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Kroll SL, Meier P, Mayo LM, Gertsch J, Quednow BB. Endocannabinoids and related lipids linked to social exclusion in individuals with chronic non-medical prescription opioid use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01881-8. [PMID: 38773316 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Opioid-related overdose deaths are still on the rise in North America, emphasizing the need to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms regarding the development of opioid use disorder (OUD). Recent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may play a crucial role in stress and reward, both involved in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. Animal models demonstrate a specific crosstalk between the ECS and the endogenous opioid system. However, translational studies in humans are scarce. Here, we investigated basal plasma levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG), and eight endocannabinoid-related lipids, including oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), as well as whole blood fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity in chronic non-medical prescription opioid users (NMPOU; n = 21) compared to opioid-naïve healthy controls (n = 29) considering age, sex, and cannabis use as potential confounders. Additionally, the association of endocannabinoids and related lipids with the participants' response to experimentally induced social exclusion was examined. We found significantly elevated basal AEA, OEA, and PEA levels in NMPOU compared to controls, but no differences in FAAH activity, 2-AG, or other endocannabinoid-related lipids. Within NMPOU, higher AEA levels were associated with lower perception of social exclusion. Robust positive correlations within N-acylethanolamines (i.e., AEA, OEA, and PEA) indicate strong metabolic associations. Together with our recent findings of elevated basal 2-AG levels in dependent cocaine users, present results indicate substance-specific alterations of the ECS that may have implications in the search for novel therapeutic interventions for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Kroll
- Social and Affective Neuropsychopharmacology, Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leah M Mayo
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Hunt A, Merola GP, Carpenter T, Jaeggi AV. Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105603. [PMID: 38402919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Addiction poses significant social, health, and criminal issues. Its moderate heritability and early-life impact, affecting reproductive success, poses an evolutionary paradox: why are humans predisposed to addictive behaviours? This paper reviews biological and psychological mechanisms of substance and behavioural addictions, exploring evolutionary explanations for the origin and function of relevant systems. Ancestrally, addiction-related systems promoted fitness through reward-seeking, and possibly self-medication. Today, psychoactive substances disrupt these systems, leading individuals to neglect essential life goals for immediate satisfaction. Behavioural addictions (e.g. video games, social media) often emulate ancestrally beneficial behaviours, making them appealing yet often irrelevant to contemporary success. Evolutionary insights have implications for how addiction is criminalised and stigmatised, propose novel avenues for interventions, anticipate new sources of addiction from emerging technologies such as AI. The emerging potential of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists targeting obesity suggest the satiation system may be a natural counter to overactivation of the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hunt
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tom Carpenter
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrian V Jaeggi
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ahn S, Zou H, Seamans JK, Phillips AG. Differential patterns of basal and naloxone-evoked dopamine efflux in the rat dorsal and ventral striatum following prolonged-intermittent exposure to morphine. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1067-1078. [PMID: 37985418 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypodopaminergia in the ventral striatum is a putative neurobiological correlate of withdrawal in opioid-dependent individuals. This perspective stands in contrast to brain imaging studies with chronic opioid users showing that naloxone-enhanced dopamine (DA) release in the dorsal striatum is positively correlated with withdrawal aversion. Here, we examined regional differences in striatal DA function associated with opioid withdrawal in rats exposed to intermittent morphine injections for 31 days. Basal concentrations of DA were reduced (i.e., indicating a hypodopaminergic state) in the ventral striatum on Day 10 of morphine exposure, whereas a more prolonged period of morphine treatment was required to reveal hypodopaminergia in the dorsal striatum on Day 31. The ventral striatum consistently exhibited naloxone-induced transient reductions in DA below the hypodopaminergic basal levels, whereas morphine enhanced DA efflux. In the dorsal striatum, DA responsivity to naloxone shifted from a significant decrease on Day 10 to a notable increase above hypodopaminergic basal levels on Day 31, corroborating the findings in the human dorsal striatum. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of morphine-evoked increases in DA efflux on Day 31 was significantly blunted relative to values on Day 10. These findings indicate that prolonged-intermittent access to morphine results in a sustained hypodopaminergic state as reflected in basal levels in the striatum, which is accompanied by regional differences in DA responsivity to naloxone and morphine. Overall, our findings suggest that prolonging the duration of morphine exposure to 31 days is sufficient to reveal neuroadaptations that may underlie the transition from initial drug exposure to opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Ahn
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Haiyan Zou
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeremy K Seamans
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Palombo P, Maeda R, Riberti Zaniboni C, Antonagi Engi S, Yokoyama T, Bonetti Bertagna N, Anesio A, Cristina Bianchi P, Righi T, Emily Boaventura Tavares G, Souccar C, da Silva FBR, Cardoso Cruz F. Unlocking the role of dorsal hippocampal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Ethanol-Induced conditioned place preference in mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 824:137666. [PMID: 38331019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) presents a significant and challenging public health concern, marked by a dearth of effective pharmacological treatments. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of AUD is of paramount importance for the development of efficacious interventions. The process of addiction entails the acquisition of associative behaviors, prominently engaging the dorsal region of the hippocampus for encoding these associative memories. Nicotinic receptor systems have been implicated in mediating the rewarding effects of ethanol, as well as memory and learning processes. In our current investigation, we delved into the role of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within the dorsal hippocampus in the context of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), a robust model for scrutinizing the rewarding properties and drug-associated behaviors. To establish CPP, ethanol (2 g/kg) was administered intraperitoneally during a 8-day conditioning phase. Fos immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the involvement of discrete subregions within the dorsal hippocampus in ethanol-induced CPP. Additionally, we probed the influence of α4β2 nAChRs on CPP via microinjections of a selective nAChR antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHBE, at dosages of 6, 12, and 18 µg/0.5 µL per hemisphere) within the hippocampus. Our results unveiled that ethanol-induced CPP was associated with an increase Fos -positive cells in various subregions of the dorsal hippocampus, including CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus. Intrahippocampal administration of DHBE (at doses of 6 and 18 µg/0.50 µL per hemisphere) effectively blocked ethanol-induced CPP, while leaving locomotor activity unaffected. These findings underscore the critical involvement of the dorsal hippocampus and α4β2 nAChRs in the acquisition of ethanol-associated learning and reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palombo
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Riberti Zaniboni
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Bonetti Bertagna
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Anesio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires Righi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caden Souccar
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alasmari MS, Almohammed OA, Hammad AM, Altulayhi KA, Alkadi BK, Alasmari AF, Alqahtani F, Sari Y, Alasmari F. Effects of Beta Lactams on Behavioral Outcomes of Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Neuroscience 2024; 537:58-83. [PMID: 38036059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical studies demonstrated that beta-lactams have neuroprotective effects in conditions involving glutamate neuroexcitotoxicity, including substance use disorders (SUDs). This meta-analysis aims to analyze the existing evidences on the effects of beta-lactams as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) upregulators in animal models of SUDs, identification of gaps in the literature, and setting the stage for potential translation into clinical phases. METHODS Meta-analysis was conducted on preclinical studies retrieved systematically from MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Abused substances were identified by refereeing to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The results were quantitatively described with a focus on the behavioral outcomes. Treatment effect sizes were described using standardized mean difference, and they were pooled using random effect model. I2-statistic was used to assess heterogeneity, and Funnel plot and Egger's test were used for assessment of publication bias. RESULTS Literature search yielded a total of 71 studies that were eligible to be included in the analysis. Through these studies, the effects of beta-lactams were evaluated in animal models of nicotine, cannabis, amphetamines, synthetic cathinone, opioids, ethanol, and cocaine use disorders as well as steroids-related aggressive behaviors. Meta-analysis showed that treatments with beta-lactams consistently reduced the pooled undesired effects of the abused substances in several paradigms, including drug-self administration, conditioned place preference, drug seeking behaviors, hyperlocomotion, withdrawal syndromes, tolerance to analgesic effects, hyperalgesia, and hyperthermia. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that enhancing GLT-1 expression in the brain through beta-lactams seemed to be a promising treatment approach in the context of substance use disorders, as indicated by results in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Altulayhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader K Alkadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Mohammad Aghaei A, Saali A, Canas MA, Weleff J, D'Souza DC, Angarita GA, Bassir Nia A. Dysregulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system following opioid exposure. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115586. [PMID: 37931479 PMCID: PMC10842415 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Rates of opioid-related deaths and overdoses in the United States are at record-high levels. Thus, novel neurobiological targets for the treatment of OUD are greatly needed. Given the close interaction between the endogenous opioid system and the endocannabinoid system (ECS), targeting the ECS may have therapeutic potential in OUD. The various components of the ECS, including cannabinoid receptors, their lipid-derived endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids [eCBs]), and the related enzymes, present potential targets for developing new medications in OUD treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical and preclinical literature on the dysregulation of the ECS after exposure to opioids. We review the evidence of ECS dysregulation across various study types, exposure protocols, and measurement protocols and summarize the evidence for dysregulation of ECS components at specific brain regions. Preclinical research has shown that opioids disrupt various ECS components that are region-specific. However, the results in the literature are highly heterogenous and sometimes contradictory, possibly due to variety of different methods used. Further research is needed before a confident conclusion could be made on how exposure to opioids can affect ECS components in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Alexandra Saali
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | | | - Jeremy Weleff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Anahita Bassir Nia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
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Briânis RC, Iglesias LP, Bedeschi LG, Moreira FA. Effects of cannabidiol on reward contextual memories induced by cocaine in male and female mice. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37968964 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid, may reduce addiction-related behaviours for various drug classes in rodents, including ethanol, opiates, and psychostimulants. CBD modulates contextual memories and responses to reward stimuli. Nonetheless, research on the impact of CBD on cocaine addiction-like behaviors is limited and requires further clarification. This study tested the hypothesis that CBD administration inhibits the acquisition and retrieval of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male and female C57BL6/J mice. We also ought to characterise a 5-day CPP protocol in these animals. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered CBD (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) 30 minutes before cocaine (15 mg/kg) acquisition of expression of CPP. RESULTS Cocaine induces a CPP in both female and male mice in the 5-day CPP protocol. CBD failed to prevent the acquisition or retrieval of place preference induced by cocaine. CBD did not decrease the time spent on the side paired with cocaine at any of the doses tested in male and female mice, in either acquisition or expression of contextual memory. CONCLUSION This study found no support for the hypothesis that CBD decreases reward memory involved in the formation of cocaine addiction. Further research is necessary to investigate the involvement of CBD in other behavioural responses to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. This study, however, characterised a 5-day CPP protocol for both female and male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa C Briânis
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Bedeschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Costa BY, Santos LG, Marianno P, Rae M, de Almeida MG, de Brito MC, Eichler R, Camarini R. Carbetocin Inhibits Behavioral Sensitization to Ethanol in Male and Female Mice, Independent of Corticosterone Levels. TOXICS 2023; 11:893. [PMID: 37999545 PMCID: PMC10674331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT), a pro-social peptide, is increasingly recognized as a potential protective substance against drug addiction. In the context of ethanol, previous research has shown OXT's properties in reducing self-administration, alleviating motor impairment in rodents, and reducing craving in humans. However, its role in behavioral sensitization, a neuroadaptive response resulting from repeated drug exposure linked to an increased drug incentive, remains unexplored. OXT is recognized for its role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, in which corticosterone is acknowledged as a significant factor in the development of behavioral sensitization. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbetocin (CBT), an analogue of OXT, on the expression of behavioral sensitization to ethanol and the concurrent alterations in plasma corticosterone levels in male and female Swiss mice. We also aimed to confirm previous studies on OXT's impact on ethanol consumption in male mice, but with a focus on CBT, using the two-bottle choice model and the drinking in the dark (DID) methodology. For the sensitization study, the mice received either ethanol (1.8 g/kg, i.p.) or saline treatments daily for 15 consecutive days, followed by treatment with carbetocin (0.64 mg/kg, i.p.) or a vehicle for 6 days. Subsequently, on day 22, all the animals underwent an ethanol challenge to assess the expression of behavioral sensitization. The plasma corticosterone levels were measured on days 21 and 22. The CBT effectively prevented the expression of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization in both male and female subjects, with no alterations having been detected in their corticosterone levels. In the ethanol consumption study, following an initial phase of ethanol acquisition, the male mice underwent a 6-day treatment with CBT i.p. or saline before being re-exposed to ethanol. We also found a reduction in their ethanol consumption due to the CBT treatment. In conclusion, carbetocin emerges as a promising and effective intervention for mitigating ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization and reducing ethanol intake, highlighting its potential significance in alcohol addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Yamada Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Luana Gasparini Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil;
| | - Priscila Marianno
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Mariana Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Marina Gomes de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Malcon Carneiro de Brito
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Rosângela Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (B.Y.C.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.C.d.B.); (R.E.)
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9
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Lee RSC, Albertella L, Christensen E, Suo C, Segrave RA, Brydevall M, Kirkham R, Liu C, Fontenelle LF, Chamberlain SR, Rotaru K, Yücel M. A Novel, Expert-Endorsed, Neurocognitive Digital Assessment Tool for Addictive Disorders: Development and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44414. [PMID: 37624635 PMCID: PMC7615064 DOI: 10.2196/44414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people with harmful addictive behaviors may not meet formal diagnostic thresholds for a disorder. A dimensional approach, by contrast, including clinical and community samples, is potentially key to early detection, prevention, and intervention. Importantly, while neurocognitive dysfunction underpins addictive behaviors, established assessment tools for neurocognitive assessment are lengthy and unengaging, difficult to administer at scale, and not suited to clinical or community needs. The BrainPark Assessment of Cognition (BrainPAC) Project sought to develop and validate an engaging and user-friendly digital assessment tool purpose-built to comprehensively assess the main consensus-driven constructs underpinning addictive behaviors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to psychometrically validate a gamified battery of consensus-based neurocognitive tasks against standard laboratory paradigms, ascertain test-retest reliability, and determine their sensitivity to addictive behaviors (eg, alcohol use) and other risk factors (eg, trait impulsivity). METHODS Gold standard laboratory paradigms were selected to measure key neurocognitive constructs (Balloon Analogue Risk Task [BART], Stop Signal Task [SST], Delay Discounting Task [DDT], Value-Modulated Attentional Capture [VMAC] Task, and Sequential Decision-Making Task [SDT]), as endorsed by an international panel of addiction experts; namely, response selection and inhibition, reward valuation, action selection, reward learning, expectancy and reward prediction error, habit, and compulsivity. Working with game developers, BrainPAC tasks were developed and validated in 3 successive cohorts (total N=600) and a separate test-retest cohort (N=50) via Mechanical Turk using a cross-sectional design. RESULTS BrainPAC tasks were significantly correlated with the original laboratory paradigms on most metrics (r=0.18-0.63, P<.05). With the exception of the DDT k function and VMAC total points, all other task metrics across the 5 tasks did not differ between the gamified and nongamified versions (P>.05). Out of 5 tasks, 4 demonstrated adequate to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.72-0.91, P<.001; except SDT). Gamified metrics were significantly associated with addictive behaviors on behavioral inventories, though largely independent of trait-based scales known to predict addiction risk. CONCLUSIONS A purpose-built battery of digitally gamified tasks is sufficiently valid for the scalable assessment of key neurocognitive processes underpinning addictive behaviors. This validation provides evidence that a novel approach, purported to enhance task engagement, in the assessment of addiction-related neurocognition is feasible and empirically defensible. These findings have significant implications for risk detection and the successful deployment of next-generation assessment tools for substance use or misuse and other mental disorders characterized by neurocognitive anomalies related to motivation and self-regulation. Future development and validation of the BrainPAC tool should consider further enhancing convergence with established measures as well as collecting population-representative data to use clinically as normative comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico S. C. Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kirkham
