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Qi K, Deng B, Ma Q, Ji F, Wu J, Zhang C, Xu Z. Effects of a manganese complex with lysine and glutamic acid on growth performance, manganese deposition, and emission, antioxidant capacity and metacarpal strength in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae146. [PMID: 38795007 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to assess the effects of manganese complexes with lysine and glutamic acid (Mn-LG) as manganese (Mn) sources on growth performance, trace element deposition, antioxidant capacity, and metacarpal strength in weaned piglets. The study involved 288 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets that were weaned at 25 to 28 d of age and weighed 8.66 ± 0.96 kg. These piglets were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (Mn-LG-0, receiving a basal diet without Mn supplementation), a Mn sulfate group (basal diet supplemented with 40 mg·kg-1 diet of Mn, Mn-S-40 group), and four Mn-LG groups (Mn-LG-20, Mn-LG-40, Mn-LG-60, Mn-LG-80, supplemented with 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg·kg-1 Mn from Mn-LG in the basal diet). Grouping began at weaning on the 0th day of the experiment. The corn-soybean-based basal diet during the early (days 0 to 14) and late (days 15 to 42) phases of the experiment contained 20.88 and 30.12 mg·kg-1 Mn, respectively. Blood samples were collected on days 14 and 42, and pigs were sacrificed for sample collection on day 42. The results indicated no significant differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or feed-to-gain ratio among the groups (P > 0.05). The diarrhea rates of all Mn-LG groups and the Mn-S-40 group were significantly lower in the 0 to 14 d and during the entire experimental period than in the Mn-LG-0 group (P < 0.001). The Mn-LG-40 group exhibited a significant increase in liver Mn concentration and serum Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity on day 42 (P < 0.01), as well as a significant decrease in fecal Mn concentration (P < 0.05), compared to those of the Mn-S-40 group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected in the serum, liver, and fecal Mn concentrations, as well as in the serum and liver Mn-SOD activity, across the different Mn-LG groups. The serum and fecal Mn concentrations and serum Mn-SOD activity increased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing Mn-LG supplementation. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in kidney, heart, or metacarpal bone Mn concentrations or in bone strength indices. In summary, compared with the Mn-LG-0 diet, dietary supplementation with Mn-LG enhanced serum Mn deposition and Mn-SOD activity and decreased the incidence of diarrhea. Additionally, the fecal Mn concentration was lower in the Mn-LG group than in the inorganic group at equivalent dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ji
- Zinpro Corporation, 10400 Viking Drive, Suite 240 Eden Prairie, Minnesota, 55344, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hangzhou Zhengxing Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Banqiao Town, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311301, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Vakili R, Sobhani E, Sangari M, Mokhtarpour A, Hosseini Ghafari SA. Worldwide Research Trends for Chelates in Animal Science: A Bibliometric Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2374. [PMID: 37508152 PMCID: PMC10376876 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to look at research trends in the application of CTM in animal nutrition in order to identify current and emerging challenges, as well as to examine the intellectual structure of the subject. The intellectual structure of CTM was examined using keyword and reference analysis. The research community includes all research and review articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database during the years 1990-2022. The results showed that the terms zinc, co-occurring 331 times, performance (324 times), and copper 216 (times) were the main and hotspots of research in the field of chelate. The data suggest that the most important keywords during the study period were zinc, copper, pig, bovine, metabolism, and bioavailability. The terms health, muscle, beef, trace elements, and dietary supplements represent emerging topics in CTM, as research began to focus on these areas during the years 2017-2022. The country with the greatest number of published articles was the United States of America. This bibliometric analysis showed that countries are focusing on the effects of CTM on the health and musculature of cattle through dietary supplementation with trace elements. According to the identified hot and emerging topics, this research can serve as a roadmap for a global comprehensive scientific plan and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar 7635168111, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sobhani
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar 7635168111, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sangari
- Department Library and Information Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
| | - Amir Mokhtarpour
- Special Domestic Animals Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini Ghafari
- The Agricultural Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ARTS), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Xiong Y, Cui B, He Z, Liu S, Wu Q, Yi H, Zhao F, Jiang Z, Hu S, Wang L. Dietary replacement of inorganic trace minerals with lower levels of organic trace minerals leads to enhanced antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestibility, and reduced fecal mineral excretion in growing-finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1142054. [PMID: 37303716 PMCID: PMC10248082 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1142054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More effective and environment-friendly organic trace minerals have great potential to replace the inorganic elements in the diets of livestock. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of 100% inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) with 30-60% organic trace minerals (OTMs) on the performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestibility, and fecal mineral excretion and to assess whether low-dose OTMs could replace whole ITMs in growing-finishing pigs' diets. Methods A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial average body weight of 74.25 ± 0.41 kg were selected and divided into four groups with six replicates per group and three pigs per replicate. The pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing commercial levels of 100% ITMs or a basal diet with 30, 45, or 60% amino acid-chelated trace minerals instead of 100% ITMs, respectively. The trial ended when the pigs' weight reached ~110 kg. Results The results showed that replacing 100% ITMs with 30-60% OTMs had no adverse effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain, carcass traits, or meat quality (P > 0.05) but significantly increased serum transferrin and calcium contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, replacing 100% ITMs with OTMs tended to increase serum T-SOD activity (0.05 ≤ P < 0.1), and 30% OTMs significantly increased muscle Mn-SOD activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, replacing 100% ITMs with OTMs tended to increase the apparent digestibility of energy, dry matter, and crude protein (0.05 ≤ P < 0.1) while significantly reducing the contents of copper, zinc, and manganese in feces (P < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30-60% OTMs has the potential to replace 100% ITMs for improving antioxidant capacity and nutrient digestibility and for reducing fecal mineral excretion without compromising the performance of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bailei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentao He
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- DeBon Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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Cao J, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Zhao L, Zou C, Guo Y, Curtin B, Ji F, Liu B, Yu D. Efficacy evaluation of novel organic iron complexes in laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, egg iron content, and blood biochemical parameters. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:498-505. [PMID: 36108681 PMCID: PMC9996259 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of novel iron amino acid complexes (Fe-Lys-Glu) by measuring laying performance, egg quality, egg iron (Fe) concentrations, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. METHODS A total of 1,260 18-week-old healthy Beijing White laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups with 12 replicates of 15 birds each. After a 2-wk acclimation to the basal diet, hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control, the analyzed innate iron content was 75.06 mg/kg), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu or 45 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4 (positive control) for 24 wk. RESULTS Results showed that compared with the negative and positive control groups, dietary supplementation with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu significantly (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased the laying rate (LR) and average daily egg weight (ADEW); hens administered 45 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu showed a remarkable (linear, p<0.05) decrease in feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences among all groups in egg quality. The iron concentrations in egg yolk and serum were elevated by increasing Fe-Lys-Glu levels, and the highest iron content was found in 75 mg Fe/kg group. In addition, hens fed 45 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu had (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) higher yolk Fe contents than that with the same dosage of FeSO4 supplementation. The red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased obviously in the groups fed with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu in comparison with the control group. Fe-Lys-Glu supplementation also (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) enhanced the activity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in serum, as a result, the serum malonaldehyde content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) decreased in hens received 60 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu. CONCLUSION Supplementation Fe-Lys-Glu in laying hens could substitute for FeSO4 and the optimal additive levels of Fe-Lys-Glu are 45 mg Fe/kg in layers diets based on the quadratic regression analysis of LR, ADEW, RBC, and Cu/Zn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuai Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Luyuan Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenhao Zou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanshan Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | | | - Fei Ji
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Wang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou X. Effects of Different Levels of Organic Trace Minerals on Oxidative Status and Intestinal Function in Weanling Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:720-727. [PMID: 35229256 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with different levels of complex organic trace minerals (OTM) on the growth performance, oxidative status, and intestinal function of piglets. Weanling piglets were assigned to five groups: a control group fed a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals and the other four groups fed basal diets supplemented with different levels of OTMs. The results showed that diets supplemented with 50 ppm Fe, 30 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Mn, and 0.2 ppm Se from OTM (L-OTM), or with 75 ppm Fe, 45 ppm Zn, 22.5 ppm Mn, and 0.3 ppm Se from OTM (M-OTM) significantly decreased the diarrhea ratio in the piglets compared with those supplemented with 100 ppm Fe, 90 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Mn, and 0.4 ppm Se from ITM. Compared with those in the ITM group, the piglets in the M-OTM group had significantly higher serum CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and GSH-Px levels. Moreover, piglets in the L-OTM and M-OTM groups had higher Sod and Gpx gene expression than those in the ITM group. Additionally, piglets in the L-OTM and M-OTM groups had significantly higher villus height than those in the ITM group, and the M-OTM group piglets had lower serum diamine oxidase content and higher ileal ZO-1 and occludin protein expression levels than those in the ITM group. These results indicate that replacing dietary ITMs with OTMs could decrease diarrhea occurrence and improve the oxidative status and intestinal barrier function in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchu Wang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Hansen SV, Graffagnino A, Hedemann MS, Nielsen TS, Woyengo TA. Determination of the optimal dietary zinc content for pigs between 10 and 30 kg body weight. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad360. [PMID: 37850960 PMCID: PMC10629944 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zn requirement of pigs immediately after weaning is more investigated compared to the Zn requirement in the growth period between 10 and 30 kg. Unabsorbed and excessive dietary Zn is excreted mainly through feces, and spreading pig slurry to fields can cause environmental issues because high levels of Zn can impair plant growth and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance genes in microorganisms. Therefore, more precise knowledge of Zn requirements and dietary Zn recommendations is important. The present study investigated the optimal dietary Zn content for 10- to 30-kg pigs. The study used 150 pigs weaned at 28 d of age (day 0) and supplied with 1,474 mg dietary Zn/kg the first 2 wk post-weaning. After 2 wk, pigs were randomly distributed according to body weight (BW; 10.1 ± 0.3 kg) and sex, to individually housing, and fed a diet supplemented with either 0, 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg Zn/kg (from ZnO), resulting in total dietary Zn contents of 80, 92, 117, 189, and 318 mg/kg until week 6 post-weaning. BW, feed intake, and fecal scores were recorded, and samples of blood (weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6) and tissues (week 6) were collected. The feed intake, growth, feed efficiency, relative weight of the pancreas and liver, Zn concentration in the liver, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activity were unaffected by dietary Zn content (P > 0.12). The serum Zn level decreased (P < 0.01) by up to 24% from weeks 2 to 3. The serum Zn concentrations in weeks 5 and 6 were similar to in week 2 when 117, 189, and 318 mg Zn/kg were provided, while with 80 and 92 mg Zn/kg the serum Zn concentration was lower (P < 0.01) than in week 2. The serum Zn concentration reached a plateau in weeks 5 and 6, and breakpoints were calculated at 126 ± 17 and 102 ± 6 mg Zn/kg, respectively. Bone Zn status was greater (P < 0.01) with 189 than 80 mg Zn/kg and a breakpoint was calculated at 137 ± 19 mg Zn/kg. According to performance, the Zn requirement for 10- to 30-kg pigs can be fulfilled with 80 mg total Zn/kg, but based on serum and bone Zn status, the optimal total dietary Zn content is 102 to 137 mg/kg. The latter corresponds to a daily Zn intake (requirement) of 103 to 138 mg when calculated from the average feed intake during weeks 3 to 6 (1,005 g/d). Importantly, the presented results are obtained in pigs supplied with 1,474 mg Zn/kg from ZnO the first 2 wk post-weaning and a high level of phytase (1,000 phytase units) in the diet throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Veronika Hansen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Aurégane Graffagnino
