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Speirs ZC, Loynes CA, Mathiessen H, Elks PM, Renshaw SA, Jørgensen LVG. What can we learn about fish neutrophil and macrophage response to immune challenge from studies in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109490. [PMID: 38471626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Fish rely, to a high degree, on the innate immune system to protect them against the constant exposure to potential pathogenic invasion from the surrounding water during homeostasis and injury. Zebrafish larvae have emerged as an outstanding model organism for immunity. The cellular component of zebrafish innate immunity is similar to the mammalian innate immune system and has a high degree of sophistication due to the needs of living in an aquatic environment from early embryonic stages of life. Innate immune cells (leukocytes), including neutrophils and macrophages, have major roles in protecting zebrafish against pathogens, as well as being essential for proper wound healing and regeneration. Zebrafish larvae are visually transparent, with unprecedented in vivo microscopy opportunities that, in combination with transgenic immune reporter lines, have permitted visualisation of the functions of these cells when zebrafish are exposed to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, as well as during injury and healing. Recent findings indicate that leukocytes are even more complex than previously anticipated and are essential for inflammation, infection control, and subsequent wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë C Speirs
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Catherine A Loynes
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heidi Mathiessen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
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Ganguly K, Luthfikasari R, Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Patil TV, Acharya R, Lim KT. Stimuli-Mediated Macrophage Switching, Unraveling the Dynamics at the Nanoplatforms-Macrophage Interface. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400581. [PMID: 38637323 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in immunotherapy and tissue regeneration owing to their remarkable plasticity and diverse functions. Recent bioengineering developments have focused on using external physical stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields, temperature, and compressive stress, among others, on micro/nanostructures to induce macrophage polarization, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. However, it is difficult to find a concise review of the interaction between physical stimuli, advanced micro/nanostructures, and macrophage polarization. This review examines the present research on physical stimuli-induced macrophage polarization on micro/nanoplatforms, emphasizing the synergistic role of fabricated structure and stimulation for advanced immunotherapy and tissue regeneration. A concise overview of the research advancements investigating the impact of physical stimuli, including electric fields, magnetic fields, compressive forces, fluid shear stress, photothermal stimuli, and multiple stimulations on the polarization of macrophages within complex engineered structures, is provided. The prospective implications of these strategies in regenerative medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches are highlighted. This review will aid in creating stimuli-responsive platforms for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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3
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Olguín JE, Corano-Arredondo E, Hernández-Gómez V, Rivera-Montoya I, Rodríguez MA, Medina-Andrade I, Arendse B, Brombacher F, Terrazas LI. A Myeloid-Specific Lack of IL-4Rα Prevents the Development of Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Enhances Immunity to Experimental Cysticercosis. Pathogens 2024; 13:169. [PMID: 38392907 PMCID: PMC10893369 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the role that the IL-4/IL13 receptor plays in the development of alternatively activated macrophages (AAM or M2) and their role in the regulation of immunity to the extraintestinal phase of the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps, we followed the infection in a mouse strain lacking the IL-4Rα gene (IL-4Rα-/-) and in the macrophage/neutrophil-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mouse strain (LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox or cre/LoxP). While 100% of T. crassiceps-infected IL-4Rα+/+ (WT) mice harbored large parasite loads, more than 50% of th eIL-4Rα-/- mice resolved the infection. Approximately 88% of the LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice displayed a sterilizing immunity to the infection. The remaining few infected cre/LoxP mice displayed the lowest number of larvae in their peritoneal cavity. The inability of the WT mice to control the infection was associated with antigen-specific Th2-type responses with higher levels of IgG1, IL-4, IL-13, and total IgE, reduced NO production, and increased arginase activity. In contrast, IL-4Rα-/- semi-resistant mice showed a Th1/Th2 combined response. Furthermore, macrophages from the WT mice displayed higher transcripts for Arginase-1 and RELM-α, as well as increased expression of PD-L2 with robust suppressive activity over anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated T cells; all of these features are associated with the AAM or M2 macrophage phenotype. In contrast, both the IL-4Rα-/- and LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice did not fully develop AAM or display suppressive activity over CD3/CD28 stimulated T cells, reducing PDL2 expression. Additionally, T-CD8+ but no T-CD4+ cells showed a suppressive phenotype with increased Tim-3 and PD1 expression in WT and IL-4Rα-/-, which were absent in T. crassiceps-infected LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the IL-4 signaling pathway in sustaining AAM and its suppressive activity during cysticercosis, suggesting a pivotal role for AAM in favoring susceptibility to T. crassiceps infection. Thus, the absence of these suppressor cells is one of the leading mechanisms to control experimental cysticercosis successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonadab E. Olguín
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Edmundo Corano-Arredondo
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Victoria Hernández-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Irma Rivera-Montoya
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Itzel Medina-Andrade
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Hudinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berenice Arendse
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Yu Y, Yu Y, Shi H, Liu X, Chen Z, Chen R, Ge J. Macrophage CAPN4 regulates CVB3-induced cardiac inflammation and injury by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotypic transformation to the inflammatory subtype. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:430-444. [PMID: 37660839 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the immune mechanism of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis may provide a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of macrophage CAPN4 in the phenotypic transformation of macrophages and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. We found that CAPN4 was the most upregulated subtype of the calpain family in CVB3-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and Raw 264.7 cells after CVB3 infection and was upregulated in cardiac macrophages from CVB3-infected mice. Conditional knockout of CAPN4 (CAPN4flox/flox; LYZ2-Cre, CAPN4-cKO mice) ameliorated inflammation and myocardial injury and improved cardiac function and survival after CVB3 infection. Enrichment analysis revealed that macrophage differentiation and the interleukin signaling pathway were the most predominant biological processes in macrophages after CVB3 infection. We further found that CVB3 infection and the overexpression of CAPN4 promoted macrophage M1 polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while CAPN4 knockdown reversed these changes. Correspondingly, CAPN4-cKO alleviated CVB3-induced M1 macrophage transformation and NLRP3 expression and moderately increased M2 transformation in vivo. The culture supernatant of CAPN4-overexpressing or CVB3-infected macrophages impaired cardiac fibroblast function and viability. Moreover, macrophage CAPN4 could upregulate C/EBP-homologous protein (chop) expression, which increased proinflammatory cytokine release by activating the phosphorylation of transducer of activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 3 (STAT3). Overall, these results suggest that CAPN4 increases M1-type and inhibits M2-type macrophage polarization through the chop-STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway to mediate CVB3-induced myocardial inflammation and injury. CAPN4 may be a novel target for viral myocarditis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Key Laboratory of Viral Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, China & Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200010, China
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5
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Méndez-Narváez J, Warkentin KM. Early onset of urea synthesis and ammonia detoxification pathways in three terrestrially developing frogs. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:523-543. [PMID: 37639061 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Frogs evolved terrestrial development multiple times, necessitating mechanisms to avoid ammonia toxicity at early stages. Urea synthesis from ammonia is a key adaptation that reduces water dependence after metamorphosis. We tested for early expression and plasticity of enzymatic mechanisms of ammonia detoxification in three terrestrial-breeding frogs: foam-nest-dwelling larvae of Leptodactylus fragilis (Lf) and arboreal embryos of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Hf) and Agalychnis callidryas (Ac). Activity of two ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) enzymes, arginase and CPSase, and levels of their products urea and CP in tissues were high in Lf regardless of nest hydration, but reduced in experimental low- vs. high-ammonia environments. High OUC activity in wet and dry nests, comparable to that under experimental high ammonia, suggests terrestrial Lf larvae maintain high capacity for urea excretion regardless of their immediate risk of ammonia toxicity. This may aid survival through unpredictably long waiting periods before rain enables their transition to water. Moderate levels of urea and CP were present in Hf and Ac tissues and enzymatic activities were lower than in Lf. In both species, embryos in drying clutches can hatch and enter the water early, behaviorally avoiding ammonia toxicity. Moreover, glutamine synthetase was active in early stages of all three species, condensing ammonia and glutamate to glutamine as another mechanism of detoxification. Enzyme activity appeared highest in Lf, although substrate and product levels were higher in Ac and Lf. Our results reveal that multiple biochemical mechanisms of ammonia detoxification occur in early life stages of anuran lineages that evolved terrestrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Méndez-Narváez
- Calima, Fundación para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali, Colombia.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karen M Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama
