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Imran H, Saleem F, Gull S, Khan Z. Uncovering the growing burden of enteric fever: A molecular analysis of Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial resistance. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106676. [PMID: 38710290 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Enteric fever, a persistent public health challenge in developing regions, is exacerbated by suboptimal socioeconomic conditions, contaminated water and food sources, and insufficient sanitation. This study delves into the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi, uncovering the genetic underpinnings of its resistance. Analyzing 897 suspected cases, we identified a significant prevalence of typhoid fever, predominantly in males (58.3 %) and younger demographics. Alarmingly, our data reveals an escalation in resistance to both primary and secondary antibiotics, with cases of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi reaching 14.7 % and 43.4 %, respectively, in 2021. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index exceeded 0.2 in over half of the isolates, signaling widespread antibiotic misuse. The study discerned 47 unique antibiotic resistance patterns and pinpointed carbapenem and macrolide antibiotics as the remaining effective treatments against XDR strains, underlining the critical need to preserve these drugs for severe cases. Molecular examinations identified blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes in ceftriaxone-resistant strains, while qnrS was specific to ciprofloxacin-resistant variants. Notably, all examined strains exhibited a singular mutation in the gyrA gene, maintaining wild-type gyrB and parC genes. The erm(B) gene emerged as the primary determinant of azithromycin resistance. Furthermore, a distressing increase in resistance genes was observed over three years, with erm(B), blaTEM and qnrS showing significant upward trends. These findings are a clarion call for robust antimicrobial stewardship programs to curtail inappropriate antibiotic use and forestall the burgeoning threat of antibiotic resistance in S. Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Saleem
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Gull
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Khan
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Emerson University Multan, Pakistan.
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Zeng Y, Shen M, Liu S, Zhou X. Characterization and resistance mechanism of phage-resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103756. [PMID: 38652948 PMCID: PMC11063523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of the increasingly severe problem of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy is regarded as a highly potential alternative. Compared with traditional antimicrobial agents, a key research area of phage therapy is the study of phage-resistant mutant bacteria. To effectively monitor and prevent this resistance, it is crucial to conduct in-depth exploration of the mechanism behind phage resistance. In this study, a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (sm140) and the corresponding phage (Psm140) were isolated from chicken liver and sewage, respectively. Using the double-layer plate method, successfully screened out phage-resistant mutant strains. Whole-genome resequencing of 3 resistant strains found that the wbaP gene of all 3 strains had mutations at a specific position (1,118), with the base changing from G to A. This mutation causes the gene-encoded glycine to be replaced by aspartic acid. Subsequent studies found that the frequency of this gene mutation is extremely high, reaching 84%, and all mutations occur at the same position. To further explore the relationship between the wbaP gene and phage resistance, knockout strains and complement strains of the wbaP gene were constructed. The experimental results confirmed the association between the wbaP gene and phage resistance. At the same time, biological characteristics and virulence were evaluated for wild strains, resistant strains, knockout strains, and complement strains. It was found that mutations or deletions of the wbaP gene lead to a decrease in bacterial environmental adaptability and virulence. Through systematic research on the mechanism and biological characteristics of phage resistance, this study provides important references and guidance for the development of new phage therapies, promoting progress in the field of antimicrobial treatment. At the same time, the emergence of phage resistance due to wbaP gene mutations is reported for the first time in salmonella, providing a new perspective and ideas for further studying phage resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mangmang Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Rahman MK, Rodriguez-Mori H, Loneragan GH, Awosile B. Beta-lactamase genes in bacteria from food animals, retail meat, and human surveillance programs in the United States from 2002 to 2021. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 106:102139. [PMID: 38325128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The spread of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria is a global public-health concern. This study aimed to explore the distribution of beta-lactamases reported in three sampling sources (cecal, retail meat, and human) collected as part of integrated surveillance in the United States. We retrieved and analyzed data from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Systems (NARMS) from 2002 to 2021. A total of 115 beta-lactamase genes were detected in E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter, Shigella and Vibrio: including 35 genes from cecal isolates, 32 genes from the retail meat isolates, and 104 genes from the human isolates. Three genes in E. coli (blaCMY-2,blaTEM-1A, and blaTEM-1B), 6 genes in Salmonella enterica (blaCARB-2, blaCMY-2, blaCTXM-65, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, and blaHERA-3), and 2 genes in Campylobacter spp. (blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-449) have been detected across food animals (cattle, chicken, swine, and turkey) and humans over the study period. blaCTXM-55 has been detected in E. coli isolates from the four food animal sources while blaCTXM-15 and blaCTXM-27 were found only in cattle and swine. In Salmonella enterica, blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-9, blaCTXM-14, blaCTXM-15, blaCTXM-27, blaCTXM-55, and blaNDM-1 were only detected among human isolates. blaOXAs and blaCARB were bacteria-specific and the only beta-lactamase genes detected in Campylobacter spp. and Vibrio spp respectively. The proportions of beta-lactamase genes detected varies from bacteria to bacteria. This study provided insights on the beta-lactamase genes detected in bacteria in food animals and humans in the United States. This is necessary for better understanding the molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases in one health interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaisar Rahman
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | | | - Guy H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Babafela Awosile
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Srednik ME, Morningstar-Shaw BR, Hicks JA, Mackie TA, Schlater LK. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolates in production animals from the United States. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979790. [PMID: 36406424 PMCID: PMC9668867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the USA, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Senftenberg is among the top five serovars isolated from food and the top 11 serovars isolated from clinically ill animals. Human infections are associated with exposure to farm environments or contaminated food. The objective of this study was to characterize S. Senftenberg isolates from production animals by analyzing phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, genomic features and phylogeny. Salmonella Senftenberg isolates (n = 94) from 20 US states were selected from NVSL submissions (2014-2017), tested against 14 antimicrobial drugs, and resistance phenotypes determined. Resistance genotypes were determined using whole genome sequencing analysis with AMRFinder and the NCBI and ResFinder databases with ABRicate. Plasmids were detected using PlasmidFinder. Integrons were detected using IntFinder and manual alignment with reference genes. Multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST) was determined using ABRicate with PubMLST database, and phylogeny was determined using vSNP. Among 94 isolates, 60.6% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 39.4% showed multidrug resistance. The most prevalent resistance findings were for streptomycin (44.7%), tetracycline (42.6%), ampicillin (36.2%) and sulfisoxazole (32.9%). The most commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes were aac(6')-Iaa (100%), aph(3″)-Ib and aph(6)-Id (29.8%) for aminoglycosides, followed by bla TEM-1 (26.6%) for penicillins, sul1 (25.5%) and sul2 (23.4%) for sulfonamides and tetA (23.4%) for tetracyclines. Quinolone-resistant isolates presented mutations in gyrA and/or parC genes. Class 1 integrons were found in 37 isolates. Thirty-six plasmid types were identified among 77.7% of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages of S. Senftenberg that correlated with the MLST results. Isolates were classified into two distinct sequence types (ST): ST14 (97.9%) and ST 185 (2.1%). The diversity of this serotype suggests multiple introductions into animal populations from outside sources. This study provided antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characteristics of S. Senftenberg clinical isolates from production animals in the USA during 2014 to 2017. This study will serve as a base for future studies focused on the phenotypic and molecular antimicrobial characterization of S. Senftenberg isolates in animals. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance to detect emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is critical.
