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Yang B, Borgert BA, Alto BW, Boohene CK, Brew J, Deutsch K, DeValerio JT, Dinglasan RR, Dixon D, Faella JM, Fisher-Grainger SL, Glass GE, Hayes R, Hoel DF, Horton A, Janusauskaite A, Kellner B, Kraemer MUG, Lucas KJ, Medina J, Morreale R, Petrie W, Reiner RC, Riles MT, Salje H, Smith DL, Smith JP, Solis A, Stuck J, Vasquez C, Williams KF, Xue RD, Cummings DAT. Modelling distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using climate, host density and interspecies competition. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009063. [PMID: 33764975 PMCID: PMC8051819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Florida faces the challenge of repeated introduction and autochthonous transmission of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Empirically-based predictive models of the spatial distribution of these species would aid surveillance and vector control efforts. To predict the occurrence and abundance of these species, we fit a mixed-effects zero-inflated negative binomial regression to a mosquito surveillance dataset with records from more than 200,000 trap days, representative of 53% of the land area and ranging from 2004 to 2018 in Florida. We found an asymmetrical competitive interaction between adult populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for the sampled sites. Wind speed was negatively associated with the occurrence and abundance of both vectors. Our model predictions show high accuracy (72.9% to 94.5%) in validation tests leaving out a random 10% subset of sites and data since 2017, suggesting a potential for predicting the distribution of the two Aedes vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Borgert
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carl K. Boohene
- Polk County Mosquito Control, Parks and Natural Resources Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joe Brew
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kelly Deutsch
- Orange County Government, Florida, Orange County Mosquito Control Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - James T. DeValerio
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Bradford County Extension, Starke, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Faella
- Brevard County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory E. Glass
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Reginald Hayes
- Palm Beach County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - David F. Hoel
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Austin Horton
- Gulf County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Agne Janusauskaite
- Pasco County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bill Kellner
- Citrus County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Moritz U. G. Kraemer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keira J. Lucas
- Collier Mosquito Control District, Naples, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rachel Morreale
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Riles
- Beach Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Henrik Salje
- Mathematical Modelling Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David L. Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John P. Smith
- Florida State University, Panama City, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amy Solis
- Clarke: Aquatic and Mosquito Control Services and Products, St. Charles, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason Stuck
- Pinellas County Mosquito Control, Stormwater and Vegetation Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Katie F. Williams
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Brevard County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Derek A. T. Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Pollett S, Fauver JR, Berry IM, Melendrez M, Morrison A, Gillis LD, Johansson MA, Jarman RG, Grubaugh ND. Genomic Epidemiology as a Public Health Tool to Combat Mosquito-Borne Virus Outbreaks. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S308-S318. [PMID: 31711190 PMCID: PMC11095994 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies, exponential increases in the availability of virus genomic data, and ongoing advances in phylogenomic methods have made genomic epidemiology an increasingly powerful tool for public health response to a range of mosquito-borne virus outbreaks. In this review, we offer a brief primer on the scope and methods of phylogenomic analyses that can answer key epidemiological questions during mosquito-borne virus public health emergencies. We then focus on case examples of outbreaks, including those caused by dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, and chikungunya viruses, to demonstrate the utility of genomic epidemiology to support the prevention and control of mosquito-borne virus threats. We extend these case studies with operational perspectives on how to best incorporate genomic epidemiology into structured surveillance and response programs for mosquito-borne virus control. Many tools for genomic epidemiology already exist, but so do technical and nontechnical challenges to advancing their use. Frameworks to support the rapid sharing of multidimensional data and increased cross-sector partnerships, networks, and collaborations can support advancement on all scales, from research and development to implementation by public health agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J. R. Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irina Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | - L. D. Gillis
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories–Miami, Florida Department of Health
| | - M. A. Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - R. G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - N. D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Santiago GA, González GL, Cruz-López F, Muñoz-Jordan JL. Development of a Standardized Sanger-Based Method for Partial Sequencing and Genotyping of Dengue Viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e01957-18. [PMID: 30760533 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01957-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of dengue viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4) has contributed to the divergence, transmission, and establishment of genetic lineages of epidemiological concern; however, tracking the phylogenetic relationships of these virus is not always possible due to the inability of standardized sequencing procedures in resource-limited public health laboratories. Consequently, public genomic data banks contain inadequate representation of geographical regions and historical periods. In order to improve detection of the DENV-1 to DENV-4 lineages, we report the development of a serotype-specific Sanger-based method standardized to sequence DENV-1 to DENV-4 directly from clinical samples using universal primers that detect most DENV genotypes. The resulting envelope protein coding sequences are analyzed for genotyping with phylogenetic methods. We evaluated the performance of this method by detecting, amplifying, and sequencing 54 contemporary DENV isolates, including 29 clinical samples, representing a variety of genotypes of epidemiological importance and global presence. All specimens were sequenced successfully and phylogenetic reconstructions resulted in the expected genotype classification. To further improve genomic surveillance in regions where dengue is endemic, this method was transferred to 16 public health laboratories in 13 Latin American countries, to date. Our objective is to provide an accessible method that facilitates the integration of genomics with dengue surveillance.
