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Ayaş M, Oktem-Okullu S, Özcan O, Kocagöz T, Gürol Y. Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Laboratory Mutant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38786125 PMCID: PMC11117244 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, is the most important cause of treatment failure. Although most cases of clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori are associated with point mutations in 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), the relationships of other mutations with resistance remain unclear. We examined possible new macrolide resistance mechanisms in resistant strains using next-generation sequencing. Two resistant strains were obtained from clarithromycin-susceptible H. pylori following exposure to low clarithromycin concentrations using the agar dilution method. Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were performed to detect resistance-related mutations. Both strains carried the A2142G mutation in 23S rRNA. Candidate mutations (T1495A, T1494A, T1490A, T1476A, and G1472T) for clarithromycin resistance were detected in the Mutant-1 strain. Furthermore, a novel mutation in the gene encoding for the sulfite exporter TauE/SafE family protein was considered to be linked to clarithromycin resistance or cross-resistance, being identified as a target for further investigations. In the Mutant-2 strain, a novel mutation in the gene that encodes DUF874 family protein that can be considered as relevant with antibiotic resistance was detected. These mutations were revealed in the H. pylori genome for the first time, emphasizing their potential as targets for advanced studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ayaş
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Sinem Oktem-Okullu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.O.-O.); (Y.G.)
| | - Orhan Özcan
- TrioScience Biotechnology, 34000 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Tanıl Kocagöz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.O.-O.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yeşim Gürol
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.O.-O.); (Y.G.)
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Du S. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori among children and adolescents in East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00918. [PMID: 38230488 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In East Asia, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and related diseases are common, primarily during childhood and adolescence. The rates of primary antibiotic resistance in H. pylori among East Asian children and adolescents have not been extensively explored; few relevant systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted. We evaluated the rates of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori among East Asian children and adolescents, with the goal of facilitating individualized treatment recommendations. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies in any language published up to February 2023 that explored antibiotic resistance in H. pylori among East Asian children and adolescents. We used MeSH and non-MeSH terms related to the topic, including terms related to children, adolescents, antibiotic resistance, H. pylori, and nations or regions. Additionally, we reviewed the reference lists of relevant articles. Studies that matched our strict predefined eligibility criteria were included in the screening process. Using established assessment methods, we evaluated the quality of the included studies. RESULTS We identified 15 observational studies involving 4831 H. pylori isolates, all published between 2001 and 2022. There was substantial primary antibiotic resistance in H. pylori isolates from East Asian children and adolescents. The rates of primary resistance were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40-62%) for metronidazole; 37% (95% CI: 20-53%) for clarithromycin; 19% (95% CI: 11-28%) for levofloxacin; and less than 3% each for amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone. Subgroup analysis revealed a prominent increase in metronidazole resistance over time. Clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rates fluctuated between 2005 and 2015, then remained stable; other antibiotic resistance rates were generally stable. Metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin resistance rates were significantly higher in the Chinese mainland than in other East Asian regions. The rates of dual and multiple antibiotic resistance were 28% (95% CI: 21-36%) and 10% (95% CI: 7-14%), highlighting the potential for diverse resistance patterns. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori isolates from East Asian children and adolescents exhibit high levels of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance, particularly in the Chinese mainland. The non-negligible rates of dual and multiple resistance highlight the complexity of this problem. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, No. IDCRD42023402510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Pinar IE, Mavis O. The Effect of Helicobacter pylori Density on Serum Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels in Patients With Non-atrophic Gastritis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45252. [PMID: 37842464 PMCID: PMC10576622 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is an essential cause of gastrointestinal pathologies in adults. Despite being a microorganism proven to play a role in vitamin B12 deficiency by causing gastric atrophy, Hp's role in patients with non-atrophic gastritis has not been fully explained. Our study investigated whether the presence and density of Hp is related to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in patients with non-atrophic gastritis. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed the following parameters, vitamin B12, folate, and mean red blood cell volume (MCV) in the hemogram; these were measured simultaneously in patients diagnosed with non-atrophic gastritis who had undergone gastroscopy to investigate Hp levels. Patients with conditions that could have caused vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies were excluded from the study. The study included 244 patients who met the criteria. The Sydney classification was used for histopathologic grading and staging of gastric biopsies of patients with gastritis. Results There was no relationship between the presence and density of Hp with vitamin B12 levels. However, folate levels were significantly lower in Hp-positive patients than in Hp-negative patients (p = 0.017). Folate levels were substantially lower in patients with chronic pan-mucosal gastritis than in patients with chronic inactive gastritis (p = 0.034). Statistically, a significant difference was found between folate levels on the basis of neutrophil activity and inflammation score (p = 0.011 and p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Although there was no statistically significant relationship between the presence and density of Hp and vitamin B12, our study found an association between folate levels and Hp density. This may be associated with the time for the depletion of vitamin B12 and folate stores and the relatively early stage of gastritis. In cases with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, appropriate studies should be performed for specific epidemiological reasons in respective fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E Pinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, TUR
| | - Osman Mavis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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Zhou XZ, Lyu NH, Zhu HY, Cai QC, Kong XY, Xie P, Zhou LY, Ding SZ, Li ZS, Du YQ. Large-scale, national, family-based epidemiological study on Helicobacter pylori infection in China: the time to change practice for related disease prevention. Gut 2023; 72:855-869. [PMID: 36690433 PMCID: PMC10086479 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current practice on Helicobacter pylori infection mostly focuses on individual-based care in the community, but family-based H. pylori management has recently been suggested as a better strategy for infection control. However, the family-based H. pylori infection status, risk factors and transmission pattern remain to be elucidated. METHODS From September 2021 to December 2021, 10 735 families (31 098 individuals) were enrolled from 29 of 31 provinces in mainland China to examine family-based H. pylori infection, related factors and transmission pattern. All family members were required to answer questionnaires and test for H. pylori infection. RESULTS Among all participants, the average individual-based H. pylori infection rate was 40.66%, with 43.45% for adults and 20.55% for children and adolescents. Family-based infection rates ranged from 50.27% to 85.06% among the 29 provinces, with an average rate of 71.21%. In 28.87% (3099/10 735) of enrolled families, there were no infections; the remaining 71.13% (7636/10 735) of families had 1-7 infected members, and in 19.70% (1504/7636), all members were infected. Among 7961 enrolled couples, 33.21% had no infection, but in 22.99%, both were infected. Childhood infection was significantly associated with parental infection. Independent risk factors for household infection were infected family members (eg, five infected members: OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.86 to 4.00), living in highly infected areas (eg, northwest China: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.13), and large families in a household (eg, family of three: OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.21). However, family members with higher education and income levels (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91), using serving spoons or chopsticks, more generations in a household (eg, three generations: OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92), and who were younger (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.70) had lower infection rates (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Familial H. pylori infection rate is high in general household in China. Exposure to infected family members is likely the major source of its spread. These results provide supporting evidence for the strategic changes from H. pylori individual-based treatment to family-based management, and the notion has important clinical and public health implications for infection control and related disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Cai Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Ze Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yu XC, Shao QQ, Ma J, Yu M, Zhang C, Lei L, Zhou Y, Chen WC, Zhang W, Fang XH, Zhu YZ, Wu G, Wang XM, Han SY, Sun PC, Ding SZ. Family-based Helicobacter pylori infection status and transmission pattern in central China, and its clinical implications for related disease prevention. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3706-3719. [PMID: 36161052 PMCID: PMC9372799 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has characteristics of family cluster infection; however, its family-based infection status, related factors, and transmission pattern in central China, a high-risk area for H. pylori infection and gastric cancer, have not been evaluated. We investigated family-based H. pylori infection in healthy households to understand its infection status, related factors, and patterns of transmission for related disease prevention.