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tina Skau Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tofuko Awori Woyengo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Fernández-Labrada M, López-Mosquera ME, García L, Barrio JC, López-Fabal A. Hazards of swine slurry: Heavy metals, bacteriology, and overdosing-Physicochemical models to predict the nutrient value. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13849. [PMID: 37392138 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 124 samples of slurry from 32 commercial farms of three animal categories (lactating sows, nursery piglets, and growing pigs) were studied. The samples were collected in summer and winter over two consecutive years and analyzed for physicochemical properties, macronutrient and micronutrient, heavy metals, and major microbiological indicators. The results were found to be influenced by farm type and to deviate especially markedly in nursery piglets, probably as a consequence of differences in pig age, diet, and management. The main potential hazards of the slurries can be expected to arise from their high contents in heavy metals (Cu and Zn), especially in the nursery piglet group, and from the high proportion of samples testing positive for Salmonella spp. (66%). Linear and nonlinear predictive equations were developed for each animal category and the three as a whole. Dry matter, which was highly correlated with N, CaO, and MgO contents, proved the best predictor of fertilizer value. Using an additional predictor failed to improve the results but nonlinear and farm-specific equations did. Rapid on-site measurements can improve the accuracy of fertilizer value estimates and help optimize the use of swine slurry as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-Labrada
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Mosquera
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Agraria y Desarrollo Rural (IBADER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucio García
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne, San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo López-Fabal
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Lugo, Spain
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Zhan C, Cao X, Zhang T, Guo J, Xu G, Wang H, Yang W, Yang L, Che D, Lu W, Ma X. Melatonin protects porcine oocyte from copper exposure potentially by reducing oxidative stress potentially through the Nrf2 pathway. Theriogenology 2022; 193:1-10. [PMID: 36115287 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper is widely used as a feeding additive to promote livestock growth. However, excessive copper can be excreted with feces, causing heavy metal pollution and aggravating environmental problems. At the same time, studies have found that excess copper can cause damage to reproductive function and reduce gamete quality. Here, we explored the effects of adding different concentrations of copper to the culture medium on porcine oocytes. First polar body extrusion rate, embryo development, and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) ΔΨm, adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content, and acetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 protein subunit (H3K9ac) were assessed. Results demonstrated that Cu exposure causes abnormalities in mitochondrial function and epigenetic modification, resulting in increased oxidative stress and levels of ROS, ultimately leading to a decreased porcine oocyte quality. In addition, we found melatonin can protect porcine oocytes from those damages. Notably, Nrf2 protein expression was significantly increased by copper exposure, meanwhile, Nrf2 signaling pathway inhibitor ML385 significantly attenuated the protective role of melatonin on oxidative stress induced by copper exposure. In summary, our study demonstrates that copper activates the Nrf2 pathway and impairs oocyte maturation by inducing oxidative stress, leading to poor quality of porcine oocytes, and the changes can be reversed by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gaoqing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin Jilin, 132109, China
| | - Wenyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lianyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dongsheng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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10
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Byrne L, Murphy RA. Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals in Production Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1981. [PMID: 35953970 PMCID: PMC9367456 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of dietary supplementation of animal feeds with trace minerals is irrefutable, with various forms of both organic and inorganic products commercially available. With advances in research techniques, and data obtained from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies in recent years, differences between inorganic and organic trace minerals have become more apparent. Furthermore, differences between specific organic mineral types can now be identified. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we carried out an extensive literature search on previously published studies detailing performance responses to trace minerals, in addition to their corresponding relative bioavailability values. This review covers four of the main trace minerals included in feed: copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and encompasses the different types of organic and inorganic products commercially available. Their impact from environmental, economic, and nutritional perspectives are discussed, along with the biological availability of various mineral forms in production animals. Species-specific sections cover ruminants, poultry, and swine. Extensive relative bioavailability tables cover values for all trace mineral products commercially available, including those not previously reviewed in earlier studies, thereby providing a comprehensive industry reference guide. Additionally, we examine reasons for variance in reported relative bioavailability values, with an emphasis on accounting for data misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurann Byrne
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, A86 X006 Co. Meath, Ireland
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11
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Chen J, Wang H, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zang J. Effects of the methionine hydroxyl analog chelated microminerals on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of growing-finishing pigs. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13730. [PMID: 35506328 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of methionine hydroxyl analog chelated microminerals (MHA-M) replacing inorganic microminerals (ITMs) on the growth performance, fecal microminerals concentrations, immune function, and antioxidant status in growing-finishing pigs; 253 pigs (average 33.68 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to six treatments with six replicates each treatment: (1) ITM: a basal diet with Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn from sulfates providing 20, 100, 40, and 60 mg/kg; (2-6): 1/5MHA-M, 2/5MHA-M, 3/5MHA-M, 4/5MHA-M, and MHA-M was replaced with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% MHA-M. Results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) in the 1/5MHA-M and 2/5MHA-M was greater than other groups in the whole period. Fecal Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations had decreased as the intake of trace minerals decreases. The ITM group decreased the fecal Zn concentration on Days 35, 70, and 91, and Fe concentration on Day 70, and increased the Mn concentration on Day 70 compared with MHA-M group. Pigs fed 1/5MHA-M, 2/5MHA-M, and MHA-M had a higher immune function and antioxidant status in serum compared with ITM, 3/5MHA-M, and 4/5MHA-M on Day 35. In conclusion, treatment with 1/5MHA-M and 2/5MHA-M could reduce the excretion of fecal microminerals and improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity compared with the ITM group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineeriong Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Huakai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineeriong Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Shangchu Wang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineeriong Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Yin D, Zhai F, Lu W, Moss AF, Kuang Y, Li F, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Comparison of Coated and Uncoated Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Deposition, and Intestinal Microbiota in Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831945. [PMID: 35495727 PMCID: PMC9039745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally low or high levels of trace elements in poultry diets may elicit health problems associated with deficiency and toxicity, and impact poultry growth. The optimal supplement pattern of trace mineral also impacts the digestion and absorption in the body. For ducks, the limited knowledge of trace element requirements puzzled duck production. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary inclusions of coated and uncoated trace minerals on duck growth performance, tissue mineral deposition, serum antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota profile. A total of 1,080 14-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks were randomly divided into six dietary treatment groups in a 2 (uncoated or coated trace minerals) × 3 (300, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg supplementation levels) factorial design. Each treatment was replicated 12 times (15 birds per replicate). Coated trace minerals significantly improved average daily gain (p < 0.05), increased Zn, Se, and Fe content of serum, liver, and muscle, increased serum antioxidant enzyme (p < 0.05) and decreased the excreta Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations. Inclusions of 500 mg/kg of coated trace minerals had a similar effect on serum trace minerals and tissue metal ion deposition as the 1,000 mg/kg inorganic trace minerals. Higher concentrations of Lactobacillus, Sphaerochatea, Butyricimonas, and Enterococcus were found in birds fed with coated trace minerals. In conclusion, diets supplemented with coated trace minerals could reduce the risk of environmental contamination from excreted minerals without affecting performance. Furthermore, coated trace minerals may improve the bioavailability of metal ions and the colonization of probiotic microbiota to protect microbial barriers and maintain gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yin
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zhai
- Yichun Tequ Feed Company, Yichun, China
| | - Wenbiao Lu
- Fujian Syno Biotech Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Amy F Moss
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Fangfang Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujing Zhu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Wu M, Zhi M, Liu Y, Han J, Qin Y. In situ analysis of copper speciation during in vitro digestion: Differences between copper in drinking water and food. Food Chem 2022; 371:131388. [PMID: 34808779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the safety of copper in drinking water has increasingly been questioned. Copper speciation is an important factor that affects its bioavailability and toxicity; thus, it is critical to investigate the speciation of copper that is ingested from food and drinking water during in vitro digestion. After digestion, water- and food-derived copper formed 60 ± 4% 0.1-1 kDa and 49 ± 6% 10-1,000 kDa copper complexes, respectively. Under simulated fasting drinking water conditions, up to 90 ± 2% 0.1-1 kDa copper complexes formed. In addition, using ion selective electrode analysis, water-derived copper was detected that contained higher Cu2+ concentrations after digestion than those of food-derived copper. These results indicate that water-derived copper forms smaller-sized species and exhibits higher Cu2+ concentrations during digestion than those of food-derived copper, thereby highlighting the importance of reassessing the safety limit for copper in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhi
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute. Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China
| | - Yumei Qin
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China.
