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Olszewska M, Malcher A, Stokowy T, Pollock N, Berman AJ, Budkiewicz S, Kamieniczna M, Jackowiak H, Suszynska-Zajczyk J, Jedrzejczak P, Yatsenko AN, Kurpisz M. Effects of Tcte1 knockout on energy chain transportation and spermatogenesis: implications for male infertility. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae020. [PMID: 38650655 PMCID: PMC11035007 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the Tcte1 mutation causative for male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER Our collected data underline the complex and devastating effect of the single-gene mutation on the testicular molecular network, leading to male reproductive failure. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Recent data have revealed mutations in genes related to axonemal dynein arms as causative for morphology and motility abnormalities in spermatozoa of infertile males, including dysplasia of fibrous sheath (DFS) and multiple morphological abnormalities in the sperm flagella (MMAF). The nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) coordinates the dynein arm activity and is built from the DRC1-DRC7 proteins. DRC5 (TCTE1), one of the N-DRC elements, has already been reported as a candidate for abnormal sperm flagella beating; however, only in a restricted manner with no clear explanation of respective observations. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique, a mouse Tcte1 gene knockout line was created on the basis of the C57Bl/6J strain. The mouse reproductive potential, semen characteristics, testicular gene expression levels, sperm ATP, and testis apoptosis level measurements were then assessed, followed by visualization of N-DRC proteins in sperm, and protein modeling in silico. Also, a pilot genomic sequencing study of samples from human infertile males (n = 248) was applied for screening of TCTE1 variants. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS To check the reproductive potential of KO mice, adult animals were crossed for delivery of three litters per caged pair, but for no longer than for 6 months, in various combinations of zygosity. All experiments were performed for wild-type (WT, control group), heterozygous Tcte1+/- and homozygous Tcte1-/- male mice. Gross anatomy was performed on testis and epididymis samples, followed by semen analysis. Sequencing of RNA (RNAseq; Illumina) was done for mice testis tissues. STRING interactions were checked for protein-protein interactions, based on changed expression levels of corresponding genes identified in the mouse testis RNAseq experiments. Immunofluorescence in situ staining was performed to detect the N-DRC complex proteins: Tcte1 (Drc5), Drc7, Fbxl13 (Drc6), and Eps8l1 (Drc3) in mouse spermatozoa. To determine the amount of ATP in spermatozoa, the luminescence level was measured. In addition, immunofluorescence in situ staining was performed to check the level of apoptosis via caspase 3 visualization on mouse testis samples. DNA from whole blood samples of infertile males (n = 137 with non-obstructive azoospermia or cryptozoospermia, n = 111 samples with a spectrum of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, including n = 47 with asthenozoospermia) was extracted to perform genomic sequencing (WGS, WES, or Sanger). Protein prediction modeling of human-identified variants and the exon 3 structure deleted in the mouse knockout was also performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE No progeny at all was found for the homozygous males which were revealed to have oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, while heterozygous animals were fertile but manifested oligozoospermia, suggesting haploinsufficiency. RNA-sequencing of the testicular tissue showed the influence of Tcte1 mutations on the expression pattern of 21 genes responsible for mitochondrial ATP processing or linked with apoptosis or spermatogenesis. In Tcte1-/- males, the protein was revealed in only residual amounts in the sperm head nucleus and was not transported to the sperm flagella, as were other N-DRC components. Decreased ATP levels (2.4-fold lower) were found in the spermatozoa of homozygous mice, together with disturbed tail:midpiece ratios, leading to abnormal sperm tail beating. Casp3-positive signals (indicating apoptosis) were observed in spermatogonia only, at a similar level in all three mouse genotypes. Mutation screening of human infertile males revealed one novel and five ultra-rare heterogeneous variants (predicted as disease-causing) in 6.05% of the patients studied. Protein prediction modeling of identified variants revealed changes in the protein surface charge potential, leading to disruption in helix flexibility or its dynamics, thus suggesting disrupted interactions of TCTE1 with its binding partners located within the axoneme. LARGE SCALE DATA All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. RNAseq data are available in the GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the accession number GSE207805. The results described in the publication are based on whole-genome or exome sequencing data which includes sensitive information in the form of patient-specific germline variants. Information regarding such variants must not be shared publicly following European Union legislation, therefore access to raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION In the study, the in vitro fertilization performance of sperm from homozygous male mice was not checked. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study contains novel and comprehensive data concerning the role of TCTE1 in male infertility. The TCTE1 gene is the next one that should be added to the 'male infertility list' because of its crucial role in spermatogenesis and proper sperm functioning. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by National Science Centre in Poland, grants no.: 2015/17/B/NZ2/01157 and 2020/37/B/NZ5/00549 (to M.K.), 2017/26/D/NZ5/00789 (to A.M.), and HD096723, GM127569-03, NIH SAP #4100085736 PA DoH (to A.N.Y.). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nijole Pollock
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea J Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sylwia Budkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Jedrzejczak
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander N Yatsenko
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Sharma R, Kalot R, Levin Y, Babayeva S, Kachurina N, Chung CF, Liu KJ, Bouchard M, Torban E. The CPLANE protein Fuzzy regulates ciliogenesis by suppressing actin polymerization at the base of the primary cilium via p190A RhoGAP. Development 2024; 151:dev202322. [PMID: 38546045 PMCID: PMC11006408 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium decorates most eukaryotic cells and regulates tissue morphogenesis and maintenance. Structural or functional defects of primary cilium result in ciliopathies, congenital human disorders affecting multiple organs. Pathogenic variants in the ciliogenesis and planar cell polarity effectors (CPLANE) genes FUZZY, INTU and WDPCP disturb ciliogenesis, causing severe ciliopathies in humans and mice. Here, we show that the loss of Fuzzy in mice results in defects of primary cilia, accompanied by increased RhoA activity and excessive actin polymerization at the basal body. We discovered that, mechanistically, Fuzzy interacts with and recruits the negative actin regulator ARHGAP35 (also known as p190A RhoGAP) to the basal body. We identified genetic interactions between the two genes and found that a mutant ArhGAP35 allele increases the severity of phenotypic defects observed in Fuzzy-/- mice. Based on our findings, we propose that Fuzzy regulates ciliogenesis by recruiting ARHGAP35 to the basal body, where the latter likely restricts actin polymerization and modifies the actin network. Our study identifies a mechanism whereby CPLANE proteins control both actin polymerization and primary cilium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhythm Sharma
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Yossef Levin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Sima Babayeva
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Nadezda Kachurina
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Chen-Feng Chung
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine of the McGill University,McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
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Zhang X, Yao S, Zhang L, Yang L, Yang M, Guo Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Lei B, Jin X. Mechanisms underlying morphological and functional changes of cilia in fibroblasts derived from patients bearing ARL3 T31A and ARL3 T31A/C118F mutations. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23519. [PMID: 38457249 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301906r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ARL3 is essential for cilia development, and mutations in ARL3 are closely associated with ciliopathies. In a previous study, we observed distinct phenotypes of retinal dystrophy in patients with heterozygous ARL3T31A and compound heterozygous ARL3T31A/C118F mutations, indicating that different mutation types may exert diverse effects on their functions. Here, we generated transformed immortal fibroblast cells from patients carrying heterozygous ARL3T31A and compound heterozygous ARL3T31A/C118F mutations, and systematically evaluated their cilia morphology and function, which were further validated in ARPE-19 cells. Results showed that both ARL3T31A and ARL3T31A/C118F mutations led to a decrease in cilium formation. The ARL3T31A/C118F mutations caused significantly elongated cilia and impaired retrograde transport, whereas the ARL3T31A mutation did not induce significant changes in fibroblasts. RNA-sequencing results indicated that compared to ARL3T31A , ARL3T31A/C118F fibroblasts exhibited a higher enrichment of biological processes related to neuron projection development, tissue morphogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, with noticeable alterations in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and TGF-β signaling. Similar changes were observed in the proteomic results in ARPE-19 cells. Core regulated genes including IQUB, UNC13D, RAB3IP, and GRIP1 were specifically downregulated in the ARL3T31A/C118F group, and expressions of IQUB, NPM2, and SLC38A4 were further validated. Additionally, IQUB showed a rescuing effect on the overlong cilia observed in ARL3T31A/C118F fibroblasts. Our results not only enhance our understanding of ARL3-related diseases but also provide new insights into the analysis of heterozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Jin
