1
|
El-Demerdash AA, Darwish SF, El-Derany MO, El-Demerdash E. Dapagliflozin targets the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy, and Hedgehog signaling pathways through AMPK activation in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2025:10.1007/s10787-025-01750-w. [PMID: 40350466 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-025-01750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune disorder, causes joint capsule, cartilage, and bone damage. Dapagliflozin, a novel antidiabetic drug, demonstrated promising effects against different disorders. Herein, we aimed to detect the dose-dependent antiarthritic impact of dapagliflozin alone and in combination with methotrexate standard treatment. Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats were treated with three doses of dapagliflozin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 3 weeks, in which 10 mg dose showed eminent anti-arthritic effects according to gait score, paw diameter, arthritic index (AI), morphological and histological results. To reveal dapagliflozin mechanism, locomotor, biochemical, and histological measures were assessed in dapagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day) and/or methotrexate (0.75 mg/kg/week, i.p.)-treated arthritic rats. Radiography and histology confirmed the prominent anti-arthritic effect of dapagliflozin via reduced RF, MMP-1, and MMP-3, and improved gait score, ankle diameter, and AI. Anti-inflammatory impact was confirmed by the downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κb p65 expression. Upregulation of autophagy was detected through; Beclin-1, ULK-1, and ATG-7, in dapagliflozin treated arthritic rats. Furtherly, dapagliflozin stimulated apoptotic activity, by boosting articular levels of CASP-3, CASP-9, cartilage gene expression of p53, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Interestingly, dapagliflozin upregulates p-AMPK/t-AMPK articular activity. Additionally, dapagliflozin inhibited the Hedgehog signaling pathway, through the downregulation of cartilage Shh, ptch1, Smo, and Gli-1 expression. Dapagliflozin/methotrexate combination therapy exhibited greater anti-arthritic benefits compared to methotrexate alone. These data highlight dapagliflozin as an anti-rheumatic drug, either alone or with methotrexate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya A El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abasia,, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohan V, Sethi B, Jain SM, Sahay R, Ramanathan B, Murthy S, Singh KP, Menon S, Gadekar A, Salvi V, Gandhi K. Multicenter, Phase 4 Clinical Study from India to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Glargine 300 U/ml in Insulin-Naïve People with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Oral Anti-hyperglycemic Drugs: SAFEGUARD Study. Diabetes Ther 2025:10.1007/s13300-025-01736-5. [PMID: 40338497 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-025-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical benefits of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) have been confirmed in randomized clinical trials (EDITION and BRIGHT) and real-world studies (ATOS, Toujeo-1, and ORION) in different regions of the world. However, safety data for the Indian population are lacking. The current post-marketing surveillance study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Gla-300 in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from India. METHODS SAFEGUARD was a multicenter, phase 4, single-arm, open-label, 24-week study conducted at 15 centers across India between August 10, 2021 and December 26, 2022. The study included insulin-naïve participants (aged ≥ 18 years) with T2D uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ 7.5% and ≤ 10%) on oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including serious adverse events (SAEs) and hypoglycemic episodes. RESULTS Of the 220 participants included, 218 (36.8% female) were eligible for efficacy analysis. The mean ± standard deviation age was 54.0 ± 9.6 years, the baseline HbA1c was 8.8 ± 0.9%, and the duration of T2D was 9.3 ± 7.0 years. Among the 220 participants who took at least one dose of Gla-300, 24.5% (n = 54) reported 64 TEAEs, which included one (0.5%) SAE. The most reported event was infections (10.9%). In total, 29.5% of participants (n = 65) reported a level 1 hypoglycemic event, and 27.7% of participants (n = 18) reported the main symptom of sweating. Glycemic control improved with reductions in mean HbA1c levels (- 1.14 ± 1.2%), fasting plasma glucose (- 37.0 ± 59.3 mg/dl), and fasting self-monitored blood glucose (- 52.0 ± 44.1 mg/dl) from baseline to week 24. CONCLUSIONS Gla-300 was well tolerated with improved glycemic control and a low hypoglycemia risk in insulin-naïve people with T2D living in India. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI number): CTRI/2021/07/035244. WHO identifier number: U1111-1255-5143. NCT number: NCT04980027.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Dr. Mohan'S Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No. 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600086, India.
| | - Bipin Sethi
- Care Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Sunil M Jain
- Totall Diabetes Hormone Institute, a Unit of Diabetes Thyroid Hormone Research Institute Pvt Ltd, BCM Health Island, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452010, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500095, India
| | - Balamurugan Ramanathan
- Kovai Diabetes Speciality Centre and Hospital, Ram Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641009, India
| | - Sreenivasa Murthy
- Lifecare Hospital and Research Centre, Sahakaranagara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560092, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haddad JA, Annabi FOA, Abbasi H, AlSamen MAA, Ammari FL, Haddad FH, Haddad SE, Jaradat M, Khassawneh A, Khatib N, Magableh A, Al-Mousa E. The Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Jordan: The PACT-MEA Study. Diabetes Ther 2025; 16:899-913. [PMID: 40106223 PMCID: PMC12006624 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-025-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the prevalence and clinical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and ASCVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Jordan. METHODS PACT-MEA (NCT05317845) was a non-interventional, cross-sectional, observational study of adults with T2D recruited in seven countries across the Middle East and Africa. In Jordan, assessments were conducted at ten sites, three in primary care and seven in secondary care settings. RESULTS The Jordan cohort included 576 individuals (27.8% primary care, 72.2% secondary care settings), similarly represented by male and female patients, with a mean age of 59.7 ± 11.7 years and a median duration of diabetes of 10.0 years. The prevalence of established ASCVD (eASCVD) was 26.2% overall (95% CI: 22.8-30.0) and 21.9% and 27.9% in primary care and secondary care settings, respectively (95% CI: 16.1-28.9, 23.8-32.4), higher than that observed in the regional PACT-MEA analysis. By the European Society of Cardiology 2021 criteria, 66.0% of patients were classified as high risk and 33.3% as very high risk (which included eASCVD). Use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, statins, and cardioprotective antidiabetic medication was higher in secondary care settings. None of the participants achieved all guideline recommendations with respect to risk factor control, body mass index, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS More than one-quarter of patients with T2D in Jordan had ASCVD, and nearly all were at high/very high ASCVD risk. These findings suggest a need for multifactorial approaches to risk reduction in this population within Jordan in both primary and secondary care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov ; Unique identifier: NCT05317845.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihad A Haddad
- Bader Medical Complex, Suleiman Al-Hadidi St. 19, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | | | | | - Fawaz L Ammari
- Jordan University for Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Adi Khassawneh
- Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao VV, Shanti KN. Molecular interaction profiling and binding dynamics of Cinnamomum zeylanicum phytochemicals with human pancreatic amylase. J Mol Graph Model 2025; 136:108938. [PMID: 39761621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, remains a critical global health challenge. Inhibition of human pancreatic alpha-amylase, a key enzyme catalyzing carbohydrate digestion, is a promising approach to manage postprandial glucose levels. Cinnamomum zeylanicum, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic potential, harbors bioactive compounds that can act as natural alpha-amylase inhibitors, though their mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, molecular docking and 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of 18 phytochemicals derived from Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Two lead compounds, 1HE (1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethylnaphthalene) and C4B (cis-4-Benzyl-2,6-diphenyl-tetrahydropyran), exhibited superior binding affinities (-7.91 and -8.78 kcal/mol, respectively) compared to the FDA-approved inhibitors, acarbose (-8.2 kcal/mol) and miglitol (-5.6 kcal/mol). MD simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, with RMSD values of 0.21 ± 0.02 nm for 1HE and 0.24 ± 0.03 nm for C4B, showing minimal structural deviations. Structural analyses, including radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), revealed stable and compact protein-ligand conformations. Notably, free energy landscape (FEL) analysis indicated that C4B induces multiple metastable states, suggesting a dynamic inhibitory mechanism potentially involving allosteric regulation. These results highlight 1HE and C4B as promising natural inhibitors with favorable stability, binding characteristics, and inhibitory mechanisms. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate their therapeutic potential as safe and effective alternatives for diabetes management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vishwanadham Rao
- Department of Chemistry, MES College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bengaluru 560003, India; Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bengaluru 560085, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chou LN, Raji MA, Holmes HM, Kuo YF. Impact of antidiabetic medication type on a new episode of depression: a retrospective cohort study in Texas, USA. BMJ Open 2025; 15:e087694. [PMID: 40268489 PMCID: PMC12020767 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between antidiabetic medication type and a new episode of depression using 100% Texas Medicare database during 2009 and 2018. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A population-based study using the Texas Medicare data. INTERVENTIONS 11 common antihyperglycaemic medication types, alone and in combinations: metformin-only, five non-metformin-containing regimens (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) only, sulfonylureas (SU) only, thiazolidinediones (TZD) only, SU/DPP4i and SU/TZD) and five metformin-containing combination treatments (metformin/DPP4i, metformin/SU, metformin/TZD, metformin/SU/DPP4i and metformin/SU/TZD). PARTICIPANTS This study included 59 057 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from a cohort of Texas Medicare beneficiaries who were aged ≥66 years, had consistent diabetes medication intake, were not diagnosed with depression or prescribed antidepressants during the 2-year look-back period and received regular care from Medicare providers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was a new episode of depression, identified by a new depression diagnosis during the follow-up period. RESULTS A total of 59 057 T2D patients (mean (SD) age, 75.4 (6.4) years; 30 798 (52.1%) female) were followed up to 96 months. Of these, 22.5% patients had a new episode of depression at the 5-year follow-up. Compared with the metformin-only group, patients in the non-metformin-containing regimens had a higher risk of new episode depression (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.30 for DPP4i-only; HR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12 for SU-only), but there was no significant difference among patients receiving metformin-containing combination therapy. Metformin/TZD and metformin/SU/DPP4i combination treatments had a lower risk of new episodes of depression than metformin-only (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99 and HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.98 separately). The same direction of association was observed in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective cohort study found that T2D patients treated with metformin/TZD and metformin/SU/DPP4i had the lowest risk of new episodes of depression. These findings suggest that certain combinations of metformin with other antidiabetic medications may be associated with a reduced risk of new-onset depression. Therefore, it could be beneficial to incorporate depression risk evaluation into routine diabetes care and consider it in the decision-making process for diabetes medication types, especially when deprescribing metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Na Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mukaila A Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Division, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Holly M Holmes
- Geriatric Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Division, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lazrak S, Ouaouda O, Bektachi J, Iraqi MA, El Khabbaz C, Cherrah Y. Comparative Bioequivalence Study of 2 Fixed-Dose Combinations of Vildagliptin and Metformin at a Tablet Strength of 50/1000 mg in Moroccan Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2025. [PMID: 40255095 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
This study evaluates the bioequivalence of 2 fixed-dose combinations of vildagliptin (50 mg) and metformin (1000 mg) in healthy Moroccan volunteers. A single-dose, randomized, simple-blind, 2-sequence, 2-period crossover design was conducted with 30 participants, 28 of whom completed the study. The test product was compared to the reference product (by measuring pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable time point, AUC from time zero extrapolated to infinity, and time to maximum concentration. Blood samples were collected at predefined intervals after dosing, and plasma concentrations of vildagliptin and metformin were determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed comparable results between the 2 formulations. Both products met the bioequivalence criteria of 80%-125% for maximum plasma concentration and AUC. Safety assessments revealed no serious adverse events, and both products were well tolerated. The study concluded that the test product is bioequivalent to the reference, supporting its therapeutic interchangeability in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Lazrak
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
- Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences (UIASS), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Ouaouda
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
- Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences (UIASS), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jalal Bektachi
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ali Iraqi
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
- Cheikh Zaid International University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Choukri El Khabbaz
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahya Cherrah
- Center for Bioequivalence Studies of the Sheikh Zaid Foundation, Rabat, Morocco
- Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences (UIASS), Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsai CT, Lu YW, Huang WC, Huang SS, Teng HI, Tsai YL, Lee WL, Lu TM. Revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusion in patients with end stage renal disease. Sci Rep 2025; 15:13472. [PMID: 40251191 PMCID: PMC12008404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Chronic total occlusion (CTO) was frequently observed during coronary angiography. Successful revascularization of chronic total occlusion showed controversial result on long-term survival in previous studies. There is scarce report about long-term outcome of successful recanalization of CTO in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving renal replacement therapy. This is a retrospective study conducted in two tertiary medical centers (Taipei and Taichung Veterans General hospitals) in Taiwan. From January 2005 to December 2016, a total of 47,784 patients received coronary angiography in these centers. Among them, 216 patients with ESRD who were found to have CTO lesions during coronary angiography received revascularization. Revascularization was succeeded in 163 patients (75%). Patients were followed up for three years. Successful revascularization was associated with lesser major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) at 3 year (hazard ratio (HR) 0.518, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.332-0.810, p = 0.004), better survival at 3 years (HR 0.502, 95% CI 0.314-0.800, p = 0.004) and improved cardiovascular death (HR 0.449, 95% CI 0.223-0.902, p = 0.025). In multivariate analysis, successful revascularization remained independent predictor of three-years MACE (HR 0.588, 95% CI 0.369-0.939, p = 0.026) irrespective of age, gender, serum hemoglobin level, co-morbidities such as peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus and medications such as beta blocker and statin. In patients on renal replacement therapy, successful recanalization of chronic total occlusion reduced MACE at 3 years compared to those failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Tsai Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Teng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khademi Z, Mottaghi-Dastjerdi N, Morad H, Sahebkar A. The role of CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR interference technologies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2025; 24:103816. [PMID: 40221070 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders can be described as inappropriate immune responses directed against self-antigens, which account for substantial healthcare concerns around the world. Immunosuppression or immune modulation are the main therapeutic modalities for autoimmune disorders. These modalities, however, impair the ability of the immune system to fight against infections, thereby predisposing to opportunistic diseases. This review explores existing therapies for autoimmune disorders, highlighting their limitations and challenges. Additionally, it describes the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology as a novel therapeutic approach to address these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khademi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Morad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, Punjab, India; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng W, Wu H, Ma H, Yin Y, Tao Z, Lu S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Wan C, Liu Y. Deep learning based prediction of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using regional electronic health records. Int J Med Inform 2025; 196:105801. [PMID: 39889672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health conditions among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who exhibit unique vulnerabilities and etiologies. However, existing approaches fail to fully utilize regional heterogeneous electronic health record (EHR) data. Integrating this data can provide a more comprehensive understanding of depression and anxiety in T2DM patients, leading to more personalized treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning model, the Regional EHR for Depression and Anxiety Prediction Model (REDAPM), using regional EHR data to predict depression and anxiety in patients with T2DM. METHODS A case-control development and validation study was conducted using regional EHR data from the Nanjing Health Information Center (NHIC). Two retrospective, matched (1:3) datasets were constructed from the full cohort for the model's internal and external validation. These two datasets were selected from the NHIC data of 2020 and 2022, respectively. The REDAPM incorporates both structured and unstructured EHR data, capturing the temporal dependency of clinical events. The performance of REDAPM was compared to a set of baseline models, evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC). Subgroup, ablation, and interpretation analyses were conducted to identify relevant clinical features available from EHRs. RESULTS The internal and external validation datasets comprised 24,724 and 34,340 patients, respectively. The REDAPM outperformed baseline models in both datasets, achieving ROC-AUC scores of 0.9029±0.008 and 0.7360±0.005, and PR-AUC scores of 0.8124±0.011 and 0.5504±0.009. Ablation and subgroup experiments confirmed the significant contribution of patients' medical history text to the model's performance. Integrated gradient score analysis identified the predictive importance of other mental disorders. CONCLUSION The REDAPM effectively leverages the heterogeneous characteristics of regional EHR data, demonstrating strong predictive performance for depression onset in diabetic patients. It also shows potential for discovering significant clinical features, indicating considerable promise for clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Information, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghan Wu
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechuchu Yin
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhuan Tao
- Nanjing Health Information Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
İşleyen EK, Özdemir İN, Yoldemır ŞA. The effect of tele-nursing based motivational interviewing on self-efficacy, self-management and metabolic control parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled study. Ir J Med Sci 2025; 194:563-573. [PMID: 39982630 PMCID: PMC12031810 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-025-03916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
AIM The study was carried out to investigate the effect of tele-nursing based motivational interviewing on diabetes self-efficacy, self-management, and metabolic control parameters in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. METHOD A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The study was completed with 70 participants (intervention: 36; control: 34). The data were collected using the Socio-demographic and Health Related Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, the Diabetes Self-Management Scale. The intervention group received eight sessions tele-nursing based motivational interviewing. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test, 3rd-month), and at 6th-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS In the pre-test, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of independent variables (p > 0.05). Self-efficacy and self-management scores increased in the post-test and follow-up test of the group to which telenursing-based MI was applied, and there was a difference between the groups (p < 0.05). FBG and triglyceride levels of the intervention group decreased significantly in the post-test and follow-up test (FBG = 217.46 ± 73.88, 166.13 ± 50.71, and 161.41 ± 50.50, respectively; triglyceride = 225.28 ± 148.32, 159.68 ± 68.62, and 161.09 ± 73.06, respectively) (p < 0.05). HbA1c% level decreased significantly only in the post-test. However, no significant differences were found in terms of other metabolic parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This result shows the positive effectiveness of tele-nursing based MI intervention on self-efficacy, self-management, HbA1c%, FBG, triglyceride. Public health nurses should be provided with tele-nursing based MI to individuals with type 2 diabetes in primary health care institutions. STUDY REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05628259 (prospective). Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05628259 (prospective). 2023-02-01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Kılınç İşleyen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing Department, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - İrem Nur Özdemir
- Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing. Public Health Nursing Deparment, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pradhan R, Yin H, Lu S, Sebastiani G, Yu O, Suissa S, Azoulay L. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and the Prevention of Cirrhosis Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2025; 48:444-454. [PMID: 39774820 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, separately, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis and other adverse liver outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS With an active comparator, new-user approach, we conducted a cohort study using the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with hospital and national statistics databases. Cox proportional hazards models using propensity score fine stratification weighting were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for cirrhosis (primary outcome) and decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality (secondary outcomes). RESULTS In the first cohort comparing 25,516 patients starting GLP-1RAs and 186,752 starting DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1RAs were not associated with the incidence of cirrhosis (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.68-1.19) or the secondary outcomes. In a separate cohort comparing 33,161 patients starting SGLT-2 inhibitors and 124,431 starting DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced incidence of cirrhosis (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.90), as also decompensated cirrhosis (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.00), but not with a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma or liver-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K., GLP-1RAs were not associated with a lower risk of cirrhosis compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of cirrhosis compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richeek Pradhan
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hui Yin
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sally Lu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oriana Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samy Suissa
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beavers KM, Cortes TM, Foy CM, Dinkla L, Reyes San Martin F, Ard JD, Serra MC, Beavers DP. GLP1Ra-based therapies and DXA-acquired musculoskeletal health outcomes: a focused meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33:225-237. [PMID: 39710882 PMCID: PMC11774015 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1Ra)-based therapies on change in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-acquired lean mass (LM) or bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception through January 29, 2024, for randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting on change in DXA-acquired LM or BMD measures associated with 12+ weeks of GLP1Ra-based treatment. Of 2618 articles, 9 trials met prespecified search criteria, with 7 reporting on change in total body LM and 2 reporting on change in BMD. For LM outcomes, a hierarchical Bayesian model was used to estimate treatment mean differences. BMD outcomes were described narratively. RESULTS LM was reported in a total of 659 participants (GLP1Ra-based therapies: n = 419; placebo: n = 240), with follow-up times ranging from mean (SD) 12 to 72 (33.5) weeks. At baseline, participants were aged mean (SD) 41.7 (7.6) years, and 75% were female, with BMI values ranging from 30 to 43 kg/m2. Compared with placebo, GLP1Ra-based treatment was associated with significantly reduced total body weight (-6.9 kg; 95% credible interval [CI]: -10.7 to -3.0). GLP1Ra-based treatment was also associated with significantly reduced LM (-1.9 kg; 95% CI: -3.5 to -0.2). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 30% of body weight lost with GLP1Ra-based therapy is LM. More data are needed assessing BMD outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Beavers
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tiffany M. Cortes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of MedicineUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC)South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Colleen M. Foy
- Zachary Smith Reynolds LibraryWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lauren Dinkla
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jamy D. Ard
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Monica C. Serra
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC)South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative MedicineUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Department of Statistical SciencesWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Camilli M, Viscovo M, Maggio L, Bonanni A, Torre I, Pellegrino C, Lamendola P, Tinti L, Teofili L, Hohaus S, Lanza GA, Ferdinandy P, Varga Z, Crea F, Lombardo A, Minotti G. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the cancer patient: from diabetes to cardioprotection and beyond. Basic Res Cardiol 2025; 120:241-262. [PMID: 38935171 PMCID: PMC11790819 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a new drug class initially designed and approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus, have been shown to exert pleiotropic metabolic and direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that extend beyond their glucose-lowering action. These properties prompted their use in two frequently intertwined conditions, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Their unique mechanism of action makes SGLT2i an attractive option also to lower the rate of cardiac events and improve overall survival of oncological patients with preexisting cardiovascular risk and/or candidate to receive cardiotoxic therapies. This review will cover biological foundations and clinical evidence for SGLT2i modulating myocardial function and metabolism, with a focus on their possible use as cardioprotective agents in the cardio-oncology settings. Furthermore, we will explore recently emerged SGLT2i effects on hematopoiesis and immune system, carrying the potential of attenuating tumor growth and chemotherapy-induced cytopenias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Viscovo
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maggio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Torre
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pellegrino
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Priscilla Lamendola
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tinti
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Hohaus
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Center of Excellence of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lombardo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moosaie F, Abedinzadeh S, Rabizadeh S, Daneshvar K, Noorafrooz M, Mojtahedi FA, Deravi N, Fatemi Abhari SM, Ramezani A, Meysamie A, Hajibabaei M, Reyhan SK, Abbaszadeh M, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Empagliflozin-based quadruple oral therapy for type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2025; 15:1427. [PMID: 39789026 PMCID: PMC11718262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