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Garcia-Keller C, Hohmeister M, Seidling K, Beloate L, Chioma V, Spencer S, Kalivas P, Neuhofer D. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol self-administration induces cell type-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens core. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13286. [PMID: 37500492 PMCID: PMC10924663 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse induce cell type-specific adaptations in D1- and D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) that can bias signalling towards D1-MSNs and enhance relapse vulnerability. Whether Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use initiates similar neuroadaptations is unknown. D1- and D2-Cre transgenic rats were transfected with Cre-dependent reporters and trained to self-administer THC + cannabidiol (THC + CBD). After extinction training spine morphology, glutamate transmission, CB1R function and cFOS expression were quantified. We found that extinction from THC + CBD induced a loss of large spine heads in D1- but not D2-MSNs and commensurate reductions in glutamate synaptic transmission. Also, presynaptic CB1R function was impaired selectively at glutamatergic synapses on D1-MSNs, which augmented the capacity to potentiate glutamate transmission. Using cFOS expression as an activity marker, we found no change after extinction but increased cFOS expression in D1-MSNs after cue-induced drug seeking. Contrasting D1-MSNs, CB1R function and glutamate synaptic transmission on D2-MSN synapses were unaffected by THC + CBD use. However, cFOS expression was decreased in D2-MSNs of THC + CBD-extinguished rats and was restored after drug seeking. Thus, CB1R adaptations in D1-MSNs partially predicted neuronal activity changes, posing pathway specific modulation of eCB signalling in D1-MSNs as a potential treatment avenue for cannabis use disorder (CUD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Madeline Hohmeister
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Kailyn Seidling
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Lauren Beloate
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Vivian Chioma
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Sade Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Daniela Neuhofer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425
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11
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Kalivas PW, Gourley SL, Paulus MP. Intrusive thinking: Circuit and synaptic mechanisms of a transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105196. [PMID: 37094741 PMCID: PMC10249786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous thought is an adaptive cognitive process that can produce novel and insightful thought sequences useful in guiding future behavior. In many psychiatric disorders, spontaneous thinking becomes intrusive and uncontrolled, and can trigger symptoms such as craving, repetitive negative thinking and trauma-related memories. We link studies using clinical imaging and rodent modeling towards understanding the neurocircuitry and neuroplasticity of intrusive thinking. We propose a framework in which drugs or stress change the homeostatic set point of brain reward circuitry, which then impacts subsequent plasticity induced by drug/stress conditioned cues (metaplastic allostasis). We further argue for the importance of examining not only the canonical pre- and postsynapse, but also the adjacent astroglial protrusions and extracellular matrix that together form the tetrapartite synapse and that plasticity throughout the tetrapartite synapse is necessary for cue-induced drug or stress behaviors. This analysis reveals that drug use or trauma cause long-lasting allostatic brain plasticity that sets the stage for subsequent drug/trauma-associated cues to induce transient plasticity that can lead to intrusive thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Bedard ML, Nowlan AC, Martin Del Campo Z, Miller C, Dasgupta N, McElligott ZA. All Hands on Deck: We Need Multiple Approaches To Uncover the Neuroscience behind the Opioid Overdose Crisis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1921-1929. [PMID: 37159430 PMCID: PMC10591273 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions of people throughout the United States, yet there are only three Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatments. Though these treatments have been shown to be effective, the number of overdose deaths continues to rise. The increase of fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and adulterants in the illicit drug supply has further complicated treatment strategies. Preclinical researchers strive to model OUD to better understand this complicated disorder, and this research is a critical enabler for the development of novel treatments. As a result, there are many different preclinical models of OUD. Often, researchers form strong opinions on what they believe to be the "best" model to mimic the human condition. Here, we argue that researchers should be supportive of multiple models to promote new perspectives and discoveries and always consider the trends in human opioid use when designing preclinical studies. We describe the benefits of contingent and noncontingent models as well as models of opioid withdrawal and how each of these can help illuminate different components of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigan L Bedard
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, The University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexandra C Nowlan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zoe Martin Del Campo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Colin Miller
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nabarun Dasgupta
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zoe A McElligott
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, The University North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Chesworth R, Visini G, Karl T. Impaired extinction of operant cocaine in a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia risk. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06386-8. [PMID: 37233814 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia have high rates of comorbid substance use problems. One potential explanation for this comorbidity is similar neuropathophysiology in substance use and schizophrenia, which may arise from shared genetic risk factors between the two disorders. Here we investigated if genetic risk for schizophrenia could affect drug reward and reinforcement for cocaine in an established mouse model of genetic risk for schizophrenia, the neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain heterozygous (Nrg1 TM HET) mouse. METHODS We examined drug-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference for several cocaine doses (5, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg) in male adult Nrg1 TM HET and wild-type-like (WT) littermates. We also investigated intravenous self-administration of and motivation for cocaine (doses 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg/infusion), as well as extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine. In a follow-up experiment, we examined self-administration, extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of a natural reward, oral sucrose. RESULTS Cocaine preference was similar between Nrg1 TM HET mice and WT littermates at all doses tested. Locomotor sensitization to cocaine was not affected by Nrg1 genotype at any dose. Although self-administration and motivation for cocaine was unaffected, extinction of cocaine self-administration was impaired in Nrg1 TM HET compared to WT controls, and cue-induced reinstatement was greater in Nrg1 mutants in the middle of the reinstatement session. Sucrose self-administration and extinction thereof was not affected by genotype, but inactive lever responding was elevated during cue-induced reinstatement for operant sucrose in Nrg1 TM HET mice compared to WTs. DISCUSSION These results suggest impaired response inhibition for cocaine in Nrg1 TM HET mice and suggests Nrg1 mutation may contribute to behaviours which can limit control over cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gabriela Visini
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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14
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Urena ES, Diezel CC, Serna M, Hala'ufia G, Majuta L, Barber KR, Vanderah TW, Riegel AC. K v 7 Channel Opener Retigabine Reduces Self-Administration of Cocaine but Not Sucrose in Rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.541208. [PMID: 37292619 PMCID: PMC10245780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing rates of drug misuse highlight the urgency of identifying improved therapeutics for treatment. Most drug-seeking behaviors that can be modeled in rodents utilize the repeated intravenous self-administration (SA) of drugs. Recent studies examining the mesolimbic pathway suggest that K v 7/KCNQ channels may contribute in the transition from recreational to chronic drug use. However, to date, all such studies used noncontingent, experimenter-delivered drug model systems, and the extent to which this effect generalizes to rats trained to self-administer drug is not known. Here, we tested the ability of retigabine (ezogabine), a K v 7 channel opener, to regulate instrumental behavior in male Sprague Dawley rats. We first validated the ability of retigabine to target experimenter-delivered cocaine in a CPP assay and found that retigabine reduced the acquisition of place preference. Next, we trained rats for cocaine-SA under a fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule and found that retigabine-pretreatment attenuated the self-administration of low to moderate doses of cocaine. This was not observed in parallel experiments, with rats self-administering sucrose, a natural reward. Compared to sucrose-SA, cocaine-SA was associated with reductions in the expression of the K v 7.5 subunit in the nucleus accumbens, without alterations in K v 7.2 and K v 7.3. Therefore, these studies reveal a reward specific reduction in SA behavior considered relevant for the study of long-term compulsive-like behavior and supports the notion that K v 7 is a potential therapeutic target for human psychiatric diseases with dysfunctional reward circuitry.
