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Fernandez-Espinel C, Medina-Morillo M, Irgang R, Sotil G, Araya-León H, Flores-Dominick V, Romalde JL, Avendaño-Herrera R, Yunis-Aguinaga J. Co-existence of two Yersinia ruckeri biotypes and serotype O1a retrieved from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in Puno, Peru. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:157-163. [PMID: 36404601 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri causes important economic losses for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms worldwide. This bacterial disease is likely the most common among trout in Peru; however, no commercial vaccine is available nationally, which is, in part, due to a lack of information on the bacterium. The aim of the current study was to characterize 29 Y. ruckeri isolates sampled from seven cage-reared farms in the Puno Region, the focal point for aquaculture activities in Peru. For this, samples were taken from fish with clinical signs (i.e. haemorrhages, uni- or bilateral exophthalmia, hyphaemia and/or melanosis). Notable among our findings was the existence of both Y. ruckeri biotype 1 (9 isolates) and biotype 2 (20 isolates; negative for sorbitol and Tween 80). The isolates further differed in API profiles 5307100 (21 isolates), 1307100 (4 isolates), 1305100 (2 isolates), 1307120 (1 isolate) and 5305100 (1 isolate), with the main differences being in the tests for lysine decarboxylase, gelatine hydrolysis and D-saccharose fermentation. Despite these differences, all isolates shared identical ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR profiles and belonged to the O1a serotype. Fingerprints were identical to the reference strain CECT 955 (serotype O1a). The information obtained will be used for epidemiological purposes by health authorities and for the development of a vaccine against Y. ruckeri, a prominent request made by fish farmers in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rute Irgang
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Giovanna Sotil
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Peru
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru
| | - Henry Araya-León
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía & Institute CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Peru
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Peru
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2
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Riborg A, Gulla S, Fiskebeck EZ, Ryder D, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Colquhoun DJ, Welch TJ. Pan-genome survey of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri links accessory- and amplified genes to virulence. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285257. [PMID: 37167256 PMCID: PMC10174560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While both virulent and putatively avirulent Yersinia ruckeri strains exist in aquaculture environments, the relationship between the distribution of virulence-associated factors and de facto pathogenicity in fish remains poorly understood. Pan-genome analysis of 18 complete genomes, representing established virulent and putatively avirulent lineages of Y. ruckeri, revealed the presence of a number of accessory genetic determinants. Further investigation of 68 draft genome assemblies revealed that the distribution of certain putative virulence factors correlated well with virulence and host-specificity. The inverse-autotransporter invasin locus yrIlm was, however, the only gene present in all virulent strains, while absent in lineages regarded as avirulent. Strains known to be associated with significant mortalities in salmonid aquaculture display a combination of serotype O1-LPS and yrIlm, with the well-documented highly virulent lineages, represented by MLVA clonal complexes 1 and 2, displaying duplication of the yrIlm locus. Duplication of the yrIlm locus was further found to have evolved over time in clonal complex 1, where some modern, highly virulent isolates display up to three copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riborg
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Vaxxinova Norway AS, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - David Ryder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - David W Verner-Jeffreys
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Centre for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture, USDA-ARS, Leetown, WV, United States of America
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3
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Riborg A, Colquhoun DJ, Gulla S. Biotyping reveals loss of motility in two distinct Yersinia ruckeri lineages exclusive to Norwegian aquaculture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:641-653. [PMID: 35180320 PMCID: PMC9304254 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-motile strains of Yersinia ruckeri, known as Y. ruckeri biotype 2, now dominate amongst clinical isolates retrieved from rainbow trout internationally. Due to an acute increase in the number of yersiniosis cases in Norway in recent years, followed by introduction of widespread intraperitoneal vaccination against the disease, an investigation on the prevalence of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 in Norwegian aquaculture was conducted. We biotyped 263 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased salmonids in Norway between 1985 and 2020. A total of seven biotype 2 isolates were identified, four of which were collected between 1985 and 1987, and three of which belong to the current epizootic clone, isolated from two different sea-farms in 2017. Whole-genome sequencing revealed single non-synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms in the flagellar genes flhC in isolates from the 1980s, and in fliP in isolates from 2017. In both variants, motility was restored both by complementation with wild-type alleles in trans and via spontaneous mutation-driven reversion following prolonged incubation on motility agar. While biotype 2 strains do not yet seem to have become broadly established in Norwegian aquaculture, the seven isolates described here serve to document a further two independent cases of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 emergence in salmonid aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riborg
- Norwegian Veterinary InstituteÅsNorway
- Vaxxinova Norway ASBergenNorway
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4
