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Tarçin G, Bayramoğlu E, Güneş Kaya D, Karakaş H, Demirbaş KC, Turan H, Evliyaoğlu O. The role of body composition and appetite-regulating hormones in idiopathic central precocious puberty and their changes during GnRH analog therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02413-3. [PMID: 38896175 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It was aimed to compare circulating levels of ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide (NPY) between girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and prepubertal girls, as well as to evaluate alterations in these hormone levels and body composition during leuprolide acetate treatment in girls with ICPP. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on girls with isolated premature thelarche (IPT), girls with ICPP, and age-matched prepubertal controls. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis and appetite-regulating hormone level measurements were performed in each group and also at the 6th and 12th months of the leuprolide acetate treatment for the girls with ICPP. RESULTS Seventy-three girls participated in the study (24 girls with ICPP, 28 with IPT, and 21 prepubertal controls). No significant differences were observed in ghrelin, leptin, PYY, and NPY levels among the three groups. Leuprolide acetate treatment resulted in increased leptin, decreased PYY and NPY levels, and no significant changes in ghrelin. Despite no significant change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), body fat percentage increased during treatment. CONCLUSION While appetite-regulating hormones do not seem to directly contribute to precocious puberty pathogenesis, puberty blockade was shown to lead to altered levels of these hormones along with changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tarçin
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - E Bayramoğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Güneş Kaya
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Karakaş
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K C Demirbaş
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Turan
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Evliyaoğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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He W, Loganathan N, Tran A, Belsham DD. Npy transcription is regulated by noncanonical STAT3 signaling in hypothalamic neurons: Implication with lipotoxicity and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112179. [PMID: 38387703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (Npy) is an abundant neuropeptide expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. NPY-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulate energy homeostasis, and Npy mRNA expression is regulated by peripheral nutrient and hormonal signals like leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fatty acids. This study demonstrates that IL-6, which phosphorylates tyrosine 705 (Y705) of STAT3, decreased Npy mRNA in arcuate immortalized hypothalamic neurons. In parallel, inhibitors of STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation, stattic and cucurbitacin I, robustly upregulated Npy mRNA. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed high baseline total STAT3 binding to multiple regulatory regions of the Npy gene, which are decreased by IL-6 exposure. The STAT3-Npy interaction was further examined in obesity-related pathologies. Notably, in four different hypothalamic neuronal models where palmitate potently stimulated Npy mRNA, Socs3, a specific STAT3 activity marker, was downregulated and was negatively correlated with Npy mRNA levels (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001), suggesting that disrupted STAT3 signaling is involved in lipotoxicity-mediated dysregulation of Npy. Finally, human NPY SNPs that map to human obesity or body mass index were investigated for potential STAT3 binding sites. Although none of the SNPs were linked to direct STAT3 binding, analysis show that rs17149106 (-602 G > T) is located on an upstream enhancer element of NPY, where the variant is predicted to disrupt validated binding of KLF4, a known inhibitory cofactor of STAT3 and downstream effector of leptin signaling. Collectively, this study demonstrates that STAT3 signaling negatively regulates Npy transcription, and that disruption of this interaction may contribute to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan He
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andy Tran
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Manglani K, Anika NN, Patel D, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Sudan S, Alimohamed Z, Tiwari K. Correlation of Leptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2024; 16:e57667. [PMID: 38707092 PMCID: PMC11070180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) poses serious public health concerns. In this review, we focus on the role of leptin in type 2 DM. The peripheral actions of leptin consist of upregulating proinflammatory cytokines which play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM and insulin resistance. Moreover, leptin is known to inhibit insulin secretion and plays a significant role in insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 DM. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published until December 2023. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were used: "Diabetes Mellitus," "Leptin," "NPY," and "Biomarker." This article aims to discuss the physiology of leptin in type 2 DM, its glucoregulatory actions, its relationship with appetite, the impact that various lifestyle modifications can have on leptin levels, and, finally, explore leptin as a potential target for various treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Manglani
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dhriti Patel
- Medicine and Surgery, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Medicine and Surgery, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, IND
| | - Sourav Sudan
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajouri, Rajouri, IND
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, USA
| | - Kripa Tiwari
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
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4
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Patel B, Koysombat K, Mills EG, Tsoutsouki J, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS. The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:30-68. [PMID: 37467734 PMCID: PMC10765167 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) and neurokinin B (NKB) are neuropeptides that govern the reproductive endocrine axis through regulating hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal activity and pulsatile GnRH secretion. Their critical role in reproductive health was first identified after inactivating variants in genes encoding for KP or NKB signaling were shown to result in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and a failure of pubertal development. Over the past 2 decades since their discovery, a wealth of evidence from both basic and translational research has laid the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Beyond KP's function in the hypothalamus, it is also expressed in the placenta, liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, bone, and limbic regions, giving rise to several avenues of research for use in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy, metabolic, liver, bone, and behavioral disorders. The role played by NKB in stimulating the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to mediate menopausal hot flashes has led to the development of medications that antagonize its action as a novel nonsteroidal therapeutic agent for this indication. Furthermore, the ability of NKB antagonism to partially suppress (but not abolish) the reproductive endocrine axis has supported its potential use for the treatment of various reproductive disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. This review will provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the preclinical and clinical data that have paved the way for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of KP and NKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jovanna Tsoutsouki
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
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Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Elcombe CS, Powls S, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Padmanabhan V, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Preconceptional and in utero exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture disrupts key markers of energy metabolism in male offspring. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13358. [PMID: 38087451 PMCID: PMC10841670 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over recent decades, an extensive array of anthropogenic chemicals have entered the environment and have been implicated in the increased incidence of an array of diseases, including metabolic syndrome. The ubiquitous presence of these environmental chemicals (ECs) necessitates the use of real-life exposure models to the assess cumulative risk burden to metabolic health. Sheep that graze on biosolids-treated pastures are exposed to a real-life mixture of ECs such as phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and metabolites thereof, and this EC exposure can result in metabolic disorders in their offspring. Using this model, we evaluated the effects of gestational exposure to a complex EC mixture on plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and metabolic and epigenetic regulatory genes in tissues key to energy regulation and storage, including the hypothalamus, liver, and adipose depots of 11-month-old male offspring. Our results demonstrated a binary effect of EC exposure on gene expression particularly in the hypothalamus. Principal component analysis revealed two subsets (B-S1 [n = 6] and B-S2 [n = 4]) within the biosolids group (B, n = 10), relative to the controls (C, n = 11). Changes in body weight, TG levels, and in gene expression in the hypothalamus, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were apparent between biosolid and control and the two subgroups of biosolids animals. These findings demonstrate that gestational exposure to an EC mixture results in differential regulation of metabolic processes in adult male offspring. Binary effects on hypothalamic gene expression and altered expression of lipid metabolism genes in visceral and subcutaneous fat, coupled with phenotypic outcomes, point to differences in individual susceptibility to EC exposure that could predispose vulnerable individuals to later metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris S Elcombe
