1
|
Nawaz M, Afridi MN, Ullah I, Khan IA, Ishaq MS, Su Y, Rizwan HM, Cheng KW, Zhou Q, Wang M. The inhibitory effects of endophytic metabolites on glycated proteins under non-communicable disease conditions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131869. [PMID: 38670195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycation in human body is closely linked to the onset/progression of diabetes associated complications. These glycated proteins are commonly known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Recent literature has also highlighted the involvement of AGEs in other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular, cancer, and Alzheimer's diseases and explored the impact of plant metabolites on AGEs formation. However, the significance of endophytic metabolites against AGEs has recently garnered attention but has not been thoroughly summarized thus far. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of endophytic metabolites in combating AGEs under NCDs conditions. Additionally, this review aims to elucidate the processes of AGEs formation, absorption, metabolism, and their harmful effects. Collectively, endophytic metabolites play a crucial role in modulating signaling pathways and enhancing the digestibility properties of gut microbiota (GM) by targeting on AGEs/RAGE (receptor for AGEs) axis. Furthermore, these metabolites exhibit anti-AGEs activities similar to those derived from host plants, but at a lower cost and higher production rate. The use of endophytes as a source of such metabolites offers a risk-free and sustainable approach that holds substantial potential for the treatment and management of NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Afridi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- CPSP/REU/SGR-2016-021-8421, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Ishaq
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pujol A, Sanchis P, Tamayo MI, Nicolau J, Grases F, Espino A, Estremera A, Rigo E, Amengual GJ, Rodríguez M, Ribes JL, Gomila I, Simó-Servat O, Masmiquel L. Oral phytate supplementation on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, brain iron deposition and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a concept paper for a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (the PHYND trial). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1332237. [PMID: 38872972 PMCID: PMC11169791 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1332237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Research Institute of Health Science (IUNICS) Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María I. Tamayo
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana Nicolau
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Félix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Research Institute of Health Science (IUNICS) Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Espino
- Neurology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Estremera
- Neuroradiology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena Rigo
- Neuroopthalmology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Neuroradiology Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José L. Ribes
- Biochemistry Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomila
- Biochemistry Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feldman HH, Luchsinger JA, Léger GC, Taylor C, Jacobs DM, Salmon DP, Edland SD, Messer K, Revta C, Flowers SA, Jones KS, Koulman A, Yarasheski KE, Verghese PB, Venkatesh V, Zetterberg H, Durant J, Lupo JL, Gibson GE. Protocol for a seamless phase 2A-phase 2B randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of benfotiamine in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (BenfoTeam). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302998. [PMID: 38809849 PMCID: PMC11135745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benfotiamine provides an important novel therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible additive or synergistic effects to amyloid targeting therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To conduct a seamless phase 2A-2B proof of concept trial investigating tolerability, safety, and efficacy of benfotiamine, a prodrug of thiamine, as a first-in-class small molecule oral treatment for early AD. METHODS This is the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 72-week clinical trial of benfotiamine in 406 participants with early AD. Phase 2A determines the highest safe and well-tolerated dose of benfotiamine to be carried forward to phase 2B. During phase 2A, real-time monitoring of pre-defined safety stopping criteria in the first approximately 150 enrollees will help determine which dose (600 mg or 1200 mg) will be carried forward into phase 2B. The phase 2A primary analysis will test whether the rate of tolerability events (TEs) is unacceptably high in the high-dose arm compared to placebo. The primary safety endpoint in phase 2A is the rate of TEs compared between active and placebo arms, at each dose. The completion of phase 2A will seamlessly transition to phase 2B without pausing or stopping the trial. Phase 2B will assess efficacy and longer-term safety of benfotiamine in a larger group of participants through 72 weeks of treatment, at the selected dose. The co-primary efficacy endpoints in phase 2B are CDR-Sum of Boxes and ADAS-Cog13. Secondary endpoints include safety and tolerability measures; pharmacokinetic measures of thiamine and its esters, erythrocyte transketolase activity as blood markers of efficacy of drug delivery; ADCS-ADL-MCI; and MoCA. CONCLUSION The BenfoTeam trial utilizes an innovative seamless phase 2A-2B design to achieve proof of concept. It includes an adaptive dose decision rule, thus optimizing exposure to the highest and best-tolerated dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06223360, registered on January 25, 2024. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06223360.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard H. Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel C. Léger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Curtis Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Jacobs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Edland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Revta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kerry S. Jones
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Venky Venkatesh
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - January Durant