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Rasmussen JA, Villumsen KR, von Gersdorff Jørgensen L, Forberg T, Zuo S, Kania PW, Buchmann K, Kristiansen K, Bojesen AM, Limborg MT. Integrative analyses of probiotics, pathogenic infections, and host immune response highlight the importance of gut microbiota in understanding disease recovery in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3201-3216. [PMID: 35032344 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Given the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota in regulating the host immune system, interest has arisen in the possibility of controlling fish health by modulating the gut microbiota. Hence, the need for a better understanding of the host-microbiota interactions after disease responses to optimise the use of probiotics to strengthen disease resilience and recovery. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested the effects of a probiotic feed additive in rainbow trout and challenged the fish with the causative agent for enteric redmouth disease, Yersinia ruckeri. We evaluated the survival, host immune gene expression and on the gut microbiota composition. Results revealed that provision of probiotics and exposure to Y. ruckeri induced immune gene expression in the host associated with changes in the gut microbiota. Subsequently, infection with Y. ruckeri had very little effect on microbiota composition when probiotics were applied, indicating that probiotics increased stabilisation of the microbiota. Our analysis revealed potential biomarkers for monitoring infection status and fish health. Finally, we used modelling approaches to decipher interactions between gut bacteria and the host immune gene responses, indicating removal of endogenous bacteria elicited by non-specific immune responses. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the relevance of these results emphasising the importance of host-microbiota interactions, including the protective potential of the gut microbiota in disease responses. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results highlight the functional consequences of probiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota and the resulting host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Rømer Villumsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Denmark
| | | | | | - Shaozhi Zuo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Denmark
| | - Per Walter Kania
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Metagenomics, BGI- Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Denmark
| | - Morten Tønsberg Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Sibinga NA, Marquis H. Tissue-specific differences in detection of Yersinia ruckeri carrier status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:2013-2020. [PMID: 34432896 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective monitoring for subclinical infections is a cornerstone of proactive disease management in aquaculture. Salmonid fish that survive enteric redmouth disease (ERM) can carry Yersinia ruckeri as a latent infection for several months, potentially facilitating cryptic spread between facilities that exchange fish. In this study, fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were infected by immersion and sampled for up to 14 weeks post-infection. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from the posterior kidney of more than 89% of fish up to 4 weeks post-infection, but from 2% or fewer of fish sampled at later time points. In contrast, qPCR-based detection of the Y. ruckeri 16s rRNA gene in intestine and spleen extracts revealed a much higher rate of infection: at 14 weeks post-infection Y. ruckeri was detected in nearly 50% of spleens and 15% of intestines. The difference between spleen and intestine is likely due at least in part to technical limitations of qPCR on intestinal DNA extracts; accordingly, we propose that qPCR of spleen DNA ought to be considered the preferred standard for detection of carriers of Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Sibinga
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hélène Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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6
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Diversification of OmpA and OmpF of Yersinia ruckeri is independent of the underlying species phylogeny and evidence of virulence-related selection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3493. [PMID: 33568758 PMCID: PMC7876001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) which causes economically significant losses in farmed salmonids, especially Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). However, very little is known about the genetic relationships of disease-causing isolates in these two host species or about factors responsible for disease. Phylogenetic analyses of 16 representative isolates based on the nucleotide sequences of 19 housekeeping genes suggests that pathogenic Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates represent distinct host-specific lineages. However, the apparent phylogenies of certain isolates has been influenced by horizontal gene transfer and recombinational exchange. Splits decomposition analysis demonstrated a net-like phylogeny based on the housekeeping genes, characteristic of recombination. Comparative analysis of the distribution of individual housekeeping gene alleles across the isolates demonstrated evidence of genomic mosaicism and recombinational exchange involving certain Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the key outer membrane protein genes ompA and ompF revealed that the corresponding gene trees were both non-congruent with respect to the housekeeping gene phylogenies providing evidence that horizontal gene transfer has influenced the evolution of both these surface protein-encoding genes. Analysis of inferred amino acid sequence variation in OmpA identified a single variant, OmpA.1, that was present in serotype O1 and O8 isolates representing typical pathogenic strains in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively. In particular, the sequence of surface-exposed loop 3 differed by seven amino acids to that of other Y. ruckeri isolates. These findings suggest that positive selection has likely influenced the presence of OmpA.1 in these isolates and that loop 3 may play an important role in virulence. Amino acid sequence variation of OmpF was greater than that of OmpA and was similarly restricted mainly to the surface-exposed loops. Two OmpF variants, OmpF.1 and OmpF.2, were associated with pathogenic rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon isolates, respectively. These OmpF proteins had very similar amino acid sequences suggesting that positive evolutionary pressure has also favoured the selection of these variants in pathogenic strains infecting both species.