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samantha Powls
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard G Lea
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Neil P Evans
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, Zapata F, Palazón-Carrión N, Sánchez-León ML, Tami M, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15530. [PMID: 36555171 PMCID: PMC9779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Zapata
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Hafida S, Apovian C. Physiology of the Weight-Reduced State and Its Impact on Weight Regain. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:795-815. [PMID: 36244694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by long duration, slow progression, and periods of remission and relapses. Despite the development of effective medical and surgical interventions and millions of people conducting tremendous personal efforts to manage their weight every year, recidivism remains a significant barrier to attaining long-term weight maintenance. This review aimed to explain the underlying physiology of the weight-reduced state including changes in energy balance, adipose tissue, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that may predispose individuals to weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hafida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, 72 East, Concord Street C3 (Room 321 A), Collamore Building, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Suite RFB-2, Brigham and Women's at 221 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:313. [PMID: 35087956 PMCID: PMC8764563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to review the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ambler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timna Hitrec
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anthony Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Turan S, Sarioglu FC, Erbas IM, Cavusoglu B, Karagöz E, Şişman AR, Güney SA, Güleryüz H, Abaci A, Ozturk Y, Akay AP. Altered regional grey matter volume and appetite-related hormone levels in adolescent obesity with or without binge-eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2555-2562. [PMID: 33548051 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent and persistent overeating episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. The aim was to evaluate regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and appetite-regulating hormone levels (NPY and Leptin) in obese subjects either with or without BED compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS Twenty-six obese patients with BED, 25 obese patients without BED and 27 healthy subjects as an age-matched control group with neuroimaging and appetite-regulating hormone levels were found eligible for regional GMV abnormalities. A structural magnetic resonance scan and timely blood samples were drawn to assess the appetite-regulating hormone levels. RESULTS The BED obese patients had a greater GMVs of the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the left medial OFC compared to the non-BED obese patients. BED patients were characterized by greater GMV of the left medial OFC than HCs. Relative to the HCs, higher serum NPY levels were found in BED obese and non-BED obese groups. Serum leptin levels (pg/mL) had positively correlations with GMV in right medial OFC, left medial OFC, right lateral OFC, and left anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION Among the reward processing network, which is largely associated with feeding behaviours in individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, the OFC volumes was correlated with serum leptin concentrations. The results of our study may provide a rationale for exploring the link between regional grey matter volumes and appetite-related hormone levels in people with BED. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tekirdağ State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Ceren Sarioglu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Mert Erbas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Cavusoglu
- Health Sciences Institutes, Department of Medical Physics, Institute of HealthSciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Karagöz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Şişman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevay Alsen Güney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Handan Güleryüz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abaci
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aynur Pekcanlar Akay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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10
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:313. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to take a critical view of the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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11
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Lieu CV, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus. Cells 2021; 10:3120. [PMID: 34831343 PMCID: PMC8617942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin V. Lieu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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12
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Jung J, Lee SM, Lee MJ, Ryu JS, Song JH, Lee JE, Kang G, Kwon OS, Park JY. Lipidomics reveals that acupuncture modulates the lipid metabolism and inflammatory interaction in a mouse model of depression. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:424-436. [PMID: 33607237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious disease that has considerable impact on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that leptin, which is well known as a mediator of energy homeostasis and is a cytokine in inflammatory response, plays an important role in depression. Acupuncture is widely used to treat depression; however, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of acupuncture on depression remain poorly understood. In this study, we utilized the chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced depression model and acupuncture treatment was performed at KI10, LR8, LU8, LR4 (AP) or non-acupoint (NP). Then, lipidomics was applied to investigate the effects of acupuncture on lipid metabolism and analyze leptin signals in the brain and changes of immune markers. Acupuncture treatment at AP improved depression-like behavior in an open-field test, forced swimming test, and marble burying test. Concurrently, CRS mice treated with AP acupuncture (CRS + AP) had significantly lower levels of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST, liver injury markers) and exhibited different lipid patterns in liver lipidomic profiles. In particular, triglycerides (TGs) contributed the change of lipid patterns. Compared to the CRS mice, TGs with relatively high degrees of unsaturated fatty acids increased in the CRS + AP mice, but did not change in CRS mice treated with NP acupuncture (CRS + NP). The levels of leptin in plasma and leptin receptor positive cells in the brain (hypothalamus and hippocampus) decreased and increased, respectively, in the CRS + AP mice, while opposite patterns were exhibited in the CRS and CRS + NP mice. These results indicated that acupuncture treatment at AP attenuated leptin insensitivity in CRS mice. Additionally, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were decreased in the spleen, plasma, and liver of CRS + AP mice, which was one of results of alleviation of leptin resistance. In conclusion, these results show that AP acupuncture treatment effectively alleviated the depression-like behavior, affected immune responses, and altered hepatic lipid metabolism through the attenuation of leptin insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Min Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Kang
- Clinical Trial Center, Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital, 1140-23 Hoejae-ro, Nam-Gu, Gwangju 16729, Republic of Korea
| | - O Sang Kwon
- Department of Meridian and Acupuncture Points, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Martínez-Sánchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176039. [PMID: 32839413 PMCID: PMC7503240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone discovered almost 30 years ago with important implications in metabolism. It is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT) in proportion to the amount of fat. The discovery of leptin was a turning point for two principle reasons: on one hand, it generated promising expectations for the treatment of the obesity, and on the other, it changed the classical concept that white adipose tissue was simply an inert storage organ. Thus, adipocytes in WAT produce the majority of leptin and, although its primary role is the regulation of fat stores by controlling lipolysis and lipogenesis, this hormone also has implications in other physiological processes within WAT, such as apoptosis, browning and inflammation. Although a massive number of questions related to leptin actions have been answered, the necessity for further clarification facilitates constantly renewing interest in this hormone and its pathways. In this review, leptin actions in white adipose tissue will be summarized in the context of obesity.