AIM To investigate family-based H. pylori infection status, related factors, and patterns of transmission in healthy households for related disease prevention.
METHODS Blood samples and survey questionnaires were collected from 282 families including 772 individuals. The recruited families were from 10 selected communities in the greater Zhengzhou area with different living standards, and the family members’ general data, H. pylori infection status, related factors, and transmission pattern were analyzed. H. pylori infection was confirmed primarily by serum H. pylori antibody arrays; if patients previously underwent H. pylori eradication therapy, an additional 13C-urea breath test was performed to obtain their current infection status. Serum gastrin and pepsinogens (PGs) were also analyzed.
RESULTS Among the 772 individuals examined, H. pylori infection rate was 54.27%. These infected individuals were from 246 families, accounting for 87.23% of all 282 families examined, and 34.55% of these families were infected by the same strains. In 27.24% of infected families, all members were infected, and 68.66% of them were infected with type I strains. Among the 244 families that included both husband and wife, spouse co-infection rate was 34.84%, and in only 17.21% of these spouses, none were infected. The infection rate increased with duration of marriage, but annual household income, history of smoking, history of alcohol consumption, dining location, presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and family history of gastric disease or GC did not affect infection rates; however, individuals who had a higher education level showed lower infection rates. The levels of gastrin-17, PGI, and PGII were significantly higher, and PGI/II ratio was significantly lower in H. pylori-infected groups than in H. pylori-negative groups.
CONCLUSION In our study sample from the general public of central China, H. pylori infection rate was 54.27%, but in 87.23% of healthy households, there was at least 1 H. pylori-infected person; in 27.24% of these infected families, all members were infected. Type I H. pylori was the dominant strain in this area. Individuals with a higher education level showed significantly lower infection rates; no other variables affected infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Hui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Zeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Pei-Chun Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Song-Ze Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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Yao P, Millwood I, Kartsonaki C, Mentzer AJ, Allen N, Jeske R, Butt J, Guo Y, Chen Y, Walters R, Lv J, Yu C, Plummer M, de Martel C, Clifford G, Li LM, Waterboer T, Yang L, Chen Z. Sero-prevalence of 19 infectious pathogens and associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058353. [PMID: 35534062 PMCID: PMC9086621 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically assess the sero-prevalence and associated factors of major infectious pathogens in China, where there are high incidence rates of certain infection-related cancers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) geographically diverse areas in China. PARTICIPANTS A subcohort of 2000 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank. PRIMARY MEASURES Sero-prevalence of 19 pathogens using a custom-designed multiplex serology panel and associated factors. RESULTS Of the 19 pathogens investigated, the mean number of sero-positive pathogens was 9.4 (SD 1.7), with 24.4% of participants being sero-positive for >10 pathogens. For individual pathogens, the sero-prevalence varied, being for example, 0.05% for HIV, 6.4% for human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, 53.5% for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and 99.8% for Epstein-Barr virus . The sero-prevalence of human herpesviruses (HHV)-6, HHV-7 and HPV-16 was higher in women than men. Several pathogens showed a decreasing trend in sero-prevalence by birth cohort, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) (51.6% vs 38.7% in those born <1940 vs >1970), HPV-16 (11.4% vs 5.4%), HHV-2 (15.1% vs 8.1%), Chlamydia trachomatis (65.6% vs 28.8%) and Toxoplasma gondii (22.0% vs 9.0%). Across the 10 study areas, sero-prevalence varied twofold to fourfold for HBV (22.5% to 60.7%), HPV-16 (3.4% to 10.9%), H. pylori (16.2% to 71.1%) and C. trachomatis (32.5% to 66.5%). Participants with chronic liver diseases had >7-fold higher sero-positivity for HBV (OR=7.51; 95% CI 2.55 to 22.13). CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, previous and current infections with certain pathogens were common and varied by area, sex and birth cohort. These infections may contribute to the burden of certain cancers and other non-communicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang Yao
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Naomi Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rima Jeske
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Martyn Plummer
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gary Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Li-Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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A Link Between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Helicobacter pylori Infection. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Gastritis is a progressive disease that evolves from a non-atrophic to an atrophic state and progresses through intestinal metaplasia, even leading to gastric cancer. Gastritis is defined by an inflammatory process of the mucosal lining of the stomach.
Aim: We aimed to identify any association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive gastritis and simple inflammatory markers derived from a complete blood count such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).
Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study in which we included patients who underwent an upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy between January 2019 and December 2020 and were diagnosed with gastritis. H. pylori status was determined from the histopathological examination, and complete blood count was performed from venous blood samples. The final study group included 125 patients with H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, and the control group was made up by 207 patients without H. pylori infection.
Results: We found a higher value of the PLR in H. pylori-positive patients than in the control group, but the difference was not significant statistically.
Conclusions: PLR levels could be a predictor of inflammation in H. pylori infection, but an extensive study is needed to confirm this theory.
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Ding SZ, Du YQ, Lu H, Wang WH, Cheng H, Chen SY, Chen MH, Chen WC, Chen Y, Fang JY, Gao HJ, Guo MZ, Han Y, Hou XH, Hu FL, Jiang B, Jiang HX, Lan CH, Li JN, Li Y, Li YQ, Liu J, LI YM, Lyu B, Lu YY, Miao YL, Nie YZ, Qian JM, Sheng JQ, Tang CW, Wang F, Wang HH, Wang JB, Wang JT, Wang JP, Wang XH, Wu KC, Xia XZ, Xie WF, Xie Y, Xu JM, Yang CQ, Yang GB, Yuan Y, Zeng ZR, Zhang BY, Zhang GY, Zhang GX, Zhang JZ, Zhang ZY, Zheng PY, Zhu Y, Zuo XL, Zhou LY, Lyu NH, Yang YS, Li ZS. Chinese Consensus Report on Family-Based Helicobacter pylori Infection Control and Management (2021 Edition). Gut 2022; 71:238-253. [PMID: 34836916 PMCID: PMC8762011 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is mostly a family-based infectious disease. To facilitate its prevention and management, a national consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and propose strategies for population-wide and family-based H. pylori infection control and management to reduce the related disease burden. METHODS Fifty-seven experts from 41 major universities and institutions in 20 provinces/regions of mainland China were invited to review evidence and modify statements using Delphi process and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. The consensus level was defined as ≥80% for agreement on the proposed statements. RESULTS Experts discussed and modified the original 23 statements on family-based H. pylori infection transmission, control and management, and reached consensus on 16 statements. The final report consists of three parts: (1) H. pylori infection and transmission among family members, (2) prevention and management of H. pylori infection in children and elderly people within households, and (3) strategies for prevention and management of H. pylori infection for family members. In addition to the 'test-and-treat' and 'screen-and-treat' strategies, this consensus also introduced a novel third 'family-based H. pylori infection control and management' strategy to prevent its intrafamilial transmission and development of related diseases. CONCLUSION H. pylori is transmissible from person to person, and among family members. A family-based H. pylori prevention and eradication strategy would be a suitable approach to prevent its intra-familial transmission and related diseases. The notion and practice would be beneficial not only for Chinese residents but also valuable as a reference for other highly infected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Ze Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Qi Du
- Gastroenterology Division, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lu
- GI Division, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Diseas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-Sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Chang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Renji Hospital, Gastroenterology Division, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Lian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hui Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Ming LI
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Yong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affilliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Zhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Ming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing-Tong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qinghai University Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kai-Chun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Qing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Bin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Yong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gui-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Communicable Disease Diagnostics(DCDD), National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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β-Glucan Extracted from Highland Barley Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195812. [PMID: 34641356 PMCID: PMC8510048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which significantly affects human health, has two primary presentations: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Highland barley is the most common food crop for Tibetans and contains much more β-glucan than any other crop. Highland barley β-glucan (HBBG) can relieve the gastrointestinal dysfunction and promote intestines health. This study aimed to evaluate whether HBBG can relieve UC in mice. A mouse model of UC was established by adding 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water for 1 week. UC was alleviated after the introduction of the HBBG diet, as indicated by reductions in the disease activity index (DAI) score, histopathological damage, and the concentration of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), along with an improvement in colonic atrophy. Furthermore, we found that HBBG can increase the relative transcriptional levels of genes encoding ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and mucin2 (MUC2), thereby reducing intestinal permeability. Additionally, HBBG maintained the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and modulated the structure of the intestinal flora.
