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Liu DX, Pahar B, Cooper TK, Perry DL, Xu H, Huzella LM, Adams RD, Hischak AMW, Hart RJ, Bernbaum R, Rivera D, Anthony S, Claire MS, Byrum R, Cooper K, Reeder R, Kurtz J, Hadley K, Wada J, Crozier I, Worwa G, Bennett RS, Warren T, Holbrook MR, Schmaljohn CS, Hensley LE. Ebola Virus Disease Features Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome in the Rhesus Macaque Model. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:371-382. [PMID: 37279544 PMCID: PMC10428198 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) is one of the most severe and fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers and appears to mimic many clinical and laboratory manifestations of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome (HLS), also known as macrophage activation syndrome. However, a clear association is yet to be firmly established for effective host-targeted, immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in patients with severe EVD. METHODS Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were exposed intramuscularly to the EBOV Kikwit isolate and euthanized at prescheduled time points or when they reached the end-stage disease criteria. Three additional monkeys were mock-exposed and used as uninfected controls. RESULTS EBOV-exposed monkeys presented with clinicopathologic features of HLS, including fever, multiple organomegaly, pancytopenia, hemophagocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercytokinemia, increased concentrations of soluble CD163 and CD25 in serum, and the loss of activated natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that EVD in the rhesus macaque model mimics pathophysiologic features of HLS/macrophage activation syndrome. Hence, regulating inflammation and immune function might provide an effective treatment for controlling the pathogenesis of acute EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricky D Adams
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda M W Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Randy J Hart
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Bernbaum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Deja Rivera
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Anthony
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa St Claire
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kurt Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Reeder
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Kurtz
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyra Hadley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard S Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Travis Warren
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Hu L, Han M, Deng Y, Gong J, Hou Z, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, He J, Zhong C. Genetic distinction between functional tissue-resident and conventional natural killer cells. iScience 2023; 26:107187. [PMID: 37404378 PMCID: PMC10316664 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-residential natural killer (trNK) cells act as pioneering responders during infectious challenges. However, their discrimination with conventional NK (cNK) cells is still an issue. Through an integrative transcriptome comparison of the two NK subgroups from different tissues, we have defined two genesets capable of efficiently distinguishing them. Based on the two genesets, a fundamental difference between the activation of trNK and cNK is identified and further confirmed. Mechanistically, we have discovered a particular role of chromatin landscape in regulating the trNK activation. In addition, IL-21R and IL-18R are respectively highly expressed by trNK and cNK, indicating a role of cytokine milieu in determining their differential activation. Indeed, IL-21 is particularly critical in accessorily promoting trNK activation using a bunch of bifunctional transcription factors. Together, this study sheds light on the bona fide difference between trNK and cNK, which will further expand our knowledge about their distinct functionalities during immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Hu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengwei Han
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yichen Deng
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yime Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Yang B, Mukherjee T, Radhakrishnan R, Paidipally P, Ansari D, John S, Vankayalapati R, Tripathi D, Yi G. HIV-Differentiated Metabolite N-Acetyl-L-Alanine Dysregulates Human Natural Killer Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087267. [PMID: 37108430 PMCID: PMC10138430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has latently infected over two billion people worldwide (LTBI) and caused ~1.6 million deaths in 2021. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with Mtb will affect the Mtb progression and increase the risk of developing active tuberculosis by 10-20 times compared with HIV- LTBI+ patients. It is crucial to understand how HIV can dysregulate immune responses in LTBI+ individuals. Plasma samples collected from healthy and HIV-infected individuals were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the metabolic data were analyzed using the online platform Metabo-Analyst. ELISA, surface and intracellular staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed using standard procedures to determine the surface markers, cytokines, and other signaling molecule expressions. Seahorse extra-cellular flux assays were used to measure mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Six metabolites were significantly less abundant, and two were significantly higher in abundance in HIV+ individuals compared with healthy donors. One of the HIV-upregulated metabolites, N-acetyl-L-alanine (ALA), inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ production by the NK cells of LTBI+ individuals. ALA inhibits the glycolysis of LTBI+ individuals' NK cells in response to Mtb. Our findings demonstrate that HIV infection enhances plasma ALA levels to inhibit NK-cell-mediated immune responses to Mtb infection, offering a new understanding of the HIV-Mtb interaction and providing insights into the implication of nutrition intervention and therapy for HIV-Mtb co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Rajesh Radhakrishnan
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Danish Ansari
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sahana John
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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4
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Wang F, Cui Y, He D, Gong L, Liang H. Natural killer cells in sepsis: Friends or foes? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101918. [PMID: 36776839 PMCID: PMC9909201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the major causes of death in the hospital worldwide. The pathology of sepsis is tightly associated with dysregulation of innate immune responses. The contribution of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells to sepsis is well documented, whereas the role of natural killer (NK) cells, which are critical innate lymphoid lineage cells, remains unclear. In some studies, the activation of NK cells has been reported as a risk factor leading to severe organ damage or death. In sharp contrast, some other studies revealed that triggering NK cell activity contributes to alleviating sepsis. In all, although there are several reports on NK cells in sepsis, whether they exert detrimental or protective effects remains unclear. Here, we will review the available experimental and clinical studies about the opposing roles of NK cells in sepsis, and we will discuss the prospects for NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Gong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Bae WY, Min H, Shin SL, Kim TR, Lee H, Sohn M, Park KS. Effect of orally administered heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 on the innate immune system: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Impact of Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin dosing on GVHD and Immune reconstitution in matched unrelated myeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:1548-1555. [PMID: 35831408 PMCID: PMC9532245 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Data on the influence of different Anti-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) doses on graft versus host disease (GVHD) incidence and immune reconstitution in matched unrelated (MUD) allogeneic Stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is limited. This retrospective study conducted at the University Medical-Center Hamburg compares GVHD and Immune reconstitution after myeloablative MUD (HLA 10/10) PBSC allogeneic stem cell transplant between 30 mg/Kg (n = 73) and 60 mg/Kg (n = 216) ATLG. Detailed phenotypes of T, B natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) cells were analyzed by multicolor flow at day 30, 100, and 180 posttransplant. Neutrophil and platelet engraftments were significantly delayed in the 60 mg/kg group with a higher Cumulative incidence of Infections (67% vs 75% p = 0.049) and EBV (21% vs 41% p = 0.049) reactivation at day 100 in this group. In the 30 mg/kg group, we observed a faster reconstitution of naïve-B cells (p < 0.0001) and γδ T cells (p = 0.045) at day+30 and a faster naïve helper T-cell (p = 0.046), NK-cells (p = 0.035), and naïve B-cell reconstitution (p = 0.009) at day+180. There were no significant differences in aGVHD, cGVHD, NRM, RI, PFS, and OS between the groups. The choice of ATLG dose has significant impact on IR but not on GVHD after MUD-allo-SCT. Higher doses are associated with delayed engraftment and increased infections.