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14
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Nogueira G, Solon C, Carraro RS, Engel DF, Ramalho AF, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Gaspar RS, Bombassaro B, Vasques AC, Geloneze B, Vinolo MA, Donato Junior J, Velloso LA. Interleukin-17 acts in the hypothalamus reducing food intake. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:272-285. [PMID: 31863824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is expressed in the intestine in response to changes in the gut microbiome landscape and plays an important role in intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that dietary factors can also modify the expression of intestinal IL-17. Here, we hypothesized that, similar to several other gut-produced factors, IL-17 may act in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake. We confirm that food intake increases IL-17 expression in the mouse ileum and human blood. There is no expression of IL-17 in the hypothalamus; however, IL-17 receptor A is expressed in both pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. Upon systemic injection, IL-17 promoted a rapid increase in hypothalamic POMC expression, which was followed by a late increase in the expression of AgRP. Both systemic and intracerebroventricular injections of IL-17 reduced calorie intake without affecting whole-body energy expenditure. Systemic but not intracerebroventricular injection of IL-17 increase brown adipose tissue temperature. Thus, IL-17 is a gut-produced factor that is controlled by diet and modulates food intake by acting in the hypothalamus. Our findings provide the first evidence of a cytokine that is acutely regulated by food intake and plays a role in the regulation of eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Carraro
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana C Vasques
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato Junior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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15
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Seoane-Collazo P, Martínez-Sánchez N, Milbank E, Contreras C. Incendiary Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020472. [PMID: 32069871 PMCID: PMC7071158 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
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16
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Zendehdel M, Khodadadi M, Vosoughi A, Mokhtarpouriani K, Baghbanzadeh A. β2 adrenergic receptors and leptin interplay to decrease food intake in chicken. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:156-163. [PMID: 31846591 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1704687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of different α and [Formula: see text] adrenergic receptor antagonists on leptin-induced hypophagia in broiler chickens.2. The study consisted of six experiments. In all experiments, chickens were deprived of feed for 3 h prior to the ICV injections and thereafter were returned immediately to the individual cages and cumulative feed intake, based on the percentage of body weight, was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection.3. In experiment 1, leptin (2.5, 5 or 10 µg) were injected in birds. In experiment 2, groups received either control solution, prazosin (10 nmol), leptin (10 µg) or a co-injection of prazosin (10 nmol) and leptin (10 µg). The other experiments were conducted as experiment 2, but instead of prazosine (10 nmol), yohimbine (13 nmol) was used in experiment 3, metoprolol (24 nmol) in experiment 4, ICI 118,551 (5 nmol) in experiment 5 and SR 59230R (5 nmol) in experiment 6 were injected either in a group or in combination with leptin (10 µg).4. The results of this study revealed a dose-dependent hypophagic effect of leptin and, in experiment 5, ICV co-injection of ICI118, 551 (5 nmol) and leptin (10 µg) significantly attenuated this effect (P˂0.5). These results suggest that the hypophagic effect of leptin is probably mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Vosoughi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Mokhtarpouriani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wan XQ, Zeng F, Huang XF, Yang HQ, Wang L, Shi YC, Zhang ZH, Lin S. Risperidone stimulates food intake and induces body weight gain via the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus 5-HT2c receptor-NPY pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:558-566. [PMID: 31880085 PMCID: PMC7163792 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Many patients taking risperidone for the treatment of psychiatric disorders experience substantial body weight gain. Researchers have speculated that risperidone induces obesity by modulating central signals; however, the precise central mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated. Methods Twenty‐four C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a control group; a risperidone‐treated group; a lorcaserin‐treated group; and a combined risperidone + lorcaserin‐treated group. The mice were received the corresponding treatments for 4 weeks, and their brains were collected for in situ hybridization analysis. A subset of C57BL/6J mice was administrated with risperidone or placebo, and brains were collected 60 minutes post‐treatment for determination of c‐fos activity. In addition, brains of NPY‐GFP mice treated with or without risperidone were collected to perform colocalization of NPY and c‐fos, as well as NPY and 5‐HT2c receptor using immunohistochemistry. Results There was significantly elevated c‐fos expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) of risperidone‐treated mice. More than 68% c‐fos‐positive neurons were NPY‐expressing neurons. Furthermore, in situ hybridization revealed that Arc NPY mRNA expression was significantly increased in the risperidone‐treated group compared with control group. Moreover, we identified that 95% 5‐HT2c receptors were colocalized with NPY positive neurons, and increased Arc NPY mRNA expression induced by risperidone was markedly reduced by cotreatment with lorcaserin, a specific 5‐HT2c receptor agonist. Conclusion Our findings provide critical insight into the mechanisms underlying antipsychotic‐induced obesity, which may assist the development of therapeutic strategies to address metabolic side effects of risperidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - He-Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Currently Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Leptin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Antiobesity Effects of Peanut Skin Extract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2935315. [PMID: 31737168 PMCID: PMC6815585 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2935315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive food intake and metabolic disorder promote obesity and diabetes. In China, peanut skin is used as a herbal medicine to treat hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hepatic hemorrhage. In the present study, we demonstrated that peanut skin extract (PSE) safely reduced appetite, body weight, fat tissue, plasma TG and TC, and blood glucose level in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Moreover, the leptin/leptin receptor/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adiponectin signaling pathways involved in the antiobesity effects of PSE are confirmed through leptin and adiponectin overexpression and leptin receptor silencing in mice. PSE consisted of oligosaccharide and polyphenol in a mass ratio of 45 : 55, and both parts were important for the antiobesity function of PSE. Our results suggested that PSE can be developed as functional medical food to treat metabolic disorders and obesity.
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19
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Relationship between hedonic hunger and serum levels of insulin, leptin and BDNF in the Iranian population. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:84-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Butler MJ, Eckel LA. Eating as a motivated behavior: modulatory effect of high fat diets on energy homeostasis, reward processing and neuroinflammation. Integr Zool 2019; 13:673-686. [PMID: 29851251 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Eating is a basic motivated behavior that provides fuel for the body and supports brain function. To ensure survival, the brain's feeding circuits are tuned to monitor peripheral energy balance and promote food-seeking behavior when energy stores are low. The brain's bias toward a positive energy state, which is necessary to ensure adequate nutrition during times of food scarcity, is evolutionarily conserved across mammalian species and is likely to drive overeating in the presence of a palatable, energy-dense diet. Animal models of diet-induced overeating have played a vital role in investigating how the drive to consume palatable food may override the homeostatic processes that serve to maintain energy balance. These animal models have provided valuable insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying homeostatic and non-homeostatic eating, motivation and food reward, and the development of obesity and related comorbidities. Here, we provide a brief review of this literature and discuss how diet-induced inflammation in the central nervous system impacts the neural control of food intake and regulation of body weight. The connection between diet and the immune system provides an exciting new direction for the study of ingestive behavior and the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa A Eckel
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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21
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Wang R, Yuan J, Zhang C, Wang L, Liu Y, Song L, Zhong W, Chen X, Dong J. Neuropeptide Y-Positive Neurons in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Are Involved in the Anorexic Effect of Angptl8. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:451. [PMID: 30618603 PMCID: PMC6305345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (Angptl8), a recently identified member of the angiopoietin-like protein family (ANGPTLs), is a 22-kDa peptide synthesized in the liver. It participates in lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, consequently increasing the triglyceride levels. Despite evidence that Angptl8 is involved in feeding control, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Central and peripheral injections of Angptl8 significantly decreased food intake. Angptl8 was widely expressed in appetite-related nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), the ventromedial hypothalamus, and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the hypothalamus. Peripheral Angptl8 administration decreased c-Fos-positive neurons in the DMH. Central Angptl8 administration decreased c-Fos-positive neurons in the DMH and PVN but increased these neurons in the ARC. Angptl8 inhibited appetite via neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the DMH. Furthermore, the chronic administration of Angptl8 decreased body weight gain and altered adipose tissue deposits. Nevertheless, neither peripheral nor central Angptl8 influenced the brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology or uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) expression in BAT. Taken together, these data suggested that Angptl8 modulates appetite and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liuxin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weizhen Zhong