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Pollett S, Melendrez MC, Maljkovic Berry I, Duchêne S, Salje H, Cummings DAT, Jarman RG. Understanding dengue virus evolution to support epidemic surveillance and counter-measure development. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 62:279-295. [PMID: 29704626 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a profound burden of morbidity and mortality, and its global burden is rising due to the co-circulation of four divergent DENV serotypes in the ecological context of globalization, travel, climate change, urbanization, and expansion of the geographic range of the Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus vectors. Understanding DENV evolution offers valuable opportunities to enhance surveillance and response to DENV epidemics via advances in RNA virus sequencing, bioinformatics, phylogenetic and other computational biology methods. Here we provide a scoping overview of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of DENV and the range of ways that evolutionary analyses can be applied as a public health tool against this arboviral pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - M C Melendrez
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - I Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - S Duchêne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Salje
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A T Cummings
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - R G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Londono-Renteria B, Troupin A, Cardenas JC, Hall A, Perez OG, Cardenas L, Hartstone-Rose A, Halstead SB, Colpitts TM. A relevant in vitro human model for the study of Zika virus antibody-dependent enhancement. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1702-1712. [PMID: 28691657 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently been responsible for a serious outbreak of disease in South and Central America. Infection with ZIKV has been associated with severe neurological symptoms and the development of microcephaly in unborn fetuses. Many of the regions involved in the current outbreak are known to be endemic for another flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV), which indicates that a large percentage of the population may have pre-existing DENV immunity. Thus, it is vital to investigate what impact pre-existing DENV immunity has on ZIKV infection. Here, we use primary human myeloid cells as a model for ZIKV enhancement in the presence of DENV antibodies. We show that sera containing DENV antibodies from individuals living in a DENV-endemic area are able to enhance ZIKV infection in a human macrophage-derived cell line and primary human macrophages. We also demonstrate altered pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages with enhanced ZIKV infection. Our study indicates an important role for pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV infection in primary human immune cells and establishes a relevant in vitro model to study ZIKV antibody-dependent enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,Present address: Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jenny C Cardenas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Los Patios, Los Patios, Colombia, South America
| | - Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Omar G Perez
- Grupo de Investigacion en Enfermedades Parasitarias (GIEPATI), Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, South America
| | - Lucio Cardenas
- Grupo de Investigacion en Enfermedades Parasitarias (GIEPATI), Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, South America
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA.,Present address: Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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6
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Ambrose JH, Sekaran SD, Azizan A. Dengue Virus NS1 Protein as a Diagnostic Marker: Commercially Available ELISA and Comparison to qRT-PCR and Serological Diagnostic Assays Currently Used by the State of Florida. J Trop Med 2017; 2017:8072491. [PMID: 28740517 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8072491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proper management of patients infected with dengue virus requires early detection. Here, real-time molecular assays have proven useful but have limitations, whereas ELISAs that detect antibodies are still favored but results are obtained too late to be of clinical value. The production of DENV NS1 peaks early during infection and its detection can combine the advantages of both diagnostic approaches. Methods This study compared assays currently used for detecting DENV infection at the Florida Department of Health including anti-DENV IgM and IgG ELISAs as well as qRT-PCR, against a commercially available DENV NS1 ELISA. These comparisons were made among a group of 21 human sera. Results Nine of 14 (64.3%) DENV qRT-PCR+ samples were also DENV NS1+. Interestingly, the 5 NS1− samples that were qRT-PCR+ were additionally IgM− and IgG+ suggesting a nonprimary infection. Compared to qRT-PCR, the NS1 assay had a sensitivity of 64.3%, specificity 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 58.3%. Conclusions The NS1 ELISA performed as expected in known DENV qRT-PCR+ samples; however negative NS1 results for qRT-PCR+ and IgG+ sera seemingly reduced the usefulness of the NS1 ELISA for nonprimary cases. We therefore conclude that diagnosis obtained via DENV NS1 ELISA deserves further investigation.
