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Chhatrapati Bisen A, Nashik Sanap S, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Sankar Bhatta R. Chemical metabolite synthesis and profiling: Mimicking in vivo biotransformation reactions. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106722. [PMID: 37453238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation was previously viewed as merely the structural characterization of drug metabolites, and it was performed only when drug candidates entered clinical development. The synthesis of drug metabolites is crucial to the drug development process because it generates either pharmacologically active, inactive, or reactive molecules and hence their characterization and comprehensive pharmacological evaluation is necessary. The chemical metabolite synthesis is very challenging due to the complex structures of many drug molecules, presence of multiple stereocenters, poor reaction yields, and the formation of unwanted by-products. Drug metabolites and their chemical synthesis have immense significance in the drug discovery process. The chemical synthesis of metabolites facilitates on- or off-target pharmacological and toxicological evaluations at the easiest. In a broader view metabolite could be a target lead molecule for drug design, toxic reactive metabolites, pharmaceutical standards for bioanalytical methods, etc. Collectively these metabolite information dossiers will aid regulatory agencies such as the EMA and FDA in maintaining strict vigilance over drug manufacturers with regard to the safety of NCE's and their hidden metabolites. Herein, we are presenting a systematic compilation of chemical and biocatalytic strategies reported to date for pharmaceutical drug metabolite synthesis. This review report is very useful for the laboratory synthesis of new drug metabolites, and their preclinical biological evaluation could aid in the detection of early threats (alerts) in drug discovery, eliminate the toxicity profile, explore newer pharmacology, and delivering a promising and safe drug candidate to humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Maier MLV, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Labut EM, Vertel EA, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Impact of phenanthrene co-administration on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans. UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral microdosing. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110608. [PMID: 37369263 PMCID: PMC10782561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Current risk assessments for environmental carcinogens rely on animal studies utilizing doses orders of magnitude higher than actual human exposures. Epidemiological studies of people with high exposures (e.g., occupational) are of value, but rely on uncertain exposure data. In addition, exposures are typically not to a single chemical but to mixtures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The extremely high sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows for dosing humans with known carcinogens with de minimus risk. In this study UPLC-AMS was used to assess the toxicokinetics of [14C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]-BaP) when dosed alone or in a binary mixture with phenanthrene (Phe). Plasma was collected for 48 h following a dose of [14C]-BaP (50 ng, 5.4 nCi) or the same dose of [14C]-BaP plus Phe (1250 ng). Following the binary mixture, Cmax of [14C]-BaP significantly decreased (4.4-fold) whereas the volume of distribution (Vd) increased (2-fold). Further, the toxicokinetics of twelve [14C]-BaP metabolites provided evidence of little change in the metabolite profile of [14C]-BaP and the pattern was overall reduction consistent with reduced absorption (decrease in Cmax). Although Phe was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the major hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) responsible for metabolism of [14C]-BaP, CYP1A2, the high inhibition constant (Ki) and lack of any increase in unmetabolized [14C]-BaP in plasma makes this mechanism unlikely to be responsible. Rather, co-administration of Phe reduces the absorption of [14C]-BaP through a mechanism yet to be determined. This is the first study to provide evidence that, at actual environmental levels of exposure, the toxicokinetics of [14C]-BaP in humans is markedly altered by the presence of a second PAH, Phe, a common component of environmental PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Edwin M Labut
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Emily A Vertel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Lim J, Shioda T, Malott KF, Shioda K, Odajima J, Leon Parada KN, Nguyen J, Getze S, Lee M, Nguyen J, Reshel Blakeley S, Trinh V, Truong HA, Luderer U. Prenatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene depletes ovarian reserve and masculinizes embryonic ovarian germ cell transcriptome transgenerationally. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8671. [PMID: 37248279 PMCID: PMC10227008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
People are widely exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Prior studies showed that prenatal exposure to BaP depletes germ cells in ovaries, causing earlier onset of ovarian senescence post-natally; developing testes were affected at higher doses than ovaries. Our primary objective was to determine if prenatal BaP exposure results in transgenerational effects on ovaries and testes. We orally dosed pregnant germ cell-specific EGFP-expressing mice (F0) with 0.033, 0.2, or 2 mg/kg-day BaP or vehicle from embryonic day (E) 6.5-11.5 (F1 offspring) or E6.5-15.5 (F2 and F3). Ovarian germ cells at E13.5 and follicle numbers at postnatal day 21 were significantly decreased in F3 females at all doses of BaP; testicular germ cell numbers were not affected. E13.5 germ cell RNA-sequencing revealed significantly increased expression of male-specific genes in female germ cells across generations and BaP doses. Next, we compared the ovarian effects of 2 mg/kg-day BaP dosing to wild type C57BL/6J F0 dams from E6.5-11.5 or E12.5-17.5. We observed no effects on F3 ovarian follicle numbers with either of the shorter dosing windows. Our results demonstrate that F0 BaP exposure from E6.5-15.5 decreased the number of and partially disrupted transcriptomic sexual identity of female germ cells transgenerationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Toshihiro Shioda
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kelli F Malott
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Keiko Shioda
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Junko Odajima
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | | | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | | | - Melody Lee
- Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | | | | | - Vienna Trinh
- Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 856 Health Sciences Rd, Suite 3200, Zot 1830, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Ololade IA, Alabi BA, Oladoja NA, Ololade OO, Apata AO. Occurrence and probabilistic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of auto-mechanics in Akure Metro, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:727. [PMID: 37227527 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study provides baseline data on the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blood and urine samples of auto-mechanics, using Nigeria as a case study. Eighteen auto-mechanics participated in the study excluding two controls. The concentrations for the ΣPAHs across all participants (excluding control) ranged from 1.67 to 3.30 (2.17 ± 0.58) in blood with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) range of 7.61 to 10.76 (8.69 ± 1.00) in urine. The high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings) dominated the PAH profile in both blood (≥ 92%) and urine (≥ 87%) across all locations. Dibenz(a)anthracene was the most distributed PAH, while acenaphthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene were the least distributed. The dermal route constituted approximately 99% of the total chronic exposure, followed by ingestion, and the least via inhalation. The hazard index (HI) was below the safe thresholds (HI = 1), suggesting non-carcinogenic PAH effects. However, all the participants including control samples had carcinogenic risk (CR) values above the acceptable level of 10-6 in both blood and urine samples. The carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies were higher in urine than in blood. The results suggest less acute toxicity and more potential chronic effects. The computed elimination ratio (> 1) suggests low excretion in urine and a potentially harmful trend. Molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest mixed PAH sources. The study revealed biomonitoring solely dependent on blood analysis may greatly underestimate health risks due to PAH exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide levels of PAHs in the blood and urine of Nigerian mechanics. Findings herein will support policymakers at all levels in re-focusing attention to the less prioritized professions that pre-disposes people to PAHs and other emerging pollutants in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ayodele Ololade
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Bosede Adenike Alabi
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Nurudeen Abiola Oladoja
- Hydrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, AkungbaAkoko, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaranti Olubunmi Ololade
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Oyewumi Apata
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 1400 Farragut Street, Bremerton, WA, 98314, USA