The management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains challenging in cases of poor glycemic control despite triple Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA) therapy. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Empagliflozin as part of a quadruple OHA regimen over a 7-year follow-up period in 575 adult patients with uncontrolled T2DM on a triple OHA regimen and who were unwilling to initiate insulin therapy. Overall, 92.5% of patients achieved their target HbA1c levels. Significant reductions were observed in all glycemic parameters after 68 months (p < 0.001). Weight and BMI significantly decreased, whereas waist circumference remained unchanged. Lipid profiles showed significant improvements in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, while HDL levels did not change significantly. Blood pressure trends revealed significant reductions in both diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), though systolic blood pressure (SBP) remained relatively stable. Our study indicates that adding empagliflozin to a drug regimen consisting of multiple OHAs can effectively control glycemia in T2DM patients with more pronounced target achievement (< 7%) and HbA1c reduction along with improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, suggesting its potential as a promising alternative for long-term glycemic management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosaie
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- International Surgical Research Association (ISRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Abedinzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Daneshvar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Noorafrooz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Mojtahedi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akam Ramezani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajibabaei
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Karimpour Reyhan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Abbaszadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhang J, Ouyang Y, Fu X, Xie C. The efficacy and safety of qiwei baizhu san in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2025; 15:1501990. [PMID: 39845797 PMCID: PMC11752898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1501990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, mostly resulting from impaired insulin production and diminished glucose metabolism regulation. Qiwei Baizhu San (QWBZS) is a classic formula used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of T2DM. A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of QWBZS in the treatment of T2DM is essential. Methods This study's protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576129). As of August 2024, we searched eight databases to screen and include randomized controlled trials of QWBZS for T2DM. Heterogeneity sources were examined via subgroup analyses, the robustness of the results was determined by sensitivity analyses, publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test, evidence quality was appraised with GRADEpro, and possible mechanisms of QWBZS for T2DM were categorized and summarized. Results This analysis encompassed 14 qualifying trials with a total of 1,169 subjects. The analytical results suggested that QWBZS, when combined with conventional treatment, was more effective than conventional treatment alone in improving FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. When QWBZS was used alone, it was more effective than conventional therapy in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c. And QWBZS could improve the overall effectiveness of clinical treatment in T2DM patients. The impact of QWBZS therapy alone on HOMA-IR and lipid metabolism remained unclear due to the limited number of trials included. Analysis of adverse events suggested that QWBZS was relatively safe. Conclusion This study suggested that QWBZS, when combined with conventional treatment, was more effective in improving glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism compared to conventional treatment alone in individuals with T2DM. QWBZS alone also contributed to the regulation of blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, QWBZS could improve the overall effective rate of clinical treatment with a relatively high safety profile. Nevertheless, owing to the inferior quality and significant heterogeneity of the existing evidence, additional high-quality studies are requisite to furnish more dependable evidence for the future clinical application of QWBZS. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=576129, identifier [CRD42024576129].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cakmak R, Caklili OT, Kapar C, Catma Y, Bayramlar OF, Calikoglu F, Karsidag K, Dinccag N. Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) treatment on glycemic control and weight in patients with insulin experienced uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective observational study. Endocr Regul 2025; 59:42-47. [PMID: 40258224 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2025-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) treatment on glycemic status, metabolic parameters, and weight/body mass index (BMI) change at a single tertiary diabetes center in Turkey. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes who received IDegAsp treatment between October 2018 and November 2019 at the diabetes outpatient clinic. The patients who had inadequate responses (HbA1c ≥8%) to at least 3 months of experienced insulin (± oral antidiabetic drug [OAD]) treatment were included into the study. Results. One hundred patients (61% females) with a mean age of 61.7±10.0 years (range; 39-88 years) were analyzed. Mean fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels decreased by 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months (p=0.010, p=0.007, p=0.027, and p=0.090, respectively and p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). Mean body weight and BMI values increased in the 3rd (83.1±15.6 kg and 31.6±5.7 kg/m2, repecitvely) and 6th (87.0±15.4 kg and 32.3±5.3 kg/m2, resepctively) months, although the changes were not statistically significant (p=0.10 and p=0.08, respectively). However, mean body weight returned to baseline levels by the 9th (80.8±17.0 kg and 30.5±6.4 kg/m2, respectively) and 12th (79.5±13.5 kg and 30.5±5.7 kg/m2, respectively) months (p=0.074 and p=0.400, respectively). Conclusions. IDegAsp can provide a significant decrease in HbA1c in a real-life setting. Although weight gain was observed in the first months of the treatment, this effect disappeared over time and decreased to the baseline levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Cakmak
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- 4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Medical Park Hospital, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Telci Caklili
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- 5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli City Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Caner Kapar
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Catma
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Faruk Bayramlar
- 2Department of Public Health, Istanbul Health Directorate, Bakirkoy District Health Directorate, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Calikoglu
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Karsidag
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Dinccag
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reczek CR, Chakrabarty RP, D'Alessandro KB, Sebo ZL, Grant RA, Gao P, Budinger GR, Chandel NS. Metformin targets mitochondrial complex I to lower blood glucose levels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eads5466. [PMID: 39693440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ads5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is among the most prescribed antidiabetic drugs, but the primary molecular mechanism by which metformin lowers blood glucose levels is unknown. Previous studies have proposed numerous mechanisms by which acute metformin lowers blood glucose, including the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we used transgenic mice that globally express the Saccharomyces cerevisiae internal alternative NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) protein to determine whether the glucose-lowering effect of acute oral administration of metformin requires inhibition of mitochondrial complex I of the ETC in vivo. NDI1 is a yeast NADH dehydrogenase enzyme that complements the loss of mammalian mitochondrial complex I electron transport function and is insensitive to pharmacologic mitochondrial complex I inhibitors including metformin. We demonstrate that NDI1 expression attenuates metformin's ability to lower blood glucose levels under standard chow and high-fat diet conditions. Our results indicate that acute oral administration of metformin targets mitochondrial complex I to lower blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Reczek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ram P Chakrabarty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karis B D'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary L Sebo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G R Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chatham JC, Wende AR. The role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:2343-2358. [PMID: 39601777 DOI: 10.1042/bst20240262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that diabetes markedly increases the risk of multiple types of heart disease including heart failure. However, despite substantial improvements in the treatment of heart failure in recent decades the relative increased risk associated with diabetes remains unchanged. There is increasing appreciation of the importance of the post translational modification by O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) of serine and threonine residues on proteins in regulating cardiomyocyte function and mediating stress responses. In response to diabetes there is a sustained increase in cardiac O-GlcNAc levels, which has been attributed to many of the adverse effects of diabetes on the heart. Here we provide an overview of potential mechanisms by which increased cardiac O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the adverse effects on the heart and highlight some of the key gaps in our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu X, Fowler MJ, Wells QS, Stafford JM, Gannon M. Predicting responsiveness to GLP-1 pathway drugs using real-world data. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 39695549 PMCID: PMC11654408 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway are an important therapeutic class currently used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is not enough known about which subgroups of patients would receive the most benefit from these medications. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop a predictive model for patient responsiveness to medications, here collectively called GLP-1 M, that include GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors (that normally degrade endogenously-produced GLP-1). Such a model could guide clinicians to consider certain patient characteristics when prescribing second line medications for T2D. METHODS We analyzed de-identified electronic health records of 7856 subjects with T2D treated with GLP-1 M drugs at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 2003-2019. Using common clinical features (including commonly ordered lab tests, demographic information, other T2D medications, and diabetes-associated complications), we compared four different models: logistic regression, LightGBM, artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector classifier (SVC). RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the traditional logistic regression model outperforms the other machine learning models, with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (auROC) of 0.77.Our model showed that higher pre-treatment HbA1C is a dominant feature for predicting better response to GLP-1 M, while features such as use of thiazolidinediones or sulfonylureas is correlated with poorer response to GLP-1 M, as assessed by lowering of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), a standard marker of glycated hemoglobin used for assessing glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Among female subjects under 40 taking GLP-1 M, the simultaneous use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1C (0.82 ± 1.72% vs 0.28 ± 1.70%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION These findings indicate a thorough analysis of real-world electronic health records could reveal new information to improve treatment decisions for the treatment of T2D. The predictive model developed in this study highlights the importance of considering individual patient characteristics and medication interactions when prescribing GLP-1 M drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael J Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gomaa MS, Alturki MS, Tawfeeq N, Hussein DA, Pottoo FH, Al Khzem AH, Sarafroz M, Abubshait S. Discovery of Non-Peptide GLP-1 Positive Allosteric Modulators from Natural Products: Virtual Screening, Molecular Dynamics, ADMET Profiling, Repurposing, and Chemical Scaffolds Identification. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1607. [PMID: 39771585 PMCID: PMC11679513 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is currently one of the most explored targets exploited for the management of diabetes and obesity, with many aspects of its mechanisms behind cardiovascular protection yet to be fully elucidated. Research dedicated towards the development of oral GLP-1 therapy and non-peptide ligands with broader clinical applications is crucial towards unveiling the full therapeutic capacity of this potent class of medicines. Methods: This study describes the virtual screening of a natural product database consisting of 695,133 compounds for positive GLP-1 allosteric modulation. The database, obtained from the Coconut website, was filtered according to a set of physicochemical descriptors, then was shape screened against the crystal ligand conformation. This filtered database consisting of 26,325 compounds was used for virtual screening against the GLP-1 allosteric site. Results: The results identified ten best hits with the XP score ranging from -9.6 to -7.6 and MM-GBSA scores ranging from -50.8 to -32.4 and another 58 hits from docked pose filter and a second round of XP docking and MM-GBSA calculation followed by molecular dynamics. The analysis of results identified hits from various natural products (NPs) classes, to whom attributed antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects have been previously reported. The results also pointed to β-lactam antibiotics that may be evaluated in drug repurposing studies for off-target effects. The calculated ADMET properties for those hits revealed suitable profiles for further development in terms of bioavailability and toxicity. Conclusions: The current study identified several NPs as potential GLP-1 positive allosteric modulators and revealed common structural scaffolds including peptidomimetics, lactams, coumarins, and sulfonamides with peptidomimetics being the most prominent especially in indole and coumarin cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (N.T.); (A.H.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mansour S. Alturki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (N.T.); (A.H.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Nada Tawfeeq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (N.T.); (A.H.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Dania A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.H.); (F.H.P.)