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Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes significant global human disease and mortality. One approach to develop treatments for DENV infection and the prevention of severe disease is through investigation of natural medicines. Inflammation plays both beneficial and harmful roles during DENV infection. Studies have proposed that the oxidative stress response may be one mechanism responsible for triggering inflammation during DENV infection. Thus, blocking the oxidative stress response could reduce inflammation and the development of severe disease. Garlic has been shown to both reduce inflammation and affect the oxidative stress response. Here, we show that the garlic active compounds diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS) and alliin reduced inflammation during DENV infection and show that this reduction is due to the effects on the oxidative stress response. These results suggest that garlic could be used as an alternative treatment for DENV infection and for the prevention of severe disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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Pruszynski CA, Hribar LJ, Mickle R, Leal AL. A Large Scale Biorational Approach Using Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Strain AM65-52) for Managing Aedes aegypti Populations to Prevent Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Transmission. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170079. [PMID: 28199323 PMCID: PMC5310849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a container-inhabiting mosquito and a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In 2009 several cases of autochthonous dengue transmission were reported in Key West, Florida, USA prompting a comprehensive response to control A. aegypti. In Key West, larvae of this mosquito develop in containers around human habitations which can be numerous and labor intensive to find and treat. Aerial applications of larvicide covering large areas in a short time can be an efficient and economical method to control A. aegypti. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a bacterial larvicide which is highly target specific and appropriate for wide area spraying over urban areas, but to date, there are no studies that evaluate aerial spraying of Bti to control container mosquitoes like A. aegypti. Methodology This paper examines the effectiveness of aerial larvicide applications using VectoBac® WG, a commercially available Bti formulation, for A. aegypti control in an urban setting in the USA. Droplet characteristics and spray drop deposition were evaluated in Key West, Florida, USA. The mortality of A. aegypti in containers placed under canopy in an urban environment was also evaluated. Efficacy of multiple larvicide applications on adult female A. aegypti population reduction was compared between an untreated control and treatment site. Conclusions Droplet characteristics showed that small droplets can penetrate through dense canopy to reach small containers. VectoBac WG droplets reached small containers under heavy canopy in sufficient amounts to cause > 55% mortality on all application days and >90% mortality on 3 of 5 application days while controls had <5% mortality. Aerial applications of VectoBac WG caused significant decrease in adult female populations throughout the summer and during the 38th week (last application) the difference in adult female numbers between untreated and treated sites was >50%. Aerial larvicide applications using VectoBac WG can cover wide areas in a short period of time and can be effective in controlling A. aegypti and reducing A. aegypti-borne transmission in urban areas similar to Key West, Florida, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Pruszynski
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, College Road, Key West, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J Hribar
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, College Road, Key West, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Mickle
- REMSpC Spray Consulting, Welsh Drive, Ayr, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea L Leal
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, College Road, Key West, Florida, United States of America
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10