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Jiang Q, Ke BX, Wu DS, Wang D, Fang LX, Sun RY, Wang MG, Lei JE, Shao Z, Liao XP. Epidemiology of blaCTX-M-Positive Salmonella Typhimurium From Diarrhoeal Outpatients in Guangdong, China, 2010–2017. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865254. [PMID: 35783425 PMCID: PMC9247517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica can lead to intestinal diarrhea, and the emergence and spread of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella have brought great challenges to clinical treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and transmission of blaCTX-M genes among S. Typhimurium from diarrhoeal outpatients in Guangdong, China, from 2010 to 2017. A total of 221 blaCTX-M-positive isolates were recovered from 1,263 S. Typhimurium isolates from the facal samples of diarrhoea patients in 45 general hospitals from 11 cities. The most popular CTX-M gene was blaCTX-M-55 (39.6%, 72/182) in the CTX-M-1 group, followed by blaCTX-M-14 (22.5%, 41/182) and blaCTX-M-65 (19.2%, 35/182) in the CTX-M-9 group. The isolates that carried blaCTX-M-9G had significantly higher resistance rates to multiple antibacterials compared with blaCTX-M-1G (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, PFGE analysis not only showed the clonal transmission of blaCTX-M-55/14/65-positve isolates of diarrhoeal outpatients’ origins from different hospitals in Guangdong province, but also the characteristic of blaCTX-M-55/14/65-positve isolates’ bacterial persistence. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that these S. Typhimurium isolates possessed ST34 and ST19. Furthermore, genomic Beast phylogenomic analysis provided the evidence of a close relationship of blaCTX-M-positive S. Typhimurium isolates between the outpatients and pork. Most blaCTX-M-55/14/65 genes were transmitted by non-typeable or IncI1/IncFII/IncHI2 plasmids with the size of ranging from ~80 to ~280 kb. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis further revealed that blaCTX-M-55/14/65 coexisted with other 25 types of ARGs, of which 11 ARGs were highly prevalent with the detection rates >50%, and it first reported the emergence of blaTEM-141 in S. Typhimurium. This study underscores the importance of surveillance for blaCTX-M-positive microbes in diarrhea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-xia Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-shu Wu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-er Lei
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-ping Liao,
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Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0039322. [PMID: 35532233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00393-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the cases of Salmonella enterica infections associated with contaminated water are increasing, this study was conducted to address the role of surface water as a reservoir of S. enterica serotypes. We sampled rivers and streams (n = 688) over a 3-year period (2015 to 2017) in a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, and 70.2% of the total stream samples tested positive for Salmonella. A total of 1,190 isolates were recovered and characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A wide range of serotypes was identified, including those commonly associated with humans and animals, with S. enterica serotype Muenchen being predominant (22.7%) and each serotype exhibiting a high degree of strain diversity by PFGE. About half (46.1%) of the isolates had PFGE patterns indistinguishable from those of human clinical isolates in the CDC PulseNet database. A total of 52 isolates (4.4%) were resistant to antimicrobials, out of which 43 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials). These 52 resistant Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and class 1 integrons, out of which four representative MDR isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing analysis. The results showed that 28 MDR isolates resistant to 10 antimicrobials had blacmy-2 on an A/C plasmid. Persistent contamination of surface water with a high diversity of Salmonella strains, some of which are drug resistant and genetically indistinguishable from human isolates, supports a role of environmental surface water as a reservoir for and transmission route of this pathogen. IMPORTANCE Salmonella has been traditionally considered a foodborne pathogen, as it is one of the most common etiologies of foodborne illnesses worldwide; however, recent Salmonella outbreaks attributed to fresh produce and water suggest a potential environmental source of Salmonella that causes some human illnesses. Here, we investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, in order to enhance the overall understanding of waterborne Salmonella. The persistence and widespread distribution of Salmonella in surface water confirm environmental sources of the pathogen. A high proportion of waterborne Salmonella with clinically significant serotypes and genetic similarity to strains of human origin supports the role of environmental water as a significant reservoir of Salmonella and indicates a potential waterborne transmission of Salmonella to humans. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant and MDR Salmonella demonstrates additional risks associated with exposure to contaminated environmental water.
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Wuryandari MRE, Atho'illah MF, Laili RD, Fatmawati S, Widodo N, Widjajanto E, Rifa'i M. Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0137 fermented red Moringa oleifera exhibits protective effects in mice challenged with Salmonella typhi via TLR3/TLR4 inhibition and down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100531. [PMID: 34903438 PMCID: PMC8728064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella typhi is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that threatens health. S. typhi infection exacerbated the antibiotic resistance problem that needs alternative strategies. Moringa oleifera possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However, there is a lack of information about the pharmacological value of red M. oleifera. The fermentation of red M. oleifera leaves extract (RMOL) is expected to add to its nutritional value. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate non-fermented RMOL (NRMOL) and fermented RMOL (FRMOL) effects on S. typhi infection in mice. Materials and methods Female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The treatment groups were orally administered with NRMOL or FRMOL at doses 14, 42, and 84 mg/kg BW during the 28 days experimental period. Then S. typhi was introduced to mice through intraperitoneal injection except in the healthy groups. The NRMOL or FRMOL administration was continued for the next seven days. Cells that expressed CD11b+ TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, CD11b+IL-6+, CD11b+IL-17+, CD11b+TNF-a+, and CD4+CD25+CD62L+ were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Our result suggested that NRMOL and FRMOL extracts significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of CD11b+TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, CD11b+IL-6+, CD11b+IL-17+, and CD11b+TNF-α+ subsets. In contrast, NRMOL and FRMOL extracts significantly increased (p < 0.05) the expression of CD4+CD25+CD62L+ subsets. NRMOL at dose 14 and 42 mg/kg BW was more effective compared to FRMOL in reducing the expression of CD11b+TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, and CD11b+TNF-α+ subsets. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that NRMOL and FRMOL extracts could be promising agents for protection against S. typhi infection via modulation of TLR3/TLR4, regulatory T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mm Riyaniarti Estri Wuryandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Technology and Health Management, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, 64114, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Dzariyani Laili
- Department of Nutrition, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Hang Tuah Surabaya, 60244, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fatmawati
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Center of Biosystem Study, LPPM of Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Edi Widjajanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Center of Biosystem Study, LPPM of Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
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Potential Influence of Regulation of the Food Value Chain on Prevalence and Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance: the Case of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0094521. [PMID: 34550759 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00945-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the potential impact of the level of regulation on the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial agent resistance in bacteria isolated from fish. The study sites included two large lakes and both semiregulated and unregulated fish value chains. A total of 328 bacterial isolates belonging to 11 genera were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method. The bacterial species were tested against 12 different antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime, and kanamycin). Data analysis was done to assess the heterogeneity in proportion of resistant bacterial species within and between the two value chains using a random-effects model proposed by DerSimonian and Laird (Control Clin Trials 7:177-188, 1986). Statistical heterogeneity within and between groups was estimated using the Cochran chi-square test and the Cochrane I2 index. The overall proportion of bacterial species resistant to antimicrobial agents in semiregulated and unregulated value chains ranged from 0.00 to 0.88 and 0.09 to 0.95, respectively. Shigella spp. had the highest proportion of bacteria that were resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents used. The bacterial species were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin, and the highest multidrug resistance capacity was observed in Shigella spp. (18.3%, n = 328), Vibrio spp. (18.3%), and Listeria monocytogenes (12.2%). We observed strong heterogeneity within and between the two value chains regarding proportion of resistant bacterial species. Sun-dried fish in both value chains had significantly high proportions of resistant bacterial species. Comparing the two value chains, the unregulated value chain had a significantly higher proportion of bacterial species that were resistant. In order to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to consumers along the fish value chain, good manufacturing practices coupled with identification and management of possible sources of contamination are recommended for fish and potentially other foods distributed along the less regulated value chains. IMPORTANCE In order to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to consumers along the fish value chain, good manufacturing practices coupled with identification and management of possible sources of contamination are recommended for fish and potentially other foods distributed along the less regulated value chains.