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7
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Liang Y, Fisher J, Gonzales C, Trent B, Card G, Sun J, Tumanov AV, Soong L. Distinct Role of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in Protective Immunity Against Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867924. [PMID: 35479068 PMCID: PMC9035742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, can cause mild or severe scrub typhus. Some patients develop acute lung injury, multi-organ failure, and fatal infection; however, little is known regarding key immune mediators that mediate infection control or disease pathogenesis. Using murine models of scrub typhus, we demonstrated in this study the requirement of TNF-TNFR signaling in protective immunity against this infection. Mice lacking both TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) were highly susceptible to O. tsutsugamushi infection, displaying significantly increased tissue bacterial burdens and succumbing to infection by day 9, while most wild-type mice survived through day 20. This increased susceptibility correlated with poor activation of cellular immunity in inflamed tissues. Flow cytometry of lung- and spleen-derived cells revealed profound deficiencies in total numbers and activation status of NK cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells. To define the role of individual receptors in O. tsutsugamushi infection, we used mice lacking either TNFR1 or TNFR2. While deficiency in either receptor alone was sufficient to increase host susceptibility to the infection, TNFR1 and TNFR2 played a distinct role in cellular responses. TNF signaling through TNFR1 promoted inflammatory responses and effector T cell expansion, while TNFR2 signaling was associated with anti-inflammatory action and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, TNFRs played an intrinsic role in CD8+ T cell activation, revealing an indispensable role of TNF in protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - James Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Casey Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon Trent
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Galen Card
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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8
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Min KY, Koo J, Noh G, Lee D, Jo MG, Lee JE, Kang M, Hyun SY, Choi WS, Kim HS. CD1d hiPD-L1 hiCD27 + Regulatory Natural Killer Subset Suppresses Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:752888. [PMID: 35069528 PMCID: PMC8766675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector and regulatory functions of various leukocytes in allergic diseases have been well reported. Although the role of conventional natural killer (NK) cells has been established, information on its regulatory phenotype and function are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the phenotype and inhibitory functions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-producing regulatory NK (NKreg) subset in mice with MC903-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). Interestingly, the population of TGF-β-producing NK cells in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) was decreased in AD patients than in healthy subjects. The number of TGF-β+ NK subsets was decreased in the spleen or cervical lymph node (cLN), but increased in ear tissues of mice with AD induced by MC903 than those of normal mice. We further observed that TGF-β+ NK subsets were largely included in CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK cell subset. We also found that numbers of ILC2s and TH2 cells were significantly decreased by adoptive transfer of CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK subsets. Notably, the ratio of splenic Treg per TH2 was increased by the adoptive transfer of CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK cells in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the TGF-β-producing CD1dhiPD-L1hiCD27+ NK subset has a previously unrecognized role in suppressing TH2 immunity and ILC2 activation in AD mice, suggesting that the function of TGF-β-producing NK subset is closely associated with the severity of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Jimo Koo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Geunwoong Noh
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Center Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Minseong Kang
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeun Hyun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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9
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Klein K, Hölzemer A, Wang T, Kim TE, Dugan HL, Jost S, Altfeld M, Garcia-Beltran WF. A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9-Based Screen Identifies Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Ligands of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798235. [PMID: 34917099 PMCID: PMC8669139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and HLA-like proteins comprise an overwhelming majority of known ligands for NK-cell receptors, the interactions of NK-cell receptors with non-conventional ligands, particularly carbohydrate antigens, is less well described. We previously found through a bead-based HLA screen that KIR3DS1, a formerly orphan member of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family, binds to HLA-F. In this study, we assessed the ligand binding profile of KIR3DS1 to cell lines using Fc fusion constructs, and discovered that KIR3DS1-Fc exhibited binding to several human cell lines including ones devoid of HLA. To identify these non-HLA ligands, we developed a magnetic enrichment-based genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen approach, and identified enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate as crucial for the binding of KIR3DS1-Fc to K562 cells. This interaction between KIR3DS1 and heparan sulfate was confirmed via surface plasmon resonance, and removal of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from cell surfaces abolished KIR3DS1-Fc binding. Testing of additional KIR-Fc constructs demonstrated that KIR family members containing a D0 domain (KIR3DS1, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR2DL4, and KIR2DL5) bound to heparan sulfate, while those without a D0 domain (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, and KIR2DS4) did not. Overall, this study demonstrates the use of a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out strategy to unbiasedly identify unconventional ligands of NK-cell receptors. Furthermore, we uncover a previously underrecognized binding of various activating and inhibitory KIRs to heparan sulfate proteoglycans that may play a role in NK-cell receptor signaling and target-cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Klein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Haley L. Dugan
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran,
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10
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Elemam NM, Ramakrishnan RK, Hundt JE, Halwani R, Maghazachi AA, Hamid Q. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:733564. [PMID: 34804991 PMCID: PMC8602108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.733564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such infections increase over time due to the continuous use of various antibiotics without medical need, thus leading to several side effects and bacterial resistance. Our innate immune system represents our first line of defense against any foreign pathogens. This system comprises the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells that are critical players in establishing homeostasis and immunity against infections. ILCs are a group of functionally heterogenous but potent innate immune effector cells that constitute tissue-resident sentinels against intracellular and extracellular bacterial infections. Being a nascent subset of innate lymphocytes, their role in bacterial infections is not clearly understood. Furthermore, these pathogens have developed methods to evade the host immune system, and hence permit infection spread and tissue damage. In this review, we highlight the role of the different ILC populations in various bacterial infections and the possible ways of immune evasion. Additionally, potential immunotherapies to manipulate ILC responses will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Activation status dictates the function of unlicensed natural killer cells in mice and humans. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4219-4232. [PMID: 34496010 PMCID: PMC8945636 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation status of NK cell subsets is affected by viral load and immune context. Licensed NK cells dominate the antiviral response in mice after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in innate defense against viral infection and cancer. NK cells can be divided into subsets based on the ability of different receptors to bind to major histocompatibility (MHC) class 1 molecules, resulting in differential responses upon activation in a process called “licensing” or “arming.” NK cells expressing receptors that bind self-MHC are considered licensed due to an augmented effector lytic function capability compared with unlicensed subsets. However, we demonstrated that unlicensed NK subsets instead positively regulate the adaptive T-cell response during viral infections that are related to localization and cytokine production. In this study, the differential effects of the two types of NK subsets were contingent on the environment in viral infection and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) models. Infection of mice with high-dose (HD) murine cytomegalovirus (MCMC) led to a loss of licensing-associated differences, as compared with mice with low-dose (LD) infection: the unlicensed NK subset no longer localized in lymph nodes (LNs), but instead remained at the site of infection. Similarly, the patterns observed during HD infection paralleled the phenotypes of both human and mouse NK cells in an HSCT setting where NK cells exhibit an activated phenotype. However, in contrast to the effects of subset depletion in T-cell replete models, the licensed NK cell subsets still dominated antiviral responses after HSCT. Overall, our results highlight the intricate tuning of NK cells and how it affects overall immune responses with regard to licensing patterns and their dependency on the level of stimulation and activation status.
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12
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Roma S, Carpen L, Raveane A, Bertolini F. The Dual Role of Innate Lymphoid and Natural Killer Cells in Cancer. from Phenotype to Single-Cell Transcriptomics, Functions and Clinical Uses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205042. [PMID: 34680190 PMCID: PMC8533946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a family of innate immune cells including natural killers (NKs), play a multitude of roles in first-line cancer control, in escape from immunity and in cancer progression. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical data on ILCs and NK cells concerning their phenotype, function and clinical applications in cellular therapy trials. We also describe how single-cell transcriptome sequencing has been used and forecast how it will be used to better understand ILC and NK involvement in cancer control and progression as well as their therapeutic potential. Abstract The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, is pivotal in inflammatory modulation and cancer. Natural killer cell activity and count have been demonstrated to be regulated by the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors together with and as a consequence of different stimuli. The great majority of NK cell populations have an anti-tumor activity due to their cytotoxicity, and for this reason have been used for cellular therapies in cancer patients. On the other hand, the recently classified helper ILCs are fundamentally involved in inflammation and they can be either helpful or harmful in cancer development and progression. Tissue niche seems to play an important role in modulating ILC function and conversion, as observed at the transcriptional level. In the past, these cell populations have been classified by the presence of specific cellular receptor markers; more recently, due to the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it has been possible to also explore them at the transcriptomic level. In this article we review studies on ILC (and NK cell) classification, function and their involvement in cancer. We also summarize the potential application of NK cells in cancer therapy and give an overview of the most recent studies involving ILCs and NKs at scRNA-seq, focusing on cancer. Finally, we provide a resource for those who wish to start single-cell transcriptomic analysis on the context of these innate lymphoid cell populations.
