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Li YR, Zhou Y, Yu J, Zhu Y, Lee D, Zhu E, Li Z, Kim YJ, Zhou K, Fang Y, Lyu Z, Chen Y, Tian Y, Huang J, Cen X, Husman T, Cho JM, Hsiai T, Zhou JJ, Wang P, Puliafito BR, Larson SM, Yang L. Engineering allorejection-resistant CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1849-1874. [PMID: 38584391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical potential of current FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy is encumbered by its autologous nature, which presents notable challenges related to manufacturing complexities, heightened costs, and limitations in patient selection. Therefore, there is a growing demand for off-the-shelf universal cell therapies. In this study, we have generated universal CAR-engineered NKT (UCAR-NKT) cells by integrating iNKT TCR engineering and HLA gene editing on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), along with an ex vivo, feeder-free HSC differentiation culture. The UCAR-NKT cells are produced with high yield, purity, and robustness, and they display a stable HLA-ablated phenotype that enables resistance to host cell-mediated allorejection. These UCAR-NKT cells exhibit potent antitumor efficacy to blood cancers and solid tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, employing a multifaceted array of tumor-targeting mechanisms. These cells are further capable of altering the tumor microenvironment by selectively depleting immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, UCAR-NKT cells demonstrate a favorable safety profile with low risks of graft-versus-host disease and cytokine release syndrome. Collectively, these preclinical studies underscore the feasibility and significant therapeutic potential of UCAR-NKT cell products and lay a foundation for their translational and clinical development.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Animals
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Gene Editing
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kuangyi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zibai Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanxin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinjian Cen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tiffany Husman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benjamin R Puliafito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Yu J, Kim YJ, Li M, Lee D, Zhou K, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang YC, Li Z, Yu Y, Dunn ZS, Guo W, Cen X, Husman T, Bajpai A, Kramer A, Wilson M, Fang Y, Huang J, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hahn Z, Zhu E, Ma F, Pan C, Lusis AJ, Zhou JJ, Seet CS, Kohn DB, Wang P, Zhou XJ, Pellegrini M, Puliafito BR, Larson SM, Yang L. Generation of allogeneic CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a clinically guided culture method. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02226-y. [PMID: 38744947 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells faces challenges in manufacturing and patient selection that could be avoided by using 'off-the-shelf' products, such as allogeneic CAR natural killer T (AlloCAR-NKT) cells. Previously, we reported a system for differentiating human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into AlloCAR-NKT cells, but the use of three-dimensional culture and xenogeneic feeders precluded its clinical application. Here we describe a clinically guided method to differentiate and expand IL-15-enhanced AlloCAR-NKT cells with high yield and purity. We generated AlloCAR-NKT cells targeting seven cancers and, in a multiple myeloma model, demonstrated their antitumor efficacy, expansion and persistence. The cells also selectively depleted immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenviroment and antagonized tumor immune evasion via triple targeting of CAR, TCR and NK receptors. They exhibited a stable hypoimmunogenic phenotype associated with epigenetic and signaling regulation and did not induce detectable graft versus host disease or cytokine release syndrome. These properties of AlloCAR-NKT cells support their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuangyi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinjian Cen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Husman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aarushi Bajpai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xianghong Jasmine Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences-The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Puliafito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Hánělová K, Raudenská M, Masařík M, Balvan J. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38200509 PMCID: PMC10777590 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types, even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in many important molecular pathways and affect various hallmarks of cancer, including fibroblasts activation, modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation of immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting the pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, and affecting therapy sensitivity and resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, and ability to target specific tumour cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers and cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes, with an emphasis on their protein cargo, in the key mechanisms promoting cancer progression. We also briefly summarise the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, its structure, protein composition, and potential as a signalling hub in both normal and pathological conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Hánělová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
