory network was established. The immune infiltration pattern in DCM was analyzed with ImmuCellAI, while the relationship between MitoDEGs and immune infiltration abundance was investigated using Spearman method. A rat model of DCM was established to validate the expression of hub MitoDEGs and their relationship with cardiac function. RESULTS MitoDEGs in DCM were significantly enriched in pathways involved in mitochondrial metabolism, immunoregulation, and collagen synthesis. Nine hub MitoDEGs closely linked to DCM or heart failure were obtained. Immune analysis revealed significantly increased infiltration of B cells while decreased infiltration of DCs in immune microenvironment of DCM. Spearman analysis demonstrated that the hub MitoDEGs were positively associated with the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells, but negatively associated with the infiltration of anti-inflammatory or regulatory immune cells. In the animal experiment, 4 hub MitoDEGs (Pdk4, Hmgcs2, Decr1, and Ivd) showed an expression trend consistent with bioinformatics analysis result. Additionally, the up-regulation of Pdk4, Hmgcs2, Decr1 and the down-regulation of Ivd were distinctly linked to reduced cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS This study unraveled the interaction between mitochondrial metabolism and immune microenvironment in DCM, providing new insights into the research on potential pathogenesis of DCM and the exploration of novel targets for medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xueyan Lang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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8
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Stocks B, Zierath JR. Post-translational Modifications: The Signals at the Intersection of Exercise, Glucose Uptake, and Insulin Sensitivity. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:654-677. [PMID: 34730177 PMCID: PMC9277643 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, of which type 2 diabetes makes up the majority of cases. Nonetheless, for some individuals, type 2 diabetes is eminently preventable and treatable via lifestyle interventions. Glucose uptake into skeletal muscle increases during and in recovery from exercise, with exercise effective at controlling glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, acute and chronic exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle to insulin. A complex network of signals converge and interact to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in response to exercise. Numerous forms of post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, ribosylation, and more) are regulated by exercise. Here we review the current state of the art of the role of post-translational modifications in transducing exercise-induced signals to modulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity within skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we consider emerging evidence for noncanonical signaling in the control of glucose homeostasis and the potential for regulation by exercise. While exercise is clearly an effective intervention to reduce glycemia and improve insulin sensitivity, the insulin- and exercise-sensitive signaling networks orchestrating this biology are not fully clarified. Elucidation of the complex proteome-wide interactions between post-translational modifications and the associated functional implications will identify mechanisms by which exercise regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In doing so, this knowledge should illuminate novel therapeutic targets to enhance insulin sensitivity for the clinical management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Hostrup M, Lemminger AK, Stocks B, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Larsen JK, Quesada JP, Thomassen M, Weinert BT, Bangsbo J, Deshmukh AS. High-intensity interval training remodels the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle. eLife 2022; 11:69802. [PMID: 35638262 PMCID: PMC9154743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome, including post-translational modifications, regulate its metabolic adaptations to exercise. Here, we examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle, revealing the response of 3168 proteins and 1263 lysine acetyl-sites on 464 acetylated proteins. We identified global protein adaptations to exercise training involved in metabolism, excitation-contraction coupling, and myofibrillar calcium sensitivity. Furthermore, HIIT increased the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, particularly those of complex V. We also highlight the regulation of exercise-responsive histone acetyl-sites. These data demonstrate the plasticity of the skeletal muscle proteome and acetylome, providing insight into the regulation of contractile, metabolic and transcriptional processes within skeletal muscle. Herein, we provide a substantial hypothesis-generating resource to stimulate further mechanistic research investigating how exercise improves metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh Lemminger
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Kjærgaard Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Prats Quesada
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Tate Weinert
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul Shahaji Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Fatigue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111587. [PMID: 34769017 PMCID: PMC8584022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue (MF) declines the capacity of muscles to complete a task over time at a constant load. MF is usually short-lasting, reversible, and is experienced as a feeling of tiredness or lack of energy. The leading causes of short-lasting fatigue are related to overtraining, undertraining/deconditioning, or physical injury. Conversely, MF can be persistent and more serious when associated with pathological states or following chronic exposure to certain medication or toxic composites. In conjunction with chronic fatigue, the muscle feels floppy, and the force generated by muscles is always low, causing the individual to feel frail constantly. The leading cause underpinning the development of chronic fatigue is related to muscle wasting mediated by aging, immobilization, insulin resistance (through high-fat dietary intake or pharmacologically mediated Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonism), diseases associated with systemic inflammation (arthritis, sepsis, infections, trauma, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD))), chronic kidney failure, muscle dystrophies, muscle myopathies, multiple sclerosis, and, more recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The primary outcome of displaying chronic muscle fatigue is a poor quality of life. This type of fatigue represents a significant daily challenge for those affected and for the national health authorities through the financial burden attached to patient support. Although the origin of chronic fatigue is multifactorial, the MF in illness conditions is intrinsically linked to the occurrence of muscle loss. The sequence of events leading to chronic fatigue can be schematically denoted as: trigger (genetic or pathological) -> molecular outcome within the muscle cell -> muscle wasting -> loss of muscle function -> occurrence of chronic muscle fatigue. The present review will only highlight and discuss current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the upregulation of muscle wasting, thereby helping us understand how we could prevent or treat this debilitating condition.
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Salomão R, Neto IVDS, Ramos GV, Tibana RA, Durigan JQ, Pereira GB, Franco OL, Royer C, Neves FDAR, de Carvalho ACA, Nóbrega OT, Haddad R, Prestes J, Marqueti RDC. Paternal Resistance Exercise Modulates Skeletal Muscle Remodeling Pathways in Fathers and Male Offspring Submitted to a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706128. [PMID: 34646148 PMCID: PMC8503191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) adversely affects muscle extracellular matrix remodeling, the mechanisms involved in muscle trophism, inflammation, and adipogenesis have not been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on gene and protein expression/activity of critical factors involved in muscle inflammation and remodeling of fathers and offspring (offspring exposed to standard chow or HFD). Animals were randomly distributed to constitute sedentary fathers (SF; n = 7; did not perform RT) or trained fathers (TF n = 7; performed RT), with offspring from mating with sedentary females. After birth, 28 male pups were divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): offspring from sedentary father submitted either to control diet (SFO-C) or high-fat diet (SFO-HF) and offspring from trained father submitted to control diet (TFO-C) or high-fat diet (TFO-HF). Our results show that an HFD downregulated collagen mRNA levels and upregulated inflammatory and atrophy pathways and adipogenic transcription factor mRNA levels in offspring gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, paternal RT increased MMP-2 activity and decreased IL-6 levels in offspring exposed to a control diet. Paternal RT upregulated P70s6k and Ppara mRNA levels and downregulated Atrogin1 mRNA levels, while decreasing NFκ-B, IL-1β, and IL-8 protein levels in offspring exposed to an HFD. Paternal physical training influences key skeletal muscle remodeling pathways and inflammatory profiles relevant for muscle homeostasis maintenance in offspring submitted to different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Salomão
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFTM), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Interinstitutional Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences (UFSCar/UNESP), Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carine Royer
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otávio Toledo Nóbrega
- Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Tropical Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Tropical Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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12
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The Regulatory Roles of PPARs in Skeletal Muscle Fuel Metabolism and Inflammation: Impact of PPAR Agonism on Muscle in Chronic Disease, Contraction and Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189775. [PMID: 34575939 PMCID: PMC8465345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulating fuel selection, energy expenditure and inflammation in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Activation of PPARs, through endogenous fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites or synthetic compounds, has been demonstrated to have lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions. This review will aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of PPARs in energy homeostasis, with a focus on the impacts of PPAR agonism on muscle metabolism and function. The dysregulation of energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle is a frequent underlying characteristic of inflammation-related conditions such as sepsis. However, the potential benefits of PPAR agonism on skeletal muscle protein and fuel metabolism under these conditions remains under-investigated and is an area of research opportunity. Thus, the effects of PPARγ agonism on muscle inflammation and protein and carbohydrate metabolism will be highlighted, particularly with its potential relevance in sepsis-related metabolic dysfunction. The impact of PPARδ agonism on muscle mitochondrial function, substrate metabolism and contractile function will also be described.