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Chen L, Zhang H, Shi H, Li Z, Xue C. Application of multi-omics combined with bioinformatics techniques to assess salinity stress response and tolerance mechanisms of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during depuration. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108779. [PMID: 37120087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Depuration is a vital stage to ensure the safety of oyster consumption, and salinity had a great impact on the environmental adaptability of oysters, but the underlying molecular mechanism was poorly understood during depuration stage. Here, Crassostrea gigas was depurated for 72 h at different salinity (26, 29, 32, 35, 38 g/L, corresponding to ±20%, ±10% salinity fluctuation away from oyster's production area) and then analyzed by using transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome combined with bioinformatics techniques. The transcriptome showed that the salinity stress led to 3185 differentially expressed genes and mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, etc. A total of 464 differentially expressed proteins were screened by the proteome, and the number of up-regulated expression proteins was less than the down-regulated, indicating that the salinity stress would affect the regulation of metabolism and immunity in oysters. 248 metabolites significantly changed in response to depuration salinity stress in oysters, including phosphate organic acids and their derivatives, lipids, etc. The results of integrated omics analysis indicated that the depuration salinity stress induced abnormal metabolism of the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), lipid metabolism, glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, ribosome, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport pathway, etc. By contrast with Pro-depuration, more radical responses were observed in the S38 group. Based on the results, we suggested that the 10% salinity fluctuation was suitable for oyster depuration and the combination of multi-omics analysis could provide a new perspective for the analysis of the mechanism changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Food and Agricultural Products Testing Agency, Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Haohao Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
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Blazer VS, Walsh HL, Sperry AJ, Raines B, Willacker JJ, Eagles-Smith CA. A multi-level assessment of biological effects associated with mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121688. [PMID: 37088253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) was measured in muscle (fillet) and liver tissue of adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu collected at multiple sites in the Potomac and Susquehanna River drainages within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Smallmouth bass in these drainages have experienced episodic mortality events, a high prevalence of skin lesions and reproductive endocrine disruption (intersex or testicular oocytes and plasma vitellogenin in males). A multi-level assessment of general and reproductive health including indicators at the organismal, organ, cellular and molecular levels was conducted on adult smallmouth bass during the spring (prespawn) season. Concentrations of THg were correlated with increased visible abnormalities, increased macrophage aggregates and tissue parasite burdens. In male bass positive correlations of THg were observed with plasma vitellogenin and hepatic transcript abundance of estrogen receptor β1 and androgen receptor α, while there was a negative association with estrogen receptors α and β2 and androgen receptors β. In female bass there was a negative correlation between THg and plasma vitellogenin as well as hepatic transcript abundance of vitellogenin, choriogenin, estrogen receptor β2 and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Associations of THg concentrations with various biological indicators suggest mercury may be an important environmental stressor contributing to the observed adverse effects in smallmouth bass populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Adam J Sperry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Brenna Raines
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - James J Willacker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Qi P, Huang M, Li T. Identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 36918848 PMCID: PMC10012314 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved supportive care, posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mortality has improved very little in recent years. Additionally, ARDS diagnosis is delayed or missed in many patients. We analyzed co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) to explore the relationships between severe trauma and ARDS to reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS. METHODS Two gene expression datasets (GSE64711 and GSE76293) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The GSE64711 dataset included a subset of 244 severely injured trauma patients and 21 healthy controls. GSE76293 specimens were collected from 12 patients with ARDS who were recruited from trauma intensive care units and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Trauma DEGs and ARDS DEGs were identified using the two datasets. Subsequently, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interaction network analyses were performed to elucidate the molecular functions of the DEGs. Then, hub genes of the co-DEGs were identified. Finally, to explore whether posttraumatic ARDS and septic ARDS are common targets, we included a third dataset (GSE100159) for corresponding verification. RESULTS 90 genes were upregulated and 48 genes were downregulated in the two datasets and were therefore named co-DEGs. These co-DEGs were significantly involved in multiple inflammation-, immunity- and neutrophil activation-related biological processes. Ten co-upregulated hub genes (GAPDH, MMP8, HGF, MAPK14, LCN2, CD163, ENO1, CD44, ARG1 and GADD45A) and five co-downregulated hub genes (HERC5, IFIT2, IFIT3, RSAD2 and IFIT1) may be considered potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS. Through the verification of the third dataset, posttraumatic ARDS may have its own unique targets worthy of further exploration. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis supports a relationship between trauma and ARDS pathophysiology, specifically in relationship to the identified hub genes. These data may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for posttraumatic ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Li M, Wang S, Kang L, Xu F, Lan X, He M, Jin K, Xia Y. Arginine metabolism governs microcycle conidiation by changing nitric oxide content in Metarhizium acridum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1257-1268. [PMID: 36640205 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcycle conidiation commonly exists in filamentous fungi and has great potential for mass production of mycoinsecticides. L-Arginine metabolism is essential for conidiation and conditional growth and virulence, but its role in microcycle conidiation has not been explored. Here, a unique putative arginase (MaAGA) was characterized in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum. Conidial germination and thermotolerance were facilitated by the disruption of MaAGA. Despite little impact on fungal growth and virulence, the disruption resulted in normal conidiation after a 60-h incubation on microcycle conidiation medium (SYA) under normal culture conditions. In the MaAGA-disruption mutant (ΔMaAGA), intracellular arginine accumulation was sharply increased. Replenishment of the direct metabolites of arginase, namely ornithine and/or urea, was unable to restore the disruption mutant's microcycle conidiation on SYA. Interestingly, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels of the ΔMaAGA strain were markedly decreased in the 60-h-old SYA cultures. Finally, adding Nω-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS, into the SYA converted the microcycle conidiation of the wild-type strain to normal conidiation. In contrast, adding sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, into the SYA recovered the mutant's microcycle conidiation. The results indicate that arginine metabolism controls microcycle conidiation by changing the content of NO. KEY POINTS: • The MaAGA-disruption led to normal conidiation on microcycle conidiation medium SYA. • Nitric oxide (NO) level of the ΔMaAGA strain was markedly decreased. • Adding an NO donor into the SYA recovered the microcycle conidiation of ΔMaAGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Li
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhong Kang
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Lan
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min He
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jin
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, 401331, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ren Y, Li Z, Li W, Fan X, Han F, Huang Y, Yu Y, Qian L, Xiong Y. Arginase: Biological and Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2419412. [PMID: 36338341 PMCID: PMC9629921 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2419412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Arginase is a ubiquitous enzyme in the urea cycle (UC) that hydrolyzes L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase1 (ARG1) and arginase2 (ARG2), play a vital role in the regulation of β-cell functions, insulin resistance (IR), and vascular complications via modulating L-arginine metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress. Basic and clinical studies reveal that abnormal alterations of arginase expression and activity are strongly associated with the onset and development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. As a result, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for DM treatment. An increasing number of arginase inhibitors, including chemical and natural inhibitors, have been developed and shown to protect against the development of DM and its complications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental features of arginase. Next, the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of arginase in the pathogenesis and progression of DM and its complications are explored. Furthermore, we review the development and discuss the challenges of arginase inhibitors in treating DM and its related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Li Z, Wang L, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu W, Lv Z, Qian L, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Arginase: shedding light on the mechanisms and opportunities in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:413. [PMID: 36209203 PMCID: PMC9547100 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginase, a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme in the urea, catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Both isoforms, arginase 1 and arginase 2 perform significant roles in the regulation of cellular functions in cardiovascular system, such as senescence, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy, via a variety of mechanisms, including regulating L-arginine metabolism and activating multiple signal pathways. Furthermore, abnormal arginase activity contributes to the initiation and progression of a variety of CVDs. Therefore, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for CVDs treatment. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biological roles of arginase in a variety of CVDs, revealing the underlying mechanisms of arginase mediating vascular and cardiac function, as well as shedding light on the novel and promising therapeutic approaches for CVDs therapy in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Shi X, Yang J, Deng S, Xu H, Wu D, Zeng Q, Wang S, Hu T, Wu F, Zhou H. TGF-β signaling in the tumor metabolic microenvironment and targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:135. [PMID: 36115986 PMCID: PMC9482317 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in the late stages of cancer. Once cancer cells are generated, TGF-β signaling is responsible for the orchestration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and supports cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. These progressive behaviors are driven by an “engine” of the metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Recent studies have revealed that TGF-β signaling regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and is a metabolic driver in the tumor metabolic microenvironment (TMME). Intriguingly, TGF-β ligands act as an “endocrine” cytokine and influence host metabolism. Therefore, having insight into the role of TGF-β signaling in the TMME is instrumental for acknowledging its wide range of effects and designing new cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we try to illustrate the concise definition of TMME based on the published literature. Then, we review the metabolic reprogramming in the TMME and elaborate on the contribution of TGF-β to metabolic rewiring at the cellular (intracellular), tissular (intercellular), and organismal (cancer-host) levels. Furthermore, we propose three potential applications of targeting TGF-β-dependent mechanism reprogramming, paving the way for TGF-β-related antitumor therapy from the perspective of metabolism.
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13
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Kotlyarov S. Immune Function of Endothelial Cells: Evolutionary Aspects, Molecular Biology and Role in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179770. [PMID: 36077168 PMCID: PMC9456046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the key problems of modern medicine, which is due to the high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their significant share in the structure of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Atherogenesis is a complex chain of events that proceeds over many years in the vascular wall with the participation of various cells. Endothelial cells are key participants in vascular function. They demonstrate involvement in the regulation of vascular hemodynamics, metabolism, and innate immunity, which act as leading links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These endothelial functions have close connections and deep evolutionary roots, a better understanding of which will improve the prospects of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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14
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Westhaver LP, Nersesian S, Nelson A, MacLean LK, Carter EB, Rowter D, Wang J, Gala-Lopez BL, Stadnyk AW, Johnston B, Boudreau JE. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns trigger arginase-dependent lymphocyte immunoregulation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110847. [PMID: 35613582 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage leads to loss of cellular and mitochondrial membrane integrity and release of damage-associated molecular patterns, including those of mitochondrial origin (mitoDAMPs). Here, we describe the lymphocyte response to mitoDAMPs. Using primary cells from mice and human donors, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and T cells adopt regulatory phenotypes and functions in response to mitoDAMPs. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, T cell proliferation, and in vivo anti-viral T cell activation are all interrupted in the presence of mitoDAMPs or mitoDAMP-rich irradiated cells in in vitro and in vivo assays. Mass spectrometry analysis of mitoDAMPs demonstrates that arginase and products of its enzymatic activity are prevalent in mitoDAMP preparations. Functional validation by arginase inhibition and/or arginine add-back shows that arginine depletion is responsible for the alteration in immunologic polarity. We conclude that lymphocyte responses to mitoDAMPs reflect a highly conserved mechanism that regulates inflammation in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Leah K MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Derek Rowter
- CORES Facility, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Boris L Gala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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15
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Yang B, Ryu JS, Rim C, Shin JU, Kwon MS. Possible role of arginase 1 positive microglia on depressive/anxiety-like behaviors in atopic dermatitis mouse model. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:11-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Banerjee B, Khrystoforova I, Polis B, Zvi IB, Karasik D. Acute hypoxia elevates arginase 2 and induces polyamine stress response in zebrafish via evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:41. [PMID: 34913090 PMCID: PMC11072480 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms repeatedly encounter stressful events and apply various strategies to survive. Polyamines are omnipresent bioactive molecules with multiple functions. Their transient synthesis, inducible by numerous stressful stimuli, is termed the polyamine stress response. Animals developed evolutionarily conserved strategies to cope with stresses. The urea cycle is an ancient attribute that deals with ammonia excess in terrestrial species. Remarkably, most fish retain the urea cycle genes fully expressed during the early stages of development and silenced in adult animals. Environmental challenges instigate urea synthesis in fish despite substantial energetic costs, which poses the question of the urea cycle's evolutionary significance. Arginase plays a critical role in oxidative stress-dependent reactions being the final urea cycle enzyme. Its unique subcellular localization, high inducibility, and several regulation levels provide a supreme ability to control the polyamine synthesis rate. Notably, oxidative stress instigates the arginase-1 activity in mammals. Arginase is also dysregulated in aging organisms' brain and muscle tissues, indicating its role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases. We designed a study to investigate the levels of the urea cycle and polyamine synthesis-related enzymes in a fish model of acute hypoxia. We evidence synchronized elevation of arginase-2 and ornithine decarboxylase following oxidative stress in adult fish and aging animals signifying the specific function of arginase-2 in fish. Moreover, we demonstrate oxidative stress-associated polyamine synthesis' induction and urea cycle' arrest in adult fish. The subcellular arginase localization found in the fish seems to correspond to its possible evolutionary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baruh Polis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Inbar Ben Zvi
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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17
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Szondi DC, Wong JK, Vardy LA, Cruickshank SM. Arginase Signalling as a Key Player in Chronic Wound Pathophysiology and Healing. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:773866. [PMID: 34778380 PMCID: PMC8589187 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.773866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase (ARG) represents an important evolutionarily conserved enzyme that is expressed by multiple cell types in the skin. Arg acts as the mediator of the last step of the urea cycle, thus providing protection against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions through the production of L-ornithine and urea. L-ornithine represents the intersection point between the ARG-dependent pathways and the urea cycle, therefore contributing to cell detoxification, proliferation and collagen production. The ARG pathways help balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of wound healing. However, local and systemic dysfunctionalities of the ARG pathways have been shown to contribute to the hindrance of the healing process and the occurrence of chronic wounds. This review discusses the functions of ARG in macrophages and fibroblasts while detailing the deleterious implications of a malfunctioning ARG enzyme in chronic skin conditions such as leg ulcers. The review also highlights how ARG links with the microbiota and how this impacts on infected chronic wounds. Lastly, the review depicts chronic wound treatments targeting the ARG pathway, alongside future diagnosis and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis C Szondi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Kramer J, Neves J, Koniikusic M, Jasper H, Lamba DA. Dpp/TGFβ-superfamily play a dual conserved role in mediating the damage response in the retina. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258872. [PMID: 34699550 PMCID: PMC8547621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal homeostasis relies on intricate coordination of cell death and survival in response to stress and damage. Signaling mechanisms that coordinate this process in the adult retina remain poorly understood. Here we identify Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signaling in Drosophila and its mammalian homologue Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily, that includes TGFβ and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling arms, as central mediators of retinal neuronal death and tissue survival following acute damage. Using a Drosophila model for UV-induced retinal damage, we show that Dpp released from immune cells promotes tissue loss after UV-induced retinal damage. Interestingly, we find a dynamic response of retinal cells to this signal: in an early phase, Dpp-mediated stimulation of Saxophone/Smox signaling promotes apoptosis, while at a later stage, stimulation of the Thickveins/Mad axis promotes tissue repair and survival. This dual role is conserved in the mammalian retina through the TGFβ/BMP signaling, as supplementation of BMP4 or inhibition of TGFβ using small molecules promotes retinal cell survival, while inhibition of BMP negatively affects cell survival after light-induced photoreceptor damage and NMDA induced inner retinal neuronal damage. Our data identify key evolutionarily conserved mechanisms by which retinal homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Joana Neves
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mia Koniikusic
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Deepak A. Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
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19
