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Oliveira CA, Mercês ÉAB, Portela FS, Malheiro LFL, Silva HBL, De Benedictis LM, De Benedictis JM, Silva CCDE, Santos ACL, Rosa DP, Velozo HS, de Jesus Soares T, de Brito Amaral LS. An integrated view of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity: characteristics, common molecular mechanisms, and current clinical management. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02490-x. [PMID: 38678166 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapy drug widely prescribed to treat various neoplasms. Although fundamental for the therapeutic action of the drug, its cytotoxic mechanisms trigger adverse effects in several tissues, such as the kidney, liver, and heart, which limit its clinical use. In this sense, studies point to an essential role of damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the pathophysiology of tissue injuries. Due to the limitation of effective preventive and therapeutic measures against CP-induced toxicity, new strategies with potential cytoprotective effects have been studied. Therefore, this article is timely in reviewing the characteristics and main molecular mechanisms common to renal, hepatic, and cardiac toxicity previously described, in addition to addressing the main validated strategies for the current management of these adverse events in clinical practice. We also handle the main promising antioxidant substances recently presented in the literature to encourage the development of new research that consolidates their potential preventive and therapeutic effects against CP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Érika Azenathe Barros Mercês
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Santos Portela
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helloisa Souza Velozo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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2
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Yu H, Gu X, Wang D, Wang Z. Brucella infection and Toll-like receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342684. [PMID: 38533384 PMCID: PMC10963510 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucella consists of gram-negative bacteria that have the ability to invade and replicate in professional and non-professional phagocytes, and its prolonged persistence in the host leads to brucellosis, a serious zoonosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-known sensors of microorganisms implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, TLRs are transmembrane proteins with a typical structure of an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. In this review, we discuss Brucella infection and the aspects of host immune responses induced by pathogens. Furthermore, we summarize the roles of TLRs in Brucella infection, with substantial emphasis on the molecular insights into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease-Related Biomarkers, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease-Related Biomarkers, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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3
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Wen J, Li Z, Lv Y, Ding S, Zhu Y, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu M, Zhao Y, Zhao W. A subunit vaccine based on Brucella rBP26 induces Th1 immune responses and M1 macrophage activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38419498 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonotic infection caused by Brucella bacteria, which poses a significant burden on society. While transmission prevention is currently the most effective method, the absence of a licenced vaccine for humans necessitates the urgent development of a safe and effective vaccine. Recombinant protein-based subunit vaccines are considered promising options, and in this study, the Brucella BP26 protein is expressed using prokaryotic expression systems. The immune responses are evaluated using the well-established adjuvant CpG-ODN. The results demonstrate that rBP26 supplemented with a CpG adjuvant induces M1 macrophage polarization and stimulates cellular immune responses mediated by Th1 cells and CD8 + T cells. Additionally, it generates high levels of rBP26-specific antibodies in immunized mice. Furthermore, rBP26 immunization activates, proliferates, and produces cytokines in T lymphocytes while also maintaining immune memory for an extended period of time. These findings shed light on the potential biological function of rBP26, which is crucial for understanding brucellosis pathogenesis. Moreover, rBP26 holds promise as an effective subunit vaccine candidate for use in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- General Medicine Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
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4
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Yang L, Wang ZA, Gan Y, Zuo H, Deng H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. Basigin binds bacteria and activates Dorsal signaling to promote antibacterial defense in Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109123. [PMID: 37813154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in immune regulation. Basigin, an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane protein, is involved in the activation of NF-κB. However, its role in NF-κB signaling in response to pathogen infection remains unclear. In this study, we identified the Basigin gene from Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, a representative species for studying the innate immune system of invertebrates. Basigin promoted the degradation of the IκB homolog Cactus, facilitated the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB family member Dorsal, and positively regulated the expression of Dorsal pathway downstream antimicrobial peptide genes. Interestingly, recombinant Basigin protein could bind a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Silencing of Basigin inhibited the Dorsal signaling activated by V. parahaemolyticus infection and significantly decreased the survival rate of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp. The expression levels of the antimicrobial peptides ALF1 and ALF2 were downregulated, and the phagocytosis of hemocytes was attenuated in Basigin-silenced shrimp. Similar results were observed in shrimp treated with a recombinant extracellular region of the Basigin protein that was able to compete with endogenous Basigin. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the function of Basigin as a pathogen recognition receptor that activates NF-κB signaling for antibacterial immunity in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yushi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hengwei Deng
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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5
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Kim JK, Chang I, Jung Y, Kaplan Z, Hill EE, Taichman RS, Krebsbach PH. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection promotes TNF-α signaling and SMAC mimetic-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20655. [PMID: 37867861 PMCID: PMC10585237 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests an association between Mycoplasma infections and the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we report that chronic and persistent M. hyorhinis infection induced robust TNF-α secretion from PCa cells. TNF-α secreted from M. hyorhinis-infected PCa cells subsequently led to activation of the NF-κB pathway. Chronic M. hyorhinis infection induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a NF-κB-dependent manner and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in PCa cells. The elimination of M. hyorhinis in PCa cells significantly blocked TNF-α secretion, gene expression of cytokines and chemokines, migration, and invasion in PCa cells, suggesting M. hyorhinis-induced TNF-α plays an important role to promote malignant transformation of PCa. Furthermore, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics potentiated caspase activation and cell death in M. hyorhinis-infected PCa by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) activity. Tissue microarray analysis indicated that TNF-α is co-expressed in M. hyorhinis-infected human patient tissues. Findings from this study advance our understanding of the mycoplasma-oncogenesis process and suggest the potential for new approaches for preventions, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches against prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Koo Kim
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Insoon Chang
- Section of Endodontics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zach Kaplan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elliott E. Hill
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul H. Krebsbach
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Ozberk V, Zaman M, Lepletier A, Eskandari S, Kaden J, Mills JL, Calcutt A, Dooley J, Huo Y, Langshaw EL, Ulett GC, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Pandey M. A Glycolipidated-liposomal peptide vaccine confers long-term mucosal protection against Streptococcus pyogenes via IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5963. [PMID: 37749129 PMCID: PMC10520070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosally active subunit vaccines are an unmet clinical need due to lack of licensed immunostimulants suitable for vaccine antigens. Here, we show that intranasal administration of liposomes incorporating: the Streptococcus pyogenes peptide antigen, J8; diphtheria toxoid as a source of T cell help; and the immunostimulatory glycolipid, 3D(6-acyl) PHAD (PHAD), is able to induce long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. Mice genetically deficient in either mucosal antibodies or total antibodies are protected against S. pyogenes respiratory tract infection. Utilizing IL-17-deficient mice or depleting cellular subsets using antibodies, shows that the cellular responses encompassing, CD4+ T cells, IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils have important functions in vaccine-mediated mucosal immunity. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of a mucosal vaccine platform to deliver multi-pronged protective responses against a highly virulent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharareh Eskandari
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqualine Kaden
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee Mills
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Hop HT, Huy TXN, Lee HJ, Kim S. Intracellular growth of Brucella is mediated by Dps-dependent activation of ferritinophagy. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55376. [PMID: 37503678 PMCID: PMC10481649 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Brucella cause brucellosis, one of the world's most common zoonotic diseases. A major contributor to Brucella's virulence is the ability to circumvent host immune defense mechanisms. Here, we find that the DNA-binding protein Dps from Brucella is secreted within the macrophage cytosol, modulating host iron homeostasis and mediating intracellular growth of Brucella. In addition to dampening iron-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key immune effector required for immediate bacterial clearance, cytosolic Dps mediates ferritinophagy activation to elevate intracellular free-iron levels, thereby promoting Brucella growth and inducing host cell necrosis. Inactivation of the ferritinophagy pathway by Ncoa4 gene knockout significantly inhibits intracellular growth of Brucella and host cell death. Our study uncovers an unconventional role of bacterial Dps, identifying a crucial virulence mechanism used by Brucella to adapt to the harsh environment inside macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- University Center for Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | | | - Hu Jang Lee
- College of Veterinary MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuKorea
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8