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Naik A, Misra SK. Modern Sensing Approaches for Predicting Toxicological Responses of Food- and Drug-Based Bioactives on Microbiomes of Gut Origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6396-6413. [PMID: 34081444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific findings have correlated the gut microbes with homeostasis of human health by delineating their role in pathogen resistance, bioactive metabolization, and immune responses. Foreign materials, like xenobiotics, that induce an altering effect to the human body also influence the gut microbiome to some extent and often limit their use as a result of significant side effects. Investigating the xenobiotic effect of new therapeutic material or edible could be quite painstaking and economically non-viable. Thus, the use of predictive toxicology methods can be an innovative strategy in the food, pharma, and agriculture industries. There are reported in silico, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo methods to evaluate such effects but with added drawbacks, such as lower predictability, physiological dissimilarities, and high cost of associated invasive procedures. This review highlights the current and future possibilities with newer modern sensing approaches of economic and time-scale advantages for predicting toxicological responses on gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Naik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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11
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Kraeuter AK, Phillips R, Sarnyai Z. The Gut Microbiome in Psychosis From Mice to Men: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32903683 PMCID: PMC7438757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is rapidly becoming the focus of interest as a possible factor involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia emphasizes the role of systemic components, including immune/inflammatory and metabolic processes, which are influenced by and interacting with the gut microbiome. Here we systematically review the current literature on the gut microbiome in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and in their animal models. We found that the gut microbiome is altered in psychosis compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified potential factors related to psychosis, which may contribute to the gut microbiome alterations. However, further research is needed to establish the disease-specificity and potential causal relationships between changes of the microbiome and disease pathophysiology. This can open up the possibility of. manipulating the gut microbiome for improved symptom control and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Riana Phillips
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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12
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Gastric cancer: genome damaged by bugs. Oncogene 2020; 39:3427-3442. [PMID: 32123313 PMCID: PMC7176583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of the microorganisms in gastric tumorigenesis attracts much attention in recent years. These microorganisms include bacteria, virus, and fungi. Among them, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is by far the most important risk factor for GC development, with special reference to the early-onset cases. H. pylori targets multiple cellular components by utilizing various virulence factors to modulate the host proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory response. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) serves as another major risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. The virus protein, EBER noncoding RNA, and EBV miRNAs contribute to the tumorigenesis by modulating host genome methylation and gene expression. In this review, we summarized the related reports about the colonized microorganism in the stomach and discussed their specific roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, we highlighted the therapeutic significance of eradicating the microorganisms in GC treatment.
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Parizadeh SM, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Avan A, Ghandehari M, Goldani F, Parizadeh SM. The Prognostic and Predictive Value of microRNAs in Patients with H. pylori-positive Gastric Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4639-4645. [PMID: 30636577 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190110144254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate with a poor 5-year survival. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present as part of the normal flora of stomach. It is found in the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world population. This bacterium is involved in developing H. pylori-induced GC due to the regulation of different micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA or miR). miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and are recognized as prognostic biomarkers for GC that may control gene expression. miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors, or oncogenes. In this review, we evaluated studies that investigated the ectopic expression of miRNAs in the prognosis of H. pylori positive and negative GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goldani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Colonization of Dental Unit Waterlines by Helicobacter pylori: Risk of Exposure in Dental Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162981. [PMID: 31430972 PMCID: PMC6727081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) can be considered one of the possible routes of H. pylori transmission, although its presence in DUWLs has not yet been investigated thoroughly. The present study aimed to discover the prevalence of H. pylori and oral streptococci (S. oralis and S. mutans) in DUWLs to evaluate the risk of exposure to human pathogens in dental practices. We collected the output water from 60 dental chair units (DCUs) in 26 private dentistry settings in Turin, searching for H. pylori and oral streptococci (OS) DNA, with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. At the same time, dentists completed a questionnaire about their DCUs, their main activities, the presence of anti-retraction devices, their attitudes about disinfection, etc. No dental chair unit tested was contaminated with H. pylori or S. mutans; only one dental chair was contaminated with S. oralis (1.7%). Considering the results, we can state that: (i) the lack of H. pylori DNA in water samples analyzed, suggests that municipal water is presumably treated with a sufficient chlorine level to inactivate DNA over time; (ii) the aspiration of oral fluids is limited by anti-retraction valves fitted distally to hand pieces; (iii) propidium monoazide qPCR (PMA-qPCR) could be a good technique to investigate and monitor potential environmental sources of infections such as DUWLs.
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Kobayashi S, Joshita S, Yamamoto C, Yanagisawa T, Miyazawa T, Miyazawa M, Kubota D, Sato J, Umemura T, Tanaka E. Efficacy and safety of eradication therapy for elderly patients with helicobacter pylori infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16619. [PMID: 31348311 PMCID: PMC6709141 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Although eradication therapy is widely performed for H. pylori infection, adverse events (AEs) are of particular concern in the elderly. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for elderly patients.Retrospective investigation of 1271 cases (median age: 61 years, 730 male) of H. pylori infection was performed to compare clinical indications and outcomes among the younger group (<65 years old), elderly group (65-74 years old), and super-elderly group (>75 years old).Chronic gastritis (77.0%) and gastric and/or duodenal ulcer (16.4%) were the most frequent indications for eradication therapy in the cohort. The respective eradication and AE rates for the first and second treatment regimens were 92.1% (1044 of 1133 cases) and 9.1% (103 of 1133 cases) and 84.2% (123 of 146 cases) and 8.9% (13 of 146 cases). No significant differences were detected for eradication rate or AE frequency between the super-elderly group and the other groups. Prior to therapy, the super-elderly group had significantly less frequent chronic gastritis than the other groups but more frequent gastric or duodenal ulcer and post-gastric cancer treatment (all P < .001), indicating a reluctance for clinicians to treat very old patients, possibly due to unfounded concerns of complications.Triple therapy for H. pylori eradication is effective and safe, even for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
- Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chikara Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Takumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Megumi Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Junichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokushin General Hospital, Nagano Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare, Nakano
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
- Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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16
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Reshetnyak TM, Doroshkevich IA, Seredavkina NV, Nasonov EL, Maev IV, Reshetnyak VI. The Contribution of Drugs and Helicobacter pylori to Gastric Mucosa Changes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Rheumatol 2019; 2019:9698086. [PMID: 31191660 PMCID: PMC6525898 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9698086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature and rate of gastric mucosal (GM) damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) remain to be among the unsolved problems. OBJECTIVE To define the role of H. pylori and drugs in the development of GM damages in SLE and APS. METHODS A study was conducted on 85 patients with SLE and APS. All the patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric biopsy specimens was determined using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Endoscopic examination revealed that the patients with SLE and APS on admission had the following GM changes: antral gastritis (82.4%), erosions (24.7%), hemorrhages (8.2%), and pangastritis (8.2%). SLE and APS patients showed no direct correlation between the found GM damages and the presence of H. pylori. The use of glucocorticoid, low-dose acetylsalicylic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and anticoagulant in SLE and APS patients is accompanied by GM damage. CONCLUSION There was no evidence of the role of H. pylori in GM damage in the SLE and APS patients. More frequent detection of H. pylori was observed in anticoagulants or low-dose acetylsalicylic acid users than in glucocorticoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M. Reshetnyak
- 1Department of Vascular Rheumatology, VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoe shosse, 34A, 115522, Moscow, Russia