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Wang Q, Xu Z, Ai Q. Arginine metabolism and its functions in growth, nutrient utilization, and immunonutrition of fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:716-727. [PMID: 34466676 PMCID: PMC8379419 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish have limited ability in endogenous biosynthesis of arginine. Arginine is an indispensable amino acid for fish, and the arginine requirement varies with fish species and fish size. Recent studies on fish have demonstrated that arginine influences nutrient metabolism, stimulates insulin release, is involved in nonspecific immune responses and antioxidant responses, and elevates disease resistance. Specifically, arginine can regulate energy homeostasis via modulating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and also regulate protein synthesis via activating the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. The present article reviews pertinent knowledge of arginine in fish, including dietary quantitative requirements, endogenous anabolism and catabolism, regulation of the endocrine and metabolic systems, and immune-regulatory functions under pathogenic challenge. Our findings showed that further data about the distribution of arginine after intake into specific cells, its sub-cellular sensor to initiate downstream signaling pathways, and its effects on fish mucosal immunity, especially the adaptive immune response against pathogenic infection in different species, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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20
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Arginine depriving enzymes: applications as emerging therapeutics in cancer treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:565-594. [PMID: 34309734 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy and other medications are employed to treat various types of cancer. However, each treatment has its own set of side effects, owing to its low specificity. As a result, there is an urgent need for newer therapeutics that do not disrupt healthy cells' normal functioning. Depriving nutrient or non/semi-essential amino acids to which cancerous cells are auxotrophic remains one such promising anticancer strategy. L-Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential vital amino acid involved in versatile metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and cancer cell proliferation. Hence, the administration of Arg depriving enzymes (ADE) such as arginase, arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and arginine deiminase (ADI) could be effective in cancer therapy. The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT). These therapeutic enzyme treatments induce cell death through inducing autophagy, apoptosis, generation of oxidative species, i.e., oxidative stress, and arresting the progression and expansion of cancerous cells at certain cell cycle checkpoints. The enzymes are undergoing clinical trials and could be successfully exploited as potential anticancer agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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21
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Dolmatova LS, Ulanova OA, Timchenko NF. Effect of a Heat-Stable Toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the Functional and Phenotypic Traits of Two Types of Phagocytes in the Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Amino acid metabolism and signalling pathways: potential targets in the control of infection and immunity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1319-1327. [PMID: 34163018 PMCID: PMC8220356 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defences to pathogens such as SarCoV2 in mammals involves interactions between immune functions and metabolic pathways to eradicate infection while preventing hyperinflammation. Amino acid metabolic pathways represent with other antimicrobial agent potential targets for therapeutic strategies. iNOS-mediated production of NO from Arg is involved in the innate inflammatory response to pathogens and NO overproduction can induce hyperinflammation. The two Arg- and Trp-catabolising enzymes Arg1 and IDO1 reduce the hyperinflammation by an immunosuppressive effect via either Arg starvation (for Arg1) or via the immunoregulatory activity of the Trp-derived metabolites Kyn (for IDO1). In response to amino acid abundance mTOR activates the host protein translation and Coronaviruses use this machinery for their own protein synthesis and replication. In contrast GCN2, the sensor of amino acid starvation, activates pathways that restrict inflammation and viral replication. Gln depletion alters the immune response that become more suppressive, by favouring a regulatory T phenotype rather than a Th1 phenotype. Proliferating activated immune cells are highly dependent on Ser, activation and differentiation of T cells need enough Ser and dietary Ser restriction can inhibit their proliferation. Cys is strictly required for T-cell proliferation because they cannot convert Met to Cys. Restricting Met inhibits both viral RNA cap methylation and replication, and the proliferation of infected cells with an increased requirement for Met. Phe catabolism produces antimicrobial metabolites resulting in the inhibition of microbial growth and an immunosuppressive activity towards T lymphocytes.
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23
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Tomé D. Amino acid metabolism and signalling pathways: potential targets in the control of infection and immunity. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 34168115 PMCID: PMC8223530 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defences to pathogens such as SarCoV2 in mammals involves interactions between immune functions and metabolic pathways to eradicate infection while preventing hyperinflammation. Amino acid metabolic pathways represent with other antimicrobial agent potential targets for therapeutic strategies. iNOS-mediated production of NO from Arg is involved in the innate inflammatory response to pathogens and NO overproduction can induce hyperinflammation. The two Arg-catabolising enzymes Arg1 and IDO1 reduce the hyperinflammation by an immunosuppressive effect via either Arg starvation (for Arg1) or via the immunoregulatory activity of the Arg-derived metabolites Kyn (for IDO1). In response to amino acid abundance mTOR activates the host protein translation and Coronaviruses use this machinery for their own protein synthesis and replication. In contrast GCN2, the sensor of amino acid starvation, activates pathways that restrict inflammation and viral replication. Gln depletion alters the immune response that become more suppressive, by favouring a regulatory T phenotype rather than a Th1 phenotype. Proliferating activated immune cells are highly dependent on Ser, activation and differentiation of T cells need enough Ser and dietary Ser restriction can inhibit their proliferation. Cys is strictly required for T-cell proliferation because they cannot convert Met to Cys. Restricting Met inhibits both viral RNA cap methylation and replication, and the proliferation of infected cells with an increased requirement for Met. Phe catabolism produces antimicrobial metabolites resulting in the inhibition of microbial growth and an immunosuppressive activity towards T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tomé
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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24
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Li Y, Dong M, Wang Q, Kumar S, Zhang R, Cheng W, Xiang J, Wang G, Ouyang K, Zhou R, Xie Y, Lu Y, Yi J, Duan H, Liu J. HIMF deletion ameliorates acute myocardial ischemic injury by promoting macrophage transformation to reparative subtype. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:30. [PMID: 33893593 PMCID: PMC8064941 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Appropriately manipulating macrophage M1/M2 phenotypic transition is a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue repair after myocardial infarction (MI). Here we showed that gene ablation of hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) in mice (Himf−/− and HIMFflox/flox;Lyz2-Cre) attenuated M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory response and promoted M2 macrophage accumulation in infarcted hearts. This in turn reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function after MI. Correspondingly, expression of HIMF in macrophages induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; the culturing medium of HIMF-overexpressing macrophages impaired the cardiac fibroblast viability and function. Furthermore, macrophage HIMF was found to up-regulate C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression, which exaggerated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via activating signal transducer of activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 3 (STAT3) signaling. Together these data suggested that HIMF promotes M1-type and prohibits M2-type macrophage polarization by activating the CHOP–STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway to negatively regulate myocardial repair. HIMF might thus constitute a novel target to treat MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Min Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wanwen Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 51055, China
| | - Ruxing Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yaohong Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yishen Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haixia Duan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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25
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Polis B, Karasik D, Samson AO. Alzheimer's disease as a chronic maladaptive polyamine stress response. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10770-10795. [PMID: 33811757 PMCID: PMC8064158 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are nitrogen-rich polycationic ubiquitous bioactive molecules with diverse evolutionary-conserved functions. Their activity interferes with numerous genes' expression resulting in cell proliferation and signaling modulation. The intracellular levels of polyamines are precisely controlled by an evolutionary-conserved machinery. Their transient synthesis is induced by heat stress, radiation, and other traumatic stimuli in a process termed the polyamine stress response (PSR). Notably, polyamine levels decline gradually with age; and external supplementation improves lifespan in model organisms. This corresponds to cytoprotective and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of polyamines. Paradoxically, age-associated neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by upsurge in polyamines levels, indicating polyamine pleiotropic, adaptive, and pathogenic roles. Specifically, arginase overactivation and arginine brain deprivation have been shown to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we assert that a universal short-term PSR associated with acute stimuli is beneficial for survival. However, it becomes detrimental and maladaptive following chronic noxious stimuli, especially in an aging organism. Furthermore, we regard cellular senescence as an adaptive response to stress and suggest that PSR plays a central role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis. Our perspective on AD proposes an inclusive reassessment of the causal relationships between the classical hallmarks and clinical manifestation. Consequently, we offer a novel treatment strategy predicated upon this view and suggest fine-tuning of arginase activity with natural inhibitors to preclude or halt the development of AD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02131, USA
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
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26
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Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073687. [PMID: 33916228 PMCID: PMC8037997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.