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Troupin A, Shirley D, Londono-Renteria B, Watson AM, McHale C, Hall A, Hartstone-Rose A, Klimstra WB, Gomez G, Colpitts TM. A Role for Human Skin Mast Cells in Dengue Virus Infection and Systemic Spread. J Immunol 2016; 197:4382-4391. [PMID: 27799312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious global human disease and mortality. Skin immune cells are an important component of initial DENV infection and systemic spread. Here, we show that mast cells are a target of DENV in human skin and that DENV infection of skin mast cells induces degranulation and alters cytokine and growth factor expression profiles. Importantly, to our knowledge, we also demonstrate for the first time that DENV localizes within secretory granules in infected skin mast cells. In addition, DENV within extracellular granules was infectious in vitro and in vivo, trafficking through lymph to draining lymph nodes in mice. We demonstrate an important role for human skin mast cells in DENV infection and identify a novel mechanism for systemic spread of DENV infection from the initial peripheral mosquito injection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Devon Shirley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
| | - Cody McHale
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - William B Klimstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
| | - Gregorio Gomez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209;
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de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Mir D, Dos Santos FB, Bello G. Evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV-1 genotype V in the Americas. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 45:454-460. [PMID: 27713055 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The genotype V has been the most prevalent dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) clade circulating in the Americas over the last 40years. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of emergence and dissemination of DENV-1 lineages in the continent. We applied phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches to a comprehensive data set of 836 DENV-1 E gene sequences of the genotype V isolated from 46 different countries around the world over a period of 50years (1962 to 2014). Our study reveals that genetic diversity of DENV-1 genotype V in the Americas resulted from two independent introductions of this genotype from India. The first genotype V strain was most probably introduced into the Lesser Antilles at around the early 1970s and this Caribbean region becomes the source population of several DENV-1 lineages that spread in the Americas during the 1970s and 1980s. Most of those lineages appear to become extinct during the 1990s, except one that persisted in Venezuela and later spread to other American countries, dominating the DENV-1 epidemics in the region from the early 2000s onwards. The second genotype V strain of Indian origin was also most probably introduced into the Lesser Antilles at around the early 1980s. This lineage remained almost undetected for nearly 15years, until it was introduced in Northern Brazil around the middle 1990s and later spread to other country regions. These results demonstrate that different geographic regions have played a role in maintaining and spreading the DENV-1 genotype V in the Americas over time. DENV-1 genotype V lineages have originated, spread and died out in the Americas with very different dynamics and the phenomenon of lineage replacement across successive DENV-1 epidemic outbreaks was a common characteristic in most American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Bruycker-Nogueira
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiana Mir
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Barreto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Christofferson RC, Mores CN. Potential for Extrinsic Incubation Temperature to Alter Interplay Between Transmission Potential and Mortality of Dengue-Infected Aedes aegypti. Environ Health Insights 2016; 10:119-123. [PMID: 27478382 PMCID: PMC4961054 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s38345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic incubation period is a critical component in the assessment of arboviral transmission potential. It defines the time it takes for a mosquito to become infectious following exposure to an arbovirus. Since this is a temporal process, the lifespan of a mosquito is intimately tied to the extrinsic incubation period and thus transmission potential of these viruses. Temperature is a known effector of both vector competence (the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen) and mosquito mortality, but the interaction among temperature, vector competence, and mosquito mortality is not well characterized. Herein, we investigate this interaction for dengue virus, serotype 2, and its primary vector Aedes aegypti where we found that at 30 °C, infection and/or dissemination shortened the average lifespan of the mosquito and that when considering only mosquitoes with a disseminated infection, those incubated at 26 °C lived significantly longer.