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jody-Lynn Lupo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berends E, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Foulquier S, Schalkwijk CG. Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:75. [PMID: 37875994 PMCID: PMC10594715 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in microvascular dysfunction and is associated with reduced cognitive function. Maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to maintain optimal brain function and a large amount of evidence indicates negative effects of MGO on BBB integrity. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the effect of MGO on the different cell types forming the BBB. BBB damage by MGO most likely occurs in brain endothelial cells and mural cells, while astrocytes are most resistant to MGO. Microglia on the other hand appear to be not directly influenced by MGO but rather produce MGO upon activation. Although there is clear evidence that MGO affects components of the BBB, the impact of MGO on the BBB as a multicellular system warrants further investigation. Diminishing MGO stress can potentially form the basis for new treatment strategies for maintaining optimal brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Berends
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, 50 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50 6229ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, 50 6229ER, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Wang A, Liu S, Liu H, Zhu W, Zhang Z. Glycemic variability correlates with medial temporal lobe atrophy and decreased cognitive performance in patients with memory deficits. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1156908. [PMID: 37533764 PMCID: PMC10390778 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1156908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the past, researchers have observed a significant link between glycemia and dementia. Medial temporal atrophy (MTA) is regarded as a common marker of dementia. The correlation between glycemic variability and MTA is unclear, and it has not been determined whether glycemic variability can be utilized as a biomarker of MTA and cognitive performance. Methods The patients in a memory clinic who underwent brain MRI scans and cognitive assessments within the first week of their hospital visit, were enrolled. All participants underwent three fasting blood glucose and one HBA1c assessments on three self-selected days within 1 week of their first visit. The variability independent of the mean (VIM) was employed. Validated visual scales were used to rate the MTA results. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scales were employed to assess the cognitive functions of the participants. Spearman's correlation and regression models were used to examine the relationship between the MMSE and MoCA scales, and also determine the link between the MRI characteristics and cognitive status, where vascular risk factors, educational status, age, gender, and mean glucose parameters served as covariates. Results Four hundred sixty-one subjects completed the MMSE scale, while 447 participants completed the MoCA scale. Data analysis revealed that 47.72% of the participants were men (220/461), and the median age of the patients was 69.87 ± 5.37 years. The findings of Spearman's correlation analysis exhibited a strong negative relationship between the VIM and MMSE score (r = -0.729, P < 0.01), and the MoCA score (r = -0.710, P < 0.01). The VIM was regarded as an independent risk factor for determining cognitive impairment in both the MMSE and MoCA assessments. The results were unaffected by sensitivity analysis. In addition, a non-linear relationship was observed between the VIM and MTA scores. Conclusion The variability in the blood glucose levels, which was presented as VIM, was related to the reduced cognitive function, which was reflected by MMSE and MoCA scales. The relationship between the VIM and the MTA score was non-linear. The VIM was positively related to the MTA score when the VIM was less than 2.42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Zhang
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anrong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chadwick W, Maudsley S, Hull W, Havolli E, Boshoff E, Hill MDW, Goetghebeur PJD, Harrison DC, Nizami S, Bedford DC, Coope G, Real K, Thiemermann C, Maycox P, Carlton M, Cole SL. The oDGal Mouse: A Novel, Physiologically Relevant Rodent Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086953. [PMID: 37108119 PMCID: PMC10138655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) represents a serious and growing worldwide economic and healthcare burden. Almost 95% of current AD patients are associated with sAD as opposed to patients presenting with well-characterized genetic mutations that lead to AD predisposition, i.e., familial AD (fAD). Presently, the use of transgenic (Tg) animals overexpressing human versions of these causative fAD genes represents the dominant research model for AD therapeutic development. As significant differences in etiology exist between sAD and fAD, it is perhaps more appropriate to develop novel, more sAD-reminiscent experimental models that would expedite the discovery of effective therapies for the majority of AD patients. Here we present the oDGal mouse model, a novel model of sAD that displays a range of AD-like pathologies as well as multiple cognitive deficits reminiscent of AD symptomology. Hippocampal cognitive impairment and pathology were delayed with N-acetyl-cysteine (NaC) treatment, which strongly suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the drivers of downstream pathologies such as elevated amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau. These features demonstrate a desired pathophenotype that distinguishes our model from current transgenic rodent AD models. A preclinical model that presents a phenotype of non-genetic AD-like pathologies and cognitive deficits would benefit the sAD field, particularly when translating therapeutics from the preclinical to the clinical phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chadwick
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - William Hull
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Enes Havolli
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Eugene Boshoff
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark D W Hill
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | | | - David C Harrison
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Sohaib Nizami
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - David C Bedford
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Gareth Coope
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Katia Real
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Peter Maycox
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark Carlton
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Sarah L Cole