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27
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Clemente GS, Antunes IF, Kurhade S, van den Berg MPM, Sijbesma JWA, van Waarde A, Buijsman RC, Willemsen-Seegers N, Gosens R, Meurs H, Dömling A, Elsinga PH. Mapping Arginase Expression with 18F-Fluorinated Late-Generation Arginase Inhibitors Derived from Quaternary α-Amino Acids. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1163-1170. [PMID: 33712529 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase hydrolyzes L-arginine and influences levels of polyamines and nitric oxide. Arginase overexpression is associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. Thus, radiolabeled arginase inhibitors may be suitable PET tracers for staging arginase-related pathophysiologies. We report the synthesis and evaluation of 2 radiolabeled arginase inhibitors, 18F-FMARS and 18F-FBMARS, developed from α-substituted-2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid derivatives. Methods: Arylboronic ester-derived precursors were radiolabeled via copper-mediated fluorodeboronation. Binding assays using arginase-expressing PC3 and LNCaP cells were performed. Autoradiography of lung sections from a guinea pig model of asthma overexpressing arginase and dynamic small-animal PET imaging with PC3-xenografted mice evaluated the radiotracers' specific binding and pharmacokinetics. Results: 18F-fluorinated compounds were obtained with radiochemical yields of up to 5% (decay-corrected) and an average molar activity of 53 GBq⋅μmol-1 Cell and lung section experiments indicated specific binding that was blocked up to 75% after pretreatment with arginase inhibitors. Small-animal PET studies indicated fast clearance of the radiotracers (7.3 ± 0.6 min), arginase-mediated uptake, and a selective tumor accumulation (SUV, 3.0 ± 0.7). Conclusion: The new 18F-fluorinated arginase inhibitors have the potential to map increased arginase expression related to inflammatory and tumorigenic processes. 18F-FBMARS showed the highest arginase-mediated uptake in PET imaging and a significant difference between uptake in control and arginase-inhibited PC3 xenografted mice. These results encourage further research to examine the suitability of 18F-FBMARS for selecting patients for treatments with arginase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inês F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Santosh Kurhade
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jürgen W A Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier C Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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28
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Pinto-Souza CC, Coeli-Lacchini F, Luizon MR, Cavalli RC, Lacchini R, Sandrim VC. Effects of arginase genetic polymorphisms on nitric oxide formation in healthy pregnancy and in preeclampsia. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:20-25. [PMID: 33676021 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preeclampsia is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Arginase is related to NO synthesis, but relatively unexplored in preeclampsia. However, no previous study has examined whether variations in ARG1 and ARG2 genes affect NO bioavailability and the risk of preeclampsia. Here, we compared the alleles and genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARG1 (rs2781659; rs2781667; rs2246012; rs17599586) and ARG2 (rs3742879; rs10483801) in healthy pregnant women and preeclampsia, and examined whether these SNPs affect plasma nitrite concentrations (a marker of NO formation) in these groups. METHODS Genotypes for the ARG1 and ARG2 SNPs were determined by Taqman probe and plasma nitrite by an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay. RESULTS Regarding ARG1 SNPs, the GG genotype and G allele frequencies for rs2781659, and the C allele frequencies for rs2246012 were higher in preeclampsia compared to healthy pregnant women. Moreover, the GG genotype for rs2781659 and the TT genotype for rs2781667 were associated with higher plasma nitrite in healthy pregnant. We found no association of ARG2 polymorphisms with preeclampsia or nitrite levels in the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs of ARG1 increase the risk of preeclampsia and modulate plasma nitrite levels in healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Pinto-Souza
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coeli-Lacchini
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Sandrim
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil.
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29
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TGF-β in Cancer: Metabolic Driver of the Tolerogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030401. [PMID: 33499083 PMCID: PMC7865468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tumor immunosuppression still represents one ambitious achievement for cancer immunotherapy. Of note, the cytokine TGF-β contributes to immune evasion in multiple cancer types, by feeding the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the host. Indeed, it fosters the expansion and accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it also activates resident stromal cells and enhances angiogenesis programs. More recently, TGF-β has also turned out as a key metabolic adjuster in tumors orchestrating metabolic pathways in the TME. In this review, we will scrutinize TGF-β-mediated immune and stromal cell crosstalk within the TME, with a primary focus on metabolic programs.
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30
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Siddappa S, Marathe GK. What we know about plant arginases? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:600-610. [PMID: 33069114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the essential element required for plant growth and development. In plants, most of the nitrogen is stored in arginine. Hence, metabolism of arginine to urea by arginase and its further hydrolysis to ammonia by urease is involved in nitrogen recycling to meet the metabolic demands of growing plants. In this respect, plant arginases differ from that of animals. Animals excrete urea while plants recycle the urea. However, the studies on the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of plant arginase are limited when compared to animal arginase(s). In this review, the structural and biochemical characteristics of various plant arginases are discussed. Moreover, the significance of arginase in nitrogen recycling is explained and recent literature on function and activation of plant arginases in response to various environmental (biotic and abiotic) insults is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Siddappa
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India.