| | - Faheem H. Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.H.); (F.H.P.)
| | - Abdulaziz H. Al Khzem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (N.T.); (A.H.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Sarafroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (N.T.); (A.H.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Samar Abubshait
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lemoine E, Dusenne M, Schuers M. Glycemic control and bacterial infectious risk in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort from a primary care database. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0314287. [PMID: 39671462 PMCID: PMC11642988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 5.3% of the French population in 2020. People with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of infection. Currently, there is no consensus on the impact of glycemic control on infectious risk. The objective was to evaluate whether glycemic control and diabetes severity were associated with infectious risk in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from a French primary care database. Data were collected from January 2012 to January 2022. Glycemic control was estimated by the threshold of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes severity by the number, and the type, of antidiabetic treatments. Infectious risk was evaluated by the mean of antibiotic prescriptions per year. RESULTS Among 59,020 patients, 1959 patients were included in the final analysis. The threshold of glycated hemoglobin was not associated with the mean of antibiotic prescriptions per year (ANOVA p = 0.228). Secondary analyses did not show an association between the number, or the type, of antidiabetic treatments and the mean of antibiotic prescriptions per year (p = 0.53 and p = 0.018, respectively). No association was observed between glycemic control, diabetes severity and infectious risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is the first European study using data from primary care to examine bacterial infectious risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, demonstrating the possibilities offered by the use of databases in primary care research. CONCLUSION Long-term glycemic control was not associated with bacterial infectious risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lemoine
- Department of General Practice, UNIROUEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Mikaël Dusenne
- Department of Medical Information and Informatics, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Schuers
- Department of General Practice, UNIROUEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Information and Informatics, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
- Medical Informatics and e-Health Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, INSERM, U1142, LIMICS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Krishnan A, Schneider CV, Arkenau HT, Mauro EM, Forner A, Scott Butsch W, Walsh D, Alqahtani SA. Association between incretin-based drugs and risk of cholangiocarcinoma among patients with type 2 diabetes: A large population-based matched cohort study. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 38:100370. [PMID: 39386155 PMCID: PMC11460491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between the use of incretin-based drugs [glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is)] and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the United States. METHODS This large population-based, retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX datasets included adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were new users of GLP-1RAs, DPP-4Is, or other second- or third-line antidiabetic drugs between 2010 and 2021. The primary outcome was the incidence of CCA. RESULTS A total of 3,816,071 patients were included (mean age, 61.4 years, female, 49.3 %). A 51 % and 23 % risk reduction in CCA after 1 year of exposure to GLP-1RAs (hazard ratio 0.49; 95 % CI 0.40-0.60) and DPP4Is (0.77, 95 % CI 0.67-0.90), respectively compared to new second-or third-line users. Results were consistent at 3, 5, and 7 years of follow-up (0.66, 0.71, and 0.72 for GLP-1RAs and 0.84, 0.87, and 0.85 for DPP-4Is, respectively). Compared to new metformin users, GLP-1RA users were associated with a 42 % lower risk of developing CCA, whereas DPP-4I group was not associated with an increased risk. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1RAs and DPP-4Is were not associated with a significantly increased risk of CCA. GLP-1RAs even showed a reduced risk of CCA development. They can be considered as safe and effective treatment options for patients with T2DM at risk of CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Supportive Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ezequiel Matias Mauro
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Scott Butsch
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Declan Walsh
- Department of Supportive Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maruyama-Sakurai K, Tachimori H, Saito E, Kohsaka S, Segawa Y, Miyata H, Igarashi A. Cost-effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in Japan. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:5546-5555. [PMID: 39344831 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the cost-effectiveness of diabetic nephropathy treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in Japanese clinical practice, considering diabetes-related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population-based Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness for people with diabetic nephropathy who initiated pharmacotherapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor plus conventional treatment or conventional treatment alone, based on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and healthcare costs. The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation study (CREDENCE) and the Japanese Society for Dialysis Research statistical survey were the primary sources of probability and mortality, while Japanese Health Insurance Claims Data were the cost source. The state transition model included diabetic nephropathy, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease, dialysis, and death. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to explore model uncertainty. RESULTS Using the threshold of JPY 5 000 000 per QALY, SGLT2 inhibitor plus conventional treatment was more cost-effective than conventional treatment alone, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of JPY 654 309 per QALY. Treating 100 000 people, SGLT2 inhibitor plus conventional treatment prevented 2234 deaths and reduced 5793 fewer heart failure cases, 3967 fewer myocardial infarctions and stroke events. Sensitivity analysis affirmed the robustness of these results for patients aged under 70 years. CONCLUSIONS The SGLT2 inhibitor treatment appeared to be cost-effective for the overall population of our study and particularly for younger patients (<70 years old). For older patients (≥70 years old), the cost-effectiveness was less clear and may require further evaluation. Decision-makers should consider this age-based heterogeneity when making recommendations about SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Maruyama-Sakurai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Endowed Course for Health System Innovation, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Sustainable Society Design Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Segawa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ataru Igarashi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Data Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, Gue Y, Zhong Z, Chen T, Wang F, McDowell G, Huang B, Lip GYH. Prognostic value of glycaemic variability for mortality in critically ill atrial fibrillation patients and mortality prediction model using machine learning. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:426. [PMID: 39593120 PMCID: PMC11590403 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains heavy. Glycaemic control is important in the AF management. Glycaemic variability (GV), an emerging marker of glycaemic control, is associated with unfavourable prognosis, and abnormal GV is prevalent in ICUs. However, the impact of GV on the prognosis of AF patients in the ICU remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GV and all-cause mortality after ICU admission at short-, medium-, and long-term intervals in AF patients. METHODS Data was obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 3.0 database, with admissions (2008-2019) as primary analysis cohort and admissions (2020-2022) as external validation cohort. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the associations between GV and mortality outcomes. Subsequently, GV and other clinical features were used to construct machine learning (ML) prediction models for 30-day all-cause mortality after ICU admission. RESULTS The primary analysis cohort included 8989 AF patients (age 76.5 [67.7-84.3] years; 57.8% male), while the external validation cohort included 837 AF patients (age 72.9 [65.3-80.2] years; 67.4% male). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models revealed that higher GV quartiles were associated with higher risk of 30-day (Q3: HR 1.19, 95%CI 1.04-1.37; Q4: HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.16-1.52), 90-day (Q3: HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.11-1.40; Q4: HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.29-1.50), and 360-day (Q3: HR 1.21, 95%CI 1.09-1.33; Q4: HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.47) all-cause mortality, compared with lowest GV quartile. Moreover, our data suggests that GV needs to be contained within 20.0%. Among all ML models, light gradient boosting machine had the best performance (internal validation: AUC [0.780], G-mean [0.551], F1-score [0.533]; external validation: AUC [0.788], G-mean [0.578], F1-score [0.568]). CONCLUSION GV is a significant predictor of ICU short-term, mid-term, and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with AF (the potential risk stratification threshold is 20.0%). ML models incorporating GV demonstrated high efficiency in predicting short-term mortality and GV was ranked anterior in importance. These findings underscore the potential of GV as a valuable biomarker in guiding clinical decisions and improving patient outcomes in this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Zhengkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gue
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing and Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Garry McDowell
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bi Huang
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Centre for Health Services Research, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng W, Yin Y, Gu C, Mu Y, Zhang D, Tao Z, Yin W, Zhang X, Yu Y, Hu J, Wan C, Liu Y. Cohort profile: the Nanjing Diabetes Cohort database - a population-based surveillance cohort. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087498. [PMID: 39515855 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study epidemiology, complications, risk factors, clinical course and treatment patterns of diabetes, the Nanjing Diabetes Cohort (NDC) was established using anonymised electronic health records from 650 hospitals and primary care since 2020. This cohort provides valuable data for researchers and policy-makers focused on diabetes management and public health strategies. PARTICIPANTS Diabetes was defined as having inpatient or outpatient encounters with a diagnosis of diabetes International Classification of Diseases-9/10 codes, any use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs, or one encounter with haemoglobin A1C >4.8 mmol/mol or 6.5%. Patients with diabetes have been continuously enrolled on hospitals and primary care in Nanjing since 2020. Demographic, medications and comorbidities data were extracted from clinical notes, diagnostic codes, labs, prescriptions and vital signs among different types of diabetes. FINDINGS TO DATE The NDC consisted of 1 033 904 patients from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022, the majority were male (50.62%) and from the Gulou district (30.79%). The clinical characteristics and medication usage of patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and other diabetes were assessed. The prevalences of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease were 49.72%, 17.85% and 24.90%, respectively. FUTURE PLANS NDC will annually enrol eligible patients and include socioeconomic data in future updates. The data of NDC are maintained by the Department of Medical Informatics at Nanjing Medical University.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechuchu Yin
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Duxiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhuan Tao
- Nanjing Health Information Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Yin
- Nanjing Health Information Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Z, Yang S, Cui L. Understanding the heterogeneity and dysfunction of HDL in chronic kidney disease: insights from recent reviews. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:400. [PMID: 39511510 PMCID: PMC11542271 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disease that affects the global population's health, with dyslipidemia being one of its major complications. High density lipoprotein (HDL) is regarded as the "hero" in the bloodstream due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport, which lowers cholesterol levels in the blood and prevents atherosclerosis. However, in the complex internal environment of CKD, even this "hero" may struggle to perform its beneficial functions and could potentially become harmful. This article reviews HDL heterogeneity, HDL subclasses, functional changes in HDL during the progression of CKD, and the application of HDL in CKD treatment. This review aims to deepen understanding of lipid metabolism abnormalities in CKD patients and provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Okita T, Kita S, Fukuda S, Kondo Y, Sakaue TA, Iioka M, Fukuoka K, Kawada K, Nagao H, Obata Y, Fujishima Y, Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Nakagawa S, Kimura T, Nishizawa H, Shimomura I. Soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is regulated via insulin/PI3K/Akt signalling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150403. [PMID: 39047402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Our recent report showed that soluble T-cadherin promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. However, how and where the secretion of soluble T-cadherin is regulated remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Soluble T-cadherin levels significantly increased in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice with hypoinsulinaemia or in wild-type mice treated with insulin receptor blockade by S961. Similar results were observed in human subjects; Diabetic ketoacidosis patients at the time of hospitalization had increased plasma soluble T-cadherin levels, which decreased after insulin infusion therapy. Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who were administered a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-alpha inhibitor (a new anticancer drug) had increased plasma soluble T-cadherin and plasma C-peptide levels. Endothelial cell-specific T-cadherin knockout mice, but not skeletal muscle- or cardiac muscle-specific T-cadherin knockout mice, showed a 26 % reduction in plasma soluble T-cadherin levels and a significant increase in blood glucose levels in streptozocin-induced diabetes. The secretion of soluble T-cadherin from human endothelial cells was approximately 20 % decreased by insulin and this decrease was canceled by blockade of insulin receptor/Akt signalling, not Erk signalling. CONCLUSION We conclude that insulin regulates soluble T-cadherin levels and soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is positively regulated by insulin/insulin receptor/Akt signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okita
