1
|
Khalid N. Impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis: A narrative review. Nutr Health 2024; 30:207-214. [PMID: 37697739 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Processed and semi-processed foods are getting popular in the diets of the Western population. The Western diet is almost coupled with consuming carbonated beverages, either alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The presence of sugar, caffeine, and alcohol in different carbonated beverages and detrimental dietary patterns are leading causes of obesity, diabetes, and periodontal diseases in the young population. Aims: This article aims to review the impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis. Methods: A nonsystematic literature review searches in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases with predefined terms relating to carbonated beverages, caffeine intake, childhood obesity, osteoporosis, and bone softness. Results: Bone diseases significantly increase due to early exposure to caffeine and phosphoric acid in the pubertal period. Musculoskeletal growth is a dynamic and complex process, and bone mass achievement is of great importance in this process. According to the global burden of diseases, bone disorders consist of "6.8% of total disability-adjusted life-years." The consumption of soft drinks and their impact on bone accretion and bone mineral density in the young population is under research in the current literature on osteoporotic disorders. Since bone is a metabolically active tissue, it's in constant reconstruction mode. This process is regulated by genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and physical factors. Any imbalance in one of these processes might lead to mineral deposition and osteoporosis. Conclusion: Habitual intake of carbonated drinks with added sugars and caffeine is associated with increased body weight and bone fragility; stringent regulations are needed for proper education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Khalid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khwanchuea R. Predictive factors of bone strength variation in adolescent girls according to body composition. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:119-129. [PMID: 38712493 PMCID: PMC11076230 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346122.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined correlations among anthropometric parameters, body composition, bone parameters and predictive factors of bone mass in adolescent girls with different body fat percentages (%fat). METHODS A total of 129 females aged 15-18 years were categorized into 3 groups using %fat-for-age at the 50th and 95th percentiles as cutoff points (normal, over, and excess %fat groups). We recorded anthropometric data and measured the speed of sound at the tibia and radius using quantitative ultrasound. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure body composition and bone parameters, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and the BMD-z-score (z-score) in the lumbar spine (LS) and whole body (WB). These parameters were compared among the 3 groups using bivariate and multivariate correlation analyses. RESULTS There were strong correlations among all anthropometric parameters, body composition, and DXA in the over %fat group. Lean parameters strongly correlated with LS and WB in the normal %fat group, whereas both lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were positively correlated with BMC in the excess %fat group. The predictive factors of bone mass differed among the groups, as follows: lean body mass was predictive of BMD and BMC at both sites in the normal and over %fat groups; LM and body weight were predictive of LS-BMC and WB-bones, respectively, in the over %fat group; and FM was predictive of WB-bones in the excess %fat group. Body fat and waist circumference were negative predictors of bone mass. CONCLUSION Predictive factors of bone strength appear to depend on the amount of body fat in adolescent girls.
Collapse
|
3
|
Moscatelli F, Monda A, Messina G, Picciocchi E, Monda M, Di Padova M, Monda V, Mezzogiorno A, Dipace A, Limone P, Messina A, Polito R. Exploring the Interplay between Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2715. [PMID: 38473961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a complex disorder with rising global prevalence, is a chronic, inflammatory, and multifactorial disease and it is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation and associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue (AT) is an extremely diverse organ. The composition, structure, and functionality of AT are significantly influenced by characteristics specific to everyone, in addition to the variability connected to various tissue types and its location-related heterogeneity. Recent investigation has shed light on the intricate relationship between bone marrow stem cells and obesity, revealing potential mechanisms that contribute to the development and consequences of this condition. Mesenchymal stem cells within the bone marrow, known for their multipotent differentiation capabilities, play a pivotal role in adipogenesis, the process of fat cell formation. In the context of obesity, alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment may influence the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards adipocytes, impacting overall fat storage and metabolic balance. Moreover, bone marrow's role as a crucial component of the immune system adds another layer of complexity to the obesity-bone marrow interplay. This narrative review summarizes the current research findings on the connection between bone marrow stem cells and obesity, highlighting the multifaceted roles of bone marrow in adipogenesis and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Picciocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Padova
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Exercise Sciences and Well-Being, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mezzogiorno
- Department of Mental Health, Fisics and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Dipace
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garemo M, Sundh V, Mellström D, Strandvik B. Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102606. [PMID: 38181601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are involved in bone development but knowledge in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mass and mineral density in healthy preschool children in relation to fatty acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 111 healthy 4-yrs-old children (20 % overweight) bone was analysed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum phospholipid fatty acid by gas chromatography. Fat intake was calculated from 7 days self-reported dietary records and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Total bone mass content (BMC) and mineral density (BMD) differed by sex in normal weight, but not in overweight children showing generally higher bone mass density than children with normal weight. Linoleic acid intake was strongly correlated to BMC and femoral BMD in normal weight children. Serum concentration of docosahexaenoic acid correlated positively to BMD in all children (p = 0.01), but linoleic and arachidonic acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids showed diverging associations with bone in normal weight and overweight children. CONCLUSION Serum phospholipid DHA was associated with bone density. Other fatty acids associations to bone sites differed in overweight children, analogue to the pattern in healthy 8-yrs-old.The finding need to be confirmed longitudinally and in a larger group of overweight individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Garemo
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valter Sundh
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- University of Gothenburg, Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institutet of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Labayen I, Cadenas-Sánchez C, Idoate F, Medrano M, Tobalina I, Villanueva A, Rodríguez-Vigil B, Álvarez de Eulate N, Osés M, Cabeza R. Liver Fat, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, and Bone Mineral Density in Children With Overweight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e253-e258. [PMID: 37490040 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatic steatosis is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) could play a role in this relationship in children with obesity. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this work were (i) to examine the relationship between the lumbar spine (LS) BMFF and BMD, and (ii) to explore the mediating role of LS-BMFF on the relationship between percentage hepatic fat with LS-BMD in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Hepatic fat and LS-BMFF (magnetic resonance imaging) and areal LS-BMD (LS-aBMD, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 106 children (aged 10.6 ± 1.1 years, 53.8% girls) with overweight/obesity. RESULTS LS-BMFF was inversely associated with LS-aBMD (r = -0.313; P = .001) and directly related with percentage hepatic fat (r = 0.276; P = .005). LS-BMFF was significantly greater in children with than without hepatic steatosis (P = .003; Cohen's d: 0.61; 95% CI, -0.21 to 1.0), while no significant difference was seen between children with overweight and those with obesity (P = .604; Cohen's d: 0.16; 95% CI, -0.21-0.55). Mediating analysis indicated that LS-BMFF is an important mediator (50%) in the association of hepatic fat with lower LS-aBMD (indirect effect: β = -.076; 95% CI, -0.143 to -0.015). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hepatic steatosis, rather than overall excess adiposity, is associated with greater bone marrow adipose tissue in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity, which in turn, is related to lower BMD. Hepatic steatosis could be a potential biomarker of osteoporosis risk, and a therapeutic target for interventions that aim to reduce not only hepatic steatosis, but for those designed to improve bone health in such children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fernando Idoate
- Radiology Department, Mutua Navarra, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31012 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Tobalina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Araba (HUA), Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arantxa Villanueva
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Smart Cities Institute, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Vigil
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Hospital of Araba (HUA), Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Osatek, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | | | - Maddi Osés
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Rafael Cabeza
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Smart Cities Institute, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sierawska O, Sawczuk M. Interaction between Selected Adipokines and Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems: A Review of Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17287. [PMID: 38139115 PMCID: PMC10743430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are substances secreted by adipose tissue that are receiving increasing attention. The approach to adipose tissue has changed in recent years, and it is no longer looked at as just a storage organ but its secretion and how it influences systems in the human body are also looked at. The role of adipokine seems crucial in developing future therapies for pathologies of selected systems. In this study, we look at selected adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, omentin-1, nesfatin, irisin-1, visfatin, apelin, vaspin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and TGF-β2, and how they affect systems in the human body related to physical activity such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 70-384 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akhiiarova K, Khusainova R, Minniakhmetov I, Mokrysheva N, Tyurin A. Peak Bone Mass Formation: Modern View of the Problem. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2982. [PMID: 38001982 PMCID: PMC10669090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peak bone mass is the amount of bone tissue that is formed when a stable skeletal state is achieved at a young age. To date, there are no established peak bone mass standards nor clear data on the age at which peak bone mass occurs. At the same time, the level of peak bone mass at a young age is an important predictor of the onset of primary osteoporosis. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of studies of levels of peak bone mass in general, the age of its onset, as well as factors influencing its formation. Factors such as hormonal levels, body composition, physical activity, nutrition, heredity, smoking, lifestyle, prenatal predictors, intestinal microbiota, and vitamin and micronutrient status were considered, and a comprehensive scheme of the influence of these factors on the level of peak bone mass was created. Determining the standards and timing of the formation of peak bone mass, and the factors affecting it, will help in the development of measures to prevent its shortage and the consequent prevention of osteoporosis and concomitant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Akhiiarova