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7
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Portnyagina O, Chistyulin D, Dyshlovoy S, Davidova V, Khomenko V, Shevchenko L, Novikova O. OmpF porin from Yersinia ruckeri as pathogenic factor: Surface antigenic sites and biological properties. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104694. [PMID: 33359075 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri as a pathogen induces causative agent of intestinal fish disease called enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is known. In this study, outer membrane OmpF porin from the Y. ruckeri (YrOmpF) has been identified as a pathogenic factor which affects host macrophage activation and life cycle of eukaryotic cells. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequences of the outer loops of YrOmpF L1 loop of the porin is most involved in the structure of B epitopes on the surface of the microbial cell it was found. T epitopes of the isolated YrOmpF trimer not only by linear, but also by discontinuous determinants, which is due to the secondary structure of the protein are represented. It was shown that YrOmpF was twice more cytotoxic to THP-1 cells (human monocytes, cancer cells) in comparison with CHH-1 cells (Oncorhynchus keta cardiac muscle cell, non-cancer cells). It was found YrOmpF induce cell cycle S-phase arrest in both normal CHH-1 and cancer THP-1 cells. In the cancer cells observed effect was most pronounce. In addition, we have observed an induction of apoptosis in THP-1 cell line treated with YrOmpF for 48 h at IC50 (48.6 μg/ml). Significant cytotoxic effect of YrOmpF on primary mouse peritoneal macrophages been detected as well. Of note, co-incubation of macrophages with anti-YrOmpF antibodies could decrease the amount of lactate dehydrogenase, while the number of living cells significantly increased. YrOmpF stimulates the activity of the phagocytic bactericidal systems especially of the oxygen-independent subsystem it was found. Antibodies against YrOmpF decreased MPO release and CP synthesis by peritoneal macrophages and increased their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Portnyagina
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation; School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690090, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry Chistyulin
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Dyshlovoy
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690090, Russian Federation; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Davidova
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Khomenko
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Shevchenko
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Novikova
- G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
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Avendaño-Herrera R, Tapia-Cammas D, Duchaud E, Irgang R. Serological diversity in Flavobacterium psychrophilum: A critical update using isolates retrieved from Chilean salmon farms. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:877-888. [PMID: 32567047 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chile is currently the second largest producer of farmed salmon worldwide, but Flavobacterium psychrophilum, as one of the most detrimental pathogens, is responsible for major losses during the freshwater culturing step in salmonid fish farms. An antigenic study conducted 10 years ago reported four serological groups using 20 F. psychrophilum Chilean strains. To reduce disease outbreaks and to develop vaccine candidates, antigenic knowledge needs to be regularly updated using a significant number of additional recent F. psychrophilum isolates. The present study aimed at investigating the serological diversity of 118 F. psychrophilum isolates collected between 2006 and 2018 from farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The current study supports an expansion of the known antigenic groups in Chile from 4 to 14. However, the use of the slide-agglutination technique for serotyping is costly, is labour-intensive and requires significant technical expertise. Addressing these points, the mPCR-based procedure was a very useful tool for serotyping the collected Chilean F. psychrophilum isolates. This technique revealed the presence of diverse mPCR serotypes (i.e. types 0, 1, 2 and 4). Therefore, mPCR should be employed to select the bacterial strain(s) for vaccine development and to conduct follow-up, selective breeding or epidemiological surveillance in Chilean fish farms. Given the presented findings, changes to Chilean fish-farming practices are vital for ensuring the continued productivity and well-being of farmed salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticosy Biotecnología Acuícolas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Diana Tapia-Cammas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rute Irgang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile
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9
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Torres-Corral Y, Santos Y. Identification and typing of Vagococcus salmoninarum using genomic and proteomic techniques. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:597-612. [PMID: 30742322 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the characterization of Vagococcus salmoninarum using phenotypic, serological, antigenic, genetic and proteomic methods. All strains of V. salmoninarum were resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested, and only 10% of strains were sensitive to florfenicol. Serological analysis demonstrated a high antigenic homogeneity within the species. No cross-reaction was detected with other fish pathogenic species causing streptococcosis (Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum) using serum against V. salmoninarum CECT 5810. Electrophoretic analysis of cell surface proteins and immunoblot supported the antigenic homogeneity within V. salmoninarum strains. Moreover, limited diversity was detected using genomic (RAPD, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR) and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses. The phenotypic, genomic and proteomic methods tested allowed the rapid differentiation of V. salmoninarum from the other species causing streptococcosis. However, MALDI-TOF-MS is the most promising method for typing and characterization of V. salmoninarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Torres-Corral