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13
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Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Krovvidi SS, Vankayalapati R, Valluri VL. Defective expansion and function of memory like natural killer cells in HIV+ individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257185. [PMID: 34516566 PMCID: PMC8437280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease related mortality, and only 10% of the infected individuals develop active disease. The likelihood of progression of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active TB disease is high in HIV infected individuals. Identification of HIV+ individuals at risk would allow treating targeted population, facilitating completion of therapy for LTBI and prevention of TB development. NK cells have an important role in T cell independent immunity against TB, but the exact role of NK cell subsets in LTBI and HIV is not well characterized. Methods In this study, we compared the expansion and function of memory like NK cells from HIV-LTBI+ individuals and treatment naïve HIV+LTBI+ patients in response to Mtb antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Results In freshly isolated PBMCs, percentages of CD3-CD56+ NK cells were similar in HIV+LTBI+ patients and healthy HIV-LTBI+ individuals. However, percentages of CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK cells were higher in healthy HIV-LTBI+ individuals compared to HIV+LTBI+ patients. HIV infection also inhibited the expansion of memory like NK cells, production of IL-32α, IL-15 and IFN-γ in response to Mtb antigens in LTBI+ individuals. Conclusion We studied phenotypic, functional subsets and activation of memory like-NK cells during HIV infection and LTBI. We observed that HIV+LTBI+ patients demonstrated suboptimal NK cell and monocyte interactions in response to Mtb, leading to reduced IL-15, IFN-γ and granzyme B and increased CCL5 production. Our study highlights the effect of HIV and LTBI on modulation of NK cell activity to understand their role in development of interventions to prevent progression to TB in high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Prudhula Devalraju
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Division, Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, LEPRA Society, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Sanjeev Kumar Neela
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Division, Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, LEPRA Society, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Sai Krovvidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Texas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VLV); (RV)
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Division, Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, LEPRA Society, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail: (VLV); (RV)
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14
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Khalil M, Wang D, Hashemi E, Terhune SS, Malarkannan S. Implications of a 'Third Signal' in NK Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081955. [PMID: 34440725 PMCID: PMC8393955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune systems are evolutionarily divergent. Primary signaling in T and B cells depends on somatically rearranged clonotypic receptors. In contrast, NK cells use germline-encoded non-clonotypic receptors such as NCRs, NKG2D, and Ly49H. Proliferation and effector functions of T and B cells are dictated by unique peptide epitopes presented on MHC or soluble humoral antigens. However, in NK cells, the primary signals are mediated by self or viral proteins. Secondary signaling mediated by various cytokines is involved in metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, terminal maturation, or memory formation in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. The family of common gamma (γc) cytokine receptors, including IL-2Rα/β/γ, IL-7Rα/γ, IL-15Rα/β/γ, and IL-21Rα/γ are the prime examples of these secondary signals. A distinct set of cytokine receptors mediate a ‘third’ set of signaling. These include IL-12Rβ1/β2, IL-18Rα/β, IL-23R, IL-27R (WSX-1/gp130), IL-35R (IL-12Rβ2/gp130), and IL-39R (IL-23Rα/gp130) that can prime, activate, and mediate effector functions in lymphocytes. The existence of the ‘third’ signal is known in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. However, the necessity, context, and functional relevance of this ‘third signal’ in NK cells are elusive. Here, we define the current paradigm of the ‘third’ signal in NK cells and enumerate its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elaheh Hashemi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
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15
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Fukui S, Hidaka M, Fukui S, Morimoto S, Hara T, Soyama A, Adachi T, Matsushima H, Tanaka T, Fuchigami M, Hasegawa H, Yanagihara K, Eguchi S. The Contribution of Serum Complement Component 3 Levels to 90-Day Mortality in Living Donor Liver Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652677. [PMID: 34349754 PMCID: PMC8326795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of the complement system have been elucidated in the process of solid organ transplantation, including kidney transplantation. However, the role of complement in liver transplantation is unknown. We sought to elucidate the time-dependent changes of peritransplantational serum complement levels and the relationships with posttransplant outcomes and other immunological biomarkers. We enrolled 82 patients who underwent living-related donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Nine patients (11%) died within 90 days after LDLT (non-survivors). The following immunomarkers were collected preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 4 week(s) after LDLT: serum C3, C4, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and peripheral blood leukocyte populations characterized by CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, and CD56. Consequently, C3 and C4 increased time-dependently after LDLT. Preoperatively, C3 was negatively correlated with the MELD score, Child–Pugh score, CD16-positive leukocyte percentage, and the CD56-positive leukocyte percentage. Non-survivors had lower levels of C3 at 2 weeks in comparison to survivors (median [interquartile range]: 56 [49-70] mg/dL vs. 88 [71-116] mg/dL, p=0.0059). When the cutoff value of C3 at 2 weeks to distinguish non-survivors was set to 71 mg/dL, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were 87.5%, 75.0%, and 0.80, respectively. A principal component analysis showed an inverse relationship between the C3 and C4 levels and the percentage of CD8-, CD16-, and CD56-positive leukocytes at 1 and 2 week(s). All non-survivors were included in the cluster that showed higher percentages of CD8-, CD16-, and CD56-positive leukocytes at 2 weeks. In conclusion, we demonstrated the relationship between complement, outcomes, and other immunomarkers in LDLT and suggested the usefulness of C3 at 2 weeks after LDLT in distinguishing the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Fukui
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shimpei Morimoto
- Innovation Platform & Office for Precision Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Hara
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mai Fuchigami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Rose DL, Reagin KL, Oliva KE, Tompkins SM, Klonowski KD. Enhanced generation of influenza-specific tissue resident memory CD8 T cells in NK-depleted mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8969. [PMID: 33903648 PMCID: PMC8076325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are among the first effectors to directly contact influenza and influenza-infected cells and their activation affects not only their intrinsic functions, but also subsequent CD8+ T cell responses. We utilized a NK cell depletion model to interrogate the contribution of NK cells to the development of anti-influenza CD8+ T cell memory. NK cell ablation increased the number of influenza-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the respiratory tract and lung-draining lymph node. Interestingly, animals depleted of NK cells during primary influenza infection were protected as well as their NK-intact counterparts despite significantly fewer reactivated CD8+ T cells infiltrating the respiratory tract after lethal, heterosubtypic challenge. Instead, protection in NK-deficient animals seems to be conferred by rapid reactivation of an enlarged pool of lung tissue-resident (TRM) memory cells within two days post challenge. Further interrogation of how NK cell ablation enhances respiratory TRM indicated that TRM development is independent of global and NK cell derived IFN-γ. These data suggest that reduction in NK cell activation after vaccination with live, non-lethal influenza virus increases compartmentalized, broadly protective memory CD8+ T cell generation and decreases the risk of CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology following subsequent influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rose
- Department of Shared Resources, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Katie L Reagin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kimberly E Oliva
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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17