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kondo
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sakaue
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Iioka
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Fukuoka
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kawada
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Departments of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Obata
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebihara
- Departments of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Departments of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Departments of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
da Silva JGM, de Melo IMF, Alves ÉR, de Oliveira GM, da Silva AA, Pinto FCM, Aguiar JLDA, Araújo DN, Teixeira VW, Teixeira ÁAC. Melatonin associated with bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel improves healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e399024. [PMID: 39476070 PMCID: PMC11506694 DOI: 10.1590/acb399024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the effects of melatonin associated with bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel on healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. After wound induction, animals were randomly divided into groups GC, GDCC, GDCB, and GDMCB. Animals were evaluated in days 3, 7, and 14 for the following variables: glycemic levels, histopathological and histochemical analyses, healing rate, morphometry and C-reactive protein. RESULTS There was no change in glycemic levels in the diabetic animals as a result of the treatments; histopathological analyses showed better healing in GDCB and GDMCB groups, as well as histochemistry; at day 14, the highest healing rate was observed in animals from the GDMCB group, reaching almost 100%; morphometry revealed a significant increase of fibroblasts and reduction of macrophages and blood vessels in lesions treated with bacterial cellulose associated or not with melatonin when compared to the other experimental groups. There was also an increase in C-reactive protein in GDCC group at day 14. CONCLUSION Bacterial cellulose-based dressings associated with systemic melatonin showed beneficial results in experimentally induced wounds in diabetic rats, favoring the healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaiurte Gomes Martins da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology – Graduate Program in Animal Bioscience – Recife (PE) – Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas – Maceió (AL) – Brazil
| | - Ismaela Maria Ferreira de Melo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology – Graduate Program in Animal Bioscience – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| | - Érique Ricardo Alves
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology – Graduate Program in Animal Bioscience – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| | - Glícia Maria de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Department of Biochemistry – Graduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| | - Anderson Arnaldo da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology in Health – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology – Graduate Program in Animal Bioscience – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology – Graduate Program in Animal Bioscience – Recife (PE) – Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sunagawa K, Hirai K, Sunagawa S, Kamiya N, Komesu I, Sunagawa Y, Sunagawa H, Nakachi K, Hirai A, Ookawara S, Morishita Y. Efficacy and Safety of Adding Empagliflozin to Liraglutide on Renal Function in Patients with Advanced-Stage Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3767-3781. [PMID: 39430135 PMCID: PMC11488354 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s471535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the additional effects of empagliflozin on liraglutide in patients with advanced-stage type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Patients and Methods Forty-one patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with liraglutide alone during the first 6 months and subsequent treatment with liraglutide plus empagliflozin during the next 6 months (liraglutide plus empagliflozin group) (n = 20) or treatment with liraglutide alone for 12 months (liraglutide group) (n = 21). Liraglutide was administered subcutaneously once daily at a starting dose of 0.3 mg/day and up-titrated weekly by 0.3 mg to a maximum dose of 0.9 mg/day. Empagliflozin was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg once daily. The primary outcome was the change in renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) during the latter 6 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and urine protein creatinine ratio during the latter 6 months. Results Empagliflozin significantly increased the hemoglobin concentration (from 12.9 ± 1.9 to 13.7 ± 1.9 g/dL; p<0.05) and decreased body weight (from 66.1 ± 12.9 to 64.5 ± 12.6 kg; p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and urine protein creatinine ratio. Conclusion Empagliflozin increased hemoglobin concentration and decreased body weight in patients with advanced-stage type 2 diabetic kidney disease who received liraglutide. However, empagliflozin did not provide short-term benefits with regard to renal function decline, urinary protein excretion, or glycemic control in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sunagawa
- Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, and Rheumatology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sumito Sunagawa
- Sunagawa Medical Clinic, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, and Rheumatology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ken Nakachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shonan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Aizan Hirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ngatu NR, Hossain A, Maruo N, Akumwami S, Rahman AM, Eitoku M, Kanda K, Nishiyama A, Suganuma N, Hirao T. NBF2, an Algal Fiber-Rich Formula, Reverses Diabetic Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10828. [PMID: 39409158 PMCID: PMC11476984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulva prolifera, known as Aonori in Japan, is an edible alga species that is mass-cultivated in Japan. Supplementation with Aonori-derived biomaterials has been reported to enhance metabolic health in previous studies. This was an experimental study that evaluated the metabolic health effects of NBF2, a formula made of algal and junos Tanaka citrus-derived biomaterials, on obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We used 18 obese and hyperglycemic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats that were assigned randomly to three groups of six animals: a high-dose NBF2 drink (20 mg/kg) group, a low-dose (10 mg/kg) NBF2 drink group and the control group that received 2 mL of tap water daily for a total of six weeks. We also used eight LETO rats as the normal control group. In addition to the glucose tolerance test (OGTT), ELISA and real-time PCR assays were performed. High-dose and lowdose NBF2 improved insulin sensitivity, as well as glycemic and lipid profiles, as compared with control rats. The OGTT showed that both NBF2 groups and LETO rats had normalized glycemia by the 90-min time-point. NBF2 up-regulated PPARα/γ-mRNA and Sirt2-mRNA gene expressions in BAT and improved the blood pressure profile. These findings suggest that the NBF2 formula, which activates PPAR-α/γ mRNA and Sirt2-mRNA, may reverse dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Department of Public Health, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Akram Hossain
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.H.); (A.M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Nao Maruo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan; (N.M.); (M.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Steeve Akumwami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Asadur Md. Rahman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.H.); (A.M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan; (N.M.); (M.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Kanae Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.H.); (A.M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan; (N.M.); (M.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Tomohiro Hirao
- Department of Public Health, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mohamed AJ, AlSaffar AH, Mohamed AA, Khamis MH, Khalaf AA, AlAradi HJ, Abuhamaid AI, Sanad AH, Abbas HL, Abdulla AM, Alkhamis OA. Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Renal Functions and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e71739. [PMID: 39553106 PMCID: PMC11568967 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.71739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes multiple kidney problems ultimately leading to renal failure, with a marked rise in the number of patients worldwide requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and death despite advancements in treatment; however, recent cardiovascular outcome trials have highlighted the potential benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risks in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, leading to recommendations for their use following metformin in clinical guidelines. The meta-analysis was run on RevMan 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020). Risk of bias was done using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 tool for the quality assessment of studies. Eleven studies were selected for this systematic review, all of which provided sufficient data for the outcomes. The effect size calculated for urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was calculated to be d = -0.48, CI = 95% (-1.72, 0.75) and for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) % and eGFR mL/min, it was found to be d = -0.71, CI = 95% (-2.00, 0.58) and d = -0.71, CI = 95% (-2.00, 0.58), respectively. Overall, this meta-analysis supports the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists as an effective therapeutic option to protect renal function in T2DM patients, particularly those at high risk of or with existing DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali H AlSaffar
- Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali A Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali H Sanad
- General Practice, Al-Nabaa Medical Center, A'ali, BHR
| | - Hasan L Abbas
- Internal Medicine, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qiang W, Li M, Song S, Dong R, Zhang T, Kou X, Wu Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu J, Wang Y, Wu X, Shi B, Guo H. Initiation of Insulin Degludec in Chinese Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes - A Single Center's Experience. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3535-3546. [PMID: 39328263 PMCID: PMC11425662 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s468070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The long-acting insulin analogue insulin degludec (IDeg) is increasingly recommended for type two diabetes (T2DM), yet clinical experience in China remains limited. This retrospective study aimed to delineate the initiation strategy for IDeg in Chinese hospitalized patients with T2DM. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 217 Chinese hospitalized patients with T2DM who initiated IDeg from December 2018 to June 2020, calculating the initial dose and examining correlations between clinical characteristics and glucose profiles. Results The initial IDeg doses ranged from 0.15 to 0.18 IU/kg·d, showing no association with clinical characteristics. During titration, mean blood glucose levels (MEAN) correlated positively with diabetes duration, age, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and negatively with body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The coefficient of variation (CV) in glucose levels correlated positively with HbA1c and negatively with BMI and TG. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) mirrored these trends, with additional negative correlations to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum albumin (ALB). Notably, glycemic variability parameters did not correlate with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at admission. Hypoglycemia was observed in 21 patients, with differences in MEAN and CV during titration being the only significant findings. Conclusion The initial IDeg dosing was inadequate and not tailored to clinical features, and there were weak correlations between diabetes duration, age, BMI, eGFR, LDL, and ALB levels and glucose profile post-initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Sucai Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuna Kou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nambiar M, Bee YM, Chan YE, Ho Mien I, Guretno F, Carmody D, Lee PC, Chia SY, Salim NNM, Krishnaswamy P. A drug mix and dose decision algorithm for individualized type 2 diabetes management. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:254. [PMID: 39289474 PMCID: PMC11408718 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy guidelines for type 2 diabetes (T2D) emphasize patient-centered care, but applying this approach effectively in outpatient practice remains challenging. Data-driven treatment optimization approaches could enhance individualized T2D management, but current approaches cannot account for drug-specific and dose-dependent variations in safety and efficacy. We developed and evaluated an AI Drug mix and dose Advisor (AIDA) for glycemic management, using electronic medical records from 107,854 T2D patients in the SingHealth Diabetes Registry. Given a patient's medical profile, AIDA leverages a predict-then-optimize approach to identify the minimal drug mix and dose changes required to optimize glycemic control, subject to clinical knowledge-based guidelines. On unseen data from large internal, external, and temporal validation sets, AIDA recommendations were estimated to improve post-visit glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by an average of 0.40-0.68% over standard of care (P < 0.0001). In qualitative evaluations on 60 diverse cases by a panel of three endocrinologists, AIDA recommendations were mostly rated as reasonable and precise. Finally, AIDA's ability to account for drug-dose specifics offered several advantages over competing methods, including greater consistency with practice preferences and clinical guidelines for practical but effective options, indication-based treatments, and renal dosing. As AIDA provides drug-dose recommendations to improve outcomes for individual T2D patients, it could be used for clinical decision support at point-of-care, especially in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Grants