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Edificio CIBUS Facultad de Biología and Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ysabel Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Edificio CIBUS Facultad de Biología and Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Comparative bioinformatic and proteomic approaches to evaluate the outer membrane proteome of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. J Proteomics 2019; 199:135-147. [PMID: 30831250 PMCID: PMC6447952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is associated primarily with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are located at the host-pathogen interface and play important roles in virulence. The outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and little is known about its composition and the roles of individual OMPs in virulence. Here, we employed a bioinformatic pipeline to first predict the OMP composition of Y. ruckeri. Comparative proteomic approaches were subsequently used to identify those proteins expressed in vitro in eight representative isolates recovered from Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes and 77 of these were identified in three or more genomes and were considered as “core” proteins. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic approaches together identified 65 OMPs in a single reference isolate and subsequent gel-free analysis identified 64 OMPs in the eight Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates. Together, our gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. Significance Yersinia ruckeri is an important pathogen of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and is of major economic significance to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Disease outbreaks are becoming more problematic in Atlantic salmon and there is an urgent need to investigate in further detail the cell-surface (outer membrane) composition of strains infecting each of these host species. Currently, the outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and very little is known about the OMP composition of strains infecting each of these salmonid species. This study represents the most comprehensive comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date, encompassing isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin and provides insights into the potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. The study has identified key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis and makes a significant contribution to furthering our understanding of the cell-surface composition of this important fish pathogen that will be relevant to the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics. Most complete comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date Comprised isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. Key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis identified. Elucidates potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. Furthers our understanding of the cell-surface composition of an important pathogen.
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11
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Wang E, Qin Z, Yu Z, Ai X, Wang K, Yang Q, Liu T, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Lai W. Molecular Characterization, Phylogenetic, Expression, and Protective Immunity Analysis of OmpF, a Promising Candidate Immunogen Against Yersinia ruckeri Infection in Channel Catfish. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2003. [PMID: 30271401 PMCID: PMC6146100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane porins, as the major components of Gram-negative bacterial membrane proteins, have been proven to be involved in interactions with the host immune system and potent protective antigen candidates against bacterial infection in fish. Outer membrane porin F (OmpF) is one of the major porins of Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri), the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease of salmonid and non-salmonid fish. In the present study, the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of OmpF gene was studied, heterogenous expression, immunogenicity and protective immunity of OmpF were systemically evaluated as a subunit vaccine for channel catfish against Y. ruckeri infection. The results showed that OmpF gene was highly conserved among 15 known Yersinia species based on the analysis of conserved motifs, sequences alignment and phylogenetic tree, and was subjected to negative/purifying selection with global dN/dS ratios value of 0.649 throughout the evolution. Besides, OmpF was also identified to have immunogenicity by western blotting and was verified to be located on the surface of Y. ruckeri using cell surface staining and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, recombinant OmpF (rtOmpF) as a subunit vaccine was injected with commercial adjuvant ISA763, significantly enhanced the immune response by increasing serum antibody levels, lysozyme activity, complement C3 activity, total protein content, SOD activity, immune-related genes expression in the head kidney and spleen, and survival percent of channel catfish against Y. ruckeri infection. Thus, our present results not only enriched the information of molecular characterization and phylogenetics of OmpF, but also demonstrated that OmpF holds promise to be used as a potential antigen against Y. ruckeri infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyang Qin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of Yersinia ruckeri Confirms the Existence of Host Specificity, Geographic Endemism, and Anthropogenic Dissemination of Virulent Clones. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00730-18. [PMID: 29884756 PMCID: PMC6070765 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00730-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive population study substantially improves our understanding of the epizootiological history and nature of an internationally important fish-pathogenic bacterium. The MLVA assay developed and presented represents a high-resolution typing tool particularly well suited for Yersinia ruckeri infection tracing, selection of strains for vaccine inclusion, and risk assessment. The ability of the assay to separate isolates into geographically linked and/or possibly host-specific clusters reflects its potential utility for maintenance of national biosecurity. The MLVA is internationally applicable and robust, and it provides clear, unambiguous, and easily interpreted results. Typing is reasonably inexpensive, with a moderate technological requirement, and may be completed from a harvested colony within a single working day. As the resulting MLVA profiles are readily portable, any Y. ruckeri strain may rapidly be placed in a global epizootiological context. A multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) assay was developed for epizootiological study of the internationally significant fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, which causes yersiniosis in salmonids. The assay involves amplification of 10 variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci in two five-plex PCRs, followed by capillary electrophoresis. A collection of 484 Y. ruckeri isolates, originating from various biological sources and collected from four continents over 7 decades, was analyzed. Minimum-spanning-tree cluster analysis of MLVA profiles separated the studied population into nine major clonal complexes and a number of minor clusters and singletons. The major clonal complexes could be associated with host species, geographic origin, and serotype. A single large clonal complex of serotype O1 isolates dominating the yersiniosis situation in international rainbow trout farming suggests anthropogenic spread of this clone, possibly related to transport of fish. Moreover, subclustering within this clonal complex indicates putative transmission routes and multiple biotype shift events. In contrast to the situation in rainbow trout, Y. ruckeri strains associated with disease in Atlantic salmon appear as more or less geographically isolated clonal complexes. A single complex of serotype O1 exclusive to Norway was found to be responsible for almost all major yersiniosis outbreaks in modern Norwegian salmon farming, and site-specific subclustering further indicates persistent colonization of freshwater farms in Norway. Identification of genetically diverse Y. ruckeri isolates from clinically healthy fish and environmental sources also suggests the widespread existence of less-virulent or avirulent strains. IMPORTANCE This comprehensive population study substantially improves our understanding of the epizootiological history and nature of an internationally important fish-pathogenic bacterium. The MLVA assay developed and presented represents a high-resolution typing tool particularly well suited for Yersinia ruckeri infection tracing, selection of strains for vaccine inclusion, and risk assessment. The ability of the assay to separate isolates into geographically linked and/or possibly host-specific clusters reflects its potential utility for maintenance of national biosecurity. The MLVA is internationally applicable and robust, and it provides clear, unambiguous, and easily interpreted results. Typing is reasonably inexpensive, with a moderate technological requirement, and may be completed from a harvested colony within a single working day. As the resulting MLVA profiles are readily portable, any Y. ruckeri strain may rapidly be placed in a global epizootiological context.
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Avendaño-Herrera R, Tapia-Cammas D, Aedo A, Saldivia P, Ortega C, Irgang R. Disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri serotype O2b found in Chilean-farmed coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:279-285. [PMID: 27193605 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Quintay, Chile
| | - D Tapia-Cammas
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - A Aedo
- Laboratorio de Salud, Aquagestion S.A., Villarrica, Chile
| | - P Saldivia
- Laboratorio de Salud, Aquagestion S.A., Villarrica, Chile
| | - C Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - R Irgang
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
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Zoccola E, Kellie S, Barnes AC. Immune transcriptome reveals the mincle C-type lectin receptor acts as a partial replacement for TLR4 in lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response in barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Mol Immunol 2017; 83:33-45. [PMID: 28095348 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish represent the most diverse and abundant extant vertebrate infraclass. They are also one of the earliest divergent phyla with adaptive immunity based on antigen recognition by MHC and immunoglobulin. The aquaculture industry, which currently provides more than half of the fish for human consumption globally, has successfully exploited the adaptive immune system of fish through mass vaccination programs. However, vaccination against highly diverse antigens, mostly carbohydrates, such as capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is challenging. Fish have a subdued innate response to LPS, but adaptive response is generally high and type-specific. To better understand the link between initial innate response and early onset of adaptive immunity to carbohydrate antigens in the perciform barramundi (Lates calcarifer), an immune transcriptome was prepared from pronephros and spleen following vaccination with LPS and peptidoglycan. From 163,661 transcripts derived by Illumina mRNA-Seq, most grouped in neuronal, endocrine or immune system categories, suggesting a close relationship between the three systems. Moreover, digestive enzyme transcripts in spleen appeared to be highly inducible in barramundi. Most of the known TLRs were transcribed in the barramundi spleen and HK transcriptome, with the notable exception of TLR4, which is primarily responsible for LPS recognition in mammals. Several C-type lectin receptors were also identified, including CD209, CD205, and CLEC4E (Mincle). As Mincle has been shown to bind LPS and is abundant on dendritic cells, its role in response to LPS in barramundi was further investigated. A high dose of LPS induced TNF-alpha expression via Mincle. However, IL-6 regulation, whilst still regulated in response to LPS, did not depend upon the Mincle pathway, suggesting other routes of activation. This study thus suggests that Mincle acts as a partial substitute for TLR4 in barramundi in the processing of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Zoccola