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13
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Maunder E, Bradley HE, Deane CS, Hodgson AB, Jones M, Joanisse S, Turner AM, Breen L, Philp A, Wallis GA. Effects of short-term graded dietary carbohydrate intake on intramuscular and whole body metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:376-387. [PMID: 34043470 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00811.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake modulates fuel utilization during exercise. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of metabolic responses to graded changes in short-term (< 1 wk) dietary CHO intake. Thirteen active men performed interval running exercise combined with isocaloric diets over 3 days before evaluation of metabolic responses to 60-min running at 65% V̇O2max on three occasions. Diets contained lower [LOW, 2.40 ± 0.66 g CHO·kg-1·day-1, 21.3 ± 0.5% of energy intake (EI)], moderate (MOD, 4.98 ± 1.31 g CHO·kg-1·day-1, 46.3 ± 0.7% EI), or higher (HIGH, 6.48 ± 1.56 g CHO·kg-1·day-1, 60.5 ± 1.6% EI) CHO. Preexercise muscle glycogen content was lower in LOW [54.3 ± 26.4 mmol·kg-1 wet weight (ww)] compared with MOD (82.6 ± 18.8 mmol·kg -1 ww) and HIGH (80.4 ± 26.0 mmol·kg-1 ww, P < 0.001; MOD vs. HIGH, P = 0.85). Whole body substrate oxidation, systemic responses, and muscle substrate utilization during exercise indicated increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism in LOW [respiratory exchange ratio (RER): 0.81 ± 0.01] compared with MOD (RER 0.86 ± 0.01, P = 0.0005) and HIGH (RER: 0.88 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001; MOD vs. HIGH, P = 0.14). Higher basal muscle expression of genes encoding proteins implicated in fat utilization was observed in LOW. In conclusion, muscle glycogen availability and subsequent metabolic responses to exercise were resistant to increases in dietary CHO intake from ∼5.0 to ∼6.5 g CHO·kg-1·day-1 (46% to 61% EI), while muscle glycogen, gene expression, and metabolic responses were sensitive to more marked reductions in CHO intake (∼2.4 g CHO·kg-1·day-1, ∼21% EI).NEW & NOTEWORTHY The data presented here suggest that metabolic responses to steady-state aerobic exercise are somewhat resistant to short-term changes in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake within the 5-6.5 g CHO·kg-1·day-1 [46-61% energy intake (EI)] range. In contrast, reduction in short-term dietary CHO intake to ∼2.4 g CHO·kg-1·day-1 (21% EI) evoked clear changes indicative of increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Maunder
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen E Bradley
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Jones
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute for Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Services Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Medical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Atkins R, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Varadhan KK, Constantin D, Lobo DN, Greenhaff PL. Major elective abdominal surgery acutely impairs lower limb muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and mitochondrial function. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1046-1051. [PMID: 32711950 PMCID: PMC7957361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This post hoc study aimed to determine whether major elective abdominal surgery had any acute impact on mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity and maximal mitochondrial ATP production rates (MAPR) in a large muscle group (vastus lateralis -VL) distant to the site of surgical trauma. METHODS Fifteen patients undergoing major elective open abdominal surgery were studied. Muscle biopsies were obtained after the induction of anesthesia from the VL immediately before and after surgery for the determination of PDC and maximal MAPR (utilizing a variety of energy substrates). RESULTS Muscle PDC activity was reduced by >50% at the end of surgery compared with pre-surgery (p < 0.05). Muscle MAPR were comprehensively suppressed by surgery for the substrate combinations: glutamate + succinate; glutamate + malate; palmitoylcarnitine + malate; and pyruvate + malate (all p < 0.05), and could not be explained by a lower mitochondrial yield. CONCLUSIONS PDC activity and mitochondrial ATP production capacity were acutely impaired in muscle distant to the site of surgical trauma. In keeping with the limited data available, we surmise these events resulted from the general anesthesia procedures employed and the surgery related trauma. These findings further the understanding of the acute dysregulation of mitochondrial function in muscle distant to the site of major surgical trauma in patients, and point to the combination of general anesthesia and trauma related inflammation as being drivers of muscle metabolic insult that warrants further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at (NCT01134809).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Atkins
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Krishna K Varadhan
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Despina Constantin
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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15
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Pinel A, Rigaudière JP, Jouve C, Montaurier C, Jousse C, LHomme M, Morio B, Capel F. Transgenerational supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid reduced the metabolic consequences on the whole body and skeletal muscle in mice receiving an obesogenic diet. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3143-3157. [PMID: 33543364 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of manipulating the fatty acid profile of the diet over generations could affect the susceptibility to develop obesity and metabolic disorders. Although some acute effects were described, the impact of transgenerational continuous supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids on metabolic homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility during a nutritional stress is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the effect of an obesogenic diet in mice after transgenerational supplementation with an omega-3 rich oil (mainly EPA) or a control oil. Young F3 animals received a high fat and high sucrose diet for 4 months. Whole-body biometric data were recorded and lipidomic/transcriptomic adaptations were explored in the skeletal muscle. RESULTS F3 mice from the lineage supplemented with EPA gained less weight, fat mass, and exhibited better metabolic parameters after the obesogenic diet compared to mice from the control lineage. Transcriptomic exploration of skeletal muscle showed differential regulation of biological processes such as fibrosis, fatty acid catabolism, and inflammation between lineages. These adaptations were associated to subtle lipid remodeling of cellular membranes with an enrichment in phospholipids with omega 3 fatty acid in mice from the EPA lineage. CONCLUSION Transgenerational and continuous intake of EPA could help to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risks related to an unbalanced diet by the modulation of insulin sensitivity, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pinel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Paul Rigaudière
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chrystèle Jouve
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie LHomme
- ICANalytics Lipidomic, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,UFR de Medecine, UMR1019, Equipe ASMS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP 38, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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16
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Zhu X, Yao T, Wang R, Guo S, Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zhuo X, Wang R, Li JZ, Liu T, Kong X. IRF4 in Skeletal Muscle Regulates Exercise Capacity via PTG/Glycogen Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001502. [PMID: 33042761 PMCID: PMC7539189 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue and exhaustion are interesting areas for many researchers. Muscle glycogen is critical for physical performance. However, how glycogen metabolism is manipulated during exercise is not very clear. The aim here is to assess the impact of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) on skeletal muscle glycogen and subsequent regulation of exercise capacity. Skeletal muscle-specific IRF4 knockout mice show normal body weight and insulin sensitivity, but better exercise capacity and increased glycogen content with unaltered triglyceride levels compared to control mice on chow diet. In contrast, mice overexpression of IRF4 displays decreased exercise capacity and lower glycogen content. Mechanistically, IRF4 regulates glycogen-associated regulatory subunit protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) to manipulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of PTG can reverse the effects imposed by the absence of IRF4 in vivo. These studies reveal a regulatory pathway including IRF4/PTG/glycogen synthesis on controlling exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhu
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic DiseaseFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ting Yao
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ru Wang
- School of KinesiologyKey Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of EducationShanghai University of SportShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- School of KinesiologyKey Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of EducationShanghai University of SportShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Internal MedicineHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityNo. 150 Haping ST, Nangang DistrictHarbinHeilongjiang150081P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and HypertensionDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxi710061P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityNo. 150 Haping ST, Nangang DistrictHarbinHeilongjiang150081P. R. China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism and School of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biologyand Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
- Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
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Intramuscular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets during Exercise Training. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092496. [PMID: 32824957 PMCID: PMC7551624 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets has increased over recent decades given the theorized benefit of associated intramuscular adaptations and shifts in fuel utilization on endurance exercise performance. Consuming a LCHF diet during exercise training increases the availability of fat (i.e., intramuscular triglyceride stores; plasma free fatty acids) and decreases muscle glycogen stores. These changes in substrate availability increase reliance on fat oxidation for energy production while simultaneously decreasing reliance on carbohydrate oxidation for fuel during submaximal exercise. LCHF diet-mediated changes in substrate oxidation remain even after endogenous or exogenous carbohydrate availability is increased, suggesting that the adaptive response driving changes in fat and carbohydrate oxidation lies within the muscle and persists even when the macronutrient content of the diet is altered. This narrative review explores the intramuscular adaptations underlying increases in fat oxidation and decreases in carbohydrate oxidation with LCHF feeding. The possible effects of LCHF diets on protein metabolism and post-exercise muscle remodeling are also considered.