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Kim H, Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Reyes AWB, Min W, Lee HJ, Hur J, Kim S. The Modulatory Effect of Sodium Propionate Treatment in the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Intracellular Growth of Brucella abortus 544 in Raw 264.7 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1006-1012. [PMID: 37280772 PMCID: PMC10468669 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium propionate (SP) treatment on intracellular mechanism of murine macrophages and its contribution to host immunity during Brucella abortus 544 infection. The intracellular growth assay revealed that SP inhibited Brucella replication inside the macrophages. To determine intracellular signaling involved during SP treatment after Brucella infection, we analyzed the change of five different cytokines production relevant to SP such as TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the results indicated that the boost with IL-10 was apparent throughout the culture period for 48 h as well as IL-1β which was apparent at 24 h post-infection and IFN-γ which was apparent at 24 h and 48 h in comparison to SP untreated groups. On the other way, SP-treated cells displayed suppressed production of TNF-α and IL-6 at all time points tested and 48 h post-infection, respectively. Furthermore, we conducted western blot to establish a cellular mechanism, and the result suggested that SP treatment attenuated p50 phosphorylation, part of the NF-κB pathway. These findings indicated that the inhibitory effect of SP against Brucella infection could be attributed through induction of cytokine production and interference on intracellular pathway, suggesting SP as a potential candidate for treating brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Liu L, Deng X, Guo J, Cao S, Zhu D, Xu J, Nikolaevna UV, Maratbek S, Wang Z, Sun Z, Gu X, Zhang H. Systemic Pharmacology Reveals the Potential Targets and Signaling Mechanisms in the Adjuvant Treatment of Brucellosis with Traditional Chinese Medicine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28797-28812. [PMID: 37576692 PMCID: PMC10413447 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Human brucellosis is one of the world's most common zoonoses, caused by Brucella infection and characterized by induced inflammation, which in severe cases can lead to abortion and sterility in humans and animals. There is growing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is beneficial as an adjunct to the treatment of brucellosis. However, its specific targets of action and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a systematic pharmacological approach was applied to demonstrate pharmacological targets, biological functions, and signaling pathways of TCM as an adjunct to the treatment of brucellosis (TCMTB). The results of network pharmacology were further verified by in vitro experiments. Network analysis revealed that 133 active ingredients and 247 targets were screened in TCMTB. Further data analysis identified 21 core targets and 5 core compounds in TCMTB, including beta-sitosterol, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and paeoniflorin. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome analysis showed that TCMTB might actively treat brucellosis by regulating inflammatory response, enhancing immune function, and targeting signaling pathways such as tuberculosis and TNF. Molecular docking results showed that multiple compounds could bind to multiple targets. Further, in vitro experiments confirmed that quercetin, among the active compounds screened, induced the strongest immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during Brucella abortus infection. Further, quercetin induced nitric oxide production, which attenuated the ability of B. abortus to internalize THP-1 cells as well as intracellular survival. This study reveals the mechanism by which TCMTB aids in the treatment of brucellosis through a synergistic multicomponent, multipathway, and multitarget action. The contribution of quercetin treatment to B. abortus infection was demonstrated for the first time, which may be related to the quercetin-induced production of nitric oxide and immunomodulatory and inflammatory cytokines. These predictions of the core compounds and targets may be used in the future for the clinical treatment of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhao
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Liangbo Liu
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xingmei Deng
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shuzhu Cao
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Dexin Zhu
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Herbivorous
Animal Bacterial Disease Innovation Team, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Usevich Vera Nikolaevna
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
- College
of Veterinary, Ural State Agricultural University, Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Suleimenov Maratbek
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
- College
of Veterinary, Kazakh National Agricultural
University, Nur Sultan 050001, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhen Wang
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xinli Gu
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State
International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College
of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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10
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Yurkina DM, Sharapova TN, Romanova EA, Yashin DV, Sashchenko LP. Short Peptides of Innate Immunity Protein Tag7 (PGLYRP1) Selectively Induce Inhibition or Activation of Tumor Cell Death via TNF Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11363. [PMID: 37511122 PMCID: PMC10379010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have found two peptides of Tag7 (PGLYRP1) protein-17.1A (HRDVQRT) and 17.1B (RSNYVLKG), that have different affinities to the TNFR1 receptor and the Hsp70 protein. Peptide 17.1A is able to inhibit signal transduction through the TNFR1 receptor, and peptide 17.1B can activate this receptor in a complex with Hsp70. Thus, it is possible to modulate the activity of the TNFR1 receptor and further perform its specific inhibition or activation in the treatment of various autoimmune or oncological diseases.
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11
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Tran NT, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li S. SpTNF regulates apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide synthesis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108881. [PMID: 37279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is important in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the functions of TNF in the immune responses of invertebrates have been less studied. In this study, SpTNF was cloned and characterized from mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) for the first time. SpTNF contains an open reading frame of 354 bp encoding 117 deduced amino acids, with a conserved C-terminal TNF homology domain (THD) domain. RNAi knockdown of SpTNF reduced hemocyte apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. Expression of SpTNF was initially down-regulated but subsequently up-regulated after 48 h in hemocytes of mud crabs after WSSV infection. Results of RNAi knockdown and overexpression showed that SpTNF inhibits the WSSV infection through activating apoptosis, NF-κB pathway, and AMP synthesis. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (SpLITAF) can regulate the expression of SpTNF, induction of apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB pathway and AMP synthesis. The expression and nuclear translocation of SpLITAF were regulated by WSSV infection. SpLITAF knockdown increased the WSSV copy number and VP28 gene expression. Taken together, these results proved the protective function of SpTNF, which is regulated by SpLITAF, in the immune response of mud crabs against WSSV through the regulation of apoptosis and activation of AMP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Lianjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Esfahani M, Rahbar AH, Asl SS, Bashirian S, Mir Moeini ES, Mehri F. The Effects of Resveratrol on Silica-Induced Lung Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:118-123. [PMID: 36941929 PMCID: PMC10024237 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to silica is related with the provocation of an inflammatory response and oxidative stress mechanism. Vitamin D has multiple benefits in biological activities particularly respiratory system disease. Method In this research, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (5 rats /group) as follow: Group1 received saline as (negative control) group. The group 2 received a single IT instillation of silica (positive control) group; the group 3 was co-administrated with single IT silica and Vitamin D (20 mg/kg/day) daily for a period of 90 days. The rats of group 4 received Vitamin D daily for a period of 90 days. Results Silica significantly increased serum and lung total Oxidant Status (TOS). Meanwhile, silica reduced serum and lung total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSH and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a). Vitamin D treatment meaningfully reversed oxidative stress, antioxidants status and inflammatory response. Also, Vitamin D improved histopathological changes caused by silica. Conclusion These findings indicate that Vitamin D exerts protective effects against silica-induced lung injury. It seems that Vitamin D has potential use as a therapeutic object for silica induced lung injure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Rahbar
- Ayatollah Bahari Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saed Bashirian
- Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Effat Sadat Mir Moeini
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Liu F, Smith AD, Wang TTY, Pham Q, Cheung L, Yang H, Li RW. Biological pathways via which the anthocyanin malvidin alleviated the murine colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium. Food Funct 2023; 14:1048-1061. [PMID: 36562464 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is a causal agent for diarrheal diseases and contributes to morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five years. The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistant EPEC strains necessitate the search for novel alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we used Citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen that mimics many aspects of human EPEC infections, to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the blueberry anthocyanin malvidin 3-glucoside (MG) using a multi-omics approach. MG supplementation reversed the bodyweight loss induced by C. rodentium infection and improved colonic hyperplasia and histopathological scores. In the colon tissue, MG supplementation significantly increased the expression of Hace1, a key regulator of TNFα-driven signaling, and impacted multiple pathways, such as TGFβ signaling. MG partially restored C. rodentium-induced microbial dysbiosis and significantly enhanced the abundance of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis. Moreover, MG disrupted the interactions of E. coli with other gut microbes. MG significantly mediated several host- and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as cytosine, ureidopropionic acid, and glutaric acid. MG normalized the bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamine, a member of the endocannabinoid system, from the dysregulated level in infected mice, directly contributing to its overall beneficial effects. Our findings provided novel insights into molecular processes via which the flavonoid malvidin exerts its biological effects in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Allen D Smith
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lumei Cheung
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Robert W Li
- USDA-ARS, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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14
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Mahish C, De S, Chatterjee S, Ghosh S, Keshry SS, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Tung KS, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. TLR4 is one of the receptors for Chikungunya virus envelope protein E2 and regulates virus induced pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139808. [PMID: 37153546 PMCID: PMC10157217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor, is known to exert inflammation in various cases of microbial infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, any such involvement of TLR4 in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is yet to be explored. Accordingly, the role of TLR4 was investigated towards CHIKV infection and modulation of host immune responses in the current study using mice macrophage cell line RAW264.7, primary macrophage cells of different origins and in vivo mice model. The findings suggest that TLR4 inhibition using TAK-242 (a specific pharmacological inhibitor) reduces viral copy number as well as reduces the CHIKV-E2 protein level significantly using p38 and JNK-MAPK pathways. Moreover, this led to reduced expression of macrophage activation markers like CD14, CD86, MHC-II and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, MCP-1) significantly in both the mouse primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cell line, in vitro. Additionally, TAK-242-directed TLR4 inhibition demonstrated a significant reduction of percent E2-positive cells, viral titre and TNF expression in hPBMC-derived macrophages, in vitro. These observations were further validated in TLR4-knockout (KO) RAW cells. Furthermore, the interaction between CHIKV-E2 and TLR4 was demonstrated by immuno-precipitation studies, in vitro and supported by molecular docking analysis, in silico. TLR4-dependent viral entry was further validated by an anti-TLR4 antibody-mediated blocking experiment. It was noticed that TLR4 is necessary for the early events of viral infection, especially during the attachment and entry stages. Interestingly, it was also observed that TLR4 is not involved in the post-entry stages of CHIKV infection in host macrophages. The administration of TAK-242 decreased CHIKV infection significantly by reducing disease manifestations, improving survivability (around 75%) and reducing inflammation in mice model. Collectively, for the first time, this study reports TLR4 as one of the novel receptors to facilitate the attachment and entry of CHIKV in host macrophages, the TLR4-CHIKV-E2 interactions are essential for efficient viral entry and modulation of infection-induced pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages, which might have translational implication for designing future therapeutics to regulate the CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saikat De
