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Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
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Ma Q, Liu T, Li Y, Xu H, Xiao Q, Yao Q. The Association Between Sleep Duration and Sleep-Related Gene Methylation with Osteoporosis in Chinese Postmenopausal Women. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:221-228. [PMID: 37786334 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis. In addition, sleep-related gene methylation was also detected in this study and we explored its relationship with osteoporosis. The epidemiological investigation section of this study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. We gathered 148 postmenopausal women from two communities and used questionnaires to collect data of sleep duration and other sleep patterns. Biochemical variables were tested, and bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, sleep-related gene (PER2 and PER3) methylation was tested, and the association with osteoporosis was further studied. Twenty-nine of the 148 participants (aged from 65 to 86 years) who suffered from osteoporosis were tested for osteopenia. A significant difference was observed in the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis; the p-value was 0.013. In addition, in our study, we found that short sleep duration (<7 hours) may increase the risk of osteoporosis compared with longer sleep duration. Moreover, sleep-related genes such as PER2 and PER3 and their CpG island methylation were tested, and there was no significant difference between PER2 and PER3 CpG island methylation and osteoporosis. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, the association between sleep-related gene methylation and osteoporosis was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yao
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu WJ, Chen JY, Niu SR, Zheng YS, Lin S, Hong Y. Recent advances in the study of circadian rhythm disorders that induce diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115368. [PMID: 37647688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of blindness in young adults. Multiple potential factors influence DR; however, the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Advanced treatments for DR, including laser therapy, vitrectomy, and intraocular drug injections, slow the disease's progression but fail to cure or reverse visual impairment. Therefore, additional effective methods to prevent and treat DR are required. The biological clock plays a crucial role in maintaining balance in the circadian rhythm of the body. Poor lifestyle habits, such as irregular routines and high-fat diets, may disrupt central and limbic circadian rhythms. Disrupted circadian rhythms can result in altered glucose metabolism and obesity. Misaligned central and peripheral clocks lead to a disorder of the rhythm of glucose metabolism, and chronically high sugar levels lead to the development of DR. We observed a disturbance in clock function in patients with diabetes, and a misaligned clock could accelerate the development of DR. In the current study, we examine the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders, diabetes, and DR. We conclude that: 1) abnormal function of the central clock and peripheral clock leads to abnormal glucose metabolism, further causing DR and 2) diabetes causes abnormal circadian rhythms, further exacerbating DR. Thus, our study presents new insights into the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Si-Ru Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Yi-Sha Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China.
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4
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Ejaz M, Usman SM, Amir S, Khan MJ. Holistic expression of miR-17-92 cluster in obesity, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6913-6925. [PMID: 37329480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
miR-17-92 cluster encodes six micro RNAs (miRNAs) and plays a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes. Aberrant expression of this cluster may result in the onset of several diseases. Initially, the role of miR-17-92 cluster in tumorigenesis was discovered but recent research has also uncovered its role in other diseases. Members of the cluster may serve as potential biomarkers in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases and their complications. In this article, we have reviewed the recent research carried out on the expression pattern of miR-17-92 cluster in non-communicable diseases i.e., obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), kidney diseases (KD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined miR-17-92 role in pathological processes and their potential importance as biomarkers. Each member of the cluster miR-17-92 was upregulated in obesity. miR-18a, miR-19b-3p, miR20a, and miR92a were significantly upregulated in CVD. An equal fraction of the cluster was dysregulated (upregulated and downregulated) in diabetes; however, miR-17-92 was downregulated in most studies on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Bhoi JD, Goel M, Ribelayga CP, Mangel SC. Circadian clock organization in the retina: From clock components to rod and cone pathways and visual function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 94:101119. [PMID: 36503722 PMCID: PMC10164718 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in mammalian and non-mammalian retinas have been observed and the presence of an endogenous circadian clock has been demonstrated. However, how the clock and associated rhythms assemble into pathways that support and control retina function remains largely unknown. Our goal here is to review the current status of our knowledge and evaluate recent advances. We describe many previously-observed retinal rhythms, including circadian rhythms of morphology, biochemistry, physiology, and gene expression. We evaluate evidence concerning the location and molecular machinery of the retinal circadian clock, as well as consider findings that suggest the presence of multiple clocks. Our primary focus though is to describe in depth circadian rhythms in the light responses of retinal neurons with an emphasis on clock control of rod and cone pathways. We examine evidence that specific biochemical mechanisms produce these daily light response changes. We also discuss evidence for the presence of multiple circadian retinal pathways involving rhythms in neurotransmitter activity, transmitter receptors, metabolism, and pH. We focus on distinct actions of two dopamine receptor systems in the outer retina, a dopamine D4 receptor system that mediates circadian control of rod/cone gap junction coupling and a dopamine D1 receptor system that mediates non-circadian, light/dark adaptive regulation of gap junction coupling between horizontal cells. Finally, we evaluate the role of circadian rhythmicity in retinal degeneration and suggest future directions for the field of retinal circadian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bhoi
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, UTHEALTH-The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Honors Research Program, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manvi Goel
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, UTHEALTH-The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Honors Research Program, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stuart C Mangel
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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6
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Chan YJ, Hsiao G, Wan WN, Yang TM, Tsai CH, Kang JJ, Lee YC, Fang TC, Cheng YW, Li CH. Blue light exposure collapses the inner blood-retinal barrier by accelerating endothelial CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of GNAZ and the activation of ADAM17. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:31. [PMID: 37095509 PMCID: PMC10124034 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue light is part of the natural light spectrum that emits high energy. Currently, people are frequently exposed to blue light from 3C devices, resulting in a growing incidence of retinopathy. The retinal vasculature is complex, and retinal vessels not only serve the metabolic needs of the retinal sublayers, but also maintain electrolyte homeostasis by forming the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The iBRB, which is primarily composed of endothelial cells, has well-developed tight junctions. However, with exposure to blue light, the risks of targeting retinal endothelial cells are currently unknown. We found that endothelial claudin-5 (CLDN5) was rapidly degraded under blue light, coinciding with the activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), even at non-cytotoxic lighting. An apparently broken tight junction and a permeable paracellular cleft were observed. Mice exposed to blue light displayed iBRB leakage, conferring attenuation of the electroretinogram b-wave and oscillatory potentials. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ADAM17 remarkably alleviated CLDN5 degradation induced by blue light. Under untreated condition, ADAM17 is sequestered by GNAZ (a circadian-responsive, retina-enriched inhibitory G protein), whereas ADAM17 escapes from GNAZ by blue light illuminance. GNAZ knockdown led to ADAM17 hyperactivation, CLDN5 downregulation, and paracellular permeability in vitro, and retinal damage mimicked blue light exposure in vivo. These data demonstrate that blue light exposure might impair the iBRB by accelerating CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of the GNAZ-ADAM17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Nok Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Jidigam VK, Sawant OB, Fuller RD, Wilcots K, Singh R, Lang RA, Rao S. Neuronal Bmal1 regulates retinal angiogenesis and neovascularization in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:792. [PMID: 35933488 PMCID: PMC9357084 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in the mammalian retina regulate a diverse range of retinal functions that allow the retina to adapt to the light-dark cycle. Emerging evidence suggests a link between the circadian clock and retinopathies though the causality has not been established. Here we report that clock genes are expressed in the mouse embryonic retina, and the embryonic retina requires light cues to maintain robust circadian expression of the core clock gene, Bmal1. Deletion of Bmal1 and Per2 from the retinal neurons results in retinal angiogenic defects similar to when animals are maintained under constant light conditions. Using two different models to assess pathological neovascularization, we show that neuronal Bmal1 deletion reduces neovascularization with reduced vascular leakage, suggesting that a dysregulated circadian clock primarily drives neovascularization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis suggests that semaphorin signaling is the dominant pathway regulated by Bmal1. Our data indicate that therapeutic silencing of the retinal clock could be a common approach for the treatment of certain retinopathies like diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Jidigam
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Onkar B Sawant
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Eversight, Cleveland, OH, 44103, USA
| | - Rebecca D Fuller
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kenya Wilcots