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Sousa G, Teixeira J, Delerue-Matos C, Sarmento B, Morais S, Wang X, Rodrigues F, Oliveira M. Exposure to PAHs during Firefighting Activities: A Review on Skin Levels, In Vitro/In Vivo Bioavailability, and Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12677. [PMID: 36231977 PMCID: PMC9565977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure as a firefighter is a complex activity that continuously exposes subjects to several health hazards including fire emissions during firefighting. Firefighters are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known as toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds, by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. In this work, a literature overview of firefighters' dermal exposure to PAHs after firefighting and data retrieved from skin in vitro/in vivo studies related to their dermal absorption, bioavailability, and associated toxicological and carcinogenic effects are reviewed. The evidence demonstrates the contamination of firefighters' skin with PAHs, mainly on the neck (2.23-62.50 ng/cm2), wrists (0.37-8.30 ng/cm2), face (2.50-4.82 ng/cm2), and hands (1.59-4.69 ng/cm2). Concentrations of possible/probable carcinogens (0.82-33.69 ng/cm2), including benzopyrene isomers, were found on firefighters' skin. PAHs penetrate the skin tissues, even at low concentrations, by absorption and/or diffusion, and are locally metabolized and distributed by the blood route to other tissues/organs. Lighter PAHs presented increased dermal permeabilities and absorption rates than heavier compounds. Topical PAHs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and promote the enzymatic generation of reactive intermediates that may cause protein and/or DNA adducts. Future research should include in vitro/in vivo assays to perform a more realistic health risk assessment and to explore the contribution of dermal exposure to PAHs total internal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS-Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Vermillion Maier ML, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolites predominant in human plasma following escalating oral micro-dosing with [ 14C]-BaP. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107045. [PMID: 34920278 PMCID: PMC8791557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials (petroleum, coal, tobacco, etc.). BaP is designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 known human carcinogen; a classification supported by numerous studies in preclinical models and epidemiology studies of exposed populations. Risk assessment relies on toxicokinetic and cancer studies in rodents at doses 5-6 orders of magnitude greater than average human uptake. Using a dose-response design at environmentally relevant concentrations, this study follows uptake, metabolism, and elimination of [14C]-BaP in human plasma by employing UPLC - accelerator mass spectrometry (UPLC-AMS). Volunteers were administered 25, 50, 100, and 250 ng (2.7-27 nCi) of [14C]-BaP (with interceding minimum 3-week washout periods) with quantification of parent [14C]-BaP and metabolites in plasma measured over 48 h. [14C]-BaP median Tmax was 30 min with Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) approximating dose-dependency. Marked inter-individual variability in plasma pharmacokinetics following a 250 ng dose was seen with 7 volunteers as measured by the Cmax (8.99 ± 7.08 ng × mL-1) and AUC0-48hr (68.6 ± 64.0 fg × hr-1 × mL-1). Approximately 3-6% of the [14C] recovered (AUC0-48 hr) was parent compound, demonstrating extensive metabolism following oral dosing. Metabolite profiles showed that, even at the earliest time-point (30 min), a substantial percentage of [14C] in plasma was polar BaP metabolites. The best fit modeling approach identified non-compartmental apparent volume of distribution of BaP as significantly increasing as a function of dose (p = 0.004). Bay region tetrols and dihydrodiols predominated, suggesting not only was there extensive first pass metabolism but also potentially bioactivation. AMS enables the study of environmental carcinogens in humans with de minimus risk, allowing for important testing and validation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models derived from animal data, risk assessment, and the interpretation of data from high-risk occupationally exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Lim J, Ramesh A, Shioda T, Leon Parada K, Luderer U. Sex Differences in Embryonic Gonad Transcriptomes and Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolite Levels After Transplacental Exposure. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab228. [PMID: 34734245 PMCID: PMC8633617 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are generated during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Prior research has demonstrated that BaP is a prenatal ovarian toxicant and carcinogen. However, the metabolic pathways active in the embryo and its developing gonads and the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to BaP predisposes to ovarian tumors later in life remain to be fully elucidated. To address these data gaps, we orally dosed pregnant female mice with BaP from embryonic day (E) 6.5 to E11.5 (0, 0.2, or 2 mg/kg/day) for metabolite measurement or E9.5 to E11.5 (0 or 3.33 mg/kg/day) for embryonic gonad RNA sequencing. Embryos were harvested at E13.5 for both experiments. The sum of BaP metabolite concentrations increased significantly with dose in the embryos and placentas, and concentrations were significantly higher in female than male embryos and in embryos than placentas. RNA sequencing revealed that enzymes involved in metabolic activation of BaP are expressed at moderate to high levels in embryonic gonads and that greater transcriptomic changes occurred in the ovaries in response to BaP than in the testes. We identified 490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with false discovery rate P-values < 0.05 when comparing BaP-exposed to control ovaries but no statistically significant DEGs between BaP-exposed and control testes. Genes related to monocyte/macrophage recruitment and activity, prolactin family genes, and several keratin genes were among the most upregulated genes in the BaP-exposed ovaries. Results show that developing ovaries are more sensitive than testes to prenatal BaP exposure, which may be related to higher concentrations of BaP metabolites in female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Leon Parada
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Benzo(a)pyrene-induced cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, DNA damage, and altered gene expression profiles in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:891-913. [PMID: 33411230 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the US alone, around 60,000 lives/year are lost to colon cancer. In order to study the mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis, in vitro model systems are required in addition to in vivo models. Towards this end, we have used the HT-29 colon cancer cells, cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), which were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous and prototypical environmental and dietary toxicant at 1, 10, 100 nM and 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM concentrations for 96 h. Post-BaP exposure, growth, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes were determined. The BaP metabolite concentrations in colon cells were identified and measured. Furthermore, the BaP biotransformation enzymes were studied at the protein and mRNA levels. The BaP exposure-induced damage to DNA was assessed by measuring the oxidative damage to DNA and the concentrations of BaP-DNA adducts. To determine the whole repertoire of genes that are up- or downregulated by BaP exposure, mRNA transcriptome analysis was conducted. There was a BaP exposure concentration (dose)-dependent decrease in cell growth, cytotoxicity, and modulation of the cell cycle in the treatment groups compared to untreated or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO: vehicle for BaP)-treated categories. The phase I biotransformation enzymes, CYP1A1 and 1B1, showed BaP concentration-dependent expression. On the other hand, phase II enzymes did not exhibit any marked variation. Consistent with the expression of phase I enzymes, elevated concentrations of BaP metabolites were generated, contributing to the formation of DNA lesions and stable DNA adducts, which were also BaP concentration-dependent. In summary, our studies established that biotransformation of BaP contributes to cytotoxicity, proliferation of tumor cells, and alteration of gene expression by BaP. • Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is an environmental and dietary toxicant. • BaP causes cytotoxicity in cultured HT-29 colon cancer cells. • mRNA transcriptome analyses revealed that BaP impacts cell growth, cell cycle, biotransformation, and DNA damage.
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Cheng T, Lam AK, Gopalan V. Diet derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its pathogenic roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103522. [PMID: 34748942 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are molecules that contaminate meat products during the high-temperature cooking of meat. This study reviewed the pathogenic roles of meat derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ingested PAHs undergo xenobiotic metabolism resulting in the activation of genotoxic metabolites that can induce DNA damage in the colorectum. Genetic polymorphisms in PAH xenobiotic enzymes are linked to the risk of CRC and suggest a role for PAH-meat ingestion in carcinogenesis of colorectal malignancies. Furthermore, PAH specific DNA adducts have been identified in colorectal cancer tissue and linked to high meat intake. DNA adduct resolution is mediated by the nucleotide excision repair, and polymorphisms within genes of this repair pathway and high meat intake are associated with increased CRC risk. In the literature, there is evidence from metabolic enzyme gene variants, DNA repair genes, PAH metabolites, and epidemiological studies suggesting PAH involvement in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie Cheng
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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10
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Urinary levels of dimethoate, bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene in first-year students of Hohai University from different geographical regions. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1692. [PMID: 34530795 PMCID: PMC8447509 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to detect the urinary levels of dimethoate, benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in first-year Hohai University students with different geographic origins. METHODS First-morning urine samples were collected from 540 healthy freshmen aged 17 to 19 years. Chemical levels were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method. Geometric means (GMs) of these three chemicals are presented by body mass index (BMI) and location in a volume-based and creatinine-standardized way. RESULTS GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA and 3-OHBaP were 9.47 μg/L (10.80 μg/g creatinine), 3.54 μg/L (4.04 μg/g creatinine) and 0.34 ng/L (0.39 ng/g creatinine), respectively. The GM concentration of omethoate in males was significantly higher than that in females. The individuals with a BMI higher than 23.9 had higher GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP. The inhabitants of Southwest China had significantly lower GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP than those who lived in other locations in China. CONCLUSION The average level of environmental chemical accumulation in freshmen is lower in Southwest China and differs in youth who live in different regions. In addition, obesity is correlated with higher toxin levels in youth.