- Institute of Foundation Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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22
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Wójcik M, Krawczyńska A, Antushevich H, Herman AP. Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1843. [PMID: 29932147 PMCID: PMC6073700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes in an organism. Determination of the correct structure and functioning of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) allowed for a more detailed research of its post-receptor regulators, which substantially influences its signal transduction. This review is focused on the description of the post-receptor inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT pathway, which is one of the most important pathways in the transduction of the somatotropic axis signal. The aim of this review is the short characterization of the main post-receptor inhibitors, such as: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1, 2 and 3, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS) 1, 3 and PIAS4, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) 1B and H1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 1, 2 and signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α1. The equilibrium between these regulators activity and inhibition is of special concern because, as many studies showed, even slight imbalance may disrupt the GH activity causing serious diseases. The regulation of the described inhibitors expression and activity may be a point of interest for pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agata Krawczyńska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
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Chen IJ, Yeh YH, Hsu CH. Therapeutic Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding in Abdominally Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:782-790. [PMID: 29723106 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acupuncture and electroacupuncture have been proved to be beneficial in weight control among obese women. Acupoint catgut embedding treatment, a derivative type of acupuncture, is considered to be more effective than acupuncture and electroacupuncture in reducing weight. This study is to investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of acupoint stimulation by catgut embedding in obese women. The influence of catgut embedding on obesity-related hormones was also examined. SUBJECT/METHODS In this randomized, double-blind trial, ninety obese women with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm were randomized to catgut embedding group A (n = 45) and sham catgut embedding group B (n = 45) for 6-week treatment with frequency 1 time/week. Body weight (BW), BMI, and WC were measured at the beginning and after 6 weeks along with biochemical data, obesity-related hormones and quality of life. RESULTS After 6-week treatment, BW reduction in catgut embedding group A was greater than sham catgut embedding group B (-1.65 kg vs. -0.38 kg, p < 0.001). Greater WC reduction was also noted in group A compared to group B (4.84 cm vs. 1.68 cm, p = 0.04). The trend of triglyceride and glycohemoglobin also revealed decline after catgut embedding treatment. Leptin to adiponectin ratio was shown to decrease significantly (3.0 ± 4.8 to 1.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.043) following the catgut embedding treatment. No serious adverse events were reported during the treatment course. CONCLUSIONS Under complete antiseptic condition, catgut embedding is a safe and effective adjunct treatment in reducing weight and WC in obese women, which is likely through improving leptin resistance in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ju Chen
- 1 Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Taiwan International Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Center , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei Taiwan .,4 Zhenju Chinese Medicine Clinic , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Hsiang Yeh
- 1 Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Taiwan International Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- 1 Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Taiwan International Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Center , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei Taiwan
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Lei MM, Wei CK, Chen Z, Yosefi S, Zhu HX, Shi ZD. Anti-leptin receptor antibodies strengthen leptin biofunction in growing chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:223-230. [PMID: 29247679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against the extracellular domains of the chicken leptin receptor were used to study the biological function of leptin in growing chickens. Both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-LEPR antibodies were administered intramuscularly to 30-d-old Chinese indigenous Gushi pullets. Both antibody preparations increased feed intake for 6 h after injection and reduced plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and both high- and low-density lipoproteins. The antibody treatments also upregulated agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus and downregulated proopiomelanocortin, melanocortin 4 receptor, and leptin receptor. The treatments also upregulated leptin receptor, acetyl CoA carboxylase beta, and acyl-CoA oxidase in the liver, abdominal fat, and breast muscle and downregulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, even though the anti-leptin receptor antibodies failed to affect leptin receptor signaling transduction when administered alone, they did augment the induction of leptin receptor signaling transduction by leptin. These results demonstrate that antibodies against the extracellular domains of leptin-specific receptor enhance, but do not mimic, the ability of leptin to activate receptors. Furthermore, the enhanced leptin bioactivity observed after the intramuscular injection of anti-LEPR antibodies confirmed the occurrence of de novo leptin in the peripheral tissues and blood of treated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lei
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, MOA, Nanjing 210014, China; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - C K Wei
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, MOA, Nanjing 210014, China; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, MOA, Nanjing 210014, China; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - S Yosefi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - H X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, MOA, Nanjing 210014, China; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Z D Shi
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, MOA, Nanjing 210014, China; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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25
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Horne R, Foster JA. Metabolic and Microbiota Measures as Peripheral Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 30405455 PMCID: PMC6204462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the role of the microbiome in physical and mental health are at the forefront of medical research and hold potential to have a direct impact on precision medicine approaches. In the past 7 years, we have studied the role of microbiota-brain communication on behavior in mouse models using germ-free mice, mice exposed to antibiotics, and healthy specific pathogen free mice. Through our work and that of others, we have seen an amazing increase in our knowledge of how bacteria signal to the brain and the implications this has for psychiatry. Gut microbiota composition and function are influenced both by genetics, age, sex, diet, life experiences, and many other factors of psychiatric and bodily disorders and thus may act as potential biomarkers of the gut-brain axis that could be used in psychiatry and co-morbid conditions. There is a particular need in major depressive disorder and other mental illness to identify biomarkers that can stratify patients into more homogeneous groups to provide better treatment and for development of new therapeutic approaches. Peripheral outcome measures of host-microbe bidirectional communication have significant translational value as biomarkers. Enabling stratification of clinical populations, based on individual biological differences, to predict treatment response to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Here we consider the links between co-morbid metabolic syndrome and depression, focusing on biomarkers including leptin and ghrelin in combination with assessing gut microbiota composition, as a potential tool to help identify individual differences in depressed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Horne
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Forner-Piquer I, Maradonna F, Gioacchini G, Santangeli S, Allarà M, Piscitelli F, Habibi HR, Di Marzo V, Carnevali O. Dose-Specific Effects of Di-Isononyl Phthalate on the Endocannabinoid System and on Liver of Female Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3462-3476. [PMID: 28938452 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates, used as plasticizers, have become a ubiquitous contaminant and have been reported for their potential to induce toxicity in living organisms. Among them, di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been recently used to replace di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Nowadays, there is evidence that DiNP is an endocrine-disrupting chemical; however, little is known about its effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and lipid metabolism. Hence, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of DiNP on the ECS in zebrafish liver and brain and on hepatic lipid storage. To do so, adult female zebrafish were exposed to three concentrations (0.42 µg/L, 4.2 µg/L, and 42 µg/L) of DiNP via water for 3 weeks. Afterwards, we investigated transcript levels for genes involved in the ECS of the brain and liver as well as liver histology and image analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy imaging, and measurement of endocannabinoid levels. Our results demonstrate that DiNP upregulates orexigenic signals and causes hepatosteatosis together with deregulation of the peripheral ECS and lipid metabolism. A decrease in the levels of ECS components at the central level was observed after exposure to the highest DiNP concentration tested. These findings suggest that replacement of DEHP with DiNP should be considered with caution because of observed adverse DiNP effects on aquatic organisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Endocrine Disruptors/pharmacology
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glycerides/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipoprotein Lipase/drug effects
- Lipoprotein Lipase/genetics
- Lipoprotein Lipase/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Phospholipase D/drug effects
- Phospholipase D/genetics
- Phospholipase D/metabolism
- Phthalic Acids/pharmacology