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Supriya Suman Keshry
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Somlata Khamaru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kshyama Subhadarsini Tung
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, ; Soma Chattopadhyay,
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, ; Soma Chattopadhyay,
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15
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Chen Y, Fu Y, Kong L, Wang F, Peng X, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Wu Q, Wu T. Pal Affects the Proliferation in Macrophages and Virulence of Brucella, and as Mucosal Adjuvants, Provides an Effective Protection to Mice Against Salmonella Enteritidis. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:2. [PMID: 36418790 PMCID: PMC9684781 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the roles of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal protein) in the proliferation of Brucella in macrophage and bacterial virulence, and to evaluate the immune effect of Pal protein to Salmonella enteritidis. Murine macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 was stimulated by recombinant Pal protein, and the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ were up-regulated, but not it of IL-1β and IL-6. The macrophages infection and in vitro simulated stress assays showed that deletion of pal gene reduced the proliferation of Brucella in macrophages, the survival in acidic, oxidative and polymyxin B-contained environment. The mice infection assay showed that mice challenged with the pal mutant strain were found to have more severe splenomegaly, but less bacterial load. After oral immunization of mice, Pal protein induced a higher titer of mucosal and humoral antibody (IgA and IgG) against heat-killed Salmonella enteritidis, and a stronger Th1 cellular immune response. The challengte experiments showed Pal protein elevated the survival rate and reduced the bacterial load of spleens in immunized mice. In conclusion, our results revealed the important roles of pal gene in Brucella virulence, and Pal protein was a potentially valuable adjuvant against mucosal pathogens, such as Salmonella enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, NO.123, Road Xueyuan, District Changli, Qinhuangdao, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Fu
- Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, NO.123, Road Xueyuan, District Changli, Qinhuangdao, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, NO.123, Road Xueyuan, District Changli, Qinhuangdao, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, NO.123, Road Xueyuan, District Changli, Qinhuangdao, 066600, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, NO.123, Road Xueyuan, District Changli, Qinhuangdao, 066600, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Devi K, Singh Y, Kanojiya S, Moharana B. Aurintricarboxylic acid mitigates cigarette smoke extract induced oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation via inhibition of NF-ҡB/p65 signaling. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:83-94. [PMID: 35706141 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) induced emphysema and chronic pulmonary inflammation are major comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CS exposure exacerbates pulmonary inflammation and compromises immunity to various infections. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is a polyanionic aromatic compound especially recognized for its anti-inflammatory, nucleic acid, and protein interaction inhibition properties. The study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of ATA against cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced pulmonary inflammation. Nicotine concentration was quantified in CSE by UPLC/MS technique. In vitro, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry was performed in CSE stimulated alveolar epithelial cells to determine the effect of ATA on oxidative stress-mediated cellular apoptosis. In vivo, pulmonary inflammation was induced in male Wistar rats via a modified non-invasive intratracheal instillation of cigarette smoke extract (100 µl/animal) twice a week for 8 weeks and post-treated with ATA (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 15 days. Lung homogenates were assessed for MDA and GSH. Lung tissues were subjected to western blotting and histopathological analysis. As result, ATA reduced CSE-induced chromatin condensation, fragmentation, cellular apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells, and apoptotic biomarkers expression including BAX and Caspase-3 in the lungs. ATA reduced inflammation by normalizing redox balance reflected by MDA/GSH levels. ATA obviated airspace enlargement, fiber deposition, and immune cell infiltration. Reduced inflammation was accompanied by inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers TNF-α, TNFR1, TWEAK, and NF-ҡB/p65 activation and nuclear translocation. ATA efficaciously diminished the oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation associated with lung pathogenesis through TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-ҡB/p65 signaling pathway. HIGHLIGHTSATA treatment attenuates CSE-stimulated chromatin condensation, fragmentation, and cellular apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells.ATA treatment inhibits CSE stimulated activation and nuclear translocation of NF-ҡB/p65.ATA treatment diminishes CSE-induced oxidant injury, apoptosis, and emphysema-like phenotypic changes in the lungs.ATA inhibits lung inflammation via suppression of the NF-ҡB/p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Devi
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yatendra Singh
- Division of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Division of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Baisakhi Moharana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
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17
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Xiao Y, Li M, Guo X, Zeng H, Shuai X, Guo J, Huang Q, Chu Y, Zhou B, Wen J, Liu J, Jiao H. Inflammatory Mechanism of Brucella Infection in Placental Trophoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13417. [PMID: 36362199 PMCID: PMC9657658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic infectious disease caused by the infection of the Brucella, which is widespread and causes considerable economic losses in underdeveloped areas. Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacteria whose main target cells for infection are macrophages, placental trophoblast cells and dendritic cells. The main clinical signs of Brucella infection in livestock are reproductive disorders and abortion. At present, the pathogenesis of placentitis or abortion caused by Brucella in livestock is not fully understood, and further research on the effect of Brucella on placental development is still necessary. This review will mainly introduce the research progress of Brucella infection of placental trophoblast cells as well as the inflammatory response caused by it, explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of Brucella leading to reproductive system disorders and abortion, and also to provide the scientific basis for revealing the pathogenesis and infection mechanism of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuehong Shuai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingzhou Huang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hanwei Jiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- The Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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18
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Hu H, Tian M, Yin Y, Zuo D, Guan X, Ding C, Yu S. Brucella induces heme oxygenase-1 expression to promote its infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2697-2711. [PMID: 34918880 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic and contagious infectious disease caused by Brucella spp, which causes substantial economic losses to animal husbandry and leads to severe public health problems. Brucella have evolved multiple strategies to escape host immunity and survive within host cells. Elucidating the immune evasion strategies during Brucella infection will facilitate the control of brucellosis. The host enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), is a multifunctional protein that functions during inflammatory diseases and microbial infections. However, how HO-1 functions during Brucella infection is rarely studied. In this study, we evaluated the role of HO-1 during Brucella infection. We found that Brucella infection induced HO-1 expression in macrophages. We further showed that HO-1 was regulated by PI3K, AMPK kinase, and nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in macrophages. Interestingly, knocking out HO-1 or inhibiting the activity of HO-1 significantly decreased Brucella intracellular growth. Inducing the expression of HO-1 by treatment with CoPP promoted Brucella intracellular growth. Mechanistic analyses indicated that the effect of HO-1 was not meditated by HO-1 metabolites, but by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α, and IL-1β. Moreover, Brucella induced HO-1 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mice. When the expression of HO-1 was knocked down in BMDMs, the intracellular survival of Brucella was reduced. Furthermore, the induction of HO-1 by CoPP significantly increased bacterial loads in vivo. Thus, we demonstrated that Brucella induced HO-1 expression to promote its survival and growth in vitro and in vivo. This study also identified HO-1 as a novel innate immune evasion factor during Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zuo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Arunsi UO, Chioma OE, Etusim PE, Owumi SE. Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1148-1178. [PMID: 35708153 PMCID: PMC9335509 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease associated with locomotion impairment, and conventional therapeutic drugs are not optimal for managing RA. There is an avalanche of medications used for the management of RA. Still, studies have shown that they are associated with severe side effects, including hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, and cardiotoxicity disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), skin, blood, and infections. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is currently gaining attention as a novel panacea for managing debilitating diseases, such as RA. Nigerian folk herbal remedies are replete with a plethora of curative medicine, albeit unvalidated scientifically but with seemingly miraculous provenance. Studies of the identification of bioactive compounds present in these botanicals using advanced spectral analytical techniques have enhanced our understanding of the role of Nigerian herbal remedies in the treatment and management of RA. Interestingly, experimental studies abound that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of plant botanicals protected animals from the development of RA in different experimental models and reduced the toxicity associated with conventional therapeutics. Validated mechanisms of RA amelioration in human and animal models include suppression of the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, chemokines, TGF-β, RANKL, RANK, iNOS, arginase, COX-2, VEGFA, VEGFR, NFATC1, and TRAP in the synoviocytes. Decreased ROS, NO, MDA, carbonyl groups, and PGE2 in the synovial fluid increased the expression of PPARα/γ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules also improve RA etiology. In this mini-review, we discuss the global burden of RA, the novel role of plant-based botanicals as potential therapeutics against signaling pathways in RA. Also addressed is the possible repurposing/reprofiling of plant botanicals to increase their therapeutic index among RA patients that patronize traditional healers in Nigeria with a global projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, 440001, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuka E Chioma
- Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Paschal E Etusim
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 200, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria,Solomon Owumi.