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de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Nogueira RMR, Faria NRDC, Simões JBS, Nunes PCG, de Filippis AMB, dos Santos FB. Insights of the genetic diversity of DENV-1 detected in Brazil in 25 years: Analysis of the envelope domain III allows lineages characterization. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 34:126-36. [PMID: 26160541 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) was first isolated in Brazil in 1986 in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and during 25years, this serotype emerged and re-emerged causing explosive epidemics in the country. Here, we aimed to present the phylogeny and molecular characterization based on the envelope gene (E) of DENV-1 (n=48) isolated during epidemics occurred from 1986 to 2011. Six full coding region genomes of DENV-1 were fully sequenced and possible genomic recombination events were analyzed. The results showed that the Brazilian DENV-1 isolates analyzed belong to genotype V (Americas/Africa), but grouping into distinct clades. Three groups were identified, one dating from 1986 to 2002 (lineage 1a), a second group isolated from 2009 to 2011 and a representative strain isolated in 2002 (lineage 2), and a group of strains isolated from 2010 to 2011 (lineage 1b). The lineages 1a and 1b were more closely related to the American strains, while lineage 2 to the Asian strains. Amino acids (aa) substitutions were observed in the domains I and III of the E protein and were associated to the lineages segregation. A substitution on E297 differentiated the lineage 1a from the lineages 1b and 2. Substitutions on E338, E394 (domain III), E428 and E436 (stem region) differentiated lineages 1a, 1b and 2. With the exception of the C gene, all the others genes analyzed allowed the DENV-1 classification into the distinct genotypes. Interestingly, the E gene's domain III and stem regions alone were able to characterize the distinct lineages, as observed by the analysis of the entire E gene and the complete coding region. No recombinant events were detected, but a strain belonging to lineage 1a was closely related to a known recombinant strain (AF513110/BR/2001).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratory of Flavivirus, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Laboratory of Flavivirus, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Barreto dos Santos
- Laboratory of Flavivirus, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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da Moura AJF, de Melo Santos MAV, Oliveira CMF, Guedes DRD, de Carvalho-Leandro D, da Cruz Brito ML, Rocha HDR, Gómez LF, Ayres CFJ. Vector competence of the Aedes aegypti population from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to different serotypes of dengue virus. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:114. [PMID: 25888847 PMCID: PMC4344750 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), whose main vectors are the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. A. aegypti is the only DENV vector in Cape Verde, an African country that suffered its first outbreak of dengue in 2009. However, little is known about the variation in the level of vector competence of this mosquito population to the different DENV serotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of A. aegypti from the island of Santiago, Cape Verde, to four DENV serotypes and to detect DENV vertical transmission. Methods Mosquitoes were fed on blood containing DENV serotypes and were dissected at 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) to detect the virus in the midgut, head and salivary glands (SG) using RT-PCR. Additionally, the number of copies of viral RNA present in the SG was determined by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, eggs were collected in the field and adult mosquitoes obtained were analyzed by RT-PCR and the platelia dengue NS1 antigen kit to detect transovarial transmission. Results High rates of SG infection were observed for DENV-2 and DENV-3 whereas for DENV-1, viral RNA was only detected in the midgut and head. DENV-4 did not spread to the head or SG, maintaining the infection only in the midgut. The number of viral RNA copies in the SG did not vary significantly between DENV-2 and DENV-3 or among the different periods of incubation and the various titers of DENV tested. With respect to DENV surveillance in mosquitoes obtained from the eggs collected in the field, no samples were positive. Conclusion Although no DENV positive samples were collected from the field in 2014, it is important to highlight that the A. aegypti population from Santiago Islands exhibited different degrees of susceptibility to DENV serotypes. This population showed a high vector competence for DENV-2 and DENV-3 strains and a low susceptibility to DENV-1 and DENV-4. Viral RNA copies in the SG remained constant for at least 21 dpi, which may enhance the vector capacity of A. aegypti and suggests the presence of a mechanism modulating virus replication in the SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aires Januário Fernandes da Moura
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- PE, Brasil. .,Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget, Cape Verde.
| | | | | | | | - Danilo de Carvalho-Leandro
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- PE, Brasil. .,Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Recife, Brasil.
| | | | - Hélio Daniel Ribeiro Rocha
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- PE, Brasil. .,Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget, Cape Verde.
| | - Lara Ferrero Gómez
- Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget, Cape Verde.