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Cenni V, Sabatelli P, Di Martino A, Merlini L, Antoniel M, Squarzoni S, Neri S, Santi S, Metti S, Bonaldo P, Faldini C. Collagen VI Deficiency Impairs Tendon Fibroblasts Mechanoresponse in Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38474342 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds cells. Interactions with the PCM enable the cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals, triggering a proper adaptive response. Collagen VI is a component of muscle and tendon PCM. Mutations in collagen VI genes cause a distinctive group of inherited skeletal muscle diseases, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is the most severe form. In addition to muscle weakness, UCMD patients show structural and functional changes of the tendon PCM. In this study, we investigated whether PCM alterations due to collagen VI mutations affect the response of tendon fibroblasts to mechanical stimulation. By taking advantage of human tendon cultures obtained from unaffected donors and from UCMD patients, we analyzed the morphological and functional properties of cellular mechanosensors. We found that the length of the primary cilia of UCMD cells was longer than that of controls. Unlike controls, in UCMD cells, both cilia prevalence and length were not recovered after mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, under the same experimental conditions, the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is related to cilia activity, was impaired in UCMD cells. Finally, UCMD tendon cells exposed to mechanical stimuli showed altered focal adhesions, as well as impaired activation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and mechanoresponsive genes downstream of YAP. By exploring the response to mechanical stimulation, for the first time, our findings uncover novel unreported mechanistic aspects of the physiopathology of UCMD-derived tendon fibroblasts and point at a role for collagen VI in the modulation of mechanotransduction in tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- 1st Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Antoniel
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele Metti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Khowal S, Zhang D, Yong WH, Heaney AP. Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants that may play a role in neurocytomas. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:471-483. [PMID: 38319496 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurocytomas (NCs) are rare intracranial tumors that can often be surgically resected. However, disease course is unpredictable in many patients and medical therapies are lacking. We have used whole exome sequencing to explore the molecular etiology for neurocytoma and assist in target identification to develop novel therapeutic interventions. METHODS We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to compare the molecular landscape of 21 primary & recurrent NCs to five normal cerebellar control samples. WES data was analyzed using the Qiagen Clinical Insight program, variants of interest (VOI) were interrogated using ConSurf, ScoreCons, & Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Software to predict their potential functional effects, and Copy number variations (CNVs) in the genes of interest were analyzed by Genewiz (Azenta Life Sciences). RESULTS Of 40 VOI involving thirty-six genes, 7 were pathogenic, 17 likely-pathogenic, and 16 of uncertain-significance. Of seven pathogenic NC associated variants, Glucosylceramidase beta 1 [GBA1 c.703T > C (p.S235P)] was mutated in 5/21 (24%), Coagulation factor VIII [F8 c.3637dupA (p.I1213fs*28)] in 4/21 (19%), Phenylalanine hydroxylase [PAH c.975C > A (p.Y325*)] in 3/21 (14%), and Fanconi anemia complementation group C [FANCC c.1162G > T (p.G388*)], Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 [CHD7 c.2839C > T (p.R947*)], Myosin VIIA [MYO7A c.940G > T (p.E314*)] and Dynein axonemal heavy chain 11 [DNAH11 c.3544C > T (p.R1182*)] in 2/21 (9.5%) NCs respectively. CNVs were noted in 85% of these latter 7 genes. Interestingly, a Carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 [CTDSP2 c.472G > A (p.E158K)] of uncertain significance was also found in > 70% of NC cases. INTERPRETATION The variants of interest we identified in the NCs regulate a variety of neurological processes including cilia motility, cell metabolism, immune responses, and DNA damage repair and provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of these extremely rare tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Anthony P Heaney
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Kalot R, Sentell Z, Kitzler TM, Torban E. Primary cilia and actin regulatory pathways in renal ciliopathies. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 3:1331847. [PMID: 38292052 PMCID: PMC10824913 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1331847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects to the structure or function of the primary cilium. They often affect multiple organs, leading to brain malformations, congenital heart defects, and anomalies of the retina or skeletal system. Kidney abnormalities are among the most frequent ciliopathic phenotypes manifesting as smaller, dysplastic, and cystic kidneys that are often accompanied by renal fibrosis. Many renal ciliopathies cause chronic kidney disease and often progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating replacing therapies. There are more than 35 known ciliopathies; each is a rare hereditary condition, yet collectively they account for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The primary cilium is a tiny microtubule-based organelle at the apex of almost all vertebrate cells. It serves as a "cellular antenna" surveying environment outside the cell and transducing this information inside the cell to trigger multiple signaling responses crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hundreds of proteins and unique cellular mechanisms are involved in cilia formation. Recent evidence suggests that actin remodeling and regulation at the base of the primary cilium strongly impacts ciliogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary cilium, focusing on the role of actin cytoskeleton and its regulators in ciliogenesis. We then describe the key clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of renal ciliopathies. We highlight what is known about actin regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases with the aim to consider these recent molecular findings as potential therapeutic targets for renal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary Sentell
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Kitzler
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lyu Q, Li Q, Zhou J, Zhao H. Formation and function of multiciliated cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307150. [PMID: 38032388 PMCID: PMC10689204 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, multiciliated cells (MCCs) are terminally differentiated cells that line the airway tracts, brain ventricles, and reproductive ducts. Each MCC contains dozens to hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a synchronized manner to drive fluid flow across epithelia, the dysfunction of which is associated with a group of human diseases referred to as motile ciliopathies, such as primary cilia dyskinesia. Given the dynamic and complex process of multiciliogenesis, the biological events essential for forming multiple motile cilia are comparatively unelucidated. Thanks to advancements in genetic tools, omics technologies, and structural biology, significant progress has been achieved in the past decade in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of multiple motile cilia formation. In this review, we discuss recent studies with ex vivo culture MCC and animal models, summarize current knowledge of multiciliogenesis, and particularly highlight recent advances and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lyu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Verbruggen SW, Nolan J, Duffy MP, Pearce OM, Jacobs CR, Knight MM. A Novel Primary Cilium-Mediated Mechanism Through which Osteocytes Regulate Metastatic Behavior of Both Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305842. [PMID: 37967351 PMCID: PMC10787058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases are a common cause of suffering in breast and prostate cancer patients, however, the interaction between bone cells and cancer cells is poorly understood. Using a series of co-culture, conditioned media, human cancer spheroid, and organ-on-a-chip experiments, this study reveals that osteocytes suppress cancer cell proliferation and increase migration via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion. This action is regulated by osteocyte primary cilia and associated intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88). Furthermore, it shows that cancer cells block this mechanism by secreting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which disrupts osteocyte cilia and IFT88 gene expression. This bi-directional crosstalk signaling between osteocytes and cancer cells is common to both breast and prostate cancer. This study also proposes that osteocyte inhibition of cancer cell proliferation decreases as cancer cells increase, producing more TGF-β. Hence, a positive feedback loop develops accelerating metastatic tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of cancer cell-osteocyte signaling in regulating breast and prostate bone metastases and support the development of therapies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W. Verbruggen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
- Centre for Predictive in vitro ModelsQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Joanne Nolan
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
- Barts Cancer InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6AUUK
| | - Michael P. Duffy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Oliver M.T. Pearce
- Barts Cancer InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6AUUK
| | - Christopher R. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Martin M. Knight
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
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9
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Serres MP, Shaughnessy R, Escot S, Hammich H, Cuvelier F, Salles A, Rocancourt M, Verdon Q, Gaffuri AL, Sourigues Y, Malherbe G, Velikovsky L, Chardon F, Sassoon N, Tinevez JY, Callebaut I, Formstecher E, Houdusse A, David NB, Pylypenko O, Echard A. MiniBAR/GARRE1 is a dual Rac and Rab effector required for ciliogenesis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2477-2494.e8. [PMID: 37875118 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Cilia protrude from the cell surface and play critical roles in intracellular signaling, environmental sensing, and development. Reduced actin-dependent contractility and intracellular trafficking are both required for ciliogenesis, but little is known about how these processes are coordinated. Here, we identified a Rac1- and Rab35-binding protein with a truncated BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain that we named MiniBAR (also known as KIAA0355/GARRE1), which plays a key role in ciliogenesis. MiniBAR colocalizes with Rac1 and Rab35 at the plasma membrane and on intracellular vesicles trafficking to the ciliary base and exhibits fast pulses at the ciliary membrane. MiniBAR depletion leads to short cilia, resulting from abnormal Rac-GTP/Rho-GTP levels and increased acto-myosin-II-dependent contractility together with defective trafficking of IFT88 and ARL13B into cilia. MiniBAR-depleted zebrafish embryos display dysfunctional short cilia and hallmarks of ciliopathies, including left-right asymmetry defects. Thus, MiniBAR is a dual Rac and Rab effector that controls both actin cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking for ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle P Serres
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ronan Shaughnessy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Escot
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Hussein Hammich
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Cuvelier
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Salles
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UTechS Photonic BioImaging (UTechS PBI), Centre de Recherche et de Ressources Technologiques C2RT, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Murielle Rocancourt
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Quentin Verdon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Lise Gaffuri