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Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Reyes AWB, Kim H, Min W, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of Brucella abortus 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice. Pathogens 2022; 11:596. [PMID: 35631117 PMCID: PMC9143810 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) in the context of Brucella abortus (B. abortus) infection have not been evaluated so far. Firstly, we found that CoCl2 treatment inhibited the phagocytosis of B. abortus into RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of bacterial invasion was regulated by F-actin formation and associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and HIF-1α expression. Secondly, the activation of trafficking regulators LAMP1, LAMP2, and lysosomal enzyme GLA at the transcriptional level activated immune responses, weakening the B. abortus growth at 4 h post-infection (pi). The silencing of HIF-1α increased bacterial survival at 24 h pi. At the same time, CoCl2 treatment showed a significant increase in the transcripts of lysosomal enzyme HEXB and cytokine TNF-α and an attenuation of the bacterial survival. Moreover, the enhancement at the protein level of HIF-1α was induced in the CoCl2 treatment at both 4 and 24 h pi. Finally, our results demonstrated that CoCl2 administration induced the production of serum cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, which is accompanied by dampened Brucella proliferation in the spleen and liver of treated mice, and reduced the splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Altogether, CoCl2 treatment contributed to host resistance against B. abortus infection with immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran X. N. Huy
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam;
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Trang T. Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Alisha W. B. Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Heejin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hu J. Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
| | - John H. Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (T.T.N.); (H.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.L.)
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Host F-Box Protein 22 Enhances the Uptake of Brucella by Macrophages and Drives a Sustained Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines through Degradation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effector Proteins of Brucella. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0006022. [PMID: 35420446 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00060-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella species are intracellular bacterial pathogens, causing the worldwide zoonotic disease brucellosis. Brucella invades professional and nonprofessional phagocytic cells, followed by resisting intracellular killing and establishing a replication permissive niche. Brucella also modulates the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host for its chronic persistence. The complex intracellular cycle of Brucella depends in a major way on multiple host factors, but limited information is available on host and bacterial proteins that play an essential role in the invasion, intracellular replication, and modulation of host immune responses. By employing a small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening, we identified a role for the host protein FBXO22 in the Brucella-macrophage interaction. FBXO22 is the key element in the SCF E3 ubiquitination complex, where it determines the substrate specificity for ubiquitination and degradation of various host proteins. Downregulation of FBXO22 by siRNA or the CRISPR-Cas9 system resulted in diminished uptake of Brucella into macrophages, which was dependent on NF-κB-mediated regulation of phagocytic receptors. FBXO22 expression was upregulated in Brucella-infected macrophages, which resulted in induction of phagocytic receptors and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines through NF-κB. Furthermore, we found that FBXO22 recruits the effector proteins of Brucella, including the anti-inflammatory proteins TcpB and OMP25, for degradation through the SCF complex. We did not observe any role for another F-box-containing protein of the SCF complex, β-TrCP, in the Brucella-macrophage interaction. Our findings unravel novel functions of FBXO22 in host-pathogen interaction and its contribution to pathogenesis of infectious diseases.
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Nayek S, Lund AK, Verbeck GF. Inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles induces hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with altered renin-angiotensin system signaling, in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:457-467. [PMID: 34792841 PMCID: PMC8810614 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become increasingly popular in the biomedical field over the last few decades due to its proven antibacterial property. Previous scientific studies have reported that one of the major organs responsible for detoxification of AgNPs is the liver. The liver is also the primary organ responsible for secretion of angiotensinogen (AGT), a key signaling molecule involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output and vascular pressure. The aim of this study was to assess any potential changes in the RAS-associated gene signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular toxicity resulting from AgNP exposure. To do this, 6-week-old, male Wistar rats were exposed to a subacute inhalation exposure of AgNP (200 ppb/days over 4 h/days exposure, for 5 d) and their livers were analyzed for alterations in RAS components, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Real time qPCR analysis showed that AgNP-exposure resulted in a significant increase in hepatic AGT, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-1, and ACE-2 mRNA expression. Expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also upregulated with AgNP-exposure, compared to controls. Furthermore AgNP-exposure mediated a significant increase in hepatic expression of catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and oxidative stress, as assessed via 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine staining. Increased oxidative stress was associated with increased monocyte/macrophage-2 staining in the liver of AgNP-exposed rats. Such findings indicate that subacute inhalation exposure to AgNPs mediate increased hepatic RAS signaling, associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Amie K. Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Guido F. Verbeck, Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry St., Denton, TX, 76201,
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Khawaja H, Fazal N, Yaqub F, Ahmad MR, Hanif M, Yousaf MA, Latief N. Protective and proliferative effect of Aesculus indica extract on stressed human adipose stem cells via downregulation of NF-κB pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258762. [PMID: 34679084 PMCID: PMC8535185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory microenvironment after transplantation affects the proliferation and causes senescence of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) thus compromising their clinical efficacy. Priming stem cells with herbal extracts is considered very promising to improve their viability in the inflammatory milieu. Aesculus indica (A. indica) is used to treat many inflammatory diseases in Asia for decades. Herein, we explored the protective role of A. indica extract on human adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hADMSCs) against Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) induced stress in vitro. A. indica ameliorated the injury as depicted by significantly enhanced proliferation, viability, improved cell migration and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species release, senescent and apoptotic cells were detected in A. indica primed hADMSCs. Downregulation of NF-κB pathway and associated inflammatory genes, NF-κB p65/RelA and p50/NF-κB 1, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) were observed in A. indica primed hADMSCs as compared to stressed hADMSCs. Complementary to gene expression, A. indica priming reduced the release of transcription factor p65, inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and β, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins expression. Our data elucidates that A. indica extract preconditioning rescued hADMSCs against oxidative stress and improved their therapeutic potential by relieving inflammation through regulation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Khawaja
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Numan Fazal
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Yaqub
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rauf Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Hanif
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin Yousaf
- Department of Dermatology, Jinnah Burn & Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Latief
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
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Wang Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li H, Xie P, Wang Z. Omp31 of Brucella Inhibits NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway by Inducing Autophagy in BV-2 Microglia. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3264-3272. [PMID: 34536195 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurobrucellosis is a serious central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder caused by Brucella, and outer membrane protein-31 (Omp31) plays an important role in Brucella infection. This study aims to determine whether Omp31 can induce autophagy in BV-2 microglia. Another goal of the study is to further examine the effect of autophagy on the nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 signaling pathway. We observed that Omp31 stimulated autophagy by increasing microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B-II) levels and inducing autophagosome formation at 6 h and 12 h. Concomitantly, Omp31 induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in a time-dependent manner but reduced the expression of TNF-α at 6 h. We utilized Omp31 with or without rapamycin or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to treat BV-2 microglia, and it demonstrated further that Omp31 induced autophagy by promoting LC3B-II, Beclin-1 proteins expression and inhibiting the p62 protein levels. Furthermore, we explored the effects of autophagy on the NF-κB p65 pathway through western blot analysis, RT-qPCR assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence. The data suggest that Omp31 as well as rapamycin, the autophagy inducer, can decrease TNF-α levels through the inhibition of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Taken together, Omp31 can function as a catalyst in both autophagy induction and NF-κB p65 signal inhibition. Furthermore, Omp31-induced autophagy may inhibit the expression of TNF-α by negatively regulating NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanbai Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haining Li
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. .,Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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25
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Sharma P, Kaushik P, Jain S, Sharma BM, Awasthi R, Kulkarni GT, Sharma B. Efficacy of Ulinastatin and Sulforaphane Alone or in Combination in Rat Model of Streptozotocin Diabetes Induced Vascular Dementia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:470-489. [PMID: 34294616 PMCID: PMC8316668 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.3.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Vascular Dementia (VaD), is associated with metabolic conditions. Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of VaD. This study investigates the efficacy of ulinastatin (UTI) and sulforaphane (SUL) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and related dementia. Methods Single dose STZ (50 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to Albino Wistar rats (male, 200−250 g). Morris water maze and attentional set shifting tests were used to assess the spatial learning, memory, reversal learning, and executive functioning in animals. Body weight, serum glucose, serum nitrite/nitrate, vascular endothelial function, aortic superoxide anion, brains’ oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, and myeloperoxidase-MPO), acetylcholinesterase activity-AChE, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and histopathological changes were also assessed. UTI (10,000 U/kg) and SUL (25 mg/kg) were used alone as well as in combination, as the treatment drugs. Donepezil (0.5 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Results STZ-administered rats showed reduction in body weight, learning, memory, reversal learning, executive functioning, impairment in endothelial function, BBB permeability, increase in serum glucose, brains’ oxidative stress, inflammation, AChE-activity, BBB permeability and histopathological changes. Administration of UTI and SUL alone as well as in combination, significantly and dose dependently attenuated the STZ-diabetes-induced impairments in the behavioral, endothelial, and biochemical parameters. Conclusion STZ administration caused diabetes and VaD which was attenuated by the administration of UTI and SUL. Therefore, these agents may be studied further for the assessment of their full potential in diabetes induced VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Prachi Kaushik
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, BIT, Meerut, India
| | | | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.,CNS and CVS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India
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Cytokines Induced by Edwardsiella tarda: Profile and Role in Antibacterial Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081242. [PMID: 34439908 PMCID: PMC8391551 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a broad range of hosts, including fish and mammals. In the present study, we used an advanced antibody array technology to identify the expression pattern of cytokines induced by E. tarda in a mouse infection model. In total, 31 and 24 differentially expressed cytokines (DECs) were identified in the plasma at 6 h and 24 h post-infection (hpi), respectively. The DECs were markedly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with cell migration and response to chemokine and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with immunity, diseases, and infection. Ten key DECs, including IL6 and TNF-α, were found to form extensive protein-protein interaction networks. IL6 was demonstrated to inhibit E. tarda infection and be required for E. tarda-induced inflammatory response. TNF-α also exerted an inhibitory effect on E. tarda infection, and knockdown of fish (Japanese flounder) TNF-α promoted E. tarda invasion in host cells. Together, the results of this study revealed a comprehensive profile of cytokines induced by E. tarda, thus adding new insights into the role of cytokine-associated immunity against bacterial infection and also providing the potential plasma biomarkers of E. tarda infection for future studies.