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Medical Genetics Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Ildar Minniakhmetov
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Anton Tyurin
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonzalez N, Nahmias J, Schubl S, Swentek L, Smith BR, Nguyen NT, Grigorian A. Obese adolescents have higher risk for severe lower extremity fractures after falling. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:235. [PMID: 37466766 PMCID: PMC10356668 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reports vary on the impact of obesity on the incidence of lower extremity fractures after a fall. We hypothesized that obese adolescents (OA) presenting after a fall have a higher risk of any and severe lower extremity fractures compared to non-OAs. METHODS A national database was queried for adolescents (12-17 years old) after a fall. Primary outcome included lower extremity fracture. Adolescents with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (OA) were compared to adolescents with a BMI < 30 (non-OA). RESULTS From 20,264 falls, 2523 (12.5%) included OAs. Compared to non-OAs, the rate of any lower extremity fracture was higher for OAs (51.5% vs. 30.7%, p < 0.001). This remained true for lower extremity fractures at all locations (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for sex and age, associated risk for any lower extremity fracture (OR 2.41, CI 2.22-2.63, p < 0.001) and severe lower extremity fracture (OR 1.31, CI 1.15-1.49, p < 0.001) was higher for OAs. This remained true in subset analyses of ground level falls (GLF) and falls from height (FFH) (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obesity significantly impacts adolescents' risk of all types of lower extremity fractures after FFH or GLF. Hence, providers should have heightened awareness for possible lower extremity fractures in OAs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gonzalez
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Jeffry Nahmias
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Sebastian Schubl
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Lourdes Swentek
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Brian R Smith
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Ninh T Nguyen
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA
| | - Areg Grigorian
- Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite 6200, Orange, CA, 92868-3298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voraberger B, Mayr JA, Fratzl-Zelman N, Blouin S, Uday S, Kopajtich R, Koedam M, Hödlmayr H, Wortmann SB, Csillag B, Prokisch H, van der Eerden BCJ, El-Gazzar A, Högler W. Investigating the role of ASCC1 in the causation of bone fragility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137573. [PMID: 37455927 PMCID: PMC10348481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic variants in ASCC1 cause the ultrarare bone fragility disorder "spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures-2" (SMABF2). However, the mechanism by which ASCC1 dysfunction leads to this musculoskeletal condition and the nature of the associated bone defect are poorly understood. By exome sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous deletion in ASCC1 in a female infant. She was born with severe muscular hypotonia, inability to breathe and swallow, and virtual absence of spontaneous movements; showed progressive brain atrophy, gracile long bones, very slender ribs, and a femur fracture; and died from respiratory failure aged 3 months. A transiliac bone sample taken postmortem revealed a distinct microstructural bone phenotype with low trabecular bone volume, low bone remodeling, disordered collagen organization, and an abnormally high bone marrow adiposity. Proteomics, RNA sequencing, and qPCR in patient-derived skin fibroblasts confirmed that ASCC1 was hardly expressed on protein and RNA levels compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mutated ASCC1 is associated with a downregulation of RUNX2, the master regulator of osteoblastogenesis, and SERPINF1, which is involved in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. It also exerts an inhibitory effect on TGF-β/SMAD signaling, which is important for bone development. Additionally, knockdown of ASCC1 in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) suppressed their differentiation capacity into osteoblasts while increasing their differentiation into adipocytes. This resulted in reduced mineralization and elevated formation of lipid droplets. These findings shed light onto the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying SMABF2 and assign a new biological role to ASCC1 acting as an important pro-osteoblastogenic and anti-adipogenic regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Voraberger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1 Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1 Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helena Hödlmayr
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Saskia B. Wortmann
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Csillag
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Filgueiras MDS, Silva MA, Suhett LG. Editorial: Nutrition, bone health, and cardiometabolic risk in childhood. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1229753. [PMID: 37404856 PMCID: PMC10316018 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1229753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Yang S, He G, Xie L. The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and total bone mineral density in adolescents: NHANES 2011-2018. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191501. [PMID: 37265707 PMCID: PMC10231032 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) serves as an innovative obesity measure, seemingly surpassing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in evaluating lean and fat mass. This study aimed to explore the relationship between WWI and total bone mineral density (BMD) in US adolescents. Methods This population-based study investigated adolescents aged 8-19 years with comprehensive WWI and total BMD data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. WWI was computed by dividing WC by the square root of body weight. Weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting were employed to examine linear and non-linear associations. Threshold effects were determined using a two-part linear regression model. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted. Results Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between WWI and total BMD in 6,923 US adolescents aged 8-19 years [β = -0.03, 95% CI: (-0.03, -0.03)]. This negative correlation remained consistent across all subcategories, with the exception of age, encompassing gender,ethnicity, and diabetes status subgroups. Furthermore, a non-linear relationship and saturation effect between WWI and total BMD were identified, with an inflection point at 9.88 cm/√kg. Conclusions Our research demonstrated a notable negative relationship and saturation effect between WWI and total BMD among US adolescents.
Collapse
|
12
|
Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Unt E, Mäestu E, Parm Ü, Mägi A, Tali M, Jürimäe J. Serum Osteocalcin, Sclerostin and Lipocalin-2 Levels in Adolescent Boys with Obesity over a 12-Week Sprint Interval Training. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050850. [PMID: 37238398 DOI: 10.3390/children10050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of supervised cycling sprint interval training (SIT) on serum osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 and sclerostin levels, and bone mineral characteristics among obese adolescent boys. Untrained obese adolescent boys aged 13.4 ± 0.3 were assigned to either a 12-week SIT group (3 sessions/week), or a non-exercising control group who continued with their habitual everyday life. Serum osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 and sclerostin concentrations, and bone mineral values were assessed before and after intervention. After 12-week intervention, where 14 boys in both groups ended the study, there were no significant differences in serum osteokine levels between the groups after 12 weeks, while whole body bone mineral content and lower limb bone mineral density increased in the SIT group (p < 0.05). Change in body mass index was negatively correlated with the change in osteocalcin (r = -0.57; p = 0.034), and positively correlated with the change in lipocalin-2 levels (r = 0.57; p = 0.035) in the SIT group. Supervised 12-week SIT intervention improved bone mineral characteristics, but did not change osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 or sclerostin levels in adolescent boys with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Salus
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Mägi
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Tali
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Azab M, Idiiatullina E, Safi M, Hezam K. Enhancers of mesenchymal stem cell stemness and therapeutic potency. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114356. [PMID: 37040673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a range of cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Multiple preclinical investigations and clinical trials employed enhanced MSCs-dependent therapies in treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. They have demonstrated considerable and prospective therapeutic potentials even though the large-scale use remains a problem. Several strategies have been used to improve the therapeutic potency of MSCs in cellular therapy. Treatment of MSCs utilizing pharmaceutical compounds, cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and vitamins have shown potential outcomes in boosting MSCs' stemness. In this study, we reviewed the current advances in enhancing techniques that attempt to promote MSCs' therapeutic effectiveness in cellular therapy and stemness in vivo with potential mechanisms and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China; Department of Therapy and Nursing, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Kamal Hezam
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350 Taiz, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singhal V, Kaur S, Haidar LA, Lee H, Bredella MA, Misra M. Differences in bone accrual over one year in young girls with obesity compared to Normal weight controls. Bone 2023; 172:116757. [PMID: 37030498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite higher bone mineral density (BMD), women with obesity are at an increased risk of fracture compared to normal-weight women. Optimal adolescent bone accrual is critical for normal peak bone mass acquisition and future bone health. Whereas several studies have examined the impact of low body weight on bone accrual in youth, data are lacking regarding the impact of obesity on bone accrual. We examined bone accrual over one year in young women with moderate to severe obesity (OB) (n = 21) versus normal-weight controls (NWC) (n = 50). Participants were 13-25 years old. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess areal BMD (aBMD) and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (distal radius and tibia) to assess volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone geometry, and microarchitecture. Analyses were controlled for age and race. The mean age was 18.7 ± 2.7 years. OB and NWC were similar for age, race, height, and physical activity. OB had a higher BMI (p < 0.0001) and younger menarchal age (p = 0.022) than NWC. Over one year, OB did not demonstrate the increase in total hip BMD observed in NWC (p = 0.03). Increases in percent cortical area and cortical thickness, and cortical and total vBMD at the radius were lower in OB than in NWC (p ≤ 0.037). Groups did not differ for tibial bone accrual. We demonstrate that longitudinal bone accrual is impaired at the total hip and radial cortex in young women with obesity, raising concerns regarding their future bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singhal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; MGH Weight Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Snimarjot Kaur