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Orlova E, Loginova O, Shirshev S. Leptin regulates thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell ability to influence the thymocyte distribution in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109912. [PMID: 36857934 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, the adipocyte-derived hormone, involved in regulating food intake and body weight, plays an important role in immunity and reproduction. Leptin signals via the specific membrane receptors expressed in most types of immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) and thymocytes. Leptin enhances thymopoiesis and modulates T-cell-mediated immunity. Thymic plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are predominated in the thymus. They play an important role in thymocyte differentiation. We have analyzed whether leptin mediates its effects on human thymocytes by influencing on pDCs. We used leptin at concentration corresponding to its level during II-III trimesters of physiological pregnancy. We cultivated leptin-primed pDCs with autologous thymocytes and estimated the main thymocyte subsets expressing αβ chains of the T-cell receptor (αβTCR), natural regulatory T-cells (tTreg), natural T-helpers producing interleukin-17 (nTh17) and invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) in vitro. We have shown that leptin augmented CD86, CD276 expressions and depressed IL-10 productions by pDCs. Leptin-primed pDCs decreased the percentage of CD4+CD8+αβTCR+ thymocytes, increased CD4hiCD8-/loαβTCR+ cells. pDCs cultivated with leptin decreased the number of iNKT precursors, and did not change the number of tTreg and nTh17 precursors. Thus, leptin's important role in regulation of thymic pDC abilities to influence on the thymocyte distribution was indicated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Orlova
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina str., 614015 Perm, Russia.
| | - Olga Loginova
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina str., 614015 Perm, Russia.
| | - Sergei Shirshev
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina str., 614015 Perm, Russia.
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Iyoda T, Yamasaki S, Ueda S, Shimizu K, Fujii SI. Natural Killer T and Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy Strategies Targeting Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020348. [PMID: 36830717 PMCID: PMC9953375 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Both natural killer T (NKT) and natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells that produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and their role in the innate immune response to tumors and microorganisms has been investigated. Especially, emerging evidence has revealed their status and function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of tumor cells. Some bacteria producing NKT cell ligands have been identified to exert antitumor effects, even in the TME. By contrast, tumor-derived lipids or metabolites may reportedly suppress NKT and NK cells in situ. Since NKT and NK cells recognize stress-inducible molecules or inhibitory molecules on cancer cells, their status or function depends on the balance between inhibitory and activating receptor signals. As a recent strategy in cancer immunotherapy, the mobilization or restoration of endogenous NKT or NK cells by novel vaccines or therapies has become a focus of research. As a new biological evidence, after activation, effector memory-type NKT cells lasted in tumor-bearing models, and NK cell-based immune checkpoint inhibition potentiated the enhancement of NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells in preclinical and clinical trials. Furthermore, several new modalities based on the characteristics of NKT and NK cells, including artificial adjuvant vector cells, chimeric antigen receptor-expressing NK or NKT cell therapy, or their combination with immune checkpoint blockade have been developed. This review examines challenges and future directions for improving these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Iyoda
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shogo Ueda
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.F.); Tel.:+ 81-45-503-7062 (S.F.); Fax: +81-45-503-7061 (S.F.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.F.); Tel.:+ 81-45-503-7062 (S.F.); Fax: +81-45-503-7061 (S.F.)