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18
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Chien HC, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D. PPARδ and FOXO1 Mediate Palmitate-Induced Inhibition of Muscle Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and CHO Oxidation, Events Reversed by Electrical Pulse Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165942. [PMID: 32824862 PMCID: PMC7460628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the reduction in muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-controlled carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation during chronic high-fat dietary intake are poorly understood, as is the basis of CHO oxidation restoration during muscle contraction. C2C12 myotubes were treated with (300 μM) palmitate or without (control) for 16 h in the presence and absence of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS, 11.5 V, 1 Hz, 2 ms). Compared to control, palmitate reduced cell glucose uptake (p < 0.05), PDC activity (p < 0.01), acetylcarnitine accumulation (p < 0.05) and glucose-derived mitochondrial ATP production (p < 0.01) and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) (p < 0.01), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) (p < 0.01) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) (p < 0.01) proteins, and reduced the whole-cell p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1) ratio (p < 0.01). EPS rescued palmitate-induced inhibition of CHO oxidation, reflected by increased glucose uptake (p < 0.01), PDC activity (p < 0.01) and glucose-derived mitochondrial ATP production (p < 0.01) compared to palmitate alone. EPS was also associated with less PDK4 (p < 0.01) and PPARδ (p < 0.01) proteins, and lower nuclear p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1 ratio normalised to the cytoplasmic ratio, but with no changes in PPARα protein. Collectively, these data suggest PPARδ, and FOXO1 transcription factors increased PDK4 protein in the presence of palmitate, which limited PDC activity and flux, and blunted CHO oxidation and glucose uptake. Conversely, EPS rescued these metabolic events by modulating the same transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Chien
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (H.-C.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Paul L. Greenhaff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (H.-C.C.); (P.L.G.)
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (H.-C.C.); (P.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-115-8230111
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19
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Association of epigenetics of the PDK4 gene in skeletal muscle and peripheral blood with exercise therapy following artificial knee arthroplasty. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:7. [PMID: 32216839 PMCID: PMC7098095 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although exercise is a standard treatment for postoperative osteoarthritis, interindividual differences have been reported. Epigenetic modification (DNA methylation), a factor causing interindividual differences, is altered by the environment and may affect all tissues. Performing a tissue biopsy to investigate methylation of skeletal muscle fat metabolism genes is invasive, and less invasive and convenient alternatives such as blood testing are desired. However, the relationship between tissue and blood is still unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between DNA methylation of the PDK4 gene in skeletal muscle and peripheral blood. Patients and methods Five patients who underwent artificial knee arthroplasty between April 2017 and June 2018 at Kansai Medical University Hospital were included (2 men and 3 women; average age, 75.2 years; body mass index, 26.1 kg/m2). We measured the body composition of the patients using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Peripheral blood was collected at the time of hospitalization and 5 months after surgery; skeletal muscles were collected at the time of surgery and 5 months after surgery. Rehabilitation was performed according to the clinical procedure for 3 months after surgery. Patients performed resistance training and aerobic exercise using an ergometer for 20 min twice a week. Biopsy samples were treated with bisulfite after DNA extraction, and the methylation rate was calculated at different CpG islands downstream from the transcription initiation codon of the PDK4 gene. Results No significant change in body composition was observed before and after postoperative exercise therapy, and no significant change was noted in the methylation at each position in the promoter region of PDK4 in the skeletal muscle and peripheral blood. However, changes in the methylation rate at CpG1 in peripheral blood significantly correlated with those in skeletal muscle (P = 0.037). Furthermore, the amount of change in the methylation rate of CpG1 in the skeletal muscle was significantly correlated (P = 0.037) with the average methylation rate at the promoter region in peripheral blood. Conclusions Methylation rates at CpG1 in the skeletal muscle and peripheral blood were significantly correlated, suggesting that skeletal muscle methylation could be analyzed via peripheral blood rather than skeletal muscle biopsy.
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Guo X, Lin H, Liu J, Wang D, Li D, Jiang C, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Li Y, Yao P. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D attenuates diabetic cardiac autophagy and damage by vitamin D receptor-mediated suppression of FoxO1 translocation. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108380. [PMID: 32299030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular abnormalities are one of the most important complications associated with diabetes. However, the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) on the diabetic heart and the associated regulatory mechanisms are not well appreciated. Here, we report that activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by 1,25D depresses autophagic activity by inhibiting nuclear FoxO1 translocation to attenuate diabetic heart damage. Treatment with 1,25D improved oral glucose tolerance test outcomes, fasting blood glucose levels and CK-MB release in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa) rats. Moreover, 1,25D intervention decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear FoxO1, LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, VDR was noticeably up-regulated by 1,25D, which was inhibited in diabetic hearts. In the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2, further accumulation of LC3II and the augmentation of p62 after treatment with high glucose and chloroquine confirmed increased autophagic activity in diabetic hearts. Moreover, increased Bcl-2 and Bax levels were observed after treatment with an agonist (rapamycin) and antagonist (3MA) of autophagy in high-glucose-cultured cells. The knockdown of VDR with siRNA further induced the expression of LC3II and FoxO1 translocation and altered the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in high-glucose-exposed cells, and these effects were suppressed by treatment with 1,25D or an inhibitor of FoxO1 transcriptional activity. In summary, 1,25D supplementation attenuated diabetic heart-related cardiac autophagy and damage by activating the VDR to inhibit the nuclear translocation of FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 DongHu Road, Wu Chang District, Wuhan City 430072, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen 518020, PR China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Dirks ML, Wall BT, Otten B, Cruz AM, Dunlop MV, Barker AR, Stephens FB. High-fat Overfeeding Does Not Exacerbate Rapid Changes in Forearm Glucose and Fatty Acid Balance During Immobilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5586896. [PMID: 31609422 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physical inactivity and high-fat overfeeding have been shown to independently induce insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE Establish the contribution of muscle disuse and lipid availability to the development of inactivity-induced insulin resistance. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS 20 healthy males underwent 7 days of forearm cast immobilization combined with a fully controlled eucaloric diet (n = 10, age 23 ± 2 yr, body mass index [BMI] 23.8 ± 1.0 kg·m-2) or a high-fat diet (HFD) providing 50% excess energy from fat (high-fat diet, n = 10, age 23 ± 2 yr, BMI 22.4 ± 0.8 kg·m-2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prior to casting and following 2 and 7 days of immobilization, forearm glucose uptake (FGU) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) balance were assessed using the arterialized venous-deep venous (AV-V) forearm balance method following ingestion of a mixed macronutrient drink. RESULTS 7 days of HFD increased body weight by 0.9 ± 0.2 kg (P = 0.002), but did not alter fasting, arterialized whole-blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations or the associated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance or Matsuda indices. Two and 7 days of forearm immobilization led to a 40 ± 7% and 52 ± 7% decrease in FGU, respectively (P < 0.001), with no difference between day 2 and 7 and no effect of HFD. Forearm NEFA balance tended to increase following 2 and 7 days of immobilization (P = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS Forearm immobilization leads to a rapid and substantial decrease in FGU, which is accompanied by an increase in forearm NEFA balance but is not exacerbated by excess dietary fat intake. Altogether, our data suggest that disuse-induced insulin resistance of glucose metabolism occurs as a physiological adaptation in response to the removal of muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou L Dirks
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Britt Otten
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Ana M Cruz
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Mandy V Dunlop
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
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22
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Parry SA, Turner MC, Woods RM, James LJ, Ferguson RA, Cocks M, Whytock KL, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Wagenmakers AJM, van Hall G, Hulston CJ. High-Fat Overfeeding Impairs Peripheral Glucose Metabolism and Muscle Microvascular eNOS Ser1177 Phosphorylation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5568321. [PMID: 31513265 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms responsible for dietary fat-induced insulin resistance of skeletal muscle and its microvasculature are only partially understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of high-fat overfeeding on postprandial glucose fluxes, muscle insulin signaling, and muscle microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content and activation. DESIGN Fifteen non-obese volunteers consumed a high-fat (64%) high-energy (+47%) diet for 7 days. Experiments were performed before and after the diet. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine glucose fluxes in response to carbohydrate plus protein ingestion. Muscle insulin signaling was determined as well as the content and activation state of muscle microvascular eNOS. RESULTS High-fat overfeeding impaired postprandial glycemic control as demonstrated by higher concentrations of glucose (+11%; P = 0.004) and insulin (+19%; P = 0.035). Carbohydrate plus protein ingestion suppressed endogenous glucose production to a similar extent before and after the diet. Conversely, high-fat overfeeding reduced whole-body glucose clearance (-16%; P = 0.021) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (-26%; P = 0.006). This occurred despite only minor alterations in skeletal muscle insulin signaling. High-fat overfeeding reduced eNOS content in terminal arterioles (P = 0.017) and abolished the increase in eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation that was seen after carbohydrate plus protein ingestion. CONCLUSION High-fat overfeeding impaired whole-body glycemic control due to reduced glucose clearance, not elevated endogenous glucose production. The finding that high-fat overfeeding abolished insulin-mediated eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in the terminal arterioles suggests that impairments in the vasodilatory capacity of the skeletal muscle microvasculature may contribute to early dietary fat-induced impairments in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siôn A Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark C Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel M Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Richard A Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Matthew Cocks