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Electroacupuncture Improves Blood-Brain Barrier and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in SAMP8 Mice by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4 and RAGE/NADPH Signaling Pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:448-458. [PMID: 36609953 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as AD models and received EA at Yingxiang (LI 20, bilateral) and Yintang (GV 29) points for 20 days. For certain experiments, SAMP8 mice were injected intravenously with human fibrin (2 mg). The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive and memory abilities. The changes of tight junctions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of fibrin, amyloid- β (Aβ), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBa-1) in mouse hippocampus (CA1/CA3) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The expression of fibrin in mouse plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS Fibrin was time-dependently deposited in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and this was inhibited by EA treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, EA treatment suppressed the accumulation of Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice (P<0.01), which was reversed by fibrin injection (P<0.05 or P<0.01). EA improved SAMP8 mice cognitive impairment and BBB permeability (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, EA decreased reactive oxygen species levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, which was reversed by fibrin injection (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Mechanistically, EA inhibited the promoting effect of fibrin on the high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) signaling pathways (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA may potentially improve cognitive impairment in AD via inhibition of fibrin/A β deposition and deactivation of the HMGB1/TLR4 and RAGE/NADPH signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gibson GE, Feldman HH, Zhang S, Flowers SA, Luchsinger JA. Pharmacological thiamine levels as a therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1033272. [PMID: 36275801 PMCID: PMC9585656 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1033272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
| | - Howard H. Feldman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An F, Zhao R, Xuan X, Xuan T, Zhang G, Wei C. Calycosin ameliorates advanced glycation end product-induced neurodegenerative changes in cellular and rat models of diabetes-related Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110206. [PMID: 36195188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Growing pieces of evidence suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is interlinked with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which has been described as "type 3 DM". In this study, we investigate the neuronal insult attributable to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as the models of DM-related AD to understand the effects exerted by calycosin on neurodegenerative changes both in vivo and in vitro studies and also studied the associated molecular mechanisms. The results reported herein revealed that the viability of the PC12 cells induced by AGEs increased when treated with calycosin. It was also observed that the learning and memory abilities of AGE-induced DM-related AD rats improved under these conditions. Analysis of the reported results indicates that calycosin can effectively down-regulate the activity of GSK-3β to result in the reversal of the process of tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibit the expression of RAGE and BACE-1 proteins, resulting in a decrease in the production of β-amyloid and regulate the PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway to repair mitochondrial dysfunction. It can be inferred that calycosin can potentially exhibit important therapeutic properties that can be exploited during the treatment of AD, especially DM-related AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao An
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Food, Tongliao Vocational College, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xinran Xuan
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Tianqi Xuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Guowei Zhang
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Institute of Dementia, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel VN, Chorawala MR, Shah MB, Shah KC, Dave BP, Shah MP, Patel TM. Emerging Pathophysiological Mechanisms Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease: An Old Wine in a New Bottle. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:349-357. [PMID: 35891636 PMCID: PMC9277673 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic immuno-inflammatory and metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with corresponding hyperinsulinemia. On the other hand, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease involving cognitive impairment, neuronal dysfunction, and memory loss. Several recently published literatures suggest a causal relationship between T2DM and AD. In this review, we have discussed several potential mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced cognitive impairment which include, abnormal insulin signaling, amyloid-β accumulation, oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, advanced lipid peroxidation products, and apolipoprotein E. All these interconnected mechanisms may act either individually or synergistically which eventually leads to neurodegeneration and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishvas N. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Maitri B. Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kashvi C. Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavarth P. Dave
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manal P. Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Tanvi M. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Lane MM, Naumovski N, Gamage E, Rajendran A, Kouvari M, Gauci S, Dissanayka T, Marx W, Travica N. The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122421. [PMID: 35745150 PMCID: PMC9227209 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins or lipids formed endogenously in the human body or consumed through diet. Ultra-processed foods and some culinary techniques, such as dry cooking methods, represent the main sources and drivers of dietary AGEs. Tissue accumulation of AGEs has been associated with cellular aging and implicated in various age-related diseases, including type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes the literature examining the associations between AGEs and neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Studies indicate that elevated circulating AGEs are cross-sectionally associated with poorer cognitive function and longitudinally increase the risk of developing dementia. Additionally, preliminary studies show that higher skin AGE accumulation may be associated with mental disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia. Potential mechanisms underpinning the effects of AGEs include elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are both key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and mental disorders. Decreasing dietary intake of AGEs may improve neurological and mental disorder outcomes. However, more sophisticated prospective studies and analytical approaches are required to verify directionality and the extent to which AGEs represent a mediator linking unhealthy dietary patterns with cognitive and mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Melissa M. Lane
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Gamage
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Anushri Rajendran