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Barnes AC, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Gudkovs N, Brosnahan C, Morrison R, Carson J. Whole genome analysis of Yersinia ruckeri isolated over 27 years in Australia and New Zealand reveals geographical endemism over multiple lineages and recent evolution under host selection. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000095. [PMID: 28348835 PMCID: PMC5320707 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a salmonid pathogen with widespread distribution in cool-temperate waters including Australia and New Zealand, two isolated environments with recently developed salmonid farming industries. Phylogenetic comparison of 58 isolates from Australia, New Zealand, USA, Chile, Finland and China based on non-recombinant core genome SNPs revealed multiple deep-branching lineages, with a most recent common ancestor estimated at 18 500 years BP (12 355–24 757 95% HPD) and evidence of Australasian endemism. Evolution within the Tasmanian Atlantic salmon serotype O1b lineage has been slow, with 63 SNPs describing the variance over 27 years. Isolates from the prevailing lineage are poorly/non-motile compared to a lineage pre-vaccination, introduced in 1997, which is highly motile but has not been isolated since from epizootics. A non-motile phenotype has arisen independently in Tasmania compared to Europe and USA through a frameshift in fliI, encoding the ATPase of the flagella cluster. We report for the first time lipopolysaccharide O-antigen serotype O2 isolates in Tasmania. This phenotype results from deletion of the O-antigen cluster and consequent loss of high-molecular-weight O-antigen. This phenomenon has occurred independently on three occasions on three continents (Australasia, North America and Asia) as O2 isolates from the USA, China and Tasmania share the O-antigen deletion but occupy distant lineages. Despite the European and North American origins of the Australasian salmonid stocks, the lineages of Y. ruckeri in Australia and New Zealand are distinct from those of the northern hemisphere, suggesting they are pre-existing ancient strains that have emerged and evolved with the introduction of susceptible hosts following European colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Barnes
- 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gehrmann Laboratories (60), St Lucia, Brisbane, QL 4072, Australia
| | - Jerome Delamare-Deboutteville
- 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gehrmann Laboratories (60), St Lucia, Brisbane, QL 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Gudkovs
- 2CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Newcomb, VIC 3219, Australia
| | - Cara Brosnahan
- 3Ministry for Primary Industries, Animal Health Laboratory, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Richard Morrison
- 4Department of Primary Industries Parks Water & Environment (DPIPWE), Kings Meadows, Launceston, TAS 7249, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carson
- 4Department of Primary Industries Parks Water & Environment (DPIPWE), Kings Meadows, Launceston, TAS 7249, Australia
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Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5785-94. [PMID: 27451448 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01173-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Yersinia ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon have been poorly characterized, and very little is known about the relationship of the isolates associated with these two species. Phenotypic approaches were used to characterize 109 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered over a 14-year period from infected Atlantic salmon in Scotland; 26 isolates from infected rainbow trout were also characterized. Biotyping, serotyping, and comparison of outer membrane protein profiles identified 19 Y. ruckeri clones associated with Atlantic salmon but only five associated with rainbow trout; none of the Atlantic salmon clones occurred in rainbow trout and vice versa These findings suggest that distinct subpopulations of Y. ruckeri are associated with each species. A new O serotype (designated O8) was identified in 56 biotype 1 Atlantic salmon isolates and was the most common serotype identified from 2006 to 2011 and in 2014, suggesting an increased prevalence during the time period sampled. Rainbow trout isolates were represented almost exclusively by the same biotype 2, serotype O1 clone that has been responsible for the majority of ERM outbreaks in this species within the United Kingdom since the 1980s. However, the identification of two biotype 2, serotype O8 isolates in rainbow trout suggests that vaccines containing serotypes O1 and O8 should be evaluated in both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon for application in Scotland. IMPORTANCE Vaccination plays an important role in protecting Atlantic salmon against the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but, in recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of vaccine breakdown in salmon. This is largely because current vaccines are aimed at rainbow trout and are based on serotypes specific for this species. A wider range of serotypes is responsible for infection in Atlantic salmon, but very little is known about the diversity of these strains and their relationships to those recovered from rainbow trout. In the present study, we demonstrate that Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon in Scotland are more diverse than those from rainbow trout; furthermore, isolates from the two species represent distinct subpopulations. In addition, a new O serotype was identified that is responsible for a significant proportion of the disease in Atlantic salmon. Our findings are likely to have important implications for the development of improved vaccines against Y. ruckeri.