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Cai Q, Wang R, Qiao Z, Yang W. Single-digit Salmonella detection with the naked eye using bio-barcode immunoassay coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification and a CRISPR-Cas12a system. Analyst 2021; 146:5271-5279. [PMID: 34355716 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to visually detect low numbers of Salmonella in food samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here we present a novel platform for ultrasensitive and visual detection of Salmonella Typhimurium by integrating the bio-barcode immunoassay (BCA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and CRISPR-Cas12a cleavage in a single reaction system (termed as BCA-RPA-Cas12a). In the system, the target bacteria were separated by immunomagnetic nanoparticles and labeled with numerous barcode AuNPs, which carry abundant bio-barcode DNA molecules to amplify the signal. Afterwards, the bio-barcode DNA molecules were amplified by RPA and subsequently triggered the cleavage activity of Cas12a to generate the fluorescence signal. Due to this triplex signal amplification, the BCA-RPA-Cas12a system can selectively detect Salmonella Typhimurium at the single-digit level with the naked eye under blue light within 60 min. Meanwhile, this novel platform was successfully applied to detect Salmonella Typhimurium in spiked milk samples with a similar sensitivity and satisfactory recovery, indicating its potential application in real samples. Furthermore, in virtue of the versatility of the antibody in the stage of BCA, the BCA-RPA-Cas12a system can be extended to further application in other bacteria detection and food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cai
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
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Zamil S, Ferdous J, Zannat MM, Biswas PK, Gibson JS, Henning J, Hoque MA, Barua H. Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of motile Salmonella enterica from the poultry hatchery environment. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:277-284. [PMID: 34189702 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a globally distributed major food-borne pathogen and poultry is one of the predominant sources of salmonellosis in humans. To investigate the presence of motile Salmonella in the poultry hatchery environment, we collected 97 fluff samples from four selected broiler breeder chicken hatcheries from Chattogram, Bangladesh during July-December 2015. To isolate motile Salmonella enterica, we used conventional bacteriological techniques followed by serological verification using anti-Salmonella Poly A-E serum and species confirmation by conventional PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 10 commonly used antibiotics was performed on all isolates. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance to ampicillin were tested by PCR for blaTEM gene, whereas those resistant to tetracycline were tested for the presence of tetA, tetB and tetC genes. A total of 24 samples (24.7%; 95% CI: 16.5-34.5, N = 97) from 3 hatcheries were positive for motile Salmonella. Of them, 21 (87.5%) and 12 (50.0%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively, 9 (37.5%) to nalidixic acid and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. No resistance was detected to ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Ten (42%) of 24 isolates from 2 hatcheries were multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes). Six of 21 ampicillin resistant isolates contained blaTEM gene and 10 of 12 tetracycline resistant isolates contained tetA gene. This study highlights the circulation of multi-drug resistant motile Salmonella in the hatchery environment for the first time in Bangladesh. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are therefore needed to identify the serotypes and source of the bacteria in hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafayat Zamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.,EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA.,Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mosammat Moonkiratul Zannat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
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11
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Lei JE, Wang Q, Lin Y, Li F, Ma C, He Y, Xu JR. Rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-Lactamases producers in Enterobacteriaceae using a calorimetry approach. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1523-1530. [PMID: 32890446 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To design and assess a novel protocol that employs isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers in clinical pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 69 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were examined in the new ESBL-ITC test by examining the heat profiles associated with enzyme hydrolysis of different substrates (imipenem, cefotaxime and clavulanic acid). The presence of β-lactamase genes in the bacteria tested was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Comparative analysis between ESBL-ITC and conventional minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)/combined disk method (CDM) showed high agreement between the two assays. However, the ESBL-ITC test had a remarkable advantage of providing testing result within 1 h, in comparison to the 32-48 h required by MIC/CDM. CONCLUSIONS The ESBL-ITC test developed in this work offers a new option for rapid and accurate detection of ESBL-producers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Timely detection of ESBL-producers is vital to guide the decision-making process in clinical treatment as well as in hospital-infection control. The new ESBL-ITC test provides a rapid phenotypic assay that can be further adapted for clinical diagnosis of ESBL-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science of Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environmental and Genes Related to Disease, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Lin
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - F Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - C Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J-R Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science of Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environmental and Genes Related to Disease, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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12
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Tian S, Wang C, Li Y, Bao X, Zhang Y, Tang T. The Impact of SlyA on Cell Metabolism of Salmonella typhimurium: A Joint Study of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:184-190. [PMID: 32969666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SlyA is an important transcriptional regulator in Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). Numerous reports have indicated the impact of SlyA on the virulence of S. typhimurium. Less information regarding the role of SlyA in the cell metabolism of S. typhimurium is available. To close this gap, we compared the growth kinetics of an S. typhimurium wild-type strain to a slyA deletion mutant strain. The data suggested that the cell growth of S. typhimurium was impaired when slyA abolished, indicating that SlyA might affect the cell metabolism of S. typhimurium. To determine the role of SlyA in cell metabolism, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of slyA using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). With the aim of appropriately interpreting the results obtained from metabolomics, a transcriptomic analysis on both the wild-type S. typhimurium and the slyA deletion mutant was performed. The metabolome data indicated that several glycolysis and lipid metabolism-associated pathways, including the turnover of glycerolipid, pyruvate, butanoate, and glycerophospholipid, were affected in the absence of slyA. In addition, the mRNA levels of several genes associated with glycolysis and lipid turnover were downregulated when slyA was deleted, including pagP, fadL, mgtB, iacp, and yciA. Collectively, these evidence suggested that SlyA affects the glycolysis and lipid turnover of S. typhimurium at a transcriptional level. The raw data of metabolomics is available in the MetaboLights database with an access number of MTBLS1858. The raw data of transcriptome is available in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database with an access number of PRJNA656165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yongyu Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Sanse Road, Spirit Industry Business District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610063, P.R. China
| | - Yunwen Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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13
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Ma Y, Xu X, Gao Y, Zhan Z, Xu C, Qu X, Chen Z, Bai J, Liao M, Zhang J. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis isolated from human patients and animal source foods in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108859. [PMID: 32947147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 205 Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis strains were obtained from humans and foods from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Shanghai in China from 2009 to 2017 to assess drug resistance and molecular epidemiology. These isolates displayed high rates of resistance to sulfisoxazole (94.15%) and tetracycline (77.56%). Surprisingly, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin reached 21.46%. Moreover, 63.9% of the strains displayed multidrug resistance. Detection of quinolone genes showed that 97.56% of the strains had single mutations (T57S) in parC. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qnrB, were also detected. The extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLS) gene that was most common among the isolates was blaTEM-1 (18.05%). These S. Corvallis isolates are the first to date, that have been reported to possess blaCTX-M-55 or blaNDM-5. Additionally, 95.61% of isolates were biofilm producers. The streptomycin resistance rate was higher in strong biofilm producers (87.50%) than in moderate (37.93%) and weak (26.49%) biofilm producers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that some strains from different sources had the same genotype. These isolates may be transmitted to humans through food and therefore the monitoring of these isolates should be strengthened in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeben Ma
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhan
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Bai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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Wajid M, Saleemi MK, Sarwar Y, Ali A. Detection and characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis as an emerging threat in poultry farms of Faisalabad, Pakistan. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:248-261. [PMID: 30990250 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was the molecular identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) isolated from poultry samples and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 149 isolates, belonging to genus Salmonella, originally isolated from 340 suspected poultry post mortem specimens reported by us earlier were preliminary identified as Salmonella by biochemical methods and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting genus-specific gene invA. Targeting serovar-specific gene fragment (fljB) resulted in confirmation of 54 isolates as S. Infantis which were further confirmed by sequencing of 16S RNA and fljB genes. Swimming and swarming motilities were detected in 98·1 and 11·1% isolates respectively. Phenotypic disc diffusion assay against 23 antimicrobial agents showed the highest resistance against pefloxacin (PEF) (94·4%), chloramphenicol (83·3%) and imipenem (77·7%) while 5·3% isolates showed extended-spectrum β-lactamase production. Fifty-nine genes reported for antimicrobial resistance and 12 for conferring virulence were targeted. The most prevalent resistance gene for aminoglycosides was aadA (42·3%), for quinolone resistance determining region parE (62·5%), for penicillin's Int1 (62·9%), for chloramphenicol cat3 (66·1%) and for beta-lactams blaTEM -1 (44·4%). Among efflux pump coding genes, armA showed highest (74·2%) prevalence and for virulence, a high prevalence of SopE (89·2%) showed the zoonotic potential of the isolates. The activity of efflux pumps was detected through Ethidium Bromide-agar method. CONCLUSIONS Poultry could act as reservoirs of multidrug resistance Salmonella. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We firstly report the prevalence and molecular characterization of virulence/drug resistance in S. Infantis from this region and the results may contribute to designing precisely targeted therapy. This study has also highlighted the possible emergence of S. Infantis with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wajid