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yannick Sourigues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Malherbe
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leonid Velikovsky
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Chardon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sassoon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Image Analysis Hub, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Formstecher
- Hybrigenics Services SAS, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine 91000 Evry, Courcouronnes, France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas B David
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Structural Motility, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Wang S, Wang X, Pan C, Liu Y, Lei M, Guo X, Chen Q, Yang X, Ouyang C, Ren Z. Functions of actin-binding proteins in cilia structure remodeling and signaling. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e202300026. [PMID: 37478133 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles found on the surfaces of many types of cells, including cardiac fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, human retinal pigmented epithelial-1 (RPE-1) cells, and alveolar epithelial cells. These organelles can be classified as immotile cilia, referred to as primary cilia in mammalian cells, and motile cilia. Primary cilia are cellular sensors that detect extracellular signals; this is a critical function associated with ciliopathies, which are characterized by the typical clinical features of developmental disorders. Cilia are extensively studied organelles of the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the ciliary actin cytoskeleton has rarely been studied. Clear evidence has shown that highly regulated actin cytoskeleton dynamics contribute to normal ciliary function. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) play vital roles in filamentous actin (F-actin) morphology. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the roles of ABPs in ciliary structural remodeling and further downstream ciliary signaling with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Congbin Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiying Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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11
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Macarelli V, Leventea E, Merkle FT. Regulation of the length of neuronal primary cilia and its potential effects on signalling. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:979-990. [PMID: 37302961 PMCID: PMC7615206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia protrude from most vertebrate cell bodies and act as specialized 'signalling antennae' that can substantially lengthen or retract in minutes to hours in response to specific stimuli. Here, we review the conditions and mechanisms responsible for regulating primary cilia length (PCL) in mammalian nonsensory neurons, and propose four models of how they could affect ciliary signalling and alter cell state and suggest experiments to distinguish between them. These models include (i) the passive indicator model, where changes in PCL have no consequence; (ii) the rheostat model, in which a longer cilium enhances signalling; (iii) the local concentration model, where ciliary shortening increases the local protein concentration to facilitate signalling; and (iv) the altered composition model where changes in PCL skew signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Macarelli
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Eleni Leventea
- Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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12
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Ghuloum FI, Stevens LA, Johnson CA, Riobo-Del Galdo NA, Amer MH. Towards modular engineering of cell signalling: Topographically-textured microparticles induce osteogenesis via activation of canonical hedgehog signalling. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213652. [PMID: 37837904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microparticles possess great potential as functional building blocks for advanced bottom-up engineering of complex tissues. Tailoring the three-dimensional architectural features of culture substrates has been shown to induce osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning this remain unclear. This study proposes a mechanism linking the activation of Hedgehog signalling to the osteoinductive effect of surface-engineered, topographically-textured polymeric microparticles. In this study, mesenchymal progenitor C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured on smooth and dimpled poly(D,l-lactide) microparticles to assess differences in viability, cellular morphology, proliferation, and expression of a range of Hedgehog signalling components and osteogenesis-related genes. Dimpled microparticles induced osteogenesis and activated the Hedgehog signalling pathway relative to smooth microparticles and 2D-cultured controls without the addition of exogenous biochemical factors. We observed upregulation of the osteogenesis markers Runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2 (Bglap2), as well as the Hedgehog signalling components, glioma associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), Patched1 (Ptch1), and Smoothened (Smo). Treatment with the Smo antagonist KAAD-cyclopamine confirmed the involvement of Smo in Gli1 target gene activation, with a significant reduction in the expression of Gli1, Runx2 and Bglap2 (p ≤ 0.001) following KAAD-cyclopamine treatment. Overall, our study demonstrates the role of the topographical microenvironment in the modulation of Hedgehog signalling, highlighting the potential for tailoring substrate topographical design to offer cell-instructive 3D microenvironments. Topographically-textured microparticles allow the modulation of Hedgehog signalling in vitro without adding exogenous biochemical agonists, thereby eliminating potential confounding artefacts in high-throughput drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah I Ghuloum
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lee A Stevens
- Low Carbon Energy and Resources Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Natalia A Riobo-Del Galdo
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mahetab H Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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13
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Xu X, Xu S, Wan J, Wang D, Pang X, Gao Y, Ni N, Chen D, Sun X. Disturbing cytoskeleton by engineered nanomaterials for enhanced cancer therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:50-71. [PMID: 37621771 PMCID: PMC10444958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton plays a significant role in the shape change, migration, movement, adhesion, cytokinesis, and phagocytosis of tumor cells. In clinical practice, some anti-cancer drugs achieve cytoskeletal therapeutic effects by acting on different cytoskeletal protein components. However, in the absence of cell-specific targeting, unnecessary cytoskeletal recombination in organisms would be disastrous, which would also bring about severe side effects during anticancer process. Nanomedicine have been proven to be superior to some small molecule drugs in cancer treatment due to better stability and targeting, and lower side effects. Therefore, this review summarized the recent developments of various nanomaterials disturbing cytoskeleton for enhanced cancer therapeutics, including carbon, noble metals, metal oxides, black phosphorus, calcium, silicon, polymers, peptides, and metal-organic frameworks, etc. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of cytoskeleton therapy as well as the future prospects and challenges towards clinical application were also discussed. We aim to drive on this emerging topic through refreshing perspectives based on our own work and what we have also learnt from others. This review will help researchers quickly understand relevant cytoskeletal therapeutic information to further advance the development of cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Xu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shanbin Xu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jipeng Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Diqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xinlong Pang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nengyi Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dawei Chen
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
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14
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Murillo-Pineda M, Coto-Cid JM, Romero M, Zorrilla JG, Chinchilla N, Medina-Calzada Z, Varela RM, Juárez-Soto Á, Macías FA, Reales E. Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones on Primary Cilia Formation (Ciliogenesis). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:632. [PMID: 37999495 PMCID: PMC10675014 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), plant-derived metabolites with broad spectra of biological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory, hold promise for drug development. Primary cilia, organelles extending from cell surfaces, are crucial for sensing and transducing extracellular signals essential for cell differentiation and proliferation. Their life cycle is linked to the cell cycle, as cilia assemble in non-dividing cells of G0/G1 phases and disassemble before entering mitosis. Abnormalities in both primary cilia (non-motile cilia) and motile cilia structure or function are associated with developmental disorders (ciliopathies), heart disease, and cancer. However, the impact of SLs on primary cilia remains unknown. This study evaluated the effects of selected SLs (grosheimin, costunolide, and three cyclocostunolides) on primary cilia biogenesis and stability in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to analyze the effects on primary cilia formation (ciliogenesis), primary cilia length, and stability. The effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by flow cytometry. All SLs disrupted primary cilia formation in the early stages of ciliogenesis, irrespective of starvation conditions or cytochalasin-D treatment, with no effect on cilia length or cell cycle progression. Interestingly, grosheimin stabilized and promoted primary cilia formation under cilia homeostasis and elongation treatment conditions. Thus, SLs have potential as novel drugs for ciliopathies and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Murillo-Pineda
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez, Spain; (M.M.-P.); (M.R.); (Z.M.-C.); (Á.J.-S.)
| | - Juan M. Coto-Cid
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Romero
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez, Spain; (M.M.-P.); (M.R.); (Z.M.-C.); (Á.J.-S.)
| | - Jesús G. Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Nuria Chinchilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Zahara Medina-Calzada
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez, Spain; (M.M.-P.); (M.R.); (Z.M.-C.); (Á.J.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Álvaro Juárez-Soto
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez, Spain; (M.M.-P.); (M.R.); (Z.M.-C.); (Á.J.-S.)
| | - Francisco A. Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Elena Reales
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Department of Urology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez, Spain; (M.M.-P.); (M.R.); (Z.M.-C.); (Á.J.-S.)
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (J.G.Z.); (N.C.); (R.M.V.)