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- H19/01/a0/023 - Diabetes Clinic of the Future Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila Nambiar
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu En Chan
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Ho Mien
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feri Guretno
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Carmody
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phong Ching Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Yi Chia
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pavitra Krishnaswamy
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu B, Ding D, Luo J, Glied S. Rural-Urban Disparities in the Uptake of New Diabetes Medications. Diabetes Spectr 2024; 38:49-57. [PMID: 39959517 PMCID: PMC11825407 DOI: 10.2337/ds23-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed rural-urban differences in the uptake and use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among U.S. adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We calculated person-level annual total and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for new, other, and all diabetes medications in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We defined newer diabetes medications as GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. The primary outcome was whether a person received a new diabetes medication during the year, and secondary outcomes were medication expenditures. The key independent variable was metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status. Logistic regression was used to estimate use rates of new diabetes medications by MSA status, and a two-part model was used to estimate individual-level annual total and OOP expenditures on new, other, and all diabetes medications. RESULTS We observed no significant difference (adjusted odds ratio 0.943, P = 0.37) in newer diabetes medication use. Individuals with diabetes in non-MSAs were more likely to have spending (probit coefficient 0.058, P = 0.06) and to spend more on other diabetes medications (combined marginal effect $103.13, P = 0.09), although this result was not statistically significant. This imbalance increased from $81.33 (P = 0.09) in 2003-2006 to $136.66 (P = 0.08) in 2017-2020. CONCLUSIONS Rural-urban diabetes outcome disparities are not likely to be the result of differences in the uptake of GLP-1 receptor agonist, DPP-4 inhibitor, and SGLT2 inhibitor medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Luo
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kishi S, Kadoya H, Kashihara N. Treatment of chronic kidney disease in older populations. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:586-602. [PMID: 38977884 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
As the world population ages, an expected increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among older individuals will pose a considerable challenge for health care systems in terms of resource allocation for disease management. Treatment strategies for older patients with CKD should ideally align with those applied to the general population, focusing on minimizing cardiovascular events and reducing the risk of progression to kidney failure. Emerging therapies, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, hold promise for the effective management of CKD in older individuals. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions such as nutritional and exercise therapies have a crucial role. These interventions enhance the effects of pharmacotherapy and, importantly, contribute to the maintenance of cognitive function and overall quality of life. Various factors beyond age and cognitive function must be taken into account when considering kidney replacement therapy for patients with kidney failure. Importantly, all treatment options, including dialysis, transplantation and conservative management approaches, should be tailored to the individual through patient-centred decision-making. The dynamic integration of digital technologies into medical practice has the potential to transform the management of CKD in the aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of General Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Medical Science, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
- Kawasaki Geriatric Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Grubić Rotkvić P, Rotkvić L, Đuzel Čokljat A, Cigrovski Berković M. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors effects on myocardial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and asymptomatic heart failure. World J Cardiol 2024; 16:448-457. [PMID: 39221192 PMCID: PMC11362810 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i8.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown efficacy in reducing heart failure (HF) burden in a very heterogeneous groups of patients, raising doubts about some contemporary assumptions of their mechanism of action. We previously published a prospective observational study that evaluated mechanisms of action of SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes who were in HF stages A and B on dual hypoglycemic therapy. Two groups of patients were included in the study: the ones receiving SGLT2i as an add-on agent to metformin and the others on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as an add-on to metformin due to suboptimal glycemic control. AIM To evaluate the outcomes regarding natriuretic peptide, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function, and body weight. METHODS The study outcomes were examined by dividing each treatment arm into two subgroups according to baseline parameters of global longitudinal strain (GLS), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. To evaluate the possible predictors of observed changes in the SGLT2i arm during follow-up, a rise in stroke volume index, body mass index (BMI) decrease, and lack of heart rate increase, linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS There was a greater reduction of MPO, hsCRP, GLS, and blood pressure in the groups with higher baseline values of mentioned parameters irrespective of the therapeutic arm after 6 months of follow-up. Significant independent predictors of heart rate decrease were a reduction in early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity at the interventricular septal annulus ratio and BMI, while the predictor of stroke volume index increase was SGLT2i therapy itself. CONCLUSION SGLT2i affect body composition, reduce cardiac load, improve diastolic/systolic function, and attenuate the sympathetic response. Glycemic control contributes to the improvement of heart function, blood pressure control, oxidative stress, and reduction in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Grubić Rotkvić
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Luka Rotkvić
- Department of Cardiology, Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, Krapinske Toplice 49217, Croatia
| | - Ana Đuzel Čokljat
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik 20000, Croatia
| | - Maja Cigrovski Berković
- Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Zagreb Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Attia MS, Ayman F, Attia MS, Yahya G, Zahra MH, Khalil MMI, Diab AAA. Mitigating diabetes-related complications: Empowering metformin with cholecalciferol and taurine supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1778-1792. [PMID: 39192867 PMCID: PMC11346095 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i8.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Current treatment options like metformin (MET) effectively counteract hyperglycemia but fail to alleviate diabetes-associated complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. AIM To propose the supplementation of cholecalciferol (CHO) and taurine (TAU) to enhance MET efficacy in controlling diabetes while minimizing the risk of associated complications. METHODS The study involved sixty rats, including ten non-diabetic control rats and fifty experimental rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The experimental rats were further subdivided into positive control and treatment subgroups. The four treatment groups were randomly allocated to a single MET treatment or MET combined with supplements either CHO, TAU, or both. RESULTS Diabetic rats exhibited elevated levels of glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin%, lipid markers, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde, along with reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase). The administration of CHO and TAU supplements alongside MET in diabetic rats led to a noticeable recovery of islet mass. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of the proposed combination therapy significantly ameliorated the aforementioned abnormalities. CONCLUSION The supplementation of CHO and TAU with MET showed the potential to significantly improve metabolic parameters and protect against diabetic complications through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai S Attia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Fadwa Ayman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mansour H Zahra
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alenzi S, Alzahrani A, Aljaloud A, Alanazi K, Alarfaj SJ. The effectiveness of 0.5 mg and 1mg of semaglutide in patients with type two diabetes and predictors of response: a retrospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1395651. [PMID: 39205685 PMCID: PMC11349510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1395651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at doses up to 1 mg. The results from randomized control trials and real-world studies revealed that weekly semaglutide was associated with significant improvements in HbA1c and body weight. To our knowledge, no study assessed the effectiveness of using semaglutide for patients with T2DM in the Saudi population. We aim to assess the effectiveness of once weekly SC 0.5 and 1 mg of semaglutide on HbA1c and weight reduction in patients with T2DM in the Saudi population within 12 months of use, evaluate the predictors of response, and compare the effect of the two doses. Method This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Security Force Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using electronic medical records of patients with type two diabetes who received semaglutide 0.5 or 1 mg for a total duration of at least 12 months of use. Results Within the study period of semaglutide use, HbA1c significantly decreased from baseline by -2.1% (-2.3 to -1.91, 95% CI) (P <0.001). While the mean change in weight was -6.19 kg (-6.66 to -5.72, 95% CI) (P<0.001). Moreover, BMI, FBG, total cholesterol, LDL, and TG all decreased significantly from baseline (p<0.001). When comparing the sub-groups of 0.5 and 1 mg doses, although results were numerically favorable of 1 mg, there were no statistically significant differences in HbA1c % (-2.1 ± 1.8 vs. -2.1 ± 1.9, p-value= 0.934, respectively), and weight (-6.1 ± 5 vs. -6.2 ± 4.4 kg, p-value=0.837, respectively). Significant predictors of HbA1c reduction were the duration of DM, baseline HbA1c, and insulin therapy. While the significant predictor for weight reduction was insulin therapy. Conclusion This study is document the effectiveness of once-weekly SC semaglutide on glycemic control and weight loss in real-world practice. We recommend a starting goal dose of 0.5 mg and gradual increase of dose based individual patient response. further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of various semagltude doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alenzi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Aljaloud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamayel Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaiah J. Alarfaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Coulson HC, Brown M, Burke K, Griffith E, Shadiack V, Garner HR, Foushee JA. Common outpatient diagnoses and associated treatments logged by osteopathic medical students within a geriatric population. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:337-344. [PMID: 38641919 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2022-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinical clerkships provide osteopathic medical students the opportunity to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of commonly encountered medical conditions. Appropriate management of these conditions may include pharmacotherapy and/or nonpharmacologic interventions, such as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Opportunities may exist to expand the utilization of OMT in the management of common conditions, particularly for geriatric patients, who are at increased risk for adverse outcomes from pharmacologic treatments. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the most common diagnoses and corresponding treatments logged by osteopathic medical students within an ambulatory geriatric population. METHODS Patient encounters logged electronically by osteopathic medical students were retrospectively reviewed to determine the most commonly reported diagnostic codes and their treatments. Logged interventions were filtered to include patients over the age of 65 years who were seen on family medicine rotations within an ambulatory setting. The top 10 diagnoses were sorted and assessed to determine the associated treatments, including medications, procedures, and OMT. RESULTS Between January 2018 and June 2020, a total of 11,185 primary diagnoses were logged pertaining to the defined patient population. The most frequently documented diagnoses were essential hypertension (n=1,420; 12.7 %), encounter for well examination (n=1,144; 10.2 %), type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=837; 7.5 %), hyperlipidemia (n=346; 3.1 %), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=278; 2.5 %), osteoarthritis (OA; n=221; 2.0 %), low back pain (LBP; n=202; 1.8 %), pain in joint (n=187; 1.7 %), hypothyroidism (n=164; 1.5 %), and urinary tract infections (n=160; 1.4 %). Three of the top 10 logged diagnoses were musculoskeletal in nature (OA, LBP, and pain in joint). Pharmacotherapy was reported as the predominant treatment for musculoskeletal conditions, with OMT being logged as a treatment for 10.9 % (n=50) of those cases. The most commonly logged medication class in the management of patients with those musculoskeletal conditions was nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; n=128; 27.9 %), while opioids were the second most frequently documented class of medications (n=65; 14.2 %). CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal complaints were commonly logged by osteopathic medical students within the studied population. Opioids were documented as a treatment for musculoskeletal conditions more frequently than OMT. As such, opportunities exist to expand the utilization of OMT during clinical clerkships and to decrease the frequency of prescribed medications for pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Coulson