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M K Saleemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Sarwar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Veeraraghavan B, Jacob JJ, Prakash JAJ, Pragasam AK, Neeravi A, Narasimman V, Anandan S. Extensive drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg carrying bla NDM encoding plasmid p5558 (IncA/C) from India. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:20-26. [PMID: 30722761 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1574112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are foodborne pathogens that are responsible for self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The present study aims at the molecular characterisation and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg strain P5558 isolated from the pus samples of a patient suffering from stump infection. The isolate was subjected to serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility test to understand the phenotypical characteristics. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out and comparative genomics using computational tools showed the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profile of the isolates from the genome sequence data. Typing experiments confirmed that the isolate belong to S. Senftenberg with sequence type ST14. Resistance against β-lactams is associated with the presence of blaTEM-1, blaOXA-9, blaCMY-2 and blaNDM-1 genes. Similarly resistance to aminoglycoside was associated with five aminoglycoside modifying enzymes aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6')-Ib and ant(3'')-Ia, sulfonamide with sul-1 and sul-2 and chloramphenicol with florR gene. Substitutions in gyrA (S83Y, D87G) and parC (S80I) genes found to be the reason for fluoroquinolone resistance. The plasmid profiling showed the isolate has four resistance plasmids in which plasmid p5558-NDM (IncA/C) harbours major resistance genes including blaNDM-1 and blaCMY-2. Determination of virulence gene profile revealed that the genome carries all major Salmonella pathogenicity islands and virulence factors. From our findings it is clear that the isolate possess characteristic pathogenicity islands (SPI 1-6, 13, 14), major virulence factors and acquired resistance genes. Comparative analysis suggests the evolution and distribution of the MDR gene encoding plasmids in NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Veeraraghavan
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - Jobin John Jacob
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - John Antony Jude Prakash
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - Agila Kumari Pragasam
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - Ayyanraj Neeravi
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - Vignesh Narasimman
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
| | - Shalini Anandan
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India
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16
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Wajid M, Awan AB, Saleemi MK, Weinreich J, Schierack P, Sarwar Y, Ali A. Multiple Drug Resistance and Virulence Profiling ofSalmonella entericaSerovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis from Poultry Farms of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:133-142. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wajid
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Bashir Awan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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17
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Zhang Y, Lei J, He Y, Yang J, Wang W, Wasey A, Xu J, Lin Y, Fan H, Jing G, Zhang C, Jin Y. Label‐Free Visualization of Carbapenemase Activity in Living Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐E Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Abdul Wasey
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiru Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Scion New Zealand Forest Research Institute) Rotorua 3010 New Zealand
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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18
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Zhang Y, Lei J, He Y, Yang J, Wang W, Wasey A, Xu J, Lin Y, Fan H, Jing G, Zhang C, Jin Y. Label‐Free Visualization of Carbapenemase Activity in Living Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17120-17124. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐E Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Abdul Wasey
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiru Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Scion New Zealand Forest Research Institute) Rotorua 3010 New Zealand
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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19
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Tiba-Casas MR, Camargo CH, Soares FB, Doi Y, Fernandes SA. Emergence of CMY-2-Producing Salmonella Heidelberg Associated with IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Poultry in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:271-276. [PMID: 30256175 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the characterization of plasmid-mediated CMY-2-producing Salmonella Heidelberg recovered from food, poultry, and poultry environment in Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. The blaCMY-2 resistance gene was allocated in large (90-148 kb) IncI1 type transferable plasmids. Salmonella Heidelberg isolates were genetically related, indicating the dissemination of closely related isolates among food, poultry, and its environment. This is the first report of IncI1 replicon-types of plasmids encoding the blaCMY-2 resistance gene in Salmonella Heidelberg isolates in Brazil, the world's biggest exporter of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yohei Doi
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Oliveira J, Costa K, Acurcio L, Sandes S, Cassali G, Uetanabaro A, Costa A, Nicoli J, Neumann E, Porto A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of two potential probiotic lactobacilli isolated from cocoa fermentation (Theobroma cacao L.). J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Identification and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00653-18. [PMID: 29760131 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00653-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (DSC) has historically been associated with chromosomal mutations of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes are increasing. To investigate DSC among Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strains, we examined 40 isolates from 1996 to 2016 with DSC. Thirty isolates (71%) contained the PMQR gene qnrB and eight isolates (19%) contained a QRDR.
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22
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Grant A, Parveen S, Schwarz J, Hashem F, Vimini B. Reduction of Salmonella in ground chicken using a bacteriophage. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2845-2852. [PMID: 28371846 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's goal was to ascertain the effectiveness of a commercially available Salmonella bacteriophage during ground chicken production focusing on: water source, different Salmonella serovars, and time. Salmonella-free boneless, skinless chicken meat was inoculated with 4.0 Log CFU/cm2 of either a cocktail of 3 Salmonella isolates derived from ground chicken (GC) or a cocktail of 3 Salmonella strains not isolated from ground chicken (non-GC). Bacteriophages were spread onto the chicken using sterile tap or filtered water for 30 min or 8 h. Salmonella was recovered using standard plating method. Greater Salmonella reduction was observed when the bacteriophage was diluted in sterile tap water than in sterile filtered water: 0.39 Log CFU/cm2 and 0.23 Log CFU/cm2 reduction after 30 min, respectively (P < 0.05). The non-GC isolates showed reductions of 0.71 Log CFU/cm2 and 0.90 Log CFU/cm2 after 30 min and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.05). The GC isolates were less sensitive to the bacteriophage: 0.39 Log CFU/cm2 and 0.67 Log CFU/cm2 reductions after 30 min and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, bacteriophage reduction was dependent on water used to dilute the bacteriophage, Salmonella's susceptibility to the bacteriophage, and treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ar'Quette Grant
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853
| | - Jurgen Schwarz
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853
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Li S, Zhou Y, Miao Z. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Raw Chicken Carcasses of Commercial Broilers and Spent Hens in Tai'an, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2106. [PMID: 29163400 PMCID: PMC5671596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella isolated from meat samples of commercial broilers (CB) and spent hens (SH). Between March and June 2016, 200 retail raw chicken carcasses (100 from CB and 100 from SH) were obtained from local supermarkets in Tai’an city of China, and Salmonella isolates were then analyzed for antibiotic resistance, serotype, β-lactamase genes, and the presence of class 1 integron. Forty Salmonella strains were obtained in this study (CB: 21/100, 21%; SH: 19/100, 19%). Three serotypes were identified in 40 Salmonella, and S. Enteritidis (CB: 15/21, 71.4%; SH: 10/19, 52.6%) was the dominant serotype, followed by S. Typhimurium (CB: 4/21, 19%; SH: 6/19, 31.6%) and S. Derby (CB: 2/21, 9.5%; SH: 3/19, 15.8%). Among 21 Salmonella isolated from CB, high antibiotic resistance rates were found for ampicillin (20/21, 95.2%), nalidixic acid (18/21, 85.7%), cefotaxime (17/21, 81%), and tetracycline (13/21, 61.9%); class 1 integron was observed in seven isolates (7/21, 33.3%), and gene cassettes included an empty integron (0.15 kb, n = 1), aadA2 (1.2 kb, n = 3), drfA1-aadA1 (1.4 kb, n = 1), and drfA17-aadA5 (1.7 kb, n = 2); blaTEM-1 was the dominant β-lactamase gene (21/21, 100%), followed by blaCTX-M-55 (7/21, 33.3%). Among 19 Salmonella isolated from SH, high antibiotic resistance rates were found for nalidixic acid (19/19, 100%), tetracycline (19/19, 100%), ampicillin (18/19, 94.7%), and ciprofloxacin (13/19, 68.4%); class 1 integron was observed in two isolates (2/19, 10.5%), and gene cassettes included drfA17-aadA5 (1.7 kb, n = 1) and drfA1-aadA1 (1.4 kb, n = 1); blaTEM-1 was the dominant β-lactamase gene (19/19, 100%), followed by blaCTX-M-55 (2/19, 10.5%) and blaCMY-2 (1/19, 5.3%). Collectively, antibiotic-resistant Salmonella can be widely detected in retail raw chicken carcasses of CB and SH, and therefore can pose a serious risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yufa Zhou
- Center for Disease Control, Veterinary Bureau of Daiyue, Tai'an, China
| | - Zengmin Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
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Population dynamics of enteric Salmonella in response to antimicrobial use in beef feedlot cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14310. [PMID: 29085049 PMCID: PMC5662634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled longitudinal field trial was undertaken to assess the effects of injectable ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) versus in-feed chlortetracycline on the temporal dynamics of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica in feedlot cattle. Two replicates of 8 pens (total 176 steers) received one of 4 different regimens. All, or one, out of 11 steers were treated with CCFA on day 0 in 8 pens, with half of the pens later receiving three 5-day regimens of chlortetracycline from day 4 to day 20. Salmonella was isolated from faecal samples and antimicrobial susceptibility was analysed via microbroth dilution. Serotype was determined by whole-genome sequencing. On day 0, mean Salmonella prevalence was 75.0% and the vast majority of isolates were pansusceptible. Both antimicrobials reduced overall prevalence of Salmonella; however, these treatments increased the proportion of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella from day 4 through day 26, which was the last day of faecal collection. Only six Salmonella serotypes were detected. Salmonella serotype Reading isolates were extensively MDR, suggesting a strong association between serotype and resistance. Our study demonstrates that the selection pressures of a 3rd generation cephalosporin and chlortetracycline during the feeding period contribute to dynamic population shifts between antimicrobial susceptible and resistant Salmonella.