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Rupesh Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sujata Rao
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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8
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Ogata S, Ito S, Masuda T, Ohtsuki S. Diurnal Changes in Protein Expression at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:751-756. [PMID: 35650102 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence the transport function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and peripheral organs. However, the influence of circadian rhythms on protein expression in the BBB remains to be completely elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate diurnal changes in protein expression in the mouse BBB using quantitative proteomics. Quantitative proteomics showed that the expression of 67, 10, and 20 proteins in the isolated mouse brain capillary fraction changed significantly at zeitgeber time (ZT) 6, 12, and 18, respectively, compared to ZT0. Among them, the levels of 44 proteins were significantly increased at ZT6 and then returned to the same level as ZT0 at ZT12 and ZT18. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the proteins significantly increased at ZT6 were majorly related to translation. The brain capillary endothelial cell-selective proteins sepiapterin reductase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 showed diurnal variation. In contrast, the expression of ABC transporters, SLC transporters, and receptors associated with receptor-mediated transcytosis, and tight junction proteins did not change within a day. The present findings demonstrated that protein expression related to transport function and physical barrier at the BBB was maintained throughout the day, although the proteins involved in some biological processes exhibited diurnal variation at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Bery A, Bagchi U, Bergen AA, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Circadian clocks, retinogenesis and ocular health in vertebrates: new molecular insights. Dev Biol 2022; 484:40-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Mathew D, Luo Q, Bhatwadekar AD. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Results in Visual Dysfunction. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:364-378. [PMID: 35664832 PMCID: PMC9164246 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light has been increasingly in use for the past 70 years. The aberrant light exposure and round‐the‐clock nature of work lead to the disruption of biological clock. Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) contributes to multiple metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its effect on vision is not understood. Moreover, the mammalian retina possesses an autonomous clock that could be reset with light exposure. We evaluated the impact of CRD on retinal morphology, physiology, and vision after housing mice in a disruption inducing shorter light/dark cycle (L10:D10). Interestingly, the mice under L10:D10 exhibited three different entrainment behaviors; “entrained,” “free‐running,” and “zigzagging.” These behavior groups under CRD exhibited reduced visual acuity, retinal thinning, and a decrease in the number of photoreceptors. Intriguingly, the electroretinogram response was decreased only in the mice exhibiting “entrained” behavior. The retinal proteome showed distinct changes with each entrainment behavior, and there was a dysfunctional oxidative stress‐antioxidant mechanism. These results demonstrate that CRD alters entrainment behavior and leads to visual dysfunction in mice. Our studies uniquely show the effect of entrainment behavior on retinal physiology. Our data have broader implications in understanding and mitigating the impact of CRD on vision and its potential role in the etiology of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA
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11
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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12
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Endogenous functioning and light response of the retinal clock in vertebrates. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:49-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Deng Y, Qiao L, Du M, Qu C, Wan L, Li J, Huang L. Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy. Genes Dis 2022; 9:62-79. [PMID: 35005108 PMCID: PMC8720701 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina known as the macula and it is classified as early stage to late stage (advanced AMD). The advanced AMD is classified into the nonexudative or atrophic form (dry AMD) and the exudative or neovascular form (wet AMD). More severe vision loss is typically associated with the wet form. Multiple genetic factors, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and aging, play a role in the etiology of AMD. Dysregulation in genetic to AMD is established to 46%-71% of disease contribution, with CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1 to be the two most notable risk loci among the 103 identified AMD associated loci so far. Chronic cigarette smoking is the most proven consistently risk living habits for AMD. Deep learning algorithm has been developed based on image recognition to distinguish wet AMD and normal macula with high accuracy. Currently, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is highly effective at treating wet AMD. Several new generation AMD drugs and iPSC-derived RPE cell therapy are in the clinical trial stage and are promising to improve AMD treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Lifeng Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Mingyan Du
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Ling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Lulin Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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14
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Evidence for a dysfunction and disease-promoting role of the circadian clock in the diabetic retina. Exp Eye Res 2021; 211:108751. [PMID: 34478739 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of chronic hyperglycemia and a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. In the present study the interaction between diabetes and retinal clocks was investigated in mice. It was seen that in the db/db mouse - a widely used animal model of diabetic retinopathy - clock function and circadian regulation of gene expression was disturbed in the retina. Remarkably, elimination of clock function by Bmal1-deficiency mitigates the progression of pathophysiology of the diabetic retina. Thus high-fat diet was seen to induce histopathology and molecular markers associated with diabetic retinopathy in wild type but not in Bmal1-deficient mice. The data of the present study suggest that Bmal1/the retinal clock system is both, a target and an effector of diabetes mellitus in the retina and hence represents a putative therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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15
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Oyama Y, Walker LA, Eckle T. Targeting circadian PER2 as therapy in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1262-1273. [PMID: 34034593 PMCID: PMC8355134 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1928160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cycle of day and night dominates life on earth. Therefore, almost all living organisms adopted a molecular clock linked to the light-dark cycles. It is now well established that this molecular clock is crucial for human health and wellbeing. Disruption of the molecular clockwork directly results in a myriad of disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. Further, the onset of many cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian periodicity with worse outcomes in the early morning hours. Based on these observations, the research community became interested in manipulating the molecular clock to treat cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, several exciting discoveries of pharmacological agents or molecular mechanisms targeting the molecular clockwork have paved the way for circadian medicine's arrival in cardiovascular diseases. The current review will outline the most recent circadian therapeutic advances related to the circadian rhythm protein Period2 (PER2) to treat myocardial ischemia and summarize future research in the respective field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Per2 attenuates LPS-induced chondrocyte injury through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224736. [PMID: 32426819 PMCID: PMC7256672 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the role of period circadian clock 2 (Per2) in the evolution of osteoarthritis (OA) and the relevant mechanisms. Per2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were markedly reduced in NHAC-kn cells treated with 5 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h. Then, pcDNA3.1-Per2 and si-Per2 were recruited to boost and reduce the expression of Per2, respectively. MTT assay, apoptosis analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that Per2 increased cell proliferation, while inhibited apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was activated by Per2 overexpression; the CO-IP data confirmed that Per2 specifically bound to PTEN. Through employing IGF-1, a PI3K activator, we determined that Per2-mediated inflammation response in LPS-stimulated NHAC-kn cells through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In summary, the present study indicates that Per2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target through activating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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17
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Circadian Rhythm: Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020676. [PMID: 33445491 PMCID: PMC7827891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Every organism has an intrinsic biological rhythm that orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes. Circadian rhythms are maintained by networks of molecular clocks throughout the core and peripheral tissues, including immune cells, blood vessels, and perivascular adipose tissues. Recent findings have suggested strong correlations between the circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases. Desynchronization between the circadian rhythm and body metabolism contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian rhythms are involved in controlling inflammatory processes and metabolisms, which can influence the pathology of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian clock genes are critical in maintaining the robust relationship between diurnal variation and the cardiovascular system. The circadian machinery in the vascular system may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The research on circadian rhythms in cardiovascular diseases is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on circadian rhythms and cardiovascular homeostasis, focusing on the circadian control of inflammatory processes and metabolisms. Based on the recent findings, we discuss the potential target molecules for future therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases by targeting the circadian clock.