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15
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Garfa Traoré M, Roccio F, Miceli C, Ferri G, Parisot M, Cagnard N, Lhomme M, Dupont N, Benmerah A, Saunier S, Delous M. Fluid shear stress triggers cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake in inner medullary collecting duct cells, independently of nephrocystin-1 and nephrocystin-4. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1254691. [PMID: 37916190 PMCID: PMC10616263 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1254691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial cells are subjected to fluid shear stress of urine flow. Several cellular structures act as mechanosensors-the primary cilium, microvilli and cell adhesion complexes-that directly relay signals to the cytoskeleton to regulate various processes including cell differentiation and renal cell functions. Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive tubulointerstitial nephropathy leading to end-stage kidney failure before adulthood. NPHP1 and NPHP4 are the major genes which code for proteins that form a complex at the transition zone of the primary cilium, a crucial region required for the maintenance of the ciliary composition integrity. These two proteins also interact with signaling components and proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton at cell junctions. Due to their specific subcellular localization, we wondered whether NPHP1 and NPHP4 could ensure mechanosensory functions. Using a microfluidic set up, we showed that murine inner medullary collecting ductal cells invalidated for Nphp1 or Nphp4 are more responsive to immediate shear exposure with a fast calcium influx, and upon a prolonged shear condition, an inability to properly regulate cilium length and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Following a transcriptomic study highlighting shear stress-induced gene expression changes, we showed that prolonged shear triggers both cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and uptake, processes that do not seem to involve neither NPHP1 nor NPHP4. To conclude, our study allowed us to determine a moderate role of NPHP1 and NPHP4 in flow sensation, and to highlight a new signaling pathway induced by shear stress, the cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake pathways, which would allow cells to cope with mechanical stress by strengthening their plasma membrane through the supply of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Garfa Traoré
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federica Roccio
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caterina Miceli
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatic Platform, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICAN Omics, IHU ICAN Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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16
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Quadri N, Upadhyai P. Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113751. [PMID: 37574037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based sensory organelle present in most vertebrate cells with a fundamental role in the modulation of organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair. Here we focus on the role of primary cilia in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. We examine evidence supporting its involvement in physiochemical and developmental signaling that regulates proliferation, patterning, differentiation and homeostasis of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and their progenitor cells in the skeleton. We discuss how signaling effectors in mechanotransduction and bone development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor and second messenger pathways operate at least in part at the primary cilium. The relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance is underscored by a growing list of rare genetic skeletal ciliopathies. We collate these findings and summarize the current understanding of molecular factors and mechanisms governing primary ciliogenesis and ciliary function in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Quadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Bai Y, Zhao F, Wu T, Chen F, Pang X. Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213668. [PMID: 37745245 PMCID: PMC10515290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process that occurs throughout the life cycle. F-actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton, is essential for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs during development. F-actin is formed by the polymerization of G-actin, and the dynamic balance of polymerization and depolymerization ensures proper cellular function. Disruption of this balance results in various abnormalities and defects or even embryonic lethality. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the structure of G-actin and F-actin and the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. We also focused on the functions of actin isoforms and the underlying mechanisms of actin polymerization/depolymerization in cellular and organic morphogenesis during development. This information will extend our understanding of the role of actin polymerization in the physiologic or pathologic processes during development and may open new avenues for developing therapeutics for embryonic developmental abnormalities or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchun Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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18
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Brücker L, Becker SK, Maissl V, Harms G, Parsons M, May-Simera HL. The actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 modulates ciliary signalling. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad022. [PMID: 37015875 PMCID: PMC10485897 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based cell organelles important for cellular communication. Since they are involved in the regulation of numerous signalling pathways, defects in cilia development or function are associated with genetic disorders, collectively called ciliopathies. Besides their ciliary functions, recent research has shown that several ciliary proteins are involved in the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton. Although ciliary and actin phenotypes are related, the exact nature of their interconnection remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the protein BBS6, associated with the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome, cooperates with the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 in regulating filopodia and ciliary signalling. We found that loss of Bbs6 affects filopodia length potentially via attenuated interaction with Fascin-1. Conversely, loss of Fascin-1 leads to a ciliary phenotype, subsequently affecting ciliary Wnt signalling, possibly in collaboration with BBS6. Our data shed light on how ciliary proteins are involved in actin regulations and provide new insight into the involvement of the actin regulator Fascin-1 in ciliogenesis and cilia-associated signalling. Advancing our knowledge of the complex regulations between primary cilia and actin dynamics is important to understand the pathogenic consequences of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kornelia Becker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maissl
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Imaging Core Facility, Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Ateshian GA, Spack KA, Hone JC, Azeloglu EU, Gusella GL. Computational study of biomechanical drivers of renal cystogenesis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1113-1127. [PMID: 37024601 PMCID: PMC10524738 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal cystogenesis is the pathological hallmark of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, caused by PKD1 and PKD2 mutations. The formation of renal cysts is a common manifestation in ciliopathies, a group of syndromic disorders caused by mutation of proteins involved in the assembly and function of the primary cilium. Cystogenesis is caused by the derailment of the renal tubular architecture and tissue deformation that eventually leads to the impairment of kidney function. However, the biomechanical imbalance of cytoskeletal forces that are altered in cells with Pkd1 mutations has never been investigated, and its nature and extent remain unknown. In this computational study, we explored the feasibility of various biomechanical drivers of renal cystogenesis by examining several hypothetical mechanisms that may promote morphogenetic markers of cystogenesis. Our objective was to provide physics-based guidance for our formulation of hypotheses and our design of experimental studies investigating the role of biomechanical disequilibrium in cystogenesis. We employed the finite element method to explore the role of (1) wild-type versus mutant cell elastic modulus; (2) contractile stress magnitude in mutant cells; (3) localization and orientation of contractile stress in mutant cells; and (4) sequence of cell contraction and cell proliferation. Our objective was to identify the factors that produce the characteristic tubular cystic growth. Results showed that cystogenesis occurred only when mutant cells contracted along the apical-basal axis, followed or accompanied by cell proliferation, as long as mutant cells had comparable or lower elastic modulus than wild-type cells, with their contractile stresses being significantly greater than their modulus. Results of these simulations allow us to focus future in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on these factors, helping us formulate physics-based hypotheses for renal tubule cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Katherine A Spack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Zheng XQ, Huang J, Lin JL, Song CL. Pathophysiological mechanism of acute bone loss after fracture. J Adv Res 2023; 49:63-80. [PMID: 36115662 PMCID: PMC10334135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bone loss after fracture is associated with various effects on the complete recovery process and a risk of secondary fractures among patients. Studies have reported similarities in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in acute bone loss after fractures and osteoporosis. However, given the silence nature of bone loss and bone metabolism complexities, the actual underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. AIM OF REVIEW To elaborate the latest findings in basic research with a focus on acute bone loss after fracture. To briefly highlight potential therapeutic targets and current representative drugs. To arouse researchers' attention and discussion on acute bone loss after fracture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bone loss after fracture is associated with immobilization, mechanical unloading, blood supply damage, sympathetic nerve regulation, and crosstalk between musculoskeletals among other factors. Current treatment strategies rely on regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, therefore, there is a need to elucidate on the underlying mechanisms of acute bone loss after fractures to inform the development of efficacious and safe drugs. In addition, attention should be paid towards ensuring long-term skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Liang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Li Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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21
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Zufiaurre-Seijo M, García-Arumí J, Duarri A. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of C2orf71/PCARE in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10670. [PMID: 37445847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the photoreceptor-specific C2orf71 gene (also known as photoreceptor cilium actin regulator protein PCARE) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa type 54 and cone-rod dystrophy. No treatments are available for patients with C2orf71 retinal ciliopathies exhibiting a severe clinical phenotype. Our understanding of the disease process and the role of PCARE in the healthy retina significantly limits our capacity to transfer recent technical developments into viable therapy choices. This study summarizes the current understanding of C2orf71-related retinal diseases, including their clinical manifestations and an unclear genotype-phenotype correlation. It discusses molecular and functional studies on the photoreceptor-specific ciliary PCARE, focusing on the photoreceptor cell and its ciliary axoneme. It is proposed that PCARE is an actin-associated protein that interacts with WASF3 to regulate the actin-driven expansion of the ciliary membrane during the development of a new outer segment disk in photoreceptor cells. This review also introduces various cellular and animal models used to model these diseases and provides an overview of potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalen Zufiaurre-Seijo
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Benmerah A, Briseño-Roa L, Annereau JP, Saunier S. Repurposing small molecules for Nephronophthisis and related renal ciliopathies. Kidney Int 2023:S0085-2538(23)00390-3. [PMID: 37244473 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive tubulo-interstitial nephropathy, belonging to the ciliopathy disorders, characterized by fibrosis and/or cysts. It is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in children and young adults. Clinically and genetically heterogeneous, it is caused by variants in ciliary genes resulting in either an isolated kidney disease or syndromic forms in association with other manifestations of ciliopathy disorders. No curative treatment is currently available. Over the past two decades, advances in understanding disease mechanisms have identified several dysregulated signaling pathways, some shared with other cystic kidney diseases. Notably, molecules previously developed to target these pathways have shown promising beneficial effects in orthologous mouse models. In addition to these knowledge-based repurposing approaches, unbiased "in cellulo" phenotypic screens of "repurposing" libraries identified small molecules able to rescue the ciliogenesis defects observed in nephronophthisis conditions. Those compounds appeared to act on relevant pathways and, when tested, showed beneficial nephronophthisis-associated kidney and/or extra-renal defects in mice. In this review, we have summarized those studies which highlight the drug repurposing strategies in the context of a rare disorders such as nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies, with broad genetic heterogeneity and systemic manifestations but with shared disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France.
