1
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Piper B, Bogamuwa S, Hossain T, Farkas D, Rosas L, Green AC, Newcomb G, Sun N, Ovando-Ricardez JA, Horowitz JC, Bhagwani AR, Yang H, Kudryashova TV, Rojas M, Mora AL, Yan P, Mallampalli RK, Goncharova EA, Eckmann DM, Farkas L. RAB7 deficiency impairs pulmonary artery endothelial function and promotes pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169441. [PMID: 38015641 PMCID: PMC10836802 DOI: 10.1172/jci169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with limited treatment options. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the development and progression of PAH, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The endosome-lysosome system is important to maintain cellular health, and the small GTPase RAB7 regulates many functions of this system. Here, we explored the role of RAB7 in endothelial cell (EC) function and lung vascular homeostasis. We found reduced expression of RAB7 in ECs from patients with PAH. Endothelial haploinsufficiency of RAB7 caused spontaneous pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mice. Silencing of RAB7 in ECs induced broad changes in gene expression revealed via RNA-Seq, and RAB7-silenced ECs showed impaired angiogenesis and expansion of a senescent cell fraction, combined with impaired endolysosomal trafficking and degradation, suggesting inhibition of autophagy at the predegradation level. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation were decreased, and glycolysis was enhanced. Treatment with the RAB7 activator ML-098 reduced established PH in rats with chronic hypoxia/SU5416. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the fundamental impairment of EC function by loss of RAB7, causing PH, and show RAB7 activation to be a potential therapeutic strategy in a preclinical model of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Piper
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Srimathi Bogamuwa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | | | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Lorena Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | | | - Geoffrey Newcomb
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Nuo Sun
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A. Ovando-Ricardez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Aneel R. Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
- Department of Physiology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Tatiana V. Kudryashova
- University of Pittsburgh, Heart, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and The James Cancer Center, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
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2
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Sarkar A, Das S, Bone H, DeVengencie I, Prasad J, Farkas D, Londino JD, Nho RS, Rojas M, Horowitz JC. Regulation of Mesenchymal Cell Fate by Transfer of Active Gasdermin-D via Monocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. J Immunol 2023; 210:832-841. [PMID: 36688687 PMCID: PMC9998362 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by inappropriately persistent myofibroblast accumulation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition with the disruption of tissue architecture and organ dysfunction. Regulated death of reparative mesenchymal cells is critical for normal wound repair, but profibrotic signaling promotes myofibroblast resistance to apoptotic stimuli. A complex interplay between immune cells and structural cells underlies lung fibrogenesis. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on how these cell populations interact to orchestrate physiologic and pathologic repair of the injured lung. In this context, gasdermin-D (GsdmD) is a cytoplasmic protein that is activated following cleavage by inflammatory caspases and induces regulated cell death by forming pores in cell membranes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of human (Thp-1) monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles and GsdmD on human lung fibroblast death. Our data show that active GsdmD delivered by monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles induces caspase-independent fibroblast and myofibroblast death. This cell death was partly mediated by GsdmD-independent induction of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP-2) in the recipient fibroblast population. Our findings, to our knowledge, define a novel paradigm by which inflammatory monocytes may orchestrate the death of mesenchymal cells in physiologic wound healing, illustrating the potential to leverage this mechanism to eliminate mesenchymal cells and facilitate the resolution of fibrotic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Sarkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Srabani Das
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hannah Bone
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ivana DeVengencie
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jayendra Prasad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James D Londino
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Richard S Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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3
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Tsai M, Rayner RE, Chafin L, Farkas D, Adair J, Mishan C, Mallampalli RK, Kim SH, Cormet-Boyaka E, Londino JD. Influenza Virus Reduces Ubiquitin E3 Ligase MARCH10 Expression to Decrease Ciliary Beat Frequency. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L666-L676. [PMID: 36852930 PMCID: PMC10151042 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00191.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, such as influenza, decrease airway cilia function and expression, which leads to reduced mucociliary clearance and inhibited overall immune defense. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification utilizing E3 ligases, which plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of cilia. We examined the role of MARCH family E3 ligases during influenza infection and determined that MARCH10, specifically expressed in ciliated epithelial cells, is significantly decreased during influenza infection in mice, human lung epithelial cells, and in human lung tissue. Cellular depletion of MARCH10 in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) using CRISPR/Cas9 showed a decrease in ciliary beat frequency. Furthermore, MARCH10 cellular knockdown in combination with influenza infection selectively decreased immunoreactive levels of the ciliary component, dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1. MARCH10 cellular overexpression significantly decreased influenza hemagglutinin protein levels in the differentiated HBECs and knock down of MARCH10 increased IL-1b cytokine expression, whereas overexpression had the reciprocal effect. These findings suggest MARCH10 may have a protective role in airway pulmonary host defense and innate immunity during influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- MuChun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Adair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chelsea Mishan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James D Londino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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4
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Bhagwani AR, Ali M, Piper B, Liu M, Hudson J, Kelly N, Bogamuwa S, Yang H, Londino JD, Bednash JS, Farkas D, Mallampalli RK, Nicolls MR, Ryan JJ, Thompson AR, Chan SY, Gomez D, Goncharova EA, Farkas L. A p53-TLR3 axis ameliorates pulmonary hypertension by inducing BMPR2 via IRF3. iScience 2023; 26:105935. [PMID: 36685041 PMCID: PMC9852960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) features pathogenic and abnormal endothelial cells (ECs), and one potential origin is clonal selection. We studied the role of p53 and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in clonal expansion and pulmonary hypertension (PH) via regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR2) signaling. ECs of PAH patients had reduced p53 expression. EC-specific p53 knockout exaggerated PH, and clonal expansion reduced p53 and TLR3 expression in rat lung CD117+ ECs. Reduced p53 degradation (Nutlin 3a) abolished clonal EC expansion, induced TLR3 and BMPR2, and ameliorated PH. Polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] increased BMPR2 signaling in ECs via enhanced binding of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) to the BMPR2 promoter and reduced PH in p53-/- mice but not in mice with impaired TLR3 downstream signaling. Our data show that a p53/TLR3/IRF3 axis regulates BMPR2 expression and signaling in ECs. This link can be exploited for therapy of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneel R. Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bryce Piper
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jaylen Hudson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Neil Kelly
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Srimathi Bogamuwa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hu Yang
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - James D. Londino
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John J. Ryan
- College of Humanities & Sciences, Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - A.A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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5
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Piper B, Bogamuwa S, Hossain T, Farkas D, Rosas L, Green A, Newcomb G, Sun N, Horowitz JC, Bhagwani AR, Yang H, Kudryashova TV, Rojas M, Mora AL, Yan P, Mallampalli RK, Goncharova EA, Eckmann DM, Farkas L. RAB7 deficiency impairs pulmonary artery endothelial function and promotes pulmonary hypertension. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.03.526842. [PMID: 36778418 PMCID: PMC9915659 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with limited treatment options. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in development and progression of PAH, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The endosome-lysosome system is important to maintain cellular health and the small GTPase RAB7 regulates many functions of this system. Here, we explored the role of RAB7 in endothelial cell (EC) function and lung vascular homeostasis. We found reduced expression of RAB7 in ECs from PAH patients. Endothelial haploinsufficiency of RAB7 caused spontaneous PH in mice. Silencing of RAB7 in ECs induced broad changes in gene expression revealed via RNA sequencing and RAB7 silenced ECs showed impaired angiogenesis, expansion of a senescent cell fraction, combined with impaired endolysosomal trafficking and degradation, which suggests inhibition of autophagy at the pre-degradation level. Further, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation were decreased, and glycolysis was enhanced. Treatment with the RAB7 activator ML-098 reduced established PH in chronic hypoxia/SU5416 rats. In conclusion, we demonstrate here for the first time the fundamental impairment of EC function by loss of RAB7 that leads to PH and show RAB7 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy in a preclinical model of PH.
