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Palmisano M, Ramunno CF, Farhat E, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Lutz B, de Almodovar CR, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Local cannabinoid receptor type-1 regulates glial cell activity and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Mech Ageing Dev 2024:111954. [PMID: 38821184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
As organisms age, the activity of the endocannabinoid system in the brain declines, coinciding with increased neuroinflammation and disrupted hypothalamic functions. Notably, cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors are highly expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus within the mediobasal hypothalamus, a central area of neuroendocrine regulation. This study investigates whether the CB1 receptor influences age-related changes in a brain region-dependent manner. Therefore, we performed stereotaxic injections of rAAV1/2 expressing Cre recombinase in 2-month-old CB1flox/flox male animals to delete the CB1 gene and in CB1-deficient (CB1-STOP) mice to induce its re-expression. The intensity of pro-inflammatory glial activity, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression was assessed in the hypothalamus of mice at 18-19 months of age. Site-specific CB1 receptor deletion induced pro-inflammatory glial activity and increased hypothalamic Igf1r mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, GnRH levels remained unaltered. Importantly, rescue of the receptor in null mutant animals had the opposite effect: it reduced pro-inflammatory glial activation and decreased Igf1r mRNA expression without affecting GnRH production. Overall, the study highlights the important role of the CB1 receptor in the VMH in reducing age-related inflammation and modulating IGF-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmisano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Clinics of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carla Florencia Ramunno
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University Clinics of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eli Farhat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 12272 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 12272 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University Clinics of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Clinics of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany.
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Ilek A, Gąsecka M, Magdziak Z, Saitanis C, Siegert CM. Seasonality Affects Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids and Phenolic Compounds' Composition in Scots Pine Litterfall. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1293. [PMID: 38794363 PMCID: PMC11125096 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Secondary plant metabolites, including organic acids and phenolic compounds, have a significant impact on the properties of organic matter in soil, influencing its structure and function. How the production of these compounds in foliage that falls to the forest floor as litterfall varies across tree age and seasonality are of considerable interest for advancing our understanding of organic matter dynamics. METHODS Monthly, we collected fallen needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) across stands of five different age classes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 years) for one year and measured the organic acids and phenolic compounds. RESULTS Seven low-molecular-weight organic acids and thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in the litterfall. No differences were observed across stand age. Significant seasonal differences were detected. Most compounds peaked during litterfall in the growing season. Succinic acid was the most prevalent organic acid in the litterfall, comprising 78% of total organic acids (351.27 ± 34.27 µg g- 1), and was 1.5 to 11.0 times greater in the summer than all other seasons. Sinapic acid was the most prevalent phenolic compound in the litterfall (42.15 µg g- 1), representing 11% of the total phenolic compounds, and was 39.8 times greater in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Growing season peaks in needle concentrations were observed for all thirteen phenolic compounds and two organic acids (lactic, succinic). Citric acid exhibited a definitive peak in late winter into early spring. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the seasonal dynamics of the composition of secondary plant metabolites in litterfall, which is most different at the onset of the growing season. Fresh inputs of litterfall at this time of emerging biological activity likely have seasonal impacts on soil's organic matter composition as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ilek
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zuzanna Magdziak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Courtney M. Siegert
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
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Lutfy RH, Salam SA, Mohammed HS, Shakweer MM, Essawy AE. Photomodulatory effects in the hypothalamus of sleep-deprived young and aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114731. [PMID: 37898350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. In this study, alterations in the hypothalamus of REM sleep-deprived (SD) young and aged rats, and the modulatory effect of near-infrared (NIR) laser were investigated. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (24 young at 2 months and 24 senile at 14 months) were divided into three groups: the control, the SD group subjected to 72 hr of sleep deprivation, and the transcranial-NIR laser-treated (TLT) group subjected to SD for 72 hr and irradiated with 830 nm laser. The hypothalamic levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), apoptotic markers (BAX, BCL-2), and neuronal survival-associated genes (BDNF, GLP-1) were evaluated. Furthermore, the hypothalamic tissue alterations were analyzed via histological examination. The results revealed that TLT treatment has enhanced the antioxidant status, prevented oxidative insults, suppressed neuroinflammation, regulated CCO activity, reduced apoptotic markers, and tuned the survival genes (BDNF & GLP-1) in hypothalamic tissue of SD young and aged rats. Microscopically, TLT treatment has ameliorated the SD-induced alterations and restored the normal histological features of hypothalamus tissue. Moreover, the obtained data showed that SD and NIR laser therapy are age-dependent. Altogether, our