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31
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Amino Acid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Friend or Foe? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091280. [PMID: 32899743 PMCID: PMC7563518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy sustained by autoimmune responses. We examine here the current knowledge of tryptophan and arginine metabolisms and the main immunoregulatory pathways in amino acid catabolism, in both RA patients and experimental models of arthritis. We found that l-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and, in particular, the kynurenine pathway would exert protective effects in all experimental models and in some, but not all, RA patients, possibly due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway). The function, i.e., either protective or pathogenetic, of the l-arginine (Arg) metabolism in RA was less clear. In fact, although immunoregulatory arginase 1 (ARG1) was highly induced at the synovial level in RA patients, its true functional role is still unknown, possibly because of few available preclinical data. Therefore, our analysis would indicate that amino acid metabolism represents a fruitful area of research for new drug targets for a more effective and safe therapy of RA and that further studies are demanding to pursue such an important objective.
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32
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Abd El-Aleem SA, Abd-Elghany MI, Ali Saber E, Jude EB, Djouhri L. A possible role for inducible arginase isoform (AI) in the pathogenesis of chronic venous leg ulcer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9974-9991. [PMID: 32458472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic venous ulcer (CVU) is a major cause of chronic wounds of lower extremities and presents a significant financial and resource burden to health care systems worldwide. Defects in the vasculature, matrix deposition, and re-epithelialization are the main histopathological changes believed to impede healing. Supplementation of the amino acid arginine that plays a crucial role in the interactions that occur during inflammation and wound healing was proven clinically to improve acute wound healing probably through enhancing activity of inducible arginase (AI) locally in the wounds. However, the possible mechanism of arginine action and the potential beneficial effects of AI/arginine in human chronic wounds remain unclear. In the present study, using biopsies, taken under local anesthesia, from adult patients (n = 12, mean age 55 years old) with CVUs in lower extremities, we investigated the correlation between AI distribution in CVUs and the histopathological changes, mainly proliferative and vascular changes. Our results show a distinct spatial distribution of AI along the ulcer in the epidermis and in the dermis with the highest level of expression being at the ulcer edge and the least expression towards the ulcer base. The AI cellular immunoreactivity, enzymatic activity, and protein levels were significantly increased towards the ulcer edge. Interestingly, a similar pattern of expression was encountered in the proliferative and the vascular changes with strong correlations between AI and the proliferative activity and vascular changes. Furthermore, AI cellular distribution was associated with increased proliferative activity, inflammation, and vascular changes. Our findings of differential expression of AI along the CVU base, edge, and nearby surrounding skin and its associations with increased proliferative activity and vascular changes provide further support to the AI implication in CVU pathogenesis. The presence of high levels of AI in the epidermis of chronic wounds may serve as a molecular marker of impaired healing and may provide future targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Histology and cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Histology, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Edward B Jude
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Mosayebzadeh Roshan H, Abtahi-Eivary SH, Shojaee-Mend H, Mohammadzadeh A, Bahari Sani Z. The Effects of WW2/WW3 Domains of Smurf2 Molecule on CD4+CD25+/CD4+ Proportion in Spleen of 4T1 Tumor Bearing BALB/c Mice. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:214-9. [PMID: 32306719 PMCID: PMC7275819 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.4.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: TGF-β has long been considered as the main inducer of Tregs in tumor microenvironment and is the reason for the aberrant number of Tregs in tumor-bearing individuals. Recently, it has been suggested that the enzyme arginase I is able to mediate the induction of Tregs in a TGF-β-independent fashion. The recombinant WW2/WW3 domains from Smurf2 molecule was demonstrated to increase TGF-β signaling while reducing arginase I gene expression. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of this recombinant protein on CD4+CD25+/CD4+ proportion in the spleen of 4T1 mammary carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD4+CD25+ spleen cell populations of the tumor-bearing mice that received WW2/WW3 protein treatment and those of the control group. Results: The results indicated a significant rise in CD4+CD25+/CD4+ ratio, along with an average increase in tumor mass of the subjects that underwent protein treatment. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the heightened CD4+CD25+/CD4+ proportion in the spleen of protein-treated tumor-bearing mice can be the result of the increased TGF-β signaling despite the reduced arginase I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Mosayebzadeh Roshan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Shojaee-Mend
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari Sani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Fouda AY, Eldahshan W, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase Pathway in Acute Retina and Brain Injury: Therapeutic Opportunities and Unexplored Avenues. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:277. [PMID: 32256357 PMCID: PMC7090321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), acute glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and central (or branch) retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). These conditions share in common a period of ischemia or reduced blood supply to the retinal tissue that eventually leads to neuronal degeneration. Similarly, acute brain injury from ischemia or trauma leads to neurodegeneration and can have devastating consequences in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). In all of these conditions, current treatment strategies are limited by their lack of effectiveness, adverse effects or short time window for administration. Therefore, there is a great need to identify new therapies for acute central nervous system (CNS) injury. In this brief review article, we focus on the pathway of the arginase enzyme as a novel therapeutic target for acute CNS injury. We review the recent work on the role of arginase enzyme and its downstream components in neuroprotection in both retina and brain acute injury models. Delineating the similarities and differences between the role of arginase in the retina and brain neurodegeneration will allow for better understanding of the role of arginase in CNS disorders. This will also facilitate repurposing the arginase pathway as a new therapeutic target in both retina and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - R William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Dolmatova LS, Dolmatov IY. Different Macrophage Type Triggering as Target of the Action of Biologically Active Substances from Marine Invertebrates. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E37. [PMID: 31906518 PMCID: PMC7024355 DOI: 10.3390/md18010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a fundamental role in the immune system. Depending on the microenvironment stimuli, macrophages can acquire distinct phenotypes characterized with different sets of the markers of their functional activities. Polarization of macrophages towards M1 type (classical activation) is involved in inflammation and the related progression of diseases, while, in contrast, alternatively activated M2 macrophages are associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Reprogramming macrophages to switch their phenotypes could provide a new therapeutic strategy, and targeting the M1/M2 macrophage balance is a promising current trend in pharmacology. Marine invertebrates are a vast source of the variety of structurally diverse compounds with potent pharmacological activities. For years, a large number of studies concerning the immunomodulatory properties of the marine substances have been run with using some intracellular markers of immune stimulation or suppression irrespective of the possible application of marine compounds in reprogramming of macrophage activation, and only few reports clearly demonstrated the macrophage-polarizing activities of some marine compounds during the last decade. In this review, the data on the immunomodulating effects of the extracts and pure compounds of a variety of chemical structure from species of different classes of marine invertebrates are described with focus on their potential in shifting M1/M2 macrophage balance towards M1 or M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila S. Dolmatova
- V.I. Il‘ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baltiyskaya 43, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Yu. Dolmatov
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
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Canè S, Bronte V. Detection and functional evaluation of arginase-1 isolated from human PMNs and murine MDSC. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:193-213. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by improving mitochondrial function in tubular epithelial cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31285429 PMCID: PMC6802630 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was shown to attenuate overt as well as early diabetic nephropathy in rodents, but the underlying mechanism of this beneficial effect is largely unknown. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are major pathogenic factors in diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we found that the repeated administration of MSCs prevents albuminuria and injury to tubular epithelial cells (TECs), an important element in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, by improving mitochondrial function. The expression of M1 macrophage markers was significantly increased in diabetic kidneys compared with that in control kidneys. Interestingly, the expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), an important M2 macrophage marker, was reduced in diabetic kidneys and increased by MSC treatment. In cultured TECs, conditioned media from lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages reduced peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (Pgc1a) expression and impaired mitochondrial function. The coculture of macrophages with MSCs increased and decreased the expression of Arg1 and M1 markers, respectively. Treatment with conditioned media from cocultured macrophages prevented activated macrophage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs. In the absence of MSC coculture, Arg1 overexpression in macrophages reversed Pgc1a suppression in TECs. These observations suggest that MSCs prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in TECs via the induction of Arg1 in macrophages. Stem cells can halt the progression of kidney damage owing to diabetes by reducing inflammation and improving energy production in kidney cells. Eun Hee Koh at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues found that adult stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from human umbilical cord blood had a protective effect on the kidneys of diabetic mice. Repeated administration of MSCs prevented the recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells into the kidney and increased the levels of arginase-1, a marker of cells with anti-inflammatory activity. Experiments in cells showed that MSCs stimulated the production of arginase-1 in that, in turn, were able to increase the production and activity of mitochondria in kidney cells. This study confirms an important role for MSCs in organ repair.