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25
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Karp BE, Tate H, Plumblee JR, Dessai U, Whichard JM, Thacker EL, Hale KR, Wilson W, Friedman CR, Griffin PM, McDermott PF. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Two Decades of Advancing Public Health Through Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:545-557. [PMID: 28792800 PMCID: PMC5650714 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a serious and growing public health threat globally. In this review, we describe the role of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in providing data that help address the resistance problem and show how such a program can have broad positive impacts on public health. NARMS was formed two decades ago to help assess the consequences to human health arising from the use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal production in the United States. A collaboration among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the United States Department of Agriculture, and state and local health departments, NARMS uses an integrated "One Health" approach to monitor antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria from humans, retail meat, and food animals. NARMS has adapted to changing needs and threats by expanding surveillance catchment areas, examining new isolate sources, adding bacteria, adjusting sampling schemes, and modifying antimicrobial agents tested. NARMS data are not only essential for ensuring that antimicrobial drugs approved for food animals are used in ways that are safe for human health but they also help address broader food safety priorities. NARMS surveillance, applied research studies, and outbreak isolate testing provide data on the emergence of drug-resistant enteric bacteria; genetic mechanisms underlying resistance; movement of bacterial populations among humans, food, and food animals; and sources and outcomes of resistant and susceptible infections. These data can be used to guide and evaluate the impact of science-based policies, regulatory actions, antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, and other public health efforts aimed at preserving drug effectiveness, improving patient outcomes, and preventing infections. Many improvements have been made to NARMS over time and the program will continue to adapt to address emerging resistance threats, changes in clinical diagnostic practices, and new technologies, such as whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Karp
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Tate
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Jodie R. Plumblee
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Uday Dessai
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eileen L. Thacker
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kis Robertson Hale
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Wanda Wilson
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Cindy R. Friedman
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia M. Griffin
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick F. McDermott
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
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Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:687-702. [PMID: 27665007 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most predominant bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the risk of human infection associated with poultry products and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella also poses a significant challenge to commercial poultry production. During the last decade (2002 to 2012), the 12 most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) were frequently and consistently isolated from poultry products in the United States. These MPPSTs and their percent prevalence in poultry products include Kentucky (4%), Enteritidis (2%) Heidelberg (2%), Typhimurium (2%), S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (0.31%), Montevideo (0.20%), Infantis (0.16%) Schwarzengrund (0.15%), Hadar (0.15%), Mbandaka (0.13%), Thompson (0.12%), and Senftenberg (0.04%). All MPPSTs except Kentucky are among the top 30 clinically significant serotypes that cause human illnesses in the United States. However with the exception of a few widely studied serotypes such as S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium, the ecology and epidemiology of the majority of MPPSTs still remain poorly investigated. Published data from the United States suggests that MPPSTs such as Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Sentfenberg are more likely to be multi-drug resistant (MDR, ≥3 antimicobial classes) whereas Enteritidis, Montevideo, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Infantis, Thompson, and Mbandaka are generally pan-susceptible or display resistance to fewer antimicobials. In contrast, the majority of MPPSTs isolated globally have been reported to display MDR phenotype. There also appears to be an international spread of a few MDR serotypes including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Thomson, Sentfenberg, and Enteritidis, which may pose significant challenges to the public health. The current knowledge gaps on the ecology, epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of MPPSTs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willium C Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
| | - Jean Guard
- Egg Quality and Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA 30605, USA
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Acurcio L, Sandes S, Bastos R, Sant’anna F, Pedroso S, Reis D, Nunes Á, Cassali G, Souza M, Nicoli J. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus species from Brazilian artisanal cheese protect germ-free-mice against Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:579-588. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of milks fermented by Lactobacillus strains showing probiotic properties is an important tool to maintain gastrointestinal health. In this study, Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1 and Lactobacillus plantarum B7, isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheese, were used as starters for the functional fermented milks to assess their probiotic properties in a gnotobiotic animal model. Male germ-free Swiss mice received a single oral dose of milk fermented by each sample, and were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium five days afterwards. Milk fermented by both Lactobacillus strains maintained counts above 108 cfu/ml during cold storage. Lactobacillus strains colonised the gut of the germ-free-mice, maintaining their antagonistic effect. This colonisation led to a protective effect against Salmonella challenge, as demonstrated by reduced pathogen translocation and histological lesions, when compared to control group, especially for Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1. Additionally, mRNA expression of inflammatory (interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (transforming growth factor β1) cytokines was augmented in animals previously colonised and then challenged, when compared to other experimental groups. Lactobacillus plantarum B7 colonisation also promoted higher expression of IL-17, showing a proper maturation of colonised germ-free-mice immune system. IL-5 was stimulated by both strains’ colonisation and not by S. Typhimurium challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.B. Acurcio
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - S.H.C. Sandes
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R.W. Bastos
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F.M. Sant’anna
- Department of Meat and Dairy Products Technology and Inspection (DTIPOA), Veterinary School (EV – Escola de Veterinária), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - S.H.S.P. Pedroso
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D.C. Reis
- Department of Pathology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Á.C. Nunes
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - G.D. Cassali
- Department of Pathology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M.R. Souza
- Department of Meat and Dairy Products Technology and Inspection (DTIPOA), Veterinary School (EV – Escola de Veterinária), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J.R. Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute (ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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28
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Lin Z, Tang P, Jiao Y, Kang X, Li Q, Xu X, Sun J, Pan Z, Jiao X. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a Salmonella Enteritidis sptP mutant as a live attenuated vaccine candidate. BMC Vet Res 2017. [PMID: 28646853 PMCID: PMC5483252 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a highly adaptive pathogen in both humans and animals. As a Salmonella Type III secretion system (T3SS) effector, Salmonella protein tyrosine phosphatase (SptP) is critical for virulence in this genus. To investigate the feasibility of using C50336ΔsptP as a live attenuated oral vaccine in mice, we generated the sptP gene deletion mutant C50336ΔsptP in S. Enteritidis strain C50336 by λ-Red mediated recombination and evaluated the protective ability of the S. Enteritidis sptP mutant strain C50336ΔsptP against mice salmonellosis. Results We found that C50336ΔsptP was a highly immunogenic, effective, and safe vaccine in mice. Compared to wild-type C50336, C50336ΔsptP showed reduced virulence as confirmed by the 50% lethal dose (LD50) in orally infected mice. C50336ΔsptP also showed decreased bacterial colonization both in vivo and in vitro. Immunization with C50336ΔsptP had no significant effect on body weight and did not result in obvious clinical symptoms relative to control animals treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), but induced humoral and cellular immune responses at 12 and 26 days post inoculation. Immunization with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) C50336ΔsptP per mouse provided 100% protection against subsequent challenge with the wild-type C50336 strain, and immunized mice showed mild and temporary clinical symptoms as compared to those of control group. Conclusions These results demonstrate that C50336ΔsptP can be a live attenuated oral vaccine for salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Center for Comparative Medicine, Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, MOA Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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29