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Singh P, Szaraz‐Szeles M, Mezei Z, Barath S, Hevessy Z. Gender-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: A combinational study of invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1155-1165. [PMID: 35587609 PMCID: PMC9790664 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a1121-583rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis of gender bias in frequency of unconventional T cells. Unconventional T cells exist as minor subsets of T cells in peripheral blood. Despite their low number, they play a crucial role in various immune-mediated diseases such as inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Gender-based frequency of these cells altogether on large number of healthy individuals are unestablished creating hurdles to manifest association with various immune-mediated pathologic conditions. In this study, we used a multicolor flow cytometric panel to identify iNKT cells, γδ T cells, and MAIT cells altogether in the peripheral blood samples of 93 healthy adult males and 109 healthy adult females from the Caucasian population. The results revealed iNKT cell median value (% T cells) in females was higher: 0.114% ranging from 0.011 to 3.84%, than males: 0.076% (p value 0.0292), ranging from 0.007 to 0.816% and found to be negatively correlated with age in females (p value 0.0047). However, γδ T cell median value in males was higher: 2.52% ranging from 0.31 to 16.09%, than females: 1.79% (p value 0.0155), ranging from 0.078 to 12.49% and each gender was negatively correlated with age (male p value 0.0003 and female p value 0.0007). MAIT cell median values were 3.04% ranging from 0.11 to 10.75% in males and 2.67% ranging from 0.2 to 18.36% in females. MAIT cells did not show any statistically significant difference between genders and found to be negatively correlated with age (p value < 0.0001). Our results could be used for further gender-wise investigations of various pathologic conditions such as cancer and their prognosis, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvind Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Marianna Szaraz‐Szeles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Zoltan Mezei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Sandor Barath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Hevessy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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Invariant NKT cells dictate antitumor immunity elicited by a bispecific antibody cotargeting CD3 and BCMA. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5165-5170. [PMID: 35830292 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as powerful therapeutic approaches by their ability to redirect T cells to eliminate tumor cells in an MHC-independent manner. However, it remains largely unknown how we can potentiate the efficacy of BsAbs. To address this, we investigated immunological mechanisms of action of a BsAb co-targeting CD3 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in syngeneic preclinical myeloma models. Treatment with the CD3/BCMA BsAb stimulated multiple CD3-expressing T cell subsets, as well as natural killer (NK) cells in the myeloma bone marrow (BM), highlighting its broad immunostimulatory effect. Notably, the BsAb-mediated immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects were abrogated in mice lacking invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Mechanistically, activation of iNKT cells and IL-12 production from dendritic cells (DCs) were crucial upstream events for triggering effective anti-tumor immunity by the BsAb. Myeloma progression was associated with reduced numbers of BM iNKT cells. Importantly, the therapeutic efficacy of a single dose of the CD3/BCMA BsAb was remarkably augmented by restoring iNKT cell activity using adoptive transfer of α-galactosylceramide-loaded DCs. Together, these results reveal iNKT cells as a critical player for the anti-tumor activity of CD3-engaging BsAbs, providing important translational implications.
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Singh P, Szaraz-Szeles M, Mezei Z, Barath S, Hevessy Z. Age-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: a combinational study of invariant natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells. GeroScience 2022; 44:2047-2060. [PMID: 35038082 PMCID: PMC8763133 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells show distinct and unique features during antigen recognition as well as other immune responses. Their decrease in frequency is associated with various autoimmune disorders, allergy, inflammation, and cancer. The landscape frequency of the unconventional T cells altogether (iNKT, γδ T, and MAIT) is largely unestablished leading to various challenges affecting diagnosis and research in this field. In this study, we have established the age group–wise frequency of iNKT, γδ T, and MAIT cells altogether on a total of 203 healthy adult samples of the Caucasian population. The results revealed that iNKT cells were 0.095%, γδ T cells were 2.175%, and MAIT cells were 2.99% of the total T cell population. γδ and MAIT cell frequency is higher in younger age groups than elderly; however, there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of iNKT cells. Furthermore, γδ and MAIT cells were negatively correlating with age, supporting immunosenescence, unlike iNKT cells. Our finding could be used for further age-wise investigation of various pathological conditions such as cancer and their prognosis, autoimmune diseases and their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvind Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marianna Szaraz-Szeles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Mezei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Barath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Hevessy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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9