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Gálvez NMS, Bohmwald K, Pacheco GA, Andrade CA, Carreño LJ, Kalergis AM. Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00232-20. [PMID: 33361143 PMCID: PMC7950362 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00232-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided into two major subsets, innate and adaptive, with particular characteristics for each type. Type I natural killer T (iNKT) cells are defined as innate-like T cells sharing features with both traditional adaptive and innate cells, such as the expression of an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and several NK receptors. The invariant TCR in iNKT cells interacts with CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like molecule. CD1d can bind and present antigens of lipid nature and induce the activation of iNKT cells, leading to the secretion of various cytokines, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cytokines will aid in the activation of other immune cells following stimulation of iNKT cells. Several molecules with the capacity to bind to CD1d have been discovered, including α-galactosylceramide. Likewise, several molecules have been synthesized that are capable of polarizing iNKT cells into different profiles, either pro- or anti-inflammatory. This versatility allows NKT cells to either aid or impair the clearance of pathogens or to even control or increase the symptoms associated with pathogenic infections. Such diverse contributions of NKT cells to infectious diseases are supported by several publications showing either a beneficial or detrimental role of these cells during diseases. In this article, we discuss current data relative to iNKT cells and their features, with an emphasis on their driving role in diseases produced by pathogenic agents in an organ-oriented fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Chávez-Reyes J, Escárcega-González CE, Chavira-Suárez E, León-Buitimea A, Vázquez-León P, Morones-Ramírez JR, Villalón CM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Marichal-Cancino BA. Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:559595. [PMID: 33665182 PMCID: PMC7921169 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.559595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes results in several metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that this condition may induce susceptibility and the development of more aggressive infectious diseases, especially those caused by some bacteria (including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others) and viruses [such as coronavirus 2 (CoV2), Influenza A virus, Hepatitis B, etc.]. Although the precise mechanisms that link glycemia to the exacerbated infections remain elusive, hyperglycemia is known to induce a wide array of changes in the immune system activity, including alterations in: (i) the microenvironment of immune cells (e.g., pH, blood viscosity and other biochemical parameters); (ii) the supply of energy to infectious bacteria; (iii) the inflammatory response; and (iv) oxidative stress as a result of bacterial proliferative metabolism. Consistent with this evidence, some bacterial infections are typical (and/or have a worse prognosis) in patients with hypercaloric diets and a stressful lifestyle (conditions that promote hyperglycemic episodes). On this basis, the present review is particularly focused on: (i) the role of diabetes in the development of some bacterial and viral infections by analyzing preclinical and clinical findings; (ii) discussing the possible mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may increase the susceptibility for developing infections; and (iii) further understanding the impact of hyperglycemia on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Escárcega-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - José R Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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19
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Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Other Pathogen Glycoprotein Interactions with NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020156. [PMID: 33494528 PMCID: PMC7911750 DOI: 10.3390/v13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immunity repertoire, and function in the recognition and destruction of tumorigenic and pathogen-infected cells. Engagement of NK cell activating receptors can lead to functional activation of NK cells, resulting in lysis of target cells. NK cell activating receptors specific for non-major histocompatibility complex ligands are NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, NKG2D, and CD16 (also known as FcγRIII). The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30, have been implicated in functional activation of NK cells following influenza virus infection via binding with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). In this review we describe NK cell and influenza A virus biology, and the interactions of influenza A virus HA and other pathogen lectins with NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). We review concepts which intersect viral immunology, traditional virology and glycobiology to provide insights into the interactions between influenza virus HA and the NCRs. Furthermore, we provide expert opinion on future directions that would provide insights into currently unanswered questions.
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Ma L, Li Q, Cai S, Peng H, Huyan T, Yang H. The role of NK cells in fighting the virus infection and sepsis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3236-3248. [PMID: 34400893 PMCID: PMC8364442 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells, one of the important types of innate immune cells, play a pivotal role in the antiviral process in vivo. It has been shown that increasing NK cell activity may promote the alleviation of viral infections, even severe infection-induced sepsis. Given the current state of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic, clarifying the anti-viral function of NK cells would be helpful for revealing the mechanism of host immune responses and decipher the progression of COVID-19 and providing important clues for combating this pandemic. In this review, we summarize the roles of NK cells in viral infection and sepsis as well as the potential possibilities of NK cell-based immunotherapy for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Suna Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hourong Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ting Huyan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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21
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Bogunia-Kubik K, Łacina P. Non-KIR NK cell receptors: Role in transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:157-171. [PMID: 33352617 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are of major significance in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). They are the first subset of lymphocytes to appear in peripheral blood after transplantation and play an important role in the immune responses against cancer and viral infections. The function of NK cells is controlled by various surface receptors, of which type I integral proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs) have been the most extensively studied. The present review focuses on less studied NK cell receptors, such as type II integral proteins with lectin-like domains (CD94/NKG2, NKG2D), natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) and their ligands. Their potential role in patients with haematological disorders subjected to HSC transplant procedure in the context of post-transplant complications such as viral reactivation and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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22
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Zamzami MA, Nasrullah M, Choudhry H, Khan MI. A Study on the Effect of Vitamins A and C to Modulate the Expression of NKG2D Ligands in Hepatic and Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2751-2762. [PMID: 33349056 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1860240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, vitamins have been shown to act as epigenetic modifier. Cancer cells exhibit transcriptional downregulation of NK group 2D ligands (NKG2DLs) through repressive methylation and are largely resistant to NK cell-mediated eradication. We herein investigated the potential of recently reported epigenome modifying vitamins A, C, and E in inducing the expression of epigenetically silenced NKG2DLs in cancer cells. Based on the cell viability assay three concentrations, i.e., 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml of all vitamins were selected for treatment. Results showed that treatment of both vitamin A and C significantly upregulates expression of two major NKG2DLs namely MICA and MICB. Simultaneously, both, vitamin A and C significantly reduces the methylation process by downregulating DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression level. Vitamin C, but not vitamin A, significantly upregulates TETs (DNA demethylases) expression. Further, we assessed the impact of both vitamins A and C on S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio levels and found no significant changes in SAM/SAH ratio. Overall, we clearly found that both vitamin A and C induces NKG2DLs mostly through repressing the expression of DNMTs, suggesting their potential role in improving the targeting of tumor cells by promoting the engagement and clearance of tumor cells with NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nasrullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Kim DO, Byun JE, Kim WS, Kim MJ, Choi JH, Kim H, Choi E, Kim TD, Yoon SR, Noh JY, Park YJ, Lee J, Cho HJ, Lee HG, Min SH, Choi I, Jung H. TXNIP Regulates Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Innate Immunity by Inhibiting IFN-γ Production during Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249499. [PMID: 33327533 PMCID: PMC7765025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expands to remove pathogens by increasing the ability of innate immune cells. Here, we identified the critical role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in the production of IFN-γ in NK cells during bacterial infection. TXNIP inhibited the production of IFN-γ and the activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity in primary mouse and human NK cells. TXNIP directly interacted with TAK1 and inhibited TAK1 activity by interfering with the complex formation between TAK1 and TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1). Txnip−/− (KO) NK cells enhanced the activation of macrophages by inducing IFN-γ production during Pam3CSK4 stimulation or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection and contributed to expedite the bacterial clearance. Our findings suggest that NK cell-derived IFN-γ is critical for host defense and that TXNIP plays an important role as an inhibitor of NK cell-mediated macrophage activation by inhibiting the production of IFN-γ during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Kim
- Department of Innovative Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Jae-Eun Byun
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Won Sam Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Jung Ha Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Hanna Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Eunji Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chumbokro Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (H.J.)