- Plasticizers/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Santangeli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T3B 2V4, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Conzorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Medrano M, Aguinaga D, Reyes-Resina I, Canela EI, Mallol J, Navarro G, Franco R. Orexin A/Hypocretin Modulates Leptin Receptor-Mediated Signaling by Allosteric Modulations Mediated by the Ghrelin GHS-R1A Receptor in Hypothalamic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4718-4730. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Xiang L, Li J, Wang Q, Tang R, Qi J. Leptin Gene Transfer Improves Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Regulating Leptin Signaling Pathway and Insulin Resistance of Peripheral Tissues. Hum Gene Ther 2017. [PMID: 28622065 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The leptin gene was transferred into the liver of streptozocin- and high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice by hydrodynamic-based gene delivery. The food intake, water consumption, glucose concentration, and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of T2D mice were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, plasma leptin was remarkably increased after gene transfer for 2, 3, 5, and 7 days, while plasma adiponectin was also significantly increased at day 2. To understand the mechanism of action of leptin on T2D mice, gene expressions related to glycometabolism and energy metabolism in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, hypothalamus, and muscle were measured. The mRNA expression levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADR1), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), glucose-6-phosphase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in the liver, leptin, adiponectin, and hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, leptin, leptin-receptor, ADR1 in the hypothalamus, and ADR1, GLUT4, and insulin 1 in the gastrocnemius significantly increased. Moreover, the hepatic glycogen of the leptin-gene-treated group was significantly increased in comparison to the control group. Meanwhile, the significant decrease of forkhead box O1, adiponectin receptor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the liver, and agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin genes in the hypothalamus were also observed. In fat tissue and hypothalamus, leptin and adiponectin protein levels were also significantly increased, whereas the neuropeptide Y protein level was significantly decreased. These results indicated that the leptin gene transfer could improve the symptoms of T2D mice by regulating the leptin-hypothalamus signaling pathway and improving the insulin resistance of the peripheral tissues of T2D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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Russell AL, Grimes JM, Cruthirds DF, Westerfield J, Wooten L, Keil M, Weiser MJ, Landauer MR, Handa RJ, Wu TJ, Larco DO. Dietary Isoflavone-Dependent and Estradiol Replacement Effects on Body Weight in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:457-465. [PMID: 28482370 PMCID: PMC5820000 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol is known to regulate energy metabolism and body weight. Ovariectomy results in body weight gain while estradiol administration results in a reversal of weight gain. Isoflavones, found in rodent chow, can mimic estrogenic effects making it crucial to understand the role of these compounds on metabolic regulation. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of dietary isoflavones on body weight regulation in the ovariectomized rat. This study will examine how dietary isoflavones can interact with estradiol treatment to affect body weight. Consistent with previous findings, animals fed an isoflavone-rich diet had decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin levels (p<0.05) compared to animals fed an isoflavone-free diet. Estradiol replacement resulted in decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin (p<0.05). Current literature suggests the involvement of cytokines in the inflammatory response of body weight gain. We screened a host of cytokines and chemokines that may be altered by dietary isoflavones or estradiol replacement. Serum cytokine analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) diet-dependent increases in inflammatory cytokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine). The isoflavone-free diet in OVX rats resulted in the regulation of the following cytokines and chemokines: interleukin-10, interleukin-18, serum regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p<0.05). Overall, these results reveal that estradiol treatment can have differential effects on energy metabolism and body weight regulation depending on the presence of isoflavones in rodent chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Russell
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Moran Grimes
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danette F. Cruthirds
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Westerfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawren Wooten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Human Nutrition & Health, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R. Landauer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darwin O. Larco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Argente J, García-Segura LM, Chowen JA. Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28377744 PMCID: PMC5359311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain is composed of numerous cell types, neurons have received the vast majority of attention in the attempt to understand how this organ functions. Neurons are indeed fundamental but, in order for them to function correctly, they rely on the surrounding "non-neuronal" cells. These different cell types, which include glia, epithelial cells, pericytes, and endothelia, supply essential substances to neurons, in addition to protecting them from dangerous substances and situations. Moreover, it is now clear that non-neuronal cells can also actively participate in determining neuronal signaling outcomes. Due to the increasing problem of obesity in industrialized countries, investigation of the central control of energy balance has greatly increased in attempts to identify new therapeutic targets. This has led to interesting advances in our understanding of how appetite and systemic metabolism are modulated by non-neuronal cells. For example, not only are nutrients and hormones transported into the brain by non-neuronal cells, but these cells can also metabolize these metabolic factors, thus modifying the signals reaching the neurons. The hypothalamus is the main integrating center of incoming metabolic and hormonal signals and interprets this information in order to control appetite and systemic metabolism. Hence, the factors transported and released from surrounding non-neuronal cells will undoubtedly influence metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on what is known to date regarding the involvement of different cell types in the transport and metabolism of nutrients and hormones in the hypothalamus. The possible involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular glial cells, in physiopathological outcomes of poor dietary habits and excess weight gain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Laboratory of Neuroactive Steroids, Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Beck WR, Scariot PPM, Carmo SSD, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Gobatto CA. Metabolic profile and spontaneous physical activity modulation under short-term food restriction in young rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Talbi R, Laran-Chich MP, Magoul R, El Ouezzani S, Simonneaux V. Kisspeptin and RFRP-3 differentially regulate food intake and metabolic neuropeptides in the female desert jerboa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36057. [PMID: 27805048 PMCID: PMC5090964 DOI: 10.1038/srep36057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Jerboas are wild rodents exhibiting exceptional adaptation to their desert environment. Under harsh autumn conditions, they shut down reproduction, increase body weight and hibernate, while during spring they become sexually active even under negative energy-balance. We recently reported that these rhythms are associated with synchronized changes in genes expressing reproductive (Kiss1, Rfrp) and metabolic (Npy and Pomc) peptides, raising the hypothesis of coordinated seasonal regulation of both functions. Here we analyzed whether kisspeptin and RFRP-3 regulate food-intake in parallel to their established reproductive functions. Intracerebroventricular administration of kisspeptin inhibited food intake by 1.5-fold in fasted, but not ad-libitum fed, female jerboas captured in spring, an effect associated with an increase in Pomc and decrease in Rfrp mRNA levels. By contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of RFRP-3 induced a 4-fold increase in food-intake in ad-libitum female jerboas, together with a decrease in Pomc and increase in Npy mRNA levels. This orexigenic effect of RFRP-3 was observed in both spring and autumn, whereas kisspeptin's anorexigenic effect was only observed in spring. Altogether, this study reports opposite metabolic effects of kisspeptin and RFRP-3 in the female jerboa and strengthens our hypothesis of a coordinated, season-dependent, regulation of reproductive activity and food intake through interactions of these hypothalamic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajae Talbi
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS, FES, Morocco.,Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Laran-Chich
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabia Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS, FES, Morocco
| | - Seloua El Ouezzani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1796-ATLAS, FES, Morocco
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Marrelli M, Conforti F, Araniti F, Statti GA. Effects of Saponins on Lipid Metabolism: A Review of Potential Health Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101404. [PMID: 27775618 PMCID: PMC6273086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the greatest public health problems. This complex condition has reached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, and it constitutes a risk factor for several chronic disorders, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the last few decades, several studies dealt with the potential effects of natural products as new safe and effective tools for body weight control. Saponins are naturally-occurring surface-active glycosides, mainly produced by plants, whose structure consists of a sugar moiety linked to a hydrophobic aglycone (a steroid or a triterpene). Many pharmacological properties have been reported for these compounds, such as anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent studies about the anti-obesity therapeutic potential of saponins isolated from medicinal plants. Results on the in vitro and in vivo activity of this class of phytochemicals are here presented and discussed. The most interesting findings about their possible mechanism of action and their potential health benefits in the treatment of obesity are reported, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) I-87036, Italy.