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6
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Bednash JS, Johns F, Farkas D, Elhance A, Adair J, Cress K, Yount JS, Kenney AD, Londino JD, Mallampalli RK. Inhibiting the Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Viral Uptake by ACE2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:566-576. [PMID: 36730646 PMCID: PMC10174169 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0331oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) remains a significant public health burden with limited treatment options. Many beta-coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, gain entry to host cells through interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given its necessity for SARS-CoV-2 infection, ACE2 represents a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19. However, early attempts focusing on ACE2 in COVID-19 have not validated it as a druggable target nor identified other ACE2-related novel proteins for therapeutic intervention. Here, we identify a mechanism for ACE2 protein modulation by the deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1). ACE2 is constitutively ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome in lung epithelia. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cellular internalization increased ACE2 protein abundance by decreasing its degradation. Using an siRNA library targeting 96 human DUBs, we identified UCHL1 as a putative regulator of ACE2 function as a viral receptor. Overexpressed UCHL1 preserved ACE2 protein abundance, whereas silencing of the DUB in cells destabilized ACE2 through increased polyubiquitination. A commercially available small molecule inhibitor of UCHL1 DUB activity decreased ACE2 protein levels coupled with inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in epithelial cells. These findings describe a unique pathway of ACE2 regulation uncovering UCHL1 as a potential therapeutic target to modulate COVID-19 viral entry as a platform for future small molecule design and testing. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bednash
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States;
| | - Finny Johns
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 12306, Internal Medicine, PCCS, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ajit Elhance
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jessica Adair
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kirstin Cress
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jacob S Yount
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 12306, Microbial Infection and Immunity, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Adam D Kenney
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 12306, Microbial Infection and Immunity, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - James D Londino
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 12305, Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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7
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Farkas D, Bogamuwa S, Piper B, Newcomb G, Gunturu P, Bednash JS, Londino JD, Elhance A, Nho R, Mejia OR, Yount JS, Horowitz JC, Goncharova EA, Mallampalli RK, Robinson RT, Farkas L. A role for Toll-like receptor 3 in lung vascular remodeling associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.25.524586. [PMID: 36747676 PMCID: PMC9900759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.524586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to the complications of the disease. One potential complication is lung vascular remodeling, but the exact cause is still unknown. We hypothesized that endothelial TLR3 insufficiency contributes to lung vascular remodeling induced by SARS-CoV-2. In the lungs of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters, we discovered thickening of the pulmonary artery media and microvascular rarefaction, which were associated with decreased TLR3 expression in lung tissue and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro , SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced endothelial TLR3 expression. Following infection with mouse-adapted (MA) SARS-CoV-2, TLR3 knockout mice displayed heightened pulmonary artery remodeling and endothelial apoptosis. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid reduced lung tissue damage, lung vascular remodeling, and endothelial apoptosis associated with MA SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, repression of endothelial TLR3 is a potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated lung vascular remodeling and enhancing TLR3 signaling is a potential strategy for treatment.
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Tsai M, Osman W, Adair J, ElMergawy R, Chafin L, Johns F, Farkas D, Elhance A, Londino J, Mallampalli RK. The E3 ligase subunit FBXO45 binds the interferon-λ receptor and promotes its degradation during influenza virus infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102698. [PMID: 36379255 PMCID: PMC9747586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a major public health challenge, as the viral infection activates multiple biological networks linked to altered host innate immunity. Following infection, IFN-λ, a ligand crucial for the resolution of viral infections, is known to bind to its cognate receptor, IFNLR1, in lung epithelia. However, little is known regarding the molecular expression and regulation of IFNLR1. Here, we show that IFNLR1 is a labile protein in human airway epithelia that is rapidly degraded after influenza infection. Using an unbiased proximal ligation biotin screen, we first identified that the Skp-Cullin-F box E3 ligase subunit, FBXO45, binds to IFNLR1. We demonstrate that FBXO45, induced in response to influenza infection, mediates IFNLR1 protein polyubiquitination and degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system by docking with its intracellular receptor domain. Furthermore, we found ectopically expressed FBXO45 and its silencing in cells differentially regulated both IFNLR1 protein stability and interferon-stimulated gene expression. Mutagenesis studies also indicated that expression of a K319R/K320R IFNLR1 variant in cells exhibited reduced polyubiquitination, yet greater stability and proteolytic resistance to FBXO45 and influenza-mediated receptor degradation. These results indicate that the IFN-λ-IFNLR1 receptor axis is tightly regulated by the Skp-Cullin-F box ubiquitin machinery, a pathway that may be exploited by influenza infection as a means to limit antiviral responses.
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9
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Blanchard N, Link PA, Farkas D, Harmon B, Hudson J, Bogamuwa S, Piper B, Authelet K, Cool CD, Heise RL, Freishtat R, Farkas L. Dichotomous role of integrin-β5 in lung endothelial cells. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12156. [PMID: 36438452 PMCID: PMC9684688 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, devastating disease, and its main histological manifestation is an occlusive pulmonary arteriopathy. One important functional component of PAH is aberrant endothelial cell (EC) function including apoptosis-resistance, unchecked proliferation, and impaired migration. The mechanisms leading to and maintaining physiologic and aberrant EC function are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in PAH, ECs have increased expression of the transmembrane protein integrin-β5, which contributes to migration and survival under physiologic and pathological conditions, but also to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). We found that elevated integrin-β5 expression in pulmonary artery lesions and lung tissue from PAH patients and rats with PH induced by chronic hypoxia and injection of CD117+ rat lung EC clones. These EC clones exhibited elevated expression of integrin-β5 and its heterodimerization partner integrin-αν and showed accelerated barrier formation. Inhibition of integrin-ανβ5 in vitro partially blocked transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EnMT gene expression in rat lung control ECs and less in rat lung EC clones and human lung microvascular ECs. Inhibition of integrin-ανβ5 promoted endothelial dysfunction as shown by reduced migration in a scratch assay and increased apoptosis in synergism with TGF-β1. In vivo, blocking of integrin-ανβ5 exaggerated PH induced by chronic hypoxia and CD117+ EC clones in rats. In summary, we found a role for integrin-ανβ5 in lung endothelial survival and migration, but also a partial contribution to TGF-β1-induced EnMT gene expression. Our results suggest that integrin-ανβ5 is required for physiologic function of ECs and lung vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Blanchard
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Patrick A. Link
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Brennan Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jaylen Hudson
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Srimathi Bogamuwa
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Bryce Piper
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kayla Authelet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado at DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Robert Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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10
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Johnson BS, Chafin L, Farkas D, Adair J, Elhance A, Farkas L, Bednash JS, Londino JD. MicroID2: A Novel Biotin Ligase Enables Rapid Proximity Dependent Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100256. [PMID: 35688383 PMCID: PMC9293651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying protein-protein and other proximal interactions is central to dissecting signaling and regulatory processes in cells. BioID is a proximity dependent biotinylation method that uses an "abortive" biotin ligase to detect proximal interactions in cells in a highly reproducible manner. Recent advancements in proximity dependent biotinylation tools have improved efficiency and timing of labeling, allowing for measurement of interactions on a cellular timescale. However, issues of size, stability, and background labeling of these constructs persist. Here we modified the structure of BioID2, derived from A. aeolicus BirA, to create a smaller, highly active, biotin ligase that we named MicroID2. Truncation of the c-terminus of BioID2 and addition of mutations to alleviate blockage of biotin/ATP binding at the active site of BioID2 resulted in a smaller, highly active construct with lower background labeling. Several additional point mutations improved the function of our modified MicroID2 construct compared to BioID2 and other biotin ligases, including TurboID and miniTurbo. MicroID2 is the smallest biotin ligase reported so far (180 amino acids, for MicroID2 vs. 257 AA for miniTurbo and 338 AA for TurboID), yet it demonstrates only slightly less labeling activity than TurboID and outperforms miniTurbo. MicroID2 also had lower background labeling than TurboID. For experiments where precise temporal control of labeling is essential, we additionally developed a MicroID2 mutant, termed lbMicroID2, that has lower labeling efficiency, but significantly reduced biotin scavenging compared to BioID2. Finally, we demonstrate utility of MicroID2 in mass spectrometry experiments by localizing MicroID2 constructs to subcellular organelles and measuring proximal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica Adair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James D Londino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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11
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Mejia OR, Gloag ES, Li J, Ruane-Foster M, Claeys TA, Farkas D, Farkas L, Xin G, Robinson RT. Mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.58.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease; however, little is known regarding the immunological environment in the Mtb/CoV2 coinfected lung. The goal of this study was to use a mouse model of Mtb/CoV2 coinfection to determine if CoV2 affects Mtb bacterial burden and/or alters the lung immune profile. Using lung collected from human ACE2 transgenic (K18-hACE2) mice infected with both pathogens (Mtb only, SARS-CoV-2 only, and Mtb/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected), we evaluated immune gene expression, cytokine production, and bacterial burden. Surprisingly, these data show that Mtb suppresses CoV2 -related weight loss and lung viral burden in the human ACE2 transgenic mouse model. We also report a reduction in lung interferon gamma production and expression in coinfected mice compared to the Mtb only infected group, suggesting a possible altered T cell profile in the coinfected group. To determine whether Mtb-induced resistance to CoV2 was specific to the ACE2 transgenic model of COVID19, we performed the same set of experiments using a second mouse model of COVID19: Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MACoV2) infection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice.