- 2Department of Rheumatology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, 125993, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Doroshkevich
- 3Municipal Outpatient Clinic No 36, Moscow Department of Health, Novomar'inskaya str., 2, 109652, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Seredavkina
- 1Department of Vascular Rheumatology, VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoe shosse, 34A, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny L. Nasonov
- 4Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoe shosse, 34A, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Maev
- 5Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I. Reshetnyak
- 5Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Risk Factors: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in Resource-Limited Settings of Northwest Ethiopia. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2018; 2018:9463710. [PMID: 30420905 PMCID: PMC6211158 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9463710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is implicated for the causation of gastrointestinal tract infections including gastric cancer. Although the infection is prevalent globally, the impact is immense in countries with poor environmental and socioeconomic status including Ethiopia. Epidemiological study on the magnitude of H. pylori and possible risk factors has priceless implication. Therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in the resource-limited area of northwest Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on northwest Ethiopia among 201 systematically selected dyspeptic patients. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire, and stool and serum samples were collected and analyzed by SD BIOLINE H. pylori Ag and dBest H. pylori Disk tests, respectively. Chi-square test was performed to see association between variables, and binary and multinomial regression tests were performed to identify potential risk factors. P values <0.05 were taken statistically significant. Result Prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 71.1% (143/201) and 37.3% (75/201) using the dBest H. pylori Test Disk and SD BIOLINE H. pylori Ag test, respectively. H. pylori seropositivity, using dBest H. pylori Disk tests, is significantly associated in age groups <10 years (P=0.044) and married patients (P=0.016). In those patients with H. pylori (a positive result with either the Ab or Ag test), drinking water from well sources had 2.23 times risk of getting H. pylori infection (P=0.017), and drinking coffee (1.51 (0.79–2.96, P=0.025)) and chat chewing (1.78 (1.02–3.46, P=0.008) are the common risk factors. Conclusion The present study discovered considerable magnitude of H. pylori among the dyspeptic patients in the study area. H. pylori infection is frequent in individuals drinking water from well sources, and thus, poor sanitation and unhygienic water supply are contributing factors. Policies aiming at improving the socioeconomic status will reduce potential sources of infection, transmission, and ultimately the prevalence and incidence of H. pylori.
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18
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Sabbagh P, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Javanian M, Babazadeh A, Koppolu V, Vasigala VR, Nouri HR, Ebrahimpour S. Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection: ideals, options, and limitations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:55-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Rowland M, Clyne M, Daly L, O'Connor H, Bourke B, Bury G, O'Dowd T, Connolly L, Ryan J, Shovlin S, Dolan B, Drumm B. Long-term follow-up of the incidence of Helicobacter pylori. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:980-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Yeganeh M, Paritsky M, On A, Azrad M, Roshrosh H, Moalem R, Peretz A. Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Among Adult Arab and Jewish Populations in Northern Israel. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:103-107. [PMID: 30129819 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Following reports from various doctors regarding increased treatment failure in Helicobacter pylori infection among the Arab population, we decided to make a prospective comparison between the resistance rates of H. pylori in the Arab and Jewish populations in northern Israel. RESULTS Among the Arab population, higher resistance rates were found for clarithromycin and levofloxacin (LEV), as well as a higher rate of multidrug resistance. Rifampin and LEV were found to have higher resistance rates in the village, whereas LEV had a higher resistance rate among women. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori in the Arab population compared with the Jewish population in northern Israel is more resistant to treatment. We assume that these results are caused by overexposure combined with unwise use of antibiotics. A correlation was also found between the type of residence and resistance rates to various antibiotics. Further research is needed to determine the resistance mechanism that may explain these results. Due to the high resistance rate and treatment failure, it is appropriate to consider replacing the standard treatment of H. pylori in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Yeganeh
- 1 The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Safed, Israel
| | - Maya Paritsky
- 1 The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Safed, Israel .,2 Gastrointestinal Unit, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Galilee, Israel
| | - Avi On
- 1 The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Safed, Israel .,3 Pediatric Gastrointestinal Unit, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Galilee, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- 4 Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center , Poriya, Israel
| | - Halim Roshrosh
- 4 Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center , Poriya, Israel
| | - Rawia Moalem
- 1 The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Safed, Israel .,5 Gastrointestinal Unit, Holy Family Hospital , Nazareth, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- 1 The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Safed, Israel .,4 Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center , Poriya, Israel
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21
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Agbor NE, Esemu SN, Ndip LM, Tanih NF, Smith SI, Ndip RN. Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastritis in West Cameroon: prevalence and risk factors for infection. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:559. [PMID: 30075801 PMCID: PMC6076410 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that parasitizes the gastric mucous layer and the epithelial lining of the stomach causing duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers and cardiovascular disease amongst others. This study aimed at establishing the epidemiologic profile of H. pylori infection in gastritis patients presenting at the Melong District Hospital. Results Blood, stool and epidemiological data collected from 500 patients were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori antibody in serum, antigen in stool and elucidation of risk factors captured in questionnaires. Of 500 blood samples, 217 (43.4%) were seropositive with male and female seroprevalences of 45.5% (61/134) and 42.6% (156/366) respectively. Similarly, 47.4% (237/500) samples tested positive for stool antigen with prevalences of 47.0% (63/134) for males and 47.5% (174/366) for females. The antigen prevalence was higher (53.2%; 118/222) in older patients (> 50 years) than in younger patients (42.8%; 119/278; P = 0.021). The antigen test had a higher (47.4%) prevalence than the antibody test (43.4%). Educational level, source of income, source of drinking water, age of patients, and alcohol consumption had positive associations with H. pylori infection. These results have clinical and epidemiological significance and call for intervention to mitigate the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Agbor
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine N Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon. .,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Lucy M Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Roland N Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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22
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Force of infection of Helicobacter pylori in Mexico: evidence from a national survey using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:961-969. [PMID: 29656725 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present in the stomach of half of the world's population. The force of infection describes the rate at which susceptibles acquire infection. In this article, we estimated the age-specific force of infection of H. pylori in Mexico. Data came from a national H. pylori seroepidemiology survey collected in Mexico in 1987-88. We modelled the number of individuals with H. pylori at a given age as a binomial random variable. We assumed that the cumulative risk of infection by a given age follows a modified exponential catalytic model, allowing some fraction of the population to remain uninfected. The cumulative risk of infection was modelled for each state in Mexico and were shrunk towards the overall national cumulative risk curve using Bayesian hierarchical models. The proportion of the population that can be infected (i.e. susceptible population) is 85.9% (95% credible interval (CR) 84.3%-87.5%). The constant rate of infection per year of age among the susceptible population is 0.092 (95% CR 0.084-0.100). The estimated force of infection was highest at birth 0.079 (95% CR 0.071-0.087) decreasing to zero as age increases. This Bayesian hierarchical model allows stable estimation of state-specific force of infection by pooling information between the states, resulting in more realistic estimates.
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23
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Cvetkovska K, Bauer B. Ethnopharmacological and toxicological review of Cydonia oblonga M. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2018. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2018.64.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga M. is a medicinal plant of family Rosaceae which is used to prevent or treat several ailments such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcer, respiratory, and urinary infections, etc. Cydonia oblonga commonly known as quince is rich in useful secondary metabolites such as phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, organic acids, and glycosides. It shows a wide range of pharmacological effects like antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, etc. The polysaccharide mucus, glucuronoxylane located in the seeds of the quince, is used in the dermatology, for the production of wound patches.