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Alto BW, Smartt CT, Shin D, Bettinardi D, Malicoate J, Anderson SL, Richards SL. Susceptibility of Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to dengue viruses from Puerto Rico. J Vector Ecol 2014; 39:406-13. [PMID: 25424270 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Locally acquired dengue cases in the continental U.S. are rare. However, outbreaks of dengue-1 during 2009, 2010, and 2013 in Florida and dengue-1 and -2 in Texas suggest vulnerability to transmission. Travel and commerce between Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland is common, which may pose a risk for traveler-imported dengue cases. Mosquitoes were collected in Florida and used to evaluate their susceptibility to dengue viruses (DENV) from Puerto Rico. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were susceptible to virus infection with DENV-1 and -2. No significant differences were observed in rates of midgut infection or dissemination between Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus for DENV-1 (6-14%). Aedes aegypti was significantly more susceptible to midgut infection with DENV-2 than Ae. albopictus (Ae. aegypti, ∼28%; Ae. albopictus, ∼9%). The dissemination rate with dengue-2 virus for Ae. aegypti (23%) was greater than Ae. albopictus (0%), suggesting that Ae. albopictus is not likely to be an important transmitter of the DENV-2 isolate from Puerto Rico. These results are discussed in light of Florida's vulnerability to DENV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Alto
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, U.S.A..
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Li XF, Ye Q, Qin CF. Dengue vaccine development: challenges and emerging opportunities. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xao-Feng Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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Teets FD, Ramgopal MN, Sweeney KD, Graham AS, Michael SF, Isern S. Origin of the dengue virus outbreak in Martin County, Florida, USA 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1-2:2-8. [PMID: 25664240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
After a 75-year absence from Florida, substantial local transmission of dengue virus (DENV) occurred in Key West, Monroe County, Florida in 2009 and continued in 2010. The outbreak culminated in 85 reported cases. In 2011 and 2012, only isolated cases of local DENV transmission were reported in Florida, none were reported in Key West. In 2013, a new outbreak occurred, but this time in Martin County about 275 miles North of Key West with 22 reported cases. As the Key West and Martin County outbreaks involved DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1), we wanted to investigate whether the same strain or a different strain of DENV was responsible for the outbreaks. In this study, we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the E generegion from a patient diagnosed with dengue in Martin County. Our results indicate that the 2013 Martin County DENV-1 strain is distinct from the 2009-2010 Key West DENV-1 and that it is most closely related to viruses from a recent expansion of South American DENV-1 strains into the Caribbean. We conclude that the 2013 Martin County outbreak was the result of a new introduction of DENV-1 in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Teets
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965
| | - Moti N Ramgopal
- Martin Health System Center for Clinical Research, 10000 SW Innovation Way, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Kristen D Sweeney
- Martin Health System Center for Clinical Research, 10000 SW Innovation Way, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Amanda S Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965
| | - Scott F Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965
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BUCKNER EVAA, ALTO BARRYW, LOUNIBOS LPHILIP. Vertical transmission of Key West dengue-1 virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from Florida. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:1291-7. [PMID: 24843934 PMCID: PMC4031614 DOI: 10.1603/me13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2009 and 2010 dengue-1 (DENV-1) outbreaks in Key West, FL, we used Florida Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes and DENV-1 isolated from Key West in 2010 to test the hypothesis that if the 2009 and 2010 DENV-1 genome sequences are similar, then vertical transmission of DENV-1 from infected Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes to their eggs could have served as an interepidemic reservoir between outbreaks. We also investigated the ability of Florida Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes to vertically transmit DENV-1. In addition, we determined the rates of infection and dissemination of these Florida mosquito species for DENV-1 and the effect of DENV-1 infection on oviposition success and number of mosquito eggs laid by females. Vertical transmission of DENV-1 was documented, with rates of 11.11% (2 out of 18) for Ae. albopictus and 8.33% (3 out of 36) for Ae. aegypti. Approximately 93% (111 out of 119) of Ae. aegypti that fed on DENV-1 in blood became infected, and 80% (89 out of 111) of infections were disseminated. Similarly, 93% of Ae. albopictus became infected (53 out of 57), and 85% (45 out of 53) of infections were disseminated. No significant differences were detected in numbers of eggs laid by either species after imbibing DENV-1 in blood, suggesting little cost of infection on number of eggs laid. Our results demonstrate that Florida Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are competent vectors for DENV-1, whose maintenance between the 2009 and 2010 Key West outbreaks may have been facilitated by vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- EVA A. BUCKNER