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15
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Davis DL, Metzger DB, Vann PH, Wong JM, Shetty RA, Forster MJ, Sumien N. Effects of chronic methamphetamine exposure on rewarding behavior and neurodegeneration markers in adult mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1343-1358. [PMID: 37127834 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recreational and medical use of stimulants among young adults have gained popularity in the United States over the last decade and their use may increase vulnerability to brain biochemical changes and addictive behaviors. The long-term effects of chronic stimulant exposure in later adulthood have not been fully elucidated.Our study investigated whether chronic exposure to methamphetamine (METH), at a dose designed to emulate human therapeutic dosing for ADHD, would promote biochemical alterations and affect sensitivity to the rewarding effects of subsequent METH dosing.Groups of 3.5-month-old male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered non-contingent intraperitoneal injections of either saline or METH (1.4 mg/kg) twice a day for 1 month (5 days/week). METH (0.5 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was tested in mice to determine the effects of previous METH exposure on reward-related behavior. Mice were randomly assigned to Experiment I (males and females) or Experiment II (females only) in which CPP testing was respectively performed either 0.5 or 5 months after the end of METH injections, at ~5 or 10 months old respectively. The midbrain and striatum, regions involved in reward circuit, were assessed for markers associated with neurotoxicity, dopaminergic function, neuroinflammation and epigenetic changes after behavioral testing.Previous exposure to chronic METH did not have significant short-term effects on CPP response but led to a decreased CPP response in 10-month-old females. Previous exposure to METH induced some short-term changes to biochemical markers measured in a brain region and sex-dependent manner, while long-term changes were only observed with GFAP and KDM5C.In conclusion, our data suggest sex- and post-exposure duration-dependent outcomes and warrant further exploration of the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of psychostimulant use in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica M Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Ritu A Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
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16
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Chapp AD, Nwakama CA, Thomas MJ, Meisel RL, Mermelstein PG. Sex Differences in Cocaine Sensitization Vary by Mouse Strain. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1167-1176. [PMID: 37040721 DOI: 10.1159/000530591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical literature, frequently utilizing rats, suggests females display a more rapid advancement of substance abuse and a greater risk of relapse following drug abstinence. In clinical populations, it is less clear as to what extent biological sex is a defining variable in the acquisition and maintenance of substance use. Even without considering environmental experiences, genetic factors are presumed to critically influence the vulnerability to addiction. Genetically diverse mouse models provide a robust tool to examine the interactions between genetic background and sex differences in substance abuse. METHODS We explored mouse strain variability in male versus female behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Locomotor sensitization was observed following 5 consecutive days of subcutaneous cocaine across three genetically different mice strains: C57BL/6J, B6129SF2/J, and Diversity Outbred (DO/J). RESULTS Sex differences in cocaine locomotor sensitization were dependent on mouse strain. Specifically, we observed opposing sex differences in locomotor sensitization, with male C57BL/6J and female B6129SF2/J mice displaying heightened activity compared to their opposite sex counterparts. Conversely, no sex differences were observed in the DO/J mice. Acute cocaine administration resulted in locomotor differences across strains in male, but not female, mice. The magnitude of sensitization (or lack thereof) also varied by genetic background. CONCLUSIONS While sex differences in drug addiction may be observed, these effects can be mitigated, or even reversed, depending on genetic background. The clinical implications are that in the absence of understanding the genetic variables underlying vulnerability to addiction, sex provides little information regarding the predisposition of an individual to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chapp
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chinonso A Nwakama
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L Meisel
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Brown AR, Branthwaite HE, Farahbakhsh ZZ, Mukerjee S, Melugin PR, Song K, Noamany H, Siciliano CA. Structured tracking of alcohol reinforcement (STAR) for basic and translational alcohol research. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1585-1598. [PMID: 36849824 PMCID: PMC10208967 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
There is inherent tension between methodologies developed to address basic research questions in model species and those intended for preclinical to clinical translation: basic investigations require flexibility of experimental design as hypotheses are rapidly tested and revised, whereas preclinical models emphasize standardized protocols and specific outcome measures. This dichotomy is particularly relevant in alcohol research, which spans a diverse range of basic sciences in addition to intensive efforts towards understanding the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). To advance these goals there is a great need for approaches that facilitate synergy across basic and translational areas of nonhuman alcohol research. In male and female mice, we establish a modular alcohol reinforcement paradigm: Structured Tracking of Alcohol Reinforcement (STAR). STAR provides a robust platform for quantitative assessment of AUD-relevant behavioral domains within a flexible framework that allows direct crosstalk between translational and mechanistically oriented studies. To achieve cross-study integration, despite disparate task parameters, a straightforward multivariate phenotyping analysis is used to classify subjects based on propensity for heightened alcohol consumption and insensitivity to punishment. Combining STAR with extant preclinical alcohol models, we delineate longitudinal phenotype dynamics and reveal putative neuro-biomarkers of heightened alcohol use vulnerability via neurochemical profiling of cortical and brainstem tissues. Together, STAR allows quantification of time-resolved biobehavioral processes essential for basic research questions simultaneous with longitudinal phenotyping of clinically relevant outcomes, thereby providing a framework to facilitate cohesion and translation in alcohol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hannah E Branthwaite
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zahra Z Farahbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Snigdha Mukerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Patrick R Melugin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keaton Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Habiba Noamany
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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18
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Kamens HM, Flarend G, Wickenheisser A, Horton WJ, Cavigelli SA. The effect of stress on opioid addiction-related behaviors: A review of preclinical literature. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:523-540. [PMID: 35834183 PMCID: PMC10117442 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Opioid misuse is a critical public health crisis in the United States that results in over 50,000 deaths per year and a substantial economic burden to society. Human epidemiological data suggest that exposure to stress is one of many risk factors for opioid misuse; however, opioid abusers tend to have multiple risk factors and use other drugs in addition to opioids. To identify causal mechanisms by which stress may increase risk, preclinical animal experiments provide a means to conduct experimental manipulations and maintain precise controls over environmental and drug exposures. The current review examines how stressful experiences alter opioid addiction-related behaviors in animal models, with a focus on how age of stress exposure affects drug outcomes. The findings summarized here suggest that neonatal or adult stress increase behaviors indicative of opioid intake and reward in rodent models, but that adolescent social stress may protect against later opioid addiction-related behaviors, which contradicts human epidemiological literature. We highlight three important areas to consider across this body of literature: the species and/or strain used, stressor type, and inclusion of both sexes. Finally, we suggest areas where additional research is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Geneva Flarend
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Anna Wickenheisser
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - William J. Horton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Sonia A. Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
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Deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus to block morphine reward: Does the intensity of stimulation matter? Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114159. [PMID: 36241071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) prevents morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. However, our previous study demonstrated that the application of DBS at 150 µA did not block morphine CPP in all rats. Here, we investigated the possibility to completely block morphine CPP by increasing the intensity of LH DBS. Morphine reward was assessed by the CPP paradigm in male Wistar rats. DBS was applied in the LH during the conditioning trials with morphine (5 mg/kg, S.C.) at 130 Hz pulse frequency, 100 µs pulse duration, and either 150 µA or 200 µA pulse amplitude. Results showed that repeated morphine injections produced a robust CPP that was blocked partially by DBS at 150 µA and completely by DBS at 200 µA. Response rate was 47% with 150-µA and 100% with 200-µA stimulation. DBS treatment was not associated with changes in motor activity. In conclusion, the development of morphine reward was modulated by LH DBS in an intensity-dependent manner.