findings emphasize the age-dependent adverse effects of SD on the hypothalamus and suggest the use of low-laser NIR radiation as a potential non-invasive and therapeutic approach against SD-induced adverse effects in young and aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H Lutfy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Shakweer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Zheng CY, Yu YX, Cao SY, Bai X. Epigenetics of inflammation in hypothalamus pituitary gonadal and neuroendocrine disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:340-345. [PMID: 37142487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hormone producing hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal are arranged in hierarchy to form the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). The axis is neuroendocrine in nature and releases hormones in response to the inputs from nervous systems. The axis maintains homeostasis and ensures smooth body functions, particularly those related to growth and reproduction. A deregulated HPG axis, such as observed under inflammation and other conditions, is therefore associated with several disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea etc. Several factors, both genetic as well as environmental, in addition to aging, obesity etc. affect HPG axis with resulting effects on puberty, sexual maturation and reproductive health. More research is now indicative of a role of epigenetics in mediating these HPG-affecting factors. Hypothalamus-secreted gonadotropin-releasing hormone is important for eventual release of sex hormones and it is subjected to several neuronal and epigenetic regulations. Gene promoter methylation as well as histone methylations and acetylations form the backbone of epigenetic regulation of HPG-axis, as the incoming reports suggest. Epigenetic events also mediate several feedback mechanisms within HPG axis and between HPG axis and the central nervous system. In addition, data is emerging for a role of non-coding RNAs, particularly the miRNAs, in regulation and normal functioning of HPG axis. Thus, the epigenetic interactions need better understanding to understand the functioning and regulation of HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zheng
- Embryo Laboratory, Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang, No. 83, Zhongshan Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue-Xin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Yue Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Semadhi MP, Muliaty D, Halimah E, Levita J. Correlation between the Cognitive Status (SIRT1) and the Metabolic Function in Geriatric Patients Using the Indonesian Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA). Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:119. [PMID: 38132490 PMCID: PMC10742712 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing life expectancy may result in a chronic medical condition and multimorbidity because the aging process leads to a decrease in cognitive and physiological function. These risks may affect the quality of life of geriatrics. The present study aims to determine the correlation between cognitive status (in terms of SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III deacetylase) and metabolic function (in terms of the lipid profile, kidney function, and blood glucose) in geriatric patients. The differences in the parameters of metabolic function in the participants' cognitive status were determined by using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA-Ina). The elderly participants (n = 120) were recruited at three sites in Indonesia from March to October 2022. Our study demonstrated a negative correlation between the cognitive status of geriatric patients and their metabolic function, represented by the MoCA-Ina score with a linear regression equation of y = 0.27 - 2.4 ×10-3x. Higher levels of LDL-C, cystatin C, and HbA1c were found in the Severe-Moderate Cognitive Impairment group. Determining the SIRT1 levels may be beneficial in predicting both the cognitive and metabolic status of geriatrics because this protein is among numerous metabolic sensors in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Putra Semadhi
- Prodia National Reference Laboratory, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
- Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Muliaty
- Prodia Widyahusada Tbk., Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
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Spindler M, Palombo M, Zhang H, Thiel CM. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and its influence on aging: the role of the hypothalamus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6866. [PMID: 37105986 PMCID: PMC10140145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamus exerts pivotal influence on metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. With age, these processes are subject to considerable change, resulting in increased prevalence of physical disability and cardiac disorders. Yet, research on the aging human hypothalamus is lacking. To assess detailed hypothalamic microstructure in middle adulthood, 39 healthy participants (35-65 years) underwent comprehensive structural magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, we studied HPA axis dysfunction proxied by hair cortisol and waist circumference as potential risk factors for hypothalamic alterations. We provide first evidence of regionally different hypothalamic microstructure, with age effects in its anterior-superior subunit, a critical area for HPA axis regulation. Further, we report that waist circumference was related to increased free water and decreased iron content in this region. In age, hair cortisol was additionally associated with free water content, such that older participants with higher cortisol levels were more vulnerable to free water content increase than younger participants. Overall, our results suggest no general age-related decline in hypothalamic microstructure. Instead, older individuals could be more susceptible to risk factors of hypothalamic decline especially in the anterior-superior subregion, including HPA axis dysfunction, indicating the importance of endocrine and stress management in age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spindler
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Palombo
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology & School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Christiane M Thiel
