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Alexander J, Wilke ABB, Mantero A, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Kumar N, Beier JC. Using machine learning to understand microgeographic determinants of the Zika vector, Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265472. [PMID: 36584050 PMCID: PMC9803113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data on why the 2016 Zika outbreak in Miami-Dade County, Florida was confined to certain neighborhoods. In this research, Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of Zika virus, are studied to examine neighborhood-level differences in their population dynamics and underlying processes. Weekly mosquito data were acquired from the Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division from 2016 to 2020 from 172 traps deployed around Miami-Dade County. Using random forest, a machine learning method, predictive models of spatiotemporal dynamics of Ae. aegypti in response to meteorological conditions and neighborhood-specific socio-demographic and physical characteristics, such as land-use and land-cover type and income level, were created. The study area was divided into two groups: areas affected by local transmission of Zika during the 2016 outbreak and unaffected areas. Ae. aegypti populations in areas affected by Zika were more strongly influenced by 14- and 21-day lagged weather conditions. In the unaffected areas, mosquito populations were more strongly influenced by land-use and day-of-collection weather conditions. There are neighborhood-scale differences in Ae. aegypti population dynamics. These differences in turn influence vector-borne disease diffusion in a region. These results have implications for vector control experts to lead neighborhood-specific vector control strategies and for epidemiologists to guide vector-borne disease risk preparations, especially for containing the spread of vector-borne disease in response to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagger Alexander
- University of Miami Department of Public Health, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Mantero
- University of Miami Department of Public Health, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University of Miami Department of Public Health, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John C. Beier
- University of Miami Department of Public Health, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Coatsworth H, Lippi CA, Vasquez C, Ayers JB, Stephenson CJ, Waits C, Florez M, Wilke AB, Unlu I, Medina J, Ryan SJ, Lednicky JA, Beier JC, Petrie W, Dinglasan RR. A molecular surveillance-guided vector control response to concurrent dengue and West Nile virus outbreaks in a COVID-19 hotspot of Florida. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 11:100231. [PMID: 36778921 PMCID: PMC9903724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Simultaneous dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in Florida, USA, in 2020 resulted in 71 dengue virus serotype 1 and 86 WNV human cases. We hypothesized that we would find a number of DENV-1 positive mosquito pools, and that the distribution of these arbovirus-positive mosquito pools would be associated with those neighborhoods for which imported DENV cases have been recently reported in 2019 and 2020. Methods We collected and screened Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles crucians, Culex coronator, Cx. nigripalpus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Miami-Dade County (Florida) for DENV and WNV by rRT-qPCR. Spatial statistical analyses were performed to capture positive mosquito pool distribution in relation to land use, human demography, environmental variables, mosquito trap placement and reported human travel associated DENV cases to guide future mosquito control outbreak responses. Findings A rapid screen of 7,668 mosquitoes detected four DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), nine DENV-4 and nine WNV-positive mosquito pools, which enabled swift and targeted abatement of trap sites by mosquito control. As expected, DENV-positive pools were in urban areas; however, we found WNV-positive mosquito pools in agricultural and recreational areas with no historical reports of WNV transmission. Interpretation These findings demonstrate the importance of proactive arbovirus surveillance in mosquito populations to prevent and control outbreaks, particularly when other illnesses (e.g., COVID-19), which present with similar symptoms, are circulating concurrently. Growing evidence for substantial infection prevalence of dengue in mosquitoes in the absence of local index cases suggests a higher level of dengue endemicity in Florida than previously thought. Funding This research was supported in part by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) grant 1U01CK000510-03, Southeastern Regional Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases Gateway Program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasmine B. Ayers
- University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Christy Waits
- University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mary Florez
- University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Isik Unlu