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lea Abou Haidar
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hang Lee
- MGH Biostatistics Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Associating Obesity to Bone Loss. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040521. [PMID: 36831188 PMCID: PMC9954309 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming disease that favors the upset of other illnesses and enhances mortality. It is spreading fast worldwide may affect more than 1 billion people by 2030. The imbalance between excessive food ingestion and less energy expenditure leads to pathological adipose tissue expansion, characterized by increased production of proinflammatory mediators with harmful interferences in the whole organism. Bone tissue is one of those target tissues in obesity. Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that is constantly renewed to maintain its mechanical properties. Osteoblasts are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis, while osteoclasts resorb damaged bone, and the osteocytes have a regulatory role in this process, releasing growth factors and other proteins. A balanced activity among these actors is necessary for healthy bone remodeling. In obesity, several mechanisms may trigger incorrect remodeling, increasing bone resorption to the detriment of bone formation rates. Thus, excessive weight gain may represent higher bone fragility and fracture risk. This review highlights recent insights on the central mechanisms related to obesity-associated abnormal bone. Publications from the last ten years have shown that the main molecular mechanisms associated with obesity and bone loss involve: proinflammatory adipokines and osteokines production, oxidative stress, non-coding RNA interference, insulin resistance, and changes in gut microbiota. The data collection unveils new targets for prevention and putative therapeutic tools against unbalancing bone metabolism during obesity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng KY, Yang CY, Liu SC. Assessing the risks of children with preoperative comorbidities undergoing comminuted fracture surgery. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1118954. [PMID: 36891228 PMCID: PMC9986599 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Comminuted fractures are characterized by bones broken in at least two places, destabilizing the bone and requiring surgery. Children whose bones are still developing and maturing tend to have a higher risk of sustaining comminuted fractures as the result of trauma. Trauma is a major cause of death in children and constitutes a major issue in orthopedics because of the unique properties of children's bones compared to adult bones and the associated complications. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to refine the association between comorbid disease and comminuted fractures in pediatric subjects using a large, national database. All data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between comorbidities and comminuted fracture surgery and between various comorbidities and LOS or unfavorable discharge. Results A total of 2,356,483 patients diagnosed with comminuted fractures were selected initially, of whom 101,032 patients aged younger than 18 years who underwent surgery for comminuted fractures were included. Study results suggest that patients with any comorbidities undergoing orthopedic surgery for comminuted fracture appear to have longer LOS and a higher proportion of discharge to long-term care facilities. Discussion Almost all comorbidities were significantly associated with poor in-hospital outcomes and longer LOS. The analysis of comminuted fractures in children may provide useful information to help first responders and medical personnel evaluate and manage comminuted fractures appropriately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Zhou WJ, Zhang YD, Liu CJ, Yu F, Jiang YM. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Turnover Markers in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:6615789. [PMID: 37153692 PMCID: PMC10162872 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6615789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone turnover markers in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) according to weight status at diagnosis. Methods Two hundred and eleven girls with ICPP were divided according to their weight status at diagnosis into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. The serum levels of total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin, β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, and some biochemical indicators were measured. Associations between variables were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Results Serum P1NP concentrations were significantly different among groups (p < 0.001). No other significant differences were noted in N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen. BMI was associated with estradiol (r = 0.155, p < 0.05) and inversely associated with P1NP (r = -0.251, p < 0.01), luteinizing hormone peak (r = -0.334, p < 0.01), follicle-stimulating hormone peak (r = -0.215, p < 0.01), and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone peak (r = -0.284, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis of factors associated with BMI showed that it was correlated with P1NP, follicle-stimulating hormone base, and luteinizing hormone peak in the overweight group and the obese group. Conclusions Our findings showed that BMI was associated with P1NP, revealing the reduction of bone formation in overweight and obese girls with ICPP. During the diagnosis and treatment of girls with ICPP, attention should be paid to body weight and bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-jie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-duo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan-jiao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qingbaijiang District in Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-mei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clasey JL, Easley EA, Murphy MO, Kiessling SG, Stromberg A, Schadler A, Huang H, Bauer JA. Body mass index percentiles versus body composition assessments: Challenges for disease risk classifications in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1112920. [PMID: 36937977 PMCID: PMC10020489 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying at-risk children with optimal specificity and sensitivity to allow for the appropriate intervention strategies to be implemented is crucial to improving the health and well-being of children. We determined relationships of body mass indexes for age and sex percentile (BMI%) classifications to actual body composition using validated and convenient methodologies and compared fat and non-fat mass estimates to normative cut-off reference values to determine guideline reliability. We hypothesized that we would achieve an improved ability to identify at-risk children using simple, non-invasive body composition and index measures. Methods Cross-sectional study of a volunteer convenience sample of 1,064 (537 boys) young children comparing Body Fat Percentage (BF%), Fat Mass Index (FMI), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), determined via rapid bioimpedance methods vs. BMI% in children. Comparisons determined among weight classifications and boys vs. girls. Results Amongst all subjects BMI% was generally correlated to body composition measures and indexes but nearly one quarter of children in the low-risk classifications (healthy weight or overweight BMI%) had higher BF% and/or lower FFMI than recommended standards. Substantial evidence of higher than expected fatness and or sarcopenia was found relative to risk status. Inaccuracies were more common in girls than boys and girls were found to have consistently higher BF% at any BMI%. Conclusions The population studied raises concerns regarding actual risks for children of healthy or overweight categorized BMI% since many had higher than expected BF% and potential sarcopenia. When body composition and FMI and FFMI are used in conjunction with BMI% improved sensitivity, and accuracy of identifying children who may benefit from appropriate interventions results. These additional measures could help guide clinical decision making in settings of disease-risks stratifications and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody L. Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Correspondence: Jody L. Clasey
| | - Elizabeth A. Easley
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Math, Science, Nursing, Public Health, University of South Carolina Lancaster, Lancaster, SC, United States
| | - Margaret O. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stefan G. Kiessling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aric Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John A. Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cohen TR, Mak IL, Loiselle SE, Kasvis P, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Rodd C, Weiler HA. Changes in Adiposity without Impacting Bone Health in Nine- to Twelve-Year-Old Children with Overweight and Obesity after a One-Year Family-Centered Lifestyle Behavior Intervention. Child Obes 2023; 19:46-56. [PMID: 35384736 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Few family-centered lifestyle interventions (FCLIs) for children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) have assessed regional adiposity and bone health. This study assessed changes in adiposity in 9- to 12-year olds with OW/OB in a 1-year FCLI. Methods: Children were randomized to FCLI (six registered dietitian-led sessions) or no intervention (Control, CTRL). The FCLI focused on physical activity, nutrition education, and behavioral counseling children with families present. Assessments occurred at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year to assess changes in waist circumference (WC), body mass index for age-and-sex Z-scores (BAZ), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Mixed models were used to determine the effects of group and time or group-by-time interactions for all outcomes. Results: Sixty children (age: 11.1 ± 1.1 years, BAZ: 2.7 ± 0.6) were enrolled; 55 participants (n = 28 CTRL, n = 27 FCLI) completed the study. There were no between group differences from baseline to follow-up for any measure. The FCLI group had significant decreases in BAZ over 12 months (-0.18 ± 0.27, p = 0.03) but not CTRL (-0.05 ± 0.32, p = 0.92). WC and android fat mass did not change in FCLI (p > 0.20) but increased in CTRL (p < 0.02). Whole body bone area, content, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) increased in both groups (p < 0.010); whole body aBMD Z-score decreased by 5.8% and 1.6% in CTRL and FCLI, respectively (p < 0.001). There were no significant within group changes in biomarkers. Conclusion: The FCLI resulted in small reductions in BAZ and a plateau in android fat mass, which suggest that FCLIs are suitable as an intervention for 9- to 12-year-old children with OW/OB. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT01290016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Cohen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Food Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Healthy Starts, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Unit, Healthy Starts, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ivy L Mak
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah-Eve Loiselle