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Kim YJ, Zhu Y, Ma F, Yu J, Wang YC, Chen X, Li Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Lee D, Ku J, Tsao T, Hardoy C, Huang J, Cheng D, Montel-Hagen A, Seet CS, Crooks GM, Larson SM, Sasine JP, Wang X, Pellegrini M, Ribas A, Kohn DB, Witte O, Wang P, Yang L. Development of allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100449. [PMID: 34841295 PMCID: PMC8607011 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy has become the new-generation cancer medicine, and "off-the-shelf" cell products that can be manufactured at large scale and distributed readily to treat patients are necessary. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are ideal cell carriers for developing allogeneic cell therapy because they are powerful immune cells targeting cancers without graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) risk. However, healthy donor blood contains extremely low numbers of endogenous iNKT cells. Here, by combining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene engineering and in vitro differentiation, we generate human allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT (AlloHSC-iNKT) cells at high yield and purity; these cells closely resemble endogenous iNKT cells, effectively target tumor cells using multiple mechanisms, and exhibit high safety and low immunogenicity. These cells can be further engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to enhance tumor targeting or/and gene edited to ablate surface human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and further reduce immunogenicity. Collectively, these preclinical studies demonstrate the feasibility and cancer therapy potential of AlloHSC-iNKT cell products and lay a foundation for their translational and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanni Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Hardoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher S. Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M. Crooks
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M. Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua P. Sasine
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Kemp JA, Kwon YJ. Cancer nanotechnology: current status and perspectives. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:34. [PMID: 34727233 PMCID: PMC8560887 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase specificity and decrease systemic toxicities remains. Early diagnosis holds a key to improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life, and diagnostic tools are on the cusp of a technological revolution. Nanotechnology has steadily expanded into the reaches of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, diagnostics, and imaging, demonstrating the capacity to augment each and advance patient care. Nanomaterials provide an abundance of versatility, functionality, and applications to engineer specifically targeted cancer medicine, accurate early-detection devices, robust imaging modalities, and enhanced radiotherapy adjuvants. This review provides insights into the current clinical and pre-clinical nanotechnological applications for cancer drug therapy, diagnostics, imaging, and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kemp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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11
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The Immunomodulation Potential of Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3710372. [PMID: 34616851 PMCID: PMC8490057 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3710372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles that originated from almost all types of cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes contain large amounts of noncoding RNA, DNA, and proteins, which can be transferred into recipient cells as functional components in exosomes. These exosomal functional constituents depend on the originating cells, and it has been proved that types and numbers of exosomal components differ in cancer patients and healthy individuals. This review summarizes the role of tumor-derived exosomes in immunomodulation and discusses the application of exosomes in immunotherapy in cancers. Overall, exosomes isolated from cancer cells are turned out to promote immune evasion and interfere with immune responses in tumors through inducing apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, facilitating generation of Tregs, suppressing natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, inhibiting maturation and differentiation of monocyte, and enhancing suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Mechanistically, exosomal functional components play a significant role in the immunomodulation in cancers. Moreover, based on the existing studies, exosomes could potentially serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles, noninvasive biomarkers, and immunotherapeutic vaccines for various types of cancers.
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12
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Xu Y, Ma J, Luo H, Shi Y, Liu H, Sun A, Xu C, Ji H, Liu X. Chromatin assembly factor 1B critically controls the early development but not function acquisition of invariant natural killer T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1698-1714. [PMID: 33949677 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ CD8+ double-positive thymocytes give rise to both conventional TCRαβ+ T cells and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells), but these two kinds of cells display different characteristics. The molecular mechanism underlying iNKT cell lineage development and function acquisition remain to be elucidated. We show that the loss of chromatin assembly factor 1B (CHAF1b) maintains the normal development of conventional TCRαβ+ T cells but severely impairs early development of iNKT cells. This dysregulation is accompanied by the impairment in chromatin activation and gene transcription at Vα14-Jα18 locus. Notably, ectopic expression of a Vα14-Jα18 TCR rescues Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cell developmental defects. Moreover, cytokine secretion and antitumor activity are substantially maintained in Vα14-Jα18 TCR transgene-rescued Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cells. Our study identifies CHAF1b as a critical factor that controls the early development but not function acquisition of iNKT cells via lineage- and stage-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haorui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yaohuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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13