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20
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Soares-Cunha C, Heinsbroek JA. Ventral pallidal regulation of motivated behaviors and reinforcement. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1086053. [PMID: 36817646 PMCID: PMC9932340 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1086053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconnected nuclei of the ventral basal ganglia have long been identified as key regulators of motivated behavior, and dysfunction of this circuit is strongly implicated in mood and substance use disorders. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a central node of the ventral basal ganglia, and recent studies have revealed complex VP cellular heterogeneity and cell- and circuit-specific regulation of reward, aversion, motivation, and drug-seeking behaviors. Although the VP is canonically considered a relay and output structure for this circuit, emerging data indicate that the VP is a central hub in an extensive network for reward processing and the regulation of motivation that extends beyond classically defined basal ganglia borders. VP neurons respond temporally faster and show more advanced reward coding and prediction error processing than neurons in the upstream nucleus accumbens, and regulate the activity of the ventral mesencephalon dopamine system. This review will summarize recent findings in the literature and provide an update on the complex cellular heterogeneity and cell- and circuit-specific regulation of motivated behaviors and reinforcement by the VP with a specific focus on mood and substance use disorders. In addition, we will discuss mechanisms by which stress and drug exposure alter the functioning of the VP and produce susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Lastly, we will outline unanswered questions and identify future directions for studies necessary to further clarify the central role of VP neurons in the regulation of motivated behaviors. Significance: Research in the last decade has revealed a complex cell- and circuit-specific role for the VP in reward processing and the regulation of motivated behaviors. Novel insights obtained using cell- and circuit-specific interrogation strategies have led to a major shift in our understanding of this region. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the VP in which we integrate novel findings with the existing literature and highlight the emerging role of the VP as a linchpin of the neural systems that regulate motivation, reward, and aversion. In addition, we discuss the dysfunction of the VP in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jasper A. Heinsbroek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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Cortés-Patiño DM, Ballesteros-Acosta H, Neira VM, Contreras DRP, Lamprea MR. Post-weaning social isolation increases the incentive value of nicotine-related contexts and decreases the accumulation of ΔFosB in nucleus accumbens in adolescent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173529. [PMID: 36805863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent social conditions profoundly affect vulnerability to drug abuse. Preclinical studies have shown that preventing social interactions during adolescence increases the rewarding effects of drugs like alcohol, cocaine, or amphetamines, however, little data exist regarding the impact of social isolation on nicotine effects. The current study evaluated the effects of differential rearing conditions during adolescence (isolation or group rearing) on (1) conditioned place preference induced by low nicotine doses (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) and (2) sensitization to the locomotor effects of nicotine after sub-chronic administration (3) and accumulation of ΔFosB in nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results showed that nicotine induced place preference in isolated and grouped rats, but the effect was more persistent for the rats reared in isolation. Isolated reared rats also exhibited lower levels of ΔFosB accumulation in NAc. No differences were found in the behavioral sensitization to nicotine effects between rearing conditions. The results suggest that isolation engenders a more robust incentive value of nicotine-related contexts. This effect could be related to the basal expression of ΔFosB: lower levels of this transcription factor seem to impair the motivation of isolated reared rats and increase their vulnerability to the effects of drugs like nicotine.
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Mantsch JR. Corticotropin releasing factor and drug seeking in substance use disorders: Preclinical evidence and translational limitations. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100038. [PMID: 36531188 PMCID: PMC9757758 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), has been an enigmatic target for the development of medications aimed at treating stress-related disorders. Despite a large body of evidence from preclinical studies in rodents demonstrating that CRF receptor antagonists prevent stressor-induced drug seeking, medications targeting the CRF-R1 have failed in clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the abundant findings from preclinical rodent studies suggesting that CRF signaling is involved in stressor-induced relapse. The scientific literature that has defined the receptors, mechanisms and neurocircuits through which CRF contributes to stressor-induced reinstatement of drug seeking following self-administration and conditioned place preference in rodents is reviewed. Evidence that CRF signaling is recruited with repeated drug use in a manner that heightens susceptibility to stressor-induced drug seeking in rodents is presented. Factors that may determine the influence of CRF signaling in substance use disorders, including developmental windows, biological sex, and genetics are examined. Finally, we discuss the translational failure of medications targeting CRF signaling as interventions for substance use disorders and other stress-related conditions. We conclude that new perspectives and research directions are needed to unravel the mysterious role of CRF in substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Mantsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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23
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Halsall L, Jones A, Roberts C, Knibb G, Rose AK. The impact of alcohol priming on craving and motivation to drink: a meta-analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:2986-3003. [PMID: 35638379 PMCID: PMC9796461 DOI: 10.1111/add.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An initial dose of alcohol can motivate-or prime-further drinking and may precipitate (re)lapse and bingeing. Lab-based studies have investigated the alcohol priming effect; however, heterogeneity in designs has resulted in some inconsistent findings. The aims of this meta-analysis were to (i) determine the pooled effect size for motivation to drink following priming, measured by alcohol consumption and craving, and (ii) examine whether design characteristics influenced any priming effect. METHODS Literature searches of PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus in October 2020 (updated October 2021) identified lab-based alcohol priming studies that assessed effect of priming on motivation to drink. A tailored risk-of-bias tool assessed quality of lab-based studies. Random effects meta-analyses were computed on outcome data from 38 studies comparing the effect of a priming dose of alcohol against control on subsequent alcohol consumption/self-reported craving. Study characteristics that might have affected outcomes were design type (within/between-participant), dose of prime, time of motivation assessment, type of control drink (placebo alcohol/soft drink). RESULTS Relative to control, alcohol had a small-to-moderate priming effect on subsequent alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.336 [95% CI, 0.171, 0.500]) and craving (SMD = 0.431 [95% CI, 0.306, 0.555]). Aspects of study design differentially affected consumption and craving. The size of the priming dose had no effect on consumption, but larger doses were sometimes associated with greater craving (with craving generally following the blood alcohol curve). Alcohol priming effects for consumption, but not craving, were smaller when compared with placebo, relative to soft drink, control. CONCLUSIONS Lab-based alcohol priming studies are a valid paradigm from which to investigate the impact of acute intoxication on alcohol motivation. Designs are needed that assess the impact of acute consumption on motivation to drink in more varied and realistic ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Halsall
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol ResearchLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Carl Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Graeme Knibb
- Department of PsychologyEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkUnited Kingdom
| | - Abigail K. Rose
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol ResearchLiverpoolUnited Kingdom,School of PsychologyLiverpool John Moore's UniversityLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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High Morphine Use Disorder Susceptibility Is Predicted by Impaired Learning Ability in Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121650. [PMID: 36552110 PMCID: PMC9776386 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An obvious reason for substance uses disorders (SUDs) is drug craving and seeking behavior induced by conditioned context, which is an abnormal solid context memory. The relationship between susceptibility to SUD and learning ability remains unclear in humans and animal models. In this study, we found that susceptibility to morphine use disorder (MUD) was negatively correlated with learning ability in conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57 mice. By using behavioral tests, we identified the FVB mouse as learning impaired. In addition, we discovered that learning-relevant proteins, such as the glutamate receptor subunits GluA1, NR1, and NR2A, were decreased in FVB mice. Finally, we assessed the context learning ability of FVB mice using the CPP test and priming. We found that FVB mice had lower learning performance with respect to normal memory but higher performance of morphine-reinstatement memory. Compared to C57 mice, FVB mice are highly sensitive to MUDs. Our results suggest that SUD susceptibility is predicted by impaired learning ability in mice; therefore, learning ability can play a simple and practical role in identifying high-risk SUD groups.