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24
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Clark SE, Schmidt RL, Aguilera ER, Lenz LL. IL-10-producing NK cells exacerbate sublethal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the lung. Transl Res 2020; 226:70-82. [PMID: 32634590 PMCID: PMC7572800 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation is tightly controlled to balance microbial clearance with the tissue damage that accompanies this response. Bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) modulate immune regulation by promoting secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The important cellular sources of IL-10 that impact protection against different bacterial infections are not well characterized. We find that S. pneumoniaeactivates IL-10 secretion from natural killer (NK) cells in the lung, which restrict host protection in a mouse model of sublethal infection. Direct transfer of wild-type NK cells into the lungs of IL-10-deficient mice drives bacterial expansion, identifying NK cells as a critical source of IL-10 promoting S. pneumoniae infection. The S. pneumoniae virulence protein Spr1875 was found to elicit NK cell IL-10 production in purified cells and in the lungs of live animals. These findings reveal therapeutic targets to combat bacterial-driven immune regulation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Rebecca L Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Biology and Chemistry, Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa
| | - Elizabeth R Aguilera
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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25
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Rasid O, Chevalier C, Camarasa TMN, Fitting C, Cavaillon JM, Hamon MA. H3K4me1 Supports Memory-like NK Cells Induced by Systemic Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3933-3945.e3. [PMID: 31851924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are unique players in innate immunity and, as such, an attractive target for immunotherapy. NK cells display immune memory properties in certain models, but the long-term status of NK cells following systemic inflammation is unknown. Here we show that following LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice, NK cells acquire cell-intrinsic memory-like properties, showing increased production of IFNγ upon specific secondary stimulation. The NK cell memory response is detectable for at least 9 weeks and contributes to protection from E. coli infection upon adoptive transfer. Importantly, we reveal a mechanism essential for NK cell memory, whereby an H3K4me1-marked latent enhancer is uncovered at the ifng locus. Chemical inhibition of histone methyltransferase activity erases the enhancer and abolishes NK cell memory. Thus, NK cell memory develops after endotoxemia in a histone methylation-dependent manner, ensuring a heightened response to secondary stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Tiphaine Marie-Noelle Camarasa
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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26
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Rodrigues de Sousa J, Azevedo RDSDS, Quaresma JAS, Vasconcelos PFDC. The innate immune response in Zika virus infection. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2166. [PMID: 32926478 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) was discovered in 1947 in Uganda, Africa, from the serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, which encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 individual proteins. In 2015, the Zika-epidemic in Brazil was marked mainly by the exponential growth of microcephaly cases and other congenital defects. With regard to host-pathogen relationships, understanding the role of the immune response in the pathogenesis ZIKV infection is challenging. The innate immune response is the first-line immunological defence, in which pathogen-associated molecular patterns are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors that trigger macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and endothelial cells to produce several mediators, which modulate viral replication and immune evasion. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the innate immune response against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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27
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Kong Y, Li S, Cheng X, Ren H, Zhang B, Ma H, Li M, Zhang XA. Brain Ischemia Significantly Alters microRNA Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:759. [PMID: 32477329 PMCID: PMC7240012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia induces systemic immunosuppression and increases a host's susceptibility to infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecular switches in immune cells, but the alterations of miRNAs in human immune cells in response to brain ischemia and their impact on immune defense remain elusive. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for early host defenses against pathogens. In this study, we identified reduced counts, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood NK cells obtained from patients with acute ischemic stroke. The extent of NK cell loss of number and activity was associated with infarct volume. MicroRNA sequencing analysis revealed that brain ischemia significantly altered miRNA expression profiles in circulating NK cells, in which miRNA-451a and miRNA-122-5p were dramatically upregulated. Importantly, inhibition of miR-451a or miR-122-5p augmented the expression of activation-associated receptors in NK cells. These results provide the first evidence that brain ischemia alters miRNA signatures in human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyao Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongshan Ma
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
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29
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Diversity of peripheral blood human NK cells identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1388-1406. [PMID: 32271902 PMCID: PMC7160259 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood perform many functions, and classification of specific subsets has been a longstanding goal. We report single-cell RNA sequencing of NK cells, comparing gene expression in unstimulated and interleukin (IL)-2-activated cells from healthy cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative donors. Three NK cell subsets resembled well-described populations; CD56brightCD16-, CD56dimCD16+CD57-, and CD56dimCD16+CD57+. CD56dimCD16+CD57- cells subdivided to include a population with higher chemokine mRNA and increased frequency of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression. Three novel human blood NK cell populations were identified: a population of type I interferon-responding NK cells that were CD56neg; a population exhibiting a cytokine-induced memory-like phenotype, including increased granzyme B mRNA in response to IL-2; and finally, a small population, with low ribosomal expression, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, and high levels of immediate early response genes indicative of cellular activation. Analysis of CMV+ donors established that CMV altered the proportion of NK cells in each subset, especially an increase in adaptive NK cells, as well as gene regulation within each subset. Together, these data establish an unexpected diversity in blood NK cells and provide a new framework for analyzing NK cell responses in health and disease.
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30
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Role of the Innate Immune System in the Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response of Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:650-652. [PMID: 32111511 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effector cells from the innate immune system are capable of cellular killing, recruitment and priming of adaptive cells. As the role of the tumor microenvironment in the control and elimination of cancer continues to be elucidated, interest has grown in understanding how the innate immune system can be harnessed to increase tumor immune infiltration and improve cancer therapeutics. Measurements of cytokines levels in urinary-based assays have shown the relevance of the bidirectional activation pathway between the innate and adaptive immune systems in patients with bladder cancer, underscoring the key role of innate immunity in priming and directing the antitumor response. PATIENT SUMMARY: Systemic and intravesical immunotherapies are currently available for bladder cancer. However, these agents are effective only in a subset of patients. We consider how integration of scientific breakthroughs on innate immunity may open a new window of potential therapeutic targets that could increase the efficacy of available agents.
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Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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Possible role of highly activated mucosal NK cells against viral respiratory infections in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18792. [PMID: 31827202 PMCID: PMC6906525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of non-relapse-related mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Altered functions of immune cells in nasal secretions may influence post HSCT susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. In this prospective study, we determined T and NK cell numbers together with NK activation status in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) in HSCT recipients and healthy controls using multiparametric flow cytometry. We also determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of 16 respiratory viruses. Samples were collected pre-HSCT, at day 0, +10, +20 and +30 after HSCT. Peripheral blood (PB) was also analyzed to determine T and NK cell numbers. A total of 27 pediatric HSCT recipients were enrolled and 16 of them had at least one viral detection (60%). Rhinovirus was the most frequent pathogen (84% of positive NPAs). NPAs of patients contained fewer T and NK cells compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0132 and p = 0.120, respectively). Viral PCR + patients showed higher NK cell number in their NPAs. The activating receptors repertoire expressed by NK cells was also higher in NPA samples, especially NKp44 and NKp46. Our study supports NK cells relevance for the immune defense against respiratory viruses in HSCT recipients.