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11
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Dobrowolski JC, Dudek WM, Karpińska G, Baraniak A. Substituent Effect in the Cation Radicals of Monosubstituted Benzenes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6936. [PMID: 34203254 PMCID: PMC8269098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 30 monosubstituted benzene cation radicals, studied at the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ level, the phenyl rings usually adopt a compressed form, but a differently compressed form-equivalent to an elongated one-may coexist. The computational and literature ionization potentials are well correlated. The geometrical and magnetic aromaticity, estimated using HOMA and NICS indices, show the systems to be structurally aromatic but magnetically antiaromatic or only weakly aromatic. The partial charge is split between the substituent and ring and varies the most at C(ipso). In the ring, the spin is 70%, concentrated equally at the C(ipso) and C(p) atoms. The sEDA(D) and pEDA(D) descriptors of the substituent effect in cation radicals, respectively, were determined. In cation radicals, the substituent effect on the σ-electron system is like that in the ground state. The effect on the π-electron systems is long-range, and its propagation in the radical quinone-like ring is unlike that in the neutral molecules. The pEDA(D) descriptor correlates well with the partial spin at C(ipso) and C(p) and weakly with the HOMA(D) index. The correlation of the spin at the ring π-electron system and the pEDA(D) descriptor shows that the electron charge supplied to the ring π-electron system and the spin flow oppositely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cz. Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (G.K.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech M. Dudek
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Anna Baraniak
- National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (G.K.); (A.B.)
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12
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Dutot M, Olivier E, Fouyet S, Magny R, Hammad K, Roulland E, Rat P, Fagon R. In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:34. [PMID: 33466689 PMCID: PMC7828825 DOI: 10.3390/md19010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélody Dutot
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France;
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Elodie Olivier
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Sophie Fouyet
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Romain Magny
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Karim Hammad
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrice Rat
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Roxane Fagon
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France;
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13
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Ding N, Li Z. When Anthracene and Quinone Avoid Cycloaddition: Acid-Catalyzed Redox Neutral Functionalization of Anthracene to Aryl Ethers. Org Lett 2020; 22:4276-4282. [PMID: 32396008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzoquinone and 9-phenylanthracene barely undergo anticipated cycloaddition under acid catalysis. Instead, 9-anthracenyl aryl ethers are obtained as unexpected products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction likely undergoes an ionic mechanism between protonated anthracene species and nucleophilic oxygen of 1,4-benzoquinone or 1,4-hydroquinone. A variety of 9-anthracenyl aryl ethers are constructed with this method. Produced anthracenyl aryl ethers are potential scaffolds for new fluorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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14
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Csiszar A, Balasubramanian P, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Zhang XA, Springo Z, Benbrook D, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z. Chemically induced carcinogenesis in rodent models of aging: assessing organismal resilience to genotoxic stressors in geroscience research. GeroScience 2019; 41:209-227. [PMID: 31037472 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is significant overlap between the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and pathways contributing to carcinogenesis, including the role of genome maintenance pathways. In the field of geroscience analysis of novel genetic mouse models with either a shortened, or an extended, lifespan provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the synergistic roles of longevity assurance pathways in cancer resistance and regulation of lifespan and to develop novel targets for interventions that both delay aging and prevent carcinogenesis. There is a growing need for robust assays to assess the susceptibility of cancer in these models. The present review focuses on a well-characterized method frequently used in cancer research, which can be adapted to study resilience to genotoxic stress and susceptibility to genotoxic stress-induced carcinogenesis in geroscience research namely, chemical carcinogenesis induced by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Recent progress in understanding how longer-living mice may achieve resistance to chemical carcinogenesis and how these pathways are modulated by anti-aging interventions is reviewed. Strain-specific differences in sensitivity to DMBA-induced carcinogenesis are also explored and contrasted with mouse lifespan. The clinical relevance of inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis for the pathogenesis of mammary adenocarcinomas in older human subjects is discussed. Finally, the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the regulation of pathways responsible for cellular resilience to DMBA-induced mutagenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zsolt Springo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Doris Benbrook
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Jeng HAC, Lin WY, Chao MR, Lin WY, Pan CH. Semen quality and sperm DNA damage associa -revised - final-finalted with oxidative stress in relation to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 53:1221-1228. [PMID: 30623705 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1528035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether oxidative stress induced by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. A total of 106 who met the inclusion criteria, were recruited from a coke-oven plant during their annual health checkup. The human subjects were grouped into the high exposure group, the low exposure group and the control based on PAH concentrations surrounding their employment locations. Semen quality, oxidative stress status, and sperm DNA damage [DNA fragmentation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo)] were assessed. Urinary 1-hydroxypyren (1-OHP) was used to assess human subject exposure to PAHs. The high exposure group experienced significantly lower sperm motility and normal morphology than the control (P = 0.046 and 0.049, respectively). The high exposure group also had significantly higher 8-oxoGuo concentrations in sperm than the control (P = 0.027). Urinary 1-OHP concentration was associated with decreased motility and less normal morphology, along with increased sperm oxidative damage and ROS concentrations. Oxidative stress induced by exposure to PAHs was associated with decreased sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna C Jeng
- a School of Community and Environmental Health , College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA
| | - Wen Y Lin
- b Department of Occupational Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Mu R Chao
- c Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen Y Lin
- b Department of Occupational Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chih H Pan
- d Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan , Taipei , Taiwan
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16
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Chen LL, Tseng CH, Tseng WJ. Development of a system dynamics model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its application to assess the benefits of pollution reduction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:231-236. [PMID: 30273845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic multimedia transport (DMT) model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was constructed using the system dynamics software STELLA to simulate the transmission and flow of PAHs in different media. Humans are primarily exposed to PAHs via ingestion. Thus, this study used the DMT model to simulate the concentrations of PAHs in food media and the human body and assess the risk of harm to humans. On the basis of the hypothesis of PAH reduction in the Taiwanese steel industry, two scenarios were used (cases I and II), and integration indicators such as the Air Resource Co-Benefit Model of air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and PAHs reduction was established for the cost-benefit analysis of the reduction scenarios. This study not only established Taiwan's PAHs dynamic multimedia transmission model successfully but also performed a reduction scenario on the steel industry. In the year 2025, the total costs for cases I and II will be USD 690 and USD 694 million per year, respectively, and the total benefits will be USD 492 and 1669 million per year, respectively. Therefore, case II is preferable to case I in terms of benefit ratio (2.40 vs. 2.35, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Heng Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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17
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Solar simulated light exposure alters metabolization and genotoxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human skin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14692. [PMID: 30279536 PMCID: PMC6168490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a major barrier against external insults and is exposed to combinations of chemical and/or physical toxic agents. Co-exposure to the carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and solar UV radiation is highly relevant in human health, especially in occupational safety. In vitro studies have suggested that UVB enhances B[a]P genotoxicity by activating the AhR pathway and overexpressing the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the conversion of B[a]P into DNA damaging metabolites. Our present work involved more realistic conditions, namely ex vivo human skin explants and simulated sunlight (SSL) as a UV source. We found that topically applied B[a]P strongly induced expression of cutaneous cytochrome P450 genes and formation of DNA adducts. However, gene induction was significantly reduced when B[a]P was combined with SSL. Consequently, formation of BPDE-adducts was also reduced when B[a]P was associated with SSL. Similar results were obtained with primary cultures of human keratinocytes. These results indicate that UV significantly impairs B[a]P metabolism, and decreases rather than increases immediate toxicity. However, it cannot be ruled out that decreased metabolism leads to accumulation of B[a]P and delayed genotoxicity.