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Wu Y, Luo J, Garden OA. Immunoregulatory Cells in Myasthenia Gravis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:593431. [PMID: 33384654 PMCID: PMC7769807 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.593431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, B-cell mediated autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor or other components of the post-synaptic muscle endplate at the neuromuscular junction. These specific antibodies serve as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis, but do not adequately substitute for clinical evaluations to predict disease severity or treatment response. Several immunoregulatory cell populations are implicated in the pathogenesis of MG. The immunophenotype of these populations has been well-characterized in human peripheral blood. CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are functionally defective in MG, but there is a lack of consensus on whether they show numerical perturbations. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have also been explored in the context of MG. Adoptive transfer of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs or MDSCs suppresses ongoing experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), a rodent model of MG, suggesting a protective role of both populations in this disease. An imbalance between follicular Tregs and follicular T helper cells is found in untreated MG patients, correlating with disease manifestations. There is an inverse correlation between the frequency of circulating IL-10–producing B cells and clinical status in MG patients. Taken together, both functional and numerical defects in various populations of immunoregulatory cells in EAMG and human MG have been demonstrated, but how they relate to pathogenesis and whether these cells can serve as biomarkers of disease activity in humans deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Aoki T, Takami M, Takatani T, Motoyoshi K, Ishii A, Hara A, Toyoda T, Okada R, Hino M, Koyama-Nasu R, Kiuchi M, Hirahara K, Kimura MY, Nakayama T, Shimojo N, Motohashi S. Activated invariant natural killer T cells directly recognize leukemia cells in a CD1d-independent manner. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2223-2233. [PMID: 32324315 PMCID: PMC7385353 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate‐like CD1d‐restricted T cells that express the invariant T cell receptor (TCR) composed of Vα24 and Vβ11 in humans. iNKT cells specifically recognize glycolipid antigens such as α‐galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented by CD1d. iNKT cells show direct cytotoxicity toward CD1d‐positive tumor cells, especially when CD1d presents glycolipid antigens. However, iNKT cell recognition of CD1d‐negative tumor cells is unknown, and direct cytotoxicity of iNKT cells toward CD1d‐negative tumor cells remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that activated iNKT cells recognize leukemia cells in a CD1d‐independent manner, however still in a TCR‐mediated way. iNKT cells degranulated and released Th1 cytokines toward CD1d‐negative leukemia cells (K562, HL‐60, REH) as well as αGalCer‐loaded CD1d‐positive Jurkat cells. The CD1d‐independent cytotoxicity was enhanced by natural killer cell‐activating receptors such as NKG2D, 2B4, DNAM‐1, LFA‐1 and CD2, but iNKT cells did not depend on these receptors for the recognition of CD1d‐negative leukemia cells. In contrast, TCR was essential for CD1d‐independent recognition and cytotoxicity. iNKT cells degranulated toward patient‐derived leukemia cells independently of CD1d expression. iNKT cells targeted myeloid malignancies more than acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These findings reveal a novel anti–tumor mechanism of iNKT cells in targeting CD1d‐negative tumor cells and indicate the potential of iNKT cells for clinical application to treat leukemia independently of CD1d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Aoki
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Takami
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Motoyoshi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayana Ishii
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hara
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahide Toyoda
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reona Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Moeko Hino
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyama-Nasu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Y Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6272498. [PMID: 32537468 PMCID: PMC7261328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6272498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are involved in cancer development, metastasis, and disease progression. They can modulate angiogenesis to elevate the malignant degree of tumor cells. TEX carry immunosuppressive factors affecting the antitumor activities of immune cells. Tumor cells as well as immune cells secrete immunologically active exosomes which affect intercellular communication, antigen presentation, activation of immune cells, and immune surveillance. Cell proliferation and immune response suppression create a favorable microenvironment for tumor. TEX can inhibit immune cell proliferation, induce apoptosis of activated CD8+ Teffs, suppress NK cell activity, interfere with monocyte differentiation, and promote Treg as well as MDSC expansion. Exosomes of microenvironment cells may also contribute to the development of drug resistance in cancer therapy. An important role of TEX in modulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to immunotherapy is a promising area of research to make the cancer therapy more successful.