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Popi Kasvis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Impair Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Differentiation Favoring Adipogenic Rather than Osteogenic Differentiation in Adolescents with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010447. [PMID: 36613885 PMCID: PMC9820591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has been considered beneficial to bone health because of its anabolic effect on bone formation; however, this results in a poor quality bone structure. In this context, we evaluated the involvement of circulating extracellular vesicles in the impairment of the bone phenotype associated with obesity. Circulating extracellular vesicles were collected from the plasma of participants with normal weight, as well as overweight and obese participants, quantified by flow cytometry analysis and used to treat mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoblasts to assess their effect on cell differentiation and activity. Children with obesity had the highest amount of circulating extracellular vesicles compared to controls. The treatment of mesenchymal stromal cells with extracellular vesicles from obese participants led to an adipogenic differentiation in comparison to vesicles from controls. Mature osteoblasts treated with extracellular vesicles from obese participants showed a reduction in differentiation markers in comparison to controls. Children with obesity who regularly performed physical exercise had a lower circulating extracellular vesicle amount in comparison to those with a sedentary lifestyle. This pilot study demonstrates how the high amount of circulating extracellular vesicles in children with obesity affects the bone phenotype and that physical activity can partially rescue this phenotype.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeziorny K, Zmyslowska-Polakowska E, Wyka K, Pyziak-Skupień A, Borowiec M, Szadkowska A, Zmysłowska A. Identification of bone metabolism disorders in patients with Alström and Bardet-Biedl syndromes based on markers of bone turnover and mandibular atrophy. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101600. [PMID: 35818441 PMCID: PMC9270207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Causative variants in genes responsible for Alström syndrome (ALMS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) cause damage to primary cilia associated with correct functioning of cell signaling pathways in many tissues. Despite differences in genetic background, both syndromes affect multiple organs and numerous clinical manifestations are common including obesity, retinal degeneration, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and many others. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone metabolism abnormalities and their relation to metabolic disorders based on bone turnover markers and presence of mandibular atrophy in patients with ALMS and BBS syndromes. Material and methods In 18 patients (11 with ALMS and 7 with BBS aged 5–29) and in 42 age-matched (p < 0.05) healthy subjects, the following markers of bone turnover were assessed: serum osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), s-RANKL and urinary deoxypyridinoline - DPD. In addition, a severity of alveolar atrophy using dental panoramic radiograms was evaluated. Results Lower serum OC (p = 0.0004) and urinary DPD levels (p = 0.0056) were observed in the study group compared to controls. In ALMS and BBS patients, serum OC and urinary DPD values negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR index, while a positive correlation between the OC and 25-OHD levels and a negative correlation between s-RANKL and fasting glucose concentrations were found. A significant difference in the incidence of low-grade mandibular atrophy between patients with ALMS and BBS and controls (p < 0.0001) was observed. Conclusions The identification of bone metabolism disorders in patients with ALMS and BBS syndromes indicates the necessity to provide them with appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these abnormalities. Bone metabolism disorders in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes Markers of bone turnover in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes Mandibular atrophy in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes
Collapse
|
22
|
Cristi-Montero C, Peña-Jorquera H, Landaeta-Díaz L, Mello JB, Araya-Quintanilla F, Brand C, Reuter C, Jorquera C, Ferrari G. The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040116. [PMID: 36458170 PMCID: PMC9705589 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral content (BMC). Methods The sample comprised 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) aged 10-14. A principal component analysis was performed to obtain a factor made up of four fatness indicators (a) neck circumference, (b) kilograms of fat, (c) visceral fat area, and (d) waist-to-height ratio. BMC, kilograms of fat, visceral fat area, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were obtained by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. ASMI was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared (kg/m2). A mediation analysis was performed adjusting by age, sex, maturation, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and adolescents' body weight. We also explore differences by sex and nutritional status. Results The fatness factor explained 71.5% of the proportion variance. Fatness was inversely associated with the ASMI and BMC, while the ASMI was positively related to BMC. Overall, the inverse relationship between fatness and BMC was partially mediated by the adolescents' ASMI (29.7%, indirect effect: B= -0.048, 95%CI -0.077 to -0.022), being higher in girls than in boys (32.9 vs. 29.2%). Besides, the mediation effect was higher in adolescents with normal body weight than with overweight-obese (37.6 vs 23.9%, respectively). Conclusions This finding highlighted the relevance of promoting healthy habits to reduce fatness and improve muscle mass in adolescents. Moreover, this highlights the central role of ASMI mediating the inverse association between fatness and BMC in female and male adolescents. Public health strategies should promote bone health in childhood, reducing the incidence of early osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio B. Mello
- Physical Education School, Faculdade SOGIPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- eFiDac Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Araya-Quintanilla
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jorquera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bone mineral density, nutrient intake, and physical activity among young women from Uganda. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:134. [PMID: 36216962 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have characterized bone mineral density (BMD) among health young African women. In our study of 496 Ugandan women age ≤25 years, we found that women had healthy BMD that were lower on average than the standard reference ranges. Reference ranges available for BMD measurements need greater precision. PURPOSE Data describing bone mineral density (BMD), nutrient intake, and body composition among healthy, young women in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Using baseline data from a cohort of young, healthy Ugandan women, we summarize bone health and associated risk factors for reduced bone mass. METHODS Using baseline data from Ugandan women ages 16-25 years who enrolled in an ongoing cohort study of bone health with concurrent use of injectable contraception and oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, we describe the distribution of BMD, nutrient intake, physical activity, and body composition. The association of low BMD (1 or more standard deviations below the age, sex, and race-matched reference range from the USA) and calcium intake, vitamin D intake, physical activity, and body composition was estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS In 496 healthy, Ugandan women with median age of 20 years (interquartile range [IQR] 19-21) and median fat:lean mass ratio of 0.55 (IQR 0.46-0.64), median lumbar spine and total hip BMD was 0.9g/cm2 (IQR 0.9-1.0) each. For lumbar spine, Z-score distributions were lower overall than the reference population and 9.3% and 36.3% of women had Z-score >2 and >1 standard deviations below the reference range, respectively. For total hip, Z-scores were similar to the reference population and 1.0% and 12.3% of women had Z-score >2 and >1 standard deviations below the reference range, respectively. In the week prior to enrollment, 41.1% of women consumed >7 servings of calcium, 56.5% had >7 servings of vitamin D, and 98.6% reported ≥2.5 h of physical activity. Having greater body fat was associated with greater frequency of low lumbar spine BMD (p<0.01 for fat:lean mass ratio, total body fat percentage, waist circumference, and BMI). CONCLUSION Young Ugandan women exhibited healthy levels of BMD that were lower than the reference range population.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tisano B, Anigian K, Kantorek N, Kenfack YJ, Johnson M, Brooks JT. The Insidious Effects of Childhood Obesity on Orthopedic Injuries and Deformities. Orthop Clin North Am 2022; 53:461-472. [PMID: 36208888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The current childhood obesity epidemic, affecting approximately 20% of American children and adolescents, is accompanied by unique orthopedic manifestations. The growing musculoskeletal system is susceptible to the endocrine effects of obesity, resulting in decreased bone mass and quality. As a result, obese children are at increased risk of musculoskeletal injury, fracture, and lower extremity deformities. The efficacy of nonoperative treatment such as casting or bracing may be limited by body habitus and surgical treatment is accompanied by increased risk of perioperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breann Tisano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT-Southwestern, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kendall Anigian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT-Southwestern, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nyssa Kantorek
- UT-Southwestern School of Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yves J Kenfack
- UT-Southwestern School of Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scottish Rite for Children/UT-Southwestern, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jaysson T Brooks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scottish Rite for Children/UT-Southwestern, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Pei L, Zhang X, Li B, Meng Y, Zhou X. How high-fat diet affects bone in mice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13493. [PMID: 35822276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding for mice is commonly used to model obesity. However, conflicting results have been reported on the relationship between HFD and bone mass. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized data from 80 articles to determine the alterations in cortical and trabecular bone mass of femur, tibia, and vertebrae in C57BL/6 mice after HFD. Overall, we detected decreased trabecular bone mass as well as deteriorated architecture, in femur and tibia of HFD treated mice. The vertebral trabecula was also impaired, possibly due to its reshaping into a more fragmentized pattern. In addition, pooled cortical thickness declined in femur, tibia, and vertebrae. Combined with changes in other cortical parameters, HFD could lead to a larger femoral bone marrow cavity, and a thinner and more fragile cortex. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analyses to explore the influence of mice's sex and age as well as HFD's ingredients and intervention period. Based on our data, male mice or mice aged 6-12 weeks old are relatively susceptible to HFD. HFD with > 50% of energy from fats and intervention time of 10 weeks to 5 months are more likely to induce skeletal alterations. Altogether, these findings supported HFD as an appropriate model for obesity-associated bone loss and can guide future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- College of Letters & Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Boyuan Li
- Fountain Valley School of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dettlaff-Dunowska M, Brzeziński M, Zagierska A, Borkowska A, Zagierski M, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance in Children with Excessive Body Weight Participating in an Integrated Weight-Loss Programme. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173647. [PMID: 36079907 PMCID: PMC9459952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of overweight and obesity is a growing phenomenon in the entire population. Obesity is associated with many different metabolic disorders and is directly associated with an increased risk of death. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in body composition and physical fitness in children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme and to analyse the possible relationship between changes in body composition and improvements in fitness. Participants of the study were recruited from the “6–10–14 for Health”-multidisciplinary intervention programme for children aged 6 to 15 years old. A total of 170 patients qualified for the study, and 152 patients were enrolled. Statistically significant changes in body composition were found after the end of the intervention program, as measured by both BIA (bioimpedance) and DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry). The differences in KPRT (Kasch Pulse Recovery Test) results at baseline and after intervention are positively correlated with the difference in fat mass between baseline and the after-intervention measure. Improving physical fitness is positively correlated with a decrease in FM (fat mass) and an increase in FFM (fat-free mass) measured in both absolute values and %. Both BIA and DXA methods proved to be equally useful for measuring body composition.