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23
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Hart NR. A theoretical model of dietary lipid variance as the origin of primary ciliary dysfunction in preeclampsia. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1173030. [PMID: 37251083 PMCID: PMC10210153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the cell's key interface in communicating with the outside world, primary cilia have emerged as an area of multidisciplinary research interest over the last 2 decades. Although the term "ciliopathy" was first used to describe abnormal cilia caused by gene mutations, recent studies focus on abnormalities of cilia that are found in diseases without clear genetic antecedents, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy, is intensely studied as a model for cardiovascular disease partially due to many shared pathophysiologic elements, but also because changes that develop over decades in cardiovascular disease arise in days with preeclampsia yet resolve rapidly after delivery, thus providing a time-lapse view of the development of cardiovascular pathology. As with genetic primary ciliopathies, preeclampsia affects multiple organ systems. While aspirin delays the onset of preeclampsia, there is no cure other than delivery. The primary etiology of preeclampsia is unknown; however, recent reviews emphasize the fundamental role of abnormal placentation. During normal embryonic development, trophoblastic cells, which arise from the outer layer of the 4-day-old blastocyst, invade the maternal endometrium and establish extensive placental vascular connections between mother and fetus. In primary cilia of trophoblasts, Hedgehog and Wnt/catenin signaling operate upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor to advance placental angiogenesis in a process that is promoted by accessible membrane cholesterol. In preeclampsia, impaired proangiogenic signaling combined with an increase in apoptotic signaling results in shallow invasion and inadequate placental function. Recent studies show primary cilia in preeclampsia to be fewer in number and shortened with functional signaling abnormalities. Presented here is a model that integrates preeclampsia lipidomics and physiology with the molecular mechanisms of liquid-liquid phase separation in model membrane studies and the known changes in human dietary lipids over the last century to explain how changes in dietary lipids might reduce accessible membrane cholesterol and give rise to shortened cilia and defects in angiogenic signaling, which underlie placental dysfunction of preeclampsia. This model offers a possible mechanism for non-genetic dysfunction in cilia and proposes a proof-of-concept study to treat preeclampsia with dietary lipids.
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Meng H, Fu S, Ferreira MB, Hou Y, Pearce OM, Gavara N, Knight MM. YAP activation inhibits inflammatory signalling and cartilage breakdown associated with reduced primary cilia expression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:600-612. [PMID: 36368426 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of YAP in modulating cartilage inflammation and degradation and the involvement of primary cilia and associated intraflagellar transport (IFT). METHODS Isolated primary chondrocytes were cultured on substrates of different stiffness (6-1000 kPa) or treated with YAP agonist lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or YAP antagonist verteporfin (VP), or genetically modified by YAP siRNA, all ± IL1β. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were measured to monitor IL1β response. YAP activity was quantified by YAP nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and percentage of YAP-positive cells. Mechanical properties of cartilage explants were tested to confirm cartilage degradation. The involvement of primary cilia and IFT was analysed using IFT88 siRNA and ORPK cells with hypomorphic mutation of IFT88. RESULTS Treatment with LPA, or increasing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate stiffness, activated YAP nuclear expression and inhibited IL1β-induced release of NO and PGE2, in isolated chondrocytes. Treatment with LPA also inhibited IL1β-mediated inflammatory signalling in cartilage explants and prevented matrix degradation and the loss of cartilage biomechanics. YAP activation reduced expression of primary cilia, knockdown of YAP in the absence of functional cilia/IFT failed to induce an inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that both pharmaceutical and mechanical activation of YAP blocks pro-inflammatory signalling induced by IL1β and prevents cartilage breakdown and the loss of biomechanical functionality. This is associated with reduced expression of primary cilia revealing a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism with novel therapeutic targets for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - S Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - M B Ferreira
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y Hou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Centre for Predictive in Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - O M Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N Gavara
- Serra-Hunter Program, Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Knight
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Centre for Predictive in Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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25
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Tsai M, Rayner RE, Chafin L, Farkas D, Adair J, Mishan C, Mallampalli RK, Kim SH, Cormet-Boyaka E, Londino JD. Influenza virus reduces ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH10 expression to decrease ciliary beat frequency. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L666-L676. [PMID: 36852930 PMCID: PMC10151042 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00191.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, such as influenza, decrease airway cilia function and expression, which leads to reduced mucociliary clearance and inhibited overall immune defense. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification using E3 ligases, which plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of cilia. We examined the role of membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ligases during influenza infection and determined that MARCH10, specifically expressed in ciliated epithelial cells, is significantly decreased during influenza infection in mice, human lung epithelial cells, and human lung tissue. Cellular depletion of MARCH10 in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a decrease in ciliary beat frequency. Furthermore, MARCH10 cellular knockdown in combination with influenza infection selectively decreased immunoreactive levels of the ciliary component, dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1. Cellular overexpression of MARCH10 significantly decreased influenza hemagglutinin protein levels in the differentiated HBECs and knockdown of MARCH10 increased IL-1β cytokine expression, whereas overexpression had the reciprocal effect. These findings suggest that MARCH10 may have a protective role in airway pulmonary host defense and innate immunity during influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- MuChun Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jessica Adair
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Chelsea Mishan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - James D Londino
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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26
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Silva DF, Cavadas C. Primary cilia shape hallmarks of health and aging. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00071-0. [PMID: 37137787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles that sense changes in extracellular milieu, and their malfunction is responsible for several disorders (ciliopathies). Increasing evidence shows that primary cilia regulate tissue and cellular aging related features, which led us to review the evidence on their role in potentiating and/or accelerating the aging process. Primary cilia malfunction is associated with some age-related disorders, from cancer to neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. However, there is limited understanding of molecular pathways underlying primary cilia dysfunction, resulting in scarce ciliary-targeted therapies available. Here, we discuss the findings on primary cilia dysfunction as modulators of the health and aging hallmarks, and the pertinence of ciliary pharmacological targeting to promote healthy aging or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Filipa Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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28
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DeMars KM, Ross MR, Starr A, McIntyre JC. Neuronal primary cilia integrate peripheral signals with metabolic drives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150232. [PMID: 37064917 PMCID: PMC10090425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal primary cilia have recently emerged as important contributors to the central regulation of energy homeostasis. As non-motile, microtubule-based organelles, primary cilia serve as signaling antennae for metabolic status. The impairment of ciliary structure or function can produce ciliopathies for which obesity is a hallmark phenotype and global ablation of cilia induces non-syndromic adiposity in mouse models. This organelle is not only a hub for metabolic signaling, but also for catecholamine neuromodulation that shapes neuronal circuitry in response to sensory input. The objective of this review is to highlight current research investigating the mechanisms of primary cilium-regulated metabolic drives for maintaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Madeleine R. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Summer Neuroscience Internship Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alana Starr
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Cao M, Zou X, Li C, Lin Z, Wang N, Zou Z, Ye Y, Seemann J, Levine B, Tang Z, Zhong Q. An actin filament branching surveillance system regulates cell cycle progression, cytokinesis and primary ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1687. [PMID: 36973243 PMCID: PMC10042869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of cell cycle control and defects of primary ciliogenesis are two features of many cancers. Whether these events are interconnected and the driving mechanism coordinating them remains elusive. Here, we identify an actin filament branching surveillance system that alerts cells of actin branching insufficiency and regulates cell cycle progression, cytokinesis and primary ciliogenesis. We find that Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome 1 functions as a class II Nucleation promoting factor to promote Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin branching. Perturbation of actin branching promotes OFD1 degradation and inactivation via liquid-to-gel transition. Elimination of OFD1 or disruption of OFD1-Arp2/3 interaction drives proliferating, non-transformed cells into quiescence with ciliogenesis by an RB-dependent mechanism, while it leads oncogene-transformed/cancer cells to incomplete cytokinesis and irreversible mitotic catastrophe via actomyosin ring malformation. Inhibition of OFD1 leads to suppression of multiple cancer cell growth in mouse xenograft models. Thus, targeting OFD1-mediated actin filament branching surveillance system provides a direction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zaisheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Joachim Seemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.