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18
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Bracci M, Lombardo C, Romano G, Cinà D, Mucci N, Castorina S, Rapisarda V. Mutagenic and DNA repair activity in traffic policemen: a case-crossover study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30116289 PMCID: PMC6083631 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emissions from vehicles are composed of heterogeneous mixtures of hazardous substances; several pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are amongst the most dangerous substances detected in urban monitoring. A cohort of traffic policemen usually occupationally exposed to PAHs present in the urban environment were examined in order to assess the mutagenicity and DNA capacity repair. Methods Seventy-two urban traffic policemen working in Catania's metropolitan area were enrolled in the study. Two spot urine samples were collected from each subject during the whole working cycle as follows: sample 1 (S1), pre-shift on day 1; sample 2 (S2) post-shift on day 6. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was measured to serve as an indirect exposure indicator. Urinary mutagenic activity was assessed through the plate incorporation pre-incubation technique with S9, using YG1024 Salmonella typhimurium strain over-sensitive to PAH metabolite. Concentrations of urinary 8-oxodG were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results As regards the exposure to PAHs, results highlighted a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between pre-shift on day 1 and post-shift on day 6 levels. Mutagenic activity was detected in 38 (66%) workers on S1 and in 47 (81%) on S2. Also 8-oxodG analysis showed a statistically significant difference between S1 and S2 sampling. Conclusions This study demonstrated that occupational exposure to pollutants from traffic emission, assessed via 1-OHP measurements in urine, may lead to DNA repair and mutagenic activity, in line with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- 3Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Romano
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 5Occupational Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Bal C, Ağış ER, Büyükşekerci M, Gündüzöz M, Tutkun L, Yılmaz ÖH. Occupational exposure to asphalt fume can cause oxidative DNA damage among road paving workers. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:471-476. [PMID: 29512166 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We designed the present study to determine the effect of occupational exposure to asphalt fumes on oxidative status and DNA damage in road paving workers. METHODS Sixty road paving workers exposed to asphalt fumes and forty non-exposed control subjects were recruited. Occupational exposure to PAHs was assessed by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretion. Serum thiol disulfide homeostasis (TDH), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and urinary 8-hydro-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level were evaluated by automated colourimetric method. RESULTS The urinary concentrations of 1-OHP and 8-OH-dG were significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Disulfide/thiol ratio, TOS, and TAS were also significantly higher for the asphalt workers. A positive correlation existed between urinary 1-OHP and 8-OH-dG, TOS and TAS. CONCLUSION Study results indicate that exposure to PAHs induces oxidative stress and causes genotoxic effects in asphalt workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Bal
- Department of Biochemistry; Yıldırım Beyazıt University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Erol R. Ağış
- Department of Pharmacology; Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Büyükşekerci
- Department of Pharmacology; Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Meşide Gündüzöz
- Department of Family Medicine; Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Tutkun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Bozok University; Yozgat Turkey
| | - Ömer H. Yılmaz
- Department of Public Health; Yıldırım Beyazıt University; Ankara Turkey
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20
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Pilot Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Benzo(a)pyrene in Serum From Military Personnel. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:S44-52. [PMID: 27501104 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of using Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) samples to study health and exposure-related effects. METHODS Thirty unidentified human serum samples were obtained from the DoDSR and analyzed for normal serum metabolites with high-resolution mass spectrometry and serum levels of free benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic associations with BaP were determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) and metabolic pathway enrichment. RESULTS The serum analysis detected normal ranges of glucose, selected amino acids, fatty acids, and creatinine. Free BaP was detected in a broad concentration range. MWAS of BaP showed associations with lipids, fatty acids, and sulfur amino acid metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The results show that the DoDSR samples are of sufficient quality for chemical profiling of DoD personnel.
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Agarwal P, Singh L, Anand M, Taneja A. Association Between Placental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS), Oxidative Stress, and Preterm Delivery: A Case-Control Study. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:218-227. [PMID: 28916946 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are known to disturb the antioxidant defense system, which may indirectly contribute to induction of early pregnancy in women. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to offer preliminary information about exposure to PAHs by estimating their placental levels and its association with oxidative stress as well as with preterm birth. Placenta tissue samples were drawn after delivery from 84 healthy pregnant women, recruited at a local nursing home of Agra, India, and levels of PAHs were quantified by gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. To evaluate redox status biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in placenta tissue. Significantly elevated levels of benzo(a)pyrene and MDA while decreasing trend of GSH was found in women with preterm delivery group (study) than women with a full-term delivery group (control). Results demonstrated higher, but statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), levels of naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, and benzo(ghi)perylene in the study group than the control group. However, higher and lower molecular weight PAHs showed significant correlation for the depletion trend of GSH sights upon an example of oxidative stress mechanism. Because of limited statistical power and absence of controlled confounders, this study does not provide an ample involvement of PAHs with preterm delivery but increased MDA and decreased GSH in cases than controls gives the possible contribution of PAHs to early delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Laxmi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Madhu Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, 282002, India.
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22
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oils on the incidence of various cancers- A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:488-505. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1379470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kumeshini Sukalingam
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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23
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Penning TM. Genotoxicity of ortho-quinones: reactive oxygen species versus covalent modification. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017. [PMID: 29527287 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
o-Quinones are formed metabolically from natural and synthetic estrogens as well as upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and contribute to estrogen and PAH carcinogenesis by genotoxic mechanisms. These mechanisms include the production of reactive oxygen species to produce DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged nucleobases; and the formation of covalent depurinating and stable DNA adducts. Unrepaired DNA-lesions can lead to mutation in critical growth control genes and cellular transformation. The genotoxicity of the o-quinones is exacerbated by nuclear translocation of estrogen o-quinones by the estrogen receptor and by the nuclear translocation of PAH o-quinones by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The properties of o-quinones, their formation and detoxication mechanisms, quinone-mediated DNA lesions and their mutagenic properties support an important role in hormonal and chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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24
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Kim SM, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Benzo(a)pyrene induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-induced endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Yao L, Pan L, Guo R, Miao J. Expression profiles of different glutathione S-transferase isoforms in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene in combination and alone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:480-488. [PMID: 28460308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to anthropogenic pressure. This study aimed at evaluating the response of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in scallop Chlamys farreri against benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and chrysene (CHR) exposure under laboratory conditions. Nine published GST genes were classified into six subfamilies and a new member of rho family was identified for the first time. Twelve GSTs (including nine published GST genes and three in transcriptome established by our laboratory) mRNA transcript levels in the gills, digestive glands, adductor muscle, mantle, testis, ovaries, blood cells of scallops were measured by real-time PCR. The results showed that the mRNA transcript levels of twelve GSTs, except GST-zeta, GST-mu and GST-microsomal, were highest in digestive gland. Accordingly, the mRNA expression levels of GSTs were measured in digestive glands of scallops exposed to BaP (0.1μg/L and 1μg/L), CHR (0.1μg/L and 1μg/L) and their mixtures (0.1μg/L BaP +0.1μg/L CHR and 1μg/L BaP +1μg/L CHR). The results indicated that different GST had specific response to different pollution exposure. In BaP exposure experiment, the mRNA expression level of GST-theta was a potential suitable biomarker. GST-sigma-2 and GST-3, which belonged to sigma class, were sensitive to CHR exposure while GST-microsomal was considered a potential ideal bioindicator to joint exposure of BaP and CHR. In summary, this study investigated the classification of GSTs and provided information about the expression profiles of different class GSTs after PAHs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
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26
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Biodegradation of benzo[α]pyrene, toluene, and formaldehyde from the gas phase by a consortium of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Fusarium solani. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6765-6777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Gao H, Cao Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Guan W. Study of the genotoxicity of organic extracts from wastewater-irrigated vegetables using in vitro and in vivo biological tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7051-7059. [PMID: 28092007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore genotoxicity due to organic pollutants in wastewater-irrigated vegetables using biological and chemical analyses. Chinese cabbages from wastewater-irrigated farmland were taken as the research object. For the in vitro test, DNA damage was characterized in rat hepatocytes exposed to organic extracts from the cabbages using the comet assay. For the in vivo tests, mice were exposed to organic extracts from the cabbages. DNA damage was assessed in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and chromosome damage was assessed in bone marrow cells using the comet assay and micronucleus test, respectively. For the chemical analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the organic compounds in the organic vegetable extracts. The in vitro test results showed that the comet tail lengths of the DNA in rat hepatocytes were significantly increased in the group dosed with 0.36 g/ml (P < 0.05), and the comet tailing rates of the hepatocytes were significantly increased in the groups dosed with 0.24 and 0.36 g/ml (P < 0.05). The in vivo test results indicated that the comet tail lengths of the DNA in mouse PBLs were increased in the low- and high-dose groups and that the comet tailing rate of the PBLs was increased in the high-dose group (P < 0.05). The chemical analysis results showed that the total organic content in the organic vegetable extracts from the wastewater-irrigated area (1.355 mg/kg) was significantly higher than the content in the cabbage samples from the clean-water-irrigated area (0.089 mg/kg). This finding indicated that wastewater irrigation can cause organic pollution with genetic toxicity in vegetables. This study also showed that in vivo and in vitro biological tests can reflect the joint toxicity of organic pollutants, and the test results were in accordance with the chemical analysis of the organic pollutant compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Gao
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Yanhua Cao
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Weijun Guan
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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28
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Hardonnière K, Huc L, Sergent O, Holme JA, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Environmental carcinogenesis and pH homeostasis: Not only a matter of dysregulated metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:49-65. [PMID: 28088583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, around 20% of all cancers would be due to environmental factors. Among these factors, several chemicals are indeed well recognized carcinogens. The widespread contaminant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an often used model carcinogen of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' family, has been suggested to target most, if not all, cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. It is classified as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer; however, the precise intracellular mechanisms underlying its carcinogenic properties remain yet to be thoroughly defined. Recently, the pH homeostasis, a well known regulator of carcinogenic processes, was suggested to be a key actor in both cell death and Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming induced upon B[a]P exposure. The present review will highlight those data with the aim of favoring research on the role of H+ dynamics in environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hardonnière
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- INRA UMR 1331 ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse ENVT, INP, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset - Inserm UMR 1085), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, UMS CNRS 3480/US Inserm 018, F 35043 Rennes, France.