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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Long-term variability in physiological measures in relation to mortality and epigenetic aging: prospective studies in the USA and China. BMC Med 2023; 21:20. [PMID: 36647101 PMCID: PMC9843964 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visit-to-visit body weight variability (BWV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and blood pressure variability (BPV) have been respectively linked to multiple health outcomes. The associations of the combination of long-term variability in physiological measures with mortality and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) remain largely unknown. METHODS We constructed a composite score of physiological variability (0-3) of large variability in BWV, PRV, and BPV (the top tertiles) in 2006/2008-2014/2016 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 2011-2015 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All-cause mortality was documented through 2018. EAA was calculated using thirteen DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks among 1047 participants in a substudy of the HRS. We assessed the relation of the composite score to the risk of mortality among 6566 participants in the HRS and 6906 participants in the CHARLS by Cox proportional models and then investigated its association with EAA using linear regression models. RESULTS A higher score of variability was associated with higher mortality risk in both cohorts (pooled hazard ratio [HR] per one-point increment, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18, 1.39; P-heterogeneity = 0.344), after adjustment for multiple confounders and baseline physiological measures. Specifically, each SD increment in BWV, PRV, and BPV was related to 21% (95% CI: 15%, 28%), 6% (0%, 13%), and 12% (4%, 19%) higher hazard of mortality, respectively. The composite score was significantly related to EAA in second-generation clocks trained on health outcomes (e.g., standardized coefficient = 0.126 in the Levine clock, 95% CI: 0.055, 0.196) but not in most first-generation clocks trained on chronological age. CONCLUSIONS Larger variability in physiological measures was associated with a higher risk of mortality and faster EAA.
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M. Heshmati H. Comparative Senescence and Lifespan. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The word senescence is derived from the Latin word “senex” (meaning old). In biology, senescence is a process by which a cell ages and permanently stops dividing. Senescence is a natural universal phenomenon affecting all living organisms (e.g., humans, animals, and plants). It is the process of growing old (aging). The underlying mechanisms of senescence and aging at the cellular level are not fully understood. Senescence is a multifactorial process that can be induced by several stimuli including cellular stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and oncogene activation. The most popular theory to explain aging is the free radical theory. Senescence plays a role in the development of several age-related chronic diseases in humans (e.g., ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer). Lifespan is a biological characteristic of every species. The lifespan of living organisms ranges from few hours (with mayfly) to potential eternity (with jellyfish and hydra). The maximum theoretical lifespan in humans is around 120 years. The lifespan in humans is influenced by multiple factors including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, environmental, metabolic, and endocrine factors. There are several ways to potentially extend the lifespan of humans and eventually surpass the maximum theoretical lifespan of 120 years. The tools that can be proposed include lifestyle, reduction of several life-threatening diseases and disabilities, hormonal replacement, antioxidants, autophagy inducers, senolytic drugs, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy.
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Kolling LJ, Tatti R, Lowry T, Loeven AM, Fadool JM, Fadool DA. Modulating the Excitability of Olfactory Output Neurons Affects Whole-Body Metabolism. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5966-5990. [PMID: 35710623 PMCID: PMC9337614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0190-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic state can alter olfactory sensitivity, but it is unknown whether the activity of the olfactory bulb (OB) may fine tune metabolic homeostasis. Our objective was to use CRISPR gene editing in male and female mice to enhance the excitability of mitral/tufted projection neurons (M/TCs) of the OB to test for improved metabolic health. Ex vivo slice recordings of MCs in CRISPR mice confirmed increased excitability due the targeted loss of Kv1.3 channels, which resulted in a less negative resting membrane potential (RMP), enhanced action potential (AP) firing, and insensitivity to the selective channel blocker margatoxin (MgTx). CRISPR mice exhibited enhanced odor discrimination using a habituation/dishabituation paradigm. CRISPR mice were challenged for 25 weeks with a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet, and compared with littermate controls, male mice were resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Female mice did not exhibit DIO. CRISPR male mice gained less body weight, accumulated less white adipose tissue, cleared a glucose challenge more quickly, and had less serum leptin and liver triglycerides. CRISPR male mice consumed equivalent calories as control littermates, and had unaltered energy expenditure (EE) and locomotor activity, but used more fats for metabolic substrate over that of carbohydrates. Counter to CRISPR-engineered mice, by using chemogenetics to decrease M/TC excitability in male mice, activation of inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) caused a decrease in odor discrimination, and resulted in a metabolic profile that was obesogenic, mice had reduced EE and oxygen consumption (VO2). We conclude that the activity of M/TC projection neurons canonically carries olfactory information and simultaneously can regulate whole-body metabolism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The olfactory system drives food choice, and olfactory sensitivity is strongly correlated to hunger and fullness. Olfactory function thereby influences nutritional balance and obesity outcomes. Obesity has become a health and financial crisis in America, shortening life expectancy and increasing the severity of associated illnesses. It is expected that 51% of Americans will be obese by the year 2030. Using CRISPR gene editing and chemogenetic approaches, we discovered that changing the excitability of output neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) affects metabolism and body weight stabilization in mice. Our results suggest that long-term therapeutic targeting of OB activity to higher processing centers may be a future clinical treatment of obesity or type II Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis John Kolling