Collapse
|
27
|
Galindo Zavala R, Bou-Torrent R, Mir-Perelló C, Martínez Regueira S, Magallares-López B, López-Corbeto M. Efectividad y seguridad de los bisfosfonatos en el tratamiento de la osteoporosis infantil secundaria. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
28
|
Tummolo A, Brunetti G, Giordano M, Carbone V, Faienza MF, Aricò M, Pesce S. The use of quantitative ultrasound in a tertiary-level children hospital: role in the follow-up of chronically ill patients. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:563-570. [PMID: 35092603 PMCID: PMC9402826 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of QUS for the bone status assessment in children cared because of a chronic disease such as: inherited metabolic disorder, kidney disease and endocrine defect and considered by the attending physician as at specific risk. METHODS QUS outputs were calculated for each disorder and compared to: sex, age, Tanner stage, Z-score for height, weight and BMI (body mass index). RESULTS One-hundred-sixty-eight subjects aged between 3.5 and 18 years met the inclusion criteria. The overall bone quality indexes were under the normal range in all the groups considered. Impairment of bone quality parameters was more evident in the group of patients with inherited metabolic disorders, in which 65% of patients in charge were studied by QUS. Older age and sexual development were associated with less pronounced bone quality impairment, as measured by QUS, in the vast majority of conditions. Overall, the diseases for which the prediction of outcome was the strongest were: hyperphenylalaninemia, nephrotic syndrome and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS QUS is capable to provide information on skeletal status in children. Initial evaluation by QUS may allow defining patients with chronic disorders who deserve further, more invasive diagnostic studies. Inherited metabolic disorders warrant specific attention and strict monitoring for their potential effect on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Via Amendola 207, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Giordano
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Carbone
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Section, University "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aricò
- Rare Diseases Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Pesce
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Via Amendola 207, 70126, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163260. [PMID: 36014768 PMCID: PMC9414751 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at more advanced ages. Nutrient deficiencies, especially calcium and vitamin D, associated with a sedentary lifestyle; lack of sun exposure; and epigenetic aspects represent some of the main risk factors for poor bone quality. In addition, recent studies relate childhood obesity to impaired bone health; however, studies on the adiposity effects on bone health are scarce and inconclusive. Another gap concerns the implications of obesity on child sexual maturity, which can jeopardize their genetic potential bone mass and increase fracture risk. Therefore, we reviewed the analyzed factors related to bone health and their association with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We concluded that obesity (specifically, accumulated visceral fat) harms bones in the infant–juvenile phase, thereby increasing osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults and the elderly. Thus, it becomes evident that forming and maintaining healthy eating habits is necessary during infancy and adolescence to reduce the risk of fractures caused by bone-metabolic diseases in adulthood and to promote healthy ageing.
Collapse
|
30
|
Galindo Zavala R, Bou-Torrent R, Mir-Perelló C, Martínez Regueira S, Magallares-López B, López-Corbeto M. Effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonates therapy in secondary osteoporosis in children. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
31
|
Gil-Cosano JJ, Gracia-Marco L, Ubago-Guisado E, Migueles JH, Courteix D, Labayen I, Plaza-Florido A, Molina-García P, Dutheil F, Ortega FB. Leptin levels were negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content in children with overweight or obesity. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1966-1973. [PMID: 35708516 PMCID: PMC9543891 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adipokines seem to play a role in bone morphogenesis, although this also depends on the mechanical forces applied to the skeleton. The aim was to assess the relationships of resting leptin and adiponectin with bone parameters and whether high muscular fitness levels affect these relationships in children with overweight or obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study took part from 2014 to 2016 in Granada, Spain. Participants were recruited from University Hospitals, and we also used advertisements in local media and school contacts in the city. Adipokines were analysed in plasma. Muscular fitness was assessed by 1 repetition maximum in bench and leg press tests. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone parameters. RESULTS We included 84 children (10.0±1.2y; 63% boys) in this analysis. Leptin was negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content (β=-0.162, p=0.053). No significant interaction was found for muscular fitness. Simple slope estimates suggested that children performing more than 133.3kg in leg press test ameliorated the negative association between leptin and lumbar spine bone mineral content. CONCLUSION Leptin levels were negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content in children with overweight or obesity. A high muscular fitness at the lower body could counteract this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José J Gil-Cosano
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain.,Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, ISFOOD, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia Pamplona, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina-García
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biohealth Research Institute, ibs.Granada, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Metabolomic Profiling of Samples from Pediatric Asthma Patients Unveils Deficient Nutrients in African Americans. iScience 2022; 25:104650. [PMID: 35811841 PMCID: PMC9263988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma metabolomics represents a potentially powerful approach to understand the biochemical mechanisms of nutrition and metabolism in asthma. This study aims to acquire knowledge on plasma metabolites in asthma, which may provide avenues for nutrition therapy, as well as explanations for the observed effects in existing therapies. This study investigated 249 metabolites from 18 metabolite groups in a large cohort of African American population, including 602 pediatric patients with asthma and 593 controls, using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform. Decreased levels of citrate, ketone bodies, and two amino acids histidine (His) and glutamine (Gln), were observed in asthma cases compared to controls. Metabolites for lipid metabolism lost significance after controlling for comorbid obesity. For the first time, this study depicts a broad panorama of lipid metabolism and nutrition in asthma. Supplementation or augmentation of nutrients that are deficient may be beneficial for asthma care. Asthma is a major health issue in African Americans Metabolomics represents a powerful approach to understand the metabolism in asthma We observed decreased citrate, ketone bodies, and amino acids in the plasma Supplementation of nutrients that are deficient may be beneficial for asthma care
Collapse
|
33
|
Effect of screen time intervention on obesity among children and adolescent: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Prev Med 2022; 157:107014. [PMID: 35248682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the effect of screen time interventions on obesity in children and adolescents, but the existing results were controversial. This study aimed to analyze the effect of screen time intervention on obesity in children and adolescents. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase databases were searched through December 2020 to identify publications meeting a priori inclusion criteria and references in the published articles were also reviewed. Finally, 14 randomized controlled trials and 1894 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that interventions targeting screen time are effective in reducing total screen time (MD: -6.90 h/week, 95% CI: [-9.19 to -4.60], p < 0.001) and television time (MD: -6.17 h/week, 95% CI: [-10.70 to -1.65], p < 0.001) in children and adolescents. However, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in body mass index and body mass index-z score. In conclusion, there is no evidence that screen time interventions alone can decrease obesity risk in children and adolescents, though they can effectively reduce screen time.