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Silva Dos Santos F, Neves RAF, Bernay B, Krepsky N, Teixeira VL, Artigaud S. The first use of LC-MS/MS proteomic approach in the brown mussel Perna perna after bacterial challenge: Searching for key proteins on immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108622. [PMID: 36803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The brown mussel Perna perna is a valuable fishing resource, primarily in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. Because of their filter-feeding habits, mussels are directly exposed to bacteria in the water column. Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella enterica (SE) inhabit human guts and reach the marine environment through anthropogenic sources, such as sewage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is indigenous to coastal ecosystems but can be harmful to shellfish. In this study, we aimed to assess the protein profile of the hepatopancreas of P. perna mussel challenged by introduced - E. coli and S. enterica - and indigenous marine bacteria - V. parahaemolyticus. Bacterial-challenge groups were compared with non-injected (NC) and injected control (IC) - that consisted in mussels not challenged and mussels injected with sterile PBS-NaCl, respectively. Through LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis, 3805 proteins were found in the hepatopancreas of P. perna. From the total, 597 were significantly different among conditions. Mussels injected with VP presented 343 proteins downregulated compared with all the other conditions, suggesting that VP suppresses their immune response. Particularly, 31 altered proteins - upregulated or downregulated - for one or more challenge groups (EC, SE, and VP) compared with controls (NC and IC) are discussed in detail in the paper. For the three tested bacteria, significantly different proteins were found to perform critical roles in immune response at all levels, namely: recognition and signal transduction; transcription; RNA processing; translation and protein processing; secretion; and humoral effectors. This is the first shotgun proteomic study in P. perna mussel, therefore providing an overview of the protein profile of the mussel hepatopancreas, focused on the immune response against bacteria. Hence, it is possible to understand the immune-bacteria relationship at molecular levels better. This knowledge can support the development of strategies and tools to be applied to coastal marine resource management and contribute to the sustainability of coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Mario Santos Braga, S/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24.020-141, Brazil; Research Group of Experimental and Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458-307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil; Research Group of Experimental and Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458-307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen, SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France.
| | - Natascha Krepsky
- Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Mario Santos Braga, S/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24.020-141, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil.
| | - Sébastien Artigaud
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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31
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Sharkova M, Chow E, Erickson T, Hocking JC. The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli. J Anat 2023; 242:327-353. [PMID: 36281951 PMCID: PMC9919547 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli-like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia-based detector. While all microvilli are finger-like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid-contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin-binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sharkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica Chow
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Hocking
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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32
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Reducing GEF-H1 Expression Inhibits Renal Cyst Formation, Inflammation, and Fibrosis via RhoA Signaling in Nephronophthisis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043504. [PMID: 36834937 PMCID: PMC9967383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the most prevalent monogenic disease leading to end-stage renal failure in childhood. RhoA activation is involved in NPHP pathogenesis. This study explored the role of the RhoA activator guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1 in NPHP pathogenesis. We analyzed the expression and distribution of GEF-H1 in NPHP1 knockout (NPHP1KO) mice using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, followed by GEF-H1 knockdown. Immunofluorescence and renal histology were used to examine the cysts, inflammation, and fibrosis. A RhoA GTPase activation assay and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of downstream GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2, respectively. In NPHP1 knockdown (NPHP1KD) human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells), we detected the expressions of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In vivo, increased expression and redistribution of GEF-H1, and higher levels of GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2 in renal tissue of NPHP1KO mice were observed, together with renal cysts, fibrosis, and inflammation. These changes were alleviated by GEF-H1 knockdown. In vitro, the expression of GEF-H1 and activation of RhoA were also increased, with increased expression of α-SMA and decreased E-cadherin. GEF-H1 knockdown reversed these changes in NPHP1KD HK2 cells. Thus, the GEF-H1/RhoA/MLC2 axis is activated in NPHP1 defects and may play a pivotal role in NPHP pathogenesis.
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33
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Zhao H, Khan Z, Westlake CJ. Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:20-31. [PMID: 35351373 PMCID: PMC9510604 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a complex multistep process used to describe assembly of cilia and flagella. These organelles play essential roles in motility and signaling on the surface of cells. Cilia are built at the distal ends of centrioles through the formation of an axoneme that is surrounded by the ciliary membrane. As is the case in the biogenesis of other cellular organelles, regulators of membrane trafficking play essential roles in ciliogenesis, albeit with a unique feature that membranes are organized around microtubule-based structures. Membrane association with the distal end of the centriole is a critical initiating step for ciliogenesis. Studies of this process in different cell types suggests that a singular mechanism may not be utilized to initiate cilium assembly. In this review, we focus on recent insights into cilium biogenesis and the roles membrane trafficking regulators play in described ciliogenesis mechanisms with relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ziam Khan
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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34
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Cofre J, Saalfeld K. The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. I. A presentation of the neoplastic process and its connection with cell fusion and germline formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1067248. [PMID: 36684435 PMCID: PMC9846517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1067248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of animal forms is founded and deeply rooted in the history of science. It is recognized that the emergence of multicellularity would not have been possible without the formation of the first embryo. We speculate that biophysical phenomena and the surrounding environment of the Ediacaran ocean were instrumental in co-opting a neoplastic functional module (NFM) within the nucleus of the first zygote. Thus, the neoplastic process, understood here as a biological phenomenon with profound embryologic implications, served as the evolutionary engine that favored the formation of the first embryo and cancerous diseases and allowed to coherently create and recreate body shapes in different animal groups during evolution. In this article, we provide a deep reflection on the Physics of the first embryogenesis and its contribution to the exaptation of additional NFM components, such as the extracellular matrix. Knowledge of NFM components, structure, dynamics, and origin advances our understanding of the numerous possibilities and different innovations that embryos have undergone to create animal forms via Neoplasia during evolutionary radiation. The developmental pathways of Neoplasia have their origins in ctenophores and were consolidated in mammals and other apical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jaime Cofre,
| | - Kay Saalfeld
- Laboratório de Filogenia Animal, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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35
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Cardenas R, Prinsley P, Philpott C, Bhutta MF, Wilson E, Brewer DS, Jennings BA. Whole exome sequencing study identifies candidate loss of function variants and locus heterogeneity in familial cholesteatoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272174. [PMID: 36920900 PMCID: PMC10016674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a rare progressive disease of the middle ear. Most cases are sporadic, but some patients report a positive family history. Identifying functionally important gene variants associated with this disease has the potential to uncover the molecular basis of cholesteatoma pathology with implications for disease prevention, surveillance, or management. We performed an observational WES study of 21 individuals treated for cholesteatoma who were recruited from ten multiply affected families. These family studies were complemented with gene-level mutational burden analysis. We also applied functional enrichment analyses to identify shared properties and pathways for candidate genes and their products. Filtered data collected from pairs and trios of participants within the ten families revealed 398 rare, loss of function (LOF) variants co-segregating with cholesteatoma in 389 genes. We identified six genes DENND2C, DNAH7, NBEAL1, NEB, PRRC2C, and SHC2, for which we found LOF variants in two or more families. The parallel gene-level analysis of mutation burden identified a significant mutation burden for the genes in the DNAH gene family, which encode products involved in ciliary structure. Functional enrichment analyses identified common pathways for the candidate genes which included GTPase regulator activity, calcium ion binding, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The number of candidate genes identified and the locus heterogeneity that we describe within and between multiply affected families suggest that the genetic architecture for familial cholesteatoma is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cardenas
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Prinsley
- ENT Department, James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmood F. Bhutta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- ENT Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wilson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BAJ); (DSB)
| | - Barbara A. Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BAJ); (DSB)
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Primary Cilia Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders beyond Ciliopathies. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040054. [PMID: 36547476 PMCID: PMC9782889 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized, microtubule-based structures projecting from the surface of most mammalian cells. These organelles are thought to primarily act as signaling hubs and sensors, receiving and integrating extracellular cues. Several important signaling pathways are regulated through the primary cilium including Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt signaling. Therefore, it is no surprise that mutated genes encoding defective proteins that affect primary cilia function or structure are responsible for a group of disorders collectively termed ciliopathies. The severe neurologic abnormalities observed in several ciliopathies have prompted examination of primary cilia structure and function in other brain disorders. Recently, neuronal primary cilia defects were observed in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders that were not traditionally considered ciliopathies. The molecular mechanisms of how these genetic mutations cause primary cilia defects and how these defects contribute to the neurologic manifestations of these disorders remain poorly understood. In this review we will discuss monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders that exhibit cilia deficits and summarize findings from studies exploring the role of primary cilia in the brain to shed light into how these deficits could contribute to neurologic abnormalities.
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Biallelic Inactivating TUB Variants Cause Retinal Ciliopathy Impairing Biogenesis and the Structure of the Primary Cilium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314656. [PMID: 36498982 PMCID: PMC9740599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction. These diseases typically present with progressive severe vision loss and variable onset, ranging from birth to adulthood. Genomic sequencing has allowed to identify novel IRD-related genes, most of which encode proteins contributing to photoreceptor-cilia biogenesis and/or function. Despite these insights, knowledge gaps hamper a molecular diagnosis in one-third of IRD cases. By exome sequencing in a cohort of molecularly unsolved individuals with IRD, we identified a homozygous splice site variant affecting the transcript processing of TUB, encoding the first member of the Tubby family of bipartite transcription factors, in a sporadic case with retinal dystrophy. A truncating homozygous variant in this gene had previously been reported in a single family with three subjects sharing retinal dystrophy and obesity. The clinical assessment of the present patient documented a slightly increased body mass index and no changes in metabolic markers of obesity, but confirmed the occurrence of retinal detachment. In vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblasts showed the accelerated degradation of the encoded protein and aberrant cilium morphology and biogenesis. These findings definitely link impaired TUB function to retinal dystrophy and provide new data on the clinical characterization of this ultra-rare retinal ciliopathy.