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Roberta Tatti
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Troy Lowry
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Ashley M Loeven
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - James M Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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The Succinate Receptor SUCNR1 Resides at the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Relocates to the Plasma Membrane in Hypoxic Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142185. [PMID: 35883628 PMCID: PMC9321536 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The GPCR SUCNR1/GPR91 exerts proangiogenesis upon stimulation with the Krebs cycle metabolite succinate. GPCR signaling depends on the surrounding environment and intracellular localization through location bias. Here, we show by microscopy and by cell fractionation that in neurons, SUCNR1 resides at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while being fully functional, as shown by calcium release and the induction of the expression of the proangiogenic gene for VEGFA. ER localization was found to depend upon N-glycosylation, particularly at position N8; the nonglycosylated mutant receptor localizes at the plasma membrane shuttled by RAB11. This SUCNR1 glycosylation is physiologically regulated, so that during hypoxic conditions, SUCNR1 is deglycosylated and relocates to the plasma membrane. Downstream signal transduction of SUCNR1 was found to activate the prostaglandin synthesis pathway through direct interaction with COX-2 at the ER; pharmacologic antagonism of the PGE2 EP4 receptor (localized at the nucleus) was found to prevent VEGFA expression. Concordantly, restoring the expression of SUCNR1 in the retina of SUCNR1-null mice renormalized vascularization; this effect is markedly diminished after transfection of the plasma membrane-localized SUCNR1 N8A mutant, emphasizing that ER localization of the succinate receptor is necessary for proper vascularization. These findings uncover an unprecedented physiologic process where GPCR resides at the ER for signaling function.
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Zhou Q, Kerbl-Knapp J, Zhang F, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Akhmetshina A, Hörl G, Paar M, Steyrer E, Kratky D, Madl T. Metabolomic Profiles of Mouse Tissues Reveal an Interplay between Aging and Energy Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 35050139 PMCID: PMC8779655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism, including alterations in energy intake and expenditure, is closely related to aging and longevity. Metabolomics studies have recently unraveled changes in metabolite composition in plasma and tissues during aging and have provided critical information to elucidate the molecular basis of the aging process. However, the metabolic changes in tissues responsible for food intake and lipid storage have remained unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate aging-related metabolic alterations in these tissues. To fill this gap, we employed NMR-based metabolomics in several tissues, including different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and brown/white adipose tissues (BAT, WAT), of young (9-10 weeks) and old (96-104 weeks) wild-type (mixed genetic background of 129/J and C57BL/6) mice. We, further, included plasma and skeletal muscle of the same mice to verify previous results. Strikingly, we found that duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and WAT do not metabolically age. In contrast, plasma, skeletal muscle, and BAT show a strong metabolic aging phenotype. Overall, we provide first insights into the metabolic changes of tissues essential for nutrient uptake and lipid storage and have identified biomarkers for metabolites that could be further explored, to study the molecular mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Zhou
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Tapia A, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Roca M, Lahoz A, Pineda-Lucena A, López del Amo V, Galindo MI. Mild Muscle Mitochondrial Fusion Distress Extends Drosophila Lifespan through an Early and Systemic Metabolome Reorganization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212133. [PMID: 34830014 PMCID: PMC8618903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a global aging population, it is important to understand the factors affecting systemic aging and lifespan. Mitohormesis, an adaptive response caused by different insults affecting the mitochondrial network, triggers a response from the nuclear genome inducing several pathways that promote longevity and metabolic health. Understanding the role of mitochondrial function during the aging process could help biomarker identification and the development of novel strategies for healthy aging. Herein, we interfered the muscle expression of the Drosophila genes Marf and Opa1, two genes that encode for proteins promoting mitochondrial fusion, orthologues of human MFN2 and OPA1. Silencing of Marf and Opa1 in muscle increases lifespan, improves locomotor capacities in the long term, and maintains muscular integrity. A metabolomic analysis revealed that muscle down-regulation of Marf and Opa1 promotes a non-autonomous systemic metabolome reorganization, mainly affecting metabolites involved in the energetic homeostasis: carbohydrates, lipids and aminoacids. Interestingly, the differences are consistently more evident in younger flies, implying that there may exist an anticipative adaptation mediating the protective changes at the older age. We demonstrate that mild mitochondrial muscle disturbance plays an important role in Drosophila fitness and reveals metabolic connections between tissues. This study opens new avenues to explore the link of mitochondrial dynamics and inter-organ communication, as well as their relationship with muscle-related pathologies, or in which muscle aging is a risk factor for their appearance. Our results suggest that early intervention in muscle may prevent sarcopenia and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapia
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.T.); (M.P.-S.)