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (N.N.); (M.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Heart and Mind Research, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayka
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (M.M.L.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (T.D.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Peng Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang X. Dietary polyphenols: regulate the advanced glycation end products-RAGE axis and the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9816-9842. [PMID: 35587161 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2076064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in non-enzymatic reaction, oxidation, rearrangement and cross-linking between the active carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and the free amines of amino acids. The Maillard reaction is related to sensory characteristics in thermal processed food, while AGEs are formed in food matrix in this process. AGEs are a key link between carbonyl stress and neurodegenerative disease. AGEs can interact with receptors for AGEs (RAGE), causing oxidative stress, inflammation response and signal pathways activation related to neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to gut microbiota imbalance and intestinal inflammation. Polyphenols with multiple hydroxyl groups showed a powerful ability to scavenge ROS and capture α-dicarbonyl species, which led to the formation of mono- and di- adducts, thereby inhibiting AGEs formation. Neurodegenerative diseases can be effectively prevented by inhibiting AGEs production, and interaction with RAGEs, or regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These strategies include polyphenols multifunctional effects on AGEs inhibition, RAGE-ligand interactions blocking, and regulating the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, and intestinal inflammation alleviation to delay or prevent neurodegenerative diseases progress. It is a wise and promising strategy to supplement dietary polyphenols for preventing neurodegenerative diseases via AGEs-RAGE axis and microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yao Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo L, Li R, Wang G, Chen J, Chen L, Qin LQ, Yu Z, Wan Z. Age-dependent effects of a high-fat diet combined with dietary advanced glycation end products on cognitive function and protection with voluntary exercise. Food Funct 2022; 13:4445-4458. [PMID: 35342920 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether a high fat diet (HFD) combined with an advanced glycation end products (AGEs) diet will induce worse cognitive impairment than a HFD alone and to investigate whether voluntary exercise is capable of improving cognitive function after the combined diet, young and middle-aged male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups, i.e., control, HFD, combined diet, and combined diet treated with voluntary exercise. Compared to HFD, combined diet induced worse memory abilities only in middle-aged mice, as exhibited by the reduced number of crossings and reduced distance in the target zone during a probe trial. Exercise reversed combined-diet-induced cognitive impairment for both ages of mice. For young mice, the neuro-protective effects of exercise were mainly associated with inhibition of NLRP3, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and H3K9me2 and elevation of OST48; it also elevated Bacilli and reduced Epsilonproteobacteria, Campylobacterales, and Helicobacter. For middle-aged mice, exercise elevated Tet2, inhibited NF-κB and NLRP3, and rebalanced circadian clock proteins and the RAGE-OST48 axis; also, exercise elevated Coriobacteriia/Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Allobaculum and restored intestinal permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Guiping Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frandsen J, Narayanasamy P. Effect of Cannabidiol on the Neural Glyoxalase Pathway Function and Longevity of Several C. elegans Strains Including a C. elegans Alzheimer's Disease Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1165-1177. [PMID: 35385645 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol is a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid produced by the Cannabis sativa plant and possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Cannabidiol functions in a neuroprotective manner, in part through the activation of cellular antioxidant pathways. The glyoxalase pathway detoxifies methylglyoxal, a highly reactive metabolic byproduct that can accumulate in the brain, and contributes to the severity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. While cannabidiol's antioxidant properties have been investigated, it is currently unknown how it may modulate the glyoxalase pathway. In this research paper, we examine the effects of Cannabidiol on cerebellar neurons and in several Caenorhabditis elegans strains. We determined that a limited amount of Cannabidiol can prevent methylglyoxal-mediated cellular damage through enhancement of the neural glyoxalase pathway and extend the lifespan and survival of C. elegans, including a transgenic C. elegans strain modeling Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Current Status of Research on High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL): A Paradigm Shift from HDL Quantity to HDL Quality and HDL Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073967. [PMID: 35409326 PMCID: PMC8999423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantity of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is represented as the serum HDL-C concentration (mg/dL), while the HDL quality manifests as the diverse features of protein and lipid content, extent of oxidation, and extent of glycation. The HDL functionality represents several performance metrics of HDL, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol efflux activities. The quantity and quality of HDL can change during one’s lifetime, depending on infection, disease, and lifestyle, such as dietary habits, exercise, and smoking. The quantity of HDL can change according to age and gender, such as puberty, middle-aged symptoms, climacteric, and the menopause. HDL-C can decrease during disease states, such as acute infection, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune disease, while it can be increased by regular aerobic exercise and healthy food consumption. Generally, high HDL-C at the normal level is associated with good HDL quality and functionality. Nevertheless, high HDL quantity is not always accompanied by good HDL quality or functionality. The HDL quality concerns the morphology of the HDL, such as particle size, shape, and number. The HDL quality also depends on the composition of the HDL, such as apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-III, serum amyloid A, and α-synuclein), cholesterol, and triglyceride. The HDL quality is also associated with the extent of HDL modification, such as glycation and oxidation, resulting in the multimerization of apoA-I, and the aggregation leads to amyloidogenesis. The HDL quality frequently determines the HDL functionality, which depends on the attached