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From mesenchymal niches to engineered in vitro model systems: Exploring and exploiting biomechanical regulation of vertebrate hedgehog signalling. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100502. [PMID: 36457847 PMCID: PMC9707069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue patterning is the result of complex interactions between transcriptional programs and various mechanical cues that modulate cell behaviour and drive morphogenesis. Vertebrate Hedgehog signalling plays key roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis, and is central to skeletal development and the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The expression of several components of the Hedgehog signalling pathway have been reported to be mechanically regulated in mesodermal tissue patterning and osteogenic differentiation in response to external stimulation. Since a number of bone developmental defects and skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, are directly linked to aberrant Hedgehog signalling, a better knowledge of the regulation of Hedgehog signalling in the mechanosensitive bone marrow-residing mesenchymal stromal cells will present novel avenues for modelling these diseases and uncover novel opportunities for extracellular matrix-targeted therapies. In this review, we present a brief overview of the key molecular players involved in Hedgehog signalling and the basic concepts of mechanobiology, with a focus on bone development and regeneration. We also highlight the correlation between the activation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in response to mechanical cues and osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Finally, we propose different tissue engineering strategies to apply the expanding knowledge of 3D material-cell interactions in the modulation of Hedgehog signalling in vitro for fundamental and translational research applications.
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Host genetic factors related to innate immunity, environmental sensing and cellular functions are associated with human skin microbiota. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6204. [PMID: 36261456 PMCID: PMC9582029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge about factors shaping the human microbiome, the host genetic factors that modulate the skin-microbiome interactions are still largely understudied. This contrasts with recent efforts to characterize host genes that influence the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of genetics on skin microbiota across three different skin microenvironments through meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of two population-based German cohorts. We identified 23 genome-wide significant loci harboring 30 candidate genes involved in innate immune signaling, environmental sensing, cell differentiation, proliferation and fibroblast activity. However, no locus passed the strict threshold for study-wide significance (P < 6.3 × 10-10 for 80 features included in the analysis). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis indicated the influence of staphylococci on eczema/dermatitis and suggested modulating effects of the microbiota on other skin diseases. Finally, transcriptional profiles of keratinocytes significantly changed after in vitro co-culturing with Staphylococcus epidermidis, chosen as a representative of skin commensals. Seven candidate genes from the GWAS were found overlapping with differential expression in the co-culturing experiments, warranting further research of the skin commensal and host genetic makeup interaction.
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40
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Faubel RJ, Santos Canellas VS, Gaesser J, Beluk NH, Feinstein TN, Wang Y, Yankova M, Karunakaran KB, King SM, Ganapathiraju MK, Lo CW. Flow blockage disrupts cilia-driven fluid transport in the epileptic brain. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:691-706. [PMID: 35980457 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A carpet of ependymal motile cilia lines the brain ventricular system, forming a network of flow channels and barriers that pattern cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow at the surface. This CSF transport system is evolutionary conserved, but its physiological function remains unknown. Here we investigated its potential role in epilepsy with studies focused on CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset epilepsy refractory to seizure medications and the most common cause of infant epilepsy. CDKL5 is a highly conserved X-linked gene suggesting its function in regulating cilia length and motion in the green alga Chlamydomonas might have implication in the etiology of CDD. Examination of the structure and function of airway motile cilia revealed both the CDD patients and the Cdkl5 knockout mice exhibit cilia lengthening and abnormal cilia motion. Similar defects were observed for brain ventricular cilia in the Cdkl5 knockout mice. Mapping ependymal cilia generated flow in the ventral third ventricle (v3V), a brain region with important physiological functions showed altered patterning of flow. Tracing of cilia-mediated inflow into v3V with fluorescent dye revealed the appearance of a flow barrier at the inlet of v3V in Cdkl5 knockout mice. Analysis of mice with a mutation in another epilepsy-associated kinase, Yes1, showed the same disturbance of cilia motion and flow patterning. The flow barrier was also observed in the Foxj1± and FOXJ1CreERT:Cdkl5y/fl mice, confirming the contribution of ventricular cilia to the flow disturbances. Importantly, mice exhibiting altered cilia-driven flow also showed increased susceptibility to anesthesia-induced seizure-like activity. The cilia-driven flow disturbance arises from altered cilia beating orientation with the disrupted polarity of the cilia anchoring rootlet meshwork. Together these findings indicate motile cilia disturbances have an essential role in CDD-associated seizures and beyond, suggesting cilia regulating kinases may be a therapeutic target for medication-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina J Faubel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Veronica S Santos Canellas
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jenna Gaesser
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Nancy H Beluk
- Division of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tim N Feinstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory for Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Yankova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, And Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3305, USA
| | - Kalyani B Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Stephen M King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, And Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3305, USA
| | - Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA.
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41
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Ge R, Cao M, Chen M, Liu M, Xie S. Cytoskeletal networks in primary cilia: Current knowledge and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3975-3983. [PMID: 36000703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia, microtubule-based protrusions present on the surface of most mammalian cells, function as sensory organelles that monitor extracellular signals and transduce them into intracellular biochemical responses. There is renewed research interest in primary cilia due to their essential roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases. Primary cilia dysfunction causes a large spectrum of human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Despite significant advances in our understanding of primary cilia, there are still no effective agents for treating ciliopathies. Primary ciliogenesis is a highly ordered process involving membrane trafficking, basal body maturation, vesicle docking and fusion, transition zone assembly, and axoneme extension, in which actin and microtubule networks play critical and multiple roles. Actin and microtubule network architecture, isotropy, and dynamics are tightly controlled by cytoskeleton-associated proteins, a growing number of which are now recognized as responsible for cilium formation and maintenance. Here we summarize the roles of actin and microtubules and their associated proteins in primary ciliogenesis and maintenance. In doing so, we highlight that targeting cytoskeleton-associated proteins may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Bioscience, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Department of Bioscience, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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42
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Vinay L, Belleannée C. EV duty vehicles: Features and functions of ciliary extracellular vesicles. Front Genet 2022; 13:916233. [PMID: 36061180 PMCID: PMC9438925 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that extends from a basal body at the surface of most cells. This antenna is an efficient sensor of the cell micro-environment and is instrumental to the proper development and homeostatic control of organs. Recent compelling studies indicate that, in addition to its role as a sensor, the primary cilium also emits signals through the release of bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs). While some primary-cilium derived EVs are released through an actin-dependent ectocytosis and are called ectosomes (or large EVs, 350–500 nm), others originate from the exocytosis of multivesicular bodies and are smaller (small EVs, 50–100 nm). Ciliary EVs carry unique signaling factors, including protein markers and microRNAs (miRNAs), and participate in intercellular communication in different organism models. This review discusses the mechanism of release, the molecular features, and functions of EVs deriving from cilia, based on the existing literature.
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LUZP1: A new player in the actin-microtubule cross-talk. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151250. [PMID: 35738212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LUZP1 (leucine zipper protein 1) was first described as being important for embryonic development. Luzp1 null mice present defective neural tube closure and cardiovascular problems, which cause perinatal death. Since then, LUZP1 has also been implicated in the etiology of diseases like the 1p36 and the Townes-Brocks syndromes, and the molecular mechanisms involving this protein started being uncovered. Proteomics studies placed LUZP1 in the interactomes of the centrosome-cilium interface, centriolar satellites, and midbody. Concordantly, LUZP1 is an actin and microtubule-associated protein, which localizes to the centrosome, the basal body of primary cilia, the midbody, actin filaments and cellular junctions. LUZP1, like its interactor EPLIN, is an actin-stabilizing protein and a negative regulator of primary cilia formation. Moreover, through the regulation of actin, LUZP1 has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell migration and epithelial cell apical constriction. This review discusses the latest findings concerning LUZP1 molecular functions and implications in disease development.