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18
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Huang S, Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Li Z. Recent advances in modulators of circadian rhythms: an update and perspective. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1267-1286. [PMID: 32506972 PMCID: PMC7717701 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1772249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a universal life phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the multiple physiological functions and regulating the adaptability to internal and external environments of flora and fauna. Circadian alignment in humans has the greatest effect on human health, and circadian misalignment is closely associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, immune diseases, cancer, sleep disorders, and ophthalmic diseases. The recent description of clock proteins and related post-modification targets was involved in several diseases, and numerous lines of evidence are emerging that small molecule modulators of circadian rhythms can be used to rectify circadian disorder. Herein, we attempt to update the disclosures about the modulators targeting core clock proteins and related post-modification targets, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and human health as well as the therapeutic role and prospect of these small molecule modulators in circadian rhythm related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Bhatwadekar AD, Rameswara V. Circadian rhythms in diabetic retinopathy: an overview of pathogenesis and investigational drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1431-1442. [PMID: 33107770 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1842872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythm is a natural endogenous process occurring roughly every 24 hours. Circadian rhythm dysfunction is involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. Interestingly, there are investigational drugs that exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by targeting circadian rhythm dysfunction. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature search in June 2020 using PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms 'circadian clock,' 'circadian rhythms,' and 'diabetic retinopathy.' This article offers an overview of the physiology of the biological clock and clock regulatory genes and presents an examination of the retinal clock. It discusses the pathogenic mechanisms of DR and emphasizes how circadian rhythm dysfunction at structural, physiological, metabolic and cellular levels, plays a critical role in the development of DR. The latter part of the paper sheds light on those investigational drugs (such as melatonin, tasimelteon and metformin) which exhibit potential in the treatment of DR by the targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION An enhanced understanding of circadian rhythm and its role in DR could offer therapeutic potential by targeting of circadian rhythm dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Varun Rameswara
- Indiana University School of Medicine. Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Bedont JL, Iascone DM, Sehgal A. The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:469-509. [PMID: 33021821 PMCID: PMC10826104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lewis Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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21
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Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xu J, Yang X. Association Between Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy and Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:665-675. [PMID: 32880791 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, the most common complication of diabetes, is a neurodegenerative disease in the eye. And Parkinson's disease, affecting the health of 1-2% of people over 60 years old throughout the world, is the second largest neurodegenerative disease in the brain. As the understanding of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease deepens, the two diseases are found to show correlation in incidence, similarity in clinical presentation, and close association in pathophysiological mechanisms. To reveal the association between pathophysiological mechanisms of the two disease, in this review, the shared pathophysiological factors of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease are summarized and classified into dopaminergic system, circadian rhythm, neurotrophic factors, α-synuclein, and Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar and different mechanisms so far as the shared pathophysiological factors of the two disorders are discussed systematically. Finally, a brief summary and new perspectives are presented to provide new directions for further efforts on the association, exploration, and clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yikun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Qi X, Mitter SK, Yan Y, Busik JV, Grant MB, Boulton ME. Diurnal Rhythmicity of Autophagy Is Impaired in the Diabetic Retina. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040905. [PMID: 32272782 PMCID: PMC7226792 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal homeostasis is under both diurnal and circadian regulation. We sought to investigate the diurnal expression of autophagy proteins in normal rodent retina and to determine if this is impaired in diabetic retinopathy. C57BL/6J mice and Bio-Breeding Zucker (BBZ) rats were maintained under a 12h/12h light/dark cycle and eyes, enucleated over a 24 h period. Eyes were also collected from diabetic mice with two or nine-months duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Bio-Breeding Zucker diabetic rat (BBZDR/wor rats with 4-months duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immunohistochemistry was performed for the autophagy proteins Atg7, Atg9, LC3 and Beclin1. These autophagy proteins (Atgs) were abundantly expressed in neural retina and endothelial cells in both mice and rats. A differential staining pattern was observed across the retinas which demonstrated a distinctive diurnal rhythmicity. All Atgs showed localization to retinal blood vessels with Atg7 being the most highly expressed. Analysis of the immunostaining demonstrated distinctive diurnal rhythmicity, of which Atg9 and LC3 shared a biphasic expression cycle with the highest level at 8:15 am and 8:15 pm. In contrast, Beclin1 revealed a 24-h cycle with the highest level observed at midnight. Atg7 was also on a 24-h cycle with peak expression at 8:15 am, coinciding with the first peak expression of Atg9 and LC3. In diabetic animals, there was a dramatic reduction in all four Atgs and the distinctive diurnal rhythmicity of these autophagy proteins was significantly impaired and phase shifted in both T1D and T2D animals. Restoration of diurnal rhythmicity and facilitation of autophagy protein expression may provide new treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Sayak K. Mitter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (X.Q.); (S.K.M.); (M.B.G.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Al-Waeli H, Nicolau B, Stone L, Abu Nada L, Gao Q, Abdallah MN, Abdulkader E, Suzuki M, Mansour A, Al Subaie A, Tamimi F. Chronotherapy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Enhance Postoperative Recovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 31949183 PMCID: PMC6965200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain relief is crucial for full recovery. With the ongoing opioid epidemic and the insufficient effect of acetaminophen on severe pain; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are heavily used to alleviate this pain. However, NSAIDs are known to inhibit postoperative healing of connective tissues by inhibiting prostaglandin signaling. Pain intensity, inflammatory mediators associated with wound healing and the pharmacological action of NSAIDs vary throughout the day due to the circadian rhythm regulated by the clock genes. According to this rhythm, most of wound healing mediators and connective tissue formation occurs during the resting phase, while pain, inflammation and tissue resorption occur during the active period of the day. Here we show, in a murine tibia fracture surgical model, that NSAIDs are most effective in managing postoperative pain, healing and recovery when drug administration is limited to the active phase of the circadian rhythm. Limiting NSAID treatment to the active phase of the circadian rhythm resulted in overexpression of circadian clock genes, such as Period 2 (Per2) at the healing callus, and increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and vascular endothelial growth factor. By contrast, NSAID administration during the resting phase resulted in severe bone healing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Waeli
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - B Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - L Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - L Abu Nada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Q Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - M N Abdallah
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G, Canada
| | - E Abdulkader
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - M Suzuki
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Mansour
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Al Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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24
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Loss of Diurnal Oscillatory Rhythms in Gut Microbiota Correlates with Changes in Circulating Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102310. [PMID: 31569518 PMCID: PMC6835667 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our hypothesis is that diabetes leads to loss of diurnal oscillatory rhythms in gut microbiota altering circulating metabolites. We performed an observational study where we compared diurnal changes of the gut microbiota with temporal changes of plasma metabolites. Metadata analysis from bacterial DNA from fecal pellets collected from 10-month old control (db/m) and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice every 4 h for a 24-h period was used for prediction analysis. Blood plasma was collected at a day and night time points and was used for untargeted global metabolomic analysis. Feeding and activity behaviors were recorded. Our results show that while diabetic mice exhibited feeding and activity behavior similar to control mice, they exhibited a loss of diurnal oscillations in bacteria of the genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Oscillospira and a phase shift in the oscillations of g.Prevotella, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria. Analysis of the circulating metabolites showed alterations in the diurnal pattern of metabolic pathways where bacteria have been implicated, such as the histidine, betaine, and methionine/cysteine pathway, mitochondrial function and the urea cycle. Functional analysis of the differential microbes revealed that during the day, when mice are asleep, the microbes of diabetic mice were enriched in processing carbon and pyruvate metabolic pathways instead of xenobiotic degradation as was observed for control mice. Altogether, our study suggests that diabetes led to loss of rhythmic oscillations of many gut microbiota with possible implications for temporal regulation of host metabolic pathways.