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Khoobchandani M, Khan A, Katti KK, Thipe VC, Al-Yasiri AY, MohanDoss DKD, Nicholl MB, Lugão AB, Hans CP, Katti KV. Green nanotechnology of MGF-AuNPs for immunomodulatory intervention in prostate cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16797. [PMID: 34408231 PMCID: PMC8373987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) face poor prognosis and increased risk of treatment-incurred adverse effects resulting in one of the highest mortalities among patient population globally. Immune cells act as double-edged sword depending on the tumor microenvironment, which leads to increased infiltration of pro-tumor (M2) macrophages. Development of new immunomodulatory therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumor microenvironment, and hence orchestrating the transformation of pro-tumor M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1, would substantially improve treatment outcomes of CRPC patients. We report, herein, Mangiferin functionalized gold nanoparticulate agent (MGF-AuNPs) and its immunomodulatory characteristics in treating prostate cancer. We provide evidence of immunomodulatory intervention of MGF-AuNPs in prostate cancers through observations of enhanced levels of anti-tumor cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α) with concomitant reductions in the levels of pro-tumor cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6). In the MGF-AuNPs treated groups, IL-12 was elevated to ten-fold while TNF-α was elevated to about 50-fold, while IL-10 and IL-6 were reduced by two-fold. Ability of MGF-AuNPs to target splenic macrophages is invoked via targeting of NF-kB signaling pathway. Finally, therapeutic efficacy of MGF-AuNPs, in treating prostate cancer in vivo in tumor bearing mice, is described taking into consideration various immunomodulatory interventions triggered by this green nanotechnology-based nanomedicine agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menka Khoobchandani
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Aslam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kavita K Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Amal Y Al-Yasiri
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute (NSEI), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Darsha K D MohanDoss
- Dhanvantari Nano Ayushadi Pvt Ltd, No. 8/34, Neelakanta Mehta Street, T. Nagar, Chennai, 600017, India
| | | | - Ademar B Lugão
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Chetan P Hans
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Yu J, Li S, Wang L, Dong Z, Si L, Bao L, Wu L. Pathogenesis of Brucella epididymoorchitis-game of Brucella death. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:96-120. [PMID: 34214000 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1944055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. Human infection often results from direct contact with tissues from infected animals or by consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurised dairy products, causing serious economic losses and public health problems. The male genitourinary system is a common involved system in patients with brucellosis. Among them, unilateral orchitis and epididymitis are the most common. Although the clinical and imaging aspect of orchi-epididymitis caused by brucellosis have been widely described, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the damage and the immune response in testis and epididymis have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we first summarised the clinical characteristics of Brucella epididymo-orchitis and the composition of testicular and epididymal immune system. Secondly, with regard to the mechanism of Brucella epididymoorchitis, we mainly discussed the process of Brucella invading testis and epididymis in temporal and spatial order, including i) Brucella evades innate immune recognition of testicular PRRs;ii) Brucella overcomes the immune storm triggered by the invasion of testis through bacterial lipoproteins and virulence factors, and changes the secretion mode of cytokines; iii) Brucella breaks through the blood-testis barrier with the help of macrophages, and inflammatory cytokines promote the oxidative stress of Sertoli cells, damaging the integrity of BTB; iv) Brucella inhibits apoptosis of testicular phagocytes. Finally, we revealed the structure and sequence of testis invaded by Brucella at the tissue level. This review will enable us to better understand the pathogenesis of orchi-epididymitis caused by brucellosis and shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for the treatment of brucellosis and the prevention of transition to chronic form. Facing the testicle with immunity privilege, Brucella is like Bruce Lee in the movie Game of Death, winning is survival while losing is death.HIGHLIGHTSWe summarized the clinical features and pathological changes of Brucellaepididymoorchitis.Our research reveals the pathogenesis of Brucella epididymoorchitis, which mainly includes the subversion of testicular immune privilege by Brucella and a series of destructive reactions derived from it.As a basic framework and valuable resource, this study can promote the exploration of the pathogenesis of Brucella and provide reference for determining new therapeutic targets for brucellosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwang Yu
- Mongolian Medicine School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lengge Si
- Mongolian Medicine School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lidao Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Mongolian Medicine School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Yan X, Hu S, Yang Y, Xu D, Liu W, Li G, Cai W, Bu Z. Proteomics Investigation of the Time Course Responses of RAW264.7 Macrophages to Infections With the Wild-Type and Twin-Arginine Translocation Mutant Strains of Brucella melitensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679571. [PMID: 34195100 PMCID: PMC8238042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella, a notorious intracellular pathogen, causes chronic infections in many mammals, including humans. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane; protein substrates translocated by Brucella include ABC transporters, oxidoreductases, and cell envelope biosynthesis proteins. Previously, we showed that a Tat mutant of Brucella melitensis M28 exhibits reduced survival within murine macrophages. In this study, we compared the host responses elicited by wild-type M28 and its Tat-mutant strains ex vivo. We utilized label-free quantitative proteomics to assess proteomic changes in RAW264.7 macrophages after infection with M28 and its Tat mutants. A total of 6085 macrophage proteins were identified with high confidence, and 79, 50, and 99 proteins were differentially produced upon infection with the Tat mutant at 4, 24, and 48 hpi, respectively, relative to the wild-type infection. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that immune response-related proteins were enriched among the upregulated proteins. Compared to the wild-type M28 infection, the most upregulated proteins upon Tat-mutant infection included the cytosolic nucleic acid signaling pathway-related proteins IFIH1, DHX58, IFI202, IFI204, and ISG15 and the NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins PTGS2, CD40, and TRAF1, suggesting that the host increases the production of these proteins in response to Tat mutant infection. Upregulation of some proteins was further verified by a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. ELISA and qRT-PCR assays indicated that Tat mutant infection significantly induced proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) production. Finally, we showed that the Tat mutant displays higher sensitivity to nitrosative stress than the wild type and that treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA significantly increases the intracellular survival of the Tat mutant, indicating that NO production contributes to restricting Tat mutant survival within macrophages. Collectively, this work improves our understanding of host immune responses to Tat mutants and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuated virulence of Tat mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Da Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ganwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Wentong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Molagoda IMN, Jayasingha JACC, Choi YH, Jayasooriya RGPT, Kang CH, Kim GY. Fisetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by activating β-catenin, leading to a decrease in endotoxic shock. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8377. [PMID: 33863923 PMCID: PMC8052411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that possesses several pharmacological benefits including anti-inflammatory activity. However, its precise anti-inflammatory mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we found that fisetin significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, fisetin attenuated LPS-induced mortality and abnormalities in zebrafish larvae and normalized the heart rate. Fisetin decreased the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to the LPS-microinjected inflammatory site in zebrafish larvae, concomitant with a significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2a (COX-2a), IL-6, and TNF-α. Fisetin inhibited the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Further, fisetin inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) via phosphorylation at Ser9, and inhibited the degradation of β-catenin, which consequently promoted the localization of β-catenin into the nucleus. The pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin with FH535 reversed the fisetin-induced anti-inflammatory activity and restored NF-κB activity, which indicated that fisetin-mediated activation of β-catenin results in the inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activity. In LPS-microinjected zebrafish larvae, FH535 promoted the migration of macrophages to the yolk sac and decreased resident neutrophil counts in the posterior blood island and induced high expression of iNOS and COX-2a, which was accompanied by the inhibition of fisetin-induced anti-inflammatory activity. Altogether, the current study confirmed that the dietary flavonoid, fisetin, inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and endotoxic shock through crosstalk between GSK-3β/β-catenin and the NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Bioresources Industrialization Support Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Apaza Ticona L, Rumbero Sánchez Á, Sánchez Sánchez-Corral J, Iglesias Moreno P, Ortega Domenech M. Anti-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and antimicrobial potential of the compounds isolated from Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113668. [PMID: 33301918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Daemonorops draco (D. draco) commonly known as "Dragon's blood" is one of the most used plants by Momok, Anak Dalam and Talang Mamak tribes from Indonesia as a remedy for wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the extract, fractions and compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative activities of the D. draco resin. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity against two bacteria and one yeast species was analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bio-guided isolation of compounds with anti-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and antimicrobial activities from the D. draco resin was carried out by measuring: the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 in THP-1, HaCaT, NIH-3T3 cells; cell proliferation in NIH-3T3 and HaCaT cells; and the antimicrobial effect on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. RESULTS Guided isolation by bioassay gave rise to the isolation and characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of three compounds: 1 (Bexarotene), 2 (Taspine) and 3 (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone). All compounds showed NF-κB inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.10-0.13, 0.22-0.24 and 3.75-4.78 μM, respectively, while the positive control, Celastrol, had an IC50 of 7.96 μM. Likewise, all compounds showed an activating effect of Nrf2 with EC50 values of 5.34-5.43, 163.20-169.20 and 300.82-315.56 nM, respectively, while the positive control, CDDO-Me, had an EC50 of 0.11 nM. In addition, concerning the pro-proliferative activity, compound 1 (IC50 = 8.62-8.71 nM) showed a capacity of 100%, compound 2 (IC50 = 166-171 nM) showed a capacity of 75%, and compound 3 (IC50 = 469-486 nM) showed a capacity of 65%, while FSB 10% (positive control) had a pro-proliferative activity of 100% in the NIH3T3 cell lines (fibroblasts) and HaCaT (keratinocytes). Finally, all the compounds showed antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 0.12-0.16, 0.31-0.39 and 3.96-3.99 μM, respectively, in S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans strains, while the positive control, Ofloxacin, had a MIC of 27.65 μM. CONCLUSION This study managed to isolate, for the first time, three compounds (Bexarotene, Taspine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) from the resin of D. draco, with anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative as well as antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal S/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Á Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sánchez Sánchez-Corral