antioxidant enzyme activity, such as the paraoxonase and cholesterol efflux activity. Conventional HDL functionality is regression, the removal of cholesterol from atherosclerotic lesions, and the removal of oxidized species in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Recently, HDL functionality was reported to expand the removal of β-amyloid plaque and inhibit α-synuclein aggregation in the brain to attenuate Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. More recently, HDL functionality has been associated with the susceptibility and recovery ability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by inhibiting the activity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The appearance of dysfunctional HDL is frequently associated with many acute infectious diseases and chronic aging-related diseases. An HDL can be a suitable biomarker to diagnose many diseases and their progression by monitoring the changes in its quantity and quality in terms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. An HDL can be a protein drug used for the removal of plaque and as a delivery vehicle for non-soluble drugs and genes. A dysfunctional HDL has poor HDL quality, such as a lower apoA-I content, lower antioxidant ability, smaller size, and ambiguous shape. The current review analyzes the recent advances in HDL quantity, quality, and functionality, depending on the health and disease state during one’s lifetime.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lai MC, Liu WY, Liou SS, Liu IM. The Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin Encounters Diabetes-Mediated Alzheimer-Type Neuropathologic Changes through Relieving Advanced Glycation End-Products Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040745. [PMID: 35215394 PMCID: PMC8874695 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, can encounter advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-induced Alzheimer’s disease-like pathophysiological changes with the underlying mechanisms. SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with hesperetin before stimulation with AGEs (200 μg/mL) were assessed in the following experiments. Hesperetin (40 μmol/L) elevated the reduced cell viability induced by AGEs. Hesperetin ameliorated reactive oxygen species overproduction and the downregulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, triggered by AGEs. Amyloid precursor protein upregulation, accompanied by the increased production of Aβ, caused by AGEs, was reversed by hesperetin. However, hesperetin lowered β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 expression, inducing insulin-degrading and neprilysin expression. In addition, hesperetin downregulated the expressions of the AGEs-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, including 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein and C/EBP homologous protein, and lowered the phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like ER kinase and activating transcription factor 4. Hesperetin-pretreated cells had a minor apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Hesperetin is able to upregulate Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulate Bax expression, and decrease caspase-12/-9/-3 activity as well, indicating that it inhibits ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis. There is a similar effect between hesperetin and positive rosiglitazone control against Aβ aggravation of SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by AGEs. Thus, hesperetin might be a potential agent for treating glycation-induced Aβ neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chou Lai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Wayne-Young Liu
- Department of Urology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung City 41265, Taiwan;
- Center for Basic Medical Science, Collage of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
| | - Shorong-Shii Liou
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-7624002
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu S, Lu Y, Geng D. Molecular Subgroup Classification in Alzheimer's Disease by Transcriptomic Profiles. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:866-879. [PMID: 35080766 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive cognitive disorder that occurs worldwide, and the lack of disease-modifying targets and pathways is a pressing issue. This study aimed to provide new targets and pathways by performing molecular subgroup classification. After normalizing the collected data, the subgroup number was confirmed with consensus clustering. Comparisons of clinical features among subgroups were conducted to clarify the clinical traits of each subgroup. Subgroup-specific genes were identified to perform weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. Protein-protein interaction networks were built to screen core genes and in each subgroup to perform Spearman correlation analysis with clinical traits. Sequencing profiles of 1068 AD samples collected from 2 datasets were classified into 3 subgroups. Clinical comparisons revealed that patients in subgroup III tended to be younger, while their pathological grades were the most severe. WGCNA detected four gene modules, and the turquoise module, where the dopaminergic synapse pathway was enriched, was related to subgroup I. The neurotrophin signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway were robustly enriched in the blue and brown modules, respectively, in subgroup III. Moreover, 3 hub genes in subgroup I were negatively correlated with the sum of neurofibrillary tangle (Nft) density. Conversely, hub genes in subgroups II and III exhibited positive correlations with the sum of Nft density. These results provide new pathways and targets for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, West Huaihai Road 99, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Municipal Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, West Huaihai Road 99, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ning P, Luo A, Mu X, Xu Y, Li T. Exploring the dual character of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 207:108966. [PMID: 35077762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which results in dementia typically in the elderly. The disease is mainly characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. However, only few drugs are available for AD because of its unknown pathological mechanism which limits the development of new drugs. Therefore, it is urgent to identify potential therapeutic strategies for AD. Moreover, research have showed that there is a significant association between Type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) and AD, suggesting that the two diseases may share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Such mechanisms include impaired insulin signaling, altered glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and premature aging, which strongly affect cognitive function and increased risk of dementia. Consequently, as a widely used drug for T2DM, metformin also has therapeutic potential for AD in vivo. It has been confirmed that metformin is beneficial on the brain of AD animal models. The mechanisms underlying the effects of metformin in Alzheimer's disease are complex and multifaceted. Metformin may work through mechanisms involving homeostasis of glucose metabolism, decrease of amyloid plaque deposition, normalization of tau protein phosphorylation and enhancement of autophagy. However, in clinical trials, metformin had little effects on patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD. Pathological effects and negative clinical results of metformin on AD make the current topic quite controversial. By reviewing the latest progress of related research, this paper summarizes the possible role of metformin in AD. The purpose of this study is not only to determine the potential treatment of AD, but also other related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ning