| | | | - Marta Roca
- Analytical Unit, Medical Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Analytical Unit, Medical Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.R.); (A.L.)
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Medical Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona Spain;
| | - Víctor López del Amo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (V.L.d.A.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Máximo Ibo Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.T.); (M.P.-S.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- UPV-CIPF Joint Unit Disease Mechanisms and Nanomedicine, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.L.d.A.); (M.I.G.)
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13
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Zhao SJ, Liu XJ, Tian JS, Gao XX, Liu HL, Du GH, Qin XM. Effects of Guilingji on Aging Rats and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:138-149. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si-jun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Jun-sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-xia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Hua-lan Liu
- Product Development Department, Shanxi Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Guan-hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
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14
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Gul Z, Demircan C, Bagdas D, Buyukuysal RL. Aging protects rat cortical slices against to oxygen-glucose deprivation induced damage. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1183-1191. [PMID: 32064981 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1730830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In present study, we aimed to clarify effect of aging on the susceptibility of brain tissue to neurodegeneration induced by ischemia.Methods: Damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (REO) were compared in cortical slices prepared from young (3 months of age) and aged (22-24 months of age) male Sprague Dawley rats.Results: After incubation of the slices in an oxygen and glucose containing control condition, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining intensity was found significantly high in aged cortical slices. Although thirty minutes incubation of the slices in OGD medium followed by REO (OGD-REO) caused similar decline in TTC staining in young and aged cortical slices, staining intensity was still significantly higher in the slices prepared from aged animals. Thirty minutes of OGD-REO, on the other hand, also caused more increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from young slices. While water contents of the slices were almost equal under control condition, it was significantly high in young cortical slices after OGD-REO incubations. In contrary to these findings, OGD and REO caused more increases in S100B output from aged rat cortical slices. S100B levels in brain regions including the cerebral cortex were also found higher in aged rats.Conclusion: All these results indicate that, cortical slices prepared from aged male rats are significantly less responsive to in vitro OGD-REO induced alterations. Since protein S100B outputs were almost doubled from aged cortical slices, a possible involvement of this enhanced S100B output seems to be likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiye Gul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Celaleddin Demircan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Radzinsky VE, Uspenskaya Y, Shulman LP, Kuznetsova IV. Succinate-Based Dietary Supplement for Menopausal Symptoms: A Pooled Analysis of Two Identical Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Obstet Gynecol Int 2019; 2019:1572196. [PMID: 31781230 PMCID: PMC6875258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1572196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of a succinate-based dietary supplement (SBDS; Amberen) in symptomatic menopausal women using a larger sample size derived by pooling data from two identical trials. METHODS Raw data were pooled from two identical randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 90-day clinical trials. Women aged 42-60 years with mild to moderate vasomotor and psychosomatic menopausal symptoms were included (114 in the treatment group and 113 in the placebo group). Symptoms were assessed by the Greene Climacteric Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Changes in body mass index, body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, leptin, and apolipoproteins A1 and B were also evaluated. RESULTS SBDS use resulted in significant improvements in several endpoints including alleviation of 16 of 21 menopausal symptoms (p ≤ 0.05, Greene Scale) and a decrease in anxiety (p < 0.0001, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) when compared to placebo. Significant reductions were observed in weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences in the supplement cohort. Evaluation of physiological parameters showed a significant increase in serum estradiol levels compared to baseline (p < 0.0001) among users of the SBDS. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased slightly in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. Leptin levels decreased with statistical significance in the SBDS cohort compared to placebo (p=0.027). For those with initial leptin concentrations above the reference range, leptin decreased significantly in the SBDS group compared to the baseline (p < 0.0001) and to placebo (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS The pooled analysis reaffirms the outcomes from the individual trials. A nonhormonal, succinate-based dietary supplement is shown to relieve menopausal symptoms when compared to a placebo regimen in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor E. Radzinsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course of Perinatology, The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Medical Institute, Mikluho-Maklaya St. 8, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Uspenskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Elanskogo Str. 2, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lee P. Shulman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 250 East Superior Street, Room 05-2174, Chicago, USA