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control District, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control District, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Reeves LE, Medina J, Miqueli E, Sloyer KE, Petrie W, Vasquez C, Burkett-Cadena ND. Establishment of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mainland Florida, With Notes on the Ochlerotatus Group in the United States. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:717-729. [PMID: 33225354 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes scapularis (Rondani), a widespread neotropical vector mosquito species, has been included in the mosquito fauna of Florida on the basis of just three larval specimens that were collected in the middle Florida Keys in 1945. Here, we report numerous recent collections of immature and adult Ae. scapularis from multiple locations in two counties of southern Florida. These specimens represent the first records of Ae. scapularis from mainland Florida and the first records of the species in the state since the initial detection of the species 75 yr ago. Collections of both larvae and adults across several years indicate that Ae. scapularis is now established in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. These contemporary records of this species in Florida may represent novel dispersal and subsequent establishment events from populations outside the United States or a recent reemergence of undetected endemic populations. To confirm morphological identification of Ae. scapularis specimens from Florida, the DNA barcoding region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was sequenced and compared to all other Ochlerotatus Group species from the United States, specifically Aedes condolescens Dyar and Knab (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes infirmatus Dyar and Knab (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes thelcter Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes tortilis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), and Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae). Molecular assays and sequencing confirm morphological identification of Ae. scapularis specimens. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS2 sequences place Florida Ae. scapularis in a distinct clade, but was unable to produce distinct clades for Florida specimens of Ae. condolescens and Ae. tortilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | | | | | - Kristin E Sloyer
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | | | | | - Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
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Campbell LP, Burkett-Cadena ND, Miqueli E, Unlu I, Sloyer KE, Medina J, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Reeves LE. Potential Distribution of Aedes ( Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae): A Vector Mosquito New to the Florida Peninsula. Insects 2021; 12:insects12030213. [PMID: 33802305 PMCID: PMC8001964 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aedes scapularis is an important mosquito species capable of transmitting viruses and parasites to humans and animals. Aedes scapularis was previously known to occur throughout large portions of the Americas, from the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas to Argentina and on several Caribbean Islands. Recently, this mosquito became established in southern Florida, marking the first time Ae. scapularis was found on the Florida Peninsula. Now that Ae. scapularis has reached the Florida Peninsula, it is expected to continue to expand its geographic distribution to fill contiguous areas with suitable environments. Here, we use a modeling approach that correlates environmental variables with known geographic collection locations of Ae. scapularis to predict the potential distribution of this species. The output of this model provides new information for mosquito control and public health agencies to help monitor the spread of this exotic vector mosquito and suggests a need for surveillance for the expansion of this mosquito in many of Florida’s coastal counties. Abstract Aedes scapularis is a neotropical mosquito known to transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Its recent establishment in southeastern Florida has potential public health implications. We used an ecological niche modeling approach to predict the abiotic environmental suitability for Ae. scapularis across much of the Americas and Caribbean Islands. Georeferenced occurrence data obtained from the Global Biodiversity Inventory Facility and recent collection records of Ae. scapularis from southern Florida served as input for model calibration. Environmental layers included bioclimatic variables provided in 2000 to 2010 average Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications climatic (MERRAclim) data. Models were run in the software program Maxent. Isothermality values often found in costal environments, had the greatest contribution to model performance. Model projections suggested that there are areas predicted to be suitable for Ae. Scapularis across portions of the Amazon Basin, the Yucatán Peninsula, the Florida Peninsula, and multiple Caribbean Islands. Additionally, model predictions suggested connectivity of highly suitable or relatively suitable environments spanning the United States Gulf Coast, which may facilitate the geographic expansion of this species. At least sixteen Florida counties were predicted to be highly suitable for Ae. scapularis, suggesting that vigilance is needed by vector control and public health agencies to recognize the further spread of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P. Campbell
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; (N.D.B.-C.); (K.E.S.); (L.E.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; (N.D.B.-C.); (K.E.S.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Evaristo Miqueli
- Broward Mosquito Control Section, 1201 W Airport Rd., Pembroke Pines, FL 33024, USA;
| | - Isik Unlu
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control Division, 8901 NW 58 St., Miami, FL 33178, USA; (I.U.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (W.P.)
| | - Kristin E. Sloyer
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; (N.D.B.-C.); (K.E.S.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control Division, 8901 NW 58 St., Miami, FL 33178, USA; (I.U.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (W.P.)
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control Division, 8901 NW 58 St., Miami, FL 33178, USA; (I.U.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (W.P.)
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade Mosquito Control Division, 8901 NW 58 St., Miami, FL 33178, USA; (I.U.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (W.P.)
| | - Lawrence E. Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; (N.D.B.-C.); (K.E.S.); (L.E.R.)