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14
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Li M, Tang W, Liao P, Li Y. Evaluating the Influence of Different Recommended Dietary Levels of Cu and Zn on Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:770195. [PMID: 35111837 PMCID: PMC8801699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.770195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different recommended levels of Cu and Zn on antioxidant capacity, tissue mineral status, minerals excretion, meat quality, digestive enzyme activity, and metal transporters in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs (with an average initial body weight (BW) of 70.0 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) basal diet without added Cu or Zn (control), (2) basal diet+35 mg cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) +150 mg zinc-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) (AC), (3) basal diet + 3.0 mg of NCG-Cu + 43 mg Zn-Met (CN), and (4) basal diet + 3.5 mg NCG-Cu + 50 mg Zn-Met (NRC100). Pig growth performance was not affected by the level of Cu or Zn. Among the four treatments, the AC treatment had the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Pigs fed the AC diet had the highest (P < 0.05) liver Zn, fecal Cu, and fecal Zn among the four treatments. The protein levels of trypsin and aminopeptidase N (APN) in the intestinal mucosa showed their highest levels (P < 0.05) in the NRC100 and AC treatments. The mRNA levels of trypsinogen and APN were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments compared with the control. The mRNA levels for the Zn transporter genes SLC30A1 (ZnT1) and SLC30A2 (ZnT2) were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC treatment, and the mRNA levels for SLC39A4 (ZIP4) and metallothionein 1 (MT) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Meat quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different recommended levels of Cu and Zn. These results indicated that the supplemental Cu and Zn levels routinely used in AC diets in Chinese commercial feed enterprises should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hunan Tianxin Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chenzhou, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liao
| | - Yunhu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
- Yunhu Li
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15
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Dong Z, Li L, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wu X, Yin Y, Wan D. Effects of circadian iron administration on iron bioavailability and biological rhythm in pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2712-2717. [PMID: 33124038 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron supplements are limited by their poor absorption and low efficacy. A circadian feeding schedule would affect the circadian rhythm and improve nutrient metabolism. In this study, 18 iron-deficient piglets were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group receiving a constant diet with mid-iron (MI), a 'HL' group receiving a high-iron (HI) diet at 8:00 h and a low-iron (LI) diet at 18:00, and an 'LH' group receiving a LI diet at 8:00 and a HI diet at 18:00. The effects of circadian iron administration on iron absorption, iron status, and biological rhythm in iron-deficient piglets were investigated. RESULTS Serum iron and hemoglobin improved significantly (P < 0.05) but did not significantly differ in the circadian iron-feeding groups (P > 0.05). Iron concentration in the liver and spleen was significantly higher in the LH group than in the HL group (P < 0.05), and mRNA expression of divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1), cytochrome B (CYBRD1) and ferroportin (FPN) genes in the duodenum was significantly elevated in the LH group (P < 0.05). The clock-related genes showed differential expression in the duodenum, with greater mRNA expression for period (Per2) and cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) in the LH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Circadian iron administration affected iron absorption and iron storage in pigs. Iron supplementation in the evening might be a more effective pattern for iron utilization. The rhythmic system in the intestine, driven by the time, played an important role in this process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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16
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Copper biodistribution after acute systemic administration of copper gluconate to rats. Biometals 2021; 34:687-700. [PMID: 33900531 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have been linked to the decrease of copper concentrations in different regions of the brain. Therefore, intake of micronutrient supplements could be a therapeutic alternative. Since the copper distribution profile has not been elucidated yet, the aim of this study was to characterize and to analyze the concentration profile of a single administration of copper gluconate to rats by two routes of administration. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The control group received vehicle (n = 5), and the experimental groups received 79.5 mg/kg of copper orally (n = 4-6) or 0.64 mg/kg of copper intravenously. (n = 3-4). Blood, striatum, midbrain and liver samples were collected at different times. Copper concentrations were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper concentration in samples from the control group were considered as baseline. The highest copper concentration in plasma was observed at 1.5 h after oral administration, while copper was quickly compartmentalized within the first hour after intravenous administration. The striatum evidenced a maximum metal concentration at 0.25 h for both routes of administration, however, the midbrain did not show any change. The highest concentration of the metal was held by the liver. The use of copper salts as replacement therapy should consider its rapid and discrete accumulation into the brain and the rapid and massive distribution of the metal into the liver for both oral and intravenous routes. Development of controlled-release pharmaceutical formulations may overcome the problems that the liver accumulation may imply, particularly, for hepatic copper toxicity.
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17
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The Potential of Locally-Sourced European Protein Sources for Organic Monogastric Production: A Review of Forage Crop Extracts, Seaweed, Starfish, Mussel, and Insects. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic monogastric agriculture is challenged because of a limited availability of regional and organic protein-rich ingredients to fulfill the amino acid requirements. The development of novel feed ingredients is therefore essential. The use of starfish (Asterias rubens), mussel (Mytilus edilus), insect, green and brown seaweed, and forage crop extracts exhibits different approaches to increase protein availability in a sustainable manner through improving the protein quality of existing ingredients, better use of under- or unutilized material, or development of circular bioeconomy. This review assessed limitations and opportunities of producing, processing, and using these novel ingredients in feed. The use of non-renewable resources and the effect on the environment of production and processing the feed ingredients are described. Protein concentration and amino acid quality of the feed ingredients are evaluated to understand their substitution potential compared with protein-rich soya bean and fishmeal. Feedstuffs’ effect on digestibility and animal performance is summarized. With the exception of seaweed, all novel ingredients show potential to partly substitute fishmeal or soya bean fulfilling part of the protein requirement in organic monogastric production. However, improvements during production and processing can be made to enhance protein quality, sustainability of the novel ingredients, and nutrient utilization of novel feed ingredients.