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Sandoval C, Infante J, Abad J, Ferguson HW, Paredes E, Valdebenito S, Yáñez AJ, Ilardi P, Avendaño-Herrera R. Case Report: Strawberry Disease in Farmed Chilean Rainbow Trout. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:1-10. [PMID: 26913369 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2015.1114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry disease is a chronic, nonlethal skin condition that affects Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the United States and several European countries, where it is also known as red-mark syndrome. We provide the first identification and characterization of three strawberry disease outbreaks occurring at two aquaculture farms in southern Chile. Clinically affected fish weighing an average of 400 g presented multiple bright-red, usually raised, skin lesions on the flank, ventral surface, and dorsal surface. A PCR using Rickettsia-like-organism (RLO)-specific primers was performed on nine affected fish, and all skin samples were positive for the RLO 16S ribosomal RNA sequence. All PCR results for Flavobacterium psychrophilum and other bacterial and viral pathogens were negative. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions revealed extensive dermatitis, with severe lymphocytic infiltration in advanced cases. This report is the first to describe strawberry disease in farmed Chilean Rainbow Trout. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the risk for Rainbow Trout culture; fish challenge experiments should be performed to fulfill Koch's postulates and to demonstrate that RLO is the cause of this disease. Received December 27, 2014; accepted October 23, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sandoval
- a Veterquímica Sociedad Anónima, Research and Development Laboratory , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago , Chile
| | - Jorge Infante
- a Veterquímica Sociedad Anónima, Research and Development Laboratory , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago , Chile
| | - Jessica Abad
- a Veterquímica Sociedad Anónima, Research and Development Laboratory , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago , Chile
| | - Hugh W Ferguson
- b Marine Medicine Programme , School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University , Grenada , West Indies
| | - Enrique Paredes
- c Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Samuel Valdebenito
- a Veterquímica Sociedad Anónima, Research and Development Laboratory , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago , Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- d Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
- e Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research , Concepción , Chile
| | - Pedro Ilardi
- a Veterquímica Sociedad Anónima, Research and Development Laboratory , Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago , Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- e Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research , Concepción , Chile
- f Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnologáa Acuácola , Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello , Viña del Mar , Chile
- g Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay , Quintay , Chile
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Bastardo A, Ravelo C, Romalde JL. Phylogeography of Yersinia ruckeri reveals effects of past evolutionary events on the current strain distribution and explains variations in the global transmission of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1198. [PMID: 26579104 PMCID: PMC4625090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic patterns and population genetic structure of Yersinia ruckeri, the pathological agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonids, were investigated on the basis of concatenated multiloci sequences from isolates of different phenotypes obtained between 1965 and 2009 from diverse areas and hosts. Sequence analyses revealed genetic differentiation among subpopulations with the largest genetic distance occurring between subpopulations of Europe and Canada and/or South America. Bayesian analysis indicated the presence of three ancestral population clusters. Mismatch distribution displayed signatures characteristic of changes in size due to demographic and spatial expansions in the overall Y. ruckeri population, and also in the geographically separate subpopulations. Furthermore, a weak signal of isolation by distance was determined. A significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances was observed. These results revealed that the population of Y. ruckeri has undergone both ancient and recent population changes that were probably induced by biogeography forces in the past and, much more recently, by adaptive processes forced by aquaculture expansion. These findings have important implications for future studies on Y. ruckeri population dynamics, on the potential role of genetic structure to explain variations in ERM transmission, and on the effect of past evolutionary events on current estimations of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmine Bastardo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Estación de Investigaciones Hidrobiológicas de Guayana, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales San Félix, Venezuela
| | - Carmen Ravelo
- Estación de Investigaciones Hidrobiológicas de Guayana, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales San Félix, Venezuela
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Huang Y, Jung A, Schäfer WJ, Mock D, Brenner Michael G, Runge M, Schwarz S, Steinhagen D. Analysis of Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from trout farms in northwest Germany. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 116:243-249. [PMID: 26503779 DOI: 10.3354/dao02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is among the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture in Europe. Our aim was to analyse the persistence of Y. ruckeri strains in trout farms in northwest Germany and their dissemination between farms based on a detailed molecular and phenotypical characterisation scheme. The data on identification and characterisation of Y. ruckeri strains and examining the distribution of these strains in the field could serve as a basis for preventive disease monitoring plans. During the observation period from June 2011 until June 2012, we collected 48 Y. ruckeri isolates from 12 different rainbow trout hatcheries. In total, 44 (91.7%) of the isolates were non-motile; in particular, all isolates recovered during the sampling period in winter and early spring were non-motile. In several trout farms, characteristic farm-specific Y. ruckeri isolates from particular typing groups were isolated throughout the year, while in other farms, which had a trading relationship between each other, ERM outbreaks were caused by Y. ruckeri from the same typing group. Our data indicate that in some farms, the causative Y. ruckeri strains persisted in the respective trout farm. The presence of Y. ruckeri from the same typing group in farms with a trading relationship indicates a dissemination of the infection between the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Huang