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25
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Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Buhr ED, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Hicks D, Peirson SN, Ribelayga CP, Sandu C, Spessert R, Tosini G. Ocular Clocks: Adapting Mechanisms for Eye Functions and Health. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4856-4870. [PMID: 30347082 PMCID: PMC6181243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is a highly rhythmic function adapted to the extensive changes in light intensity occurring over the 24-hour day. This adaptation relies on rhythms in cellular and molecular processes, which are orchestrated by a network of circadian clocks located within the retina and in the eye, synchronized to the day/night cycle and which, together, fine-tune detection and processing of light information over the 24-hour period and ensure retinal homeostasis. Systematic or high throughput studies revealed a series of genes rhythmically expressed in the retina, pointing at specific functions or pathways under circadian control. Conversely, knockout studies demonstrated that the circadian clock regulates retinal processing of light information. In addition, recent data revealed that it also plays a role in development as well as in aging of the retina. Regarding synchronization by the light/dark cycle, the retina displays the unique property of bringing together light sensitivity, clock machinery, and a wide range of rhythmic outputs. Melatonin and dopamine play a particular role in this system, being both outputs and inputs for clocks. The retinal cellular complexity suggests that mechanisms of regulation by light are diverse and intricate. In the context of the whole eye, the retina looks like a major determinant of phase resetting for other tissues such as the retinal pigmented epithelium or cornea. Understanding the pathways linking the cell-specific molecular machineries to their cognate outputs will be one of the major challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
| | - Rainer Spessert
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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26
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Greene C, Hanley N, Campbell M. Claudin-5: gatekeeper of neurological function. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30691500 PMCID: PMC6350359 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction proteins of the blood–brain barrier are vital for maintaining integrity of endothelial cells lining brain blood vessels. The presence of these protein complexes in the space between endothelial cells creates a dynamic, highly regulated and restrictive microenvironment that is vital for neural homeostasis. By limiting paracellular diffusion of material between blood and brain, tight junction proteins provide a protective barrier preventing the passage of unwanted and potentially damaging material. Simultaneously, this protective barrier hinders the therapeutic effectiveness of central nervous system acting drugs with over 95% of small molecule therapeutics unable to bypass the blood–brain barrier. At the blood–brain barrier, claudin-5 is the most enriched tight junction protein and its dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis as well as psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. By regulating levels of claudin-5, it is possible to abrogate disease symptoms in many of these disorders. This review will give an overview of the blood–brain barrier and the role of tight junction complexes in maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity before focusing on the role of claudin-5 and its regulation in homeostatic and pathological conditions. We will also summarise therapeutic strategies to restore integrity of cerebral vessels by targeting tight junction protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Greene
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicole Hanley
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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27
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Wang X, Deng M, Zhai X, Li R, Liu J. Dietary Genistein Could Modulate Hypothalamic Circadian Entrainment, Reduce Body Weight, and Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Female Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:2163838. [PMID: 31139215 PMCID: PMC6500629 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2163838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein has beneficial effects on metabolic disorders. However, the specific mechanism is not clearly understood. In light of the significant role of the hypothalamus in energy and metabolic homeostasis, this study was designed to explore whether dietary genistein intake could mitigate the harmful effects of a high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and whether any alterations caused by dietary genistein were associated with hypothalamic gene expression profiles. C57BL/6 female mice were fed a high-fat diet without genistein (HF), a high-fat diet with genistein (HFG), or a normal control diet (CON) for 8 weeks. Body weight and energy intake were assessed. At the end of the study, glucose tolerance and serum levels of insulin and lipids were analyzed. Hypothalamic tissue was collected for whole transcriptome sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation. Energy intake and body weight were significantly reduced in the mice of the HFG group compared with those of the HF group. Mice fed the HFG diet had improved glucose tolerance and decreased serum triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with those fed the HF diet. The HFG diet also modulated gene expression in the hypothalamus; the most abundant genes were enriched in the circadian entrainment pathway. Dietary genistein intake could reduce body weight, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and regulate hypothalamic circadian entrainment. The ability of genistein intake to influence regulation of the hypothalamic circadian rhythm is important since this could provide a novel target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jin J, Wang H, Hua X, Chen D, Huang C, Chen Z. An outline for the pharmacological effect of icariin in the nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:20-32. [PMID: 30342950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Icariin is a major active component of the traditional herb Epimedium, also known as Horny Goat Weed. It has been extensively studied throughout the past several years and is known to exert anti-oxidative, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. It is now being considered as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide variety of disorders, ranging from neoplasm to cardiovascular disease. More recent studies have shown that icariin exhibits potential preventive and/or therapeutic effects in the nervous system. For example, icariin can prevent the production of amyloid β (1-42) and inhibit the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariin has been shown to mitigate pro-inflammatory responses of microglia in culture and in animal models of cerebral ischemia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Icariin also prevents the neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ibotenic acid, and homocysteine. In addition, icariin is implicated in facilitating learning and memory in both normal aging animals and disease models. To date, we still have no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of icariin in the nervous system, though its roles in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. Here, we summarize the pharmacological development of icariin as well as its possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the nervous system in hope of expanding the knowledge about the preventive and/or therapeutic effect of icariin in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes lane, Piscataway, 08854 New Jersey, United States
| | - Xiaoying Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital, #999 Liangxi Road, Wu xi, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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29