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Scholz JK, Kraus A, Lüder D, Skoczynski K, Schiffer M, Grampp S, Schödel J, Buchholz B. Loss of Polycystin-1 causes cAMP-dependent switch from tubule to cyst formation. iScience 2022; 25:104359. [PMID: 35620436 PMCID: PMC9127160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common monogenic disease that causes end-stage renal failure. It primarily results from mutations in the PKD1 gene that encodes for Polycystin-1. How loss of Polycystin-1 translates into bilateral renal cyst development is mostly unknown. cAMP is significantly involved in cyst enlargement but its role in cyst initiation has remained elusive. Deletion of Polycystin-1 in collecting duct cells resulted in a switch from tubule to cyst formation and was accompanied by an increase in cAMP. Pharmacological elevation of cAMP in Polycystin-1-competent cells caused cyst formation, impaired plasticity, nondirectional migration, and mis-orientation, and thus strongly resembled the phenotype of Polycystin-1-deficient cells. Mis-orientation of developing tubule cells in metanephric kidneys upon loss of Polycystin-1 was phenocopied by pharmacological increase of cAMP in wildtype kidneys. In vitro, cAMP impaired tubule formation after capillary-induced injury which was further impaired by loss Polycystin-1. Loss of Polycystin-1 switches renal cells from tubule to cyst formation Deletion of Polycystin-1 leads to increase in cAMP Elevation of cAMP in wildtype cells phenocopies Polycystin-1-deficient features Features are: impaired plasticity, nondirectional migration, and mis-orientation
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45
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Agonists of prostaglandin E 2 receptors as potential first in class treatment for nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115960119. [PMID: 35482924 PMCID: PMC9170064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115960119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceJuvenile nephronophthisis (NPH) is a renal ciliopathy due to a dysfunction of primary cilia for which no curative treatment is available. This paper describes the identification of agonists of prostaglandin E2 receptors as a potential therapeutic approach for the most common NPHP1-associated ciliopathies. We demonstrated that prostaglandin E1 rescues defective ciliogenesis and ciliary composition in NPHP1 patient urine-derived renal tubular cells and improves ciliary and kidney phenotypes in our NPH zebrafish and Nphp1-/- mouse models. In addition, Taprenepag alleviates the severe retinopathy observed in Nphp1-/- mice. Finally, transcriptomic analyses pointed out several pathways downstream the prostaglandin receptors as cell cycle progression, extracellular matrix, or actin cytoskeleton organization. Altogether, our findings provide an alternative for treatment of NPH.
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Lalioti V, González-Sanz S, Lois-Bermejo I, González-Jiménez P, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Merino A, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Cell surface detection of vimentin, ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins reveals selective colocalization at primary cilia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7063. [PMID: 35487944 PMCID: PMC9052736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates docking of the virus onto cells prior to viral invasion. Several cellular receptors facilitate SARS-CoV-2 Spike docking at the cell surface, of which ACE2 plays a key role in many cell types. The intermediate filament protein vimentin has been reported to be present at the surface of certain cells and act as a co-receptor for several viruses; furthermore, its potential involvement in interactions with Spike proteins has been proposed. Nevertheless, the potential colocalization of vimentin with Spike and its receptors on the cell surface has not been explored. Here we have assessed the binding of Spike protein constructs to several cell types. Incubation of cells with tagged Spike S or Spike S1 subunit led to discrete dotted patterns at the cell surface, which consistently colocalized with endogenous ACE2, but sparsely with a lipid raft marker. Vimentin immunoreactivity mostly appeared as spots or patches unevenly distributed at the surface of diverse cell types. Of note, vimentin could also be detected in extracellular particles and in the cytoplasm underlying areas of compromised plasma membrane. Interestingly, although overall colocalization of vimentin-positive spots with ACE2 or Spike was moderate, a selective enrichment of the three proteins was detected at elongated structures, positive for acetylated tubulin and ARL13B. These structures, consistent with primary cilia, concentrated Spike binding at the top of the cells. Our results suggest that a vimentin-Spike interaction could occur at selective locations of the cell surface, including ciliated structures, which can act as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lalioti
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Sanz
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lois-Bermejo
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Jiménez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Merino
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Thomas DC, Moorthy JD, Prabhakar V, Ajayakumar A, Pitchumani PK. Role of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in craniofacial features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:36-46. [PMID: 35393766 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving pathogenic variants of EVC and EVC2 genes and classified as a ciliopathy. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the EVC gene on chromosome 4p16, and EVC2 gene, located close to the EVC gene, in a head-to-head configuration. Regardless of the affliction of EVC or EVC2, the clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are similar. Both these genes are expressed in tissues such as, but not limited to, the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and placenta, while the predominant expression in the craniofacial tissues is that of EVC2. Biallelic mutations of EVC and EVC2 affect Hedgehog signaling and thereby ciliary function, crucial factors in vertebrate development, culminating in the phenotypical features characteristic of EvC. The clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are consistent with significant abnormalities in morphogenesis and differentiation of the affected tissues. The robust role of primary cilia in histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation of oral, perioral, and craniofacial tissues is becoming more evident in the most recent literature. In this review, we give a summary of the mechanistic role of primary cilia in craniofacial development, taking Ellis-van Creveld syndrome as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis C Thomas
- Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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48
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Ki SM, Jeong HS, Lee JE. Primary Cilia in Glial Cells: An Oasis in the Journey to Overcoming Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736888. [PMID: 34658775 PMCID: PMC8514955 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with defects in primary cilia, which are cellular organelles involved in diverse cellular processes and homeostasis. Several types of glial cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems not only support the development and function of neurons but also play significant roles in the mechanisms of neurological disease. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on investigating the role of primary cilia in neurons. Accordingly, the interest of recent studies has expanded to elucidate the role of primary cilia in glial cells. Correspondingly, several reports have added to the growing evidence that most glial cells have primary cilia and that impairment of cilia leads to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cilia formation and the disease-related functions of cilia, which are common or specific to each glial cell. Moreover, we have paid close attention to the signal transduction and pathological mechanisms mediated by glia cilia in representative neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we expect that this field of research will clarify the mechanisms involved in the formation and function of glial cilia to provide novel insights and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Goutas A, Trachana V. Stem cells' centrosomes: How can organelles identified 130 years ago contribute to the future of regenerative medicine? World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1177-1196. [PMID: 34630857 PMCID: PMC8474719 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At the core of regenerative medicine lies the expectation of repair or replacement of damaged tissues or whole organs. Donor scarcity and transplant rejection are major obstacles, and exactly the obstacles that stem cell-based therapy promises to overcome. These therapies demand a comprehensive understanding of the asymmetric division of stem cells, i.e. their ability to produce cells with identical potency or differentiated cells. It is believed that with better understanding, researchers will be able to direct stem cell differentiation. Here, we describe extraordinary advances in manipulating stem cell fate that show that we need to focus on the centrosome and the centrosome-derived primary cilium. This belief comes from the fact that this organelle is the vehicle that coordinates the asymmetric division of stem cells. This is supported by studies that report the significant role of the centrosome/cilium in orchestrating signaling pathways that dictate stem cell fate. We anticipate that there is sufficient evidence to place this organelle at the center of efforts that will shape the future of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa 41500, Biopolis, Greece
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa 41500, Biopolis, Greece.
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50
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Kobayashi Y, Tomoshige S, Imakado K, Sekino Y, Koganezawa N, Shirao T, Diniz GB, Miyamoto T, Saito Y. Ciliary GPCR-based transcriptome as a key regulator of cilia length control. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:744-767. [PMID: 34485842 PMCID: PMC8409570 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a plasma membrane-protruding sensory organelle that efficiently conveys signaling cascades in a highly ordered microenvironment. Its signaling is mediated, in part, by a limited set of GPCRs preferentially enriched in the cilium membrane. This includes melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor 1 (MCHR1), which plays a role in feeding and mood. In addition to its receptor composition, the length of the cilium is a characteristic parameter that is implicated in its function. We previously found that MCH can dynamically shorten cilia length via the Gi/o and Akt pathways in both MCHR1-expressing hTERT-RPE1 cells (hRPE1 cells) and rat hippocampal neurons. However, the detailed mechanisms by which MCH regulates cilia length through ciliary MCHR1 remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the transcriptome changes in MCHR1-expressing hRPE1 cells in response to MCH to identify the target molecules involved in cilia length regulation via MCHR1 activation. RNA sequencing analysis of ciliated cells subjected to MCH treatment showed upregulation of 424 genes and downregulation of 112 genes compared with static control cells. Validation by quantitative real-time PCR, knocking down, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology identified a molecule, PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein 5 (PDLIM5). Thus, it was considered as the most significant key factor for MCHR1-mediated shortening of cilia length. Additional analyses revealed that the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin 1/4 is a crucial downstream target of the PDLIM5 signaling pathway that exerts an effect on MCHR1-induced cilia shortening. In the endogenous MCHR1-expressing hippocampus, transcriptional upregulation of PDLIM5 and actinin 1/4, following the application of MCH, was detected when the MCHR1-positive cilia were shortened. Together, our transcriptome study based on ciliary MCHR1 function uncovered a novel and important regulatory step underlying cilia length control. These results will potentially serve as a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the development of obesity and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Sakura Tomoshige
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kosuke Imakado
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Endowed Laboratory of Human Cell‐Based Drug DiscoveryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
- AlzMed, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Giovanne B. Diniz
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyResearch Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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