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie L Whytock
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl J Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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23
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Kamo T, Kurose S, Ohno H, Murata M, Hashiyada M, Saito T, Kimura Y. Epigenetic mechanism controls PDK4 gene activation before and after exercise therapy following artificial knee arthroplasty. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1433-1443. [PMID: 31496670 PMCID: PMC6689537 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s213154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose DNA methylation is thought to play a role in exercise-induced gene expression. We aimed to examine changes in muscular strength and body composition in elderly patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis before and after artificial knee arthroplasty and exercise therapy. We aimed to confirm the relationship between DNA methylation and body composition, using the methylation rate of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene that regulates skeletal muscle and fat metabolism. Patients and methods Patients underwent artificial knee arthroplasty between April 2017 and June 2017 at Kansai Medical University Hospital. Six patients (seven knees) were included in the analysis (four males/two females; average age, 75.7 years; body mass index, 25.1 kg/m2). Body composition and knee extension muscle strength were measured before surgery and 5 months after surgery. Rehabilitation was performed for 3 months after surgery. In the remaining 2 months, patients performed resistance training and aerobic exercise using an ergometer for 20 mins, twice a week. A biopsy of the vastus medialis was taken during surgery and 5 months post-surgery. Biopsy samples were treated with bisulfite after DNA extraction, and DNA methylation rate was calculated. Results Body weight (P=0.046), total weight (P=0.027), and total fat mass (P=0.028) were significantly lower 5 months postoperatively than preoperatively. Five months post-surgery, the PDK4 gene was significantly more hypomethylated at eight sites in the CpG island, compared to pre-surgery. There was a significant correlation (r=0.88, P=0.02) between promoter region hypomethylation and weight loss. Total methylation rate and weight loss were significantly correlated (r=0.829, P=0.042). Total methylation rate and decrease in total fat mass showed a positive trending relationship (r=0.812, P=0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitative exercise resulted in significant decreases in weight and body fat. Hypomethylation of the PDK4 gene promoter region signified the effect of postoperative management focus on exercise therapy on weight and fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kamo
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurose
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashiyada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Pin F, Novinger LJ, Huot JR, Harris RA, Couch ME, O'Connell TM, Bonetto A. PDK4 drives metabolic alterations and muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. FASEB J 2019; 33:7778-7790. [PMID: 30894018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802799r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is frequently accompanied by severe metabolic derangements, although the mechanisms responsible for this debilitating condition remain unclear. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4, a critical regulator of cellular energetic metabolism, was found elevated in experimental models of cancer, starvation, diabetes, and sepsis. Here we aimed to investigate the link between PDK4 and the changes in muscle size in cancer cachexia. High PDK4 and abnormal energetic metabolism were found in the skeletal muscle of colon-26 tumor hosts, as well as in mice fed a diet enriched in Pirinixic acid, previously shown to increase PDK4 levels. Viral-mediated PDK4 overexpression in myotube cultures was sufficient to promote myofiber shrinkage, consistent with enhanced protein catabolism and mitochondrial abnormalities. On the contrary, blockade of PDK4 was sufficient to restore myotube size in C2C12 cultures exposed to tumor media. Our data support, for the first time, a direct role for PDK4 in promoting cancer-associated muscle metabolic alterations and skeletal muscle atrophy.-Pin, F., Novinger, L. J., Huot, J. R., Harris, R. A., Couch, M. E., O'Connell, T. M., Bonetto, A. PDK4 drives metabolic alterations and muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leah J Novinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua R Huot
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marion E Couch
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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25
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Lundell LS, Massart J, Altıntaş A, Krook A, Zierath JR. Regulation of glucose uptake and inflammation markers by FOXO1 and FOXO3 in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2018; 20:79-88. [PMID: 30502001 PMCID: PMC6358548 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate whole body energy metabolism, skeletal muscle mass, and substrate switching. FOXO1 and FOXO3 are highly abundant transcription factors, but their precise role in skeletal muscle metabolism has not been fully elucidated. Methods To elucidate the role of FOXO in skeletal muscle, dominant negative (dn) constructs for FOXO1 (FOXO1dn) or FOXO3 (FOXO3dn) were transfected by electroporation into mouse tibialis anterior muscle and glucose uptake, signal transduction, and gene expression profiles were assessed after an oral glucose tolerance test. Results were compared against contralateral control transfected muscle. Results FOXO1dn and FOXO3dn attenuated glucose uptake (35%, p < 0.01 and 20%, p < 0.05), GLUT4 protein (40%, p < 0.05 and 10%, p < 0.05), and subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation cascade. Intramuscular glycogen content was decreased (20%, p < 0.05) by FOXO3dn, but not FOXO1dn. Transcriptomic analysis revealed major pathways affected by FOXO1dn or FOXO3dn revolve around metabolism and inflammation. FOXO1dn increased Akt protein (140%, p < 0.001), p-AktSer473 (720%, p < 0.05) and p-AktThr308 (570%, p < 0.01), whereas FOXO3dn was without effect. FOXO1dn and FOXO3dn increased mTOR protein content (170% and 190%, p < 0.05), and p-p70S6KThr389 (420%, p < 0.01 and 300%, p < 0.01), while p-mTORSer2448 (500%, p < 0.01), was only increased by FOXO1dn. Chemokines and immune cell markers were robustly upregulated in skeletal muscle following the FOXOdn transfections, but not after control transfection. Conclusions FOXO1 and FOXO3 regulate glucose metabolism and markers of inflammation in skeletal muscle, implicating transcriptional control governing “immunometabolic” dynamics. FOXO1 and FOXO3 transcriptional activity regulates glucose uptake and inflammation. Inhibiting FOXO1 transcriptional activity affects more genes compared to FOXO3. Inhibiting FOXO1 and FOXO3 leads to similar pathway enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas S Lundell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Small L, Brandon AE, Quek LE, Krycer JR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Acute activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase increases glucose oxidation in muscle without changing glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E258-E266. [PMID: 29406780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is a key component of the glucose/fatty acid cycle hypothesis for the regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. We have investigated whether acute activation of PDH in muscle can alleviate the insulin resistance caused by feeding animals a high-fat diet (HFD). The importance of PDH activity in muscle glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions was determined by infusing the PDH kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) into HFD-fed Wistar rats during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Acute DCA infusion did not alter glucose infusion rate, glucose disappearance, or hepatic glucose production but did decrease plasma lactate levels. DCA substantially increased muscle PDH activity; however, this did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle of HFD rats. DCA infusion increased the flux of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduced glucose incorporation into glycogen and alanine in muscle. Similarly, in isolated muscle, DCA treatment increased glucose oxidation and decreased glycogen synthesis without changing glucose uptake. These results suggest that, although PDH activity controls the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for oxidation, this has little effect on glucose uptake into muscle under insulin-stimulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
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27
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Constantin-Teodosiu D, Cederblad G, Bergström M, Greenhaff PL. Maximal-intensity exercise does not fully restore muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation after 3 days of high-fat dietary intake. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:948-953. [PMID: 29459213 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exercise activates muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), but moderate intensity exercise fails to fully activate muscle PDC after high-fat diet [1]. We investigated whether maximal intensity exercise overcomes this inhibition. METHODS Quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy samples were obtained from healthy males at rest, and after 46 and 92 electrically-evoked maximal intermittent isometric contractions, which were preceded by 3 days of either low- (18%) or high- (69%) isocaloric dietary fat intake (LFD and HFD, respectively). RESULTS The ratio of PDCa (active form) to total PDCt (fully activated) at rest was 50% less after HFD (0.32 ± 0.01 vs 0.15 ± 0.01; P < 0.05). This ratio increased to 0.77 ± 0.06 after 46 contractions (P < 0.001) and to 0.98 ± 0.07 after 92 contractions (P < 0.001) in LFD. The corresponding values after HFD were less (0.54 ± 0.06; P < 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.07; P < 0.01, respectively). Resting muscle acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine content was greater after HFD than LFD (both P < 0.05), but their rate of accumulation in the former was reduced during contraction. Muscle lactate content after 92 contractions was 30% greater after HFD (P < 0.05). Muscle force generation during contraction was no different between interventions, but HFD lengthened muscle relaxation time (P < 0.05). Daily urinary total carnitine excretion after HFD was 2.5-fold greater than after LFD (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A bout of maximal intense exercise did not overcome dietary fat-mediated inhibition of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation, and was associated with greater muscle lactate accumulation, as a result of lower PDC flux, and increased muscle relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - G Cederblad