In both model systems, Mtb-infected mice were resistant to secondary CoV2 infection and its pathological consequences, and CoV2 infection did not affect Mtb burdens. Single cell RNA sequencing of coinfected and monoinfected lungs demonstrated the resistance of Mtb-infected mice is associated with expansion of T and B cell subsets upon viral challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Mtb infection conditions the lung environment in a manner that is not conducive to CoV2 survival.
Supported by OSU Advancing Research in Infection and Immunity Fellowship Award
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rosas Mejia
- 1Microbial, Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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12
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Rosas Mejia O, Gloag ES, Li J, Ruane-Foster M, Claeys TA, Farkas D, Wang SH, Farkas L, Xin G, Robinson RT. Mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to acute disease caused by secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010093. [PMID: 35325013 PMCID: PMC8946739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease. Although Mtb and CoV2 both cause serious and sometimes fatal respiratory infections, the effect of Mtb infection and its associated immune response on secondary infection with CoV2 is unknown. To address this question we applied two mouse models of COVID19, using mice which were chronically infected with Mtb. In both model systems, Mtb-infected mice were resistant to the pathological consequences of secondary CoV2 infection, and CoV2 infection did not affect Mtb burdens. Single cell RNA sequencing of coinfected and monoinfected lungs demonstrated the resistance of Mtb-infected mice is associated with expansion of T and B cell subsets upon viral challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Mtb infection conditions the lung environment in a manner that is not conducive to CoV2 survival. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are distinct organisms which both cause lung disease. We report the surprising observation that Mtb-infected mice are resistant to secondary infection with CoV2, with no impact on Mtb burden and resistance associating with lung T and B cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology
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13
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Bednash JS, Kagan VE, Englert JA, Farkas D, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Samovich SN, Farkas L, Elhance A, Johns F, Lee H, Cheng L, Majumdar A, Jones D, Mejia OR, Ruane-Foster M, Londino JD, Mallampalli RK, Robinson RT. Syrian hamsters as a model of lung injury with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathologic, physiologic, and detailed molecular profiling. Transl Res 2022; 240:1-16. [PMID: 34740873 PMCID: PMC8562047 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of severe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms driving host responses to SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the lack of reliable preclinical models of COVID-19 that recapitulate human illness. Further, existing COVID-19 animal models are not characterized as models of experimental acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS. Acknowledging differences in experimental lung injury in animal models and human ARDS, here we systematically evaluate a model of experimental acute lung injury as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian golden hamsters. Following intranasal inoculation, hamsters demonstrate acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and systemic illness but survive infection with clearance of virus. Hamsters exposed to SARS-CoV-2 exhibited key features of experimental ALI, including histologic evidence of lung injury, increased pulmonary permeability, acute inflammation, and hypoxemia. RNA sequencing of lungs indicated upregulation of inflammatory mediators that persisted after infection clearance. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in hamster phospholipidome with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters exhibit key features of experimental lung injury supporting their use as a preclinical model of COVID-19 ARDS.
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Key Words
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- ali, acute lung injury
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
- ace2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- bal, bronchoalveolar lavage
- ifit, inf-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats
- ifn, interferon
- ihc, immunohistochemistry
- il, interleukin
- mpo, myeloperoxidase
- ngs, next generation sequencing
- opls-da, orthogonal projection of latent structures - discriminate analysis
- pc, phosphatidylcholine
- pe, phosphatidylethanolamine
- pfu, plaque forming unit
- pla2, phospholipase a2
- tfrc, transferrin receptor protein 1
- vip, variable importance in projection
- voc, variant of concern
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Finny Johns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhishek Majumdar
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Jones
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Oscar Rosas Mejia
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marisa Ruane-Foster
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James D Londino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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14
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Mallampalli RK, Adair J, Elhance A, Farkas D, Chafin L, Long ME, De M, Mora AL, Rojas M, Peters V, Bednash JS, Tsai M, Londino JD. Interferon Lambda Signaling in Macrophages Is Necessary for the Antiviral Response to Influenza. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735576. [PMID: 34899695 PMCID: PMC8655102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFNλ) signaling is a promising therapeutic target against viral infection in murine models, yet little is known about its molecular regulation and its cognate receptor, interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) in human lung. We hypothesized that the IFNλ signaling axis was active in human lung macrophages. In human alveolar macrophages (HAMs), we observed increased IFNLR1 expression and robust increase in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in response to IFNλ ligand. While human monocytes express minimal IFNLR1, differentiation of monocytes into macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased IFNLR1 mRNA, IFNLR1 protein expression, and cellular response to IFNλ ligation. Conversely, in mice, M-CSF or GM-CSF stimulated macrophages failed to produce ISGs in response to related ligands, IFNL2 or IFNL3, suggesting that IFNLR1 signaling in macrophages is species-specific. We next hypothesized that IFNλ signaling was critical in influenza antiviral responses. In primary human airway epithelial cells and precision-cut human lung slices, influenza infection substantially increased IFNλ levels. Pretreatment of both HAMs and differentiated human monocytes with IFNL1 significantly inhibited influenza infection. IFNLR1 knockout in the myeloid cell line, THP-1, exhibited reduced interferon responses to either direct or indirect exposure to influenza infection suggesting the indispensability of IFNLR1 for antiviral responses. These data demonstrate the presence of IFNλ - IFNLR1 signaling axis in human lung macrophages and a critical role of IFNλ signaling in combating influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jessica Adair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew E. Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mithu De
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Victor Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - MuChun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - James D. Londino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States,*Correspondence: James D. Londino,
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15
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Mejia OR, Gloag ES, Li J, Ruane-Foster M, Claeys TA, Farkas D, Farkas L, Xin G, Robinson RT. Mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2021:2021.11.09.467862. [PMID: 34790981 PMCID: PMC8597884 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.09.467862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease. Although Mtb and CoV2 both cause serious and sometimes fatal respiratory infections, the effect of Mtb infection and its associated immune response on secondary infection with CoV2 is unknown. To address this question we applied two mouse models of COVID19, using mice which were chronically infected with Mtb. In both model systems, Mtb-infected mice were resistant to secondary CoV2 infection and its pathological consequences, and CoV2 infection did not affect Mtb burdens. Single cell RNA sequencing of coinfected and monoinfected lungs demonstrated the resistance of Mtb-infected mice is associated with expansion of T and B cell subsets upon viral challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Mtb infection conditions the lung environment in a manner that is not conducive to CoV2 survival. AUTHOR SUMMARY Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are distinct organisms which both cause lung disease. We report the surprising observation that Mtb-infected mice are resistant to secondary infection with CoV2, with no impact on Mtb burden and resistance associating with lung T and B cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rosas Mejia
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erin S Gloag
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marisa Ruane-Foster
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiffany A Claeys
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Ponto J, Farkas D, Segal JD, Yusupov Y. Maxillomandibular osteotomy healing in a patient with hypophosphatemic rickets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50:1591-1595. [PMID: 34049762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatemic rickets is a hereditary disease of childhood that affects bone metabolism. Patients with this disease can have poor bony healing at growth centers due to impaired mineralization of the cartilaginous bone plates. The orthopedic literature has shown appropriate long bone healing in patients with rickets who are undergoing concurrent medical management. However, there has never been a report of successful osteotomy or fracture of the maxillomandibular skeleton in a patient with rickets with documented radiographic and clinical resolution. This report describes a case of successful Le Fort I osteotomy with bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomies with concurrent medical management in an 18-year-old female with hypophosphatemic rickets. Before surgery the patient was consented and understood that because there has never been a documented case such as this, she might especially risk complications including non-union, malunion, or unfavorable osteotomy splits. The intraoperative quality of the patient's bone was of normal caliber and allowed routine osteotomy creation and internal fixation with no complications. She was followed for over 3 years and showed uneventful healing. While this disease is especially rare, practitioners should be aware that acceptable healing alongside appropriate medical management has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ponto
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - D Farkas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - J D Segal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwell Health at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