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Abulizi A, Shao Y, Aji T, Li Z, Zhang C, Aini A, Wang H, Tuxun T, Li L, Zhang N, Lin R, Wen H. Echinococcus multilocularis inoculation induces NK cell functional decrease through high expression of NKG2A in C57BL/6 mice. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:792. [PMID: 31500589 PMCID: PMC6734356 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), and considered as public health issue. Parasite-host immune interaction is pivotal during infection. As a subset of innate lymphoid cells, NK cells are known to play an important role during virus, bacteria, intra/extracellular parasitic infections and tumor progression. However, the possible role of NK cells in E. multilocularis infection in both human and murine is little known. Herein, the functional alteration of hepatic NK cells and their related molecules in E. multilocularis infected mice were studied. METHODS 2000 protoscoleces (PSCs) were injected to C57BL/6 mice via the portal vein to establish secondary E. multilocularis infection. NK cells population and their related molecules (CD69, Ly49D, Ly49G2, Ly49H, Ly49I, NKG2A, NKG2D, granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were assessed by using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) techniques and qRT-PCR. NK cell depletion was performed for further understanding the possible function of NK cells during infection. RESULTS The total frequencies of NK cells and NK-derived IFN-γ production were significantly reduced at designated time points (2, 4, 12 weeks). The liver resident (CD49a+DX5-) NK cells are decreased at 4 weeks after inoculation and which is significantly lower than in control mice. Moreover, in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion increased parasitic load and decreased peri-parasitic fibrosis. Expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A was negatively related to NK- derived IFN-γ secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed down regulates of NK cells and upper regulates of NKG2A expression on NK cells during E. multilocularis infection. Reduction of NK cell frequencies and increased NKG2A might result in low cytotoxic activity through decreased IFN-γ secretion in E. multilocularis infection. This result might be helpful to restore NK cell related immunity against E. multilocularis infection to treat alveolar echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuduaini Abulizi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Zhide Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Abudusalamu Aini
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hui Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Liang Li
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Management of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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NK Cell-Mediated Processing Of Chlamydia psittaci Drives Potent Anti-Bacterial Th1 Immunity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4799. [PMID: 30886314 PMCID: PMC6423132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells critically involved in the early immune response against various pathogens including chlamydia. Here, we demonstrate that chlamydia-infected NK cells prevent the intracellular establishment and growth of the bacteria. Upon infection, they display functional maturation characterized by enhanced IFN-γ secretion, CD146 induction, PKCϴ activation, and granule secretion. Eventually, chlamydia are released in a non-infectious, highly immunogenic form driving a potent Th1 immune response. Further, anti-chlamydial antibodies generated during immunization neutralize the infection of epithelial cells. The release of chlamydia from NK cells requires PKCϴ function and active degranulation, while granule-associated granzyme B drives the loss of chlamydial infectivity. Cellular infection and bacterial release can be undergone repeatedly and do not affect NK cell function. Strikingly, NK cells passing through such an infection cycle significantly improve their cytotoxicity. Thus, NK cells not only protect themselves against productive chlamydial infections but also actively trigger potent anti-bacterial responses.
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35
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Zenere G, Olwenyi OA, Byrareddy SN, Braun SE. Optimizing intracellular signaling domains for CAR NK cells in HIV immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:983-991. [PMID: 30771481 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes with a key role in host defense against HIV infection. Recent advances in chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have made NK cells a prime target for expressing recombinant receptors capable of redirecting NK cytotoxic functions towards HIV-infected cells. In this review, we discuss the role of NK cells in HIV and the mechanisms of actions of HIV-targeting CAR strategies. Furthermore, we also review NK cells signal transduction and its application to CAR NK cell strategies to develop new combinations of CAR intracellular domains and to improve CAR NK signaling and cytotoxic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Zenere
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Omalla Allan Olwenyi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Mhandire K, Zijenah LS, Tshabalala M, Yindom LM, Mlambo T, Mhandire DZ, Musarurwa C, Duri K, Rowland-Jones S, Dandara C, Stray-Pedersen B. KIR and HLA-C Genetic Polymorphisms Influence Plasma IP-10 Concentration in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive HIV-Infected Adult Zimbabweans. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:111-118. [PMID: 30614763 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Past studies on the relationship between Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genetic variation and chronic immune activation (CIA) in HIV infection are not uniformly consistent. Moreover, interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) is a soluble biomarker of immune activation, with high plasma concentrations predicting accelerated disease progression in HIV infection. Thus, we investigated the association of KIR and HLA-C genetic polymorphisms with plasma IP-10 concentration in 183 treatment-naive chronically HIV-infected adults of Bantu origin from Zimbabwe. KIR genetic variation was determined using allele-specific primer PCR while HLA-C typing was characterized by sequencing. Plasma IP-10 was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The KIR2DL3 gene was significantly associated with CIA as observed from IP-10 concentrations among KIR2DL3 carriers (265.20 pg/mL, IQR: 179.99-385.19) compared with KIR2DL3 noncarriers (183.56 pg/mL; IQR: 110.98-230.81; p = 0.001) and among KIR2DL3+HLA-C2 carriers (226.23 pg/mL, IQR: 187.96-394.73) compared with KIR2DL3+HLA-C2 noncarriers (212.86 pg/mL, IQR: 160.15-344.99; p = 0.017), respectively. Similarly, IP-10 concentrations were significantly higher (p = 0.030) in the KIR3DS1 carriers (313.86 pg/mL, IQR: 230.05-469.20) compared with KIR3DS1 noncarriers (246.01 pg/mL, IQR: 169.58-373.32). Thus, KIR and HLA-C could be playing important roles in HIV-associated immune activation. The elevation of IP-10 in KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL3+C2 could potentially be explained by increased IFN-γ secretion from activated NK cell activation due to the absence of KIR2DL3's cognate C1 ligand. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on a potential link between KIR and HLA-C genetic determinants and plasma IP-10 concentration in this population sample. Future studies are called for in other world populations for biomarkers of disease progression and mechanisms of IP-10 variability in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudakwashe Mhandire
- 1 Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- 2 Letten Foundation Research House, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lynn Sodai Zijenah
- 3 Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mqondisi Tshabalala
- 3 Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Louis-Marie Yindom
- 4 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tommy Mlambo
- 3 Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Doreen Zvipo Mhandire
- 1 Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- 2 Letten Foundation Research House, Harare, Zimbabwe
- 5 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cuthbert Musarurwa
- 1 Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kerina Duri
- 3 Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Sarah Rowland-Jones
- 4 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Collet Dandara
- 5 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- 2 Letten Foundation Research House, Harare, Zimbabwe
- 6 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Women's Clinic, Rikshospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Hunt GJ, Freytag S, Bahlo M, Gagnon-Bartsch JA. dtangle: accurate and robust cell type deconvolution. Bioinformatics 2018; 35:2093-2099. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Motivation
Cell type composition of tissues is important in many biological processes. To help understand cell type composition using gene expression data, methods of estimating (deconvolving) cell type proportions have been developed. Such estimates are often used to adjust for confounding effects of cell type in differential expression analysis (DEA).
Results
We propose dtangle, a new cell type deconvolution method. dtangle works on a range of DNA microarray and bulk RNA-seq platforms. It estimates cell type proportions using publicly available, often cross-platform, reference data. We evaluate dtangle on 11 benchmark datasets showing that dtangle is competitive with published deconvolution methods, is robust to outliers and selection of tuning parameters, and is fast. As a case study, we investigate the human immune response to Lyme disease. dtangle’s estimates reveal a temporal trend consistent with previous findings and are important covariates for DEA across disease status.
Availability and implementation
dtangle is on CRAN (cran.r-project.org/package=dtangle) or github (dtangle.github.io).