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16
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Zhou P, Chen J, Li HH, Sun J, Gao SX, Zheng QW, Wei L, Jiang CY, Guan JC. Exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B attenuates the response of increased Tregs to re-exposure to SEB in the thymus of adult offspring. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104225. [PMID: 32353581 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role during homeostasis and tolerance of the immune system. Based on our previous study that exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) can alter the percentage of CD4/CD8 subsets in the thymus of the offspring, in this study, we focus on the influence of exposure of pregnant rats to SEB on number, function and response of Tregs in the thymus of the offspring. Pregnant rats at gestational day of 16 were intravenously injected with 15 μg SEB and the thymuses of the neonatal and adult offspring were harvested for this study. We found that exposure of pregnant rats to SEB could significantly increase the absolute number of Tregs and the FoxP3 expression level in the thymus of not only neonatal but also adult offspring. Re-exposure of adult offspring to SEB remarkably reduced the suppressive capacity of Tregs to CD4+ T cells and the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the thymus, but had no effect on production of IL-4 and IFN-γ. Furthermore, it also notedly decreased the absolute number of Tregs and the FoxP3 expression level. These data suggest that prenatal exposure of pregnant rats to SEB attenuates the response of increased Tregs to re-exposure to SEB in the thymus of adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiande Branch, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiande, 311600, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Qing-Wei Zheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233033, PR China
| | - Jun-Chang Guan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China.
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17
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Washah H, Agoni C, Olotu FA, Munsamy G, Soliman MES. Tweaking α -Galactoceramides: Probing the Dynamical Mechanisms of Improved Recognition for Invariant Natural Killer T-cell Receptor in Cancer Immunotherapeutics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:1354-1367. [PMID: 31738132 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191118103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last few decades have witnessed groundbreaking research geared towards immune surveillance mechanisms and have yielded significant improvements in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This approach narrows down on the development of therapeutic agents that either activate or enhance the recognitive function of the immune system to facilitate the destruction of malignant cells. The α -galactosylceramide derivative, KRN7000, is an immunotherapeutic agent that has gained attention due to its pharmacological ability to activate CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T(iNKT) cells with notable potency against cancer cells in mouse models; a therapeutic success was not well replicated in human models. Dual structural modification of KRN7000 entailing the incorporation of hydrocinnamoyl ester on C6" and C4-OH truncation of the sphingoid base led to the development of AH10-7 which, interestingly, exhibited high potency in human cells. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Therefore, to gain molecular insights into the structural dynamics and selective mechanisms of AH10-7 for human variants, we employed integrative molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic calculations to investigate the inhibitory activities of KRN7000 andAH10-7 on hTCR-CD1d towards activating iNKT. RESULTS Interestingly, our findings revealed that AH10-7 exhibited higher affinity binding and structural effects on hTCR-CD1d, as mediated by the incorporated hydrocinnamoyl ester moiety which accounted for stronger intermolecular interactions with 'non-common' binding site residues. CONCLUSION Findings extracted from this study further reveal important molecular and structural perspectives that could aid in the design of novel α-GalCer derivatives for cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Washah
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Geraldene Munsamy
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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18
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Stell AJ, Priestnall SL, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Phenotypic characterisation of regulatory T cells in dogs reveals signature transcripts conserved in humans and mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13478. [PMID: 31530890 PMCID: PMC6748983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a double-edged regulator of the immune system. Aberrations of Tregs correlate with pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders. Phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of Tregs have been identified in humans and mice on the basis of their extensive portfolios of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against Treg surface antigens. As an important veterinary species, dogs are increasingly recognised as an excellent model for many human diseases. However, insightful study of canine Tregs has been restrained by the limited availability of mAb. We therefore set out to characterise CD4+CD25high T cells isolated ex vivo from healthy dogs and showed that they possess a regulatory phenotype, function, and transcriptomic signature that resembles those of human and murine Tregs. By launching a cross-species comparison, we unveiled a conserved transcriptomic signature of Tregs and identified that transcript hip1 may have implications in Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle R Goulart