| | - Y Yusupov
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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17
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Ponto J, Farkas D, Shimonova M, Yau R, Berger J, Yusupov Y, Hoffman D. Novel Mandibular Full Arch Rehabilitation Using Standardized Prefabricated Hybrid Framework. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Bhagwani AR, Hultman S, Farkas D, Moncayo R, Dandamudi K, Zadu AK, Cool CD, Farkas L. Endothelial cells are a source of Nestin expression in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213890. [PMID: 30883593 PMCID: PMC6422269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation of endothelial cells is essential to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Both proliferation and cytoskeleton reorganization are associated with upregulation of the intermediate filament protein Nestin. Recently, accumulation of Nestin-expressing cells was found in pulmonary vascular lesions of PAH patients. The goal of this study is to determine if Nestin expression contributes to endothelial proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension, using both lung tissues and endothelial cells. Here we found that endothelial cells from complex and plexiform lesions of PAH patients expressed Nestin. These Nestin+ cells further stained positive for the angiogenic factors CXC chemokine ligand 12 and Wnt1. Likewise, in the chronic hypoxia/SU5416 animal model of pulmonary hypertension, Nestin+ endothelial cells were found in occlusive pulmonary vascular lesions. In vitro, both growing rat and human lung endothelial cells expressed Nestin protein. When Nestin was overexpressed in endothelial cells (both rat and human), Nestin overexpression promoted proliferation and expression of CXC chemokine ligand 12. Nestin overexpression further increased angiogenic tube formation in vitro. Conclusions: We found increased Nestin expression from endothelial cells of occlusive lung vascular lesions in severe pulmonary hypertension. Elevated Nestin expression likely contributes to unchecked pulmonary vascular proliferation and angiogenesis, possibly via induction of CXC chemokine ligand 12. Additional studies are required to determine whether targeting Nestin would be beneficial to treat PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Nestin/genetics
- Nestin/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneel R. Bhagwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Schuyler Hultman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Moncayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Kaivalya Dandamudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Arsema K. Zadu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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Farkas D, Thompson AAR, Bhagwani AR, Hultman S, Ji H, Kotha N, Farr G, Arnold ND, Braithwaite A, Casbolt H, Cole JE, Sabroe I, Monaco C, Cool CD, Goncharova EA, Lawrie A, Farkas L. Toll-like Receptor 3 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:199-210. [PMID: 30211629 PMCID: PMC6353001 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular cell proliferation and endothelial cell apoptosis. TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) is a receptor for double-stranded RNA and has been recently implicated in vascular protection. OBJECTIVES To study the expression and role of TLR3 in PAH and to determine whether a TLR3 agonist reduces pulmonary hypertension in preclinical models. METHODS Lung tissue and endothelial cells from patients with PAH were investigated by polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and apoptosis assays. TLR3-/- and TLR3+/+ mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia and SU5416. Chronic hypoxia or chronic hypoxia/SU5416 rats were treated with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS TLR3 expression was reduced in PAH patient lung tissue and endothelial cells, and TLR3-/- mice exhibited more severe pulmonary hypertension following exposure to chronic hypoxia/SU5416. TLR3 knockdown promoted double-stranded RNA signaling via other intracellular RNA receptors in endothelial cells. This was associated with greater susceptibility to apoptosis, a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Poly(I:C) increased TLR3 expression via IL-10 in rat endothelial cells. In vivo, high-dose Poly(I:C) reduced pulmonary hypertension in both rat models in proof-of-principle experiments. In addition, Poly(I:C) also reduced right ventricular failure in established pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our work identifies a novel role for TLR3 in PAH based on the findings that reduced expression of TLR3 contributes to endothelial apoptosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aneel R. Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Schuyler Hultman
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hyun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Naveen Kotha
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Grant Farr
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nadine D. Arnold
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Braithwaite
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Casbolt
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Cole
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Szalárdy O, German B, Tóth B, Orosz G, Farkas D, Hajdu B, Honbolygó F, Winkler I. Large-scale functional brain network correlates of speech predictability effects on speaker separation. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-Husseini A, Kraskauskas D, Mezzaroma E, Nordio A, Farkas D, Drake JI, Abbate A, Felty Q, Voelkel NF. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 signaling contributes to angioobliterative pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:101-16. [PMID: 25992275 DOI: 10.1086/679704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the development of severe angioobliterative pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are multicellular and complex. Many of the features of human severe PAH, including angioobliteration, lung perivascular inflammation, and right heart failure, are reproduced in the Sugen 5416/chronic hypoxia (SuHx) rat model. Here we address, at first glance, the confusing and paradoxical aspect of the model, namely, that treatment of rats with the antiangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 and 2 kinase inhibitor, Sugen 5416, when combined with chronic hypoxia, causes angioproliferative pulmonary vascular disease. We postulated that signaling through the unblocked VEGF receptor VEGFR3 (or flt4) could account for some of the pulmonary arteriolar lumen-occluding cell growth. We also considered that Sugen 5416-induced VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 blockade could alter the expression pattern of VEGF isoform proteins. Indeed, in the lungs of SuHx rats we found increased expression of the ligand proteins VEGF-C and VEGF-D as well as enhanced expression of the VEGFR3 protein. In contrast, in the failing right ventricle of SuHx rats there was a profound decrease in the expression of VEGF-B and VEGF-D in addition to the previously described reduction in VEGF-A expression. MAZ51, an inhibitor of VEGFR3 phosphorylation and VEGFR3 signaling, largely prevented the development of angioobliteration in the SuHx model; however, obliterated vessels did not reopen when animals with established PAH were treated with the VEGFR3 inhibitor. Part of the mechanism of vasoobliteration in the SuHx model occurs via VEGFR3. VEGFR1/VEGFR2 inhibition can be initially antiangiogenic by inducing lung vessel endothelial cell apoptosis; however, it can be subsequently angiogenic via VEGF-C and VEGF-D signaling through VEGFR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayser Al-Husseini
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Eleanora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Nordio
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer I Drake
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Farkas D, Alhussaini AA, Kraskauskas D, Kraskauskiene V, Cool CD, Nicolls MR, Natarajan R, Farkas L. Nuclear factor κB inhibition reduces lung vascular lumen obliteration in severe pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:413-25. [PMID: 24684441 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0355oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB and IL-6, a NF-κB downstream mediator, play a central role in the inflammatory response of tissues. We aimed to determine the role of the classical NF-κB pathway in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by SU5416 and chronic hypoxia (SuHx) in rats. Tissue samples from patients with idiopathic PAH (iPAH) and control subjects were investigated. SuHx rats were treated from Days 1 to 3, 1 to 21, and 29 to 42 with the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and/or from Days 1 to 21 with anti-IL-6 antibody. Nuclear staining for NF-κB, an indicator of the activation of the classical NF-κB pathway, was detected in pulmonary arterial lesions of patients with iPAH and SuHx rats. NF-κB inhibition with PDTC prevented and reduced pulmonary arterial obliteration without reducing muscularization. However, the elevated lung levels of IL-6 were not reduced in PDTC-treated SuHx animals. PDTC treatment prevented or reduced apoptosis of pulmonary artery wall cells and pulmonary arterial obliteration. IL-6 inhibition had only a partial effect on apoptosis and obliteration. Pulmonary arterial media wall thickness was not affected by any of these treatments. Preventive and therapeutic PDTC treatment promoted immune regulation by increasing the number of perivascular CD4(+) T cells, in particular regulatory T cells (early treatment), and by reducing the number of perivascular CD8(+) T lymphocytes and CD45RA(+) B lymphocytes. Therapeutic PDTC treatment further preserved right ventricular function in SuHx animals. Inhibition of NF-κB may represent a therapeutic option for pulmonary arterial obliteration via reduced vessel wall cell apoptosis and improved regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farkas
- 1 Victoria Johnson Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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De Raaf MA, Hussaini AA, Gomez-Arroyo J, Kraskaukas D, Farkas D, Happé C, Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition with trichostatin A does not reverse severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2014; 4:237-43. [PMID: 25006442 DOI: 10.1086/675986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly progressive and devastating disease characterized by remodeling of lung vessels, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and eventually right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Because histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are agents hampering tumor growth and cardiac hypertrophy, they have been attributed a therapeutic potential for patients with PAH. Outcomes of studies evaluating the use of HDAC inhibitors in models of PAH and right ventricular pressure overload have been equivocal, however. Here we describe the levels of HDAC activity in the lungs and hearts of rats with pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy or failure, experimentally induced by monocrotaline (MCT), the combined exposure to the VEGF-R inhibitor SU5416 and hypoxia (SuHx), and pulmonary artery banding (PAB). We show that HDAC activity levels are reduced in the lungs of rat with experimentally induced hypertension, whereas activity levels are increased in the hypertrophic hearts. In contrast to what was previously found in the MCT model, the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A had no effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling in the SuHx model. When our results and those in the published literature are taken together, it is suggested that the effects of HDAC inhibitors in humans with PAH and associated RV failure are, at best, unpredictable. Significant progress can perhaps be made by using more specific HDAC inhibitors, but before clinical tests in human PAH can be undertaken, careful preclinical studies are required to determine potential cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Alexander De Raaf