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18
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Cai Z, Wang B, Zhang L, Wen S, Xu M, Misselbrook TH, Carswell AM, Gao S. Striking a balance between N sources: Mitigating soil acidification and accumulation of phosphorous and heavy metals from manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142189. [PMID: 33254904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manure amendment has been shown to effectively prevent red soil (Ferralic Cambisol) acidification from chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization. However, information is lacking on how much manure is needed to mitigate acidification and maintain soil productivity while preventing accumulation of other nutrients and heavy metals from long-term inputs. This study determined the effects of various combinations of manure with urea-N on acidification and changes in soil P, K, and heavy metals in a 9-year maize field experiment in southern China. Treatments included chemical N, P and K fertilization only (NPKM0), and NPK plus swine manure, which supplied 20% (NPKM20), 40% (NPKM40), and 60% (NPKM60) of total N at 225 kg N ha-1 year-1. Soil pH, exchangeable acidity, available P and K, and maize yield were determined annually from 2009 to 2018. Soil exchangeable base cations, total and phytoavailable Cr, Pb, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn were measured in 2018. A significant decrease in soil pH occurred under NPKM0 and NPKM20 from initial 4.93 to 4.46 and 4.71, respectively. Whereas, under NPKM40 and NPKM60 no change or a significant increase in soil pH (to 5.47) occurred, as well as increased exchangeable base cations, and increased yields. Manure application markedly increased soil available P (but not K) to 67.6-182.6 mg kg-1 and significantly increased total Pb, Cu, and Zn and available Cu and Zn in soil. The results indicate sourcing 40% or greater of total N from manure can prevent or reverse acidification of red soil, and provide all P required, however, additional K inputs are required for balanced plant nutrient supply. An integrated approach of increasing N use efficiency, reducing chemical input, and reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal feed are all necessary for sustainable use of manure in soil acidity and nutrient management as well as minimizing environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Boren Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Shilin Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tom H Misselbrook
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences - North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Alison M Carswell
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences - North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Suduan Gao
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
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Effect of replacing inorganic trace minerals at lower organic levels on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant status, immune indexes, and fecal mineral excretion in weaned piglets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:121. [PMID: 33442786 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Organic trace minerals (OTMs) have the potential to replace inorganic trace minerals (ITMs), but the degree to which the dietary levels can be reduced is not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing of ITMs with lower levels of OTMs on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and immune indexes in weaned piglets. The experiment was conducted in a subtropical city in Guangdong Province in South China (subtropical climate) from July to September 2018. A total of 600 pigs with an average initial BW of 8.90 kg were allotted by gender and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment. Experimental treatments: (A) Control group (a basal diet with iron, copper, manganese, and zinc from sulfates and sodium selenite providing commercially utilized levels in China of 150, 25, 40, 150, and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively). (B) 1/2 ITM group (inorganic trace minerals providing 1/2 control group levels). (C) 1/2 OTM group (1/2 control group trace mineral levels with manganese, iron, zinc, and selenium from Sel-Plex® and Cu from Bioplex®). (D) 1/3 ITM group (1/3 control group trace mineral levels from inorganic forms). (E) 1/3 OTM group (1/3 control group trace mineral levels from organic forms). The results suggest no significant effects of trace mineral sources or levels, on average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) among different treatments during the entire experiment. The level of zinc in serum was significantly decreased in the 1/3 ITM group. The 1/3 OTM group had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in serum. Fecal mineral excretion decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when decreased dietary levels of trace minerals were included at 1/2 and 1/3 levels regardless of sources. Fecal concentrations of zinc excretion were lower (P < 0.05) with 1/2 OTM supplementation than 1/2 ITMs. The present study shows that replacing high doses of ITMs with low concentrations (1/3) of OTMs does not adversely affect the growth performance of piglets. At low levels, total replacement of ITMs with OTMs improved IgG and reduced fecal excretion of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, thereby mitigating environmental pollution.
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20
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Villagómez‐Estrada S, Pérez JF, van Kuijk S, Melo‐Durán D, Karimirad R, Solà‐Oriol D. Effects of two zinc supplementation levels and two zinc and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:59-71. [PMID: 32969109 PMCID: PMC7821212 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two Zn supplemented levels and two Zn and Cu sources (sulphate and hydroxychloride) on growing-finishing pigs. An in vitro study and an in vivo study were conducted. In the in vitro study, Zn solubility from each source at different Zn supplementation levels was evaluated, as well as the phytic phosphorus (PP) solubility derived from the interaction or not with phytic acid at similar conditions to those found in digestive tract. The most critical interaction of Zn with phytic acid was at pH 6.5 and with Zn sulphate, resulting in the reduction in PP solubility. In the in vivo experiment, a total of 444 pigs ([Duroc × Landrace]×Pietrain; initial BW: 18.7 ± 0.20 kg) were allotted to 36 pens in a randomized complete block design (2 × 2) factorial arrangement with two Zn and Cu sources and two Zn supplemental levels (20 and 80 mg/kg). The Cu supplementation was fixed at 15 mg/kg for all diets. There was no effect of the interaction between mineral source × Zn level or Zn level on growth performance or carcass characteristics (p > .10). Apparent total digestibility of Zn and Cu along with carcass yield was higher for pigs fed hydroxychloride than pigs fed the sulphate counterparts (p < .05). Feeding low levels of Zn decreased Zn (45.5%; p < .0001) and Cu(18.5%; p = .018) faecal excretion. In conclusion, under commercial conditions, feeding growing-finishing pigs with Zn levels below those established by the European Union regulation did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. Reducing dietary mineral (Zn and Cu) diet content resulted in a lower faecal mineral excretion. Pigs fed sulphate minerals had an improved performance during grower period, while pigs fed hydroxychloride minerals showed an improved performance during finishing period and a greater carcass yield and mineral digestibility than those fed sulphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villagómez‐Estrada
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - José Francisco Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Trouw Nutrition, Research and Development DepartmentAmersfoortThe Netherlands
| | - Diego Melo‐Durán
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Razzagh Karimirad
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Department of Animal ScienceLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - David Solà‐Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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21
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Xie C, Elwan HAM, Elnesr SS, Dong XY, Zou XT. Effect of iron glycine chelate supplementation on egg quality and egg iron enrichment in laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:7101-7109. [PMID: 31347692 PMCID: PMC8913954 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of iron glycine chelate (Fe-Gly) on egg quality of laying hens. A total of 810 laying hens (HyLine Variety White, 26 wk old) were randomly assigned to 6 groups, and each group consisting of 135 hens (5 replicates of 27 hens each). Hens in the control group received a diet supplemented with 60 mg Fe/kg as FeSO4, whereas hens in the other 5 groups received diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Gly, respectively. The study showed that dietary Fe-Gly treatments influenced (P < 0.05) the internal egg quality (egg weight, Haugh unit, albumen height), compared with the control group. However, dietary Fe-Gly supplementation showed few effects on the ultrastructure of eggshell in this study. The group of 60 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Gly was promoted (P < 0.05) in succinate dehydrogenase levels of liver and spleen compared with the 0 mg Fe-Gly/kg group, whereas the control (Fe/kg as FeSO4) group has no differences compared with the 0 mg Fe-Gly/kg group. The concentrations of Fe in the eggshell, yolk, and albumen were increased with increasing concentrations of Fe-Gly, where Fe-Gly (60, 80 mg Fe/kg) had higher (P < 0.01) Fe concentration than the control in yolk and albumen. The Fe-Gly groups (60, 80 mg Fe/kg) were influenced (P < 0.05) in transferrin, divalent mental transport 1, and ferroportin 1, compared with the control (FeSO4). In conclusion, Fe-Gly (60 mg Fe/kg) improved egg quality and egg iron enrichment. In general, there were no significant differences between Fe-Gly (40) and the control group in albumen height, Haugh unit, Fe concentration in eggshell and yolk. It revealed that FeSO4 could be substituted by a lower concentration of Fe-Gly and Fe-Gly may be superior to FeSO4 for egg quality in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xie
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - H A M Elwan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - S S Elnesr
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - X Y Dong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - X T Zou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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22
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van Kuijk SJA, Jacobs M, Smits CHM, Han Y. The effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals on the growth performance and carcass quality of grower/finisher pigs: a meta-analysis. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4619-4624. [PMID: 31563941 PMCID: PMC6827415 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study compared the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) with the effect of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) on growth performance and carcass quality in grower-finisher pigs. The results of 6 studies conducted throughout Europe were combined into one meta-analysis. All included studies were performed using pigs from about 19 kg of body weight until slaughter. In all studies, 2 different mineral sources were compared, HTM and sulfates as ITM. Zn from either HTM or ITM was added at a level of 80 ppm to the diet, and Cu was added at a level of 15 ppm from the same source as Zn. In most studies, an additional treatment was included in which 20 ppm Zn was used from either source in combination with 15 ppm Cu from the same source. Diets were fed in 3 phases according to local commercial standards. The body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed ratio were measured at the end of each phase. At the end of each study, the carcass yield, back fat thickness, and lean meat percentage were measured at commercial slaughterhouses. The meta-analysis was conducted using a MIXED model in SAS taking into account the within-study and between-study variation. The comparison was done only between HTM and ITM added at the same Zn level. No statistical differences were observed for growth performance or carcass characteristics between the mineral sources in pigs fed 20 ppm Zn. When 80 ppm Zn was used, a significant improvement in lean meat percentage was observed in pigs fed HTM compared with pigs fed ITM. In the overall study period, there was a tendency towards an increased gain:feed ratio in pigs fed 80 ppm Zn from HTM. In the last feeding phase, before slaughter gain:feed ratio and average daily gain were both significantly improved by 3.9%. In conclusion, HTM addition improved growth performance and lean meat percentage in grower-finisher pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Jacobs