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) I-87036, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of AGRARIA, University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria (RC) I-89124, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo A Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) I-87036, Italy.
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Fraser M, Dhaliwal CK, Vickers MH, Krechowec SO, Breier BH. Diet-induced obesity and prenatal undernutrition lead to differential neuroendocrine gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei. Endocrine 2016; 53:839-47. [PMID: 26979526 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that prenatal undernutrition (UN) leads to a dysregulation of appetite suppression through alterations in hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression. In the current study, we expand our observations and investigate neuroendocrine transcriptional responses and central leptin sensitivity within the arcuate nucleus of rats exposed to prenatal UN or a postnatal high-fat diet (HF). Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet either ad libitum (AD) or at 30 % of AD intake throughout gestation (UN) resulting in either control or intrauterine growth-restricted female offspring. At weaning, AD offspring were fed either a chow (C) or a HF (30 % fat wt/wt) diet ad libitum for the remainder of the study, whereas UN offspring were fed a chow diet only. At ~142 days, AD and UN offspring received either recombinant rat leptin (L) or saline (S) subcutaneously for 14 days. Prenatal UN had a significant effect on hypothalamic NPY (P < 0.0001), AgRP (P < 0.01) and ObRb (P < 0.02) mRNA expression compared to AD chow-fed offspring. A postnatal HF diet had a significant effect on AgRP mRNA expression (P < 0.001), compared to AD chow-fed offspring, but no effect on NPY and ObRb expression. Leptin treatment, in both UN and HF offspring, was ineffective in reducing NPY and AgRP mRNA expression, and had no effect on ObRb expression. These findings suggest that prenatal UN and a postnatal HF diet lead to differential neuroendocrine gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei and reduced sensitivity to leptin's anorexigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhoyra Fraser
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan O Krechowec
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard H Breier
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sun J, Gao Y, Yao T, Huang Y, He Z, Kong X, Yu KJ, Wang RT, Guo H, Yan J, Chang Y, Chen H, Scherer PE, Liu T, Williams KW. Adiponectin potentiates the acute effects of leptin in arcuate Pomc neurons. Mol Metab 2016; 5:882-891. [PMID: 27689001 PMCID: PMC5034606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) are located on neurons of the hypothalamus involved in metabolic regulation – including arcuate proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons. AdipoRs play a critical role in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism by initiating several signaling cascades overlapping with Leptin receptors (LepRs). However, the mechanism by which adiponectin regulates cellular activity in the brain remains undefined. Methods In order to resolve this issue, we utilized neuron-specific transgenic mouse models to identify Pomc and NPY/AgRP neurons which express LepRs for patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments. Results We found that leptin and adiponectin synergistically activated melanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Conversely, NPY/AgRP neurons were inhibited in response to adiponectin. The adiponectin-induced depolarization of arcuate Pomc neurons occurred via activation of Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, independent of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Adiponectin also activated melanocortin neurons at various physiological glucose levels. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a requirement for PI3K signaling in the acute adiponectin-induced effects on the cellular activity of arcuate melanocortin neurons. Moreover, these data provide evidence for PI3K as a substrate for both leptin and adiponectin to regulate energy balance and glucose metabolism via melanocortin activity. Adiponectin activates arcuate Pomc neurons. Adiponectin-induced activation of Pomc neurons requires PI3K (independent of AMPK). Adiponectin inhibits adjacent NPY/AgRP neurons (disinhibiting arcuate Pomc neurons). Leptin potentiates the effects of adiponectin arcuate Pomc neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ting Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yiru Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kai-Jiang Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping St, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping St, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping St, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Schlögl H, Müller K, Horstmann A, Miehle K, Püschel J, Villringer A, Pleger B, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Leptin Substitution in Patients With Lipodystrophy: Neural Correlates for Long-term Success in the Normalization of Eating Behavior. Diabetes 2016; 65:2179-86. [PMID: 27207511 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy (LD) is a rare disease with a paucity of subcutaneous adipocytes and leptin deficiency. Patients often develop severe diabetes and, additionally, show a disturbed eating behavior with reduced satiety. The disturbed eating behavior can be restored by substitution with the leptin analog metreleptin. Long-term effects of metreleptin on resting state brain connectivity in treatment-naive patients with LD have not been assessed. In this study, resting state functional MRI scans and extensive behavioral testing assessing changes in hunger/satiety regulation were performed during the first 52 weeks of metreleptin treatment in nine patients with LD. Resting state connectivity significantly increased over the course of metreleptin treatment in three brain areas (i.e., hypothalamus, insula/superior temporal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex). Behavioral tests demonstrated that perceived hunger, importance of eating, eating frequencies, and liking ratings of food pictures significantly decreased during metreleptin therapy. Taken together, leptin substitution was accompanied by long-term changes of hedonic and homeostatic central nervous networks regulating eating behavior as well as decreased hunger feelings and diminished incentive value of food. Future studies need to assess whether metreleptin treatment in LD restores physiological processes important for the development of satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schlögl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janett Püschel
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany Day Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Blevins JE, Havel PJ, Beverly JL, Gietzen DW. Leptin in the Anterior Piriform Cortex Affects Food Intake in Rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 2:357-67. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.1999.11747290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brunetti L, Di Nisio C, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Vacca M. The Regulation of Feeding: A Cross Talk between Peripheral and Central Signalling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:201-12. [PMID: 15888244 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and energy expenditures are modulated by the interplay of hormones and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), where the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in the transduction of peripheral afferents into satiety and feeding signals. Aminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are historically considered to play a key role, but a number of peptides are involved in finely tuning feeding regulation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the CNS mechanisms of orexigenic peptides, such as neuropeptide Y, orexins, and ghrelin, as well as anorectic peptides, such as leptin, neurotensin (NT), cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) peptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin, amylin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Wellhauser L, Gojska NM, Belsham DD. Delineating the regulation of energy homeostasis using hypothalamic cell models. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:130-49. [PMID: 25223866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Attesting to its intimate peripheral connections, hypothalamic neurons integrate nutritional and hormonal cues to effectively manage energy homeostasis according to the overall status of the system. Extensive progress in the identification of essential transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms regulating the controlled expression and actions of hypothalamic neuropeptides has been identified through the use of animal and cell models. This review will introduce the basic techniques of hypothalamic investigation both in vivo and in vitro and will briefly highlight the key advantages and challenges of their use. Further emphasis will be place on the use of immortalized models of hypothalamic neurons for in vitro study of feeding regulation, with a particular focus on cell lines proving themselves most fruitful in deciphering fundamental basics of NPY/AgRP, Proglucagon, and POMC neuropeptide function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Wellhauser
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicole M Gojska