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aysar Al Hussaini
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskaukas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chris Happé
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Knowledge Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Farkas D, Kraskauskas D, Drake JI, Alhussaini AA, Kraskauskiene V, Bogaard HJ, Cool CD, Voelkel NF, Farkas L. CXCR4 inhibition ameliorates severe obliterative pulmonary hypertension and accumulation of C-kit⁺ cells in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89810. [PMID: 24587052 PMCID: PMC3933653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful curative treatment of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with luminal obliteration will require a thorough understanding of the mechanism underlying the development and progression of pulmonary vascular lesions. But the cells that obliterate the pulmonary arterial lumen in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension are incompletely characterized. The goal of our study was to evaluate whether inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 4 will prevent the accumulation of c-kit⁺ cells and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. We detected c-kit⁺⁻ cells expressing endothelial (von Willebrand Factor) or smooth muscle cell/myofibroblast (α-smooth muscle actin) markers in pulmonary arterial lesions of SU5416/chronic hypoxia rats. We found increased expression of CXC chemokine ligand 12 in the lung tissue of SU5416/chronic hypoxia rats. In our prevention study, AMD3100, an inhibitor of the CXC chemokine ligand 12 receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4, only moderately decreased pulmonary arterial obliteration and pulmonary hypertension in SU5416/chronic hypoxia animals. AMD3100 treatment reduced the number of proliferating c-kit⁺ α-smooth muscle actin⁺ cells and pulmonary arterial muscularization and did not affect c-kit⁺ von Willebrand Factor⁺ cell numbers. Both c-kit⁺ cell types expressed CXC chemokine receptor 4. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in the SU5416/chronic hypoxia model of severe pulmonary hypertension, the CXC chemokine receptor 4-expressing c-kit⁺ α-smooth muscle actin⁺ cells contribute to pulmonary arterial muscularization. In contrast, vascular lumen obliteration by c-kit⁺ von Willebrand Factor⁺ cells is largely independent of CXC chemokine receptor 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farkas
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer I. Drake
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aysar A. Alhussaini
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vita Kraskauskiene
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlyne D. Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Norbert F. Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mohammed BM, Fisher BJ, Kraskauskas D, Farkas D, Brophy DF, Fowler AA, Natarajan R. Vitamin C: a novel regulator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Nutrients 2013; 5:3131-51. [PMID: 23939536 PMCID: PMC3775246 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was recently identified as a novel mechanism to kill pathogens. However, excessive NET formation in sepsis can injure host tissues. We have recently shown that parenteral vitamin C (VitC) is protective in sepsis. Whether VitC alters NETosis is unknown. METHODS We used Gulo-/- mice as they lack the ability to synthesize VitC. Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal infusion of a fecal stem solution (abdominal peritonitis, FIP). Some VitC deficient Gulo-/- mice received an infusion of ascorbic acid (AscA, 200 mg/kg) 30 min after induction of FIP. NETosis was assessed histologically and by quantification for circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) in serum. Autophagy, histone citrullination, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NFκB activation and apoptosis were investigated in peritoneal PMNs. RESULTS Sepsis produced significant NETs in the lungs of VitC deficient Gulo-/- mice and increased circulating cf-DNA. This was attenuated in the VitC sufficient Gulo-/- mice and in VitC deficient Gulo-/- mice infused with AscA. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from VitC deficient Gulo-/- mice demonstrated increased activation of ER stress, autophagy, histone citrullination, and NFκB activation, while apoptosis was inhibited. VitC also significantly attenuated PMA induced NETosis in PMNs from healthy human volunteers. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo findings identify VitC as a novel regulator of NET formation in sepsis. This study complements the notion that VitC is protective in sepsis settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (D.F.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Bernard J. Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.J.F.); (D.K.); (D.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.J.F.); (D.K.); (D.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.J.F.); (D.K.); (D.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Donald F. Brophy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (D.F.B.)
| | - Alpha A. Fowler
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.J.F.); (D.K.); (D.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Ramesh Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mails: (B.J.F.); (D.K.); (D.F.); (A.A.F.)
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Fisher BJ, Kraskauskas D, Martin EJ, Farkas D, Puri P, Massey HD, Idowu MO, Brophy DF, Voelkel NF, Fowler AA, Natarajan R. Attenuation of sepsis-induced organ injury in mice by vitamin C. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:825-39. [PMID: 23917525 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113497760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the principal cause of death in patients with sepsis. Recent work supports the notion that parenteral vitamin C (VitC) is protective in sepsis through pleiotropic mechanisms. Whether suboptimal levels of circulating VitC increase susceptibility to sepsis-induced MODS is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unlike mice, humans lack the ability to synthesize VitC because of loss of L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (Gulo), the final enzyme in the biosynthesis of VitC. To examine whether physiological levels of VitC are required for defense against a catastrophic infection, we induced sepsis in VitC sufficient and VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice by intraperitoneal infusion of a fecal stem solution (FIP). Some VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice received a parenteral infusion of ascorbic acid (AscA, 200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after induction of FIP. We used molecular, histological, and biochemical analyses to assess for MODS as well as abnormalities in the coagulation system and circulating blood cells. RESULTS FIP produced injury to lungs, kidneys and liver (MODS) in VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice. MODS was not evident in FIP-exposed VitC sufficient Gulo(-/-) mice and attenuated in VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice infused with AscA. Septic VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice developed significant abnormalities in the coagulation system and circulating blood cells. These were attenuated by VitC sufficiency/infusion in septic Gulo(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS VitC deficient Gulo(-/-) mice were more susceptible to sepsis-induced MODS. VitC sufficiency or parenteral infusion of VitC, following induction of sepsis, normalized physiological functions that attenuated the development of MODS in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Erika J Martin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - H Davis Massey
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael O Idowu
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Donald F Brophy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Alpha A Fowler
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ramesh Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Van Tassell BW, Farkas D, Marchetti C, Voelkel NF, Abbate A. Interleukin-1β blockade improves cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction without interrupting the inflammasome in the mouse. Exp Physiol 2012. [PMID: 23180808 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cryopyrin inflammasome in the heart induces an intense inflammatory response during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which mediates further damage and promotes adverse cardiac remodelling. Active interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key product of the inflammasome, being cleaved by active caspase-1. The aim of this study was to dissect the role of IL-1β from that of the inflammasome by using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against IL-1β and measuring the intensity of the inflammatory response, the activity of caspase-1 in the inflammasome, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodelling in a mouse model of non-reperfused AMI. A mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody directed against IL-1β (IL-1β-AB; 10 mg kg(-1)) was given i.p. immediately after surgery and repeated 1 week later. Cardiac tissue was analysed at 72 h after surgery in a subgroup of mice for inflammasome aggregates and caspase-1 activity (inflammasome) and for DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity (apoptosis). All sham-operated mice were alive at 10 weeks, whereas 40% of the control-antibody-treated mice and 30% of the IL-1β-AB-treated mice died during the 4 weeks after surgery. When compared with vehicle, treatment with the IL-1β-AB did not affect inflammasome formation or caspase-1 activation in the heart tissue at 72 h after AMI nor circulating plasma IL-6 levels, but did inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, limit left ventricular enlargement by 40% (P < 0.01) and improve systolic dysfunction by 17% (P < 0.01) after AMI. These findings suggest that IL-1β mediates the deleterious effects on the heart during the sterile inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Box 980281, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Toldo S, Breckenridge DG, Mezzaroma E, Van Tassell BW, Shryock J, Kannan H, Phan D, Budas G, Farkas D, Lesnefsky E, Voelkel N, Abbate A. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e002360. [PMID: 23316291 PMCID: PMC3541620 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.002360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the clear advantages of reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction, part of the myocardium is injured during reperfusion by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species activate apoptosis signal–regulating kinase-1, a key mediator in cell death. We hypothesized that inhibition of apoptosis signal–regulating kinase-1 at the time of reperfusion would protect the heart from ischemia–reperfusion injury. Methods and Results Male CD1 mice underwent transient coronary artery ligation (30 minutes) followed by reperfusion or underwent sham surgery (n=10 to 12 per group). A selective small-molecule inhibitor of apoptosis signal–regulating kinase-1 (GS-459679) was given immediately after reperfusion (10 or 30 mg/kg IP). Infarct size was measured early (at 24 hours, in a subgroup of mice) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and late (at 7 days) by Masson's trichrome staining for fibrosis. Apoptosis was assessed by measurement of caspase-3 activity and by determination of DNA fragmentation in cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before surgery and then at 24 hours and 7 days later. Treatment with GS-459679 at reperfusion led to a significant dose-related reduction in infarct size (31% for 10 mg/kg [P<0.001 versus vehicle] and 60% for 30 mg/kg [P<0.001 versus vehicle]), inhibition of apoptotic cell death, and preservation of left ventricular dimension and systolic function at both 24 hours and 7 days. Conclusions Inhibition of apoptosis signal–regulating kinase-1 at the time of reperfusion limits infarct size and preserves left ventricular function in a model of acute myocardial infarction in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial condition and the underlying pulmonary vascular disease is shaped by the combined action of genetic, epigenetic and immune-related factors. Whether and how gender, obesity and the metabolic syndrome modify PAH and associated right heart failure is under intense investigation. Estrogens may enhance the process of pulmonary angioproliferation, but may also protect the right ventricle under pressure. Obesity may affect the pulmonary circulation via interactions with inflammatory cells and mediators, or via alterations in endocrine signaling. Obesity is a major risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary venous pressure and preserved LV ejection fraction. Given the overlap between PAH and autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism in patients with PAH is commonly considered a consequence of an autoimmune thyroiditis. In the clinical setting of hyperthyroidism, severe pulmonary hypertension may develop due to a hyperdynamic circulation, but a more complex situation presents itself when hyperthyroidism is associated with PAH. We recently showed in a relevant animal model of severe PAH that thyroid hormone, via its endothelial cell-proliferative action, can be permissive and drive angioproliferation. Signaling via the integrin αvβ3 and FGF receptors may participate in the formation of the lung vascular lesions in this model of PAH. Whether thyroid hormones in euthyroid PAH patients play a pathobiologically important role is unknown- as we also do not know whether the commonly diagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with severe PAH is cardioprotective. This brief review highlights some recent insights into the role of metabolic and endocrine disorders in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mizuno S, Farkas L, Al Husseini A, Farkas D, Gomez-Arroyo J, Kraskauskas D, Nicolls MR, Cool CD, Bogaard HJ, Voelkel NF. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by SU5416 and ovalbumin immunization. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:679-87. [PMID: 22842496 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0077oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of chronic hypoxia and treatment of rats with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor blocker, SU5416, induces pulmonary angio-obliteration, resulting in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Inflammation is thought to contribute to the pathology of PAH. Allergic inflammation caused by ovalbumin (OVA) immunization causes muscularization of pulmonary arteries, but not severe PAH. Whether disturbance of the immune system and allergic inflammation in the setting of lung endothelial cell apoptosis causes PAH is unknown. We investigated the effects of OVA-allergic inflammation on the development of PAH initiated by VEGF blockade-induced lung endothelial cell apoptosis. OVA-immunized rats were treated with SU5416 to induce pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. The combination of OVA and SU5416 treatment resulted in severe angio-obilterative PAH, accompanied by increased IL-6 expression in the lungs. c-Kit(+) and Sca-1(+) cells were found in and around the lung vascular lesions. Pan-caspase inhibiton, dexamethasone treatment, and depletion of B-lymphocytes using an anti-CD20 antibody suppressed this remodeling. OVA immunization also increased lung tissue hypoxia-induced factor-1α and VEGF expression. Our results also suggest that the increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and IL-6 induced by the allergic lung inflammation may be a component of the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Mizuno
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division and Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Al Husseini A, Bagnato G, Farkas L, Gomez-Arroyo J, Farkas D, Mizuno S, Kraskauskas D, Abbate A, Van Tassel B, Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ. Thyroid hormone is highly permissive in angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur Respir J 2012; 41:104-14. [PMID: 22835607 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00196511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with thyroid disease, but a mechanistic explanation for this association is lacking. Because a central hallmark of vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension is lumen obliteration by endothelial cell growth and because thyroid hormones are known to be angiogenic, we hypothesised that thyroid hormones play a role in the control of endothelial cell proliferation in experimental PAH in rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by subtotal thyroidectomy and treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) in rats with experimental PAH after combined exposure to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition and hypoxia (the Sugen-chronic hypoxia (SuHx) model). Subtotal thyroidectomy prevented and PTU treatment reversed the development of severe experimental PAH. Thyroxin repletion restored the PAH phenotype in thyroidectomised SuHx rats. The prevention of PAH by thyroidectomy was associated with a reduced rate of cell turnover, reduced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, and reduced expression of α(v)β(3) integrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF receptor. Thyroidectomy mitigated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, but this effect was not associated with a decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. These data suggest that thyroid hormone permits endothelial cell proliferation in PAH. A causal link between thyroid diseases and the onset or progression of vascular remodelling in PAH patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysar Al Husseini
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, and Victoria Johnson Center for Pulmonary Ocbstructive Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Bringa EM, Monk JD, Caro A, Misra A, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Duchaineau M, Abraham F, Nastasi M, Picraux ST, Wang YQ, Farkas D. Are nanoporous materials radiation resistant? Nano Lett 2012; 12:3351-3355. [PMID: 21651306 DOI: 10.1021/nl201383u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The key to perfect radiation endurance is perfect recovery. Since surfaces are perfect sinks for defects, a porous material with a high surface to volume ratio has the potential to be extremely radiation tolerant, provided it is morphologically stable in a radiation environment. Experiments and computer simulations on nanoscale gold foams reported here show the existence of a window in the parameter space where foams are radiation tolerant. We analyze these results in terms of a model for the irradiation response that quantitatively locates such window that appears to be the consequence of the combined effect of two length scales dependent on the irradiation conditions: (i) foams with ligament diameters below a minimum value display ligament melting and breaking, together with compaction increasing with dose (this value is typically ∼5 nm for primary knock on atoms (PKA) of ∼15 keV in Au), while (ii) foams with ligament diameters above a maximum value show bulk behavior, that is, damage accumulation (few hundred nanometers for the PKA's energy and dose rate used in this study). In between these dimensions, (i.e., ∼100 nm in Au), defect migration to the ligament surface happens faster than the time between cascades, ensuring radiation resistance for a given dose-rate. We conclude that foams can be tailored to become radiation tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bringa
- CONICET & Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
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Fisher BJ, Kraskauskas D, Martin EJ, Farkas D, Wegelin JA, Brophy D, Ward KR, Voelkel NF, Fowler AA, Natarajan R. Mechanisms of attenuation of abdominal sepsis induced acute lung injury by ascorbic acid. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L20-32. [PMID: 22523283 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00300.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the lungs and abdomen are among the most common causes of sepsis. Abdominal peritonitis often results in acute lung injury (ALI). Recent reports demonstrate a potential benefit of parenteral vitamin C [ascorbic acid (AscA)] in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Therefore we examined the mechanisms of vitamin C supplementation in the setting of abdominal peritonitis-mediated ALI. We hypothesized that vitamin C supplementation would protect lungs by restoring alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and preventing sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with a fecal stem solution to induce abdominal peritonitis (FIP) 30 min prior to receiving either AscA (200 mg/kg) or dehydroascorbic acid (200 mg/kg). Variables examined included survival, extent of ALI, pulmonary inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase, chemokines), bronchoalveolar epithelial permeability, alveolar fluid clearance, epithelial ion channel, and pump expression (aquaporin 5, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, epithelial sodium channel, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), tight junction protein expression (claudins, occludins, zona occludens), cytoskeletal rearrangements (F-actin polymerization), and coagulation parameters (thromboelastography, pro- and anticoagulants, fibrinolysis mediators) of septic blood. FIP-mediated ALI was characterized by compromised lung epithelial permeability, reduced alveolar fluid clearance, pulmonary inflammation and neutrophil sequestration, coagulation abnormalities, and increased mortality. Parenteral vitamin C infusion protected mice from the deleterious consequences of sepsis by multiple mechanisms, including attenuation of the proinflammatory response, enhancement of epithelial barrier function, increasing alveolar fluid clearance, and prevention of sepsis-associated coagulation abnormalities. Parenteral vitamin C may potentially have a role in the management of sepsis and ALI associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0050, USA