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29
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Guo R, Pan L, Lin P, Zheng L. The detoxification responses, damage effects and bioaccumulation in the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to single and mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:36-51. [PMID: 27627846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the detoxification responses, damage effects and biotransformation in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (0.1, 1μg/L), chrysene (CHR) (0.1, 1μg/L) and BaP+CHR (0.1+0.1, 1+1μg/L) for 15days. Results demonstrated that BaP and CHR concentration (BaP<CHR) in tissues increased rapidly in a time and dose effect. The mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were induced especially in the mixtures of BaP and CHR. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) mRNA expression was significantly elevated at days 1, 10 and 15. Detoxification enzymes of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), uridine-diphosphate-glucuronyl-transferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) were significantly induced and then became stable gradually while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was inhibited in the mixtures of BaP and CHR at days 10 and 15. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were all stimulated especially in the mixtures of BaP and CHR. The levels of DNA strand breaks, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents showed damage effects exposed BaP and CHR. All the results indicated that BaP and CHR have similar induced effect and a majority of the biomarkers pointed to a more toxic effect when BaP and CHR were mixed. These will provide a solid foundation for the study of PAHs detoxification mechanism in bivalves and valuable information for marine pollution monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Benzo(a)pyrene/metabolism
- Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Burden
- Chrysenes/metabolism
- Chrysenes/toxicity
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Environmental Monitoring/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pectinidae/drug effects
- Pectinidae/genetics
- Pectinidae/metabolism
- Protein Carbonylation/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
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30
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Yao C, Foster WG, Sadeu JC, Siddique S, Zhu J, Feng YL. Screening for DNA adducts in ovarian follicles exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and cigarette smoke condensate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:742-749. [PMID: 27665503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid mass spectrometric method was applied to non-targeted screening of DNA adducts in follicular cells (granulosa cells and theca cells) from isolated ovarian follicles that were exposed in-vitro to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for 13days of culture. The method employed a constant neutral loss (CNL) scan to identify chromatographic peaks associated to a neutral loss of deoxyribose moiety of DNA nucleosides. These peaks were subsequently analyzed by a product ion scan in tandem mass spectrometry to elucidate structures of DNA adducts. The identification was further confirmed through synthesis of proposed DNA adducts where possible. Three DNA adducts, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-dG (BPDE-dG), phenanthrene 1,2-quinone-dG (PheQ-dG) and B[a]P-7,8-quinone-dG (BPQ-dG) were identified in the follicular cells from isolated ovarian follicles exposed to B[a]P. Along with these three, an additional DNA adduct, 4-aminobiphenyl-dG, was identified in the follicular cells from isolated ovarian follicles exposed to CSC. The amounts of the identified DNA adducts in follicular cells increased in a dose-dependent manner for both B[a]P (0, 1.5, 5, 15 and 45ng/mL) and CSC (0, 30, 60, 90 and 130μg/mL). The results revealed that B[a]P-related DNA adducts were the major adducts in the ovarian follicular cells exposed to CSC. The results also revealed that two oxidative biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-dG) and 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP), in both B[a]P-exposed and CSC-exposed ovarian follicles had strong correlations with the three DNA adducts, BPDE-dG, BPQ-dG and PheQ-dG. A pathway to describe formation of DNA adducts was proposed based on the DNA adducts observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean C Sadeu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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31
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El-Bayoumy K, Chen KM, Zhang SM, Sun YW, Amin S, Stoner G, Guttenplan JB. Carcinogenesis of the Oral Cavity: Environmental Causes and Potential Prevention by Black Raspberry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:126-144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department
of Pathology, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | | | | | - Gary Stoner
- Department
of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Joseph B. Guttenplan
- Department
of Basic Science, and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, United States
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32
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Manzetti S, Andersen O. Biochemical and physiological effects from exhaust emissions. A review of the relevant literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:285-293. [PMID: 27793419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust emissions are to date ranked among the most frequent causes of premature deaths worldwide. The combustion of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, and bio-blends provokes a series of pathophysiological responses in exposed subjects, which are associated with biochemical and immunological triggering. It is critical to understand these mechanisms, which are directly related to the levels of aerosol, liquid and gaseous components in fuel exhaust (e.g. nanoparticles, particulate matter, volatile compounds), so to cast attention on their toxicity and gradually minimize their use. This review reports findings in the recent literature concerning the biochemical and cellular pathways triggered during intoxication by exhaust emissions, and links these findings to pathophysiological responses such as inflammation and vasoconstriction. This study provides critical in vitro and in vivo data for the reduction of emissions in urban centers, with an emphasis on the prevention of exposure of groups such as children, the elderly, and other affected groups, and shows how the exposure to exhaust emissions induces mechanisms of pathogenesis related to cardiopulmonary pathologies and long-term diseases such as asthma, allergies, and cancer. This review summarizes the cellular and physiological responses of humans to exhaust emissions in a comprehensive fashion, and is important for legislative developments in fuel politics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Andersen
- Vestlandsforskning, Fosshaugane Campus, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
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33
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Madeen EP, Ognibene TJ, Corley RA, McQuistan TJ, Henderson MC, Baird WM, Bench G, Turteltaub KW, Williams DE. Human Microdosing with Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene and Metabolites by UPLC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1641-1650. [PMID: 27494294 PMCID: PMC5380438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a key health risk factor following exposures to pro-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), an IARC classified 2A probable human carcinogen. Human exposure to PAHs occurs primarily from the diet in nonsmokers. However, little data is available on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics in humans of high molecular weight PAHs (≥4 aromatic rings), including DBC. We previously determined the pharmacokinetics of DBC in human volunteers orally administered a microdose (29 ng; 5 nCi) of [14C]-DBC by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis of total [14C] in plasma and urine. In the current study, we utilized a novel "moving wire" interface between ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and AMS to detect and quantify parent DBC and its major metabolites. The major [14C] product identified in plasma was unmetabolized [14C]-DBC itself (Cmax = 18.5 ±15.9 fg/mL, Tmax= 2.1 ± 1.0 h), whereas the major metabolite was identified as [14C]-(+/-)-DBC-11,12-diol (Cmax= 2.5 ±1.3 fg/mL, Tmax= 1.8 h). Several minor species of [14C]-DBC metabolites were also detected for which no reference standards were available. Free and conjugated metabolites were detected in urine with [14C]-(+/-)-DBC-11,12,13,14-tetraol isomers identified as the major metabolites, 56.3% of which were conjugated (Cmax= 35.8 ± 23.0 pg/pool, Tmax = 6-12 h pool). [14C]-DBC-11,12-diol, of which 97.5% was conjugated, was also identified in urine (Cmax = 29.4 ± 11.6 pg/pool, Tmax = 6-12 h pool). Parent [14C]-DBC was not detected in urine. This is the first data set to assess metabolite profiles and associated pharmacokinetics of a carcinogenic PAH in human volunteers at an environmentally relevant dose, providing the data necessary for translation of high dose animal models to humans for translation of environmental health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Madeen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Richard A Corley
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Systems Toxicology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tammie J McQuistan
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Marilyn C Henderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - William M Baird
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Graham Bench