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5
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Yang B, Borgert BA, Alto BW, Boohene CK, Brew J, Deutsch K, DeValerio JT, Dinglasan RR, Dixon D, Faella JM, Fisher-Grainger SL, Glass GE, Hayes R, Hoel DF, Horton A, Janusauskaite A, Kellner B, Kraemer MUG, Lucas KJ, Medina J, Morreale R, Petrie W, Reiner RC, Riles MT, Salje H, Smith DL, Smith JP, Solis A, Stuck J, Vasquez C, Williams KF, Xue RD, Cummings DAT. Modelling distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using climate, host density and interspecies competition. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009063. [PMID: 33764975 PMCID: PMC8051819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Florida faces the challenge of repeated introduction and autochthonous transmission of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Empirically-based predictive models of the spatial distribution of these species would aid surveillance and vector control efforts. To predict the occurrence and abundance of these species, we fit a mixed-effects zero-inflated negative binomial regression to a mosquito surveillance dataset with records from more than 200,000 trap days, representative of 53% of the land area and ranging from 2004 to 2018 in Florida. We found an asymmetrical competitive interaction between adult populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for the sampled sites. Wind speed was negatively associated with the occurrence and abundance of both vectors. Our model predictions show high accuracy (72.9% to 94.5%) in validation tests leaving out a random 10% subset of sites and data since 2017, suggesting a potential for predicting the distribution of the two Aedes vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Borgert
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carl K. Boohene
- Polk County Mosquito Control, Parks and Natural Resources Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joe Brew
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kelly Deutsch
- Orange County Government, Florida, Orange County Mosquito Control Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - James T. DeValerio
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Bradford County Extension, Starke, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Faella
- Brevard County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory E. Glass
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Reginald Hayes
- Palm Beach County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - David F. Hoel
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Austin Horton
- Gulf County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Agne Janusauskaite
- Pasco County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bill Kellner
- Citrus County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Moritz U. G. Kraemer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keira J. Lucas
- Collier Mosquito Control District, Naples, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rachel Morreale
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Riles
- Beach Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Henrik Salje
- Mathematical Modelling Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David L. Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John P. Smith
- Florida State University, Panama City, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amy Solis
- Clarke: Aquatic and Mosquito Control Services and Products, St. Charles, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason Stuck
- Pinellas County Mosquito Control, Stormwater and Vegetation Division, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Katie F. Williams
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Brevard County Mosquito Control, Florida, United States of America
| | - Derek A. T. Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Wilke ABB, Caban-Martinez AJ, Ajelli M, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Beier JC. Mosquito Adaptation to the Extreme Habitats of Urban Construction Sites. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:607-614. [PMID: 31230997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry employs millions of workers in the USA. However, little is known about how environmental disturbances caused by the construction industry impacts vector mosquito ecology and behavior, and whether it is responsible for increasing the abundance of mosquitoes. There is a major scientific gap on how to assess the occupational exposure risk of mosquito biting and arbovirus transmission among outdoor worker populations who spend a disproportionate amount of time working outdoors. In our opinion, it is critical to address how construction workers and the surrounding communities may be geographically and seasonally exposed to vector mosquitoes. Research should identify modifiable worker- and organizational-level factors that improve worksite mosquito-control practices to give insights into future vector-control strategies in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Medina J, Carvajal A, Petrie W, Beier JC. Community Composition and Year-round Abundance of Vector Species of Mosquitoes make Miami-Dade County, Florida a Receptive Gateway for Arbovirus entry to the United States. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8732. [PMID: 31217547 PMCID: PMC6584581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are a heavy burden to human-kind. Global warming and urbanization have a significant impact on vector-borne disease transmission, resulting in more severe outbreaks, and outbreaks in formerly non-endemic areas. Miami-Dade County, Florida was the most affected area in the continental United States during the 2016 Zika virus outbreak. Miami is an important gateway and has suitable conditions for mosquitoes year-round. Therefore, it was critical to establish and validate a surveillance system to guide and improve mosquito control operations. Here we assess two years of mosquito surveillance in Miami established after the 2016 Zika virus outbreak. Our results show that the most abundant mosquito species are either well adapted to urban environments or are adapting to it. The five most abundant species comprised 85% of all specimens collected, with four of them being primary vectors of arboviruses. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were found year-round throughout Miami regardless of urbanization level, vegetation, or socioeconomic variations. This study serves as a foundation for future efforts to improve mosquito surveillance and control operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America.