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Gomez-Arroyo J, Saleem SJ, Mizuno S, Syed AA, Bogaard HJ, Abbate A, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Sung Y, Kraskauskas D, Farkas D, Conrad DH, Nicolls MR, Voelkel NF. A brief overview of mouse models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: problems and prospects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L977-91. [PMID: 22307907 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00362.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic pulmonary diseases are associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is a term that continues to be used to describe a wide spectrum of vascular abnormalities. Pulmonary vascular structural changes frequently increase pulmonary vascular resistance, causing PH and right heart failure. Although rat models had been standard models of PH research, in more recent years the availability of genetically engineered mice has made this species attractive for many investigators. Here we review a large amount of data derived from experimental PH reports published since 1996. These studies using wild-type and genetically designed mice illustrate the challenges and opportunities provided by these models. Hemodynamic measurements are difficult to obtain in mice, and right heart failure has not been investigated in mice. Anatomical, cellular, and genetic differences distinguish mice and rats, and pharmacogenomics may explain the degree of PH and the particular mode of pulmonary vascular adaptation and also the response of the right ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Disease Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 E. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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35
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Bogaard HJ, Mizuno S, Guignabert C, Al Hussaini AA, Farkas D, Ruiter G, Kraskauskas D, Fadel E, Allegood JC, Humbert M, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Spiegel S, Farkas L, Voelkel NF. Copper dependence of angioproliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and humans. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:582-91. [PMID: 22162909 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0296oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obliteration of the vascular lumen by endothelial cell growth is a hallmark of many forms of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Copper plays a significant role in the control of endothelial cell proliferation in cancer and wound-healing. We sought to determine whether angioproliferation in rats with experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell proliferation in humans depend on the proangiogenic action of copper. A copper-depleted diet prevented, and copper chelation with tetrathiomolybdate reversed, the development of severe experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. The copper chelation-induced reopening of obliterated vessels was caused by caspase-independent apoptosis, reduced vessel wall cell proliferation, and a normalization of vessel wall structure. No evidence was found for a role of super oxide-1 inhibition or lysyl-oxidase-1 inhibition in the reversal of angioproliferation. Tetrathiomolybdate inhibited the proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, isolated from explanted lungs from control subjects and patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. These data suggest that the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by a copper-restricting strategy could be explored as a new therapeutic approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension. It remains to be determined, however, whether potential toxicity to the right ventricle is offset by the beneficial pulmonary vascular effects of antiangiogenic treatment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mezzaroma E, Toldo S, Farkas D, Seropian IM, Van Tassell BW, Salloum FN, Kannan HR, Menna AC, Voelkel NF, Abbate A. The inflammasome promotes adverse cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19725-30. [PMID: 22106299 PMCID: PMC3241791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108586108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiates an intense inflammatory response that promotes cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and ventricular remodeling. The molecular events underlying this inflammatory response, however, are incompletely understood. In experimental models of sterile inflammation, ATP released from dying cells triggers, through activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor, the formation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex necessary for caspase-1 activation and amplification of the inflammatory response. Here we describe the presence of the inflammasome in the heart in an experimental mouse model of AMI as evidenced by increased caspase-1 activity and cytoplasmic aggregates of the three components of the inflammasome--apoptosis speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), cryopyrin, and caspase-1, localized to the granulation tissue and cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct. Cultured adult murine cardiomyocytes also showed the inducible formation of the inflammasome associated with increased cell death. P2X7 and cryopyrin inhibition (using silencing RNA or a pharmacologic inhibitor) prevented the formation of the inflammasome and limited infarct size and cardiac enlargement after AMI. The formation of the inflammasome in the mouse heart during AMI causes additional loss of functional myocardium, leading to heart failure. Modulation of the inflammasome may therefore represent a unique therapeutic strategy to limit cell death and prevent heart failure after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center
- VCU Victoria Johnson Center, and
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center
- VCU Victoria Johnson Center, and
| | | | - Ignacio M. Seropian
- VCU Pauley Heart Center
- VCU Victoria Johnson Center, and
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Benjamin W. Van Tassell
- VCU Victoria Johnson Center, and
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Warburton D, Gauldie J, Shi W, Stampfli MR, Voelkel NF, Kolb M. Cigarette smoke exposure aggravates air space enlargement and alveolar cell apoptosis in Smad3 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L391-401. [PMID: 21743024 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of genetic susceptibility factors predisposing cigarette smokers to develop emphysema stems from the clinical observation that only a fraction of smokers develop clinically significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We investigated whether Smad3 knockout mice, which develop spontaneous air space enlargement after birth because of a defect in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, develop enhanced alveolar cell apoptosis and air space enlargement following cigarette smoke exposure. We investigated Smad3(-/-) and Smad3(+/+) mice at different adult ages and determined air space enlargement, alveolar cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, laser-capture microdissection and real-time PCR were used to measure compartment-specific gene expression. We then compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on Smad3(-/-) and littermate controls. Smad3 knockout resulted in the development of air space enlargement in the adult mouse and was associated with decreased alveolar VEGF levels and activity and increased alveolar cell apoptosis. Cigarette smoke exposure aggravated air space enlargement and alveolar cell apoptosis. We also found increased Smad2 protein expression and phosphorylation, which was enhanced following cigarette smoke exposure, in Smad3-knockout animals. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed that endothelial apoptosis started before epithelial apoptosis. Our data indicate that balanced TGF-β signaling is not only important for regulation of extracellular matrix turnover, but also for alveolar cell homeostasis. Impaired signaling via the Smad3 pathway results in alveolar cell apoptosis and alveolar destruction, likely via increased Smad2 and reduced VEGF expression and might represent a predisposition for accelerated development of emphysema due to cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Gomez-Arroyo JG, Farkas L, Alhussaini AA, Farkas D, Kraskauskas D, Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ. The monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in perspective. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L363-9. [PMID: 21964406 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00212.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are characterized by various degrees of remodeling of the pulmonary arterial vessels, which increases the pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload, thus contributing to the development of right ventricle dysfunction and failure. Recent years have seen advances in the understanding of the pathobiology of PAH; however, many important questions remain unanswered. Elucidating the pathobiology of PAH continues to be critical to design new effective therapeutic strategies, and appropriate animal models of PAH are necessary to achieve the task. Although the monocrotaline rat model of PAH has contributed to a better understanding of vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension, we question the validity of this model as a preclinically relevant model of severe plexogenic PAH. Here we review pertinent publications that either have been forgotten or ignored, and we reexamine the monocrotaline model in the context of human forms of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Gomez-Arroyo
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Disease Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, USA
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Abstract
ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics computer simulation of nanocrystalline Ni and Cu with mean grain sizes ranging from 5 to 20 nm show that grain boundaries in nanocrystalline metals have structures similar to most grain boundaries found in conventional polycrystalline materials. Moreover, the excess enthalpy density in grain boundaries and triple junctions appears to be independent of grain in both, computer generated and experimental measured samples. Simulations of deformation under constant uniaxial stress demonstrate a change in deformation mechanism as function of grain size: at the smallest grain sizes all deformation is accommodated in the grain boundaries, at higher grain sizes, intragrain deformation is observed
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Farkas D, Pasianot R, Savino EJ, Miracle D. Comparison of TEM Observations with Dislocation Core Structure Calcuiations in B2 Ordered Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-213-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTDislocation core structures have been calculated using atomistic computer simulations in NiAl and other B2 compounds. In the present work the calculated dislocation core structure are correlated with the known deforniatiorn behavior of B2 alloys. It is found that for the high ordering energy compounds <111> dislocations do not split in the simulations, in agreement with the experimental observations. It is also found that core structures for certain <111> and 1/2 <111> dislocations are spread in { 112} planes, which is consistent with the slip plane often reported for these dislocations. For the < 100> dislocations several orientations of the dislocation line produce sessile core configurations, whereas other orientations produce relatively more glissile cores. However, a structural transition of each of these dislocation cores may be required before < 100> dislocations become mobile, and this is consistent with the limited tensile ductility observed in NiAl “soft” single crystals below 200°C. Core structure simulations for < 110> dislocations are also reported and are discussed with respect to the importance of these dislocations in the deformation of NiAl.