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
| | - Anling Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, 18 Wanxiang North Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University/Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Rd, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Deng Z, Yu Z, Zhou W, Yuan Q. The circRNA circ-Nbea participates in regulating diabetic encephalopathy. Brain Res 2022; 1774:147702. [PMID: 34695392 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in various pathogenic and biological processes in human disease. However, the effect of circRNAs on the development of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the expression of circRNAs and their potential mechanism in DE formation. Compared with db/m mice, spatial learning/memory, dendritic spines, and synaptic plasticity were all impaired in the hippocampus of the db/db mice. In addition, the dendritic spine density of neurons was significantly decreased after treatment with advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to detect circRNA expression in DE, and the results revealed that 183 circRNAs were significantly altered in primary hippocampal neurons treated with AGEs. Three circRNAs were chosen for detection using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), including circ-Smox (chr2: 131511984-131516443), circ-Nbea (mmu-chr3: 56079859-56091120), and circ-Setbp1 (chr18: 79086551-79087180), and circ-Nbea expression was significantly decreased. According to the bioinformatics prediction and detection using qRT-PCR and double luciferase assays, circ-Nbea sponges miR-128-3p. Based on these results, we speculated that a newly identified circRNA, circ-Nbea, may play an important role in the development of DE, and the mechanism is mediated by sponging miR-128-3p. This study provides new insight into the treatment of DE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science&Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhifang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science&Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Road 2(#), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weipin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Road 2(#), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Huangjiahu Road 2(#), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meng J, Zhu Y, Ma H, Wang X, Zhao Q. The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114464. [PMID: 34329715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is mainly one of the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with complex and obscure pathogenesis. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for DCD management. AIM OF THE STUDY This review attempted to systematically summarize the possible pathogenesis of DCD and the current Chinese medicine on the treatment of DCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We acquired information of TCM on DCD treatment from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI databases. We then dissected the potential mechanisms of currently reported TCMs and their active ingredients for the treatment of DCD by discussing the deficiencies and giving further recommendations. RESULTS Most TCMs and their active ingredients could improve DCD through alleviating insulin resistance, microvascular dysfunction, abnormal gut microbiota composition, inflammation, and the damages of the blood-brain barrier, cerebrovascular and neurons under hyperglycemia conditions. CONCLUSIONS TCM is effective in the treatment of DCD with few adverse reactions. A large number of in vivo and in vitro, and clinical trials are still needed to further reveal the potential quality markers of TCM on DCD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Huixia Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu XY, Zhang N, Zhang SX, Xu P. Potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease: Glucagon-like peptide-1. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7749-7769. [PMID: 34676939 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone, has become a well-established treatment for T2DM and is likely to be involved in treating cognitive impairment. In this mini review, the similarities between AD and T2DM are summarised with the main focus on GLP-1-based therapeutics in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yuan CL, Yi R, Dong Q, Yao LF, Liu B. The relationship between diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction and leukoaraiosis. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1101-1110. [PMID: 33893981 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which often associates with ageing brain as well as neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment. In recent years, studies have found that patients with diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction have an increased burden of leukoaraiosis (LA), and larger white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. With the recent advancement of technologies, multimodal imaging is widely exploited for the precise evaluation of central nervous system diseases. Emerging studies suggest that LA pathology can be used as a predictive signal of white matter lesions in patients with diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction, providing support for early identification and diagnosis of disease. This article reviews the findings, epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, imaging features, prevention and treatment of LA pathophysiology in patients with diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yi
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pereira ENGDS, Paula DP, Araujo BPD, Fonseca MDJMD, Diniz MDFHS, Daliry A, Griep RH. Advanced glycation end product: A potential biomarker for risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ELSA-Brasil study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4913-4928. [PMID: 34447235 PMCID: PMC8371502 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver diseases are associated with the excess formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which induce tissue inflammation and oxidative damage. However, the trend of oxidative marker levels according to the steatosis grade in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear.