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Augusto Carvajal
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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8
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Beier JC. Tire shops in Miami-Dade County, Florida are important producers of vector mosquitoes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217177. [PMID: 31107881 PMCID: PMC6527201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mobility in urban environments is a central part of urbanization and has determined the layout of how cities are projected, built and renovated. One of the most problematic issues of urbanization is how to properly dispose of used tires, considering the worldwide annual production of approximately 1.4 billion units every year. Despite the efforts to properly dispose of used tires, they still represent a major problem for public health, notably serving as potential breeding sites for vector mosquitoes. Miami-Dade County, Florida has been suffering from arbovirus outbreaks for decades, including dengue, West Nile and yellow fever viruses. The objective of this study was to survey tire shops inserted in the urban matrix across Miami-Dade County for the presence of vector mosquitoes. This study used a cross-sectional design to survey the production of vector mosquitoes at 12 tires shops. Mosquitoes were found in all but one of the tires shops surveyed. We collected a total of 1,110 mosquitoes comprising 528 adults and 582 immatures. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were abundantly found in both their immature and adult forms, constituting 99.99% of the mosquito samples collected. Aedes aegypti was the most abundant species recorded displaying the highest values in the Shannon and Simpson indices. The findings of this study demonstrate that vector mosquitoes, primarily Ae. aegypti, are being produced in tires shops in Miami indicating these habitats are highly favorable breeding environments for the production of vector mosquitoes and emphasizing the need to address how the abundance and presence of mosquitoes may vary seasonally in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B. B. Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John C. Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Wilke ABB, Carvajal A, Medina J, Anderson M, Nieves VJ, Ramirez M, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Cardenas G, Beier JC. Assessment of the effectiveness of BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure for the surveillance of vector mosquitoes in Miami-Dade County, Florida. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212688. [PMID: 30794670 PMCID: PMC6386269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are an increasing issue to public health, endangering billions of people worldwide. Controlling vector mosquitoes is widely accepted as the most effective way to prevent vector-borne disease outbreaks. Mosquito surveillance is critical for the development of control strategies under the integrated vector management framework. We hypothesize that the effectiveness and reliability of using BG-Sentinel traps for the surveillance strongly depend on the bait used to attract mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure. A total of 72 traps were deployed for 48 hours once a week for four weeks. For the initial 24-hour period, the traps were baited with CO2, and then for an additional 24 hours using the BG-Lure. Collected mosquitoes were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation for repeated measures analysis. Biodiversity was assessed by the Shannon and Simpson indices and by individual rarefaction curves and SHE profiles. A total of 5,154 mosquitoes were collected, from which 3,514 by traps baited with CO2 and 1,640 mosquitoes by traps baited with BG-Lure. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most abundant and dominant species. Results from the Generalized Estimating Equation models indicated that more than twice as many mosquitoes were attracted CO2 than to the BG-Lure. The comparison of attractiveness of CO2 and BG-Lure to Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus was non-significant, suggesting that both species were equally attracted by the baits. The individual rarefaction curves for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus imply that traps baited with BG-Lure underestimated mosquito species richness compared to those baited with CO2. BG-Lure were less effective in attracting mosquitoes with low abundances and failed to collect Cx. coronator and Cx. nigripalpus, which were consistently collected by traps baited with CO2. According to our results, CO2 significantly (P<0.05) attracted more mosquitoes (2.67 adjusted odds ratios) than the BG-Lure when adjusted for time and species, being more effective in assessing the relative abundance of vector mosquitoes and yielding more trustworthy results. Traps baited with CO2 collected not only more specimens, but also more species in a more consistent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B. B. Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Augusto Carvajal
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Johana Medina
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Melissa Anderson
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Veronica J. Nieves