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Zhu Y, Smith DJ, Zhou Y, Li YR, Yu J, Lee D, Wang YC, Di Biase S, Wang X, Hardoy C, Ku J, Tsao T, Lin LJ, Pham AT, Moon H, McLaughlin J, Cheng D, Hollis RP, Campo-Fernandez B, Urbinati F, Wei L, Pang L, Rezek V, Berent-Maoz B, Macabali MH, Gjertson D, Wang X, Galic Z, Kitchen SG, An DS, Hu-Lieskovan S, Kaplan-Lefko PJ, De Oliveira SN, Seet CS, Larson SM, Forman SJ, Heath JR, Zack JA, Crooks GM, Radu CG, Ribas A, Kohn DB, Witte ON, Yang L. Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Therapy for Cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:542-557.e9. [PMID: 31495780 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent immune cells for targeting cancer; however, their clinical application has been hindered by their low numbers in cancer patients. Here, we developed a proof-of-concept for hematopoietic stem cell-engineered iNKT (HSC-iNKT) cell therapy with the potential to provide therapeutic levels of iNKT cells for a patient's lifetime. Using a human HSC engrafted mouse model and a human iNKT TCR gene engineering approach, we demonstrated the efficient and long-term generation of HSC-iNKT cells in vivo. These HSC-iNKT cells closely resembled endogenous human iNKT cells, could deploy multiple mechanisms to attack tumor cells, and effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo in multiple human tumor xenograft mouse models. Preclinical safety studies showed no toxicity or tumorigenicity of the HSC-iNKT cell therapy. Collectively, these results demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and cancer therapy potential of the proposed HSC-iNKT cell therapy and laid a foundation for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Drake J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Hardoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Levina J Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander T Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heesung Moon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jami McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roger P Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beatriz Campo-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fabrizia Urbinati
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Larry Pang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beata Berent-Maoz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mignonette H Macabali
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paula J Kaplan-Lefko
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao W, Wang J, Yu J, Wan Z, Gao K, Yi G, Wang X, Fan B, Wu Q, Chen B, Xie F, Wu J, Zhang W, Chen F, Yang H, Wang J, Xu X, Li B, Liu S, Hou Y, Liu X. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of nucleated cells in umbilical cord blood. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz047. [PMID: 31049560 PMCID: PMC6497034 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For both pediatric and adult patients, umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant is a therapeutic option for a variety of hematologic diseases, such as blood cancers, myeloproliferative disorders, genetic diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, the level of cellular heterogeneity and diversity of nucleated cells in UCB has not yet been assessed in an unbiased and systemic fashion. In the present study, nucleated cells from UCB were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to simultaneously profile the gene expression signatures of thousands of cells, generating a rich resource for further functional studies. Here, we report the transcriptomes of 17,637 UCB cells, covering 12 major cell types, many of which can be further divided into distinct subpopulations. RESULTS Pseudotemporal ordering of nucleated red blood cells identifies wave-like activation and suppression of transcription regulators, leading to a polarized cellular state, which may reflect nucleated red blood cell maturation. Progenitor cells in UCB also comprise 2 subpopulations with activation of divergent transcription programs, leading to specific cell fate commitment. Detailed profiling of cytotoxic cell populations unveiled granzymes B and K signatures in natural killer and natural killer T-cell types in UCB. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data form a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape that reveals previously unrecognized cell types, pathways, and mechanisms of gene expression regulation. These data may contribute to the efficacy and outcome of UCB transplant, broadening the scope of research and clinical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiao Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Jiawei Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ziyun Wan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kai Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Gang Yi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xie Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinkai Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Feng Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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21