Collapse
|
34
|
Integrative Analysis of Exosomal miR-452 and miR-4713 Downregulating NPY1R for the Prevention of Childhood Obesity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2843353. [PMID: 35401881 PMCID: PMC8986441 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2843353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are associated with childhood obesity and exploring their regulatory mechanisms may reveal new insights for novel treatments. Childhood obesity data were downloaded from the GEO database and were used to screen for differentially expressed neuropeptides in patients with obesity. NPY1R expression was significantly upregulated in children with obesity compared to children without obesity (p < 0.05). The GEO database was used to filter differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with obesity. And hsa-mir-4713 and hsa-mir-452 were found significantly downregulated in adipose tissue. The GEO, TRRUST, and TFacts databases were used to screen all transcription factors for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The potential regulatory networks between the differentially expressed miRNAs, TFs, and neuropeptides were mapped. In the constructed NPY1R regulatory network, the transcription factors TCF4, HEY1, and GATA3 are significantly associated with NPY1R. TCF4 and HEY1 were positively correlated with NPY1R, while GATA3 was negatively correlated with NPY1R. In the clinical peripheral blood samples, NPY1R, TCF4, and HEY1 were significantly more expressed in the obesity and the obesity with fracture group compared to the control group, while there was no statistically significant difference between the obesity group and the obesity with fracture group in terms of expression. The expression of GATA3, miR-452, and miR-4713 was also significantly lower in the obesity and the obesity with fracture groups when compared to the NC group. Therefore, NPY1R, TCF4, HEY1, GATA3, miR-452, and miR-4713 may be risk factors for fracture in obese children. The potential NPY1R regulatory function was exerted by two pathways: positive regulation caused by TCF4 and HEY1 acting on miR-4713 and negative regulation via GATA3 acting on miR-452. Potential NPY1R-related targets for the treatment of childhood obesity were provided in this study.
Collapse
|
35
|
Bilinski WJ, Stefanska A, Szternel L, Bergmann K, Siodmiak J, Krintus M, Paradowski PT, Sypniewska G. Relationships between Bone Turnover Markers and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Prepubertal Girls and Boys. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061205. [PMID: 35334861 PMCID: PMC8955753 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone health in children are complex, and data on this topic are sparse and inconsistent. We assessed the relationship between bone turnover markers and markers of the processes underlying MetS (insulin resistance and inflammation) in a group of presumably healthy children aged 9–11 years: 89 (51 girls, 38 boys) presenting without any features of MetS and 26 (10 girls, 16 boys) with central obesity and two features of MetS. Concentrations of glucose, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact-P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were assayed and insulin resistance was assessed (HOMA-IR). BMI centile, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. The presence of MetS in girls resulted in significantly lower concentrations of CTX-1 and a trend to lower CTX-1 in boys. The concentrations of bone formation marker i-P1NP were not affected. Among the features associated with MetS, HOMA-IR appeared as the best positive predictor of MetS in girls, whereas CRP was the best positive predictor in boys. A significant influence of HOMA-IR on the decrease in CTX-1 in girls was independent of BMI centile and WC, and the OR of having CTX-1 below the median was 2.8-fold higher/1SD increased in HOMA-IR (p = 0.003). A weak relationship between CTX-1 and CRP was demonstrated in girls (r = −0.233; p = 0.070). Although TG, as a MetS component, was the best significant predictor of MetS in both sexes, there were no correlations between bone markers and TG. We suggest that dyslipidemia is not associated with the levels of bone markers in prepubertal children whereas CRP is weakly related to bone resorption in girls. In prepubertal girls, insulin resistance exerts a dominant negative impact on bone resorption, independent of BMI centile and waist circumference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Bilinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, KoMed, Poddebice Health Center, 85067 Poddebice, Poland;
| | - Anna Stefanska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukasz Szternel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Joanna Siodmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Przemyslaw T. Paradowski
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Orthopedics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umea University, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, SE-971 80 Lulea, Sweden;
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87110 Torun, Poland; (L.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jazbinšek S, Koce M, Kotnik P. Novel Treatment Options in Childhood Bone Diseases. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:590-598. [PMID: 35235937 DOI: 10.1159/000523868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several novel treatment options have recently become available in childhood bone diseases. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on some of the therapeutic agents used in the treatment of pediatric osteoporosis, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, and achondroplasia (ACH). SUMMARY Vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation remains the basis of childhood osteoporosis treatment. Bisphosphonate (BP) therapy is the main antiresorptive therapeutic option, while denosumab, a human monoclonal IgG2 antibody with high affinity and specificity for a primary regulator of bone resorption - RANKL, represents a possible alternative. Its potent inhibition of bone resorption and turnover process leads to continuous increase of bone mineral density throughout the treatment also in the pediatric population. With a half-life much shorter than BPs, its effects are rapidly reversible upon discontinuation. Safety and dosing concerns in children remain. Novel treatment options have recently become available in two rare bone diseases. Burosumab, a monoclonal antibody against FGF-23, has been approved for the treatment of children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets older than 1 year. It presents an effective, more etiology-based treatment for rickets compared to conventional therapy, without the need for multiple daily oral phosphate supplementation. Its long-term efficacy and safety are currently being investigated. After years of anticipation, a novel treatment option for ACH has become available. C-type natriuretic peptide analog vosoritide effectively increases proportional growth and has a reasonable safety profile in children >2 years. Its effect on other features of the disease and the final height is yet to be determined. Several other treatment options for ACH exploring different therapeutic approaches are currently being investigated. KEY MESSAGES Denosumab is effective in the treatment of childhood-onset osteoporosis; however, further studies are necessary to determine the optimal treatment protocol. Burosumab is more etiology-based and convenient in comparison to conventional treatment of X-linked hypophospha--temic rickets in children and adults. Vosoritide importantly changes the natural course of achondroplasia, at least in the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sončka Jazbinšek
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Koce
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Relationship between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density of Female Workers in A Unit of Tai’an. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1011768. [PMID: 35178110 PMCID: PMC8847031 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1011768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To explore the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) of female workers in a university of Tai’an. Methods. This study randomly selected 90 female employees in a university of Tai’an. The body composition was monitored by body composition analyzer (inbody770), and the lumbar bone mineral density was monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (BMD model). The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results. With the increasing of body mass index (BMI), BMD of female lumbar spines 1-4 (L1-4) increased gradually. Spearman correlation analysis showed that BMI, skeletal muscle mass, upper limb muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, lower limb muscle mass, and whole-body phase angle were positively correlated with L1-4BMD. Age was negatively correlated with L1-4BMD. Linear regression analysis showed that age was a negative factor of L1-4BMD, and skeletal muscle mass was a protective factor of abnormal bone mass, especially lower limb muscle mass. Conclusions. Lower limb muscle mass is a protective factor of female BMD. Strengthening physical exercise to improve lower limb muscle mass is conducive to the prevention of female osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Machnicki AL, White CA, Meadows CA, McCloud D, Evans S, Thomas D, Hurley JD, Crow D, Chirchir H, Serrat MA. Altered IGF-I activity and accelerated bone elongation in growth plates precede excess weight gain in a mouse model of juvenile obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:511-526. [PMID: 34989650 PMCID: PMC8836718 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00431.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-third of children in the United States are overweight or obese by their preteens. Tall stature and accelerated bone elongation are characteristic features of childhood obesity, which cooccur with conditions such as limb bowing, slipped epiphyses, and fractures. Children with obesity paradoxically have normal circulating IGF-I, the major growth-stimulating hormone. Here, we describe and validate a mouse model of excess dietary fat to examine mechanisms of growth acceleration in obesity. We used in vivo multiphoton imaging and immunostaining to test the hypothesis that high-fat diet increases IGF-I activity and alters growth plate structure before the onset of obesity. We tracked bone and body growth in male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 114) on high-fat (60% kcal fat) or control (10% kcal fat) diets from weaning (3 wk) to skeletal maturity (12 wk). Tibial and tail elongation rates increased after brief (1-2 wk) high-fat diet exposure without altering serum IGF-I. Femoral bone density and growth plate size were increased, but growth plates were disorganized in not-yet-obese high-fat diet mice. Multiphoton imaging revealed more IGF-I in the vasculature surrounding growth plates of high-fat diet mice and increased uptake when vascular levels peaked. High-fat diet growth plates had more activated IGF-I receptors and fewer inhibitory binding proteins, suggesting increased IGF-I bioavailability in growth plates. These results, which parallel pediatric growth patterns, highlight the fundamental role of diet in the earliest stages of developing obesity-related skeletal complications and validate the utility of the model for future studies aimed at determining mechanisms of diet-enhanced bone lengthening.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper validates a mouse model of linear growth acceleration in juvenile obesity. We demonstrate that high-fat diet induces rapid increases in bone elongation rate that precede excess weight gain and parallel pediatric growth. By imaging IGF-I delivery to growth plates in vivo, we reveal novel diet-induced changes in IGF-I uptake and activity. These results are important for understanding the sequelae of musculoskeletal complications that accompany advanced bone age and obesity in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Machnicki
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Cassaundra A. White
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Chad A. Meadows
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Darby McCloud
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Sarah Evans
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Dominic Thomas