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Acurcio LB, Bastos RW, Sandes SHDC, Guimarães ACDC, Alves CG, Reis DCD, Wuyts S, Nunes ÁC, Cassali GD, Lebeer S, Souza MRD, Nicoli JR. Protective effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum B7 from Brazilian artisanal cheese on a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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30
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Giuriatti J, Stefani LM, Brisola MC, Crecencio RB, Bitner DS, Faria GA. Salmonella Heidelberg: Genetic profile of its antimicrobial resistance related to extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Microb Pathog 2017; 109:195-199. [PMID: 28578094 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial susceptibility and the possible involvement of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in the resistance profile of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) isolated from chicken meat. We used 18 SH isolates from chicken meat produced in 2013 in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The isolates were submitted to disk-diffusion tests and from these results it was possible to determine the number of isolates considered multiresistant and the index of multiple antimicrobial resistance (IRMA) against ten antimicrobials routinely used in human and veterinary medicine. It was considered multidrug resistant the isolate that showed resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Another test performed was the disc-approximation in order to investigate interposed zones of inhibition, indicative of ESBLs production. In the isolates that presented multidrug resistance (18/18), a search of resistance genes involved in the production of ESBLs was performed using PCR: blaCMY-2, blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M2, blaOXA-1, blaPSE-1 and AmpC. The overall antimicrobial resistance was 80.55%. The highest levels of resistance were observed for nalidixic acid and ceftiofur (100%). The most commonly resistance pattern found (42.1%) was A (penicillin-cephalosporin-quinolone-tetracycline). The results were negative for ghost zone formation, indicative of ESBLs. However, PCR technique was able to detect resistance genes via ESBLs where the blaTEM-1 gene showed the highest amplification (83.33%), and the second most prevalent genes were blaCMY-2 (38.88%) and AmpC gene (38.88%). The blaOXA-1 and blaPSE-1 genes were not detected. These results are certainly of concern since SH is becoming more prevalent in the South of Brazil and able to cause severe disease in immune compromised individuals, showing high antimicrobial resistance to those drugs routinely used in the treatment and control of human and animal salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Giuriatti
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenita Moura Stefani
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maiara Cristina Brisola
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Regiane Boaretto Crecencio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Dinael Simão Bitner
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Amorim Faria
- Department of Mathematics, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
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31
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Wang J, Li Y, Xu X, Liang B, Wu F, Yang X, Ma Q, Yang C, Hu X, Liu H, Li H, Sheng C, Xie J, Du X, Hao R, Qiu S, Song H. Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:510. [PMID: 28400764 PMCID: PMC5368216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates identified from patients with diarrhea in Shanghai. The isolates showed high rates of resistance to traditional antimicrobials, and 20.6, 12.7, and 5.5% of them exhibited decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, respectively. Notably, 473 (84.6%) isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), including 161 (28.8%) isolates that showed an ACSSuT profile. Twenty-two MDR isolates concurrently exhibited decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin, and six of them were co-resistant to azithromycin. Of all the 71 isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 65 showed at least one mutation (D87Y, D87N, or D87G) in gyrA, among which seven isolates simultaneously had mutations of parC (S80R) (n = 6) or parC (T57S/S80R) (n = 1), while 49 isolates with either zero or one mutation in gyrA contained plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes including qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. Among the 115 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, the most common ESBL gene was blaCTX-M, followed by blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV -12. Eight subtypes of blaCTX-M were identified and blaCTX-M-14 (n = 22) and blaCTX-M-55 (n = 31) were found to be dominant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of blaCTX-M-123 and blaCTX-M-125 in S. Typhimurium. Besides, mphA gene was identified in 15 of the 31 azithromycin-resistant isolates. Among the 22 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin, 15 contained ESBL and PMQR genes. Coexistence of these genes lead to the emergence of MDR and the transmission of them will pose great difficulties in S. Typhimurium treatments. Therefore, surveillance for these MDR isolates should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; Western Theater CommandTianshui, China
| | - Yongrui Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; The Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Ma
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Sheng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Rongzhang Hao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
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Eguale T, Birungi J, Asrat D, Njahira MN, Njuguna J, Gebreyes WA, Gunn JS, Djikeng A, Engidawork E. Genetic markers associated with resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in central Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:13. [PMID: 28105330 PMCID: PMC5240271 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment of infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and other pathogens. Resistance to these classes of antimicrobials has increased significantly in the recent years. However, little is known on the genetic basis of resistance to these drugs in Salmonella isolates from Ethiopia. Methods Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams (n = 43) were tested for genes encoding for beta-lactamase enzymes, and those resistant to quinolones (n = 29) for mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as well as plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes using PCR and sequencing. Results Beta-lactamase genes (bla) were detected in 34 (79.1%) of the isolates. The dominant bla gene was blaTEM, recovered from 33 (76.7%) of the isolates, majority being TEM-1 (24, 72.7%) followed by TEM-57, (10, 30.3%). The blaOXA-10 and blaCTX-M-15 were detected only in a single S. Concord human isolate. Double substitutions in gyrA (Ser83-Phe + Asp87-Gly) as well as parC (Thr57-Ser + Ser80-Ile) subunits of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) were detected in all S. Kentucky isolates with high level resistance to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Single amino acid substitutions, Ser83-Phe (n = 4) and Ser83-Tyr (n = 1) were also detected in the gyrA gene. An isolate of S. Miami susceptible to nalidixic acid but intermediately resistant to ciprofloxacin had Thr57-Ser and an additional novel mutation (Tyr83-Phe) in the parC gene. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes investigated were not detected in any of the isolates. In some isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid, no mutations in QRDR or PMQR genes were detected. Over half of the quinolone resistant isolates in the current study 17 (58.6%) were also resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antimicrobials. Conclusion Acquisition of blaTEM was the principal beta-lactamase resistance mechanism and mutations within QRDR of gyrA and parC were the primary mechanism for resistance to quinolones. Further study on extended spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance mechanisms in other gram negative pathogens is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Josephine Birungi
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Asrat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Avenue, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Moses N Njahira
- ICIPE-African Insect Science for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Njuguna
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wondwossen A Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th, Columbus, OH 432101214 USA
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Avenue, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies In Vivo Acquisition of a blaCTX-M-27-Carrying IncFII Transmissible Plasmid as the Cause of Ceftriaxone Treatment Failure for an Invasive Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:7224-7235. [PMID: 27671066 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01649-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of ceftriaxone treatment failure for bacteremia caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, due to the in vivo acquisition of a blaCTX-M-27-encoding IncFII group transmissible plasmid. The original β-lactamase-susceptible isolate ST882S was replaced by the resistant isolate ST931R during ceftriaxone treatment. After relapse, treatment was changed to ciprofloxacin, and the patient recovered. Isolate ST931R could transfer resistance to Escherichia coli at 37°C. We used whole-genome sequencing of ST882S and ST931R, the E. coli transconjugant, and isolated plasmid DNA to unequivocally show that ST882S and ST931R had identical chromosomes, both having 206 identical single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) versus S Typhimurium 14028s. We assembled a complete circular genome for ST931R, to which ST882S reads mapped with no SNPs. ST882S and ST931R were isogenic except for the presence of three additional plasmids in ST931R. ST931R and the E. coli transconjugant were ceftriaxone resistant due to the presence of a 60.5-kb IS26-flanked, blaCTX-M-27-encoding IncFII plasmid. Compared to 14082s, ST931R has almost identical Gifsy-1, Gifsy-2, and ST64B prophages, lacks Gifsy-3, and instead carries a unique Fels-2 prophage related to that found in LT2. ST882S and ST931R both had a 94-kb virulence plasmid showing >99% identity with pSLT14028s and a cryptic 3,904-bp replicon; ST931R also has cryptic 93-kb IncI1 and 62-kb IncI2 group plasmids. To the best of our knowledge, in vivo acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase resistance by S Typhimurium and blaCTX-M-27 genes in U.S. isolates of Salmonella have not previously been reported.