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M Bergström
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P L Greenhaff
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Al Batran R, Almutairi M, Ussher JR. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mediated control of cardiac energy metabolism. Peptides 2018; 100:94-100. [PMID: 29412838 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are frequently used to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent data from cardiovascular outcomes trials for the GLP-1R agonists, liraglutide and semaglutide, have also demonstrated significant reductions in death rates from cardiovascular causes in patients with T2D. As cardiovascular death is the number one cause of death in patients with T2D, understanding the mechanisms by which GLP-1R agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide improve cardiac function is essential. Yet despite strong evidence from preclinical and clinical studies supporting the cardioprotective actions of GLP-1R agonists, the precise mechanism(s) by which this drug-class for T2D may produce these beneficial actions remains enigmatic. Negligible GLP-1R expression in ventricular cardiac myocytes suggests that GLP-1R agonist-induced cardioprotection is likely partially attributed to indirect actions on peripheral tissues other than the heart. Because insulin increases glucose oxidation, whereas glucagon increases fatty acid oxidation in the heart, GLP-1R agonist-induced increases and decreases in insulin and glucagon secretion, respectively, may modify cardiac energy metabolism in T2D patients. This may represent a potential mechanism for GLP-1R agonist-induced cardioprotection in T2D, as increases in fatty acid oxidation and decreases in glucose oxidation are frequently observed in the hearts of animals and human subjects with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.
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Abstract
Fat and carbohydrate are the major fuel sources utilised for oxidative, mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during human skeletal muscle contraction. The relative contribution of these two substrates to ATP resynthesis and total energy expenditure during exercise can vary substantially, and is predominantly determined by fuel availability and exercise intensity and duration. For example, the increased ATP demand that occurs with an increase in exercise intensity is met by increases in both fat and carbohydrate oxidation up to an intensity of approximately 60-70 % of maximal oxygen consumption. When exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, skeletal muscle carbohydrate utilisation is accelerated, which results in a reduction and inhibition of the relative and absolute contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure. However, the precise mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the decline in fat oxidation remain unclear. This brief review will primarily address the theory that a carbohydrate flux-mediated reduction in the availability of muscle carnitine to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fat translocation, is a key mechanism for the decline in fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise. This is discussed in relation to recent work in this area investigating fuel metabolism at various exercise intensities and taking advantage of the discovery that skeletal muscle carnitine content can be nutritionally increased in vivo in human subjects.
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Gopal K, Saleme B, Al Batran R, Aburasayn H, Eshreif A, Ho KL, Ma WK, Almutairi M, Eaton F, Gandhi M, Park EA, Sutendra G, Ussher JR. FoxO1 regulates myocardial glucose oxidation rates via transcriptional control of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H479-H490. [PMID: 28687587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00191.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation and a critical regulator of metabolic flexibility during the fasting to feeding transition. PDH is regulated via both PDH kinases (PDHK) and PDH phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate PDH, respectively. Our goal was to determine whether the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) regulates PDH activity and glucose oxidation in the heart via increasing the expression of Pdk4, the gene encoding PDHK4. To address this question, we differentiated H9c2 myoblasts into cardiac myocytes and modulated FoxO1 activity, after which Pdk4/PDHK4 expression and PDH phosphorylation/activity were assessed. We assessed binding of FoxO1 to the Pdk4 promoter in cardiac myocytes in conjunction with measuring the role of FoxO1 on glucose oxidation in the isolated working heart. Both pharmacological (1 µM AS1842856) and genetic (siRNA mediated) inhibition of FoxO1 decreased Pdk4/PDHK4 expression and subsequent PDH phosphorylation in H9c2 cardiac myocytes, whereas 10 µM dexamethasone-induced Pdk4/PDHK4 expression was abolished via pretreatment with 1 µM AS1842856. Furthermore, transfection of H9c2 cardiac myocytes with a vector expressing FoxO1 increased luciferase activity driven by a Pdk4 promoter construct containing the FoxO1 DNA-binding element region, but not in a Pdk4 promoter construct lacking this region. Finally, AS1842856 treatment in fasted mice enhanced glucose oxidation rates during aerobic isolated working heart perfusions. Taken together, FoxO1 directly regulates Pdk4 transcription in the heart, thereby controlling PDH activity and subsequent glucose oxidation rates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although studies have shown an association between FoxO1 activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression, our study demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 is a direct transcriptional target of FoxO1 (but not FoxO3/FoxO4) in the heart. Furthermore, we report here, for the first time, that FoxO1 inhibition increases glucose oxidation in the isolated working mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanin Aburasayn
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amina Eshreif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne K Ma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; .,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tsuchiya K, Ogawa Y. Forkhead box class O family member proteins: The biology and pathophysiological roles in diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 8:726-734. [PMID: 28267275 PMCID: PMC5668485 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors are essential regulators of cellular homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Altered FoxO1 expression and activity have been associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and complications of diabetes. In the liver, they direct carbons to glucose or lipid utilization, thus providing a unifying mechanism for the two abnormalities of the diabetic liver: excessive glucose production, and increased lipid synthesis and secretion. In the pancreas, FoxO1 is necessary to maintain β-cell differentiation, and could be promising targets for β-cell regeneration. In endothelial cells, FoxOs strongly promote atherosclerosis through suppressing nitric oxide production and enhancing inflammatory responses. In the present review, we summarize the basic biology and pathophysiological significance of FoxOs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Jia G, Jia Y, Sowers JR. Contribution of Maladaptive Adipose Tissue Expansion to Development of Cardiovascular Disease. Compr Physiol 2016; 7:253-262. [PMID: 28135006 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The overweight and obesity epidemic has led to an increase in the metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). These abnormalities include insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular stiffness, hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) expansion and associated fibrosis/stiffness of WAT promote insulin resistance and CVD through increases in proinflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysregulation of adipocyte apoptosis and autophagy, dysfunctional immune modulation, and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. The expansion of WAT is partly determined by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal S6 kinase signaling pathways. Further, the chronic activation of these signaling pathways may not only induce adipocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, but also contribute to systemic inflammation, and impairment of insulin metabolic signaling in fat, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue. Therefore, the interplay of adipocyte dysfunction, maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses, and associated metabolic disorders often coexist leading to systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance that are associated with increased CVD in obese individuals. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:253-262, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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33
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Shipp SL, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Recent advances in the understanding of how neuropeptide Y and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone function in adipose physiology. Adipocyte 2016; 5:333-350. [PMID: 27994947 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1208867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the brain and the adipose tissue has been the focus of many studies in recent years, with the "brain-fat axis" identified as a system that orchestrates the assimilation and usage of energy to maintain body mass and adequate fat stores. It is now well-known that appetite-regulating peptides that were studied as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system can act both on the hypothalamus to regulate feeding behavior and also on the adipose tissue to modulate the storage of energy. Energy balance is thus partly controlled by factors that can alter both energy intake and storage/expenditure. Two such factors involved in these processes are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). NPY, an orexigenic factor, is associated with promoting adipogenesis in both mammals and chickens, while α-MSH, an anorexigenic factor, stimulates lipolysis in rodents. There is also evidence of interaction between the 2 peptides. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the study of NPY and α-MSH regarding their role in adipose tissue physiology, with an emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. A greater understanding of the brain-fat axis and regulation of adiposity by bioactive peptides may provide insights on strategies to prevent or treat obesity and also enhance nutrient utilization efficiency in agriculturally-important species.