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Hunt
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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38
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Ram DR, Kroll K, Reeves RK. Indirect activation of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) NK cells in oral and mucosal draining lymph nodes. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:302-304. [PMID: 30256418 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosae and draining lymph nodes are primary entry points for invading pathogens, particularly during immunosuppressive HIV/SIV infections. Innate immunity against oral stimuli, including natural killer (NK) cells, is understudied. Herein, we demonstrate functional NK cell responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of potential oral pathogens in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ram
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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39
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Abel AM, Yang C, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1869. [PMID: 30150991 PMCID: PMC6099181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets that mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, and therefore possess promising clinical utilization. NK cells do not express polymorphic clonotypic receptors and utilize inhibitory receptors (killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49) to develop, mature, and recognize “self” from “non-self.” The essential roles of common gamma cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 in the commitment and development of NK cells are well established. However, the critical functions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-18, IL-27, and IL-35 in the transcriptional-priming of NK cells are only starting to emerge. Recent studies have highlighted multiple shared characteristics between NK cells the adaptive immune lymphocytes. NK cells utilize unique signaling pathways that offer exclusive ways to genetically manipulate to improve their effector functions. Here, we summarize the recent advances made in the understanding of how NK cells develop, mature, and their potential translational use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Abel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Excellence in Prostate Cancer, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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40
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Brandenberger C, Kling KM, Vital M, Christian M. The Role of Pulmonary and Systemic Immunosenescence in Acute Lung Injury. Aging Dis 2018; 9:553-565. [PMID: 30090646 PMCID: PMC6065297 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly (> 65 years), but the knowledge about origin and effects of immunosenescence in ALI is limited. Here, we investigated the immune response at pulmonary, systemic and cellular level in young (2-3 months) and old (18-19 months) C57BL/6J mice to localize and characterize effects of immunosenescence in ALI. ALI was induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application and the animals were sacrificed 24 or 72 h later. Pulmonary inflammation was investigated by analyzing histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytometry and cytokine expression. Systemic serum cytokine expression, spleen lymphocyte populations and the gut microbiome were analyzed, as well as activation of alveolar and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro. Pulmonary pathology of ALI was more severe in old compared with young mice. Old mice showed significantly more inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cyto- or chemokines (TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL1, MIP-1α) in the BALF, but a delayed expression of cytokines associated with activation of adaptive immunity and microbial elimination (IL-12 and IFNγ). Alveolar macrophages, but not BMDM, of old mice showed greater activation after in vivo and in vitro stimulation with LPS. No systemic enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response was detected in old animals after LPS exposure, but a delayed expression of IL-12 and IFNγ. Furthermore, old mice had less CD8+ T-cells and NK cells and more regulatory T-cells in the spleen compared with young mice and a distinct gut microbiome structure. The results of our study show an increased alveolar macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory signaling in the lungs, but not systemically, suggesting a key role of senescent alveolar macrophages in ALI. A decrease in stimulators of adaptive immunity with advancing age might further promote the susceptibility to a worse prognosis in ALI in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brandenberger
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,3Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Maria Kling
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- 4Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mühlfeld Christian
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,3Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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Ricciardi A, Zelt NH, Visitsunthorn K, Dalton JP, Ndao M. Immune Mechanisms Involved in Schistosoma mansoni-Cathepsin B Vaccine Induced Protection in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1710. [PMID: 30090103 PMCID: PMC6068236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A vaccine against schistosomiasis would contribute to a long-lasting decrease in disease spectrum and transmission. Our previous protection studies in mice using Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B (Sm-Cathepsin B) resulted in 59 and 60% worm burden reduction with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Montanide ISA720 VG as adjuvants, respectively. While both formulations resulted in significant protection in a mouse model of schistosomiasis, the elicited immune responses differed. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to decipher the mechanisms involved in Sm-Cathepsin B vaccine-mediated protection. We performed in vitro killing assays using schistosomula stage parasites as targets for lung-derived leukocytes and serum obtained from mice immunized with Sm-Cathepsin B adjuvanted with either Montanide ISA 720 VG or CpG and from non-vaccinated controls. Lung cells and immune sera from the Sm-Cathepsin B + Montanide group induced the highest killing (63%) suggesting the importance of antibodies in cell-mediated parasite killing. By contrast, incubation with lung cells from Sm-Cathepsin B + CpG immunized animals induced significant parasite killing (53%) independent of the addition of immune serum. Significant parasite killing was also observed in the animals immunized with Sm-Cathepsin B alone (41%). For the Sm-Cathepsin B + Montanide group, the high level killing effect was lost after the depletion of CD4+ T cells or natural killer (NK) cells from the lung cell preparation. For the Sm-Cathepsin B + CpG group, high parasite killing was lost after CD8+ T cell depletion, and a reduction to 39% was observed upon depletion of NK cells. Finally, the parasite killing in the Sm-Cathepsin B alone group was lost after the depletion of CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate how the different Sm-Cathepsin B formulations influence the immune mechanisms involved in parasite killing and protection against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ricciardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, National Reference Center for Parasitology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Zelt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, National Reference Center for Parasitology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre (MBC), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Momar Ndao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, National Reference Center for Parasitology, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Yu WH, Cosgrove C, Berger CT, Cheney PC, Krykbaeva M, Kim AY, Lewis-Ximenez L, Lauer GM, Alter G. ADCC-Mediated CD56 DIM NK Cell Responses Are Associated with Early HBsAg Clearance in Acute HBV Infection. Pathog Immun 2018. [PMID: 29541698 PMCID: PMC5847299 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v3i1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects up to 400 million people worldwide and accounts for approximately one million deaths per year from liver pathologies. Current treatment regimens are effective in suppressing viremia but usually have to be taken indefinitely, warranting research into new therapeutic approaches. Acute HBV infection in adults almost universally results in resolution of viremia, with the exception of immunocompromised persons, suggesting that the immune response can functionally cure or even eradicate HBV infection. Methods Because immunophenotypic and functional studies have implicated a role for Natural Killer (NK) cells in HBV clearance during acute infection, we hypothesized that a distinct NK-cell profile exists in acute HBV infection that could provide information for the mechanism of HBV clearance. Using multivariate flow cytometry, we evaluated the expression of key activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells, and their ability to respond to classic target cell lines. Results Multivariate analysis revealed selective perturbation of the CD56dim NK-cell subset during acute infection, displaying low levels of NKp46+, NKp30+, CD160+ and CD161+ cells. Intriguingly, the CD56dim NK-cell profile predicted time to HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance from the blood, and distinct NK-cell profiles predicted early (NKp30, CD94, CD161) and late clearance (KIR3DL1, CD158a, perforin, NKp46). Finally, functional analysis demonstrated that early and late clearance tracked with elevated degranulation (CD107a) or IFNγ production, respectively, in response to ADCC-mediated activation. Conclusion The cytolytic CD56dim NK-cell subset is selectively activated in acute HBV infection and displays distinct phenotypic and functional profiles associated with efficient and early control of HBV, implicating antibody-mediated cytolytic NK-cell responses in the early control and functional cure of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Yu
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patrick C Cheney
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Krykbaeva
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lia Lewis-Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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43
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Nowicka D, Grywalska E, Fitas E, Mielnik M, Roliński J. NK and NKT-Like Cells in Patients with Recurrent Furunculosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:315-319. [PMID: 29236128 PMCID: PMC6061139 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To analyze changes in the number and percentage of NK and NKT-like cells in relation to other immune cells as well as to examine associations between increased susceptibility to infections and NK and NKT-like status in patients with recurrent furunculosis (RF) and healthy controls. Thirty patients with RF and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers were recruited. Blood samples were examined. Lymphocyte count and cytometric analyses were conducted. For statistical analysis, the Student’s t test, F test, and Brown–Forsythe test were used for comparison between groups of variables. Associations were assessed with Pearson coefficient. Patients with RF had lower lymphocyte count than controls. Additionally, they presented with the following changes in the blood picture: a significant increase in the number of NK cells with a CD3+CD16+CD56+ phenotype; a proportional increase in the number and percentage of NKT-like cells with a CD3+CD16+CD56+ phenotype; a significant decrease in the number and percentage of T CD3+ cells. The number of NK cells was strongly positively correlated with the number of CD3 cells (r = 0.6162). The number of NKT cells was strongly positively correlated with CD3 cells (r = 0.6885) and CD3CD8 cells (r = 0.5465). Periodic exacerbations in RF are associated with the development of furuncles, which are a result of many already discovered as well as just being examined mechanisms. One of them is a significant increase in the number and most likely activation of NK and NKT-like cells during the formation of the inflammatory process and furuncles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Chalubinskiego 1, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Fitas
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Mielnik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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44
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Inflammatory Ly6C high Monocytes Protect against Candidiasis through IL-15-Driven NK Cell/Neutrophil Activation. Immunity 2017. [PMID: 28636955 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a crucial role in defense against systemic candidiasis, a disease associated with a high mortality rate in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, although the early immune mechanisms that boost the candidacidal activity of neutrophils remain to be defined in depth. Here, we used a murine model of systemic candidiasis to explore the role of inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes in NK cell-mediated neutrophil activation during the innate immune response against C. albicans. We found that efficient anti-Candida immunity required a collaborative response between the spleen and kidney, which relied on type I interferon-dependent IL-15 production by spleen inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes to drive efficient activation and GM-CSF release by spleen NK cells; this in turn was necessary to boost the Candida killing potential of kidney neutrophils. Our findings unveil a role for IL-15 as a critical mediator in defense against systemic candidiasis and hold promise for the design of IL-15-based antifungal immunotherapies.