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine and OB/GYN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Lei MM, Wu SQ, Shao XB, Li XW, Chen Z, Ying SJ, Shi ZD. Creating leptin-like biofunctions by active immunization against chicken leptin receptor in growing chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 50:55-64. [PMID: 25447880 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, immunization against chicken leptin receptor (cLEPR) extracellular domain (ECD) was applied to investigate leptin regulation and LEPR biofunction in growing chicken pullets. A recombinant protein (cLEPR ECD) based on the cLEPR complemenary DNA sequence corresponding to the 582nd to 796th amino acid residues of cLEPR mature peptide was prepared and used as antigen. Immunization against cLEPR ECD in growing chickens increased anti-cLEPR ECD antibody titers in blood, enhanced proportions of phosphorylated janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and served as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in liver tissue. Chicken live weight gain and abdominal fat mass were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but feed intake was stimulated by cLEPR ECD immunization (P < 0.05). The treatment also upregulated the gene expression levels of lepR, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC2), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in liver, abdominal fat, and breast muscle (P < 0.05) but decreased fasn expression levels (P < 0.01). Apart from that of lepR, the expression of appetite-regulating genes, such as orexigenic genes, agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), were upregulated (P < 0.01), whereas the anorexigenic gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) was downregulated in the hypothalamic tissue of cLEPR-immunized pullets (P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of metabolic molecules, such as glucose, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein, were significantly decreased in cLEPR-immunized pullets but those of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein increased. These results demonstrate that antibodies to membrane proximal cLEPR ECD enhance cLEPR signal transduction, which stimulates metabolism and reduces fat deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lei
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - S Q Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X B Shao
- Institute of Guagndong Province Poultry Technology, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - X W Li
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Z Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - S J Ying
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Z D Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Cardoso RC, Alves BRC, Prezotto LD, Thorson JF, Tedeschi LO, Keisler DH, Amstalden M, Williams GL. Reciprocal changes in leptin and NPY during nutritional acceleration of puberty in heifers. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:289-98. [PMID: 25326602 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Feeding a high-concentrate diet to heifers during the juvenile period, resulting in increased body weight (BW) gain and adiposity, leads to early-onset puberty. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the increase in GnRH/LH release during nutritional acceleration of puberty is accompanied by reciprocal changes in circulating leptin and central release of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The heifers were weaned at 3.5 months of age and fed to gain either 0.5 (Low-gain; LG) or 1.0 kg/day (High-gain; HG) for 30 weeks. A subgroup of heifers was fitted surgically with third ventricle guide cannulas and was subjected to intensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood sampling at 8 and 9 months of age. Mean BW was greater in HG than in LG heifers at week 6 of the experiment and remained greater thereafter. Starting at 9 months of age, the percentage of pubertal HG heifers was greater than that of LG heifers, although a replicate effect was observed. During the 6-h period in which CSF and blood were collected simultaneously, all LH pulses coincided with or shortly followed a GnRH pulse. At 8 months of age, the frequency of LH pulses was greater in the HG than in the LG group. Beginning at 6 months of age, concentrations of leptin were greater in HG than in LG heifers. At 9 months of age, concentrations of NPY in the CSF were lesser in HG heifers. These observations indicate that increased BW gain during juvenile development accelerates puberty in heifers, coincident with reciprocal changes in circulating concentrations of leptin and hypothalamic NPY release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Bruna R C Alves
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ligia D Prezotto
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer F Thorson
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duane H Keisler
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Marcel Amstalden
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gary L Williams
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Radler ME, Wright BJ, Walker FR, Hale MW, Kent S. Calorie restriction increases lipopolysaccharide-induced neuropeptide Y immunolabeling and reduces microglial cell area in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus. Neuroscience 2014; 285:236-47. [PMID: 25446356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and elicits many health promoting benefits including delaying immunosenescence and reducing the incidence of age-related diseases. Although the mechanisms underlying the health-enhancing effects of CR are not known, a likely contributing factor is alterations in immune system functioning. CR suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocks LPS-induced fever, and shifts hypothalamic signaling pathways to an anti-inflammatory bias. Furthermore, we have recently shown that CR attenuates LPS-stimulated microglial activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), a brain region containing neurons that synthesize neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic neuropeptide that is upregulated by a CR diet and has anti-inflammatory properties. To determine if increased NPY expression in the ARC following CR was associated with changes in microglial activation, a set of brain sections from mice that were exposed to 50% CR or ad libitum feeding for 28 days before being injected with LPS were immunostained for NPY. The density of NPY-immunolabeling was assessed across the rostrocaudal extent of the ARC and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). An adjacent set of sections were immunostained for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1) and immunostained microglia in the ARC were digitally reconstructed to investigate the effects of CR on microglial morphology. We demonstrated that exposure to CR increased NPY expression in the ARC, but not the PVN. Digital reconstruction of microglia revealed that LPS increased Iba1 intensity in ad libitum fed mice but had no effect on Iba1 intensity in CR mice. CR also decreased the size of ARC microglial cells following LPS. Correlational analyses revealed strong associations between NPY and body temperature, and body temperature and microglia area. Together these results suggest that CR-induced changes in NPY are not directly involved in the suppression of LPS-induced microglial activation, however, NPY may indirectly affect microglial morphology through changes in body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Radler
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B J Wright
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M W Hale
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Kent
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Kotagale NR, Upadhya M, Hadole PN, Kokare DM, Taksande BG. Involvement of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in pentazocine induced suppression of food intake in rats. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:133-41. [PMID: 24656792 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The potent orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been considered as a possible endogenous ligand for a subpopulation of sigma receptors (SigR). However, their mutual interaction with reference to feeding behavior remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the possible interaction between sigma1 receptors (Sig1R) agonist, pentazocine, and NPY on food intake in satiated rats. While pentazocine dose-dependently reduced the food intake, NPY significantly increased it at 2, 4 and 6h post injection time points. In combination studies, pretreatment with NPY (0.1 nmol/rat, intra-PVN) normalized the inhibitory effect of pentazocine (60 μg/rat, intra-PVN) on food intake. Similarly, pre-treatment with pentazocine (30 μg/rat, intra-PVN) significantly antagonized the orexigenic effect of NPY (0.5 and 1.0 nmol/rat, intra-PVN). Moreover, pentazocine treatment decreased NPY immunoreactivity in arcuate (ARC), paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedial (DMH) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of hypothalamus. However, no change was observed in lateral hypothalamus (LH). Study implicates the reduced NPY immunoreactivity for the anorectic effect observed following pentazocine injections. Therefore, the concomitant activation of the NPYergic system along with the Sig1R agonist treatment may serve a useful purpose in the management of the unwanted side effects related to energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandkishor R Kotagale
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441 002, MS, India
| | - Manoj Upadhya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441 002, MS, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Pravin N Hadole
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441 002, MS, India
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 033, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441 002, MS, India.