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34
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Forkhead box transcription factor 1: role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:44. [PMID: 26956801 PMCID: PMC4784400 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disorder of the heart muscle in people with diabetes that can occur independent of hypertension or vascular disease. The underlying mechanism of DCM is incompletely understood. Some transcription factors have been suggested to regulate the gene program intricate in the pathogenesis of diabetes prompted cardiac injury. Forkhead box transcription factor 1 is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in a variety of physiological processes. Altered FOXO1 expression and function have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and the important role of FOXO1 in DCM has begun to attract attention. In this review, we focus on the FOXO1 pathway and its role in various processes that have been related to DCM, such as metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis.
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35
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Sin TK, Yu AP, Yung BY, Yip SP, Chan LW, Wong CS, Rudd JA, Siu PM. Effects of long-term resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation on insulin and apoptotic signalling in aged skeletal muscle. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:1063-75. [PMID: 25959421 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of Foxo1 is known to promote apoptosis and disturbances to insulin signalling. However, their modulating roles in aged skeletal muscle are not clear. The present study tested the hypothesis that long-term (i.e. 8 month) resveratrol supplementation would improve physical traits including exercise capacity and basal voluntary activity of aged mice and modulate insulin/apoptotic signalling in aged skeletal muscle. This study also examined whether these resveratrol-associated alterations would involve orchestration of the SIRT1-Foxo1 signalling axis. METHODS Two-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned to young, aged and aged with resveratrol treatment (AR) groups. The AR mice were supplemented with 4.9 mg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1) resveratrol for 8 months. All animals were subject to endurance capacity test and voluntary motor behaviour assessment. The lateral gastrocnemius muscle tissues were harvested for further analyses. RESULTS Long-term resveratrol treatment significantly alleviated the age-associated reductions in exercise capacity and voluntary motor behaviour. The protein content, but not the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 was increased with concomitant elevations of p300 acetylase and acetylation of Foxo1 in aged muscle. The aged muscle also manifested signs of impaired insulin signalling including attenuated phosphorylation of Akt, activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and membrane trafficking of GLUT4 and elevated levels of phosphorylated IRS1 and iNOS and apoptotic activation measured as Bim, p53 and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Intriguingly, all these age-related adverse changes were mitigated with the activation of SIRT1 deacetylase activity after long-term resveratrol treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that modulation of the SIRT1-Foxo1 axis by long-term resveratrol treatment enhances physical traits and alleviates the unfavourable changes in insulin and apoptotic signalling in aged muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angus P Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Y Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shea P Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence W Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cesar S Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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36
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Perpetual muscle PDH activation in PDH kinase knockout mice protects against high-fat feeding-induced muscle insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E824. [PMID: 25617371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422929112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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37
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Apontes P, Liu Z, Su K, Benard O, Youn DY, Li X, Li W, Mirza RH, Bastie CC, Jelicks LA, Pessin JE, Muzumdar RH, Sauve AA, Chi Y. Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. Diabetes 2014; 63:3626-36. [PMID: 24848064 PMCID: PMC4207399 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary fat intake causes systemic metabolic toxicity, manifested in weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, carbohydrate utilization as a fuel is substantially inhibited. Correction or reversal of these effects during high-fat diet (HFD) intake is of exceptional interest in light of widespread occurrence of diet-associated metabolic disorders in global human populations. Here we report that mangiferin (MGF), a natural compound (the predominant constituent of Mangifera indica extract from the plant that produces mango), protected against HFD-induced weight gain, increased aerobic mitochondrial capacity and thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin profiles. To obtain mechanistic insight into the basis for these effects, we determined that mice exposed to an HFD combined with MGF exhibited a substantial shift in respiratory quotient from fatty acid toward carbohydrate utilization. MGF treatment significantly increased glucose oxidation in muscle of HFD-fed mice without changing fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that MGF redirects fuel utilization toward carbohydrates. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, MGF increased glucose and pyruvate oxidation and ATP production without affecting fatty acid oxidation, confirming in vivo and ex vivo effects. Furthermore, MGF inhibited anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate to lactate but enhanced pyruvate oxidation. A key target of MGF appears to be pyruvate dehydrogenase, determined to be activated by MGF in a variety of assays. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of activation of carbohydrate utilization in correction of metabolic syndrome and highlight the potential of MGF to serve as a model compound that can elicit fuel-switching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha Apontes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Dou Y Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Xisong Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Raihan H Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Raper JA, Love LK, Paterson DH, Peters SJ, Heigenhauser GJF, Kowalchuk JM. Effect of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets on pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1371-9. [PMID: 25277736 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00456.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates the delivery of carbohydrate-derived substrate to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain. PDH activity at rest and its activation during exercise is attenuated following high-fat (HFAT) compared with high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diets. Given the reliance on carbohydrate-derived substrate early in transitions to exercise, this study examined the effects of HFAT and HCHO on phase II pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2 p) kinetics during transitions into the moderate-intensity (MOD) exercise domain. Eight active adult men underwent dietary manipulations consisting of 6 days of HFAT (73% fat, 22% protein, 5% carbohydrate) followed immediately by 6 days of HCHO (10% fat, 10% protein, 80% carbohydrate); each dietary phase was preceded by a glycogen depletion protocol. Participants performed three MOD transitions from a 20 W cycling baseline to work rate equivalent to 80% of estimated lactate threshold on days 5 and 6 of each diet. Steady-state V̇o2 p was greater (P < 0.05), and respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate oxidation rates were lower (P < 0.05) during HFAT. The phase II V̇o2 p time constant (τV̇o2 p) [HFAT 40 ± 16, HCHO 32 ± 19 s (mean ± SD)] and V̇o2 p gain (HFAT 10.3 ± 0.8, HCHO 9.4 ± 0.7 ml·min(-1·)W(-1)) were greater (P < 0.05) in HFAT. The overall adjustment (effective time constant) of muscle deoxygenation (Δ[HHb]) was not different between diets (HFAT 24 ± 4 s, HCHO 23 ± 4 s), which coupled with a slower τV̇o2 p, indicates a slowed microvascular blood flow response. These results suggest that the slower V̇o2 p kinetics associated with HFAT are consistent with inhibition and slower activation of PDH, a lower rate of pyruvate production, and/or attenuated microvascular blood flow and O2 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Raper
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - L K Love
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - D H Paterson
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - G J F Heigenhauser
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - J M Kowalchuk