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45
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Increased level and interferon-γ production of circulating natural killer cells in patients with scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005815. [PMID: 28750012 PMCID: PMC5549767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells are essential immune cells against several pathogens. Not much is known regarding the roll of NK cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Thus, this study aims to determine the level, function, and clinical relevance of NK cells in patients with scrub typhus. Methodology/Principal findings This study enrolled fifty-six scrub typhus patients and 56 health controls (HCs). The patients were divided into subgroups according to their disease severity. A flow cytometry measured NK cell level and function in peripheral blood. Circulating NK cell levels and CD69 expressions were significantly increased in scrub typhus patients. Increased NK cell levels reflected disease severity. In scrub typhus patients, tests showed their NK cells produced higher amounts of interferon (IFN)-γ after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 relative to those of HCs. Meanwhile, between scrub typhus patients and HCs, the cytotoxicity and degranulation of NK cells against K562 were comparable. CD69 expressions were recovered to the normal levels in the remission phase. Conclusions This study shows that circulating NK cells are activated and numerically increased, and they produced more IFN-γ in scrub typhus patients. Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium. It primarily invades endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Plasma concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ, several cytokines and chemokines, which are known to recruit natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, were found to be increased in scrub typhus patients. NK cells are known as essential immune cells against several pathogens. In murine models of Rickettsial infection, the clearance of bacteria was found to be significantly associated with NK cell activity. Not much is known regarding NK cells’ role in O. tsutsugamushi infection in humans. This study is very possibly the first to measure NK cells’ level and function of in scrub typhus patients, or to examine NK cell levels’ clinical relevance. This study’s results demonstrate that circulating NK cells are activated and numerically increased in scrub typhus patients. Notably, increased production IFN-γ by NK cells of scrub typhus patients suggests their contribution to enhancement of intracellular bacterial killing in infected antigen presenting cells. Moreover, disease severity corresponded to increased NK cell levels. These findings importantly suggest that NK cells play a role in protecting the host against O. tsutsugamushi infection.
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46
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Ortiz AL, Lenz LL. A Listeria-derived polypeptide promotes in vivo activation of NK cells for antitumor therapy. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:53-62. [PMID: 29658011 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown promise in treatment of cancer, but more potent and targeted therapies are needed. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with innate ability to recognize and lyse tumor cells. When activated, they also produce type II interferon (IFNγ) to orchestrate the activity of other immune cells. Strategies to elicit NK cell activation in vivo have potential usefulness in anti-tumor immunotherapies. Here, we report on a strategy to stimulate NK cell activation and anti-tumor activity in mice with established B16.F10 murine melanomas. We and others previously observed that NK cells are rapidly activated during infection by pathogens such as the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). A secreted Lm virulence protein, p60, and a fragment of p60 termed L1S were previously shown to stimulate innate immune responses and promote NK cell activation. We purified recombinant L1S and characterized its activity in cell culture studies. Recombinant L1S protein was also observed to promote accumulation and robust NK cell activation in the lungs when given via intratracheal instillation to control and tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, therapeutic administration of a single L1S dose was found to significantly reduce the number and area of "metastatic" tumor nodules on the lungs of mice with established B16.F10 murine melanomas. Depletion studies showed that these antitumor effects were dependent on NK cells and IFNγ. These data provide proof of concept that administration of a single immune-modulating microbial polypeptide can be used to therapeutically boost NK cell in vivo activation and promote anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Ortiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology. University of Colorado School of Medicine. Aurora, CO. 80045
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Biomedical Research. National Jewish Health. Denver, CO 80206
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Smith SG, Kleinnijenhuis J, Netea MG, Dockrell HM. Whole Blood Profiling of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced Trained Innate Immunity in Infants Identifies Epidermal Growth Factor, IL-6, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AB/BB, and Natural Killer Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28634479 PMCID: PMC5459878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of infants with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. The antimycobacterial effects of these responses most likely account for the ability of BCG to protect against childhood forms of tuberculosis (TB). There is also evidence for a heterologous protective effect of BCG vaccination against TB-unrelated mortality in low birth weight infants. A possible mechanism of action of this effect, the induction of trained innate immunity, has been demonstrated when cells from BCG-vaccinated adults are restimulated in vitro with non-related microbial stimuli. Our aim was to examine an extensive panel of secreted immune biomarkers to characterize the profile of trained innate immunity in infants. Stimulation of whole blood for 48 h was performed 4 months after BCG vaccination, or in control unvaccinated infants. Stimulants were lipopolysaccharide; Pam3Cys (P3C); heat-killed Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and a lysate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Culture supernatants were tested for secreted cytokines and chemokines by 42-plex bead array and monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells assessed for expression of activation markers by flow cytometry. BCG-vaccinated infants displayed increases in 11 cytokines and chemokines in response to different non-specific innate immunity stimuli: epidermal growth factor (EGF); eotaxin; IL-6; IL-7; IL-8; IL-10; IL-12p40; monocyte chemotactic protein-3; macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; soluble CD40 ligand and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB. Although each stimulant induced a distinct response profile, three analytes, EGF, IL-6, and PDGF-AB/BB, were commonly higher after stimulation with Pam3Cys, C. albicans, and S. aureus. Conversely, certain cytokines such as interferon gamma-inducible protein-10, IL-2, IL-13, IL-17, GM-CSF, and GRO were suppressed in BCG-vaccinated infants, while no increases in TNFα or IL-1β production were detected. We did not observe a concomitant, BCG-associated change in monocyte surface activation markers in response to non-specific stimuli, but we detected a significant increase in CD69 expression on NK cells in response to Pam3Cys. Pam3Cys-induced NK cell activation correlated with the magnitude of IL-12p40 and IL-10 responses to the same stimulant. This study reveals a novel cytokine/chemokine biomarker signature of BCG-induced trained innate immunity in infants and the involvement of NK cells in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Smith
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
After partial hepatectomy, hepatocytes proliferate to restore mass and function of the liver. Macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, dendritic cells (DC), eosinophils, gamma delta T (γδT) cells, and conventional T cells, as well as other subsets of the immune cells residing in the liver control liver regeneration, either through direct interactions with hepatocytes or indirectly by releasing inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review recent progress regarding the immune cells in the liver and their functions during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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49
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NK-DC Crosstalk in Immunity to Microbial Infection. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6374379. [PMID: 28097157 PMCID: PMC5206438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6374379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between natural killer (NK) cell and dendritic cell (DC), two important cellular components of innate immunity, started to be elucidated in the last years. The crosstalk between NK cells and DC, which leads to NK cell activation, DC maturation, or apoptosis, involves cell-cell contacts and soluble factors. This interaction either in the periphery or in the secondary lymphoid organs acts as a key player linking innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial stimuli. This review focuses on the mechanisms of NK-DC interaction and their relevance in antimicrobial responses. We specifically aim to emphasize the ability of various microbial infections to differently influence NK-DC crosstalk thereby contributing to distinct adaptive immune response.
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50
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Templer S, Sacks G. A blessing and a curse: is high NK cell activity good for health and bad for reproduction? HUM FERTIL 2016; 19:166-72. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1219072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Templer
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gavin Sacks
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- IVF Australia, Sydney, Australia
- St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia
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