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ken W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - David E Williams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Differential cellular metabolite alterations in HaCaT cells caused by exposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-binding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons chrysene, benzo[ a]pyrene and dibenzo[ a,l]pyrene. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:763-773. [PMID: 28959603 PMCID: PMC5616077 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the human environment. Since they are present in crude oilfractions used for the production of rubber and plastics, consumers may come into direct dermal contacts with these compounds (e.g., via tool handles) on a daily basis. Some individual PAHs are identified as genotoxic mutagens thereby prompting particular toxicological and environmental concern. Among this group, benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) constitutes a model carcinogen which is also used as reference compound for risk assessment purposes. It acts as a strong agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and becomes metabolically activated toward mutagenic and carcinogenic intermediates by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs). While BAP has been exhaustively characterized with regard to its toxicological properties, there is much less information available for other PAHs. We treated an AHR-proficient immortal human keratinocyte cell line (i.e., HaCaT) with three selected PAHs: BAP, chrysene (CRY) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DALP). Compound-mediated alterations of endogenous metabolites were investigated by an LC–MS/MS-based targeted approach. To examine AHR-dependent changes of the measured metabolites, AHR-deficient HaCaT knockdown cells (AHR-KD) were used for comparison. Our results reveal that 24 metabolites are sufficient to separate the PAH-exposed cells from untreated controls by application of a multivariate model. Alterations in the metabolomics profiles caused by each PAH show influences on the energy and lipid metabolism of the cells indicating reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and β-oxidation. Up-regulation of sphingomyelin levels after exposure to BAP and DALP point to pro-apoptotic processes caused by these two potent PAHs. Our results suggest that in vitro metabolomics can serve as tool to develop bioassays for application in hazard assessment.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACs, acyl carnitines
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- BAP, benzo[a]pyrene
- BAs, biogenic amines
- CRY, chrysene
- DALP, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
- Keratinocytes
- LPCs, lysophosphatidylcholines
- Metabolomics
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PCs, phosphatidylcholines
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- SMs, sphingomyelines
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Martins M, Santos JM, Costa MH, Costa PM. Applying quantitative and semi-quantitative histopathology to address the interaction between sediment-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish gills. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:164-171. [PMID: 27117279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though PAHs are considered priority marine pollutants, information on the interaction effects between these compounds is scarce, furthermore under ecologically-relevant circumstances. Semi-quantitative and quantitative histological analyses were enforced on the gills of the seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), exposed to two model PAHs, single or combined, through a series of 28-day laboratory bioassays. Fish exposed to sediments contaminated with either PAH (250-800ngg(-1)), isolated or combined, exhibited most significant gill histopathological alterations after 28 days of exposure, as determined through weighted condition indices, especially in animals exposed to the potential carcinogen benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) and to mixtures of this compound with its lower, non-carcinogenic counterpart Phenanthrene (Phe). Negative correlations between interlamellar hyperplasia (the most remarkable alteration) and goblet cell counts suggest that fish exposed to sediments contaminated with B[b]F or mixed PAHs increased the thickness of epithelial cells as a response to insult, albeit compromising cell differentiation, to which is likely added impaired gas exchange and osmotic balance. In contrast, animals exposed to Phe increased the number of chloride and goblet cells relatively to control fish at early stages of exposure, suggesting then a more efficient protective mechanism. The results also showed that histopathological alterations in mixture-exposed animals do not match the expected additive effects. Overall, the findings indicate that chronic exposures to sediment-bound PAHs, under realistic scenarios, may induce lesions in gills that may imply significant hindering of basal metabolic/homeostatic pathways in marine fish whose interpretation may be hindered by complicated interaction effects and unknown factor involving, more that dose-response, time-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José M Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria H Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Unit of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Patel B, Das SK, Patri M. Neonatal Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Induces Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Causing Neurobehavioural Changes during the Early Adolescence Period in Rats. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:150-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000446276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by ingestion of contaminated food and water. Prenatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) like PAHs through the placental barrier and neonatal exposure by breast milk and the environment may affect early brain development. In the present study, single intracisternal administration of B[a]P (0.2 and 2.0 µg/kg body weight) to male Wistar rat pups at postnatal day 5 (PND5) was carried out to study its specific effect on neonatal brain development and its consequences at PND30. B[a]P administration showed a significant increase in exploratory and anxiolytic-like behaviour with elevated hippocampal lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation at PND30. Further, DNA damage was estimated in vitro (Neuro2a and C6 cell lines) by the comet assay, and oxidative DNA damage of hippocampal sections was measured in vivo following exposure to B[a]P. DNA strand breaks (single and double) significantly increased due to B[a]P at PND30 in hippocampal neurons and increased the nuclear tail moment in Neuro2a cells. Hippocampal 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine production was significantly elevated showing expression of more TUNEL-positive cells in both doses of B[a]P. Histological studies also revealed a significant reduction in mean area and perimeter of hippocampal neurons in rats treated with B[a]P 2.0 μg/kg, when compared to naïve and control rats. B[a]P significantly increased anxiolytic-like behaviour and oxidative DNA damage in the hippocampus causing apoptosis that may lead to neurodegeneration in adolescence. The findings of the present study address the potential role of B[a]P in inducing oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration in the hippocampus through oxidative DNA damage in the early adolescence period of rats.
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Cai Y, Pan L, Miao J. In vitro study of the effect of metabolism enzymes on benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage in the scallop Chlamys farreri. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:92-98. [PMID: 26851374 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on isolated scallop (Chlamys farreri) digestive gland cells was studied and a dose-dependent increase in toxicity was observed. The 8 μg/L of BaP had a significant toxic effect on isolated cells (p<0.05). In order to study the mechanism of CYP450, GST, SOD and MXR transporters involved in the production of DNA strand breakage such as DNA adduct formation and oxidative DNA damage by BaP were investigated in isolated digestive gland cells. Isolated cells were exposed in vitro to 0.8 μg/L of BaP for 24h in the dark at 25 °C in the absence or presence of cytochrome P450 inhibitor, GST inhibitor, Pgp inhibitor and antioxidant enzyme inhibitor. DNA adduct and 8-OHdG content were measured using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. The result indicated that DNA strand breakage was increased to 2 times compared with the control in the 0.8 μg/L of BaP treatment groups. The BaP-induced DNA adduct and 8-OHdG content increased significantly by inhibiting GST, while only 8-OHdG increased significantly when SOD was inhibited. The content of DNA adduct and 8-OHdG had no significant change when CYP450 was inhibited, while it decreased significantly when MXR transporters were inhibited. The result proved that GST play a key role in eliminating the BaP-induced DNA adduct and 8-OHdG, and SOD also had an important function in reducing the production of BaP-induced 8-OHdG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Fisheries College, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Fisheries College, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Fisheries College, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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38
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Moffat I, Chepelev N, Labib S, Bourdon-Lacombe J, Kuo B, Buick JK, Lemieux F, Williams A, Halappanavar S, Malik A, Luijten M, Aubrecht J, Hyduke DR, Fornace AJ, Swartz CD, Recio L, Yauk CL. Comparison of toxicogenomics and traditional approaches to inform mode of action and points of departure in human health risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:1-43. [PMID: 25605026 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.973934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicogenomics is proposed to be a useful tool in human health risk assessment. However, a systematic comparison of traditional risk assessment approaches with those applying toxicogenomics has never been done. We conducted a case study to evaluate the utility of toxicogenomics in the risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a well-studied carcinogen, for drinking water exposures. Our study was intended to compare methodologies, not to evaluate drinking water safety. We compared traditional (RA1), genomics-informed (RA2) and genomics-only (RA3) approaches. RA2 and RA3 applied toxicogenomics data from human cell cultures and mice exposed to BaP to determine if these data could provide insight into BaP's mode of action (MOA) and derive tissue-specific points of departure (POD). Our global gene expression analysis supported that BaP is genotoxic in mice and allowed the development of a detailed MOA. Toxicogenomics analysis in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells demonstrated a high degree of consistency in perturbed pathways with animal tissues. Quantitatively, the PODs for traditional and transcriptional approaches were similar (liver 1.2 vs. 1.0 mg/kg-bw/day; lungs 0.8 vs. 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day; forestomach 0.5 vs. 7.4 mg/kg-bw/day). RA3, which applied toxicogenomics in the absence of apical toxicology data, demonstrates that this approach provides useful information in data-poor situations. Overall, our study supports the use of toxicogenomics as a relatively fast and cost-effective tool for hazard identification, preliminary evaluation of potential carcinogens, and carcinogenic potency, in addition to identifying current limitations and practical questions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Moffat
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolai Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Labib
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Bourdon-Lacombe