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada;
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Sanchez AMJ, Candau RB, Bernardi H. FoxO transcription factors: their roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1657-71. [PMID: 24232446 PMCID: PMC11113648 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) are highly conserved transcription factors with important roles in cellular homeostasis. The four FoxO members in humans, FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4, and FoxO6, are all expressed in skeletal muscle, but the first three members are the most studied in muscle. In this review, we detail the multiple modes of FoxO regulation and discuss the central role of these proteins in the control of skeletal muscle plasticity. FoxO1 and FoxO3 are key factors of muscle energy homeostasis through the control of glycolytic and lipolytic flux, and mitochondrial metabolism. They are also key regulators of protein breakdown, as they modulate the activity of several actors in the ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy–lysosomal proteolytic pathways, including mitochondrial autophagy, also called mitophagy. FoxO proteins have also been implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and muscle regeneration. Depending of their activation level, FoxO proteins can exhibit ambivalent functions. For example, a basal level of FoxO factors is necessary for cellular homeostasis and these proteins are required for adaptation to exercise. However, exacerbated activation may occur in the course of several diseases, resulting in metabolic disorders and atrophy. A better understanding of the precise functions of these transcriptions factors should thus lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or limit the muscle wasting that prevails in numerous pathological states, such as immobilization, denervated conditions, neuromuscular disease, aging, AIDS, cancer, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. J. Sanchez
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier 1, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Montpellier 1, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Robin B. Candau
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier 1, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Montpellier 1, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Henri Bernardi
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier 1, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Zhang S, Hulver MW, McMillan RP, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. The pivotal role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases in metabolic flexibility. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:10. [PMID: 24520982 PMCID: PMC3925357 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the capacity of a system to adjust fuel (primarily glucose and fatty acids) oxidation based on nutrient availability. The ability to alter substrate oxidation in response to nutritional state depends on the genetically influenced balance between oxidation and storage capacities. Competition between fatty acids and glucose for oxidation occurs at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The PDC is normally active in most tissues in the fed state, and suppressing PDC activity by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase (PDK) is crucial to maintain energy homeostasis under some extreme nutritional conditions in mammals. Conversely, inappropriate suppression of PDC activity might promote the development of metabolic diseases. This review summarizes PDKs’ pivotal role in control of metabolic flexibility under various nutrient conditions and in different tissues, with emphasis on the best characterized PDK4. Understanding the regulation of PDC and PDKs and their roles in energy homeostasis could be beneficial to alleviate metabolic inflexibility and to provide possible therapies for metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA.
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Prior SJ, Ryan AS, Stevenson TG, Goldberg AP. Metabolic inflexibility during submaximal aerobic exercise is associated with glucose intolerance in obese older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:451-7. [PMID: 23983100 PMCID: PMC3875833 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with type 2 diabetes have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic impairments that are linked to obesity and often occur prior to the development of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that obese, older adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have lower ability to shift from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from rest to submaximal exercise than normal glucose tolerant (NGT) controls. DESIGN AND METHODS Glucose tolerance, body composition, and substrate oxidation (measured by RER:respiratory exchange ratio) during submaximal exercise (50% and 60% VO₂max ) and insulin infusion (3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) were assessed in 23 sedentary, overweight-obese, older men and women. RESULTS Obese subjects with NGT (n = 13) and IGT (n = 10) had similar resting RER, but during submaximal exercise those with IGT had a lower RER and less transition to carbohydrate oxidation than the NGT group (P < 0.05). The IGT group also oxidized less carbohydrate during insulin infusion than NGT (P < 0.05). RER at each exercise intensity independently correlated with 120-minute postprandial glucose (r = -0.54 to -0.58, P < 0.05), but not with body composition, VO₂max , or RER during insulin infusion. CONCLUSIONS Obese, older adults have metabolic inflexibility during exercise that is associated with the degree of glucose intolerance independent of age and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Prior
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Troy G. Stevenson
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P. Goldberg
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Gray LR, Tompkins SC, Taylor EB. Regulation of pyruvate metabolism and human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2577-604. [PMID: 24363178 PMCID: PMC4059968 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate is a keystone molecule critical for numerous aspects of eukaryotic and human metabolism. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis, is derived from additional sources in the cellular cytoplasm, and is ultimately destined for transport into mitochondria as a master fuel input undergirding citric acid cycle carbon flux. In mitochondria, pyruvate drives ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation and multiple biosynthetic pathways intersecting the citric acid cycle. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is regulated by many enzymes, including the recently discovered mitochondria pyruvate carrier, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate carboxylase, to modulate overall pyruvate carbon flux. Mutations in any of the genes encoding for proteins regulating pyruvate metabolism may lead to disease. Numerous cases have been described. Aberrant pyruvate metabolism plays an especially prominent role in cancer, heart failure, and neurodegeneration. Because most major diseases involve aberrant metabolism, understanding and exploiting pyruvate carbon flux may yield novel treatments that enhance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd, 4-403 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Constantin-Teodosiu D. Regulation of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in insulin resistance: effects of exercise and dichloroacetate. Diabetes Metab J 2013; 37:301-14. [PMID: 24199158 PMCID: PMC3816130 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) controls the rate of carbohydrate oxidation, impairment of PDC activity mediated by high-fat intake has been advocated as a causative factor for the skeletal muscle insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There are also situations where muscle insulin resistance can occur independently from high-fat dietary intake such as sepsis, inflammation, or drug administration though they all may share the same underlying mechanism, i.e., via activation of forkhead box family of transcription factors, and to a lower extent via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The main feature of T2D is a chronic elevation in blood glucose levels. Chronic systemic hyperglycaemia is toxic and can lead to cellular dysfunction that may become irreversible over time due to deterioration of the pericyte cell's ability to provide vascular stability and control to endothelial proliferation. Therefore, it may not be surprising that T2D's complications are mainly macrovascular and microvascular related, i.e., neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, coronary artery, and peripheral vascular diseases. However, life style intervention such as exercise, which is the most potent physiological activator of muscle PDC, along with pharmacological intervention such as administration of dichloroacetate or L-carnitine can prove to be viable strategies for treating muscle insulin resistance in obesity and T2D as they can potentially restore whole body glucose disposal.