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - John D. Hurley
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Daniel Crow
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Habiba Chirchir
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia,3Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Maria A. Serrat
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Therapeutic Effects of Bee Bread on Obesity-Induced Testicular-Derived Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in High-Fat Diet Obese Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020255. [PMID: 35204140 PMCID: PMC8868291 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a debilitating disorder with a variety of problems including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic role of bee bread on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the testis of obese rats. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats, with weights between 230–300 g, were distributed into four groups (n = 8/group), namely normal control (C), obese (Ob), obese + BB or obese + OR [high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks then HFD plus bee bread or orlistat for another 6 weeks] groups. Bee bread (0.5 g/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) was diluted with distilled water and administered daily for 6 weeks by oral gavage. There were significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR)], glutathione (GSH)] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (Sod), catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the obese group relative to the control group. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers, namely: inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos), nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κβ), tumour necrotic factor α (Tnf-α) and interleukin 1β (Il-1β) were significantly increased while interleukin (Il-10) was decreased in the obese group relative to the control group. Further, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoexpressions decreased while cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining increased significantly in the obese group, in addition to increases in the mRNA levels of p53, Bax, Caspases-8, 9 and 3, relative to the control group. Treatment with bee bread showed increases in antioxidant enzymes and PCNA immunoexpression, as well as decreases in inflammation and apoptosis markers in the testes. This study has shown that bee bread has therapeutic effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis in the testis of HFD-induced obese male rats, thereby suggesting its role as a natural supplement capable of treating obesity-induced male reproductive impairment.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tamme R, Jürimäe J, Mäestu E, Remmel L, Purge P, Mengel E, Tillmann V. Leptin to adiponectin ratio in puberty is associated with bone mineral density in 18-year-old males. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101158. [PMID: 34977280 PMCID: PMC8683673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inconsistent associations of leptin and adiponectin with bone mineral characteristics in puberty and adolescence have been reported. We aimed to examine the associations between leptin to adiponectin ratio (LAR) in puberty and bone mineral characteristics at the age of 18 years in healthy males. Materials and methods 88 white Caucasian boys were investigated at T1 (mean age 12.1 years), T2 (14.0 years) and T3 (18.0 years). Serum leptin and adiponectin were measured and LAR was calculated at T1, T2 and T3, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) for total body and lumbar spine (LS) at T1 and T3. Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlation analyses were used to describe the associations between mean pubertal LAR and BMD at T3. Results Mean pubertal LAR was negatively correlated with both LS BMD (r = −0.23; P < 0.05) and LS BMAD at T3 (r = −0.33; P < 0.05). These associations remained significant also in partial correlation analysis after controlling for total body fat percentage, total testosterone, HOMA-IR and physical activity at T1 (r = −0.31; P < 0.05 and r = −0.41; P < 0.05 respectively). Conclusion LAR in puberty is negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD and lumbar spine BMAD at the age of 18 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeli Tamme
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Mengel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang GX, Fang ZB, Li HL, Liu DL, Chu SF, Zhao HX. Effect of obesity status on adolescent bone mineral density and saturation effect: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994406. [PMID: 36313745 PMCID: PMC9613945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of obesity status on bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents and whether there is a saturation effect is still insufficient. A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 12-19 was conducted to investigate them. METHODS Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between obesity status and BMD via datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. The nonlinear relationships and saturation values were ascertained by fitting smooth curves and analyzing saturation effects. At the same time, the subgroup stratified analysis was also performed. RESULTS 4056 adolescents were included in this study. We found that body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly associated with total BMD, which remained significant in subgroups stratified by age, gender, standing height, and ethnicity. We also noticed an inverse correlation between left leg fat/lean mass and left leg BMD, which was only significant in males and other races. Fitting smooth curve and saturation effect analysis showed that BMI, WC, left leg fat/lean mass, and BMD had a specific saturation effect. There was a saturation effect on bone mineral density in adolescents with a BMI of 22 kg/m2, a WC of 70.5 cm, or a left leg fat/lean mass of 0.2994. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive saturation effect of BMI and WC with BMD and a negative saturation effect of left leg fat/lean mass with BMD. Appropriate obesity status allows adolescents to have better bone mass development but not excessive obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze-Bin Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-Lin Li, ; De-Liang Liu,
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-Lin Li, ; De-Liang Liu,
| | - Shu-Fang Chu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng-Xia Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xia X, Chen L, Wang J, Yu X, Gao L, Zhang Y, Diao F, Cui Y, Liu J, Meng Y. Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Children Conceived via Assisted Reproductive Technology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827978. [PMID: 35222282 PMCID: PMC8867605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) differences between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-conceived children and naturally conceived (NC) children. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included ART-conceived children and controls aged 1 to 12 years assessed with a follow-up protocol. Maternal and paternal background, birth condition, and growth and development indicators were analyzed. RESULTS The ART and NC groups exhibited differences in maternal and paternal childbearing age; maternal weight; maternal body mass index (BMI); maternal alcohol consumption; paternal smoking; delivery method; and serum zinc, iron, and lead levels. Multifactor analysis adjusted for relevant factors showed that paternal childbearing age and group significantly affected the BMD Z score. In the subgroup analysis, in vitro fertilization (IVF) (p=0.026) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (p=0.008) had a positive impact on the BMD Z score. Male infertility only (p=0.010) or male infertility combined with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (p=0.026) may affect the BMD Z score. In the embryo transfer cycle subgroup analysis, compared with natural conception, both stimulation cycle fresh embryo transfer (p=0.019) and natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (p=0.006) had a positive effect on the BMD Z score. CONCLUSIONS The BMD levels of the ART and control groups were generally in the normal range. Paternal childbearing age and the use of ART independently affected the BMD Z score of the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Meng, ; Jiayin Liu,
| | - Yan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Meng, ; Jiayin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baronio F, Baptista F. Editorial: Bone health and development in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1101403. [PMID: 36578952 PMCID: PMC9791941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Baronio
- Department Hospital of Woman and Child, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Baronio,
| | - Fátima Baptista
- Department of Sport and Health, CIPER - Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ali D, Tencerova M, Figeac F, Kassem M, Jafari A. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes in aging women and men: The mechanisms and roles of increased bone marrow adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981487. [PMID: 36187112 PMCID: PMC9520254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis incidence increases with age in both post-menopausal women and aging men. Among other important contributing factors to bone fragility observed in osteoporosis, that also affect the elderly population, are metabolic disturbances observed in obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These metabolic complications are associated with impaired bone homeostasis and a higher fracture risk. Expansion of the Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT), at the expense of decreased bone formation, is thought to be one of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and bone fragility in obesity and T2D. Our review provides a summary of mechanisms behind increased Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA) during aging and highlights the pre-clinical and clinical studies connecting obesity and T2D, to BMA and bone fragility in aging osteoporotic women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Julian V, Costa D, O'Malley G, Metz L, Fillon A, Miguet M, Cardenoux C, Dutheil F, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Courteix D, Pereira B, Thivel D. Bone Response to High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Adolescents with Obesity. Obes Facts 2022; 15:46-54. [PMID: 34864737 PMCID: PMC8820153 DOI: 10.1159/000519271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since adolescents with obesity are prone to bone fragility during weight loss, the aim was to compare the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on bone density, geometry, and strength. METHODS Sixty-one adolescents were randomly assigned to 2 cycling trainings (HIIT and MICT) and a control (CTR, without training) group. Anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with hip structural analysis and the trabecular bone score (TBS) were assessed before and after the 16-week intervention. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) percentage decreased at T1 versus T0 in both training groups (p < 0.001 for HIIT, p = 0.01 for MICT), though to a larger extent in HIIT (p < 0.05). Total body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) increased in both training groups (p < 0.001), but to a greater extent in HIIT for BMC (p < 0.05). Lumbar spine BMD and BMC increased in both training groups (p < 0.001 for HIIT, p < 0.01 for MICT), with a time × group interaction between HIIT and CTR (p < 0.05) only. TBS increased in both training groups (p < 0.01 for HIIT, p < 0.05 for MICT). Hip BMD and BMC increased in both HIIT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) and MICT (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). At the narrow neck (NN), endocortical diameter, width (p < 0.01), cross-sectional moment of inertia, and section modulus (Z) (p < 0.05) increased only in the HIIT group, such as BMD and Z (p < 0.05) at the intertrochanteric region (IT) and average cortical thickness (p < 0.001) and width (p < 0.05) at the femoral shaft. At the NN and IT, the buckling ratio decreased only in the HIIT group (p < 0.05), predicting higher resistance to fracture. CONCLUSIONS In addition to inducing greater BMI and FM percentage decreases in comparison to MICT, HIIT improves multisite bone density, geometry, and strength, which heighten the justification for HIIT as part of weight loss interventions in adolescents with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Valérie Julian,