The aim of this paper focuses on detailed research on the value of phytochemicals, as pharmacological and attributes of phytomedicine herbs.
Keywords: Cydonia oblonga, phytomedicine, pharmacological attributes, folk medicinal uses, quince
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cvetkovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Biljana Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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24
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Dolan B, Burkitt-Gray L, Shovelin S, Bourke B, Drumm B, Rowland M, Clyne M. The use of stool specimens reveals Helicobacter pylori strain diversity in a cohort of adolescents and their family members in a developed country. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:247-255. [PMID: 29153619 PMCID: PMC5864523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection occurs within families but the transmission route is unknown. The use of stool specimens to genotype strains facilitates inclusion of complete families in transmission studies. Therefore, we aimed to use DNA from stools to analyze strain diversity in H. pylori infected families. We genotyped H. pylori strains using specific biprobe qPCR analysis of glmM, recA and hspA. Concentration of H. pylori organisms before DNA isolation enhanced subsequent DNA amplification. We isolated H. pylori DNA from 50 individuals in 13 families. Tm data for at least 2 of the 3 genes and sequencing of the glmM amplicon were analyzed. Similar strains were commonly found in both mothers and children and in siblings. However, 20/50 (40%) individuals had multiple strains and several individuals harbored strains not found in other family members, suggesting that even in developed countries sources of infection outside of the immediate family may exist. Whether infection occurs multiple times or one transmission event with several strains occurs is not known but future studies should aim to analyze strains from children much closer to infection onset. The presence of multiple stains in infected persons has implications for antibiotic sensitivity testing and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Dolan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lucy Burkitt-Gray
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Billy Bourke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; The National Childrens Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Drumm
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marion Rowland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Reshetnyak VI, Reshetnyak TM. Significance of dormant forms of Helicobacter pylori in ulcerogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4867-4878. [PMID: 28785141 PMCID: PMC5526757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ulcer disease in a certain state of the macroorganism. It is well established that H. pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Decontamination of the gastric mucosa with various antibiotics leads to H. pylori elimination and longer remission in this disease. However, the reasons for repeated detection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD after its successful eradication remain unclear. The reason for the redetection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD can be either reinfection or ineffective anti-Helicobacter therapy. The administration of antibacterial drugs can lead not only to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms, but also contribute to the conversion of H. pylori into the resting (dormant) state. The dormant forms of H. pylori have been shown to play a potential role in the development of relapses of PUD. The paper discusses morphological H. pylori forms, such as S-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped, and coccoid ones. The authors proposes the classification of H. pylori according to its morphological forms and viability.
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26
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Sandoval-Motta S, Aldana M, Martínez-Romero E, Frank A. The Human Microbiome and the Missing Heritability Problem. Front Genet 2017; 8:80. [PMID: 28659968 PMCID: PMC5468393 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "missing heritability" problem states that genetic variants in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) cannot completely explain the heritability of complex traits. Traditionally, the heritability of a phenotype is measured through familial studies using twins, siblings and other close relatives, making assumptions on the genetic similarities between them. When this heritability is compared to the one obtained through GWAS for the same traits, a substantial gap between both measurements arise with genome wide studies reporting significantly smaller values. Several mechanisms for this "missing heritability" have been proposed, such as epigenetics, epistasis, and sequencing depth. However, none of them are able to fully account for this gap in heritability. In this paper we provide evidence that suggests that in order for the phenotypic heritability of human traits to be broadly understood and accounted for, the compositional and functional diversity of the human microbiome must be taken into account. This hypothesis is based on several observations: (A) The composition of the human microbiome is associated with many important traits, including obesity, cancer, and neurological disorders. (B) Our microbiome encodes a second genome with nearly a 100 times more genes than the human genome, and this second genome may act as a rich source of genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity. (C) Human genotypes interact with the composition and structure of our microbiome, but cannot by themselves explain microbial variation. (D) Microbial genetic composition can be strongly influenced by the host's behavior, its environment or by vertical and horizontal transmissions from other hosts. Therefore, genetic similarities assumed in familial studies may cause overestimations of heritability values. We also propose a method that allows the compositional and functional diversity of our microbiome to be incorporated to genome wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Sandoval-Motta
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Maximino Aldana
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelos, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Frank
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico.,Member of El Colegio NacionalMexico City, Mexico
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27
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Targeted Metagenome Based Analyses Show Gut Microbial Diversity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:307-315. [PMID: 28904415 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease including both genetic and environmental factors. We compared the diversity of intestinal microbesamong a cohort of IBD patients to study the microbial ecological effects on IBD. Fecal samples from patients were sequenced with next generation sequence technology at 16S rDNA region. With statistical tools, microbial community was investigated at different level. The gut microbial diversity of Crohn's disease (CD) patients and colonic polyp (CP) patients significantly different from each other. However, the character of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients has of both CD and CP features. The microbial community from IBD patients can be very different (CD patient) or somewhat similar (UC patients) to non-IBD patients. Microbial diversity can be an important etiological factor for IBD clinical phenotype.
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28
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Farah R, Hamza H, Khamisy-Farah R. A link between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28374931 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis affects two-thirds of the world's population and is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders of humans, the infection clearly results in chronic mucosal inflammation in the stomach and duodenum, which, in turn, might lead to abnormalities in gastroduodenal motility and sensitivity and is the most frequent cause of dyspepsia and peptic disease. Some studies showed that there was a correlation between low-grade inflammation as CRP and HP infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of HP infection and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). METHOD A total of 200 patients who met the HP criteria and 180 age- and gender-matched control subjects were included in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were diagnosed to have HP according stomach biopsy and urea breath test, PLR was calculated from complete blood count at time of diagnosis and before initiating the treatment. RESULTS Patients with HP infection had significantly higher PLR compared to those without HP. Moreover, the patients with symptomatic HP had higher PLR than those with asymptomatic HP. While PLR increased as the severity of HP symptoms increased (r=.452, P<.001). CONCLUSION Our study indicated, for the first time, a significant association between HP infection and symptoms based on PLR, a simple and reliable indicator of inflammation. Furthermore, there an increase in PLR as the severity of HP increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hamza Hamza
- Nephrology Unit, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
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29