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Holen JP, Urriola PE, Schwartz M, Jang JC, Shurson GC, Johnston LJ. Effects of supplementing late-gestation sow diets with zinc on preweaning mortality of pigs under commercial rearing conditions. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa010. [PMID: 32705011 PMCID: PMC7201080 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine preweaning survival of pigs when sows were supplemented with 3 dietary levels of zinc (Zn) in late gestation. Gilts and sows (n = 339) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments based on parity. Dietary treatments were 1) Control—sows fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet containing 125 ppm total supplemental Zn supplied by ZnSO4 (75 ppm Zn) and AvailaZn (50 ppm Zn, CON); 2) Intermediate—as Control + 240 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (INT); and 3) High—as Control + 470 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (HI). Final supplemental Zn concentrations of the 3 dietary treatments were 1) CON—125 ppm; 2) INT—365 ppm; and 3) HI—595 ppm. Sows received dietary treatments from about day 85 of gestation until farrowing. Individual piglet birth weights were recorded within 12 h of parturition. Instances of piglet mortality were recorded daily. The statistical model considered fixed effects of treatment and random effects of parity. Piglets from sows fed the INT diet had heavier (P < 0.05) birth weights than those fed CON (1.42 vs. 1.38 kg, respectively), while offspring from sows fed HI tended to have heavier (P < 0.10) birth weights (1.40 kg) than pigs from INT sows. Furthermore, incidence of low birth weight pigs was less (P < 0.05) for sows consuming INT compared with sows fed CON and HI. Despite differences in birth weight, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in total pigs born, born alive, or weaned, nor differences in individual piglet gain or weaning weight across treatments. Mortality of low birth weight pigs was lowest (P < 0.05) for offspring from sows fed HI (28.1%) compared with offspring from sows fed INT (36.1%) and CON (38.3%). Similarly, overall piglet mortality tended to decrease (P < 0.10) as dietary Zn content increased (CON: 15.0%, INT: 13.2%, and HI: 12.2%). A subset of pigs (n = 420, n = 140/treatment) were selected at weaning to evaluate effects of dietary treatment on postweaning performance. There were no significant effects of sow Zn supplementation on final body weight, days to market, or carcass characteristics of market pigs. Overall, effects of supplemental dietary Zn at 365 and 595 ppm in late gestation improved preweaning survival of low birth weight piglets and reduced overall preweaning mortality of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Holen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | | | - Jae-Cheol Jang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.,West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN
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Liu G, Wang B, Huang Y, Li K, Ge W, Zhang M, Yue B, Kong M. The Growth Rate, Immune Status, Duodenal Development, and Cecal Microbial Diversity of 24-Day-Old Offspring of SD Rats Received Bacillus subtilis-Cu or CuSO 4 During Pregnancy and Lactation Periods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:435-442. [PMID: 30788719 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 108 pregnant and lactation SD rats were divided into six groups, daily and orally dosed with Bacillus subtilis-copper (CuBs) and CuSO4 (CuS) both at three doses equivalent to 1.5 mg (Cu deficiency), 3 mg, and 6 mg Cu per kg diet, and the effects of the Cu source and dosage on the growth rate, immune status, duodenal development, and cecal microbial diversity were examined on 24-day-old offspring rats. The six offspring rats from each group were randomly selected for measuring the body weight gain and taking blood samples, and three rats were sacrificed for taking duodenum and cecum content samples. We found CuBs increased the body weight gain, development of duodenal villi, and survival rate of the offspring; increased the IgM content and lysozyme activity in serum; reduced the intestinal permeability; and increased the abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Intestinibacter in the cecal content, when compared with CuS. We also found that Cu deficiency showed detrimental effects on the body weight gain and length, the survival rate of the offspring, and the immune indices in serum, as well as the increased intestinal permeability. We concluded that CuBs is better Cu source than CuSO4 for reproductive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- National Waterfowl Industrial Technology System Nutrition and Feed Function Laboratory, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanping Huang
- Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kailing Li
- Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenhua Ge
- National Waterfowl Industrial Technology System Nutrition and Feed Function Laboratory, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mingai Zhang
- Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bin Yue
- National Waterfowl Industrial Technology System Nutrition and Feed Function Laboratory, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Kong
- National Waterfowl Industrial Technology System Nutrition and Feed Function Laboratory, Qingdao, 266109, China
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25
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Font-i-Furnols M, Vilarrasa E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of additional organic micro-minerals and methionine on carcass composition, gait score, bone characteristics, and osteochondrosis in replacement gilts of different growth rate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Jiao Y, Li X, Kim IH. Changes in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission of growing pigs in response to zinc aspartic acid chelate. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:597-604. [PMID: 31480182 PMCID: PMC7054602 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-ASP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Methods A total of 160 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 25.56±2.22 kg were used in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their sex and BW (8 replicates with 2 gilts and 3 barrows per replication pen). Treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet, ii) TRT1, CON+0.1% Zn-ASP, iii) TRT2, CON+0.2% Zn-ASP, and iv) TRT3, CON+0.3% Zn-ASP. Pens were assigned in a randomized complete block design to compensate for known position effects in the experimental facility. Results In the current study, BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio showed significant improvement as dietary Zn-ASP increased (p<0.05) in growing pigs. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was increased linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. A linear effect (p<0.05) was detected for the Zn concentration in blood with the increasing levels of Zn-ASP supplementation. Lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria were affected linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. However, no significant differences were observed in the ATTD of nitrogen, energy and Zn. And dietary Zn-ASP supplementation did not affect fecal ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and total mercaptans emissions in growing pigs. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Zn-ASP of diet exerted beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbes in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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27
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Ma L, He J, Lu X, Qiu J, Hou C, Liu B, Lin G, Yu D. Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:132-138. [PMID: 31208186 PMCID: PMC6946997 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of low-dose trace mineral proteinates on reproductive performance, mineral status, milk immunoglobulin contents and fecal mineral excretion of sows. Methods Eighty crossbred sows (Landrace×Large White) were randomly allocated to two groups in a 135-day trail, from breeding through 21 d postpartum. The two treatments were inorganic trace minerals (ITM): a basal diet+inorganic iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) at 90, 15, 25 and 90 mg/kg, respectively and organic trace minerals (OTM): a basal diet+proteinates of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn at 72, 12, 20, and 72 mg/kg, respectively. Results Compared with ITM, OTM significantly increased (p<0.05) the number of piglets with birthweight >1 kg, the litter weaning weight, and milk Fe, Cu contents. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed on sow hair mineral contents or immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA contents in colostrum and milk. In comparsion to ITM, OTM decreased fecal Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents of gestating sows (p<0.01) and Fe, Mn, and Zn in lactating sows (p<0.01). Conclusion These results indicate that low-dose mineral proteinates can increase the number of piglets with birthweight >1 kg, the litter weaning weight and certain milk mineral concentrations while reducing fecal mineral excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Ma
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Junna He
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xintao Lu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jialing Qiu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuanchuan Hou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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The Influence of the Partial Replacing of Inorganic Salts of Calcium, Zinc, Iron, and Copper with Amino Acid Complexes on Bone Development in Male Pheasants from Aviary Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050237. [PMID: 31086121 PMCID: PMC6562463 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A significant problem of birds reared in farms and then reintroduced to natural living environment is their survival, which is usually much lower than that of the free-living ones. Behavioral and physiological deficiencies rather than morphological anatomy decide about failure, nevertheless, the birds’ body condition, including quality and maturity of skeletal system, are also important. In this context, the problem of proper nutrition for growing game birds is a major one. The level and source of microelements, as well as the source of protein are the main factors affecting bone growth in young captive-reared birds. Since calcium, zinc, iron, and copper are critical nutrients in all practical diets, this experiment was undertaken to determine the possibility of the partial inclusion of organic forms of these elements to the diet of pheasants in order to improve their bone development and survival. Abstract This study analyzed the effects of partial replacing of Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu salts with glycine chelates on the measures of bones health in 16-week-old captive-reared male pheasants, allocated to one of the three experimental groups supplemented with Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu in forms of inorganic salts (the control group) or groups receiving from the ninth week 25% and 50% of supplemented elements as glycine chelates. At the end of rearing birds receiving chelates were heavier (p < 0.001) and their tibia showed an increase of numerous mechanical parameters: yield and ultimate force (p = 0.028, p < 0.001, respectively), stiffness (p = 0.007), Young modulus (p < 0.001), compared to the control animals. The bones of birds receiving chelates in 50% were also heavier (p < 0.001) and longer (p = 0.014), with thinner cortical bone in midshaft (p = 0.027) and thicker proximal trabeculae (p < 0.001) compared to the control. While both doses of chelates increased mineral density in midshaft (p = 0.040), bone content of Cu and Zn decreased (p = 0.025, p < 0.001, respectively). The content of immature collagen in cancellous bone and articular cartilage increased in groups receiving chelates (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, glycine chelates probably enhanced development of the skeletal system in male pheasants as bones were denser and more resistant to mechanical damage.