| | - Irina V. Kuznetsova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Elanskogo Str. 2, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Mironova GD, Pavlik LL, Kirova YI, Belosludtseva NV, Mosentsov AA, Khmil NV, Germanova EL, Lukyanova LD. Effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial enzymes and ultrastructure in the brain cortex of rats with different tolerance to oxygen shortage. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:329-340. [PMID: 31342235 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial structure and the contents of subunits (NDUFV2, SDHA, Cyt b, COX1) of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I-IV as well as of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the brain cortex (BC) of rats with high resistance (HR) and low resistance (LR) to hypoxia were studied for the first time depending on the severity of hypoxia. Different regimes of 30-min hypobaric hypoxia (pO2 14, 10, and 8%) were used. It was found that cortical mitochondria responded to 30-min hypobaric hypoxia of different severity with typical and progressing changes in mitochondrial structure and function of mitochondrial enzymes. Under 14 and 10% hypoxia, animals developed compensatory structural and metabolic responses aimed at supporting the cell energy homeostasis. Consequently, these hypoxia regimes can be used for treatment in pressure chambers. At the same time, decreasing the oxygen concentration in the inhaled air to 8% led to the appearance of destructive processes in brain mitochondria. The features of mitochondrial ultrastructure and the function of respiratory enzymes in the BC of HR and LR rats exposed to normoxic and hypoxic conditions suggest that the two types of animals had two essentially distinct functional and metabolic patterns determined by different efficiency of the energy apparatus. The development of adaptive and destructive responses involved different metabolic pathways of the oxidation of energy substrates and different efficiency of the functioning of mitochondrial respiratory carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Lubov L Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Yulia I Kirova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - Natalia V Belosludtseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.,Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey A Mosentsov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Natalya V Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Elita L Germanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia
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17
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Hestiantoro A, Astuti BPK, Muharam R, Pratama G, Witjaksono F, Wiweko B. Dysregulation of Kisspeptin and Leptin, as Anorexigenic Agents, Plays Role in the Development of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1347208. [PMID: 31871451 PMCID: PMC6913251 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1347208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the menopausal period, women have a higher tendency to develop obesity and any other metabolic syndromes. Dysregulation of leptin and kisspeptin signaling as anorexigenic agents is believed to be the connection between metabolic disorders and altered reproductive function. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the association between leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOBR), free leptin index, kisspeptin concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 171 postmenopausal women aged 40-75 years from 2017 to 2018. Subjects were assigned into 2 groups according to their BMIs: obese group (84 subjects) and nonobese group (87 subjects). In addition to anthropometric measurement, blood sample was collected from each subject for leptin, sOBR, free leptin index (FLI), and kisspeptin evaluation. Bivariate and correlation analysis discovered that leptin and FLI were positively correlated with BMI, while sOBR and kisspeptin were negatively correlated with BMI. Among those variables, multivariate analysis found that leptin, sOBR, and kisspeptin were independently associated with obesity. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher serum leptin concentration and FLI, as well as lower serum sOBR and kisspeptin concentrations, are significantly associated with obesity in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andon Hestiantoro
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Brilliant P. K. Astuti
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Raden Muharam
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Gita Pratama
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fiastuti Witjaksono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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18
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Intermittent living; the use of ancient challenges as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of modern life - A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:28-42. [PMID: 30220336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. They ensue from the sum of modern anthropogenic risk factors, including high calorie nutrition, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, social stress, environmental toxins, politics and economic factors. Many of these factors are beyond the span of control of individuals, suggesting that CNCD are inevitable. However, various studies, ours included, show that the use of intermittent challenges with hormetic effects improve subjective and objective wellbeing of individuals with CNCD, while having favourable effects on immunological, metabolic and behavioural indices. Intermittent cold, heat, fasting and hypoxia, together with phytochemicals in multiple food products, have widespread influence on many pathways related with overall health. Until recently, most of the employed challenges with hormetic effects belonged to the usual transient live experiences of our ancestors. Our hypothesis; we conclude that, whereas the total inflammatory load of multi-metabolic and psychological risk factors causes low grade inflammation and aging, the use of intermittent challenges, united in a 7-10 days lasting hormetic intervention, might serve as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of chronic low grade inflammation and it's metabolic and (premature) aging consequences.