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Calvez S, Fournel C, Douet DG, Daniel P. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing for characterizing genotype variability of Yersinia ruckeri isolated from farmed fish in France. Vet Res 2015; 46:73. [PMID: 26104532 PMCID: PMC4477544 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a pathogen that has an impact on aquaculture worldwide. The disease caused by this bacterial species, yersiniosis or redmouth disease, generates substantial economic losses due to the associated mortality and veterinary costs. For predicting outbreaks and improving control strategies, it is important to characterize the population structure of the bacteria. The phenotypic and genetic homogeneities described previously indicate a clonal population structure as observed in other fish bacteria. In this study, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to describe a population of isolates from outbreaks on French fish farms. For the PFGE analysis, two enzymes (NotI and AscI) were used separately and together. Results from combining the enzymes showed the great homogeneity of the outbreak population with a similarity > 80.0% but a high variability within the cluster (cut-off value = 80.0%) with a total of 43 pulsotypes described and an index of diversity = 0.93. The dominant pulsotypes described with NotI (PtN4 and PtN7) have already been described in other European countries (Finland, Germany, Denmark, Spain and Italy). The MLST approach showed two dominant sequence types (ST31 and ST36), an epidemic structure of the French Y. ruckeri population and a preferentially clonal evolution for rainbow trout isolates. Our results point to multiple types of selection pressure on the Y. ruckeri population attributable to geographical origin, ecological niche specialization and movements of farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Calvez
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR1300 Biologie, Épidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, F-44307, Nantes, France.
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR, F-44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Catherine Fournel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR1300 Biologie, Épidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, F-44307, Nantes, France.
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR, F-44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Diane-Gaëlle Douet
- GDSAA, Groupe de Défense Sanitaire Aquacole Aquitain, F-40000, Mont de Marsan, France.
| | - Patrick Daniel
- Laboratoire des Pyrénées et des Landes, F-40000, Mont de Marsan, France.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri Strain 37551, Serotype O1b, Isolated from Diseased, Vaccinated Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Chile. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00858-14. [PMID: 25169862 PMCID: PMC4148730 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00858-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced the genome of a motile O1b Yersinia ruckeri field isolate from Chile, which is causing enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in vaccinated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The draft genome has 3,775,486 bp, a G+C content of 47.1%, and is predicted to contain 3,406 coding sequences.
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Huang Y, Runge M, Michael GB, Schwarz S, Jung A, Steinhagen D. Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in North West Germany. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:215. [PMID: 24144165 PMCID: PMC4016151 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is one of the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Europe. More recently, non-motile vaccine resistant isolates appear to have evolved and are causing disease problems throughout Europe, including Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation of biochemical and molecular characteristics of Y. ruckeri isolates collected in north west Germany as a basis for strain differentiation. The isolates originated mainly from rainbow trout and were characterised by biochemical profiling, 16S rDNA sequencing, repetitive sequence-based PCRs, including (GTG)5-PCR, BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results In total, 83 isolates were characterised, including 48 isolates collected during a field study in north west Germany. All isolates were confirmed as Y. ruckeri by the API 20E system. Five isolates were additionally confirmed as Y. ruckeri by Y. ruckeri-specific PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Only 17 isolates hydrolyzed Tween 80/20. Sixty-six isolates (79.5%) were non-motile. Two different patterns were obtained by REP-PCR, five patterns by ERIC-PCR, four patterns by (GTG)5-PCR and three patterns by BOX-PCR. NotI-directed PFGE resulted in 17 patterns that differed from each other by 25–29 fragments. Isolates from the field study clustered together as PFGE type C. According to the results of API 20E, repetitive sequence-based PCRs and PFGE, these isolates could be subdivided into 27 different groups. Conclusions The detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisation scheme developed in this study could be used to help trace the dissemination of Y. ruckeri isolates, and thus may represent part of improved disease monitoring plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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Bastardo A, Ravelo C, Romalde JL. A polyphasic approach to study the intraspecific diversity of Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from recent outbreaks in salmonid culture. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:176-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Highly sensitive detection and quantification of the pathogen Yersinia ruckeri in fish tissues by using real-time PCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:511-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Bastardo A, Ravelo C, Romalde JL. Multilocus sequence typing reveals high genetic diversity and epidemic population structure for the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. Environ Microbiol 2012; 14:1888-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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