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Iglesias Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal S/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Reyes AWB, Vu SH, Min W, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Immunization With a Combination of Four Recombinant Brucella abortus Proteins Omp16, Omp19, Omp28, and L7/L12 Induces T Helper 1 Immune Response Against Virulent B. abortus 544 Infection in BALB/c Mice. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:577026. [PMID: 33553273 PMCID: PMC7854899 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective efficiency of a combination of four recombinant Brucella abortus (B. abortus) proteins, namely outer membrane protein (Omp) 16, Omp19, Omp28, and 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 was evaluated as a combined subunit vaccine (CSV) against B. abortus infection in RAW 264.7 cell line and murine model. The immunoreactivity of these four recombinant proteins as well as pCold-TF vector reacted with Brucella-positive serum individually, but not with Brucella-negative serum by immunoblotting assay. CSV-treated RAW 264.7 cells significantly induced production of IFN-γ and IL-12 while decreased IL-10 production at the late stage of infection compared to PBS-treated control cells. In addition, the enhancement of nitric oxide production together with cytokines secretion profile in CSV-treated cells proved that CSV notably activated bactericidal mechanisms in macrophages. Consistently, mice immunized with CSV strongly elicited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 compared to PBS control group. Moreover, the concentration of IFN-γ was >IL-10 and titers of IgG2a were also heightened compared to IgG1 in CSV-immunized mice which suggest that CSV induced predominantly T helper 1 T cell. These results suggest that the CSV used in the present study is a potential candidate as a preventive therapy against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Abstract
The human body has a perfect thermoregulatory system to meet the needs of normal life activities. The central regulation of body temperature is mainly explained by the theory of "setting point (setpoint, SP)". Fever is a positive but nonspecific response of the body to infections and other pyrogens, which causes immune cells to release cytokines, leading to a brain protein-mediated rise in body temperature. Cytokines can be roughly divided into 2 categories: proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 are anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-2 is a cytokine that can both activate and inhibit immunity. IL-8 is a neutrophil chemotactic factor, and IFN is a cytokine that plays a key role in the proper induction and maintenance of innate and acquired immunity. This article reviews the pathophysiological characteristics of fever and the cytokines related to fever (IL-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, IFN, TNF, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huichun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ailan Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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34
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Wang Y, Xi J, Wu P, Zhang H, Deng X, Wang Y, Ma Z, Yi J, Chen C. Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 affects the intracellular survival of Brucella abortus 2308 by regulating activation of the NF-κB pathway. Innate Immun 2020; 27:81-88. [PMID: 33241964 PMCID: PMC7780357 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920972171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative intracellular pathogens that cause animal and human diseases. Brucella survival and replication inside immune cells is critical for the establishment of chronic infections. Protein modifications by small ubiquitin-related modifier proteins and the NF-κB pathway are involved in many cellular activities, playing major roles in regulating protein function that is essential for pathogenic bacteria during infection. However, the relationship between them in the intracellular survival of Brucella is still largely unknown. We demonstrated that Brucella abortus 2308 infection can activate the expression of small ubiquitin-related modifier-2 proteins in a time-dependent manner. We found the production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and the transcription of NF-κB/p65 were promoted by overexpression and inhibited by interference of small ubiquitin-related modifier-2. In addition, we showed that small ubiquitin-related modifier-2 can inhibit intracellular survival of Brucella abortus 2308 by regulating activation of the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, this work shows that small ubiquitin-related modifier-2 modification of NF-κB2/p65 is essential for the survival of Brucella abortus 2308 inside macrophages. This work may help to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Jing Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Zhongchen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Jihai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China
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35
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Pierce CF, Brown VR, Olsen SC, Boggiatto P, Pedersen K, Miller RS, Speidel SE, Smyser TJ. Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine ( Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:554674. [PMID: 33324693 PMCID: PMC7724110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are a destructive invasive species widespread throughout the United States that disrupt ecosystems, damage crops, and carry pathogens of concern for the health of domestic stock and humans including Brucella suis-the causative organism for swine brucellosis. In domestic swine, brucellosis results in reproductive failure due to abortions and infertility. Contact with infected feral swine poses spillover risks to domestic pigs as well as humans, companion animals, wildlife, and other livestock. Genetic factors influence the outcome of infectious diseases; therefore, genome wide association studies (GWAS) of differential immune responses among feral swine can provide an understanding of disease dynamics and inform management to prevent the spillover of brucellosis from feral swine to domestic pigs. We sought to identify loci associated with differential antibody responses among feral swine naturally infected with B. suis using a case-control GWAS. Tissue, serum, and genotype data (68,516 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms) collected from 47 feral swine were analyzed in this study. The 47 feral swine were culture positive for Brucella spp. Of these 47, 16 were antibody positive (cases) whereas 31 were antibody negative (controls). Single-locus GWAS were performed using efficient mixed-model association eXpedited (EMMAX) methodology with three genetic models: additive, dominant, and recessive. Eight loci associated with seroconversion were identified on chromosome 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 18. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses revealed nine putative candidate genes related to immune function, most notably phagocytosis and induction of an inflammatory response. Identified loci and putative candidate genes may play an important role in host immune responses to B. suis infection, characterized by a detectable bacterial presence yet a differential antibody response. Given that antibody tests are used to evaluate brucellosis infection in domestic pigs and for disease surveillance in invasive feral swine, additional studies are needed to fully understand the genetic component of the response to B. suis infection and to more effectively translate estimates of Brucella spp. antibody prevalence among feral swine to disease control management action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney F Pierce
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vienna R Brown
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven C Olsen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kerri Pedersen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ryan S Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Scott E Speidel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Timothy J Smyser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Rastogi M, Singh SK. Japanese Encephalitis Virus exploits microRNA-155 to suppress the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in human microglial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194639. [PMID: 32987149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a single positive strand RNA virus, belongs to the Flaviviridae family. JEV is neurotropic in nature which accounts for 30-50% neurological, psychiatric sequelae and movement disorder, with 20-30% case fatality rate among children or elder population. JEV causes neuronal loss and microglial activation which leads to neuroinflammation. The microRNAs are the molecular switches, which regulate the gene expression post-transcriptionally. The microRNA-155 has been reported to be associated with CNS-related pathologies like, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the present study, we infected microglial cells with JEV, which resulted in the up-regulation of microRNA-155; quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene target prediction databases revealed pellino 1 as a putative gene target for microRNA-155. The over-expression based studies of microRNA-155 mimics, scrambles, inhibitors, and cy3 negative control demonstrated the role of PELI1 in the regulation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway via TRAF3. The luciferase assay showed the regulation of NF-κB promoter via microRNA-155 in JEV infected microglial cells. The suppression of NF-κB in JEV infected microglial cells led to the reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. JEV exploits cellular microRNA-155 to suppress the expression of PELI1 in human microglial cells as a part of their immune evasion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Rastogi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
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Hasenauer FC, Rossi UA, Caffaro ME, Raschia MA, Maurizio E, Poli MA, Rossetti CA. Association of TNF rs668920841 and INRA111 polymorphisms with caprine brucellosis: A case-control study of candidate genes involved in innate immunity. Genomics 2020; 112:3925-3932. [PMID: 32629097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Caprine brucellosis is an infectious, contagious zoonotic disease caused by Brucella melitensis. Multiple factors, including host genetics, can influence the outcome of the exposure to Brucella; and it is expected that genetic variants that affect the host innate immune response could have a key role in Brucella infection and pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated if polymorphisms in innate immunity-related genes are associated with results of Brucella infection in goats. Nine polymorphisms within interferon gamma (IFNG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), MyD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor (MYD88), interleukin 10 (IL10) and IL-10 receptor subunit alpha (IL10RA) genes and two molecular markers (BMS2753 and INRA111) were resolved by PCR-capillary electrophoresis in samples from 81 seronegative and 61 seropositive goats for brucellosis. A heterozygous genotype at INRA111, a microsatellite near the VRK serine/threonine kinase 2 (VRK2) gene, was associated with absence of Brucella-specific antibodies in goats naturally exposed to the pathogen (P = .004). Conversely, variants in the TNF gene (rs668920841) and near the IFN gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) gene (microsatellite BMS2753) were significantly associated with presence of Brucella-specific antibodies at allelic (P = .042 and P = .046) and genotypic level (P = .012 and P = .041, respectively). Moreover, an in silico analysis predicted a functional role of the insertion-deletion polymorphism rs668920841 on the transcriptional regulation of the caprine TNF gene. Altogether, these results contribute to the identification of genetic factors that have a putative effect on the resistance / susceptibility phenotype of goats to Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Hasenauer