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie K Buick
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - France Lemieux
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amal Malik
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel R Hyduke
- Biological Engineering Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carol D Swartz
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Siddens LK, Bunde KL, Harper TA, McQuistan TJ, Löhr CV, Bramer LM, Waters KM, Tilton SC, Krueger SK, Williams DE, Baird WM. Cytochrome P450 1b1 in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced skin carcinogenesis: Tumorigenicity of individual PAHs and coal-tar extract, DNA adduction and expression of select genes in the Cyp1b1 knockout mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:149-160. [PMID: 26049101 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
FVB/N mice wild-type, heterozygous or null for Cyp 1b1 were used in a two-stage skin tumor study comparing PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), and coal tar extract (CTE, SRM 1597a). Following 20 weeks of promotion with TPA the Cyp 1b1 null mice, initiated with DBC, exhibited reductions in incidence, multiplicity, and progression. None of these effects were observed with BaP or CTE. The mechanism of Cyp 1b1-dependent alteration of DBC skin carcinogenesis was further investigated by determining expression of select genes in skin from DBC-treated mice 2, 4 and 8h post-initiation. A significant reduction in levels of Cyp 1a1, Nqo1 at 8h and Akr 1c14 mRNA was observed in Cyp 1b1 null (but not wt or het) mice, whereas no impact was observed in Gst a1, Nqo 1 at 2 and 4h or Akr 1c19 at any time point. Cyp 1b1 mRNA was not elevated by DBC. The major covalent DNA adducts, dibenzo[def,p]chrysene-(±)-11,12-dihydrodiol-cis and trans-13,14-epoxide-deoxyadenosine (DBCDE-dA) were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS 8h post-initiation. Loss of Cyp1 b1 expression reduced DBCDE-dA adducts in the skin but not to a statistically significant degree. The ratio of cis- to trans-DBCDE-dA adducts was higher in the skin than other target tissues such as the spleen, lung and liver (oral dosing). These results document that Cyp 1b1 plays a significant role in bioactivation and carcinogenesis of DBC in a two-stage mouse skin tumor model and that loss of Cyp 1b1 has little impact on tumor response with BaP or CTE as initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth K Siddens
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kristi L Bunde
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tod A Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tammie J McQuistan
- Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Applied Statistics and Computational Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sharon K Krueger
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - William M Baird
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Superfund Research Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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40
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Liu T, Pan L, Jin Q, Cai Y. Differential gene expression analysis of benzo(a)pyrene toxicity in the clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:126-136. [PMID: 25686690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known for their carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) possesses the greatest carcinogenic potential among the various PAHs. In this study, digital gene expression (DGE) was performed to investigate the digestive gland transcriptome profile of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to BaP. A total of 10,508,312 and 11,414,297 clean reads were generated respectively, from control and BaP exposure DGE libraries. One hundred and forty-five differentially expressed genes were detected after comparing two libraries with 58 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated genes. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses were performed on all genes to understand their biological functions and processes. The results showed that numerous enriched differentially expressed genes are related to growth and development, antioxidant metabolism, apoptosis and detoxification metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to verify the expressed genes of DGE. Our results provide evidences that RNA-seq is a powerful tool for toxicology and capable of generating novel and valuable information at the transcriptome level for characterizing deleterious effects caused by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qian Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuefeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Martins M, Santos JM, Diniz MS, Ferreira AM, Costa MH, Costa PM. Effects of carcinogenic versus non-carcinogenic AHR-active PAHs and their mixtures: lessons from ecological relevance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:101-111. [PMID: 25704830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority environmental mutagens and carcinogens that occur in the aquatic environment as mixtures rather than the individual compounds for which guidelines are issued. The present work aimed at understanding the interaction effects between carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs in a model marine fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) in realistic scenarios. Laboratory assays under ecologically-relevant parameters were conducted for 28 days with sediments spiked with low-moderate concentrations (250-800ngg(-1)) of two model PAHs, phenanthrene (non-carcinogenic) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (carcinogenic to experimental animals). Both PAHs induced hepatic histopathological changes that indicate metabolic failure and inflammation, especially in animals exposed to mixtures. Phenanthrene elicited biochemical changes better related to oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity) and CYP function, whereas B[b]F disrupted metabolic responses and defences to toxicological challenge. Conversely, mixed PAHs yielded lesions and responses that, altogether, are compatible with the AHR dependent pathway (the basis of PAH mutagenicity), potentially generating supra-additive effects. Nonetheless, the low, ecologically-relevant, concentrations of PAHs diluted dose and time-response relations. Overall, although seemingly predicting the risk of individual PAHs, environmental guidelines may not apply to mixtures by underestimating adverse effects, which calls for a redefinition of standards when determining the true risk of toxicants under realistic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Avenida do Brasil, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José M Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO-Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana M Ferreira
- IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Avenida do Brasil, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria H Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Kamal A, Qamar K, Gulfraz M, Anwar MA, Malik RN. PAH exposure and oxidative stress indicators of human cohorts exposed to traffic pollution in Lahore city (Pakistan). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:59-67. [PMID: 24998225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from road traffic is not only a major source of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) but also a growing problem in the city of Lahore (Pakistan). In this study, we evaluated exposure to traffic-related PAHs, among subjects including traffic police officers (TPs), rickshaw drivers (RKs) shopkeepers working near main roads (SKs) and a control group (CN) for comparative analyses. We monitored the 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and its probable association with catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity as biomarkers of oxidative stress in selected cohorts from the city Lahore. Results showed that median 1-OHP concentration was significantly higher in TPs than CN (med 1.21 vs. 0.51 μmol mol-C(-1) respectively, P=0.046), followed by RKs (0.68 μmol mol-C(-1), P=0.19 vs. CN). Furthermore, GSH, GSHPx, and CAT activities were also higher in exposed subjects than CN, which indicated that they experienced oxidative stress. Similar, but less severe observations were recorded in SKs. Observation of self-reported health status showed that, on the basis of daily time spent in the middle of heavy traffic, TPs and RKs most frequently suffered from adverse head and respiratory symptoms. The study shows that increasing traffic pollution can be associated with important health risk factor not only for the workers in transport industry but also for the public. Finally, the issue of traffic pollution in Lahore city needs to be addressed on priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kamal
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Khansa Qamar
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gulfraz
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Anwar
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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43
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Jeon SH, Jin B, Kim SK, Lee HM. Conformations of adducts formed between the genotoxic benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione and 2′-deoxycytidine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2059-68. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.989407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Gao M, Li Y, Xue X, Long J, Chen L, Shah W, Kong Y. Impact of AhR, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms on TP53 R273G mutations in individuals exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2699-705. [PMID: 24761888 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to undertaken to investigate the impacts of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms on the R273G mutation in exon 8 of the tumor suppressor p53 gene (TP53) among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposed to coke-oven workers. One hundred thirteen workers exposed to PAH and 82 control workers were recruited. We genotyped for polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and TP53 R273G mutation in blood by PCR methods, and determined the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene as PAH exposure marker in urine using the high pressure liquid chromatography assay. We found that the distribution of alcohol users and the urinary excretion of 1-OHP in the exposed workers were significantly higher than that of the control workers (p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the p53 genotype distributions of smoking subjects (p=0.01, 95%CI: 1.23-6.01) and PAH exposure (p=0.008, 95%CI: 1.24-4.48), respectively. Further, significant differences were observed in the p53 exon 8 mutations for the genetic polymorphisms of Lys/Arg for AhR (p=0.02, 95%CI: 0.70-15.86), Val/Val for CYP1A1 (p=0.04, 95%CI: 0.98-19.09) and null for GSTM1 (p=0.02, 95%CI: 1.19-6.26), respectively. Our findings indicated that polymorphisms of PAH metabolic genes, such as AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms may interact with p53 genetic variants and may contribute to PAH related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Gao