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19
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Moreno-Marín N, Merino JM, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Patel DP, Takahashi S, González-Sancho JM, Gandolfo P, Rios RM, Muñoz A, Gonzalez FJ, Fernández-Salguero PM. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promotes Liver Polyploidization and Inhibits PI3K, ERK, and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. iScience 2018; 4:44-63. [PMID: 30240752 PMCID: PMC6147018 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) deficiency alters tissue homeostasis. However, how AhR regulates organ maturation and differentiation remains mostly unknown. Liver differentiation entails a polyploidization process fundamental for cell growth, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we report that AhR regulates polyploidization during the preweaning-to-adult mouse liver maturation. Preweaning AhR-null (AhR−/−) livers had smaller hepatocytes, hypercellularity, altered cell cycle regulation, and enhanced proliferation. Those phenotypes persisted in adult AhR−/− mice and correlated with compromised polyploidy, predominance of diploid hepatocytes, and enlarged centrosomes. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling remained upregulated from preweaning to adult AhR-null liver, likely increasing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Metabolomics revealed the deregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation intermediates succinate and fumarate in AhR−/− liver. Consistently, PI3K, ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin inhibition partially rescued polyploidy in AhR−/− mice. Thus, AhR may integrate survival, proliferation, and metabolism for liver polyploidization. Since tumor cells tend to be polyploid, AhR modulation could have therapeutic value in the liver. AhR is required for liver polyploidization during preweaning-to-adult transition INS-R/PI3K/AKT, ERK, Wnt/β-Cat and mTOR are downregulated during liver polyploidization Reduced polyploidy relates with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in AhR-null liver Understanding how AhR modulates polyploidy may provide strategies against cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Moreno-Marín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Barrientos
- Servicio de Técnicas Aplicadas a las Biociencias (STAB), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Daxeshkumar P Patel
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - José M González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo
- Cell Signaling Department, CABIMER-CSIC, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Rosa M Rios
- Cell Signaling Department, CABIMER-CSIC, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz 06071, Spain.
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20
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Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a key role in coordinating the physiological changes that underlie mammalian aging. In a recent issue of Nature, Cai and colleagues (2017) shed new light on the mechanism of this effect by providing evidence that hypothalamic stem cells may regulate aging through the release of microRNAs in exosomes.
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Hu J, Li T, Du X, Wu Q, Le YZ. G protein-coupled receptor 91 signaling in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal diseases. Vision Res 2017; 139:59-64. [PMID: 28539261 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) is a succinate-specific receptor and activation of GPR91 could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade and upregulate inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. In the retina, GPR91 is predominately expressed in ganglion cells, a major cellular entity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other hypoxic retinal diseases. During the development of DR and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), chronic hypoxia causes an increase in the levels of local succinate. Succinate-mediated GPR91 activation upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through ERK1/2-C/EBP β (c-Fos) and/or ERK1/2-COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways, which in turn, leads to the breakdown of blood-retina barriers in these disorders. In this review, we will have a brief introduction of GPR91 and its biological functions and a more detailed discussion about the role and mechanisms of GPR91 in DR and ROP. A better understanding of GPR91 regulation may be of great significance in identifying new biomarkers and drug targets for the prediction and treatment of DR, ROP, and hypoxic retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinhua Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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22
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dattilo M, Macut D, Duntas L, Gonos ES, Goulis DG, Gantenbein CK, Kapetanou M, Koukkou E, Lambrinoudaki I, Michalaki M, Eftekhari-Nader S, Pasquali R, Peppa M, Tzanela M, Vassilatou E, Vryonidou A. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Aging and anti-aging: a Combo-Endocrinology overview. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R283-R308. [PMID: 28264815 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging and its underlying pathophysiological background has always attracted the attention of the scientific society. Defined as the gradual, time-dependent, heterogeneous decline of physiological functions, aging is orchestrated by a plethora of molecular mechanisms, which vividly interact to alter body homeostasis. The ability of an organism to adjust to these alterations, in conjunction with the dynamic effect of various environmental stimuli across lifespan, promotes longevity, frailty or disease. Endocrine function undergoes major changes during aging, as well. Specifically, alterations in hormonal networks and concomitant hormonal deficits/excess, augmented by poor sensitivity of tissues to their action, take place. As hypothalamic-pituitary unit is the central regulator of crucial body functions, these alterations can be translated in significant clinical sequelae that can impair the quality of life and promote frailty and disease. Delineating the hormonal signaling alterations that occur across lifespan and exploring possible remedial interventions could possibly help us improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leonidas Duntas