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He D, An Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wu G, Chen L, Zhu G. RNA sequencing reveals target genes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats after the treatment of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Gene 2018; 672:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Beli E, Yan Y, Moldovan L, Vieira CP, Gao R, Duan Y, Prasad R, Bhatwadekar A, White FA, Townsend SD, Chan L, Ryan CN, Morton D, Moldovan EG, Chu FI, Oudit GY, Derendorf H, Adorini L, Wang XX, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Boulton ME, Yoder MC, Li Q, Levi M, Busik JV, Grant MB. Restructuring of the Gut Microbiome by Intermittent Fasting Prevents Retinopathy and Prolongs Survival in db/db Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:1867-1879. [PMID: 29712667 PMCID: PMC6110320 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) protects against the development of metabolic diseases and cancer, but whether it can prevent diabetic microvascular complications is not known. In db/db mice, we examined the impact of long-term IF on diabetic retinopathy (DR). Despite no change in glycated hemoglobin, db/db mice on the IF regimen displayed significantly longer survival and a reduction in DR end points, including acellular capillaries and leukocyte infiltration. We hypothesized that IF-mediated changes in the gut microbiota would produce beneficial metabolites and prevent the development of DR. Microbiome analysis revealed increased levels of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. Compared with db/db mice on ad libitum feeding, changes in the microbiome of the db/db mice on IF were associated with increases in gut mucin, goblet cell number, villi length, and reductions in plasma peptidoglycan. Consistent with the known modulatory effects of Firmicutes on bile acid (BA) metabolism, measurement of BAs demonstrated a significant increase of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), a neuroprotective BA, in db/db on IF but not in db/db on AL feeding. TGR5, the TUDCA receptor, was found in the retinal primary ganglion cells. Expression of TGR5 did not change with IF or diabetes. However, IF reduced retinal TNF-α mRNA, which is a downstream target of TGR5 activation. Pharmacological activation of TGR5 using INT-767 prevented DR in a second diabetic mouse model. These findings support the concept that IF prevents DR by restructuring the microbiota toward species producing TUDCA and subsequent retinal protection by TGR5 activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteroidetes/growth & development
- Bacteroidetes/immunology
- Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification
- Bile Acids and Salts/therapeutic use
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/complications
- Diabetic Retinopathy/immunology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
- Dysbiosis/complications
- Dysbiosis/microbiology
- Dysbiosis/pathology
- Dysbiosis/therapy
- Fasting
- Feces/microbiology
- Firmicutes/growth & development
- Firmicutes/immunology
- Firmicutes/isolation & purification
- Ganglia, Sensory/drug effects
- Ganglia, Sensory/immunology
- Ganglia, Sensory/metabolism
- Ganglia, Sensory/pathology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Goblet Cells/drug effects
- Goblet Cells/immunology
- Goblet Cells/metabolism
- Goblet Cells/pathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/immunology
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Microvessels/pathology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Retina/drug effects
- Retina/immunology
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Retinal Vessels/drug effects
- Retinal Vessels/immunology
- Retinal Vessels/metabolism
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Survival Analysis
- Verrucomicrobia/growth & development
- Verrucomicrobia/immunology
- Verrucomicrobia/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Beli
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Leni Moldovan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cristiano P Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ruli Gao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ashay Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang-I Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
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31
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Baba K, Ribelayga CP, Michael Iuvone P, Tosini G. The Retinal Circadian Clock and Photoreceptor Viability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1074:345-350. [PMID: 29721962 PMCID: PMC6003627 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in most living organisms, and these rhythms are not just a consequence of the day/night fluctuation, but rather they are generated by endogenous biological clocks with a periodicity of about 24 h. In mammals, the master pacemaker of circadian rhythms is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN controls circadian rhythms in peripheral organs. The retina also contains circadian clocks which regulate many aspects of retinal physiology, independently of the SCN. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that the retinal circadian clocks also affect ocular health, and a few studies have now demonstrated that disruption of retinal clocks may contribute to the development of retinal diseases. Our study indicates that in mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1, photoreceptor viability during aging is significantly reduced. Bmal1 knockout mice at 8-9 months of age have 20-30% less nuclei in the outer nuclear layer. No differences were observed in the other retinal layers. Our study suggests that the retinal circadian clock is an important modulator of photoreceptor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Baba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Morehouse School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Morehouse School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Bhatwadekar AD, Duan Y, Korah M, Thinschmidt JS, Hu P, Leley SP, Caballero S, Shaw L, Busik J, Grant MB. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor involvement in retinal microvascular repair during diabetes: Implications for bone marrow rejuvenation. Vision Res 2017; 139:211-220. [PMID: 29042190 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread nature of diabetes affects all organ systems of an individual including the bone marrow. Long-term damage to the cellular and extracellular components of the bone marrow leads to a rapid decline in the bone marrow-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs) compartment. This review will highlight the importance of bone marrow microenvironment in maintaining bone marrow HS/PC populations and the contribution of these key populations in microvascular repair during the natural history of diabetes. The autonomic nervous system can initiate and propagate bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes. Systemic pharmacological strategies designed to protect the bone marrow-HS/PC population from diabetes induced-oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product accumulation represent a new approach to target diabetic retinopathy progression. Protecting HS/PCs ensures their participation in vascular repair and reduces the risk of vasogdegeneration occurring in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Ping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sameer P Leley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lynn Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julia Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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33
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Dopamine 2 Receptor Activation Entrains Circadian Clocks in Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5103. [PMID: 28698578 PMCID: PMC5505969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the physiological, cellular, and molecular rhythms that are present within the eye are under the control of circadian clocks. Experimental evidence suggests that the retinal circadian clock, or its output signals (e.g., dopamine and melatonin), may contribute to eye disease and pathology. We recently developed a retinal pigment ephithelium (RPE)-choroid preparation to monitor the circadian clock using PERIOD2 (PER2)::LUC knock-in mouse. In this study we report that dopamine, but not melatonin, is responsible for entrainment of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythm in mouse RPE-choroid. Dopamine induced phase-advances of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythm during the subjective day and phase-delays in the late subjective night. We found that dopamine acts exclusively through Dopamine 2 Receptors to entrain the circadian rhythm in PER2::LUC bioluminescence. Finallly, we found that DA-induced expression of core circadian clock genes Period1 and Period2 accompanied both phase advances and phase delays of the RPE-choroid clock, thus suggesting that - as in other tissues - the rapid induction of these circadian clock genes drives the resetting process. Since the RPE cells persist for the entire lifespan of an organism, we believe that RPE-choroid preparation may represent a new and unique tool to study the effects of circadian disruption during aging.