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Malin SK, Viskochil R, Oliver C, Braun B. Mild fasting hyperglycemia shifts fuel reliance toward fat during exercise in adults with impaired glucose tolerance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:78-83. [PMID: 23599396 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00084.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is characterized by decreased oxidative capacity and reduced carbohydrate utilization during exercise. However, it is unclear if the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affects fuel utilization during exercise in adults with IGT. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of IFG in adults with IGT decreases reliance on carbohydrate during exercise. Middle-aged, obese, sedentary individuals (n = 6, IGT and n = 6, IFG+IGT) were compared during exercise at 60% peak O2 consumption for 45 min on a cycle ergometer. Glucose rates of appearance and disposal and muscle glycogen were assessed by stable isotope dilution methods, and fat utilization was estimated via indirect calorimetry. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations. A glucose intolerance severity z-score was calculated from the oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose flux (i.e., rates of appearance and disposal) was not different between groups. However, individuals with IFG+IGT had lower muscle glycogen use (P < 0.05) and elevated fat oxidation (P < 0.01) during exercise compared with those with isolated IGT. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and glucose were significantly higher during exercise in subjects with IFG+IGT vs. IGT alone (P < 0.05). Fat utilization during exercise correlated with fasting glucose (r = 0.57, P = 0.05), glucose intolerance severity z-score (r = 0.66, P = 0.01), and nonesterified fatty acids (trend; r = 0.55, P = 0.08). The presence of IFG shifts fuel selection toward increased fat oxidation and decreased muscle glycogen utilization during exercise in adults with IGT. Whether these differences in substrate use contribute to, or are the result of, movement along the continuum from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes awaits further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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45
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Radak Z, Zhao Z, Koltai E, Ohno H, Atalay M. Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1208-46. [PMID: 22978553 PMCID: PMC3579386 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an important role in the evolution of Homo sapiens, and oxygen was not important just for survival, but it was crucial to redox-mediated adaptation. The metabolic challenge during physical exercise results in an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are important modulators of muscle contraction, antioxidant protection, and oxidative damage repair, which at moderate levels generate physiological responses. Several factors of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and SIRT1, are modulated by exercise-associated changes in the redox milieu. PGC-1α activation could result in decreased oxidative challenge, either by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and/or by an increased number of mitochondria that allows lower levels of respiratory activity for the same degree of ATP generation. Endogenous thiol antioxidants glutathione and thioredoxin are modulated with high oxygen consumption and ROS generation during physical exercise, controlling cellular function through redox-sensitive signaling and protein-protein interactions. Endurance exercise-related angiogenesis, up to a significant degree, is regulated by ROS-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Moreover, the exercise-associated ROS production could be important to DNA methylation and post-translation modifications of histone residues, which create heritable adaptive conditions based on epigenetic features of chromosomes. Accumulating data indicate that exercise with moderate intensity has systemic and complex health-promoting effects, which undoubtedly involve regulation of redox homeostasis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Puthanveetil P, Wan A, Rodrigues B. FoxO1 is crucial for sustaining cardiomyocyte metabolism and cell survival. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:393-403. [PMID: 23263330 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a term used to describe cardiac muscle damage-induced heart failure. Multiple structural and biochemical reasons have been suggested to induce this disorder. The most prominent feature of the diabetic myocardium is attenuated insulin signalling that reduces survival kinases (Akt), potentially switching on protein targets like FoxOs, initiators of cell death. FoxO1, a prominent member of the forkhead box family and subfamily O of transcription factors and produced from the FKHR gene, is involved in regulating metabolism, cell proliferation, oxidative stress response, immune homeostasis, pluripotency in embryonic stem cells, and cell death. In this review we describe distinctive functions of FoxOs, specifically FoxO1 under conditions of nutrient excess, insulin resistance and diabetes, and its manipulation to restore metabolic equilibrium to limit cardiac damage due to cell death. Because FoxO1 helps cardiac tissue to combat a variety of stress stimuli, it could be a major determinant in regulating diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this regard, we highlight studies from our group and others who illustrate how cardiac tissue-specific FoxO1 deletion protects the heart against cardiomyopathy and how its down-regulation in endothelial tissue could prevent against atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, we also describe studies that show FoxO1's beneficial qualities by highlighting their role in inducing anti-oxidant, autophagic, and anti-apoptotic genes under stress conditions of ischaemia-reperfusion and myocardial infarction. Thus, the aforementioned FoxO1 traits could be useful in curbing cardiac tissue-specific impairment of function following diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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FOXO1-mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) decreases glucose oxidation and impairs right ventricular function in pulmonary hypertension: therapeutic benefits of dichloroacetate. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:333-46. [PMID: 23247844 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is activated in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), causing an increase in glycolysis relative to glucose oxidation that impairs right ventricular function. The stimulus for PDK upregulation, its isoform specificity, and the long-term effects of PDK inhibition are unknown. We hypothesize that FOXO1-mediated PDK4 upregulation causes bioenergetic impairment and RV dysfunction, which can be reversed by dichloroacetate. Adult male Fawn-Hooded rats (FHR) with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH; age 6-12 months) were compared to age-matched controls. Glucose oxidation (GO) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were measured at baseline and after acute dichloroacetate (1 mM × 40 min) in isolated working hearts and in freshly dispersed RV myocytes. The effects of chronic dichloroacetate (0.75 g/L drinking water for 6 months) on cardiac output (CO) and exercise capacity were measured in vivo. Expression of PDK4 and its regulatory transcription factor, FOXO1, were also measured in FHR and RV specimens from PAH patients (n = 10). Microarray analysis of 168 genes related to glucose or FA metabolism showed >4-fold upregulation of PDK4, aldolase B, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. FOXO1 was increased in FHR RV, whereas HIF-1 α was unaltered. PDK4 expression was increased, and the inactivated form of FOXO1 decreased in human PAH RV (P < 0.01). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition in RVH increased proton production and reduced GO's contribution to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Acutely, dichloroacetate reduced RV proton production and increased GO's contribution (relative to FAO) to the TCA cycle and ATP production in FHR (P < 0.01). Chronically dichloroacetate decreased PDK4 and FOXO1, thereby activating PDH and increasing GO in FHR. These metabolic changes increased CO (84 ± 14 vs. 69 ± 14 ml/min, P < 0.05) and treadmill-walking distance (239 ± 20 vs. 171 ± 22 m, P < 0.05). Chronic dichloroacetate inhibits FOXO1-induced PDK4 upregulation and restores GO, leading to improved bioenergetics and RV function in RVH.
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48
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Turcotte LP, Abbott MJ. Contraction-induced signaling: evidence of convergent cascades in the regulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23181271 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of fatty acid utilization during muscle contraction and exercise remains to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests that the metabolic responses of skeletal muscle induced by the contraction-induced changes in energy demand are mediated by the activation of a multitude of intracellular signaling cascades. This review addresses the roles played by 3 intracellular signaling cascades of interest in the regulation of fatty acid uptake and oxidation in contracting skeletal muscle; namely, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling cascades. Data delineating the potential role of AMPK in cross-talk with CaMKII, CaMK kinase (CaMKK), and ERK1/2 are presented. Collectively, data show that in perfused rodent muscle, regulation of fatty acid uptake and oxidation occurs via (i) CaMKII signaling via both AMPK-dependent and -independent cascades, (ii) CaMKK signaling via both AMPK-dependent and -independent cascades, (iii) AMPK signaling in a time- and intensity-dependent manner, and (iv) ERK1/2 signaling in an intensity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA.
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Mallinson JE, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Glaves PD, Martin EA, Davies WJ, Westwood FR, Sidaway JE, Greenhaff PL. Pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces statin-mediated upregulation of FOXO gene targets and protects against statin myopathy in rodents. J Physiol 2012; 590:6389-402. [PMID: 23045346 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.238022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that statin myopathy is associated with impaired carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation in fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle, which we hypothesised occurred as a result of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene transcription. Upregulation of FOXO gene targets known to regulate proteasomal and lysosomal muscle protein breakdown was also evident. We hypothesised that increasing CHO oxidation in vivo, using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activator, dichloroacetate (DCA), would blunt activation of FOXO gene targets and reduce statin myopathy. Female Wistar Hanover rats were dosed daily for 12 days (oral gavage) with either vehicle (control, 0.5% w/v hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose 0.1% w/v polysorbate-80; n = 9), 88 mg( )kg(-1) day(-1) simvastatin (n = 8), 88 mg( )kg(-1) day(-1) simvastatin + 30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) DCA (n = 9) or 88 mg kg(-1) day(-1) simvastatin + 40 mg kg(-1) day(-1) DCA (n = 9). Compared with control, simvastatin reduced body mass gain and food intake, increased muscle fibre necrosis, plasma creatine kinase levels, muscle PDK4, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and cathepsin-L mRNA expression, increased PDK4 protein expression, and proteasome and cathepsin-L activity, and reduced muscle PDC activity. Simvastatin with DCA maintained body mass gain and food intake, abrogated the myopathy, decreased muscle PDK4 mRNA and protein, MAFbx and cathepsin-L mRNA, increased activity of PDC and reduced proteasome activity compared with simvastatin. PDC activation abolished statin myopathy in rodent skeletal muscle, which occurred at least in part via inhibition of FOXO-mediated transcription of genes regulating muscle CHO utilisation and protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Mallinson
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Goodpaster BH, Coen PM. Do acute exercise and diet reveal the molecular basis for metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle? Diabetes 2012; 61:983. [PMID: 22517651 PMCID: PMC3331737 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bret H. Goodpaster
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author: Bret H. Goodpaster,
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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