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Endocrine ClinicEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research FoundationInstitute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- First Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyMedical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics Medical SchoolAghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research FoundationInstitute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Michalaki
- Endocrine DivisionInternal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Shahla Eftekhari-Nader
- Department of Internal MedicineMc Goven Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine PropaedeuticResearch Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangeline Vassilatou
- Endocrine Unit2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- Department of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, 'Red Cross Hospital', Athens, Greece
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Radzinskii VE, Kuznetsova IV, Uspenskaya YB, Repina NB, Gusak YK, Zubova OM, Burchakov DI, Osmakova AA. Treatment of climacteric symptoms with an ammonium succinate-based dietary supplement: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:64-68. [PMID: 27759458 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1232686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri- and postmenopausal women commonly suffer from climacteric symptoms. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplement Amberen to relieve vasomotor and psychosomatic symptoms during the course of a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. General clinical assessment, evaluation using the Greene climacteric test and Spielberger-Hanin test, determination of plasma levels of gonadotropins, estradiol, leptin and apolipoproteins were used to evaluate 42-60-year-old women with vasomotor and psychosomatic menopausal symptoms. One hundred and twenty-five women were enrolled in the study and randomized between two groups. Based on the Greene test results, there was a statistically significant improvement (р < 0.05) in 13 out of 21 menopausal symptoms in women who took Amberen. During the course and by the end of the study, patients showed statistically significant changes in the levels of estradiol, gonadotropins and leptin, and decreases in body weight and waist circumference. Spielberger-Hanin test showed that Amberen stabilizes patients' psychological state with a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, increased stress resistance and improved adaptability. Comparative analysis of the vital signs measurements, blood tests and urinalysis did not show any negative effects of Amberen on the patients. Our findings indicate that Amberen can be considered a method of choice to relief mild/moderate climacteric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Radzinskii
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute , Moscow , Russia
| | - I V Kuznetsova
- b Women's Health Research Institute, Research Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Y B Uspenskaya
- b Women's Health Research Institute, Research Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia
| | - N B Repina
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov , Ryazan , Russia , and
| | - Y K Gusak
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov , Ryazan , Russia , and
| | - O M Zubova
- d Department of Therapy , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - D I Burchakov
- b Women's Health Research Institute, Research Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia
| | - A A Osmakova
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Medical Institute , Moscow , Russia
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25
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Naquet P, Giessner C, Galland F. Metabolic adaptation of tissues to stress releases metabolites influencing innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:30-8. [PMID: 26605965 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments have demonstrated that metabolic rewiring imposed by adaptation of tissues to stress leads to the release of various metabolites which directly or indirectly impact innate immune responses and inflammation. Some metabolites can behave as second messengers and leave local cues in tissues. Immune cells which infiltrate stressed tissues reorient their metabolism to cope with these microenvironmental cues while preserving their effector functions in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Giessner
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
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Li YH, Woo SH, Choi DH, Cho EH. Succinate causes α-SMA production through GPR91 activation in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:853-8. [PMID: 26051274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Succinate acts as an extracellular signaling molecule as well as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It binds to and activates its specific G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91). GPR91 is present in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), but its role in hepatic fibrogenesis remains unclear. Cultured HSCs treated with succinate showed increased protein expression of GPR91 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), markers of fibrogenic response. Succinate also increased mRNA expression of α-SMA, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and collagen type I. Transfection of siRNA against GPR91 abrogated succinate-induced increases in α-SMA expression. Malonate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), increased succinate levels in cultured HSCs and increased GPR91 and α-SMA expression. Feeding mice a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet is a widely used technique to create an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). HSCs cultured in MCD media showed significantly decreased SDH activity and increased succinate concentration and GPR91 and α-SMA expression. Similarly, palmitate treatment significantly decreased SDH activity and increased GPR91 and α-SMA expression. Finally, C57BL6/J mice fed the MCD diet had elevated succinate levels in their plasma. The MCD diet also decreased SDH activity, increased succinate concentration, and increased GPR91 and α-SMA expression in isolated HSCs. Collectively, our results show that succinate plays an important role in HSC activation through GPR91 induction, and suggest that succinate and GPR91 may represent new therapeutic targets for modulating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Dae Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
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