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34
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Bhatwadekar AD, Beli E, Diao Y, Chen J, Luo Q, Alex A, Caballero S, Dominguez JM, Salazar TE, Busik JV, Segal MS, Grant MB. Conditional Deletion of Bmal1 Accentuates Microvascular and Macrovascular Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1426-1435. [PMID: 28432873 PMCID: PMC5455061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (BMAL)-1 constitutes a major transcriptional regulator of the circadian clock. Here, we explored the impact of conditional deletion of Bmal1 in endothelium and hematopoietic cells in murine models of microvascular and macrovascular injury. We used two models of Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice, a retinal ischemia/reperfusion model and a neointimal hyperplasia model of the femoral artery. Eyes were enumerated for acellular capillaries and were stained for oxidative damage markers using nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry. LSK (lineage-negative, stem cell antigen-1-positive, c-Kit-positive) cells were quantified and proliferation assessed. Hematopoiesis is influenced by innervation to the bone marrow, which we assessed using IHC analysis. The number of acellular capillaries increased threefold, and nitrotyrosine staining increased 1.5-fold, in the retinas of Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice. The number of LSK cells from the Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice decreased by 1.5-fold and was accompanied by a profound decrease in proliferative potential. Bmal1fx/fx;Tek-Cre mice also exhibited evidence of bone marrow denervation, demonstrating a loss of neurofilament-200 staining. Injured femoral arteries showed a 20% increase in neointimal hyperplasia compared with similarly injured wild-type controls. Our study highlights the importance of the circadian clock in maintaining vascular homeostasis and demonstrates that specific deletion of BMAL1 in endothelial and hematopoietic cells results in phenotypic features similar to those of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yanpeng Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alpha Alex
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James M Dominguez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tatiana E Salazar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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35
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Kady N, Yan Y, Salazar T, Wang Q, Chakravarthy H, Huang C, Beli E, Navitskaya S, Grant M, Busik J. Increase in acid sphingomyelinase level in human retinal endothelial cells and CD34 + circulating angiogenic cells isolated from diabetic individuals is associated with dysfunctional retinal vasculature and vascular repair process in diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:694-703. [PMID: 28457994 PMCID: PMC5492962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease that results from retinal vascular degeneration and defective repair due to diabetes-induced endothelial progenitor dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Understanding key molecular factors involved in vascular degeneration and repair is paramount for developing effective diabetic retinopathy treatment strategies. We propose that diabetes-induced activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) plays essential role in retinal endothelial and CD34+ circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) dysfunction in diabetes. METHODS Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) isolated from control and diabetic donor tissue and human CD34+ CACs from control and diabetic patients were used in this study. ASM messenger RNA and protein expression were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. To evaluate the effect of diabetes-induced ASM on HRECs and CD34+ CACs function, tube formation, CAC incorporation into endothelial tubes, and diurnal release of CD34+ CACs in diabetic individuals were determined. RESULTS ASM expression level was significantly increased in HRECs isolated from diabetic compared with control donor tissue, as well as CD34+ CACs and plasma of diabetic patients. A significant decrease in tube area was observed in HRECs from diabetic donors compared with control HRECs. The tube formation deficiency was associated with increased expression of ASM in diabetic HRECs. Moreover, diabetic CD34+ CACs with high ASM showed defective incorporation into endothelial tubes. Diurnal release of CD34+ CACs was disrupted with the rhythmicity lost in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings support that diabetes-induced ASM upregulation has a marked detrimental effect on both retinal endothelial cells and CACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kady
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Salazar
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Chao Huang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Maria Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Julia Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Tsang AH, Astiz M, Leinweber B, Oster H. Rodent Models for the Analysis of Tissue Clock Function in Metabolic Rhythms Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28243224 PMCID: PMC5304405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system consists on a distributed network of cellular clocks that together coordinate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior. Clock function and metabolism are tightly coupled, from the cellular to the organismal level. Genetic and non-genetic approaches in rodents have been employed to study circadian clock function in the living organism. Due to the ubiquitous expression of clock genes and the intricate interaction between the circadian system and energy metabolism, genetic approaches targeting specific tissue clocks have been used to assess their contribution in systemic metabolic processes. However, special requirements regarding specificity and efficiency have to be met to allow for valid conclusions from such studies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of different approaches developed for dissecting tissue clock function in the metabolic context in rodents, compare their strengths and weaknesses, and suggest new strategies in assessing tissue clock output and the consequences of circadian clock disruption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Henrik Oster,
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Shang X, Pati P, Anea CB, Fulton DJ, Rudic RD. Differential Regulation of BMAL1, CLOCK, and Endothelial Signaling in the Aortic Arch and Ligated Common Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:269-278. [PMID: 27923220 PMCID: PMC5765856 DOI: 10.1159/000452410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is rhythmically expressed in blood vessels, but the interaction between the circadian clock and disturbed blood flow remains unclear. We examined the relationships between BMAL1 and CLOCK and 2 regulators of endothelial function, AKT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), in vascular regions of altered blood flow. We found that the aortic arch from WT mice exhibited reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated relaxation relative to the thoracic aorta. In Clock-mutant (mut) mice the aorta exhibited a reduced sensitivity to Ach. In WT mice, the phosphorylated forms of eNOS and AKT were decreased in the aortic arch, while BMAL1 and CLOCK expression followed a similar pattern of reduction in the arch. In conditions of surgically induced flow reduction, phosphorylated-eNOS (serine 1177) increased, as did p-AKT in the ipsilateral left common carotid artery (LC) of WT mice. Similarly, BMAL1 and CLOCK exhibited increased expression after 5 days in the remodeled LC. eNOS expression was increased at 8 p.m. versus 8 a.m. in WT mice, and this pattern was abolished in mut and Bmal1-KO mice. These data suggest that the circadian clock may be a biomechanical and temporal sensor that acts to coordinate timing, flow dynamics, and endothelial function.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, External/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, External/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, External/surgery
- Circadian Rhythm
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genotype
- Ligation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutation
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Vasodilation
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ciprian B. Anea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David J.R. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Jadhav V, Luo Q, M. Dominguez J, Al-Sabah J, Chaqour B, Grant MB, Bhatwadekar AD. Per2-Mediated Vascular Dysfunction Is Caused by the Upregulation of the Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163367. [PMID: 27662578 PMCID: PMC5035004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Period 2-mutant mice (Per2m/m), which possess a circadian dysfunction, recapitulate the retinal vascular phenotype similar to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The vascular dysfunction in Per2m/m is associated with an increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2). At the molecular level, CTGF gene expression is dependent on the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The nuclear binding of β-catenin to a transcription factor, lymphoid enhancer binding protein (Lef)/ T-cell factor (TCF/LEF), leads to downstream activation of CTGF. For this study, we hypothesized that the silencing of Per2 results in nuclear translocation and subsequent transactivation of the CTGF gene. To test this hypothesis, we performed immunofluorescence labeling for CTGF in retinal sections from wild-type (WT) and Per2m/m mice. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were transfected with siRNA for Per2, and the protein expression of CTGF and β-catenin was evaluated. The TCF/LEF luciferase reporter (TOPflash) assay was performed to validate the involvement of β-catenin in the activation of CTGF. Per2m/m retinas exhibited an increased CTGF immunostaining in ganglion cell layer and retinal endothelium. Silencing of Per2 using siRNA resulted in an upregulation of CTGF and β-catenin. The TOPflash assay revealed an increase in luminescence for HRECs transfected with Per2 siRNA. Our studies show that loss of Per2 results in an activation of CTGF via nuclear entry of β-catenin. Our study provides novel insight into the understanding of microvascular dysfunction in Per2m/m mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Jadhav