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425 CABA, Argentina
| | - U A Rossi
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425 CABA, Argentina
| | - M E Caffaro
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Raschia
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Maurizio
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425 CABA, Argentina
| | - M A Poli
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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38
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Phelan JJ, McQuaid K, Kenny C, Gogan KM, Cox DJ, Basdeo SA, O’Leary S, Tazoll SC, Ó Maoldomhnaigh C, O’Sullivan MP, O’Neill LA, O’Sullivan MJ, Keane J. Desferrioxamine Supports Metabolic Function in Primary Human Macrophages Infected With Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:836. [PMID: 32477344 PMCID: PMC7237728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the single biggest infectious killer in the world and presents a major global health challenge. Antimicrobial therapy requires many months of multiple drugs and incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis continues to rise. Consequently, research is now focused on the development of therapies to support the function of infected immune cells. HIF1α-mediated induction of aerobic glycolysis is integral to the host macrophage response during infection with Mtb, as this promotes bacillary clearance. Some iron chelators have been shown to modulate cellular metabolism through the regulation of HIF1α. We examined if the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFX), could support the function of primary human macrophages infected with Mtb. Using RT-PCR, we found that DFX promoted the expression of key glycolytic enzymes in Mtb-infected primary human MDMs and human alveolar macrophages. Using Seahorse technology, we demonstrate that DFX enhances glycolytic metabolism in Mtb-stimulated human MDMs, while helping to enhance glycolysis during mitochondrial distress. Furthermore, the effect of DFX on glycolysis was not limited to Mtb infection as DFX also boosted glycolytic metabolism in uninfected and LPS-stimulated cells. DFX also supports innate immune function by inducing IL1β production in human macrophages during early infection with Mtb and upon stimulation with LPS. Moreover, using hypoxia, Western blot and ChIP-qPCR analyses, we show that DFX modulates IL1β levels in these cells in a HIF1α-mediated manner. Collectively, our data suggests that DFX exhibits potential to enhance immunometabolic responses and augment host immune function during early Mtb infection, in selected clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Joseph Phelan
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate McQuaid
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Kenny
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl Michael Gogan
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dónal J. Cox
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharee Ann Basdeo
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seónadh O’Leary
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Christa Tazoll
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cilian Ó Maoldomhnaigh
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary P. O’Sullivan
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A. O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maureen J. O’Sullivan
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Reyes AWB, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Vu SH, Min W, Hur J, Kim S. β-Sitosterol Contributes in the Resistance to Invasion and Survival of Brucella abortus 544 within RAW264.7 Cells, and Cytokine Production with Reduced Susceptibility to Infection in BALB/c Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:482-489. [PMID: 31893609 PMCID: PMC9728205 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified β-sitosterol (BS) as one of the most abundant compounds found in Korean red ginseng oil. BS is a widely prevalent vegetable-derived phytosterol with many known health benefits. Here, we investigated the efficacy of BS against Brucella (B.) abortus infection. BS showed no effect on bacterial growth but attenuated internalization, intracellular survival and MAPKs-linked intracellular signaling in RAW264.7 cells. BS treatment in cells is also associated with increased nitrite concentration during infection at 24 h. Slightly enhanced resistance to B. abortus infection was observed in mice orally given BS, which could be mediated by induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our study demonstrates the contribution of BS treatment against B. abortus infection although further investigation is encouraged to maximize its beneficial effects against intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-55-772-2359 Fax: +82-55-772-2349 E-mail:
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40
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Huy TXN, Bernardo Reyes AW, Vu SH, Arayan LT, Hop HT, Min W, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim S. Immunogenicity and protective response induced by recombinant Brucella abortus proteins Adk, SecB and combination of these two recombinant proteins against a virulent strain B. abortus 544 infection in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104137. [PMID: 32169487 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two recombinant proteins encoded by Brucella abortus genes Adk and SecB were evaluated as single subunit vaccine (SSV) as well as combined subunit vaccine (CSV) against B. abortus infection in BALB/c mice. These genes were cloned into pcold-TF expression system and recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. The immunoreactivity of purified rAdk and rSecB was analyzed by immunoblotting showing that purified rAdk and rSecB as well as pcold-TF vector strongly reacted with Brucella-positive serum. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with SSVs, CSV, pcold-TF, RB51 and PBS. The analysis of cytokine revealed that SSVs and CSV can strongly induce production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, suggesting that these subunit vaccines elicited innate immune response, particularly, activated antimicrobial mechanism of macrophages to limit the initial infection. On the other hand, immunization with SSVs and CSV elicited strong IFN-γ production and decreased IL-10 production compared to PBS group. The secretion profiles of IFN-γ and IL-10 together with an enhancement of blood CD4+ population and significantly induced specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies indicated that SSVs and CSV induced not only humoral immunity but also T helper 1 T cell immunity. Finally, spleen proliferation and bacterial burden in the spleen of mice vaccinated with these subunit vaccines were significantly lower than those of PBS group, which conferred significant protection against B. abortus infection. Altogether, the potential of these antigens of B. abortus could be prospective candidates to develop subunit vaccines against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Tan Hop
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Barbuddhe SB, Vergis J, Rawool DB. Immunodetection of bacteria causing brucellosis. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Guo C, He Y, Gai L, Qu J, Shi Y, Xu W, Cai Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Yuan C. Balanophora polyandra Griff. prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis via the regulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Food Funct 2020; 11:6104-6114. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Balanophora polyandra Griff. (B. polyandra) is a folk medicine used as an antipyretic, antidote, haemostatic, dressing and haematic tonic, for the treatment of gonorrhea, syphilis, wounds, and the bleeding of the alimentary tract by the local people in China.
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43
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Shi Q, Zhao L, Zhang L. Astragalus polysaccharide strengthens the inflammatory and immune responses of Brucella suis S2-infected mice and macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4295-4302. [PMID: 31777537 PMCID: PMC6862205 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella infection is one of the most serious zoonoses worldwide, affecting humans and domestic and wild animals. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is extracted from astragalus, which exhibits bioactive properties, including immunomodulation and anti-tumour and antiviral activity. The present study revealed that APS treatment promoted macrophage activation, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 and interferon-γ, and Brucella clearance in murine macrophages and spleens. APS treatment was also demonstrated to protect the integrity of macrophages during infection with live attenuated Brucella suis strain 2 (B. suis S2). The results from in vitro experiments were consistent with the findings from the in vivo study, showing the elevated secretion of TNF-α and nitric oxide in APS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages following B. suis S2 infection. The current study demonstrated the potential of APS in the control and treatment of Brucella infection, and the enhancement of host inflammatory and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Leifang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, P.R. China
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Interleukin 6 Promotes Brucella abortus Clearance by Controlling Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages and CD8 + T Cell Differentiation. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00431-19. [PMID: 31451617 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00431-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the implications of interleukin 6 (IL-6) for immune responses in the context of Brucella infection are still unknown. In the present study, we found that Brucella abortus infection induced marked production of IL-6 in mice that was important for sufficient differentiation of CD8+ T cells, a key factor in Brucella clearance. Blocking IL-6 signaling also significantly induced serum IL-4 and IL-10, together with a decreased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) level, suggesting that IL-6 is essential for priming the T-helper (Th) 1 cell immune response during Brucella infection. The IL-6 pathway also activated the bactericidal activity of primary and cultured macrophages. Bacterial killing was markedly abrogated when IL-6 signaling was suppressed, and this phenomenon was mainly associated with decreased activity of lysosome-mediated killing. Interestingly, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was important for regulating the IL-6-dependent anti-Brucella activity through the JAK/STAT pathway. During early infection, in the absence of SOCS3, IL-6 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and lysosome-mediated killing inhibition; however, the increase in SOCS3 successfully shifted functional IL-6 toward proinflammatory brucellacidal activity in the late stage. Our data clearly indicate that IL-6 contributes to host resistance against B. abortus infection by controlling brucellacidal activity in macrophages and priming cellular immune responses.