AIM To compare serum AGE levels between participants with NAFLD accordingly to steatosis severity in the baseline ELSA-Brasil population.
METHODS In 305 individuals at baseline ELSA-Brasil, NAFLD-associated steatosis was classified by ultrasound hepatic attenuation. The participants were grouped according to the severity of steatosis: mild and moderate/severe pooled. The measurement of serum fluorescent AGE concentrations was based on spectrofluorimetric detection. Serum AGE content and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the participants were compared between groups. The correlation between serum AGE levels and the grade of steatosis was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between serum AGE levels and steatosis severity. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS According to the steatosis severity spectrum in NAFLD, from mild to moderate/severe, individuals with the most severe steatosis grade had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (63% vs 34%, P ≤ 0.001), diabetes mellitus (37% vs 14%, P ≤ 0.001), and high cholesterol levels (51% vs 33%, P < 0.001). Moreover, individuals with increasing severity of steatosis presented increasing waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein, and uric acid levels and lower high-density lipoprotein. Higher serum AGE content was present in the moderate/severe group of individuals than in the mild group (P = 0.008). In addition, the serum AGE levels were correlated with the steatosis grade in the overall sample (rho = 0.146, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables, showed that subjects with higher serum AGE content had a 4.6-fold increased chance of having moderate or severe steatosis when compared to low levels of serum AGEs. According to the results of the receiver operator characteristic curves analyses (areas under the curve, AUC = 0.83), AGEs could be a good marker of steatosis severity in patients with NAFLD and might be a potential biomarker in predicting NAFLD progression, strengthening the involvement of AGE in NAFLD pathogenesis.
CONCLUSION NAFLD-associated steatosis was associated with serum AGE levels; therefore, plasmatic fluorescent AGE quantification by spectroscopy could be a promising alternative method to monitor progression from mild to severe NAFLD accordingly to steatosis grade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Polessa Paula
- National School of Statistical Sciences, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Structural and Functional Impairments of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein by Incorporation of Recombinant β-Amyloid42. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144317. [PMID: 34299592 PMCID: PMC8303321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-amyloid (Aβ) is a causative protein of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the pathogenesis of AD, the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism is essential for the clearance of Aβ. In this study, recombinant Aβ42 was expressed and purified via the pET-30a expression vector and E.coli production system to elucidate the physiological effects of Aβ on HDL metabolism. The recombinant human Aβ protein (51 aa) was purified to at least 95% purity and characterized in either the lipid-free and lipid-bound states with apoA-I. Aβ was incorporated into the reconstituted HDL (rHDL) (molar ratio 95:5:1, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC):cholesterol:apoA-I) with various apoA-I:Aβ ratios from 1:0 to 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2. With an increasing molar ratio of Aβ, the α-helicity of apoA-I was decreased from 62% to 36% with a red shift of the Trp wavelength maximum fluorescence from 337 to 340 nm in apoA-I. The glycation reaction of apoA-I was accelerated further by the addition of Aβ. The treatment of fructose and Aβ caused more multimerization of apoA-I in the lipid-free state and in HDL. The phospholipid-binding ability of apoA-I was impaired severely by the addition of Aβ in a dose-dependent manner. The phagocytosis of LDL into macrophages was accelerated more by the presence of Aβ with the production of more oxidized species. Aβ severely impaired tissue regeneration, and a microinjection of Aβ enhanced embryotoxicity. In conclusion, the beneficial functions of apoA-I and HDL were severely impaired by the addition of Aβ via its detrimental effect on secondary structure. The impairment of HDL functionality occurred more synergistically by means of the co-addition of fructose and Aβ.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hydroxytyrosol Selectively Affects Non-Enzymatic Glycation in Human Insulin and Protects by AGEs Cytotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071127. [PMID: 34356360 PMCID: PMC8301023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major phenolic compound in olive oil, is attracting increasing interest for its beneficial properties including a notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. In this study, using a combination of biophysical and cell biology techniques, we have tested the role of HT in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs have a key role in clinical sciences as they have been associated to diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, as the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is strongly increased in diabetic patients, AGE formation is supposed to be involved in the development of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Our data show that HT selectively inhibits protein glycation reaction in human insulin, and it is able to counteract the AGE-induced cytotoxicity in human neurotypical cells by acting on SIRT1 level and oxidative stress, as well as on inflammatory response. This