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Undernutrition during early life alters neuropeptide Y distribution along the arcuate/paraventricular pathway. Neuroscience 2014; 256:379-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Martin Agnoux A, Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Le Dréan G, Antignac JP, Parnet P. Relative contribution of foetal and post-natal nutritional periods on feeding regulation in adult rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:188-201. [PMID: 24010762 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of both foetal and/or post-natal nutritional periods on feeding regulation in adult rats. METHODS Body weight gain, adipose tissue development, food preferences and feeding pattern under regular chow or Western diets were characterized on four experimental groups of rats: pups born from protein-restricted dams (R) and weaned by control (RC) or R dams (RR) and pups born from control dams weaned by C (CC) or R dams (CR). RESULTS Rats born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fed a Western diet at adulthood appeared predisposed to body weight gain and more fat accretion, whereas CR rats, despite their preference for high-fat diet and their hyperphagia for Western diet, did not show significant increase in fat tissue. Daytime food intakes, as well as their speed of ingestion, were found modified in RC and RR. Alterations in the hypothalamic appetite regulatory mechanisms were investigated through neuropeptide expression analysis. IUGR rats showed altered expression of key elements of leptin and NPY signalling, while CR rats exhibited lesser expression of enterostatin, MC4r and HT-1Br mRNA. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results indicate that peri-natal nutrition has different lasting effects on feeding pattern and hypothalamic appetite regulation, depending on the time window insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martin Agnoux
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- IMAD, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CRNH (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine); Nantes France
| | - M. -C. Alexandre-Gouabau
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- IMAD, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CRNH (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine); Nantes France
| | - G. Le Dréan
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- IMAD, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CRNH (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine); Nantes France
| | - J. -P. Antignac
- LUNAM université; Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA); USC INRA 1329; Nantes France
| | - P. Parnet
- INRA, UMR1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles; Nantes France
- IMAD, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CRNH (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine); Nantes France
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Marcelino AA, Moura AS, Barradas PC, Tenório F. Hypothalamic Nuclei Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rats Malnourished During Early Lactation Period. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:177-84. [PMID: 15526992 DOI: 10.1080/10284150412331279809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other animals, it has been shown that protein malnutrition during the prenatal period leads to permanent changes, which in adulthood may cause chronic diseases. Molecules involved in the control of energy metabolism could be targets to alterations caused by nutritional status. Some hypothalamic nuclei as the paraventricular (PVN), ventro-medial and arcuate are related to energy metabolism regulation. Orexigenic and anorexigenic molecules are involved in this regulation. Some studies have showed that these nuclei present nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and that it is increased in obese rats. Recently it had been shown that rats malnourished during the lactation period presented metabolic alterations that persist in adulthood. The aim of this work was to study the expression of NOS in hypothalamic nuclei of rats submitted to malnutrition during the early lactation period. Rats from post-natal day (P10) to P90 were used. Control dams were fed with regular chow pellets and diet dams were fed with protein-free chow pellets during the first 10 days of lactation. NADPH-diaphorase or immunostaining techniques were used to access NOS expression in hypothalamic nuclei. Our results show a delay in NOS expression in the PVN and VMH of malnourished rats. It may affect the development of the hypothalamic circuitry, leading to a metabolic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Marcelino
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro, 87, fds, 5 andar, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Woliński J, Słupecka M, Romanowicz K. Leptin and ghrelin levels in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of sows and pig neonates during the first week of lactation. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:143-9. [PMID: 23910951 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunology was used to determine leptin and ghrelin levels in sow colostrum and milk in relation to those in sow and neonatal pig blood plasma and to the body weight of piglets during the first week of lactation. The highest concentration of leptin was found in colostrum on the second day of lactation (69.3 ± 6.3 ng/mL). Leptin concentrations in sow plasma were significantly lower than in colostrum/milk (2.19 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.7692) and were stable in the first 7 days of lactation. Total and active ghrelin concentrations in colostrum/milk were stable in the measured time points (6734 ± 261 pg/mL, P = 0.3397; 831 ± 242 pg/mL, P = 0.3988, respectively). Total ghrelin concentrations in sow plasma were lower than in colostrum/milk. These results indicate that pigs follow a unique species-specific pattern of leptin and ghrelin synthesis, release and existence, and that the mammary gland is an important source of leptin and ghrelin contained in colostrum/milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
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Serum leptin and loss of control eating in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:397-403. [PMID: 23835660 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both insufficiency and resistance to the actions of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin promote hunger, increased food intake and greater body weight. Some studies suggest that adults reporting binge eating have increased serum leptin compared with those without binge eating, even after adjusting for the greater adiposity that characterizes binge eaters. Pediatric binge or loss of control (LOC) eating are prospective risk factors for excessive weight gain and may predict development of metabolic abnormalities, but whether LOC eating is associated with higher leptin among children is unknown. We therefore examined leptin and LOC eating in a pediatric cohort. METHODS A convenience sample of 506 lean and obese youth (7-18 years) was recruited from Washington, DC and its suburbs. Serum leptin was collected after an overnight fast. Adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or air displacement plethysmography. LOC eating was assessed by interview methodology. RESULTS Leptin was strongly associated with fat mass (r=0.79, P<0.001). However, even after adjusting for adiposity and other relevant covariates, youth with LOC eating had higher serum leptin compared with those without LOC episodes (15.42±1.05 vs 12.36±1.04 ng ml(-1), P<0.001). Neither reported amount of food consumed during a recent LOC episode nor number of LOC episodes in the previous month accounted for differences in leptin (P>0.05). The relationship between LOC eating and leptin appeared to be significant for females only (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Reports of LOC eating were associated with higher fasting leptin in youth, beyond the contributions of body weight. Prospective studies are required to elucidate whether LOC eating promotes greater leptin or whether greater leptin resistance may promote LOC eating.
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Bernardi JR, Ferreira CF, Senter G, Krolow R, de Aguiar BW, Portella AK, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Kapczinski F, Dalmaz C, Goldani MZ, Silveira PP. Early life stress interacts with the diet deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids during the life course increasing the metabolic vulnerability in adult rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62031. [PMID: 23614006 PMCID: PMC3629088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early stress can cause metabolic disorders in adulthood. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) deficiency has also been linked to the development of metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess whether an early stressful event such as maternal separation interacts with the nutritional availability of n-3 PUFAs during the life course on metabolic aspects. Litters were randomized into: maternal separated (MS) and non-handled (NH). The MS group was removed from their dam for 3 hours per day and put in an incubator at 32°C on days 1° to 10° postnatal (PND). On PND 35, males were subdivided into diets that were adequate or deficient in n-3 PUFAs, and this intervention was applied during the subsequent 15 weeks. Animal's body weight and food consumption were measured weekly, and at the end of the treatment tissues were collected. MS was associated with increased food intake (p = 0.047) and weight gain (p = 0.012), but no differences were found in the NPY hypothalamic content between the groups. MS rats had also increased deposition of abdominal fat (p<0.001) and plasma triglycerides (p = 0.018) when compared to the NH group. Interactions between early life stress and n-3 PUFAs deficiency were found in plasma insulin (p = 0.033), HOMA index (p = 0.049), leptin (p = 0.010) and liver PEPCK expression (p = 0.050), in which the metabolic vulnerability in the MS group was aggravated by the n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure. This was associated with specific alterations in the peripheral fatty acid profile. Variations in the neonatal environment interact with nutritional aspects during the life course, such as n-3 PUFAs diet content, and persistently alter the metabolic vulnerability in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Bernardi
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles F. Ferreira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Senter
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca W. de Aguiar
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André K. Portella
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z. Goldani
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P. Silveira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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