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James M. Dominguez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jude Al-Sabah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ashay D. Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lahouaoui H, Coutanson C, Cooper HM, Bennis M, Dkhissi-Benyahya O. Diabetic retinopathy alters light-induced clock gene expression and dopamine levels in the mouse retina. Mol Vis 2016; 22:959-69. [PMID: 27559292 PMCID: PMC4974849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common consequences of diabetes that affects millions of working-age adults worldwide and leads to progressive degeneration of the retina, visual loss, and blindness. Diabetes is associated with circadian disruption of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, but the mechanisms responsible for such alterations are unknown. Using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes, we investigated whether diabetes alters 1) the circadian regulation of clock genes in the retina and in the central clocks, 2) the light response of clock genes in the retina, and/or 3) light-driven retinal dopamine (DA), a major output marker of the retinal clock. METHODS To quantify circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes, retinas and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) from the same animals were collected every 4 h in circadian conditions, 12 weeks post-diabetes. Induction of Per1, Per2, and c-fos mRNAs was quantified in the retina after the administration of a pulse of monochromatic light (480 nm, 1.17×10(14) photons/cm(2)/s, 15 min) at circadian time 16. Gene expression was assessed with real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Pooled retinas from the control and STZ-diabetic mice were collected 2 h after light ON and light OFF (Zeitgeber time (ZT)2 and ZT14), and DA and its metabolite were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS We found variable effects of diabetes on the expression of clock genes in the retina and only slight differences in phase and/or amplitude in the SCN. c-fos and Per1 induction by a 480 nm light pulse was abolished in diabetic animals at 12 weeks post-induction of diabetes in comparison with the control mice, suggesting a deficit in light-induced neuronal activation of the retinal clock. Finally, we quantified a 56% reduction in the total number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive cells, associated with a decrease in DA levels during the subjective day (ZT2). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that diabetes affects the molecular machinery and the light response of the retinal clock and alters the light-driven retinal DA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Lahouaoui
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Christine Coutanson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Howard M. Cooper
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
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Wert KJ, Mahajan VB, Zhang L, Yan Y, Li Y, Tosi J, Hsu CW, Nagasaki T, Janisch KM, Grant MB, Mahajan M, Bassuk AG, Tsang SH. Neuroretinal hypoxic signaling in a new preclinical murine model for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1. [PMID: 27195131 PMCID: PMC4868361 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects approximately one-third of diabetic patients and, if left untreated, progresses to proliferative DR (PDR) with associated vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, iris neovascularization, glaucoma and irreversible blindness. In vitreous samples of human patients with PDR, we found elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). HIFs are transcription factors that promote hypoxia adaptation and have important functional roles in a wide range of ischemic and inflammatory diseases. To recreate the human PDR phenotype for a preclinical animal model, we generated a mouse with neuroretinal-specific loss of the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein, a protein that targets HIF1α for ubiquitination. We found that the neuroretinal cells in these mice overexpressed HIF1α and developed severe, irreversible ischemic retinopathy that has features of human PDR. Rapid progression of retinopathy in these mutant mice should facilitate the evaluation of therapeutic agents for ischemic and inflammatory blinding disorders. In addition, this model system can be used to manipulate the modulation of the hypoxia signaling pathways, for the treatment of non-ocular ischemic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Wert
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yao Li
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joaquin Tosi
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun Wei Hsu
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerstin M Janisch
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - MaryAnn Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Stephen H Tsang
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory and Barbara & Donald Jonas Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Ocular clocks, first identified in the retina, are also found in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), cornea, and ciliary body. The retina is a complex tissue of many cell types and considerable effort has gone into determining which cell types exhibit clock properties. Current data suggest that photoreceptors as well as inner retinal neurons exhibit clock properties with photoreceptors dominating in nonmammalian vertebrates and inner retinal neurons dominating in mice. However, these differences may in part reflect the choice of circadian output, and it is likely that clock properties are widely dispersed among many retinal cell types. The phase of the retinal clock can be set directly by light. In nonmammalian vertebrates, direct light sensitivity is commonplace among body clocks, but in mice only the retina and cornea retain direct light-dependent phase regulation. This distinguishes the retina and possibly other ocular clocks from peripheral oscillators whose phase depends on the pace-making properties of the hypothalamic central brain clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). However, in mice, retinal circadian oscillations dampen quickly in isolation due to weak coupling of its individual cell-autonomous oscillators, and there is no evidence that retinal clocks are directly controlled through input from other oscillators. Retinal circadian regulation in both mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates uses melatonin and dopamine as dark- and light-adaptive neuromodulators, respectively, and light can regulate circadian phase indirectly through dopamine signaling. The melatonin/dopamine system appears to have evolved among nonmammalian vertebrates and retained with modification in mammals. Circadian clocks in the eye are critical for optimum visual function where they play a role fine tuning visual sensitivity, and their disruption can affect diseases such as glaucoma or retinal degeneration syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Besharse
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Kadono M, Nakanishi N, Yamazaki M, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, Fukui M. Various patterns of disrupted daily rest-activity rhythmicity associated with diabetes. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:426-37. [PMID: 26853999 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms have now been recognized as common comorbidities in patients with medical illnesses. We aimed to determine if the diurnal rhythms for rest and activity were disrupted in parallel with the development of diabetic complications. Ninety outpatients in our diabetes clinic who had a body mass index <25 kg m(2) wore an actigraph for 7 consecutive days (42 men; mean age 68.7 ± 8.2 years). Patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or blindness, or those who performed shiftwork were excluded. We grouped the actigraph recordings into 1-h periods and counted the number of minutes that showed activity. Stepwise regression analysis showed an association between a diabetic clinical background and measurements of circadian rhythms such as daytime activity, night-time activity, phase, interdaily stability, intradaily variability and relative amplitude. Higher age, body mass index, total cholesterol levels and insulin usage were associated with lower daytime activity and higher intradaily variability, whereas higher haemoglobin A1c levels and the presence of neuropathy were associated with greater daytime activity. The presence of proliferative retinopathy and increased levels of microalbuminuria were associated with higher intradaily variability and lower interdaily stability and amplitude. The presence of cardiovascular disease was associated with advanced phase, whereas painful neuropathy was associated with delayed phase. Our study demonstrated that different diabetic complications were associated independently with a variety of alterations in the circadian rest and activity rhythms. Our findings have provided novel insights that may be helpful in developing interventions for sleep-wake disorders associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kadono
- Division of Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Goji Hasegawa
- Division of Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Saiseikai Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Yoshimura T, Muragaki Y. DEC1 and DEC2 Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Progression. J Cancer 2016; 7:153-9. [PMID: 26819638 PMCID: PMC4716847 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, major regulators of circadian rhythm, are involved in tumor progression. We have shown that clock genes basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1/BHLHE40/Sharp2/Stra13) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia response, various stresses, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Various stresses, such as exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), hypoxia, cytokines, serum-free, and anti-tumor drugs affect DEC1 and DEC2 expression. An increased or decreased expression of DEC1 and DEC2 regulated tumor progression. However, DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects in tumor progression, where the reason behind remains unclear. We found that DEC2 has circadian expression in implanted mouse sarcoma cells, suggesting that DEC2 regulates tumor progression under circadian rhythm. In addition to that, we showed that DEC1 and DEC2 regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback system in tumor progression. We propose that DEC1 and DEC2 act as an accelerator or a brake in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current progress of knowledge in the function of DEC1 and DEC2 genes in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Circadian Rhythms, and AMD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7420637. [PMID: 26885250 PMCID: PMC4738726 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7420637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews concepts regarding oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which endogenous and exogenous factors produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also surveys the relationships between oxidative stress, circadian rhythms, and retinal damage in humans, particularly those related to light and photodamage. In the first section, the production of ROS by different cell organelles and biomolecules and the antioxidant mechanisms that antagonize this damage are reviewed. The second section includes a brief review of circadian clocks and their relationship with the cellular redox state. In the third part of this work, the relationship between retinal damage and ROS is described. The last part of this work focuses on retinal degenerative pathology, age-related macular degeneration, and the relationships between this pathology, ROS, and light. Finally, the possible interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), circadian rhythms, and this pathology are discussed.