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Verbeke R, Lentacker I, Breckpot K, Janssens J, Van Calenbergh S, De Smedt SC, Dewitte H. Broadening the Message: A Nanovaccine Co-loaded with Messenger RNA and α-GalCer Induces Antitumor Immunity through Conventional and Natural Killer T Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1655-1669. [PMID: 30742405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA encoding tumor antigens has the potential to evoke effective antitumor immunity. This study reports on a nanoparticle platform, named mRNA Galsomes, that successfully co-delivers nucleoside-modified antigen-encoding mRNA and the glycolipid antigen and immunopotentiator α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) to antigen-presenting cells after intravenous administration. By co-formulating low doses of α-GC, mRNA Galsomes induce a pluripotent innate and adaptive tumor-specific immune response in mice, with invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) as a driving force. In comparison, mRNA Galsomes exhibit advantages over the state-of-the-art cancer vaccines using unmodified ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding mRNA, as we observed up to seven times more tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, combined with a strong iNKT cell and NK cell activation. In addition, the presence of suppressive myeloid cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment was significantly lowered. Owing to these antitumor effects, OVA mRNA Galsomes significantly reduced tumor growth in established E.G7-OVA lymphoma, with a complete tumor rejection in 40% of the animals. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination with mRNA Galsomes enhanced the responsiveness to treatment with a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor in B16-OVA melanoma, as evidenced by a synergistic reduction of tumor outgrowth and a significantly prolonged median survival. Taken together, these data show that intravenously administered mRNA Galsomes can provide controllable, multifaceted, and effective antitumor immunity, especially when combined with checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
| | - Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
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22
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Zhu L, Gangadaran P, Kalimuthu S, Oh JM, Baek SH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. Novel alternatives to extracellular vesicle-based immunotherapy - exosome mimetics derived from natural killer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S166-S179. [PMID: 30092165 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1489824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are endogenous nanocarriers that can deliver biological information between cells. They are secreted by all cell types, including immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. However, mammalian cells release low quantities of exosomes, and the purification of exosomes is difficult. Here, nanovesicles were developed by extrusion of NK cells through filters with progressively smaller pore sizes to obtain exosome mimetics (NK-EM). The anti-tumour effect of the NK-EM was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The morphological features of the NK-EM were revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blot. In vitro, the cytotoxicity of the NK-EM to cancer cells (glioblastoma, breast carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer and hepatic carcinoma) was assessed using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and CCK-8 assay. For in vivo study, a xenograft glioblastoma mouse model was established. The anti-tumour activity of NK-EM was confirmed in vivo by the significant decreases of BLI, size and weight (all p < .001) of the tumour compared with the control group. Moreover, NK-EM cytotoxicity for glioblastoma cells that related with decreased levels of the cell survival markers p-ERK and p-AKT, and increased levels of apoptosis protein markers cleaved-caspase 3, cytochrome-c and cleaved-PARP was confirmed. All those results suggest that NK-EM exert stronger killing effects to cancer cells compared with the traditional NK-Exo, at the same time, the tumour targeting ability of the NK-EM was obtained in vivo. Therefore, NK-EM might be a promising immunotherapeutic agent for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital , Daegu , South Korea
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23
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Kumar A, Suryadevara N, Hill TM, Bezbradica JS, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. Natural Killer T Cells: An Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology Perspective. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1858. [PMID: 29312339 PMCID: PMC5743650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like protein CD1d. Agonistic activation of NKT cells leads to rapid pro-inflammatory and immune modulatory cytokine and chemokine responses. This property of NKT cells, in conjunction with their interactions with antigen-presenting cells, controls downstream innate and adaptive immune responses against cancers and infectious diseases, as well as in several inflammatory disorders. NKT cell properties are acquired during development in the thymus and by interactions with the host microbial consortium in the gut, the nature of which can be influenced by NKT cells. This latter property, together with the role of the host microbiota in cancer therapy, necessitates a new perspective. Hence, this review provides an initial approach to understanding NKT cells from an ecological evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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