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Monica Ramirez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Cardenas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John C. Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Caban-Martinez AJ, Beier JC. Construction sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida are highly favorable environments for vector mosquitoes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209625. [PMID: 30571764 PMCID: PMC6301795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is increasing globally, and construction sites are an integral part of the urbanization process. It is unknown to what extent construction sites create favorable breeding conditions for mosquitoes. The main objectives of the present study were to identify what species of mosquitoes are present at construction sites and the respective physical features associated with their production. Eleven construction sites were cross-sectionally surveyed for the presence of mosquitoes in Miami-Dade County, Florida including in areas previously affected by the Zika virus outbreak in 2016. A total of 3.351 mosquitoes were collected; 2.680 adults and 671 immatures. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus comprised 95% of all collected mosquitoes and were the only species found in their immature forms breeding inside construction sites. Results for the Shannon and Simpson indices, considering both immature and adult specimens, yielded the highest values for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The individual rarefaction curves indicated that sampling sufficiency was highly asymptotic for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, and the plots of cumulative species abundance (ln S), Shannon index (H) and log evenness (ln E) (SHE) revealed the lack of heterogeneity of species composition, diversity and evenness for the mosquitoes found breeding in construction sites. The most productive construction site breeding features were elevator shafts, Jersey plastic barriers, flooded floors and stair shafts. The findings of this study indicate that vector mosquitoes breed in high numbers at construction sites and display reduced biodiversity comprising almost exclusively Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Such findings suggest that early phase construction sites have suitable conditions for the proliferation of vector mosquitoes. More studies are needed to identify modifiable worker- and organizational-level factors to improve mosquito control practices and guide future mosquito control strategies in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Petrie W, Logan J, DeGrasse C. Research review of the supportive care needs of spouses of women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001; 28:1601-7. [PMID: 11759307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To conduct an integrative review of the research describing the needs of spouses of women with breast cancer for direction in planning nursing interventions to meet their supportive care needs. DATA SOURCES Published articles and bibliographies from pertinent articles. DATA SYNTHESIS A base of knowledge exists regarding the emotional and psychosocial needs of spouses of women with breast cancer. Less is known about their spiritual, practical, and physical needs. Very little research has explored nursing interventions and supportive care needs. CONCLUSIONS Definite knowledge gaps exist regarding the needs of spouses of women with breast cancer. More research is required to develop and evaluate interventions that focus on these needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE A diagnosis of breast cancer is a distressing time for both women and their spouses. Ongoing research and the development of interventions are necessary to help spouses cope with the stress throughout the illness so that they may support their wives.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Petrie
- Ottawa Regional Women's Breast Health Centre, Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The need for a mobile screening unit to travel throughout Scotland to measure and modify cardiovascular risk factors in the apparently healthy working population was fulfilled by the conversion of a double-decker bus. The aim of the project was to assess the incidence of risk factors in healthy individuals and to modify their risk factors by individual counselling. Many unforeseen practical problems were encountered and overcome during the planning stage and during the project. The team of specially trained staff spent three and a half years screening more than 20,000 people throughout Scotland. This project provides a model for other screening projects involving a multicentre/scattered cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R McEwan
- University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee
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Abstract
We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the drug improved relative to those treated with placebo on performance tests related to learning and memory tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical subgroups suggested that persons within the sample who performed at a relatively low level prior to treatment were most likely to respond to BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was improvement on both computerized and standard neuropsychological performance tests, and also on clinical global ratings of improvement. The results suggest that the compound may be a promising candidate for treating memory loss in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Crook
- Memory Assessment Clinics, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814
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Kielholz P, Gastpar G, Gastpar M, Maier H, Rem J, Schlageter F, Bagadia V, Gada M, Pradhan P, Leon C, Perdomo R, Silva M, Gaviria L, Salazar O, Solano A, Sethi B, Prakash R, Takahashi R, Fujii I, Hirota N, Nagayama H, Takagi A, Yoshimoto S, Kusumoto S, Ban T, Jamieson R, Petrie W, Zimmerman G, Yamashita I, Abe J, Akino M, Asano Y, Daiguji M, Endo M, Hashimoto H, Hayashishita T, Hirabayashi Y, Hoshi N, Ichikawa T, Ikeda T, Itoh K, Kazawa J, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi R, Koyama T, Matsubara S, Mikuni M, Miyoshi N, Mori N, Morita S, Narita H, Oka I, Onodera T, Suzuki T, Takasaka Y, Tanaka S, Taniuchi K, Togashi Y, Ueno T, Yamahana Y, Taniuchi K, Sartorius N, Vartanian F, Ngo Khac T. Dose effects of antidepressant medication in different populations. A World Health Organization Collaborative Study. J Affect Disord 1986; Suppl 2:S1-67. [PMID: 2940279 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Petrie W, Womersley J. The Standard Immunisation Recall System: should it be adopted now or in the future? Health Bull (Edinb) 1985; 43:167-71. [PMID: 3839770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Guy W, Petrie W, Cleary P. The incidence of treatment emergent symptoms under chlorpromazine and placebo conditions [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:22-4. [PMID: 349600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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