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Liakopoulos A, Mevius D, Ceccarelli D. A Review of SHV Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Neglected Yet Ubiquitous. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1374. [PMID: 27656166 PMCID: PMC5011133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactamases are the primary cause of resistance to β-lactams among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. SHV enzymes have emerged in Enterobacteriaceae causing infections in health care in the last decades of the Twentieth century, and they are now observed in isolates in different epidemiological settings both in human, animal and the environment. Likely originated from a chromosomal penicillinase of Klebsiella pneumoniae, SHV β-lactamases currently encompass a large number of allelic variants including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), non-ESBL and several not classified variants. SHV enzymes have evolved from a narrow- to an extended-spectrum of hydrolyzing activity, including monobactams and carbapenems, as a result of amino acid changes that altered the configuration around the active site of the β -lactamases. SHV-ESBLs are usually encoded by self-transmissible plasmids that frequently carry resistance genes to other drug classes and have become widespread throughout the world in several Enterobacteriaceae, emphasizing their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Liakopoulos
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen URLelystad, Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR Lelystad, Netherlands
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Oueslati W, Rjeibi MR, Mhadhbi M, Jbeli M, Zrelli S, Ettriqui A. Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. strains, isolated from beef in Greater Tunis (Tunisia). Meat Sci 2016; 119:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cummings KJ, Perkins GA, Khatibzadeh SM, Warnick LD, Aprea VA, Altier C. Antimicrobial resistance trends amongSalmonellaisolates obtained from horses in the northeastern United States (2001–2013). Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:505-13. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) have been discovered since 1998. Plasmid genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qnrVC code for proteins of the pentapeptide repeat family that protects DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone inhibition. The qnr genes appear to have been acquired from chromosomal genes in aquatic bacteria, are usually associated with mobilizing or transposable elements on plasmids, and are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. The second plasmid-mediated mechanism involves acetylation of quinolones with an appropriate amino nitrogen target by a variant of the common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib. The third mechanism is enhanced efflux produced by plasmid genes for pumps QepAB and OqxAB. PMQR has been found in clinical and environmental isolates around the world and appears to be spreading. The plasmid-mediated mechanisms provide only low-level resistance that by itself does not exceed the clinical breakpoint for susceptibility but nonetheless facilitates selection of higher-level resistance and makes infection by pathogens containing PMQR harder to treat.
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Barlow RS, Debess EE, Winthrop KL, Lapidus JA, Vega R, Cieslak PR. Travel-associated antimicrobial drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonellae, 2004-2009. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:603-11. [PMID: 24655581 PMCID: PMC3966386 DOI: 10.3201/eid2004.131063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate trends in and risk factors for acquisition of antimicrobial-drug resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, we searched Oregon surveillance data for 2004–2009 for all culture-confirmed cases of salmonellosis. We defined clinically important resistance (CIR) as decreased susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of 2,153 cases, 2,127 (99%) nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates were obtained from a specific source (e.g., feces, urine, blood, or other normally sterile tissue) and had been tested for drug susceptibility. Among these, 347 (16%) isolates had CIR. The odds of acquiring CIR infection significantly increased each year. Hospitalization was more likely for patients with than without CIR infections. Among patients with isolates that had been tested, we analyzed data from 1,813 (84%) who were interviewed. Travel to eastern or Southeast Asia was associated with increased CIR. Isolates associated with outbreaks were less likely to have CIR. Future surveillance activities should evaluate resistance with respect to international travel.
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Jay-Russell MT, Hake AF, Bengson Y, Thiptara A, Nguyen T. Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains isolated from stray dog and coyote feces in a major leafy greens production region at the United States-Mexico border. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113433. [PMID: 25412333 PMCID: PMC4239069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, Romaine lettuce grown in southern Arizona was implicated in a multi-state outbreak of Escherichia coli O145:H28 infections. This was the first known Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) outbreak traced to the southwest desert leafy green vegetable production region along the United States-Mexico border. Limited information exists on sources of STEC and other enteric zoonotic pathogens in domestic and wild animals in this region. According to local vegetable growers, unleashed or stray domestic dogs and free-roaming coyotes are a significant problem due to intrusions into their crop fields. During the 2010-2011 leafy greens growing season, we conducted a prevalence survey of STEC and Salmonella presence in stray dog and coyote feces. Fresh fecal samples from impounded dogs and coyotes from lands near produce fields were collected and cultured using extended enrichment and serogroup-specific immunomagnetic separation (IMS) followed by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 461 fecal samples were analyzed including 358 domestic dog and 103 coyote fecals. STEC was not detected, but atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strains comprising 14 different serotypes were isolated from 13 (3.6%) dog and 5 (4.9%) coyote samples. Salmonella was cultured from 33 (9.2%) dog and 33 (32%) coyote samples comprising 29 serovars with 58% from dogs belonging to Senftenberg or Typhimurium. PFGE analysis revealed 17 aEPEC and 27 Salmonella distinct pulsotypes. Four (22.2%) of 18 aEPEC and 4 (6.1%) of 66 Salmonella isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotic classes. Our findings suggest that stray dogs and coyotes in the desert southwest may not be significant sources of STEC, but are potential reservoirs of other pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella. These results underscore the importance of good agriculture practices relating to mitigation of microbial risks from animal fecal deposits in the produce production area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T. Jay-Russell
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis F. Hake
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yingjia Bengson
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tran Nguyen
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in Belgium, 2009 to 2013. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:544-52. [PMID: 25385108 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04203-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Belgian National Reference Centre for Salmonella received 16,544 human isolates of Salmonella enterica between January 2009 and December 2013. Although 377 different serotypes were identified, the landscape is dominated by S. enterica serovars Typhimurium (55%) and Enteritidis (19%) in a ratio which is inverse to European Union averages. With outbreaks of Salmonella serotypes Ohio, Stanley, and Paratyphi B variant Java as prime examples, 20 serotypes displayed significant fluctuations in this 5-year period. Typhoid strains account for 1.2% of Belgian salmonellosis cases. Large-scale antibiotic susceptibility analyses (n = 4,561; panel of 12 antibiotics) showed declining resistance levels in S. Enteritis and Typhimurium isolates for 8 and 3 tested agents, respectively. Despite low overall resistance to ciprofloxacin (4.4%) and cefotaxime (1.6%), we identified clonal lineages of Salmonella serotypes Kentucky and Infantis displaying rising resistance against these clinically important drugs. Quinolone resistance is mainly mediated by serotype-specific mutations in GyrA residues Ser83 and Asp87 (92.2% not wild type), while an additional ParC_Ser80Ile mutation leads to ciprofloxacin resistance in 95.5% S. Kentucky isolates, which exceeds European averages. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) alleles qnrA1 (n = 1), qnrS (n = 9), qnrD1 (n = 4), and qnrB (n = 4) were found in only 3.0% of 533 isolates resistant to nalidixic acid. In cefotaxime-resistant isolates, we identified a broad range of Ambler class A and C β-lactamase genes (e.g., bla(SHV-12), blaTEM-52, bla(CTX-M-14), and bla(CTX-M-15)) commonly associated with members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. In conclusion, resistance to fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime remains rare in human S. enterica, but clonal resistant serotypes arise, and continued (inter)national surveillance is mandatory to understand the origin and routes of dissemination thereof.
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Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from surface water in Southeastern United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6355-65. [PMID: 25107969 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02063-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica in surface water in the southeastern United States was conducted. A new scheme was developed for recovery of Salmonella from irrigation pond water and compared with the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (8th ed., 2014) (BAM) method. Fifty-one isolates were recovered from 10 irrigation ponds in produce farms over a 2-year period; nine Salmonella serovars were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, and the major serovar was Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport, n = 29), followed by S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (n = 6), S. enterica serovar Muenchen (n = 4), S. enterica serovar Javiana (n = 3), S. enterica serovar Thompson (n = 2), and other serovars. It is noteworthy that the PulseNet patterns of some of the isolates were identical to those of the strains that were associated with the S. Thompson outbreaks in 2010, 2012, and 2013, S. Enteritidis outbreaks in 2011 and 2013, and an S. Javiana outbreak in 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed 16 S. Newport isolates of the multidrug resistant-AmpC (MDR-AmpC) phenotype, which exhibited resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT), and to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generations of cephalosporins (cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ceftriaxone). Moreover, the S. Newport MDR-AmpC isolates had a PFGE pattern indistinguishable from the patterns of the isolates from clinical settings. These findings suggest that the irrigation water may be a potential source of contamination of Salmonella in fresh produce. The new Salmonella isolation scheme significantly increased recovery efficiency from 21.2 (36/170) to 29.4% (50/170) (P = 0.0002) and streamlined the turnaround time from 5 to 9 days with the BAM method to 4 days and thus may facilitate microbiological analysis of environmental water.
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Wasyl D, Hoszowski A, Zając M. Prevalence and characterisation of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Salmonella spp. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Long-term dissemination of CTX-M-5-producing hypermutable Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5202-10. [PMID: 24957829 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02506-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. The genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates belong to sequence type 328 (ST328) and produce CTX-M-5 β-lactamase, whose gene is carried by highly related non-self-conjugative but mobilizable plasmids. Resistance to nalidixic acid and low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin is present in 37 (42%) of the isolates and in all cases is determined by various single point mutations in the gyrA gene quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR). Isolates of the described clonal group exhibit a hypermutable phenotype that probably facilitates independent acquisition of quinolone resistance mutations.