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Mishin Y, Farkas D, Mehl MJ, Papaconstantopoulos DA. Interatomic Potentials for Al and Ni From Experimental Data and AB Initio Calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-538-535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNew embedded-atom potentials for Al and Ni have been developed by fitting to both experimental data and the results of ab initio calculations. The ab initio data were obtained in the form of energies of different alternative computer-generated crystalline structures of these metals. The potentials accurately reproduce basic equilibrium properties of Al and Ni such as the elastic constants, phonon dispersion curves, vacancy formation and migration energies, stacking fault energies, and surface energies. The equilibrium energies of various alternative structures not included in the fitting database are calculated with these potentials. The results are compared with predictions of total-energy tight-binding calculations for the same structures. The embedded-atom potentials correctly reproduce the structural stability trends, which suggests that they are transferable to different local environments encountered in atomistic simulations of lattice defects.
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Cina DP, Xu H, Liu L, Farkas L, Farkas D, Kolb M, Margetts PJ. Renal tubular angiogenic dysregulation in anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F488-98. [PMID: 21048020 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritubular vascular changes and hypoxia after glomerular injury may explain subsequent tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis. Several studies suggested that the expected tubulointerstitial angiogenic response is actively suppressed in this setting. The mechanism of this aberrant response has not been clearly identified. We used a common model of glomerular injury in rats to assess vascular changes and to identify potential factors associated with this aberrant response. Anti-Thy1.1 antibody administration (1 or 4 weekly doses) led to a dose-dependent renal damage characterized by elevated urea and tubulointerstitial fibrosis as assessed by Picro-Sirius Red staining. We quantified peritubular capillaries using CD31 and CD34 immunohistochemistry and showed that tubular angiogenic dysregulation was associated with peritubular capillary rarefaction. Using laser capture microdissection, we demonstrated an early induction of fibrogenic and angiogenic factors in the glomeruli and a subsequent dysregulated angiogenic response in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Proximal tubules of anti-Thy1.1-treated animals had increased pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) expression by immunohistochemistry. Protein taken by laser capture microdissection also showed that PEDF was upregulated. Temporally associated with PEDF expression was a transient downregulation of tubular hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α. In a human proximal tubular cell culture, we show that PEDF downregulates HIF1α protein and gene expression in cells exposed to 1% oxygen. In anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis, there is aberrent tubular angiogenesis associated with glomerular injury and tubulointersititial fibrosis. We showed that PEDF may be involved by downregulating HIF1α. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanism of PEDF upregulation and action in the tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide P Cina
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Warburton D, Shi W, Kolb M. Transient overexpression of Gremlin results in epithelial activation and reversible fibrosis in rat lungs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:870-8. [PMID: 20705941 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0070oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disease of the lung parenchyma, without curative treatment. Gremlin is a bone morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonist, its expression being increased in IPF lungs. It has been implicated in promoting myofibroblast accumulation, likely through inhibited fibroblast apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In the current study, we examined the effects of selective adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Gremlin in rat lungs. We show that transient Gremlin overexpression results in activation of alveolar epithelial cells with proliferation and apoptosis, as well as partly reversible lung fibrosis. We found myofibroblasts arranged in fibroblastic foci. Fibroblast proliferation occurred delayed as compared with epithelial changes. Fibrotic pathology significantly declined after Day 14, the reversal being associated with an increase of the epithelium-protective element, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-10. Our data indicate that Gremlin-mediated BMP inhibition results in activation of epithelial cells and transient fibrosis, but also induction of epithelium-protective FGF10. A Gremlin-BMP-FGF10 loop may explain these results, and demonstrate that the interactions between different factors are quite complex in fibrotic lung disease. Increased Gremlin expression in human IPF tissue may be an expression of continuing epithelial injury, and Gremlin may be part of activated repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Farkas
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Shi W, Kolb M. Apoptosis and disturbed cellular composition in experimental emphysema. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Ask K, Möller A, Gauldie J, Margetts P, Inman M, Kolb M. VEGF ameliorates pulmonary hypertension through inhibition of endothelial apoptosis in experimental lung fibrosis in rats. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1298-311. [PMID: 19381013 DOI: 10.1172/jci36136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can lead to the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and ultimately death. Despite this known association, the precise mechanism of disease remains unknown. Using a rat model of IPF, we explored the role of the proangiogenic and antiapoptotic growth factor VEGF in the vascular remodeling that underlies PH. In this model, adenoviral delivery of active TGF-beta1 induces pulmonary arterial remodeling, loss of the microvasculature in fibrotic areas, and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis revealed decreased levels of VEGF and its receptor, which were inversely correlated with PAP and endothelial cell apoptosis in both the micro- and macrovasculature. Treatment of IPF rats with adenoviral delivery of VEGF resulted in reduced endothelial apoptosis, increased vascularization, and improved PAP due to reduced remodeling but worsened PF. These data show that experimental pulmonary fibrosis (PF) leads to loss of the microvasculature through increased apoptosis and to remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, with both processes resulting in PH. As administration of VEGF ameliorated the PH in this model but concomitantly aggravated the fibrogenic process, VEGF-based therapies should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Inman M, Shi W, Kolb M. BMP-Antagonist Gremlin induziert fibroblastische Foci und EMT in der Rattenlunge. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Ask K, Möller A, Gauldie J, Margetts P, Inman M, Kolb M. VEGF verbessert Pulmonale Hypertonie in einem Lungenfibrosemodell durch verminderte Apoptose mikrovaskulärer Endothelzellen. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Farkas D, Volak LP, Harmatz JS, von Moltke LL, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ. Short-term clarithromycin administration impairs clearance and enhances pharmacodynamic effects of trazodone but not of zolpidem. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85:644-50. [PMID: 19242403 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic and dynamic interactions of 5 mg zolpidem and 50 mg trazodone with 500 mg clarithromycin (4 doses given over 32 h) were investigated in a 5-way double crossover study with 10 healthy volunteers. The five treatment conditions were: placebo + placebo; zolpidem + placebo; zolpidem + clarithromycin; trazodone + placebo; and trazodone + clarithromycin. Coadministration of clarithromycin increased trazodone area under the curve, prolonged elimination half-life, increased peak plasma concentration (C(max)), and reduced oral clearance. In contrast, clarithromycin had no significant effect on any kinetic parameter for zolpidem. Clarithromycin did not potentiate sedation caused by zolpidem. However, clarithromycin coadministered with trazodone significantly increased self- and observer-rated sedation and ratings of feeling "spacey." Thus, short-term clarithromycin coadministration significantly impairs trazodone clearance, elevates plasma concentrations, and enhances sedative effects. However, clarithromycin has no significant kinetic or dynamic interaction with zolpidem.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
High pressure processing (HPP) of foods offers a commercially viable and practical alternative to heat processing by allowing food processors to pasteurize foods at or near room temperature. Pressure in combination with moderate temperature also seems to be a promising approach for producing shelf-stable foods. This paper outlines research needs for further advancement of high pressure processing technology. Kinetic models are needed for describing bacterial inactivation under combined pressure-thermal conditions and for microbial process evaluation. Further, identification of suitable surrogate organisms are needed for use as indicator organisms and for process validation studies. More research is needed to evaluate process uniformity at elevated pressure-thermal conditions to facilitate successful introduction of low-acid shelf-stable foods. Combinations of non-thermal technologies with high pressure could reduce the severity of the process pressure requirement. Likewise, processing equipment requires improvements in reliability and line-speed to compete with heat pasteurization lines. More studies are also needed to document the changes in animal and vegetable tissue and nutrient content during pressure processing, from types of packaging, and from storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.M. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1007, USA,
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- Deptartment of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6602 USA
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Farkas L, Ask K, Moeller A, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Kolb M. Kompartment-spezifische Expression von TGF-β abhängigen Genen in einem Emphysem-Tiermodell. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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