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Varella E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine with or without limiting growth during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:717-730. [PMID: 32704839 PMCID: PMC7200949 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggested that lameness in growing pigs could be reduced using feeding strategies, such as limiting growth rate and supplementing trace minerals (TM) and (or) methionine (Met). The present study evaluates effects of 1) TM and Met and 2) limiting total lysine (Lys) during the rearing phase (90 d) of gilts (as a means to limit growth rate) on lameness, performance, and sow claw health and productivity (to first parity). Gilts (n = 240; 58.0 ± 11.1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked, distributed into pens of 10 gilts, and pens were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: 1) control or TM plus Met, which provided additional 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of chelated copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively (0.1%, Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L.; Alforja, Spain), and a 1.01 Met:Lys ratio and 2) standard Lys was formulated to meet growth requirements or low Lys to 19% below growth requirements. Feeding was provided through two phases, first between 119 and 163 d of age (phase I) and the second between 163 and 209 d of age (phase II). Diets had 2.43 and 2.31 Mcal net energy/kg for phases I and II, respectively, and were offered ad libitum. Low Lys did not affect feed intake but rather reduced average daily gain (ADG) by 6.35% and the final BW by 3.80% compared with standard Lys (P < 0.001). Low Lys reduced ADG (P < 0.001) and gain:feed (P = 0.012) during phase I but not during phase II. Lameness prevalence was 7.92% during rearing and increased with time (P < 0.001). Final BW (151 kg) and ADG (989 g) were similar (P > 0.05) whether gilts displayed lameness or not. Lameness was low in severity and not affected by dietary factors. However, TM- plus Met-fed gilts were 19.2 kg heavier (P = 0.016) than were control at lameness detection. On the sow farm, there was no evidence for differences in lameness or claw lesions among previous dietary treatments. In conclusion, lameness prevalence during the rearing phase was similar, independent of TM plus Met supplement, low Lys, or the interaction. Insufficient reduction of ADG and low severity in lameness may have limited the potential of dietary treatments. Moreover, a greater deficiency of Lys would be needed to achieve the degree of growth reduction previously reported to lessen lameness through feed restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Gasa
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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30
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Shannon MC, Hill GM. Trace Mineral Supplementation for the Intestinal Health of Young Monogastric Animals. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:73. [PMID: 30918894 PMCID: PMC6424858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth performance and feed efficiency are essential parameters when evaluating profitability of livestock. However, animal performance does not always reflect optimal gut health. Decades of research have supported the theory that improved animal performance such as average daily gain and feed efficiency can be impacted by intestinal health or the ability of the intestinal mucosa to absorb nutrients, but dysfunction may be found when the animal is stressed. Most of the early research focused on enteric infections causing diarrhea and nutritional alternatives to antibiotics which has led to findings related to pharmacological supplementation of trace minerals above the nutrient requirements for non-ruminants. While pharmacological concentrations of copper (Cu) have been shown to enhance growth, the mechanism in the gut is elusive. High concentrations of zinc (Zn) fed to newly weaned nursery pigs reduced the incidence of diarrhea from the proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Clostridium and improve gut morphology. There are numerous publications where pharmacological supplementation of Zn as zinc oxide (ZnO) were fed to newly weaned pigs. Pharmacological Zn has been reported to shape the intestinal microflora as well as the diversity of the microflora during the first 2 weeks post-weaning. Both Fe deficiency and fortification impact bacterial growth in the intestine. Therefore, this paper will focus on the role of trace minerals that potentially impact optimal gut health of young monogastric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen Myers Hill
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Hill GM, Shannon MC. Copper and Zinc Nutritional Issues for Agricultural Animal Production. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:148-159. [PMID: 30612303 PMCID: PMC6373331 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Livestock have presented unique requirements and toxicity issues depending on the species for the various concentrations of Cu and Zn and their interactions with other nutrients especially Fe, Se, Mo, and S. Soil concentrations of these elements and their availability to crops influence the health of the crop and the amount found in vegetative tissues and seeds. Hence, many livestock issues are a result of the soils in the area where production is occurring (Loneragan et al. 1981). While water can provide minerals to animals, the amount consumed and availability are highly variable. Many discoveries about Cu were a result of low Cu concentrations and its availability due to interactions with other nutrients in the soils. Anemia, bone disorders, cardiovascular abnormalities, defective wool and hair, and infertility are signs/symptoms of Cu deficiency. Toxicity due to excess Cu is more likely to occur in sheep than other farm species. Swine are tolerant of high concentrations of dietary Cu, and it is often used as a growth stimulant in production. There are many species and physiological stages where the animal's Cu requirement is not known. Grazing animals can exhibit Zn deficiency when soils and forages contain limited concentrations of Zn. Pastures have been observed to be Zn-deficient in many parts of the world. However, non-ruminant animals usually receive adequate Zn when fed corn and soybean meal diets if there is not excessive Ca and Fe in their diets, but this is not true for rapidly growing young animals. Characteristics of a Zn deficiency include loss of appetite, reduced growth and reproduction, and impaired health of bone and skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Myers Hill
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Yu X, Chen L, Ding H, Zhao Y, Feng J. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030485. [PMID: 30813537 PMCID: PMC6470600 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the transport characteristics of iron from ferrous bisglycinate (Fe-Gly) in intestinal cells. The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-knockout Caco-2 cell line was developed by Crispr-Cas9, and then the cells were treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) or Fe-Gly to observe the labile iron pool and determine their iron transport. The results showed that the intracellular labile iron increased significantly with Fe-Gly or FeSO4 treatment, and this phenomenon was evident over a wide range of time and iron concentrations in the wild-type cells, whereas in the knockout cells it increased only after processing with high concentrations of iron for a long time (p < 0.05). DMT1-knockout suppressed the synthesis of ferritin and inhibited the response of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) and IRP-2 to these two iron sources. The expression of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was not altered by knockout or iron treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT) and iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein 14 (Zip14) was elevated significantly by knockout and iron treatment in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). These results indicated that iron from Fe-Gly was probably mainly transported into enterocytes via DMT1 like FeSO4; Zip14 may play a certain role in the intestinal iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Min YN, Liu FX, Qi X, Ji S, Cui L, Wang ZP, Gao YP. Effects of organic zinc on tibia quality, mineral deposit, and metallothionein expression level of aged hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:366-372. [PMID: 30184139 PMCID: PMC6347128 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effects of methionine hydroxy analog chelate zinc on the tibia quality, mineral deposit, apparent retention of nutrients, and liver metallothionein (MT) expression level of aged laying hens. A total of 960 layers (Hy-Line Grey, 57 wk old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups, and each group had 8 replicates of 30 hens. During the first 2 wk, groups were fed a basal diet without extra zinc (Zn: 35.08 mg/kg). During the ensuing 14 wk, 4 levels of Zn (inorganic Zn: 80 mg/kg; organic Zn: 20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were added to the diet. The results indicated that both the Zn source and level did influence tibia strength and calcium (Ca) and Zn concentrations of tibia (P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in the copper (Cu) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of the tibia and the tibia length (P > 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with 40 or 80 mg/kg of organic Zn showed higher Zn and Ca concentrations in the tibia and higher tibia strength. The Cu concentration in the liver showed no difference among the 4 treatments, whereas the Zn concentration in the liver increased with the increasing Zn level. The apparent retention of P, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) was not affected by the Zn level or source (P > 0.05). However, the organic Zn group increased the apparent retention of Cu, Zn, Ca, crude protein (CP), and energy, and the group supplemented with 40 or 80 mg/kg of organic Zn obtained significant effects (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with 40 or 80 mg/kg organic Zn increased the MT mRNA expression of the liver at week 72, whereas 20 mg/kg of organic Zn decreased it (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggested that an optimum dietary (40 mg/kg) organic Zn level plays a key role in promoting the apparent retention of minerals and nutrients, trace element deposit, and MT mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - F X Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - X Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - S Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - L Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Z P Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Y P Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Xie C, Elwan HAM, Elnesr SS, Dong X, Feng J, Zou XT. Effects of iron glycine chelate on laying performance, antioxidant activities, serum biochemical indices, iron concentrations and transferrin mRNA expression in laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:547-554. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture; Minia University; El-Minya Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | - Xinyang Dong
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao-ting Zou
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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Vašková J, Krempaská K, Žatko D, Mudroň P, Glinská G, Vaško L. Effects of Humic Acids in Chronic Lead Poisoning. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:230-242. [PMID: 29748928 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to lead causes disruption to energy production mechanisms and tissue damage, in particular through its binding to thiol groups and competition for zinc binding sites. We investigated the possibility of preventing the consequences of chronic lead poisoning by administration of three different doses of humic acids (HAs) into feed with the aim of establishing an effective HA dose. During the 10-week experiment, a sub-lethal dose of lead acetate was given to rats during the first 5 weeks, with continuous administration of HA over 10 weeks. Measurements were taken to determine the content of the metals Pb, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn; the metalloid Se; and selected antioxidant markers in the heart, liver, kidney and plasma after the first, fifth and tenth weeks of experiment. The administration of lead and HAs clearly affects the redistribution of the elements and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. This fact was particularly highlighted in the lead-only group as, within the experiment, significantly higher Pb concentrations were found only in the plasma of this group. However, in the group with 1% HA administered with lead, we observed a rise in Zn concentrations in the organs and the deposition of Fe into the liver. Decreased glutathione reductase activity in the plasma and balanced reduced glutathione concentrations indicated sufficient efficiency of redox reactions. SOD activities were among those affected most strongly, with only the 1% HA group showing no effect on heavy metal redistribution as a result of HA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Klára Krempaská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mudroň
- Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Glinská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Varella E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3274-3287. [PMID: 29767794 PMCID: PMC6095335 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is a primary reason for culling and mortality within a sow herd. This study evaluated the impact of feeding organic trace minerals and methionine (Met) to growing gilts (134 d) on lameness, performance, body composition and claw health (to first parity), productivity (to second parity), and reproductive performance through 2 parities. Young gilts (28.8 ± 8.8 kg of body weight [BW], n = 360) were BW blocked (10 gilts/pen) and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: control (CON, basal diet); CON plus organic minerals (MIN, at 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively; Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L, Alforja, Spain); additional Met (MET, at 102% Met: Lys); and MET plus MIN (MM). Feed was provided ad libitum. Lameness, BW, and body composition were measured 7 times during rearing, at gilt service, day 109 of gestation, and first weaning. Gilts fed the MM diet had lower average daily feed intake (5.1%) and final BW (2.1%) than CON gilts (P < 0.05), whereas MIN and MET were intermediate and not different from each other. Similarly, final backfat (BF) was greatest in CON (P < 0.05), whereas CON and MIN increased final loin depth compared with MM (P < 0.05) with MET not being different. During rearing, 7.7% of all gilts presented lameness, which appeared between 106.8 and 129.7 kg BW confidence interval. Gilts that had been or were lame had reduced BW and average daily gain compared with never lame gilts (P < 0.05). Lameness during rearing was highest (P < 0.01) in gilts fed CON diet (14.8%), with no differences amongst MIN (2.0%), MET (5.3%), or MM (6.5%). In the sow herd, 21% of sows showed lameness and 24% of those were associated with claw lesions. At weaning, gilts fed CON diet had highest (P < 0.01) prevalence of lameness (20.8%) with no differences amongst MIN (6.5%), MET (11.1%), or MM (7.6%). Over the first 2 parities, 27.3% of gilts were culled. On farm, lameness was associated with 0.7 more stillborn piglets (P < 0.10), 1 mm more BF loss in first lactation (P < 0.05), and increased weaning-to-estrus by 3 d (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lameness during rearing was decreased by supplementing organic trace minerals, methionine, and their combination, which also reduced lameness during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Gasa
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Hu Y, Zhang W, Chen G, Cheng H, Tao S. Public health risk of trace metals in fresh chicken meat products on the food markets of a major production region in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:667-676. [PMID: 29227952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because most chickens are reared in intensive farms, where a range of feed additives are used routinely, concerns have been raised on the potential public health risk of chicken product consumption. This study was conducted to characterize the contents of trace metals in fresh chicken tissues (354 samples) on the food markets in Guangdong province of southern China, a major region of chicken production with heavy per capita chicken consumption, and to assess the public health risk from chronic dietary exposure to the trace metals through chicken consumption. With the exception of Cr, Ni, and Pb, the contents of trace metals were generally higher in the chicken giblets (livers, gizzards, hearts, and kidneys) compared to muscles (breasts and drumsticks). Chicken tissues from the urban markets generally contained higher levels of As, Cu, Mn, and Zn than those from the rural markets, while the contents of Pb were typically higher in the chicken muscles from the rural markets. Results of statistical analyses indicate that Cu, Zn, and As in the chicken tissues derived mainly from the feeds, which is consistent with the widespread use of Cu, Zn, and phenylarsenic compounds as feed supplements/additives in intensive poultry farming. No non-carcinogenic risk is found with the consumption of fresh chicken meat products on the food markets, while approximately 70% of the adult population in Guangzhou and 30% of those in Lianzhou have bladder and lung cancer risk above the serious or priority level (10-4), which arises from the inorganic arsenic contained in the chicken tissues. These findings indicate that the occurrence of inorganic arsenic at elevated levels in chicken tissues on the food markets in Guangdong province poses a significant public health risk, thus the use of phenylarsenic feed additives in China's poultry farming should be significantly reduced and eventually phased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Liao P, Shu X, Tang M, Tan B, Yin Y. Effect of dietary copper source (inorganic vs. chelated) on immune response, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in nursery piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1416068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mawangdui District of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bie Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Di Giancamillo A, Rossi R, Martino PA, Aidos L, Maghin F, Domeneghini C, Corino C. Copper sulphate forms in piglet diets: Microbiota, intestinal morphology and enteric nervous system glial cells. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:616-624. [PMID: 29231279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation with different copper sulphate (CuSO4 ) forms on small intestine microanatomy and large intestine microbiota. Ninety weaned piglets were divided into three experimental groups: control diet (CTR), with no added CuSO4 and diets supplemented with 150 ppm of CuSO4 in protected (150P) and unprotected form (150UP). After 18 days of dietary treatment, six piglets per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed. Duodenum villi length and crypt depths were higher (P < 0.001) in the animals fed 150UP than other groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for enteric glial cells, was unaffected by dietary treatments. The total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts were lower (P < 0.05) in cecum of animals fed 150P in comparison with the other two groups. In the colon the Streptococci spp were lower (P < 0.001) in both CuSO4 supplemented groups than controls. The obtained results revealed a modulation of intestinal structure and microbiota exerted by the studied CuSO4 dietary supplementation. The present data show that dietary supplementation with 150UP in the first period post-weaning may assist in restoring the gut morphology, improving duodenal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Aidos
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Maghin
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Domeneghini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Corino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
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Li L, Wan D, Long CM, Li GY, Zhang YM, Wu X, Yin YL. Effects of iron status on expression of circadian clock genes and serum lipid metabolism in sucking piglets. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1410018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ci-min Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guan-ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Zhuo Z, Fang S, Hu Q, Huang D, Feng J. Digital gene expression profiling analysis of duodenum transcriptomes in SD rats administered ferrous sulfate or ferrous glycine chelate by gavage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37923. [PMID: 27901057 PMCID: PMC5128800 DOI: 10.1038/srep37923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption of different iron sources is a trending research topic. Many studies have revealed that organic iron exhibits better bioavailability than inorganic iron, but the concrete underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the differences in bioavailability of ferrous sulfate and ferrous glycinate in the intestines of SD rats using Illumina sequencing technology. Digital gene expression analysis resulted in the generation of almost 128 million clean reads, with expression data for 17,089 unigenes. A total of 123 differentially expressed genes with a |log2(fold change)| >1 and q-value < 0.05 were identified between the FeSO4 and Fe-Gly groups. Gene Ontology functional analysis revealed that these genes were involved in oxidoreductase activity, iron ion binding, and heme binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis also showed relevant important pathways. In addition, the expression patterns of 9 randomly selected genes were further validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the digital gene expression results. Our study showed that the two iron sources might share the same absorption mechanism, and that differences in bioavailability between FeSO4 and Fe-Gly were not only in the absorption process but also during the transport and utilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Danping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Tang M, Zhou C, Meng L, Mao D, Peng C, Zhu Y, Huang D, Tan Z, Chen C, Liu C, Zhang D. Overexpression of OsSPL9 enhances accumulation of Cu in rice grain and improves its digestibility and metabolism. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:673-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Scott A, Vadalasetty K, Sawosz E, Łukasiewicz M, Vadalasetty R, Jaworski S, Chwalibog A. Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on metabolic rate and development of broiler embryos. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu B, Xiong P, Chen N, He J, Lin G, Xue Y, Li W, Yu D. Effects of Replacing of Inorganic Trace Minerals by Organically Bound Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Status, and Fecal Mineral Excretion in Commercial Grower-Finisher Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:316-24. [PMID: 26920735 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 180 crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White; BW = 47.1 ± 4.8 kg) were used to investigate the effects of totally replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) by organically bound trace minerals (OTMs) on growth performance, tissue mineral status, liver antioxidant enzyme activities, and fecal mineral excretion in grower-finisher pigs. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and six replicates (n = 10 pigs per pen) was used in this 69-day, 2-phase feeding trial. Experimental treatments were as follows: (1) a basal diet without trace mineral supplementation, (2) basal + ITMs (Fe, Mn, and Zn from sulfates, Cu oxychloride, and sodium selenite providing commercially recommended levels in China at 125, 22.5, 117.5, 30, and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), and 3) basal + OTMs (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu from Bioplex and Se as Sel-Plex (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) providing levels identical to ITMs). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F among the treatments during the entire grower-finisher period. Supplementation with minerals, regardless of source, increased (P < 0.05) the Fe, Cu, and Se levels in the plasma; Fe and Zn levels in the liver; and Se levels in heart. Furthermore, compared with ITM group, the concentration of Zn and Se in the liver and heart, and Se in plasma and longissimus muscle were greater (P < 0.05) in OTM group. Hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD and ALP activities were increased (P < 0.05) when either ITMs or OTMs were supplemented. Pigs supplemented with OTMs displayed greater activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, ALP, and GSH-Px in the liver compared to pigs supplemented with ITMs. Dietary mineral supplementation to pig diets greatly increased (P < 0.05) fecal mineral (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Se) excretion in both grower and finisher phases. Fecal concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Se excretion were lower (P < 0.05) with OTMs supplementation than that in pigs fed diets containing ITMs. These results indicate that use of organic trace minerals, as well as no trace mineral supplementation, did not influence pig growth performance. Totally replacing ITMs by equivalent levels of OTMs could improve hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD, ALP, and GSH-Px activities and reduce fecal Mn, Cu, and Se excretion for grower-finisher pigs when supplemented at commercially recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingwen Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junna He
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lin
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
- Alltech Biological Products (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xue
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
- Alltech Biological Products (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China.