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China E-mail :
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Moreau M, Ayotte P, Bouchard M. Kinetics of Diol and Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene Metabolites in Relation to DNA Adduct Formation and Gene Expression in Rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:725-746. [PMID: 26090558 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1028119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen, but there are no validated biomarkers of exposure and the relationship of carcinogenesis with early biological alterations is not fully documented. This study aimed at better documenting the toxicokinetics of diolBaP and hydroxyBaP metabolites as potential biomarkers of exposure to BaP in relation to DNA adduct formation and gene expression. Rats were intravenously (iv) injected with 40 μmol/kg BaP. BaP and several metabolites were measured in blood, tissues, and excreta collected at frequent intervals over 72 h posttreatment. BaP diol epoxide (BaPDE)-DNA adduct formation and gene expression were assessed in lungs. 3-HydroxyBaP (3-OHBaP) and 4,5-diolBaP were the most abundant measured metabolites, and differences in time courses were apparent between the two metabolites. Over the 0-72 h period, mean proportions of BaP dose recovered in urine as 3-OHBaP and 4,5-diolBaP (±SD) were 0.017 ± 0.003% and 0.1 ± 0.03%. Corresponding values in feces were 1.5 ± 0.5% and 0.42 ± 0.052%. BaPDE-DNA adducts were significantly increased in lungs and a correlation was observed with urinary 3-OHBaP and 4,5-diolBaP. Analysis of gene expression showed a modulation of expression of metabolic genes (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Nqo1, Ahr) and oxidative stress and repair genes (Nrf2, Rad51). However, BaPDE adducts formation did not exhibit any significant correlation with expression of genes, except a negative correlation with Rad51 expression. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between urinary excretion of OHBaP and diolBaP and expression of genes, except for urinary 7-OHBaP excretion, which was negatively correlated with Rad51 expression. Results indicate that concomitant measurements of diolBaP and OHBaP may serve to better assess the extent of exposure as compared to single metabolite measurements, given kinetic differences between metabolites. Further, although some urinary metabolites were correlated with BaPDE adducts, links with gene expression need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Moreau
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management and the Research Institute of Public Health of the University of Montreal (IRSPUM), University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Jin B, Han SW, Lee DJ. Behavior in Solution and Mixing Ratio-Dependent Binding Modes of Carcinogenic Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione to Calf Thymus DNA. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.10.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Human aldo-keto reductases and the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1901-17. [PMID: 25279998 PMCID: PMC4237494 DOI: 10.1021/tx500298n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are promiscuous
NAD(P)(H) dependent
oxidoreductases implicated in the metabolic activation of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These enzymes catalyze the oxidation
of non-K-region trans-dihydrodiols to the corresponding o-quinones with the concomitant production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS). The PAH o-quinones are Michael acceptors
and can form adducts but are also redox-active and enter into futile
redox cycles to amplify ROS formation. Evidence exists to support
this metabolic pathway in humans. The human recombinant AKR1A1 and
AKR1C1–AKR1C4 enzymes all catalyze the oxidation of PAH trans-dihydrodiols to PAH o-quinones. Many
human AKRs also catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of the o-quinone products to air-sensitive catechols, exacerbating
ROS formation. Moreover, this pathway of PAH activation occurs in
a panel of human lung cell lines, resulting in the production of ROS
and oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine.
Using stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,
this pathway of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism was found to contribute equally with the diol-epoxide
pathway to the activation of this human carcinogen in human lung cells.
Evaluation of the mutagenicity of anti-B[a]P-diol epoxide with B[a]P-7,8-dione on
p53 showed that the o-quinone produced by AKRs was
the more potent mutagen, provided that it was permitted to redox cycle,
and that the mutations observed were G to T transversions, reminiscent
of those observed in human lung cancer. It is concluded that there
is sufficient evidence to support the role of human AKRs in the metabolic
activation of PAH in human lung cell lines and that they may contribute
to the causation of human lung cancer.
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The role of the efflux carriers Abcg2 and Abcc2 for the hepatobiliary elimination of benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:36-41. [PMID: 25451572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporters Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Abcg2) and Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 (Abcc2) play an important role for the hepatobiliary elimination of drugs and toxins as well as their metabolites. Previous in vitro transport studies showed that both transporters are involved in the active efflux of phase II metabolites of carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (BP), however the role of these carriers in hepatobiliary elimination in vivo is still unknown. In the present study, Abcg2(-/-) and Abcc2(-/-) knockout mice were used to elucidate the role of Abcg2 and Abcc2 for the hepatobiliary excretion of BP and its metabolites. After intravenous application of [(3)H]BP the hepatobiliary excretion was significantly reduced in these mice: whereas wild type mice excreted on average 25.4% of the applied dose into the bile over 90min, Abcg2(-/-) knockout mice only excreted 10.7% and Abcc2(-/-) knockout mice 8.6%. As a consequence, [(3)H]BP concentrations were in general higher in the plasma and in most of the organs of the Abcg2 and Abcc2 knockout mice. Both transporters may have a protective function for BP-induced carcinogenesis in humans, due to its crucial importance for the hepatobiliary elimination of BP via bile. Subjects with reduced ABCG2 or ABCC2 expression might have higher oral bioavailability for BP due to a reduced excretion and so might be more susceptible to BP-induced carcinogenesis.
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Liu D, Pan L, Li Z, Cai Y, Miao J. Metabolites analysis, metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:251-259. [PMID: 25011122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed on clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) exposed to 0.03, 0.3 and 3μg/L benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 21 days. B[a]P metabolite contents, activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), epoxide hydrolase (EH), dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), sulfotransferase (SULT) and uridinediphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT) and B[a]P bioaccumulation were assayed in gills and digestive glands. Results showed that the order of B[a]P phase I metabolite contents was 9-hydroxy-B[a]P>B[a]P-1,6-dione>B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol, and the concentration of B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol sulfate conjugates was higher than that of B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol glucuronide conjugates. B[a]P accumulation and the activities of AHH, EROD, EH, DD, SULT and UGT increased first and then reached equilibrium. GST activity was induced first and then depressed. The concentration of B[a]P was far higher than that of its metabolites. Besides, there were no significant differences between enzyme activities in gills and those in digestive glands. These results provided information on B[a]P metabolic mechanism in bivalve and scientific data for pollution monitoring and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Zhen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Li X, Wei J, Xu P, Yin X, Hu D, Zhang X, Liu L, Zhang K, Zhou C, Wang T, Zhang X, He M, Wu T, Yang M, Guo H. The interaction of APEX1 variant with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on increasing chromosome damage and lung cancer risk among male Chinese. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54 Suppl 1:E103-11. [PMID: 25156607 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most significant contributors to tobacco-induced lung carcinogenesis. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a central enzyme in the removal of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites caused by DNA damaging agents. This study aimed to investigate the potential interaction of APEX1 polymorphisms and PAHs on genetic damage and lung cancer risk among male Chinese. We recruited an occupational cohort of 922 male coke oven workers and determined their DNA damage levels by calculating the lymphocytic micronucleus (MN) frequencies. Two well-studied APEX1 polymorphisms (-307A > C and Asp148Glu) and their associations with MN frequencies were examined. The impact of MN-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on lung cancer risk was further investigated in two case-control studies including 1634 male lung cancer patients and 1678 controls. It was shown that, the APEX1 148Glu allele was associated with significantly higher MN frequencies than 148Asp allele, with strongest associations among the highest PAH-exposure workers (P = 0.008). The APEX1 148Glu allele was also associated with increased lung cancer risk among male smokers, especially among heavy smokers in both case-control studies (odd ratio: 4.40, 95%CI: 3.29-5.72). In addition, APEX1 148Glu variant interacts with smoking in increasing male lung cancer risk, as measured by the attributable proportion due to interaction, which was 0.23 (95%CI: 0.06-0.39). This study showed evidence on interaction between APEX1 148Glu variant and cigarette smoking in increasing lung cancer susceptibility among male Chinese, which may be due to the synergistic effects of APEX1 148Glu and PAHs in increasing chromosome damage levels. The results provide a new insight into gene-interactions in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangqian Yin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation, Wuhan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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