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25
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Potrebić MS, Pavković ŽZ, Srbovan MM, Ðmura GM, Pešić VT. Changes in the Behavior and Body Weight of Mature, Adult Male Wistar Han Rats after Reduced Social Grouping and Social Isolation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:615-623. [PMID: 36328417 PMCID: PMC9732776 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Changes in housing density, including individual housing, are commonly necessary in animal research. Obtaining reproducibility and translational validity in biomedical research requires an understanding of how animals adapt to changes in housing density. Existing literature mainly addresses acclimatization after transportation. We used a within-subject design to examine changes in behavior and weight gain of 4-mo-old male Wistar Han rats after reduction of their social group (RSG; due to removal of one rat from a cage containing 3 rats) and social isolation (SI; the removed rat) for the subsequent 2 wk. Changes in weight gain and in exploratory and center-avoidance behavior in an inescapable open arena (OA) were measured before (D0) and on days 7 and 14 (D7 and D14, respectively) after social change. The motor response to d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), which stimulates behavioral arousal in response to novelty, was assessed at D14. Within-subject design revealed that RSG rats in OA had less locomotion at D7 but not more center-avoidance behavior and had returned to the D0 activity level at D14; SI rats in OA had consistently less locomotion and more center-avoidance behavior. Rearing behavior during OA exposure did not change in either group. However, SI rats showed more center-avoidance behavior in OA, greater weight gain, and less amphetamine-induced rearing at D14 as compared with RSG rats. These data indicate that after RSG, mature adult male rats require 2 wk to return to their baseline level of OA-related behavior, while after SI they gain weight and acquire maladaptive exploratory and center-avoidance behavior. The finding that SI produces maladaptive behavioral and physiologic alterations in adult male rats deserves attention because these changes could have confounding effects on research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica S Potrebić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Z Pavković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja M Srbovan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran M Ðmura
- Animal Facility, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna T Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,,Corresponding author.
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26
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Parnarouskis L, Leventhal AM, Ferguson SG, Gearhardt AN. Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13507. [PMID: 36196649 PMCID: PMC9786266 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet-related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal-like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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27
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Manke HN, Nelson KH, Huang S, Bailey JM, Bowman SK, Jones RA, Cerveny SE, Rice KC, Riley AL. Methylone pre-exposure differentially impacts the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats: Implications for abuse vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 220:173470. [PMID: 36206863 PMCID: PMC9667388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydrug use is well documented in synthetic cathinone users, although the consequences of such use are not well characterized. In pre-clinical research, a pre-exposure to a drug has been reported to attenuate the aversive effects of other drugs which has implications for their abuse potential. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of pre-exposure to the synthetic cathinone methylone on the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA. METHOD Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 mg/kg of methylone every 4th day (for a total of five injections) prior to taste avoidance training with 1.8 mg/kg of MDPV or 1 mg/kg of MDMA. RESULTS MDPV and MDMA induced taste avoidance in males and females (all p's < 0.05). In males, methylone pre-exposure attenuated the avoidance induced by MDPV and MDMA (all p's < 0.05) with the attenuation greater with MDPV. In females, methylone pre-exposure attenuated avoidance induced by MDPV (all p's < 0.05), but it had no effect on those induced by MDMA (all p's > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of exposure to methylone on taste avoidance induced by MDPV and MDMA were drug- (MDPV > MDMA) and sex- (MDMA only in males) dependent. The attenuating effects of methylone pre-exposure on MDPV and MDMA were discussed in terms of their shared neurochemical action. These findings suggest that a history of methylone use may reduce the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA which may have implications for polydrug use involving the synthetic cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley N Manke
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Katharine H Nelson
- Reichel Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shihui Huang
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Jacob M Bailey
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Sara K Bowman
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Robert A Jones
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Sydney E Cerveny
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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28
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Asgharian P, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sabernavaei M, Hosseini K, Forouhandeh H, Ebrahimi T, Sharafi-Badr P, Tarhriz V, Soofiyani SR, Helon P, Rajkovic J, Durna Daştan S, Docea AO, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Koch W, Cho WC. Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:926607. [PMID: 36188551 PMCID: PMC9521271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.926607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Nowadays, using medicinal plants as an alternative medication has been considered due to their biological safety. Despite the wide range of medications, many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects and eventually lose their response. By considering the therapeutic advantages of medicinal plants in the case of side effects, patients may prefer to use them instead of chemical drugs. Today, the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is diverse and increasing, and these plants are a precious heritage for humanity. Investigation about traditional medicine continues, and several studies have indicated the basic pharmacology and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine. In this article, we discuss five of the most important and common psychiatric illnesses investigated in various studies along with conventional therapies and their pharmacological therapies. For this comprehensive review, data were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, DynaMed Plus, ScienceDirect, and TRIP database. Preclinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed biocompounds are presented in detail. The bioactive compounds analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Although comparative studies have been carefully reviewed in the preclinical pharmacology field, no clinical studies have been found to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicines compared to FDA-approved medicines for the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, future clinical studies are needed to accelerate the potential use of natural compounds in the management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mahsa Sabernavaei
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Forouhandeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Sharafi-Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Paweł Helon
- Branch in Sandomierz, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Sandomierz, Poland
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
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Making habits measurable beyond what they are not: A focus on associative dual-process models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104869. [PMID: 36108980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Habits are the subject of intense international research. Under the associative dual-process model the outcome devaluation paradigm has been used extensively to classify behaviours as being either goal-directed (sensitive to shifts in the value of associated outcomes) or habitual (triggered by stimuli without anticipation of consequences). This has proven to be a useful framework for studying the neurobiology of habit and relevance of habits in clinical psychopathology. However, in recent years issues have been raised about this rather narrow definition of habits in comparison to habitual behaviour experienced in the real world. Specifically, defining habits as the absence of goal-directed control, the very specific set-ups required to demonstrate habit experimentally and the lack of direct evidence for habits as stimulus-response behaviours are viewed as problematic. In this review paper we address key critiques that have been raised about habit research within the framework of the associative dual-process model. We then highlight novel research approaches studying different features of habits with methods that expand beyond traditional paradigms.
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Age-related differences in the effect of chronic alcohol on cognition and the brain: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:345. [PMID: 36008381 PMCID: PMC9411553 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important developmental period associated with increased risk for excessive alcohol use, but also high rates of recovery from alcohol use-related problems, suggesting potential resilience to long-term effects compared to adults. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the current evidence for a moderating role of age on the impact of chronic alcohol exposure on the brain and cognition. We searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 3, 2021. All human and animal studies that directly tested whether the relationship between chronic alcohol exposure and neurocognitive outcomes differs between adolescents and adults were included. Study characteristics and results of age-related analyses were extracted into reference tables and results were separately narratively synthesized for each cognitive and brain-related outcome. The evidence strength for age-related differences varies across outcomes. Human evidence is largely missing, but animal research provides limited but consistent evidence of heightened adolescent sensitivity to chronic alcohol's effects on several outcomes, including conditioned aversion, dopaminergic transmission in reward-related regions, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis. At the same time, there is limited evidence for adolescent resilience to chronic alcohol-induced impairments in the domain of cognitive flexibility, warranting future studies investigating the potential mechanisms underlying adolescent risk and resilience to the effects of alcohol. The available evidence from mostly animal studies indicates adolescents are both more vulnerable and potentially more resilient to chronic alcohol effects on specific brain and cognitive outcomes. More human research directly comparing adolescents and adults is needed despite the methodological constraints. Parallel translational animal models can aid in the causal interpretation of observed effects. To improve their translational value, future animal studies should aim to use voluntary self-administration paradigms and incorporate individual differences and environmental context to better model human drinking behavior.
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Exploring the Role of DARPP-32 in Addiction: A Review of the Current Limitations of Addiction Treatment Pathways and the Role of DARPP-32 to Improve Them. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We are amidst a global addiction crisis, yet stigmas surrounding addiction counterintuitively prevail. Understanding and appreciating the neurobiology of addiction is essential to dissolve this stigma and for the development of new pharmacological agents to improve upon currently narrow therapeutic options. This review highlights this and evaluates dopamine-and-cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32) as a potential target to treat various forms of substance abuse. Despite the proven involvement of DARPP-32 in addiction pathophysiology, no robust investigations into compounds that could pharmacologically modulate it have been carried out. Agents capable of altering DARPP-32 signalling in this way could prevent or reverse drug abuse and improve upon currently substandard treatment options.