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Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Kwiecień M. Intestinal Alterations, Basal Hematology, and Biochemical Parameters in Adolescent Rats Fed Different Sources of Dietary Copper. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:185-91. [PMID: 26432448 PMCID: PMC4831993 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is required for basically all biochemical and physiological processes in the body. The aim was to evaluate the effects of different sources of dietary copper on jejunal epithelium histomorphometry in adolescent rats. Male rats at the age of 5 weeks were used in the 12-week experiment. The control group was fed with standard diet providing the required Cu level (5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day) in an inorganic form (sulfate) covered 100 % of daily demand, and the other three groups were supplemented with Cu-glycine complex covered 50, 75, and 100 % daily demand. Basal hematological and plasma biochemical analyses as well as histomorphometric examinations of the jejunal epithelium and liver were performed. Cu given in the organic form in 100 % of daily demand depressed the muscular and submucosa layer and the crypt depth (P < 0.05) without an influence of the innervation of the jejunum. In turn, organic Cu given in 75 % of daily demand did not influence the intestinal morphology in adult rats. Dietary organic Cu given to rats covering the daily demand in 50 or 75 % appears to be less harmful with regard to the intestinal epithelium than when administered in 100 % of daily demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka Street, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Jarosz Ł, Kwiecień M, Marek A, Grądzki Z, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kalinowski M, Laskowska E. Effects of feed supplementation with glycine chelate and iron sulfate on selected parameters of cell-mediated immune response in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:68-74. [PMID: 27473977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because little is known about the impact of chelated (Fe-Gly, Fe-Gly+F) and inorganic (FeSO4, FeSO4+F) iron products on immune response parameters in broiler chickens, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of inorganic and organic forms of iron on selected parameters of the cell-mediated immune response in broiler chickens by assessing the percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD25(+), and MHC Class II lymphocytes, as well as the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and IL-2 concentration in the peripheral blood. The experiments were conducted using 50day-old Ross 308 roosters. The test material was peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to determine selected cell-mediated immune response parameters. The results obtained indicate that the use of iron chelates in the diet of broiler chickens may stimulate cellular defense mechanisms. As a result of the experiment an increase was observed in the percentage of Th1, mainly T CD4(+) and T CD8(+). It was also noted that application of chelated iron can increase production of T CD8(+) cytotoxic cells and IL-2, which promotes the body's natural response to developing inflammation. There were no changes in T CD4(+), T CD8(+), T CD25(+) or MHC II lymphocyte subpopulations in the chickens following application of the inorganic form of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalinowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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47
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Wu XZ, Zhang TT, Guo JG, Liu Z, Yang FH, Gao XH. Copper bioavailability, blood parameters, and nutrient balance in mink. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:176-84. [PMID: 25568366 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different sources of copper on plasma metabolites, nutrient digestibility, relative copper bioavailability, and retention of some minerals in male mink. Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet, which mainly consisted of corn, fish meal, meat and bone meal, and soybean oil, with no copper supplementation. Mink in the other 9 treatments were fed the basal diet supplemented with Cu from reagent-grade copper sulfate (CuSO4), tribasic copper chloride (TBCC), or copper methionine (CuMet). Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 50, 100, and 150 mg Cu/kg DM. Blood samples were collected via the toe clip at the end of study (d 42) to determine blood hematology and blood metabolites. A metabolism trial of 4 d was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. There was a linear (P < 0.01) effect of dose of Cu on plasma Cu concentrations, ceruloplasmin concentration, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity. A linear response to Cu dose was noted for fat (P < 0.05) digestibility. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu and decreased (P < 0.05) liver Zn level but did not alter liver Fe. The concentration of liver Cu of the mink fed with TBCC and CuMet diets was greater (P < 0.05) than that fed CuSO4. Compared with CuSO4 (100%), relative bioavailability values of TBCC were 104 and 104%, based on serum ceruloplasmin and liver copper, respectively, and relative bioavailability values of CuMet were 130 and 111%. CuMet and TBCC are more bioavailable than CuSO4. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of CuMet obtained in this study was greater than that of CuSO4 and TBCC. Dose of Cu had an important effect on the regulating ceruloplasmin concentration, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity, and the digestion of dietary fat in mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - T T Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - J G Guo
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Z Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - F H Yang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - X H Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Qian L, Yue X, Hu L, Ma Y, Han X. Changes in diarrhea, nutrients apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets in response to chitosan-zinc chelate. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:564-9. [PMID: 26304729 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A total of 120 weanling barrows weighing 6.11 ± 0.20 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with three replications (i.e. pen) of ten piglets per replicate. Pigs were received corn-soybean basal diet (control) or the same basal diet supplemented with the following sources of zinc: (i) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 ; (ii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as chitosan-Zn chelate (CS-Zn); and (iii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 mixed with chitosan (CS + ZnSO4 ). The results showed that CS-Zn could highly improve average daily gain and average daily feed intake than those of ZnSO4 or CS+ ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The pigs fed dietary CS-Zn had lower diarrhea incidence and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein than those of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The protease activities in duodenal content of the pigs receiving CS-Zn diets was higher than that of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO4 or CS + ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The amylase activity in duodenal content of the pigs fed dietary CS-Zn was higher than that of the pigs receiving ZnSO4 diets or basal diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary CS-Zn showed different bioactivities from ZnSO4 or CS + ZnSO4 in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, improving activities of digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luansha Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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THOMAZ MARIAC, WATANABE PEDROH, PASCOAL LEONARDOA, ASSIS MURILOM, RUIZ URBANOS, AMORIM ALESSANDROB, SILVA SUSANAZ, ALMEIDA VIVIANV, MELO GABRIELM, ROBLES-HUAYNATE RIZALA. Inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in weanling pig diets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inorganic and organic trace minerals in two levels of supplementation regarding performance, diarrhea occurrence, hematological parameters, fecal mineral excretion and mineral retention in metacarpals and liver of weanling pigs. Seventy piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight of 6.70 ± 0.38 kg were allotted in five treatments: control diet (no added trace mineral premix); 50% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 50% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 100% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements); and 100% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements). Feed intake and daily weight gain were not affected by treatments, however, piglets supplemented by trace minerals presented better gain:feed ratio. No differences were observed at calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur excreted in feces per kilogram of feed intake. Treatments did not affect calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and iron content in metacarpals. Trace mineral supplementation, regardless of level and source, improved the performance of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARIA C. THOMAZ
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
| | | | | | - MURILO M. ASSIS
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
| | | | | | - SUSANA Z. SILVA
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
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50
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Jia YF, Jiang MM, Sun J, Shi RB, Liu DS. Studies on different iron source absorption by in situ ligated intestinal loops of broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:154-61. [PMID: 25422090 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the iron source absorption in the small intestine of broiler. In situ ligated intestinal loops of 70 birds were poured into one of seven solutions, including inorganic iron (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3), organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)), the mixtures (FeSO4 with glycine (Fe+Gly(II)), Fe2(SO4)3 with glycine (Fe+Gly(III)), and no Fe source (control). The total volume of 3-mL solution (containing 1 mg of elemental Fe) was injected into intestinal loops, and then 120-min incubation was performed. Compared with inorganic iron groups, in which higher FeSO4 absorption than Fe2(SO4)3 was observed, supplementation with organic Fe glycine chelate significantly increased the Fe concentration in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), however, decreased DMT1 and DcytB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (P < 0.05). Organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)) increased serum iron concentration (SI), compared with inorganic 3 valence iron groups (Fe2(SO4)3 and Fe+Gly(III)) (P < 0.05); moreover, lower TIBC value was observed for the chelate (P < 0.05); however, mixture of inorganic iron and glycine did not have a positive role at DMT1 and DcytB mRNA levels, SI and Fe concentrations in the small intestine. Those results indicated that the absorption of organic Fe glycine chelate was more effective than that of inorganic Fe, and the orders of iron absorption in the small intestine were: Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III) > FeSO4, Fe+Gly(II) > Fe2(SO4)3, Fe+Gly(III). Additionally, the simple mixture of inorganic iron and glycine could not increase Fe absorption, and the duodenum was the main site of Fe absorption in the intestines of broilers and the ileum absorbed iron rarely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
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