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Santiago-Olivares C, Rivera-Toledo E, Gómez B. Nitric oxide production is downregulated during respiratory syncytial virus persistence by constitutive expression of arginase 1. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2231-2241. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abd El-Aleem SA, Abdelwahab S, Am-Sherief H, Sayed A. Cellular and physiological upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase, and inducible cyclooxygenase in wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23618-23632. [PMID: 31161614 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound repair is regulated by overlapping cellular, physiological and biochemical events. Prostaglandins and nitric oxide have been a focus for inflammation research particularly since the discovery of their inducible isoforms nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Study of the cellular expression of iNOS and COX-2 and arginase which competes with iNOS for its substrate, in an in vivo model of wound healing could reveal important roles for these enzymes in the physiological progression of wound repair. Adult male rats received full thickness dermal wounds which were harvested at different times. Protein levels and activities of the enzymes were assessed by western blot and biochemical assays respectively. The cellular distribution and the colocalization were assessed by immunostaining. The protein levels and activities of iNOS, arginase, and COX-2 increased only during the inflammatory phase of wound. Immunocytochemistry showed that the three enzymes were coexpressed and the main cellular source was inflammatory cells mainly macrophages. iNOS was induced at the wound site and was the earliest to increase significantly (p < 0.05) for only up to 3 days postwounding. However, arginase and COX-2 significant ( p < 0.05) upregulation started at a later time points and continued for up to 14 days postwounding. Therefore iNOS, compared with arginase and COX-2, showed a temporal difference in expression during wound healing which could be explained by their products being required at different stages of the healing process. The coordinated expression of the three enzymes at different time points could account for the physiological progression of the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Soha Abdelwahab
- Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Histology, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany Am-Sherief
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed
- Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Quinn SM, Cunningham K, Raverdeau M, Walsh RJ, Curham L, Malara A, Mills KHG. Anti-inflammatory Trained Immunity Mediated by Helminth Products Attenuates the Induction of T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1109. [PMID: 31178861 PMCID: PMC6537856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the innate immune system can display characteristics of immunological memory and this has been called “innate immune memory” or “trained immunity.” Certain fungal products have been shown to induce epigenetic imprinting on monocytes/macrophages that results in heightened inflammatory responses to subsequent stimuli. Here we report that innate immune cells can be trained to be more anti-inflammatory following exposure to products of a helminth pathogen. Macrophages trained in vitro with Fasciola hepatica total extract (FHTE) had enhanced IL-10 and IL-1RA, but reduced TNF production upon re-stimulation with FHTE or TLR ligands and this was reversed by inhibitors of DNA methylation. In contrast, macrophages trained with β-glucan or Bacillus Calmette–Guérin had enhanced TNF production upon re-stimulation with Pam3cys or LPS. Furthermore, FHTE-trained macrophages had enhanced expression of markers of alternative activated macrophages (AAM). Macrophages from mice treated with FHTE expressed markers of AAM and had heightened IL-10 and IL-1RA production in response to FHTE or TLR ligands and had suppressed TNF and IL-12p40 production. Macrophages from mice treated with FHTE had reduced APC function and inhibited IL-17 production and the encephalitogenic activity of T cells in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. In addition, mice pre-treated with FHTE were resistant to induction of EAE and this was associated with a significant reduction in IL-17-producing γδ and CD4 T cells infiltrating the CNS. Our findings reveal that cells of the innate immune system can be trained in vitro or in vivo to be more anti-inflammatory by exposure to helminth products and this protects mice against the induction of a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Quinn
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kyle Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert J Walsh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy Curham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Malara
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Application of CNTF or FGF-2 increases the number of M2-like macrophages after optic nerve injury in adult Rana pipiens. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209733. [PMID: 31048836 PMCID: PMC6507305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a single application of the growth factors ciliary
neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) to the crushed
optic nerve of the frog, Rana pipiens, increases the numbers
and elongation rate of regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons. Here we
investigate the effects of these factors on the numbers and types of macrophages
that invade the regeneration zone. In control PBS-treated nerves, many
macrophages are present 100 μm distal to the crush site at 1 week after injury;
their numbers halve by 2 weeks. A single application of CNTF at the time of
injury triples the numbers of macrophages at 1 week, with this increase compared
to control being maintained at 2 weeks. Application of FGF-2 is equally
effective at 1 week, but the macrophage numbers have fallen to control levels at
2 weeks. Immunostaining with a pan-macrophage marker, ED1, and a marker for
M2-like macrophages, Arg-1, showed that the proportion of the putative M2
phenotype remained at approximately 80% with all treatments. Electron microscopy
of the macrophages at 1 week shows strong phagocytic activity with all
treatments, with many vacuoles containing axon fragments and membrane debris. At
2 weeks with PBS or FGF-2 treatment the remaining macrophages are less
phagocytically active, containing mainly lipid inclusions. With CNTF treatment,
at 2 weeks many of the more numerous macrophages are still phagocytosing axonal
debris, although they also contain lipid inclusions. We conclude that the
increase in macrophage influx seen after growth factor application is beneficial
for the regenerating axons, probably due to more extensive removal of
degenerating distal axons, but also perhaps to secretion of growth-promoting
substances.