- Pathologist at HCT Pathology Services, University of Maryland Shore Medical Center, Easton, MD, USA
| | - Miriam Brown
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Resident, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle Burke
- Family and Community Medicine Resident, Penn State Health, Hershey, PN, USA
| | - Emma Griffith
- Internal Medicine Resident, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Shadiack
- Assistant Chair Principles of Primary Care and OMM, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Harold R Garner
- Consultant, Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine (proposed) at the Chicago School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaime A Foushee
- Department Chair for Biomedical Sciences; Discipline Chair for Pharmacology and Associate Professor, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tang H, Donahoo WT, Svensson M, Shaaban CE, Smith G, Jaffee MS, Huang Y, Hu X, Lu Y, Salloum RG, DeKosky ST, Bian J, Guo J. Heterogeneous treatment effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5528-5539. [PMID: 38958394 PMCID: PMC11350016 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exhibit potential benefits in reducing dementia risk, yet the optimal beneficiary subgroups remain uncertain. METHODS Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating either SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea were identified from OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network (2016-2022). A doubly robust learning was deployed to estimate risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause dementia. RESULTS Among 35,458 individuals with T2D, 1.8% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 4.7% in the sulfonylurea group developed all-cause dementia over a 3.2-year follow-up, yielding a lower risk for SGLT2 inhibitors (RD, -2.5%; 95% CI, -3.0% to -2.1%). Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease were identified as the two important variables to define four subgroups in which RD ranged from -4.3% (-5.5 to -3.2) to -0.9% (-1.9 to 0.2). DISCUSSION Compared to sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia, but the association varied among different subgroups. HIGHLIGHTS New users of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia as compared to those of sulfonylureas. The association varied among different subgroups defined by Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease. A significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia was observed among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors compared to those of sulfonylureas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and PolicyUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - William T. Donahoo
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and PolicyUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and SafetyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - C. Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Glenn Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyCollege of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC)University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Michael S. Jaffee
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC)University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain InstituteCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical InformaticsCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Xia Hu
- DATA Lab, Department of Computer ScienceRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and PolicyUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ramzi G. Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical InformaticsCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC)University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain InstituteCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical InformaticsCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and PolicyUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and SafetyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vlacho B, Molló Iniesta À, Gratacòs M, Mata-Cases M, Rubinat E, Berenguera A, Cos FX, Franch-Nadal J, Mauricio D. Effectiveness of a multicomponent healthcare intervention on blood pressure and lipids among subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: Findings from the INTEGRA study. Prim Care Diabetes 2024; 18:402-408. [PMID: 38782704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multicomponent healthcare intervention, primarily designed to improve glycemic control, on blood pressure and lipids in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Catalonian primary care setting METHODS: A cluster, non-randomized, controlled pragmatic trial was conducted across 11 primary care centers. The intervention group (N=225) received a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, including a dedicated monographic consultation to address therapeutic inertia. The control group (N=181) mirrored the intervention group but lacked the monographic consultation. Secondary endpoints included lipid and blood pressure control assessed at baseline and after a 12-month follow-up. RESULTS 245 participants completed the study over 12 months. We found no differences in the reduction of lipid laboratory parameters between the groups at the final visit. However, no significant differences were found between the groups for other lipids or the proportion of participants achieving lipid target values. Likewise, no differences were noted between the groups for blood pressure, its target control, and treatment at the final visit. Various clinical factors such as age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, BMI, and macrovascular complications among the participants were associated with achieving lipid and blood pressure targets at the final visit. CONCLUSION The pragmatic multicomponent intervention proposed in the INTEGRA study, showed that including a component designed to reduce clinical inertia in the management of glycemia did not demonstrate benefits in improving lipids and blood pressure in patients with poorly controlled T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Vlacho
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Molló Iniesta
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Gratacòs
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Mata-Cases
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Rubinat
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Department of Nursing & Physiotherapy, Serra Hunter Lecture, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Society, Health, Education and Culture Research Group (GESEC) of the University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Cos
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; Innovation office at Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- DAP Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tesfaye H, Wang KM, Zabotka LE, Wexler DJ, Schmedt N, Koeneman L, Seman L, Paik JM, Patorno E. Empagliflozin and Risk of Incident Gout: Analysis from the EMPagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and SafEty (EMPRISE) Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:1870-1879. [PMID: 38710868 PMCID: PMC11282041 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is frequently observed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with increased risk of gout and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Empagliflozin lowers serum urate levels by enhancing its urinary excretion. OBJECTIVE To compare initiators of empagliflozin vs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and initiators of empagliflozin vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with respect to the risk of incident gout events. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Using three claims-based datasets from 08/2014 to 09/2019, we generated two cohorts (cohort 1: empagliflozin vs DPP4i; cohort 2: empagliflozin vs GLP-1RA) of adult patients with T2D and without prior history of gout or gout-specific medication dispensing separately in each dataset. To assess the risk of incident gout, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and rate differences (RD) per 1000 person-years (PY) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) before and after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching adjusting for 141 baseline covariates. KEY RESULTS We identified 102,262 pairs of 1:1 propensity score-matched adults in cohort 1 and 131,216 pairs in cohort 2. Over a mean follow-up period of 8 months on treatment, the risk of gout was lower in patients initiating empagliflozin compared to DPP4i (HR = 0.69: 95% CI (0.60-0.79); RD = - 2.27: 95% CI (- 3.08, 1.46)) or GLP-1RA (HR = 0.83: 95% CI (0.73-0.94); RD = - 0.99: 95% CI (- 1.66, - 0.32)). Results were consistent across subgroups (sex, age, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and concurrent diuretic use) and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Among adults with T2D, the initiation of empagliflozin vs a DPP4i or GLP-1RA was associated with lower risk of incident gout, complementing results from a post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and previously published observational research focusing on the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor class in more narrowly defined study populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tesfaye
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine M Wang
- Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke E Zabotka
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah J Wexler
- MGH Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niklas Schmedt
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Leo Seman
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Julie M Paik
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Galis P, Bartosova L, Farkasova V, Bartekova M, Ferenczyova K, Rajtik T. Update on clinical and experimental management of diabetic cardiomyopathy: addressing current and future therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1451100. [PMID: 39140033 PMCID: PMC11319149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1451100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe secondary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is diagnosed as a heart disease occurring in the absence of any previous cardiovascular pathology in diabetic patients. Although it is still lacking an exact definition as it combines aspects of both pathologies - T2DM and heart failure, more evidence comes forward that declares DCM as one complex disease that should be treated separately. It is the ambiguous pathological phenotype, symptoms or biomarkers that makes DCM hard to diagnose and screen for its early onset. This re-view provides an updated look on the novel advances in DCM diagnosis and treatment in the experimental and clinical settings. Management of patients with DCM proposes a challenge by itself and we aim to help navigate and advice clinicians with early screening and pharmacotherapy of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Farkasova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Ferenczyova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang WH, Wang CF, Wang H, Tang J, Zhang HQ, Zhu JY, Zheng XY, Luo SH, Ding Y. Association between glucose levels of children with type 1 diabetes and parental economic status in mobile health application. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1477-1488. [PMID: 39099806 PMCID: PMC11292339 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be influenced by the economic status of their parents. AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application. METHODS Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community, Tang-TangQuan®. Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income. Children were divided into three groups: Low-income (< 30000 Yuan), middle-income (30000-100000 Yuan), and high-income (> 100000 yuan) (1 Yuan = 0.145 United States Dollar approximately). Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS From September 2015 to August 2022, 1406 eligible children with T1D were included (779 female, 55.4%). Median age was 8.1 years (Q1-Q3: 4.6-11.6) and duration of T1D was 0.06 years (0.02-0.44). Participants were divided into three groups: Low-income (n = 320), middle-income (n = 724), and high-income (n = 362). Baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were comparable among the three groups (P = 0.072). However, at month 36, the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels (P = 0.036). Within three years after registration, glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups. Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose (r = -0.272, P = 0.012). After adjustment for confounders, parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels (odds ratio = 13.02, 95%CI: 1.99 to 126.05, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status. It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao-Fan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang-Yu Zhu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Si-Hui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Szymczak-Pajor I, Drzewoski J, Wenclewska S, Śliwińska A. Metformin-Associated Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Are Reduced by Probiotics: A Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:898. [PMID: 39065748 PMCID: PMC11279730 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, one of the most frequently used oral glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs), is associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events in approximately 20% of users. These unwanted actions result in non-compliance or even discontinuation of metformin therapy. The aim of the presented meta-analysis was to determine whether adding a drug from the group of sulfonylureas, glitazones, DPP-IV inhibitors, or probiotics to metformin monotherapy may affect the risk of GI side effects. The material for this meta-analysis comprised data from 26 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) published in English. This meta-analysis included 41,048 patients. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases were thoroughly searched to find relevant RCTs. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study Type (PICOT) structure was used to formulate study selection criteria and the research question. Cochrane Review Manager Software 5.4 was used to carry out analysis of collected data. The results were presented as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each group, and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. As expected from clinical practice, metformin was associated with a markedly increased risk of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting compared to placebo. In comparison to other GLDs, taking metformin was related to an elevated risk of diarrhea and abdominal pain and to a lowered risk of vomiting and bloating. In turn, adding other GLDs to metformin treatment was associated with an elevated risk of nausea and vomiting than treatment with metformin in monotherapy. However, adding probiotics to metformin therapy was related to a decreased risk of diarrhea, bloating, and constipation. The obtained results demonstrate that the combination of metformin with other GLDs may elevate the risk of nausea and vomiting, whereas combination with probiotics decreases the risk of diarrhea, bloating, and constipation. Thus, the results of our meta-analysis suggest that probiotics may reduce the risk of some GI side effects in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who started treatment with metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Wenclewska
- Provincial Hospital Named after Primate Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, 7 Armii Krajowej Str., 98-200 Sieradz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Almazrouei R, Rahman Siddiqua A, Alanqar A, Govender R, Al-Shamsi S. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict diabetes ketoacidosis resolution time in a tertiary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111763. [PMID: 38960043 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict prolonged diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) resolution time (DRT). METHODS We retrospectively extracted sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data from the electronic medical records of 394 adult patients with DKA admitted to Tawam Hospital between January 2017 and October 2022. Logistic regression stepwise model was developed to predict DRT ≥ 24 h. Model discrimination was evaluated using C-index and calibration was determined using calibration plot and Brier score. RESULTS The patients' average age was 34 years; 54 % were female. Using the stepwise model, the final variables including sex, diabetes mellitus type, loss of consciousness at presentation, presence of infection at presentation, body mass index, heart rate, and venous blood gas pH at presentation were used to generate a nomogram to predict DRT ≥ 24 h. The C-index was 0.76 in the stepwise model, indicating good discrimination. Despite the calibration curve of the stepwise model showing a slight overestimation of risk at higher predicted risk levels, the Brier score for the model was 0.17, indicating both good calibration and predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION An effective nomogram was established for estimating the likelihood of DRT ≥ 24 h, facilitating better resource allocation and personalized treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raya Almazrouei
- Division of Endocrinology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - AbdulRhman Alanqar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Romona Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif Al-Shamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Acosta G AJ, Chitneni E, Manzanares Vidals CJ, Modumudi S, Hammad S, Verma A, Rajesh RY, Khaliq A, Adeyemi O, Majeed F, Gujar RV. A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Effects. Cureus 2024; 16:e65707. [PMID: 39211720 PMCID: PMC11358602 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of inhibitors for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) has significantly improved type 2 diabetes management. Large-scale clinical studies have shown that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA enhance cardiovascular health. Benefits include reduced cardiovascular disease risk, lower mortality, fewer heart failure hospitalizations (SGLT2 inhibitors), and stroke prevention (GLP-1 RA). Additionally, these drugs slow chronic kidney disease progression. This comprehensive treatment targets vascular events. Despite differences, both drug classes are crucial. GLP-1 RA mainly reduce stroke risk, while SGLT2 inhibitors alleviate heart failure. Our findings, based on a literature review, will address the renal and cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA in both diabetics and non-diabetics, highlighting their combined benefits for heart conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo J Acosta G
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Alfredo Van Grieken, Coro, VEN
| | - Eesha Chitneni
- Internal Medicine, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Sravani Modumudi
- Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Sobia Hammad
- Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ashee Verma
- Internal Medicine, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Kota, IND
| | - Rahul Y Rajesh
- Internal Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | - Aimen Khaliq
- Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Farhat Majeed
- General Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
| | - Rucha V Gujar
- Internal Medicine, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
O'Hara DV, Janse RJ, Fu EL, Jardine MJ, Carrero JJ. Adherence and persistence to novel glucose-lowering medications in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing routine care. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111745. [PMID: 38876274 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess adherence and persistence to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in routine care. METHODS Using retrospective healthcare data from the Stockholm region, Sweden, we evaluated new-users of these agents during 2015-2020. We investigated adherence (≥80 % of days covered by an active supply), persistence (no treatment gap ≥ 60 days), and predictors for non-adherence and non-persistence. RESULTS We identified 24,470 new-users of SGLT2i (10,743), GLP1-RA (10,315), and/or DPP4i (9,488). Over 2.8 years median follow-up, the proportion demonstrating adherence was higher for SGLT2i (57 %) than DPP4i (53 %, comparison p < 0.001), and for GLP1-RA than DPP4i (54 % vs 53 %, p < 0.001). Similarly, persistence was higher for both SGLT2i and GLP-RA than DPP4i (respectively, 50 % vs 44 %, p < 0.001; 49 % vs 44 %, p < 0.001). Overall adherence was better among users who were older, had a history of high blood pressure, used more non-diabetic medications, had lower Hba1c, had better kidney function, and had completed secondary schooling or university. Women had worse adherence to SGLT2i and GLP1-RA than DPP4i. CONCLUSIONS We report adherence and persistence to SGLT2i, GLP1-RA and DPP4i in routine care, and identify prognostic factors that could inform implementation interventions to improve uptake of these important therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V O'Hara
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital Renal Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roemer J Janse
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard L Fu
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts USA
| | - Meg J Jardine
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden; Renal Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee DH, Oh JH, Jeon HJ, Oh TK. The Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors in Real-World Clinical Practice: Potential Cautionary Use in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1615-1626. [PMID: 38771472 PMCID: PMC11211288 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown safe and therapeutic efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCT) to reduce adverse cardiorenal events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 intervention in patients with T2D in a real-world clinical practice to confirm the validity of the RCT results. METHODS As a retrospective study, we evaluated medical records from 596 patients with T2D treated with SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) in addition to their prior drug regimen to improve glucose control between 2015 and 2019 in the Endocrinology Department at Chungbuk National University Hospital. No control arm was evaluated to compare the effects of adding SGLT inhibitors to the pre-existing regimen. The primary objective was the measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from each individual patient over a 36-month period at 6-month intervals. The secondary parameters were the measurement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body weight (Bwt) changes, as well as the monitoring of adverse events (AEs) and determining the reasons for drug discontinuation. RESULTS HbA1c levels were reduced at each of the time points throughout the 36-month period and were significantly reduced by 12.5% (P < 0.01) from time 0 (8.8 ± 1.3%) to 36 months (7.7 ± 1.0%). FPG levels [from basal (180 ± 60 mg/dL) to 36 months (138 ± 38 mg/dL)] and Bwt [from basal (74 ± 15 kg) to 36 months (72 ± 15 kg)] were also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) for both measurements in the SGLT2 inhibitor add-on group. Similar to HbA1c profile, the FPG and Bwt were measured at a consistently lower level at 6 months until the end of the study. The most common AEs were hypoglycemia (n = 57), genitourinary infection (GUI) (n = 31), and polyuria (n = 28). In the elderly population (≥ 75 years old), AEs (31%) were generally more prevalent (P < 0.001) than those (21%) in the adult (< 75 years old) patients. Over the study period, 211 (35%) patients either dropped or completely discontinued the use of the SGLT2 inhibitor, and the elderly patients tended to have a higher discontinuation rate (52%; P = 0.005) than the adults (33%). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors are an effective and durable hypoglycemic agent to control blood glucose levels with reduced maintenance of Bwt, but their use in the elderly (≥ 75 years old) patients with T2D may warrant some additional caution due to increased probability of AEs and discontinuation of drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-City, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Oh
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-City, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Oh
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-City, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ali AM, Cobran EK, Young HN. Individual, interpersonal, and community factors associated with health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at federally qualified health centers. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1071-1080. [PMID: 38932882 PMCID: PMC11196555 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To examine factors of influence in diabetes management and their association with self-reported health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Methods This cross-sectional study examined data from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS). Predictor variables were categorized across three levels of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework. Outcome variables retrieved from HCPS included self-reports of blood glucose levels, and diabetes-related emergency department (ED)/hospital visits during past year. Results A total of 936 patients with diabetes were included. Most (65%) participants received a diabetes self-management plan. During the previous year, 72% received > = 2 A1C checks, 52% reported high blood glucose levels, and 12% visited an ED/hospital. Multivariable results showed that insulin use and receiving a self-management plan were associated with high blood glucose levels and ED/hospital visits. Community factors of being unable to get medications and receiving a specialist foot exam were respectively associated with high blood glucose levels and ED/hospital visits. Conclusion Different factors were associated with health outcomes in patients with diabetes treated at FQHCs. Identifying these factors can help with targeted screening and follow-up and assessing potential interventions to improve health outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01388-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma M. Ali
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Whitney Way, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Ewan K. Cobran
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Samuel C. Johnson Research Building 2, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| | - Henry N. Young
- Department Head and Kroger Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Robert C. Wilson Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Rm: 270-J, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|