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32
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Le TT, Cordero IP, Jawad MY, Swainson J, Di Vincenzo JD, Jaberi S, Phan L, Lui LMW, Ho R, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. The abuse liability of ketamine: A scoping review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:476-496. [PMID: 35623124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While ketamine has been used clinically over the past decades, it has only been recently shown to be a promising therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, ketamine and related dissociative agents may also be misused recreationally, creating significant concerns for abuse liability when prescribed for depression. Although the abuse potential of ketamine is widely recognized, there is limited evidence on the differential abuse liability of ketamine enantiomers, (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine. The current scoping review aims to summarize the extant literature on the abuse liability of (R,S)-ketamine and the enantiomers. A systematic search was conducted on the Embase, Medline, and APA PsycInfo databases from 1947 to July 29, 2021. Clinical and preclinical studies that assessed the abuse potential of (R,S)-ketamine, (S)-ketamine, and (R)-ketamine were screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. A total of 65 eligible studies were identified; 55 were preclinical studies and 10 were clinical studies. Only 4 preclinical studies evaluated the abuse liability of ketamine enantiomers. Available preclinical evidence suggests that (R,S)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine have greater risk for abuse compared to (R)-ketamine. (R)-ketamine, at the antidepressant-relevant doses in rodents, appears to be safe with minimal liability for abuse. Although the abuse potential of (R,S)-ketamine is well-established in animals, limited clinical studies indicate that single or repeated ketamine administrations in professionally controlled settings did not result in misuse, dependence, diversion and/or gateway activity in patients with TRD. However, most clinical studies were retrospective and did not systematically evaluate the abuse liability of ketamine via validated psychological scales/questionnaires. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to ascertain the abuse liability of racemic, (S)- and (R)-ketamine in TRD population, especially among patients with comorbid substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen T Le
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Pazos Cordero
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Youshay Jawad
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joshua D Di Vincenzo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saja Jaberi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Phan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Rossato DR, Rosa HZ, Rosa JLO, Milanesi LH, Metz VG, D'Àvila LF, Burger ME. Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5564-5573. [PMID: 35732868 PMCID: PMC9217176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant drug frequently related to addiction, which is characterized by functional and molecular changes in the brain reward system, favoring relapse development, and pharmacotherapies have shown low effectiveness. Considering the beneficial influences of tactile stimulation (TS) in different diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), here we evaluated if TS applied in adult rats could prevent or minimize the AMPH-relapse behavior also accessing molecular neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Following AMPH conditioning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, male rats were submitted to TS (15-min session, 3 times a day, for 8 days) during the drug abstinence period, which were re-exposed to the drug in the CPP paradigm for additional 3 days for relapse observation and molecular assessment. Our findings showed that besides AMPH relapse, TS prevented the dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), mu opioid receptor (MOR) increase, and AMPH-induced delta FosB (ΔFosB). Based on these outcomes, we propose TS as a useful tool to treat psychostimulant addiction, which is subsequent to clinical studies; it could be included in detoxification programs together with pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments already conventionally established.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Rossato
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - H Z Rosa
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J L O Rosa
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L H Milanesi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - V G Metz
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L F D'Àvila
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Namba MD, Phillips MN, Neisewander JL, Olive MF. Nuclear factor kappa B signaling within the rat nucleus accumbens core sex-dependently regulates cue-induced cocaine seeking and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:252-265. [PMID: 35259426 PMCID: PMC9116481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic drug self-administration and withdrawal are associated with distinct neuroimmune adaptations that may increase drug craving and relapse vulnerability in humans. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of many immune- and addiction-related genes such as the extracellular matrix enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is a known modulator of learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. While some studies suggest striatal NF-κB signaling may regulate drug-conditioned behavior, no studies to date have examined whether NF-κB signaling within the nucleus accumbens core (NAc core) alters downstream neuroimmune function and cue-motivated cocaine seeking following a period of forced abstinence, whether any effects are specific to cocaine over other reinforcers, or whether sex differences exist. Here, we examined whether viral-mediated knockdown of the p65 subunit of NF-κB within the NAc core would alter MMP-9 expression and cue-induced cocaine- and sucrose-seeking behavior following a period of forced abstinence in male and female rats. We demonstrate that NAc core p65 knockdown results in a significant decrease in cue-induced cocaine seeking in males but not females. This effect was specific to cocaine, as p65 knockdown did not significantly affect cue-induced sucrose seeking in either males or females. Moreover, we demonstrate that males express higher levels of MMP-9 within the NAc core and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) compared to females, and that p65 knockdown significantly decreases MMP-9 in the NAc core of males but not females among cocaine cue-exposed animals. Altogether, these results suggest that NAc core NF-κB signaling exerts modulatory control over cue-motivated drug-seeking behavior and downstream neuroimmune function in a sex-specific manner. These findings highlight the need to consider sex as an important biological variable when examining immunomodulatory mechanisms of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Namba
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Megan N Phillips
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Nall RW, Chalhoub RM, Kalivas PW. Drug versus non-drug behaviors: A dual-reward model of sex differences and neurobiological mechanisms in rats. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:457-471. [PMID: 35297047 PMCID: PMC10775707 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are an impactful problem characterized by chronic relapse and engagement in drug-related behaviors at the expense of non-drug behaviors. Brain regions implicated in drug and non-drug-related behaviors often overlap, complicating investigations of neurobiological mechanisms underlying SUDs. Here we presented a within-subject model for studying self-administration, reinforcer competition, extinction, and cued reinstatement of cocaine- and food-seeking in rats. Due to differences in cocaine- and food-reinforced behavior, we transformed data to proportions of baseline, revealing increased resistance to extinction and disproportionately greater cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking relative to food seeking. Consistent with previous reports, females showed greater preference for cocaine reinforcement than males, though these findings failed to reach statistical significance. To demonstrate the model's utility for investigating neurobiological mechanisms, we included proof-of-concept calcium imaging data demonstrating the utility of the behavioral model for detecting cellular activity patterns associated with cocaine- and food-seeking behaviors. Future studies utilizing this model should improve understanding of the development and expression of pathological behaviors characteristic of SUDs in humans, sex differences in these behaviors, and their neurobiological correlates. Thus, the model has utility for improving understanding of SUDs, leading to novel treatments to reduce the pathological behaviors associated with SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusty W. Nall
- Medical University of South Carolina
- Jacksonville State University
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Impact of the Aversive Effects of Drugs on Their Use and Abuse. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:8634176. [PMID: 35496768 PMCID: PMC9045991 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8634176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug use and abuse are complex issues in that the basis of each may involve different determinants and consequences, and the transition from one to the other may be equally multifaceted. A recent model of the addiction cycle (as proposed by Koob and his colleagues) illustrates how drug-taking patterns transition from impulsive (acute use) to compulsive (chronic use) as a function of various neuroadaptations leading to the downregulation of DA systems, upregulation of stress systems, and the dysregulation of the prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex. Although the nature of reinforcement in the initiation and mediation of these effects may differ (positive vs. negative), the role of reinforcement in drug intake (acute and chronic) is well characterized. However, drugs of abuse have other stimulus properties that may be important in their use and abuse. One such property is their aversive effects that limit drug intake instead of initiating and maintaining it. Evidence of such effects comes from both clinical and preclinical populations. In support of this position, the present review describes the aversive effects of drugs (assessed primarily in conditioned taste aversion learning), the fact that they occur concurrently with reward as assessed in combined taste aversion/place preference designs, the role of aversive effects in drug-taking (in balance with their rewarding effects), the dissociation of these affective properties in that they can be affected in different ways by the same manipulations, and the impact of various parametric, experiential, and subject factors on the aversive effects of drugs and the consequent impact of these factors on their use and abuse potential.