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Ashraf MU, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. Cydonia oblonga M., A Medicinal Plant Rich in Phytonutrients for Pharmaceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:163. [PMID: 27445806 PMCID: PMC4914572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga M. is a medicinal plant of family Rosaceae which is used to prevent or treat several ailments such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcer, respiratory, and urinary infections, etc. Cydonia oblonga commonly known as Quince is rich in useful secondary metabolites such as phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, sugars, organic acids, and glycosides. A wide range of pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, and hypoglycemic have been ascribed to various parts of C. oblonga. The polysaccharide mucilage, glucuronoxylan extruded from seeds of C. oblonga is used in dermal patches to heal wounds. This review focuses on detailed investigations of high-valued phytochemicals as well as pharmacological and phytomedicinal attributes of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed N. A. Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Jamkhande PG, Gattani SG, Farhat SA. Helicobacter pylori and cardiovascular complications: a mechanism based review on role of Helicobacter pylori in cardiovascular diseases. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:244-249. [PMID: 28462125 PMCID: PMC5390428 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease comprises a wide class of cardiovascular abnormalities, including ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. It is the leading cause of death all over the world. Several traditional and novel risk factors, such as infectious and noninfectious agents, have been associated with heart disease. Out of these, Helicobacter pylori has been recently introduced as an important etiological factor for heart disease. Numerous seroepidemiological findings observed H. pylori antibodies in the blood of a patient with cardiovascular complications. The bacteria survive in the epithelial cells of gastric organs and cause digestive complications. Excess inflammatory pathogenesis and prognosis stimulate an immune response that further causes significant disturbances in various factors like cytokines, fibrinogen, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock protein, and white blood cell count, and provoke a number of problems such as atherosclerosis and prothrombic state, and cross-reactivity which eventually leads to heart diseases. H. pylori releases toxigenic nutrients, chiefly vacuolating cytotoxin gen A (Vac A) and cytotoxin associated gene A (Cag A), of which Cag A is more virulent and involved in the formation of cholesterol patches in arteries, induction of autoimmune disorder, and release of immune mediated response. Although numerous mechanisms have been correlated with H. pylori and heart disease, the exact role of bacteria is still ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad G Jamkhande
- School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surendra G Gattani
- School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shaikh Ayesha Farhat
- School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Maharashtra, India
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31
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Lin SJ, Gagnon-Bartsch JA, Tan IB, Earle S, Ruff L, Pettinger K, Ylstra B, van Grieken N, Rha SY, Chung HC, Lee JS, Cheong JH, Noh SH, Aoyama T, Miyagi Y, Tsuburaya A, Yoshikawa T, Ajani JA, Boussioutas A, Yeoh KG, Yong WP, So J, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim S, Kameda Y, Arai T, zur Hausen A, Speed TP, Grabsch HI, Tan P. Signatures of tumour immunity distinguish Asian and non-Asian gastric adenocarcinomas. Gut 2015; 64:1721-31. [PMID: 25385008 PMCID: PMC4680172 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in gastric cancer (GC) clinical outcomes between patients in Asian and non-Asian countries has been historically attributed to variability in clinical management. However, recent international Phase III trials suggest that even with standardised treatments, GC outcomes differ by geography. Here, we investigated gene expression differences between Asian and non-Asian GCs, and if these molecular differences might influence clinical outcome. DESIGN We compared gene expression profiles of 1016 GCs from six Asian and three non-Asian GC cohorts, using a two-stage meta-analysis design and a novel biostatistical method (RUV-4) to adjust for technical variation between cohorts. We further validated our findings by computerised immunohistochemical analysis on two independent tissue microarray (TMA) cohorts from Asian and non-Asian localities (n=665). RESULTS Gene signatures differentially expressed between Asians and non-Asian GCs were related to immune function and inflammation. Non-Asian GCs were significantly enriched in signatures related to T-cell biology, including CTLA-4 signalling. Similarly, in the TMA cohorts, non-Asian GCs showed significantly higher expression of T-cell markers (CD3, CD45R0, CD8) and lower expression of the immunosuppressive T-regulatory cell marker FOXP3 compared to Asian GCs (p<0.05). Inflammatory cell markers CD66b and CD68 also exhibited significant cohort differences (p<0.05). Exploratory analyses revealed a significant relationship between tumour immunity factors, geographic locality-specific prognosis, and postchemotherapy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of >1600 GCs suggest that Asian and non-Asian GCs exhibit distinct tumour immunity signatures related to T-cell function. These differences may influence geographical differences in clinical outcome, and the design of future trials particularly in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling J Lin
- Department of Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophie Earle
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Ruff
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katherine Pettinger
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jae Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuburaya
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Cancer Genomics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoichi Kameda
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Terence P Speed
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA,Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Victoria, Australia,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Tan
- Department of Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Hamad GM, Taha TH, El-Deeb NM, Alshehri AMA. Advanced trends in controlling Helicobacter pylori infections using functional and therapeutically supplements in baby milk. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:8156-63. [PMID: 26604389 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen infecting about 30 % of children and 60 % of adults worldwide. It is responsible for diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. H. pylori treatment based on antibiotics with proton pump inhibitor, but therapy failure is shown to be higher than 20 % and is essentially due to an increasing in prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has led to the search for alternative therapies. In this study, we discuss the usage of natural extracts mixture as alternative or complementary agents in controlling H. pylori infection so here, we focused on the plant extracts of (Cloves, Pepper, Cumin, Sage, Pomegranate peel, Ginger, Myrrh and Licorice). To that end, Phytochemical constituents detection like Tannins, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Phenolic compounds, Reducing sugars, Volatile oils, Amino acids and Proteins was demonstrated. Each plant extract was examined individually or in combination for its antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. Out of the used extracts, four mixes were prepared and tested against H. pylori. The antibacterial activities of the four mixes, represented by the diameter of inhibition clear zone, recorded 21, 39, 23 and 28 mm. The most potent mix (mix2) was chosen and mixed with baby milk as a new combination for H. pylori infections treatment in babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M Hamad
- Food Technology Department, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA- CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Tarek H Taha
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA- CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Bio Pharmaceutical Product Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA- CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Ali M A Alshehri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004 Saudi Arabia
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Worldwide Population Structure, Long-Term Demography, and Local Adaptation of Helicobacter pylori. Genetics 2015; 200:947-63. [PMID: 25995212 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.176404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen associated with serious gastric diseases. Owing to its medical importance and close relationship with its human host, understanding genomic patterns of global and local adaptation in H. pylori may be of particular significance for both clinical and evolutionary studies. Here we present the first such whole genome analysis of 60 globally distributed strains, from which we inferred worldwide population structure and demographic history and shed light on interesting global and local events of positive selection, with particular emphasis on the evolution of San-associated lineages. Our results indicate a more ancient origin for the association of humans and H. pylori than previously thought. We identify several important perspectives for future clinical research on candidate selected regions that include both previously characterized genes (e.g., transcription elongation factor NusA and tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing protein Tipα) and hitherto unknown functional genes.
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Identifying strains that contribute to complex diseases through the study of microbial inheritance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:633-40. [PMID: 25576328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418781112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 35 y since Carl Woese reported in PNAS how sequencing ribosomal RNA genes could be used to distinguish the three domains of life on Earth. During the past decade, 16S rDNA sequencing has enabled the now frequent enumeration of bacterial communities that populate the bodies of humans representing different ages, cultural traditions, and health states. A challenge going forward is to quantify the contributions of community members to wellness, disease risk, and disease pathogenesis. Here, we explore a theoretical framework for studies of the inheritance of bacterial strains and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various study designs for assessing the contribution of strains to complex diseases.