study identifies new beneficial properties for HT and suggests it might be a promising molecule in protecting against the AGE-induced toxicity, a key mechanism underlying the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE4)-Induced Apoptosis Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through the RAGE/JNK Pathway in Kidney Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126530. [PMID: 34207084 PMCID: PMC8235496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins. Recent studies have shown that methylglyoxal, a potent precursor for AGEs, causes a variety of biological dysfunctions, including diabetes, inflammation, renal failure, and cancer. However, little is known about the function of methylglyoxal-derived AGEs (AGE4) in kidney cells. Therefore, we verified the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes and apoptosis markers to determine the effects of AGE4 on human proximal epithelial cells (HK-2). Moreover, our results showed that AGE4 induced the expression of apoptosis markers, such as Bax, p53, and kidney injury molecule-1, but downregulated Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 levels. AGE4 also promoted the expression of NF-κB, serving as a transcription factor, and the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which induced cell apoptosis and ER stress mediated by the JNK inhibitor. Furthermore, AGE4 induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and ATP synthesis. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study provides a new perspective on renal dysfunction with regard to the AGE4-induced RAGE /JNK signaling pathway, which leads to renal cell apoptosis via the imbalance of mitochondrial function and ER stress in kidney damage.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gibson GE, Luchsinger JA, Cirio R, Chen H, Franchino-Elder J, Hirsch JA, Bettendorff L, Chen Z, Flowers SA, Gerber LM, Grandville T, Schupf N, Xu H, Stern Y, Habeck C, Jordan B, Fonzetti P. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:989-1010. [PMID: 33074237 PMCID: PMC7880246 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer's disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine. METHODS A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with MCI and mild AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Hirsch
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
- Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole Schupf
- Mailman School of Public Health, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pasquale Fonzetti
- Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY; Westmed Medical Group White Plains NY
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gill V, Kumar V, Singh K, Kumar A, Kim JJ. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) May Be a Striking Link Between Modern Diet and Health. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120888. [PMID: 31861217 PMCID: PMC6995512 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction is a simple but ubiquitous reaction that occurs both in vivo and ex vivo during the cooking or processing of foods under high-temperature conditions, such as baking, frying, or grilling. Glycation of proteins is a post-translational modification that forms temporary adducts, which, on further crosslinking and rearrangement, form permanent residues known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Cooking at high temperature results in various food products having high levels of AGEs. This review underlines the basis of AGE formation and their corresponding deleterious effects on the body. Glycated Maillard products have a direct association with the pathophysiology of some metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), acute renal failure (ARF), Alzheimer’s disease, dental health, allergies, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The most glycated and structurally abundant protein is collagen, which acts as a marker for diabetes and aging, where decreased levels indicate reduced skin elasticity. In diabetes, high levels of AGEs are associated with carotid thickening, ischemic heart disease, uremic cardiomyopathy, and kidney failure. AGEs also mimic hormones or regulate/modify their receptor mechanisms at the DNA level. In women, a high AGE diet directly correlates with high levels of androgens, anti-Müllerian hormone, insulin, and androstenedione, promoting ovarian dysfunction and/or infertility. Vitamin D3 is well-associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS and modulates steroidogenesis. It also exhibits a protective mechanism against the harmful effects of AGEs. This review elucidates and summarizes the processing of infant formula milk and the associated health hazards. Formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the newborn as a substitute for mother’s milk, formula milk is a rich source of primary adducts, such as carboxy-methyl lysine, which render an infant prone to inflammation, dementia, food allergies, and other diseases. We therefore recommend that understanding this post-translational modification is the key to unlocking the mechanisms and physiology of various metabolic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu Gill
- Central Research Station, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut 250002, India; (V.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3027 or +82-10-9668-3464 (J.-J.K.); Fax: +82-53-801-3027 (J.-J.K.)
| | - Kritanjali Singh
- Central Research Station, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut 250002, India; (V.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Jong-Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3027 or +82-10-9668-3464 (J.-J.K.); Fax: +82-53-801-3027 (J.-J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|