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
- Corresponding author,
| | - BARRY W. ALTO
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
| | - L. PHILIP LOUNIBOS
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
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Shin D, Richards SL, Alto BW, Bettinardi DJ, Smartt CT. Genome sequence analysis of dengue virus 1 isolated in Key West, Florida. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74582. [PMID: 24098658 PMCID: PMC3787005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes. In November 2010, a dengue outbreak was reported in Monroe County in southern Florida (FL), including greater than 20 confirmed human cases. The virus collected from the human cases was verified as DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and one isolate was provided for sequence analysis. RNA was extracted from the DENV-1 isolate and was used in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify PCR fragments to sequence. Nucleic acid primers were designed to generate overlapping PCR fragments that covered the entire genome. The DENV-1 isolate found in Key West (KW), FL was sequenced for whole genome characterization. Sequence assembly, Genbank searches, and recombination analyses were performed to verify the identity of the genome sequences and to determine percent similarity to known DENV-1 sequences. We show that the KW DENV-1 strain is 99% identical to Nicaraguan and Mexican DENV-1 strains. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses suggest that the DENV-1 isolated in KW originated from Nicaragua (NI) and the KW strain may circulate in KW. Also, recombination analysis results detected recombination events in the KW strain compared to DENV-1 strains from Puerto Rico. We evaluate the relative growth of KW strain of DENV-1 compared to other dengue viruses to determine whether the underlying genetics of the strain is associated with a replicative advantage, an important consideration since local transmission of DENV may result because domestic tourism can spread DENVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Shin
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie L. Richards
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - David J. Bettinardi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chelsea T. Smartt
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
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Chu PY, Ke GM, Chen PC, Liu LT, Tsai YC, Tsai JJ. Spatiotemporal dynamics and epistatic interaction sites in dengue virus type 1: a comprehensive sequence-based analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74165. [PMID: 24040199 PMCID: PMC3767619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing threat of dengue fever necessitates a comprehensive characterisation of its epidemiological trends. Phylogenetic and recombination events were reconstructed based on 100 worldwide dengue virus (DENV) type 1 genome sequences with an outgroup (prototypes of DENV2-4). The phylodynamic characteristics and site-specific variation were then analysed using data without the outgroup. Five genotypes (GI-GV) and a ladder-like structure with short terminal branch topology were observed in this study. Apparently, the transmission of DENV1 was geographically random before gradual localising with human activity as GI-GIII in South Asia, GIV in the South Pacific, and GV in the Americas. Genotypes IV and V have recently shown higher population densities compared to older genotypes. All codon regions and all tree branches were skewed toward a negative selection, which indicated that their variation was restricted by protein function. Notably, multi-epistatic interaction sites were found in both PrM 221 and NS3 1730. Recombination events accumulated in regions E, NS3-NS4A, and particularly in region NS5. The estimated coevolution pattern also highlights the need for further study of the biological role of protein PrM 221 and NS3 1730. The recent transmission of emergent GV sublineages into Central America and Europe mandates closely monitoring of genotype interaction and succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ming Ke
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Teh Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Añez G, Rios M. Dengue in the United States of America: a worsening scenario? Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:678645. [PMID: 23865061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/678645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a febrile illness caused by any of the four dengue virus types (DENV-1 to -4, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. DENV can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Dengue has been historically present in the continental United States (US), in the state of Hawaii, and in the US insular territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific. During the second half of the 20th century, most of the cases reported in the US were imported cases brought to the country by travelers. Since 2009, cases of autochthonous dengue have been recognized in the state of Florida after 75 years of absence, followed by intensification of transmission in endemic places including the US territories of US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, which experienced a large dengue epidemic in 2010. The widespread distribution of dengue mosquito vectors, deficient mosquito control measures and increased frequency of DENV-infected visitors to the US coming from dengue-endemic locations or places experiencing epidemics appear to be jointly responsible for the emergence and reemergence of dengue in the US and its territories.
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