| | - Daniela Costa
- University of Coimbra, FCDEF, CIDAF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/136193/2018), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, W82GO Child and Adolescent Weight Management Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Miguet
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, LAPSCO − Laboratory of Social and Cognitive Psychology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rinonapoli G, Pace V, Ruggiero C, Ceccarini P, Bisaccia M, Meccariello L, Caraffa A. Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413662. [PMID: 34948466 PMCID: PMC8706946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD, both for a mechanical effect and for the greater amount of estrogens present in the adipose tissue. Nevertheless, despite an apparent strengthening of the bone witnessed by the increased BMD, the risk of fracture is higher. The greater risk of fracture in the obese subject is due to various factors, which are carefully analyzed by the Authors. These factors can be divided into metabolic factors and increased risk of falls. Fractures have an atypical distribution in the obese, with a lower incidence of typical osteoporotic fractures, such as those of hip, spine and wrist, and an increase in fractures of the ankle, upper leg, and humerus. In children, the distribution is different, but it is not the same in obese and normal-weight children. Specifically, the fractures of the lower limb are much more frequent in obese children. Sarcopenic obesity plays an important role. The authors also review the available literature regarding the effects of high-fat diet, weight loss and bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rinonapoli
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerio Pace
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ceccarini
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Bisaccia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AORN San Pio “Gaetano Rummo Hospital”, Via R.Delcogliano, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Meccariello
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AORN San Pio “Gaetano Rummo Hospital”, Via R.Delcogliano, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Auro Caraffa
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abrams SA. Bone Health in School Age Children: Effects of Nutritional Intake on Outcomes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:773425. [PMID: 34869539 PMCID: PMC8640096 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum rate of bone mass accumulation is during early adolescence. As such, a focus on optimizing mineral nutrition in school age children, defined here as approximately 5 to 15 years of age, is crucial to minimize the risk of bone loss that occurs later in life leading to osteoporosis and fractures. Optimizing bone mass in this age group requires attention to an overall healthy diet including adequate calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Special concerns may exist related to children who follow a restricted diet such as a vegan diet, those with intolerance or allergies to dairy, and those with chronic health conditions including young adolescents with eating disorders. Public policy messages should focus on positive aspects of bone health nutrition in this age group and avoid overly specific statements about the exact amounts of foods needed for healthy bones. In this regard, dietary recommendations for minerals vary between North America and Europe and these are higher than the values that may be necessary in other parts of the world. The management of many children with chronic illnesses includes the use of medications that may affect their bone mineral metabolism. Routine lab testing for bone mineral metabolism including the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is not indicated, but is valuable for at-risk children, especially those with chronic illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deodati A, Manco M, Mariani M, Bocchini S, Högler W, Cappa M, Fintini D. Bone density and body composition in small for gestational age children with adequate catch up growth: A preliminary retrospective case control study. Bone 2021; 153:116114. [PMID: 34273633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth patterns and birth weight (BW) have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) throughout infancy and childhood up to early adulthood. We hypothesized that in small for gestational age (SGA) children, compensatory infant catch-up growth to normal height centiles counteracts the adverse consequences of low BW on bone accrual. AIM To evaluate BMD and BMC of SGA children born at term who experienced a normal catch-up growth as compared to children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). PATIENTS We recruited 53 SGA (26 females) and 60 AGA children (27 females), aged 6 to 18 years, matched for sex and body mass index (BMI). Fat mass (FM); Free fat mass (FFM); Lumbar spine and Total body less head (TBLH) BMD; BMC and BMD standard deviation scores corrected for body size (BMAD, BMAD z-score and TBLH BMD/Height) and TBLH BMC for FFM (TBLHBMC/FFM) were derived from Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. RESULTS SGA and AGA children did not differ in any auxological, body composition and bone parameters appropriately adjusted for height and FFM. BMI, FM and, remarkably, FFM were significantly correlated with bone mass parameters in both groups while no correlation was found between FM and FFM with the BW SDS in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data demonstrate that SGA children born at term who recover from their growth deficiency through catch-up growth achieve bone mass and body composition not different from children born AGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Endocrinology Unit, Paediatric University Hospital Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Mariani
- Endocrinology Unit, Paediatric University Hospital Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Bocchini
- Endocrinology Unit, Paediatric University Hospital Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, Paediatric University Hospital Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Endocrinology Unit, Paediatric University Hospital Department, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Julian V, O'Malley G, Metz L, Weghuber D, Courteix D, Fillon A, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Pereira B, Thivel D. Does the severity of obesity influence bone density, geometry and strength in adolescents? Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12826. [PMID: 34171175 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between the severity of obesity and bone health remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES To compare whole-body and localized bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) and hip geometry and strength between adolescents with obesity versus extreme obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 154 adolescents (12-15 years, 62% females) who were classified as having obesity (OG, [95th-99th] percentile) or extreme obesity (EOG, >99th percentile). Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), BMC, BMD for total-body-less-head (TBLH), lumbar spine (LS), hip, TBS and geometric and strength indices at the narrow-neck (NN), femoral shaft (FS) and intertrochanteric regions (IT) were assessed by Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS There was no significant sex-interaction. For both sexes, TBLH BMC and BMD were not different between groups. TBS was lower in EOG compared with OG in both sexes in univariate analysis and after adjustment with maturation and body weight (p < 0.05). Hip BMD was significantly higher in the EOG compared to OG only after adjustment with maturation and fat mass percentage (p < 0.05 for men, p < 0.01 for women). For both sexes, TBLH, LS and hip BMC and BMD positively correlated with weight, BMI, LM and FM. TBS negatively correlated with BMI-percentile in both sexes, with a negative correlation with FM for males alone. Hip BMC and BMD, BMD, ACT and CSA at the three hip sites positively correlated with BMI-percentile in males. CONCLUSIONS Extreme obesity impacts bone health depending on anatomical sites, altering lumbar trabecular bone in both males and females adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,W82GO Child and Adolescent Weight Management Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Verwaaijen EJ, Ma J, de Groot-Kruseman HA, Pieters R, van der Sluis IM, van Atteveld JE, Halton J, Fernandez CV, Hartman A, de Jonge R, Lequin MH, Te Winkel ML, Alos N, Atkinson SA, Barr R, Grant RM, Hay J, Huber AM, Ho J, Jaremko J, Koujok K, Lang B, Matzinger MA, Shenouda N, Rauch F, Rodd C, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Pluijm SMF, Ward LM. A Validated Risk Prediction Model for Bone Fragility in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2290-2299. [PMID: 34610647 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although bone fragility may already be present at diagnosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), routine performance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in every child is not universally feasible. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for low lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD Z-score ≤ -2.0) at diagnosis, as an important indicator for fracture risk and further treatment-related BMD aggravation. Children with ALL (4-18 years), treated according to the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group protocol (DCOG-ALL9; model development; n = 249) and children from the Canadian Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population cohort (STOPP; validation; n = 99) were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the prediction model and to confirm the association of low LS BMD at diagnosis with symptomatic fractures during and shortly after cessation of ALL treatment. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess model performance. The prediction model for low LS BMD at diagnosis using weight (β = -0.70) and age (β = -0.10) at diagnosis revealed an AUC of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.63-0.78) in DCOG-ALL9 and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.84) in STOPP, and resulted in correct identification of 71% of the patients with low LS BMD. We confirmed that low LS BMD at diagnosis is associated with LS BMD at treatment cessation (OR 5.9; 95% CI, 3.2-10.9) and with symptomatic fractures (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4) that occurred between diagnosis and 12 months following treatment cessation. In meta-analysis, LS BMD at diagnosis (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4) and the 6-month cumulative glucocorticoid dose (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2) were associated with fractures that occurred in the first year of treatment. In summary, a prediction model for identifying pediatric ALL patients with low LS BMD at diagnosis, as an important indicator for bone fragility, was successfully developed and validated. This can facilitate identification of future bone fragility in individual pediatric ALL patients. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Verwaaijen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hester A de Groot-Kruseman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Annelies Hartman
- Department of Pediatric Physiotherapy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Lequin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nathalie Alos
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ronald Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald M Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Hay
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam M Huber
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacob Jaremko
- Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaldoun Koujok
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Nazih Shenouda
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Saskia M F Pluijm
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | -
- Canadian Pediatric Bone Health Working Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|