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Fàbrega A, Soto SM, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Fernández-Orth D, Jiménez de Anta MT, Vila J. Impact of quinolone-resistance acquisition on biofilm production and fitness in Salmonella enterica. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1815-24. [PMID: 24706735 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential relationship between quinolone resistance and biofilm production in a collection of Salmonella enterica clinical isolates and in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium serial mutants with increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin. METHODS Nalidixic acid susceptibility and biofilm formation were assessed in a collection of 122 S. enterica clinical isolates. An in vitro quinolone-resistant mutant, 59-64, was obtained from a biofilm-producing and quinolone-susceptible clinical isolate, 59-wt, in a multistep selection process after increasing ciprofloxacin concentrations. The quinolone resistance mechanisms [target gene and multidrug resistance (MDR) regulatory mutations, MICs of several antibiotics, cell envelope protein analysis, real-time PCR and ciprofloxacin accumulation] were characterized for mutant strains. In addition, analysis of fitness, biofilm formation, rdar morphotype and expression of biofilm-related genes by real-time PCR were also determined. RESULTS Nalidixic acid-susceptible S. enterica strains were more prevalent in producing biofilm than the resistant counterparts. Strain 59-64 acquired five target gene mutations and showed an MDR phenotype. AcrAB and acrF overexpression were ruled out, whereas TolC did show increased expression in 59-64, which, in addition, accumulated less ciprofloxacin. Consistently, increased ramA expression was seen in 59-64 and attributed to a mutation within its promoter. Reduced biofilm production related to diminished csgB expression as well as reduced fitness was seen for 59-64, which was unable to form the rdar morphotype. CONCLUSIONS Quinolone resistance acquisition may be associated with decreased production of biofilm due to lower csgB expression. Efflux, biofilm production and fitness seem to be interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fàbrega
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara M Soto
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ballesté-Delpierre
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dietmar Fernández-Orth
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Jiménez de Anta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abraham S, Groves MD, Trott DJ, Chapman TA, Turner B, Hornitzky M, Jordan D. Salmonella enterica isolated from infections in Australian livestock remain susceptible to critical antimicrobials. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:126-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martínez-Martínez L, Eliecer Cano M, Manuel Rodríguez-Martínez J, Calvo J, Pascual Á. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 6:685-711. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.5.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Burke L, Hopkins KL, Meunier D, de Pinna E, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Humphreys H, Woodford N. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in human non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from England and Wales, 2010-12. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:977-81. [PMID: 24288030 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the mechanism(s) underlying cefotaxime resistance in 118 of 21,641 (0.55%) non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates collected from humans throughout England and Wales from January 2010 to September 2012. METHODS Non-duplicate isolates (n = 118) resistant to cefotaxime (MICs >1 mg/L) were screened by PCR for genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and associated ISEcp1-like elements, and for genes encoding acquired AmpC, SHV, TEM, VEB, PER and GES β-lactamases. Sequencing was used to identify specific alleles in selected isolates. Carbapenem resistance was sought by ertapenem disc screening. RESULTS Seventy-nine isolates (0.37% of all referred S. enterica) produced ESBLs, 37 isolates (0.17%) produced CMY-type AmpC enzymes, and 1 isolate had both enzyme types; the mechanism of cefotaxime resistance in 3 isolates could not be identified. Group 1 CTX-M genes were identified in 57 isolates belonging to 22 serotypes, with CTX-M-1 (n = 11), -15 (n = 9) and -55/57 (n = 8) the most prevalent alleles among the 29 (51%) investigated. CTX-M-2 (n = 5), -14 (n = 5), -8 (n = 1) and -65 (n = 1) were also identified. TEM-52 was identified in two isolates and SHV-12 in seven isolates. There was no evidence of carbapenem resistance. ESBL and AmpC genes were detected in both domestically acquired and travel-associated salmonellae. Eighty-nine isolates (75%) were multidrug resistant (resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes) and 42 (36%) had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs 0.25-1 mg/L), with a further 13 (11%) isolates resistant (MICs >1 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CTX-M and acquired AmpC genes in human non-typhoidal S. enterica from England and Wales is still low, but has increased from 0.03% in 2001-03 to 0.49% in 2010-12. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins requires monitoring as it may reduce therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Burke
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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48
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Taneja N, Appannanavar SB, Kumar A, Varma G, Kumar Y, Mohan B, Sharma M. Serotype profile and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from gastroenteritis cases over nine years. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:66-73. [PMID: 24149623 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.061416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is emerging worldwide. We report the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes in 53.4 % of NTS isolated over a period of nine years from gastroenteritis cases. ESBL and AmpC co-production was observed in 21 % of the isolates. Occurrence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 resistance genes was observed in 11.6 % and 37 % of the isolates respectively. Overall, Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg was the predominant serovar carrying blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 resistance genes. We report for the first time from India, one isolate each of S. enterica serovar Thompson, S. enterica serovar Infantis and S. enterica serovar Newport, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene. We also report for the first time from India, a case of gastroenteritis due to S. enterica serovar Thompson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suma B Appannanavar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Varma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- National Salmonella and Escherichia Serotyping Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meera Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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49
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Pesciaroli M, Gradassi M, Martinelli N, Ruggeri J, Pistoia C, Raffatellu M, Magistrali CF, Battistoni A, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Vaccine 2013; 31:2868-73. [PMID: 23623860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat contamination by Salmonella spp. is emerging as a major cause of human enteric infections in industrialized countries. The attempts to reduce human cases of salmonellosis encompass pre- and post-harvest interventions. In this context, vaccination of pigs may represent an effective instrument in eliminating/reducing Salmonella burden through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated that Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the ZnuABC transporter (S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC) is a promising candidate live vaccine in different mouse models of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. In this study, we confirmed in pigs the attenuation of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC. Moreover, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC administered to pigs by the oral route. We monitored clinical conditions of animals and we conducted a microbiological culture and a quantification of the humoral and cellular immune response, respectively, on fecal and blood samples of pigs. After vaccination with attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC, pigs showed a modest degree of hyperthermia. In addition, fecal shedding of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could not be detected 28 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, vaccination with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC elicited a distinct production of anti-Salmonella antibodies and IFN-γ. Taken together, these results suggest that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Although the vaccine dosages do not guarantee complete safety there is ample margin to set up better conditions of use, suggesting that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could be a promising attenuated strain to be used as live mucosal vaccine for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pesciaroli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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50
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Medalla F, Hoekstra RM, Whichard JM, Barzilay EJ, Chiller TM, Joyce K, Rickert R, Krueger A, Stuart A, Griffin PM. Increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and decrease in multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains, United States, 1996-2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:302-9. [PMID: 23464603 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a major bacterial pathogen transmitted commonly through food. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents (e.g., ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin) used to treat serious Salmonella infections threatens the utility of these agents. Infection with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been associated with increased risk of severe infection, hospitalization, and death. We describe changes in antimicrobial resistance among nontyphoidal Salmonella in the United States from 1996 through 2009. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System conducts surveillance of resistance among Salmonella isolated from humans. From 1996 through 2009, public health laboratories submitted isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We used interpretive criteria from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and defined isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance or intermediate susceptibility as nonsusceptible to ciprofloxacin. Using logistic regression, we modeled annual data to assess changes in antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS From 1996 through 2009, the percentage of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates resistant to ceftriaxone increased from 0.2% to 3.4% (odds ratio [OR]=20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3-64), and the percentage with nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin increased from 0.4% to 2.4% (OR=8.3, 95% CI 3.3-21). The percentage of isolates that were multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) decreased from 17% to 9.6% (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7), which was driven mainly by a decline among serotype Typhimurium. However, multidrug resistance increased from 5.9% in 1996 to a peak of 31% in 2001 among serotype Newport and increased from 12% in 1996 to 26% in 2009 (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.2) among serotype Heidelberg. CONCLUSIONS We describe an increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and an overall decline in multidrug resistance. Trends varied by serotype. Because of evidence that antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella is predominantly a consequence of antimicrobial use in food animals, efforts are needed to reduce unnecessary use, especially of critically important agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Medalla
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
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