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Bhatwadekar AD, Yan Y, Stepps V, Hazra S, Korah M, Bartelmez S, Chaqour B, Grant MB. miR-92a Corrects CD34+ Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes by Modulating Core Circadian Genes Involved in Progenitor Differentiation. Diabetes 2015; 64:4226-37. [PMID: 26283734 PMCID: PMC4876760 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autologous CD34(+) cells are widely used for vascular repair; however, in individuals with diabetes and microvascular disease these cells are dysfunctional. In this study, we examine expression of the clock genes Clock, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 in CD34(+) cells of diabetic and nondiabetic origin and determine the small encoding RNA (miRNA) profile of these cells. The degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed. As CD34(+) cells acquired mature endothelial markers, they exhibit robust oscillations of clock genes. siRNA treatment of CD34(+) cells revealed Per2 as the only clock gene necessary to maintain the undifferentiated state of CD34(+) cells. Twenty-five miRNAs targeting clock genes were identified. Three of the miRNAs (miR-18b, miR-16, and miR-34c) were found only in diabetic progenitors. The expression of the Per2-regulatory miRNA, miR-92a, was markedly reduced in CD34(+) cells from individuals with DR compared with control subjects and patients with diabetes with no DR. Restoration of miR-92a levels in CD34(+) cells from patients with diabetes with DR reduced the inflammatory phenotype of these cells and the diabetes-induced propensity toward myeloid differentiation. Our studies suggest that restoring levels of miR-92a could enhance the usefulness of CD34(+) cells in autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Sugata Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Wen M, Jiang X, She H, Han C, Pei Z, Cai Y, Zhang T. The Per2polymorphism rs10462023 is associated with the risk of stroke in a Chinese population. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1026675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Simó R, Hernández C. Novel approaches for treating diabetic retinopathy based on recent pathogenic evidence. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 48:160-80. [PMID: 25936649 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains as a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Current treatments target late stages of DR when vision has already been significantly affected. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of DR would permit the development of more efficient preventional/interventional strategies against early stages of DR. In this article a critical review of the state of the art of this issue is provided along with a discussion of problems which have yet to be overcome. Neuroprotection as a new approach for the treatment of the early stages of DR has been particularly emphasized. The development and progression of DR is not homogeneous and, apart from blood glucose levels and blood pressure, it depends on genetic factors which remain to be elucidated. In addition, the role of the pathogenic pathways is not the same in all patients. All these factors should be taken into account in the near future when an individualized oriented treatment for DR could become feasible. The new techniques in retinal imaging acquisition, the identification of useful circulating biomarkers and the individualized analysis of biological samples could facilitate the development of early and personalized therapy in the setting of DR. Finally, it should be noted that only a coordinated action among ophthalmologists, diabetologists, basic researchers, experts in pharmaco-economics and health care providers addressed to the design of rational strategies targeting prevention and the early stages of DR will be effective in reducing the burden and improving the clinical outcome of this devastating complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Hernández
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Agapito MA, Zhang C, Murugan S, Sarkar DK. Fetal alcohol exposure disrupts metabolic signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons via a circadian mechanism in male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2578-88. [PMID: 24797626 PMCID: PMC4060182 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early-life ethanol feeding (ELAF) alters the metabolic function of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-producing neurons and the circadian expression of clock regulatory genes in the hypothalamus. We investigated whether the circadian mechanisms control the action of ELAF on metabolic signaling genes in POMC neurons. Gene expression measurements of Pomc and a selected group of metabolic signaling genes, Stat3, Sirt1, Pgc1-α, and Asb4 in laser-captured microdissected POMC neurons in the hypothalamus of POMC-enhanced green fluorescent protein mice showed circadian oscillations under light/dark and constant darkness conditions. Ethanol programmed these neurons such that the adult expression of Pomc, Stat3, Sirt, and Asb4 gene transcripts became arrhythmic. In addition, ELAF dampened the circadian peak of gene expression of Bmal1, Per1, and Per2 in POMC neurons. We crossed Per2 mutant mice with transgenic POMC-enhanced green fluorescent protein mice to determine the role of circadian mechanism in ELAF-altered metabolic signaling in POMC neurons. We found that ELAF failed to alter arrhythmic expression of most circadian genes, with the exception of the Bmal1 gene and metabolic signaling regulating genes in Per2 mutant mice. Comparison of the ELAF effects on the circadian blood glucose in wild-type and Per2 mutant mice revealed that ELAF dampened the circadian peak of glucose, whereas the Per2 mutation shifted the circadian cycle and prevented the ELAF dampening of the glucose peak. These data suggest the possibility that the Per2 gene mutation may regulate the ethanol actions on Pomc and the metabolic signaling genes in POMC neurons in the hypothalamus by blocking circadian mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Agapito
- Endocrine Program (M.A.A., C.Z., S.M., D.K.S.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.A.A.), Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (C.Z.), and Department of Animal Sciences (S.M., D.K.S.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Abstract
Humans as diurnal beings are active during the day and rest at night. This daily oscillation of behavior and physiology is driven by an endogenous circadian clock not environmental cues. In modern societies, changes in lifestyle have led to a frequent disruption of the endogenous circadian homeostasis leading to increased risk of various diseases including cancer. The clock is operated by the feedback loops of circadian genes and controls daily physiology by coupling cell proliferation and metabolism, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in peripheral tissues with physical activity, energy homeostasis, immune and neuroendocrine functions at the organismal level. Recent studies have revealed that defects in circadian genes due to targeted gene ablation in animal models or single nucleotide polymorphism, deletion, deregulation and/or epigenetic silencing in humans are closely associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythm can disrupt the molecular clock in peripheral tissues in the absence of circadian gene mutations. Circadian disruption has recently been recognized as an independent cancer risk factor. Further study of the mechanism of clock-controlled tumor suppression will have a significant impact on human health by improving the efficiencies of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/ Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
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Wang Q, Tikhonenko M, Bozack SN, Lydic TA, Yan L, Panchy NL, Mcsorley KM, Faber MS, Yan Y, Boulton ME, Grant MB, Busik JV. Changes in the daily rhythm of lipid metabolism in the diabetic retina. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95028. [PMID: 24736612 PMCID: PMC3988159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian regulation was recently shown to cause diabetes and metabolic disease. We have previously demonstrated that retinal lipid metabolism contributed to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes on circadian regulation of clock genes and lipid metabolism genes in the retina and retinal endothelial cells (REC). Diabetes had a pronounced inhibitory effect on the negative clock arm with lower amplitude of the period (per) 1 in the retina; lower amplitude and a phase shift of per2 in the liver; and a loss of cryptochrome (cry) 2 rhythmic pattern in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The positive clock arm was increased by diabetes with higher amplitude of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (bmal1) and phase shift in bmal1 rhythmic oscillations in the retina; and higher bmal1 amplitude in the SCN. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α exhibited rhythmic oscillation in retina and liver; PPARγ had lower amplitude in diabetic liver; sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp) 1c had higher amplitude in the retina but lower in the liver in STZ- induced diabetic animals. Both of Elongase (Elovl) 2 and Elovl4 had a rhythmic oscillation pattern in the control retina. Diabetic retinas lost Elovl4 rhythmic oscillation and had lower amplitude of Elovl2 oscillations. In line with the in vivo data, circadian expression levels of CLOCK, bmal1 and srebp1c had higher amplitude in rat REC (rREC) isolated from diabetic rats compared with control rats, while PPARγ and Elovl2 had lower amplitude in diabetic rREC. In conclusion, diabetes causes dysregulation of circadian expression of clock genes and the genes controlling lipid metabolism in the retina with potential implications for the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maria Tikhonenko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Svetlana N. Bozack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology Social Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicholas L. Panchy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Mcsorley
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Faber
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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