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Ding YJ, Yan TL, Hu XL, Liu JH, Yu CH, Li YM, Wang QY. Association of Salivary Helicobacter pylori Infection with Oral Diseases: a Cross-sectional Study in a Chinese Population. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:742-7. [PMID: 26392812 PMCID: PMC4571552 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of oral H.pylori among adults and to investigate the correlation between H.pylori infection and common oral diseases. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed among adults Chinese who took their annual oral healthy examination at The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. RESULTS The study included 1050 subjects in total and oral H.pylori infection occurred in 60.29% of the subjects. The prevalence rates of oral H.pylori in patients with periodontal diseases (63.42%) and caries (66.91%) were significantly increased than those without oral diseases (54.07%), respectively (P < 0.05), while the difference between subjects with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and controls was not significant. In addition, the differences of positive rates of H.pylori with or without history of gastric ulcer were statistically significant (69.47% vs 58.26%, P<0.05). Presenting with periodontal diseases (OR 1.473;95% CI 1.021 to 2.124), caries (OR 1.717; 1.127 to 2.618), and having history of gastric ulcer (OR 1.631; 1.164 to 2.285) increased the risk of H.pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Oral H.pylori infection is common in adult Chinese, which is significantly associated with oral diseases including periodontal diseases and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jian Ding
- 1. Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tian-Lian Yan
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin-Lan Hu
- 3. Department of Stomatology, Red Corss Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- 1. Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao-Hui Yu
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - You-Ming Li
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wang
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Yucel O. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10348-10354. [PMID: 25132751 PMCID: PMC4130842 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common infections worldwide. Although infection rates are falling in the developed and developing countries, H. pylori is still widespread in the world. This article has reviewed the important publications on H. pylori in childhood with a focus on its evolving transmission route and the source of infection and preventive strategies in childhood, PubMed was searched up to identify eligible studies. Relevant publications were searched using the following.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in humans. Its prevalence in Omani adults and children is not known. OBJECTIVE To report histology-based H. pylori infection prevalence in Omani children. METHODS A retrospective study of biopsy proven H. pylori infection in children over a 3 year period in a single center. Age, gender, indication for endoscopy, history of recurrent abdominal pain, and anemia were compared between H. pylori-positive and negative children. RESULTS Of 143 patients who underwent endoscopy, gastric biopsies were available on 112. The overall prevalence of biopsy proven H. pylori infection was 25%. The prevalence in children with recurrent abdominal pain was 30% compared to 22% in children who underwent endoscopy for other indications (p = .382). The prevalence increased from 7% in children aged <5 years, to 33% in those aged between 5 and 10 years (p = .010). There was no significant difference in the prevalence between the 5-10 years age group (33%) and older age group (29%) (p = .814). There was no significant difference in gender or anemia between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first reported study on the prevalence of biopsy proven H. pylori infection in Omani children. H. pylori infection prevalence is 25%, is lower than regional and many Arab countries. The prevalence appears to increase till age of 5 years. There was no significant association between H. pylori and recurrent abdominal pain, gender, or anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Al-Sinani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Oluwasola A. Genetic determinants and clinico-pathological outcomes of helicobacter pylori infection. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2014; 12:22-30. [PMID: 25332697 PMCID: PMC4201930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium with a relatively small genome and is known to be the most common human bacterial infection worldwide, infecting about half of the world's population. The bacterium represents one of the most successful human pathogens, inducing severe clinical symptoms only in a small subset of individuals, thus signifying a highly balanced degree of co-evolution of H. pylori and humans. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies greatly among countries and among population groups within the same country, but is falling in most developed countries. The clinical course of H. pylori infection is highly variable and is influenced by both microbial and host factors including genetic susceptibility while the pattern and distribution of inflammation correlate strongly with the risk of clinical sequelae, namely duodenal or gastric ulcers, mucosal atrophy, gastric carcinoma, or gastric lymphoma. Cytokine gene polymorphisms directly influence inter-individual variation in the magnitude of cytokine response, and this clearly contributes to an individual's ultimate clinical outcome. Polymorphisms in genes coding for innate immune factors have also been incriminated in the pathogenesis of H. pylori related disease, while promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is considered an important factor in carcinogenesis and known to be present in H. pylori associated gastric tumors. Functional genomics may fill many of the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and accelerate the development of novel therapies, including H. pylori specific antimicrobial agents.
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Lee SC, Tang MS, Lim YAL, Choy SH, Kurtz ZD, Cox LM, Gundra UM, Cho I, Bonneau R, Blaser MJ, Chua KH, Loke P. Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2880. [PMID: 24851867 PMCID: PMC4031128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths colonize more than 1.5 billion people worldwide, yet little is known about how they interact with bacterial communities in the gut microbiota. Differences in the gut microbiota between individuals living in developed and developing countries may be partly due to the presence of helminths, since they predominantly infect individuals from developing countries, such as the indigenous communities in Malaysia we examine in this work. We compared the composition and diversity of bacterial communities from the fecal microbiota of 51 people from two villages in Malaysia, of which 36 (70.6%) were infected by helminths. The 16S rRNA V4 region was sequenced at an average of nineteen thousand sequences per samples. Helminth-colonized individuals had greater species richness and number of observed OTUs with enrichment of Paraprevotellaceae, especially with Trichuris infection. We developed a new approach of combining centered log-ratio (clr) transformation for OTU relative abundances with sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) to enable more robust predictions of OTU interrelationships. These results suggest that helminths may have an impact on the diversity, bacterial community structure and function of the gut microbiota. Soil-transmitted helminths are carried by large numbers of people in developing countries. These parasites live in the gut and may interact with bacterial communities in the gut, also called the gut microbiota. To determine whether there are alterations to the gut microbiota that are associated with helminth infections, we examined the types of bacteria present in fecal samples from rural Malaysians, many of whom are helminth-positive and find it likely that helminth colonization alters the gut microbiota for rural Malaysians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ching Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei San Tang
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (YALL); (PL)
| | - Seow Huey Choy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zachary D. Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Cox
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma Mahesh Gundra
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilseung Cho
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YALL); (PL)
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Parreira P, Fátima Duarte M, Reis CA, Martins MCL. Helicobacter pylori infection: A brief overview on alternative natural treatments to conventional therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:94-105. [PMID: 24606042 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.892055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen considered as the etiologic agent of several gastric disorders, that may range from chronic gastritis to more severe outcomes, including gastric cancer. The current therapeutic scheme relies on the combination of several pharmacological substances, namely antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, the cure rates obtained have been declining over the years, mostly due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In this context, the use of non-antibiotic substances is of the utmost importance regarding H. pylori eradication. In this review, we present different classes of compounds obtained from natural sources that have shown to present anti-H. pylori potential; we briefly highlight their possible use in the context of developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Parreira
- a Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo , Rua Pedro Soares, Beja , Portugal
| | - M Fátima Duarte
- a Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo , Rua Pedro Soares, Beja , Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- b Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,c Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,d Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal , and
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- d Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.,e Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Farah R, Khamisy-Farah R. Association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with presence and severity of gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:219-23. [PMID: 24478129 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori (HP) clearly results in chronic mucosal inflammation in the stomach and duodenum, which, in turn, might lead to abnormalities in gastroduodenal motility and sensitivity and is the most frequent cause of dyspepsia and peptic disease. Some studies have shown that there was a correlation between low-grade inflammation as C-reactive protein (CRP) and HP infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of gastritis due to HP infection and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple and reliable indicator of inflammation. DESIGN Fifty patients met the HP criteria and half of them have had severe symptoms and upper endoscopy showed atrophic gastritis, and fifty age- and sex-matched control subjects with gastritis without HP infection were included in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were diagnosed to have HP according to the use of urea breath testing (UBT) and multiple biopsies. NLR was calculated from complete blood count at the time of diagnosis and before initiating the treatment to all groups. RESULTS Patients with HP infection had significantly higher NLR compared to those without HP. Moreover, the patients with symptomatic HP and grade 4 gastritis had higher NLR than those asymptomatic with past history of peptic disease (P 0.007 and P 0.068, respectively). Although NLR increased as the severity of gastritis and HP symptoms increased (r = 0.564, P < 0.001), Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis was performed. The cut-off level for NLR with optimal sensitivity and specificity was calculated as 1.82 (area under curve [AUC] = 0.825 [0.753-0.884], P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study indicated, for the first time, a significant correlation between HP infection and inflammation on the basis of NLR, a simple and reliable indicator of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an increase in NLR as the severity of gastritis with HP increases. This elevated ratio gets normalized with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Daoud Z, Sura M, Abdel-Massih RM. Pectin shows antibacterial activity against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.42a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Porras C, Nodora J, Sexton R, Ferreccio C, Jimenez S, Dominguez RL, Cook P, Anderson G, Morgan DR, Baker LH, Greenberg ER, Herrero R. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in six Latin American countries (SWOG Trial S0701). Cancer Causes Control 2012; 24:209-15. [PMID: 23263777 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection between adults 21-65 years old. METHODS Data are from the initial screening visit of a randomized clinical trial of three antibiotic regimens to eradicate H. pylori, conducted in seven sites (Santiago-Chile, Túquerres-Colombia, Guanacaste-Costa Rica, Copán-Honduras, Obregón and Tapachula-México, León-Nicaragua). Thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine adults from the general population were screened for H. pylori infection using an urea breath test (UBT) and were interviewed to assess socioeconomic-, demographic-, and symptom-related characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between these characteristics and H. pylori positivity at enrollment. RESULTS Among the 1,852 eligible participants for whom a conclusive UBT result was obtained, H. pylori prevalence was 79.4 %, ranging from 70.1 to 84.7 % among the seven centers. Prevalence did not differ by sex (female: 78.4, male: 80.9; p = 0.20) or age (p = 0.08). H. pylori positivity increased with increasing number of siblings (p trend <0.0001). Participants with education beyond 12 years were less likely to be UBT-positive (OR 0.4: 0.3-0.6, compared to participants with 0-6 years of schooling) as were those employed outside the home (OR 0.7: 0.6-1.0). Odds of H. pylori infection increased with the presence of certain living conditions during childhood including having lived in a household with an earth floor (OR 1.8: 1.4-2.4), lack of indoor plumbing (OR 1.3: 1.0-1.8) and crowding (OR 1.4: 1.0-1.8, for having more than two persons per bedroom). Regarding current household conditions, living with more than 3 children in the household (OR 1.7: 1.2-2.5) and crowding (OR 1.8: 1.3-2.3) were associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori in adults was high and differed significantly among the six Latin American countries studied (p < 0.001). Our findings confirm the strong link between poor socioeconomic conditions and H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Porras
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Torre La Sabana, 300 mts. Oeste del ICE, planta baja frente al Lobby, Sabana Norte, San Jose, Costa Rica.