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Yin C, Han Q, Xu D, Zheng B, Zhao X, Zhang J. SALL4-mediated upregulation of exosomal miR-146a-5p drives T-cell exhaustion by M2 tumor-associated macrophages in HCC. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1601479. [PMID: 31143524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1601479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cell-derived exosomes contribute to cancer progression through the modulation of tumor microenvironment, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-derived exosomes could remodel macrophages by activating NF-κB signaling and inducing pro-inflammatory factors, and resulted in M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α was inhibited, while the expression of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 was upregulated in T cells by HCC-derived exosome educated macrophages. Data also revealed that HCC exosomes were enriched with miR-146a-5p and promoted M2-polarization. Further investigation demonstrated that the transcription factor Sal-like protein-4 (SALL4) was critical for regulating miR-146a-5p in HCC exosomes and M2-polarization. Mechanistically, SALL4 could bind to the promoter of miR-146a-5p, and directly controlled its expression in exosomes. Blocking the SALL4/miR-146a-5p interaction in HCC reduced the expression of inhibitory receptors on T cells, reversed T cell exhaustion, and delayed HCC progression in DEN/CCL4-induced HCC mice. In conclusion, identification of a role of the exosomal SALL4/miR-146a-5p regulatory axis in M2-polarization as well as HCC progression provides potential targets for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Yin
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingqing Zheng
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Mondanelli G, Iacono A, Carvalho A, Orabona C, Volpi C, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Esposito S, Grohmann U. Amino acid metabolism as drug target in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:334-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shrivastava R, Shukla N. Attributes of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Life Sci 2019; 224:222-231. [PMID: 30928403 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of innate immunity and are derived from circulating monocytes and embryonic yolk sac. They exhibit high plasticity and polarize functionally in response to stimulus triggering it into classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. This review summarizes markers of M2 macrophages like transmembrane surface receptors and signaling cascades initiated on their activation; cytokine and chemokine repertoires along with their receptors; and genetic markers and their involvement in immunomodulation. The detailed discussion emphasizes the role of these markers in imparting functional benefits to this subset of macrophages which define their venture in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
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The TRPC6 inhibitor, larixyl acetate, is effective in protecting against traumatic brain injury-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:21. [PMID: 30704505 PMCID: PMC6354413 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) is on the rise in the USA. Concussions, or mild TBIs without skull fracture, account for about 75% of all TBIs. Mild TBIs (mTBIs) lead to memory and cognitive deficits, headaches, intraocular pressure rises, axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and an array of cerebrovascular dysfunctions, including increased vascular permeability and decreased cerebral blood flow. It has been recently reported that besides vascular dysfunction in the cerebral circulation, mTBI may also cause a significant impairment of endothelial function in the systemic circulation, at least within mesenteric microvessels. In this study, we investigated whether mTBI affects endothelial function in aortas and determined the contribution of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels to modulating mTBI-associated endothelial dysfunction. Methods We used a model of closed-head mTBI in C57BL/6, 129S, 129S-C57BL/6-F2 mice, and 129S-TRPC1 and 129S-C57BL/6-TRPC6 knockout mice to determine the effect of mTBI on endothelial function in mouse aortas employing ex vivo isometric tension measurements. Aortic tissue was also analyzed using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR for TRPC6 expression following mTBI. Results We show that in various strains of mice, mTBI induces a pronounced and long-lasting endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. Ablation of TRPC6 protects mice from mTBI-associated aortic endothelial dysfunction, while TRPC1 ablation does not impact brain injury-induced endothelial impairment in the aorta. Consistent with a role of TRPC6 activation following mTBI, we observed improved endothelial function in wild type control mice subjected to mTBI following 7-day in vivo treatment with larixyl acetate, an inhibitor of TRPC6 channels. Conversely, in vitro treatment with the pro-inflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, which activates endothelial TRPC6 in a Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner, worsened aortic endothelial dysfunction in wild type mice. Lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro failed to elicit endothelial dysfunction in TRPC6 knockout mice. No change in endothelial TRPC6 expression was observed 7 days following TBI. Conclusions These data suggest that TRPC6 activation may be critical for inducing endothelial dysfunction following closed-head mTBI and that pharmacological inhibition of the channel may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for preventing mTBI-associated systemic endothelial dysfunction.
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Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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47
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Glueck B, Han Y, Cresci GAM. Tributyrin Supplementation Protects Immune Responses and Vasculature and Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Proximal Colon of Mice Exposed to Chronic-Binge Ethanol Feeding. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9671919. [PMID: 30211234 PMCID: PMC6120279 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9671919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption causes adverse effects and contributes to organ dysfunction. Ethanol metabolism triggers oxidative stress, altered immune function, and gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome is known to contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and disturbances are associated with pathology. A consequence of gut dysbiosis is also alterations in its metabolic and fermentation byproducts. The gut microbiota ferments undigested dietary polysaccharides to yield short-chain fatty acids, predominantly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate has many biological mechanisms of action including anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective effects, and its depletion is associated with intestinal injury. We previously showed that butyrate protects gut-liver injury during ethanol exposure. While the intestine is the largest immune organ in the body, little is known regarding the effects of ethanol on intestinal immune function. This work is aimed at investigating the effects of butyrate supplementation, in the form of the structured triglyceride tributyrin, on intestinal innate immune responses and oxidative stress following chronic-binge ethanol exposure in mice. Our work suggests that tributyrin supplementation preserved immune responses and reduced oxidative stress in the proximal colon during chronic-binge ethanol exposure. Our results also indicate a possible involvement of tributyrin in maintaining the integrity of intestinal villi vasculature disrupted by chronic-binge ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Glueck
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Y. Han
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G. A. M. Cresci
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pediatric Institute, Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Unbiased classification of mosquito blood cells by single-cell genomics and high-content imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7568-E7577. [PMID: 30038005 PMCID: PMC6094101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803062115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito blood cells are immune cells that help control infection by vector-borne pathogens. Despite their importance, little is known about mosquito blood cell biology beyond morphological and functional criteria used for their classification. Here, we combined the power of single-cell RNA sequencing, high-content imaging flow cytometry, and single-molecule RNA hybridization to analyze a subset of blood cells of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae By demonstrating that blood cells express nearly half of the mosquito transcriptome, our dataset represents an unprecedented view into their transcriptional program. Analyses of differentially expressed genes identified transcriptional signatures of two cell types and provide insights into the current classification of these cells. We further demonstrate the active transfer of a cellular marker between blood cells that may confound their identification. We propose that cell-to-cell exchange may contribute to cellular diversity and functional plasticity seen across biological systems.
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Wang Y, Schafer CC, Hough KP, Tousif S, Duncan SR, Kearney JF, Ponnazhagan S, Hsu HC, Deshane JS. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair B Cell Responses in Lung Cancer through IL-7 and STAT5. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:278-295. [PMID: 29752311 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known suppressors of antitumor immunity, affecting amino acid metabolism and T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. However, it is unknown whether MDSCs regulate B cell responses during tumor progression. Using a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer, we show reduction in percentages and absolute numbers of B cell subsets including pro-, pre-, and mature B cells in the bone marrow (BM) of tumor-bearing mice. The kinetics of this impaired B cell response correlated with the progressive infiltration of MDSCs. We identified that IL-7 and downstream STAT5 signaling that play a critical role in B cell development and differentiation were also impaired during tumor progression. Global impairment of B cell function was indicated by reduced serum IgG levels. Importantly, we show that anti-Gr-1 Ab-mediated depletion of MDSCs not only rescued serum IgG and IL-7 levels but also reduced TGF-β1, a known regulator of stromal IL-7, suggesting MDSC-mediated regulation of B cell responses. Furthermore, blockade of IL-7 resulted in reduced phosphorylation of downstream STAT5 and B cell differentiation in tumor-bearing mice and administration of TGF-β-blocking Ab rescued these IL-7-dependent B cell responses. Adoptive transfer of BM-derived MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice into congenic recipients resulted in significant reductions of B cell subsets in the BM and in circulation. MDSCs also suppressed B cell proliferation in vitro in an arginase-dependent manner that required cell-to-cell contact. Our results indicate that tumor-infiltrating MDSCs may suppress humoral immune responses and promote tumor escape from immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Cara C Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Kenneth P Hough
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | | | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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Caldwell RW, Rodriguez PC, Toque HA, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RB. Arginase: A Multifaceted Enzyme Important in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:641-665. [PMID: 29412048 PMCID: PMC5966718 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The urea cycle provides protection against excess ammonia, while l-ornithine is needed for cell proliferation, collagen formation, and other physiological functions. In mammals, increases in arginase activity have been linked to dysfunction and pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and central nervous system and also to dysfunction of the immune system and cancer. Two important aspects of the excessive activity of arginase may be involved in diseases. First, overly active arginase can reduce the supply of l-arginine needed for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase. Second, too much l-ornithine can lead to structural problems in the vasculature, neuronal toxicity, and abnormal growth of tumor cells. Seminal studies have demonstrated that increased formation of reactive oxygen species and key inflammatory mediators promote this pathological elevation of arginase activity. Here, we review the involvement of arginase in diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous system and cancer and discuss the value of therapies targeting the elevated activity of arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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