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45
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Th1, Th17, and Treg Responses are Differently Modulated by TNF-α Inhibitors and Methotrexate in Psoriasis Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7526. [PMID: 31101850 PMCID: PMC6525159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated, hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disease. The role of the adaptive immune system, particularly of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, has been regarded as prominent in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, as well as decreased Tregs function. Immunobiological drugs were administered in therapeutic pulses and a few studies evaluate their effects on the immune repertoire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptive immune profile of patients with severe psoriasis under immunobiological treatment in two time points. Thirty-two psoriasis patients and 10 control patients were evaluated. In the group of psoriasis patients, 10 patients were on anti-TNF and 14 patients on methotrexate treatment, while 8 individuals were not treated. IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-10 were analyzed. CD4 T cell intracellular cytokines were analyzed. It was observed that stimulation could significantly increase the production of IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 only before anti-TNF pulse therapy. The activation of Th1 and Treg cells after stimulation was significantly higher before anti-TNF pulse. Patients on methotrexate or anti-TNF therapy produced significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6. Furthermore, these patients showed a significant decrease in the activated CD4+ T cells. The treatment with immunomodulator or methotrexate modulates the activation of CD4+ T cells, and anti-TNF treatment appears to have a modulating effect on the activation and production of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells.
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46
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Hop HT, Reyes AWB, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Vu SH, Min W, Lee HJ, Kang CK, Rhee MH, Kim S. Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) restricts Brucella abortus 544 survival through promoting lysosomal-mediated killing and NO production in macrophages. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:128-136. [PMID: 31030836 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines, particularly IL-1α and IL-1β, are potent regulators of innate immunity that play key roles in host defense against infection, hence we evaluated the role of these cytokines in the control of brucellosis within RAW 264.7 cells. Marked expression and secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β were observed during Brucella infection in macrophages. Blocking of IL-1α and IL-1β reduced induction of IL-10, IL-1β and TNF, and IL-6 and TNF, respectively. However, interference of IL-1α and not IL-1β signaling notably augmented susceptibility of macrophages to Brucella infection which indicates that IL-1α is required for a downstream signaling cascade of innate immunity for efficient clearance of Brucella. This protection requires binding to interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) mediated by myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling and associated with increased lysosomal-mediated killing and nitric oxide (NO) production. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed to be mediated via NF-κB-p50, HIF-1α and CEBPA, but negatively controlled by CEBPB while transcription of some important phagolysosomal genes was regulated via CEBPA and c-Jun which indicates the important role of these transcription factors in the control of Brucella infection in macrophages via IL-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Keun Kang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Hop HT, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Reyes AWB, Vu SH, Min W, Lee HJ, Rhee MH, Chang HH, Kim S. The Key Role of c-Fos for Immune Regulation and Bacterial Dissemination in Brucella Infected Macrophage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:287. [PMID: 30186773 PMCID: PMC6110913 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular oncogene c-Fos (c-Fos) is a component of activator protein 1 (AP1), a master transcriptional regulator of cells. The suppression of c-Fos signaling by siRNA treatment resulted in significant induction of TLR4, which subsequently activates p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and enhances F-actin polymerization, leading to an increase in B. abortus phagocytosis. During B. abortus infection, c-Fos signaling is induced, which activates the downstream innate-immunity signaling cascade for bacterial clearance. The inhibition of c-Fos signaling led to increased production of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which partially suppressed lysosome-mediated killing, resulting in increased survival of B. abortus inside macrophages. We present evidence of the regulatory role played by the c-Fos pathway in proliferation during B. abortus infection; however, this was independent of the anti-Brucella effect of this pathway. Another finding is the essential contribution of c-Fos/TRAIL to infected-cell necrosis, which is a key event in bacterial dissemination. These data provide the mechanism via which c-Fos participates in host defense mechanisms against Brucella infection and in bacterial dissemination by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh T Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Lauren T Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tran X N Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Alisha W B Reyes
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Son H Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hu J Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Man H Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hong H Chang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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48
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Hop HT, Reyes AWB, Huy TXN, Arayan LT, Min W, Lee HJ, Rhee MH, Chang HH, Kim S. Interleukin 10 suppresses lysosome-mediated killing of Brucella abortus in cultured macrophages. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3134-3144. [PMID: 29301939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative zoonotic pathogen for which there is no 100% effective vaccine. Phagosomes in B. abortus-infected cells fail to mature, allowing the pathogen to survive and proliferate. Interleukin 10 (IL10) promotes B. abortus persistence in macrophages by mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of IL10 in the immune response to B. abortus infection. B. abortus-infected macrophages were treated with either IL10 siRNA or recombinant IL10 (rIL10), and the expression of phagolysosome- or inflammation-related genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Phagolysosome fusion was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. We found that the synthesis of several membrane-trafficking regulators and lysosomal enzymes was suppressed by IL10 during infection, resulting in a significant increase in the recruitment of hydrolytic enzymes by Brucella-containing phagosomes (BCPs) when IL10 signaling was blocked. Moreover, blocking IL10 signaling also enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. Finally, concomitant treatment with STAT3 siRNA significantly reduced the suppression of proinflammatory brucellacidal activity but not phagolysosome fusion by rIL10. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that clearly indicates the suppressive role of IL10 on phagolysosome fusion and inflammation in response to B. abortus infection through two distinct mechanisms, STAT3-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively, in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- From the Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | | | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- From the Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | | | - WonGi Min
- From the Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- From the Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hee Chang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea and
| | - Suk Kim
- From the Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and .,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea and
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49
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Hop HT, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Reyes AWB, Baek EJ, Min W, Lee HJ, Rhee MH, Watanabe K, Chang HH, Kim S. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) interferes with iron uptake by Brucella abortus and dampens immunoregulation during infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2017; 20. [PMID: 29168343 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an important innate immunity component against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we report that Lcn2 is induced by Brucella (B.) abortus infection and significantly contributes to the restriction of intracellular survival of Brucella in macrophages. We found that Lcn2 prevented iron uptake by B. abortus through two distinct mechanisms. First, Lcn2 is secreted to capture bacterial siderophore(s) and abrogate iron import by Brucella. Second, Lcn2 decreases the intracellular iron levels during Brucella infection, which probably deprives the invading Brucella of the iron source needed for growth. Suppression of Lcn2 signalling resulted in a marked induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, which was shown to play a major role in Lcn2-induced antibrucella immunity. Similarly, interleukin 6 was also found to be increased when Lcn2 signalling is abrogated; however, this induction was thought to be an alternative pathway that rescues the cell from infection when the effective Lnc2 pathway is repressed. Furthermore, Lcn2 deficiency also caused a marked decrease in brucellacidal effectors, such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide but not the phagolysosome fusion. Taken together, our results indicate that Lcn2 is required for the efficient restriction of intracellular B. abortus growth that is through limiting iron acquisition and shifting cells to pro-inflammatory brucellacidal activity in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun Jin Baek
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hong Hee Chang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hop HT, Arayan LT, Reyes AWB, Huy TXN, Min W, Lee HJ, Son JS, Kim S. Simultaneous RNA-seq based transcriptional profiling of intracellular Brucella abortus and B. abortus-infected murine macrophages. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:57-67. [PMID: 29054743 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brucella is a zoonotic pathogen that survives within macrophages; however the replicative mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We describe the isolation of sufficient Brucella abortus RNA from primary host cell environment using modified reported methods for RNA-seq analysis, and simultaneously characterize the transcriptional profiles of intracellular B. abortus and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from BALB/c mice at 24 h (replicative phase) post-infection. Our results revealed that 25.12% (801/3190) and 16.16% (515/3190) of the total B. abortus genes were up-regulated and down-regulated at >2-fold, respectively as compared to the free-living B. abortus. Among >5-fold differentially expressed genes, the up-regulated genes are mostly involved in DNA, RNA manipulations as well as protein biosynthesis and secretion while the down-regulated genes are mainly involved in energy production and metabolism. On the other hand, the host responses during B. abortus infection revealed that 14.01% (6071/43,346) of BMM genes were reproducibly transcribed at >5-fold during infection. Transcription of cytokines, chemokines and transcriptional factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), interleukin-1α (Il1α), interleukin-1β (Il1β), interleukin-6 (Il6), interleukin-12 (Il12), chemokine C-X-C motif (CXCL) family, nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κb), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), that may contribute to host defense were markedly induced while transcription of various genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism were suppressed upon B. abortus infection. In conclusion, these data suggest that Brucella modulates gene expression in hostile intracellular environment while simultaneously alters the host pathways that may lead to the pathogen's intracellular survival and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Tan Hop
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Soo Son
- iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc., Room 903, JungAng Induspia, 137, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13202, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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