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Natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in Mexican schoolchildren: incidence and spontaneous clearance. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 55:209-16. [PMID: 22227999 PMCID: PMC3697926 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318248877f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence and spontaneous clearance rate of Helicobacter pylori infection and the effect of some variables on these outcomes in schoolchildren. METHODS From May 2005 to December 2010, 718 schoolchildren enrolled in 3 public boarding schools in Mexico City participated in the follow-up. At the beginning of the study and every 6 months thereafter, breath samples were taken to detect H pylori infection; blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken to evaluate nutritional status. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected. RESULTS The prevalence of H pylori infection was 38%. The incidence rate was 6.36%/year. Schoolchildren with anemia or iron deficiency at the beginning of the study (who received iron supplements) showed a higher infection acquisition rate than those with normal iron nutritional status, hazard ratio (HR) 12.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.01%-39.12%), P < 0.001 and HR 2.05 (95% CI 1.09%-3.87%), P = 0.027, respectively. The spontaneous clearance rate of the infection was 4.74%/year. The spontaneous clearance rate was higher in children who had iron deficiency (who received iron supplements), HR 5.02 (95% CI 1.33%-18.99%), P = 0.017, compared with those with normal nutritional iron status. It was lower in schoolchildren with ≥ 2 siblings compared with schoolchildren with 1 or no siblings, HR 0.23 (95% CI 0.08%-0.63%), P = 0.004. CONCLUSIONS H pylori infection status is dynamic in schoolchildren. Variables related to health status and infection transmission, such as iron status and number of siblings, are important for the incidence and spontaneous clearance of H pylori infection.
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Moya DA, Crissinger KD. Helicobacter pylori persistence in children: distinguishing inadequate treatment, resistant organisms, and reinfection. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012; 14:236-242. [PMID: 22350943 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-012-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a worldwide infection that causes chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and malignancy. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori within a family appears to be the predominant mode of contamination. Recurrence of the infection is frequently seen following treatment. Lack of eradication due to either inadequate treatment or resistant bacteria vs. reinfection have been explanations for detection of H. pylori following treatment. In this article we will discuss the concepts of inadequate treatment vs. resistant infection and reinfection as causes of persistent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Moya
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellow at the Digestive Disease and Nutrition Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
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Clemente JC, Ursell LK, Parfrey LW, Knight R. The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view. Cell 2012; 148:1258-70. [PMID: 22424233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2336] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human gut harbors diverse microbes that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. The constituents of the microbiota--bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes--have been shown to interact with one another and with the host immune system in ways that influence the development of disease. We review these interactions and suggest that a holistic approach to studying the microbiota that goes beyond characterization of community composition and encompasses dynamic interactions between all components of the microbiota and host tissue over time will be crucial for building predictive models for diagnosis and treatment of diseases linked to imbalances in our microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Clemente
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Weck MN, Brenner H. Apparent incidence of Helicobacter pylori in adulthood: to what extent do new infections reflect misclassification? Helicobacter 2011; 16:266-75. [PMID: 21762265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is a key risk factor for a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. About half of the world population is infected. Most infections are acquired early in childhood, but the occurrence of new infections among adults has also been suggested. METHODS We review epidemiological studies providing estimates of incidence of H. pylori infection among adults and evaluate to what extent incidence estimates might have been affected by measurement error of infection status. RESULTS Thirty-two studies could be included in the review. Annual incidence was lower than 1.0 % in 17 studies; no correlation between length of follow-up and cumulative incidence was observed. Apparent cumulative incidences of the magnitudes observed in most studies would be expected, because of less than perfect sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests, even in the absence of any true new infections. CONCLUSION/IMPACT: Apparent incidence rates of H. pylori infection among adults in Western populations should be interpreted with utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie N Weck
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Al Furaikh SS. Remission of high-grade B-cell lymphoma in a pediatric patient following Helicobacter pylori eradication. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:105-7. [PMID: 21342336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fialho AMN, Braga ABC, Braga Neto MB, Carneiro JG, Rocha AMC, Rodrigues MN, Queiroz DMM, Braga LLBC. Younger siblings play a major role in Helicobacter pylori transmission among children from a low-income community in the Northeast of Brazil. Helicobacter 2010; 15:491-6. [PMID: 21073604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To further evaluate intrafamilial transmission of H. pylori infection during childhood, we investigated the prevalence of H. pylori in family members from a poor H. pylori high-prevalence urban community in the Northeast of Brazil. METHODS H. pylori infection was investigated in 570 members of 128 households, by (13) C-urea breath test in children and by ELISA in mothers and other adult relatives. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection (376/570) increased with age (p < .001) and ranged from 28.9%, in children aged 6 months to 5 years, to 82% in adults over 40 years. An H. pylori positive mother and the number of infected siblings are independent risk factors for childhood H. pylori infection (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.0-4.6 and OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.3-8.1, respectively) The number of siblings, number of younger siblings, and number of infected younger siblings were also associated with the infection in the univariate analysis. The number of infected younger siblings remained independently associated with the infection (p = .000), even after controlling for all the above cited variables, in addition to the H. pylori status of siblings and mothers, age, number of people per room, and number of children in the household. CONCLUSION The transmission of H. pylori occurs from infected mothers to their offspring and among siblings, notably from younger siblings to the older ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M N Fialho
- Clinical Research Unity - Department of Internal Medicine - University Hospital Walter Cantídio - Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Allison CC, Ferrero RL. Role of virulence factors and host cell signaling in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori and the generation of immune responses. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:1233-55. [PMID: 20722601 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes a large proportion of the world's population, with infection invariably leading to chronic, lifelong gastritis. While the infection often persists undiagnosed and without causing severe pathology, there are a number of host, bacterial and environmental factors that can influence whether infection provokes a mild inflammatory response or results in significant morbidity. Intriguingly, the most virulent H. pylori strains appear to deliberately induce the epithelial signaling cascades responsible for activating the innate immune system. While the reason for this remains unclear, the resulting adaptive immune responses are largely ineffective in clearing the bacterium once infection has become established and, as a result, inflammation likely causes more damage to the host itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C Allison
- Centre for Innate Immunity & Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.
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