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Asth L, Santos AC, Moreira FA. The endocannabinoid system and drug-associated contextual memories. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:90-104. [PMID: 33491992 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuse and addiction can be initiated and reinstated by contextual stimuli previously paired with the drug use. The influence exerted by the context on drug-seeking behaviour can be modelled in experimental animals with place-conditioning protocols. Here, we review the effects of cannabinoids in place conditioning and the therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for interfering with drug-related memories. The phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) tends to induce conditioned place preference (CPP) at low doses and conditioned place aversion at high doses; cannabidiol is devoid of any effect, yet it inhibits CPP induced by some drugs. Synthetic CB1 receptor agonists tend to recapitulate the biphasic profile observed with THC, whereas selective antagonists/inverse agonists inhibit CPP induced by cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and opioids. However, their therapeutic use is limited by potential psychiatric side effects. The CB2 receptor has also attracted attention, because selective CB2 receptor agonists inhibit cocaine-induced CPP. Inhibitors of endocannabinoid membrane transport and hydrolysis yield mixed results. In targeting the endocannabinoid system for developing new treatments for drug addiction, future research should focus on 'neutral' CB1 receptor antagonists and CB2 receptor agonists. Such compounds may offer a well-tolerated pharmacological profile and curb addiction by preventing drug-seeking triggered by conditioned contextual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Nathan FM, Kibat C, Goel T, Stewart J, Claridge‐Chang A, Mathuru AS. Contingent stimulus delivery assay for zebrafish reveals a role for CCSER1 in alcohol preference. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13126. [PMID: 35229935 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are complex, multifactorial phenomena with a large footprint within the global burden of diseases. Here, we report the development of an accessible, two-choice self-administration zebrafish assay (SAZA) to study the neurobiology of addiction. Using this assay, we first demonstrated that, although zebrafish avoid higher concentrations of alcohol, they are attracted to low concentrations. Pre-exposure to alcohol did not change this relative preference, but acute exposure to an alcohol deterrent approved for human use decreased alcohol self-administration. A pigment mutant used in whole-brain imaging studies displayed a similar relative alcohol preference profile; however, mutants in CCSER1, a gene associated with alcohol dependence in human genetic studies, showed a reversal in relative preference. The presence of a biphasic response (hormesis) in zebrafish validated a key aspect of vertebrate responses to alcohol. SAZA adds a new dimension for discovering novel alcohol deterrents and studying the neurogenetics of addiction using the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Kibat
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Tanisha Goel
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - James Stewart
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Adam Claridge‐Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Ajay S. Mathuru
- Yale‐NUS College Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore
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Peart DR, Andrade AK, Logan CN, Knackstedt LA, Murray JE. Regulation of Cocaine-related Behaviors by Estrogen and Progesterone. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ide S, Kunitomo H, Iino Y, Ikeda K. Caenorhabditis Elegans Exhibits Morphine Addiction-like Behavior via the Opioid-like Receptor NPR-17. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:802701. [PMID: 35046825 PMCID: PMC8762297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.802701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction has become a profound societal problem worldwide, and few effective treatments are available. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent invertebrate model to study neurobiological disease states. C. elegans reportedly developed a preference for cues that had previously been paired with addictive drugs, similar to place conditioning findings in rodents. Moreover, several recent studies discovered and reported the existence of an opioid-like system in C. elegans. Still unclear, however, is whether C. elegans exhibits addictive-like behaviors for opioids, such as morphine. In the present study, we found that C. elegans exhibited dose-dependent preference for morphine using the conditioned chemosensory-cue preference (CCP) test. This preference was blocked by co-treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. C. elegans also exhibited aversion to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from chronic morphine exposure. The expression of morphine-induced CCP and morphine withdrawal were abolished in worms that lacked the opioid-like receptor NPR-17. Dopamine-deficient mutant (cat-2 (e1112)) worms also did not exhibit morphine-induced CCP. These results indicate that the addictive function of the opioid system exists in C. elegans, which may serve as a useful model of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ide
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kunitomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Peltz G, Tan Y. What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793961. [PMID: 35095607 PMCID: PMC8790171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Cannabidiol but not cannabidiolic acid reduces behavioural sensitisation to methamphetamine in rats, at pharmacologically effective doses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1593-1603. [PMID: 35435462 PMCID: PMC9110442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are non-psychoactive components of the cannabis plant. CBD has been well characterised to have anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity, whereas the behavioural effects of CBDA are less clear. Preclinical and clinical data suggests that CBD has antipsychotic properties and reduces methamphetamine self-administration in rats. An animal model that is commonly used to mimic the neurochemical changes underlying psychosis and drug dependence is methamphetamine (METH) sensitisation, where repeated administration of the psychostimulant progressively increases the locomotor effects of METH. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether CBD or CBDA attenuate METH-induced sensitisation of locomotor hyperactivity in rats. METHODS Eighty-six male Sprague Dawley rats underwent METH sensitisation protocol where they were subjected to daily METH (1 mg/kg on days 2 and 8, 5 mg/kg on days 3-7; i.p.) injections for 7 days. After 21 days of withdrawal, rats were given a prior injection of CBD (0, 40 and 80 mg/kg; i.p.) or CBDA (0, 0.1, 10 and 1000 µg/kg; i.p.) and challenged with acute METH (1 mg/kg; i.p.). Locomotor activity was then measured for 60 min. RESULTS Rats displayed robust METH sensitisation as evidenced by increased locomotor activity to METH challenge in METH-pretreated versus SAL-pretreated rats. CBD (40 and 80 mg/kg) reduced METH-induced sensitisation. There was no effect of any CBDA doses on METH sensitisation or acute METH-induced hyperactivity. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CBD, but not CBDA, reduces METH sensitisation of locomotor activity in rats at pharmacologically effective doses, thus reinforcing evidence that CBD has anti-addiction and antipsychotic properties.
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Basu A, Joshi T, Pal A, Gupta R. Management of chronic insomnia using hypnotics: a friend or a foe? Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:39-46. [PMID: 38469060 PMCID: PMC10900020 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that 10-15% adults meet the present criteria for the diagnosis of insomnia disorder; however, there may be geographical variations. Untreated insomnia disorders have a number of adverse health consequences in addition to economic burden caused by it. Available guidelines mention that CBT-I should be preferred over hypnotics. However, several patients of chronic insomnia are not candidate for CBT-I and for them, hypnotics are the only answer. This paper reviews the literature to answer following questions: What is the current understanding regarding place of hypnotics for in management of insomnia disorder? How many patients misuse or abuse hypnotics, especially benzodiazepines, as commonly believed? Do we have data from human studies regarding low-dose benzodiazepine dependence? What does hypnotics produce-withdrawal insomnia, rebound insomnia or end of dose phenomenon? Are adverse effects of benzodiazepines worse than other psychotropic medications? Is prescription of hypnotics more troublesome than untreated insomnia disorder? Available literature suggests that there is an unreasonable negative bias attached to the use of hypnotics. Only a sub-set of patients who are prescribed hypnotics, meet the criteria for "dependence" in long term. Other patients either discontinue it (as insomnia remits) or change to occasional use (since insomnia may be relapsing remitting disorder), or continue using it in low dose (since insomnia reappears as hypnotics are discontinued, similar to increase in blood sugar after hypoglycemics are discontinued). Meta-analysis shows that adverse effects of hypnotics are comparable to that of other psychotropic medications. Considering the consequences and risks associated with untreated insomnia disorder, even long-term use of hypnotics is justified, however with the careful watch that patients are not increasing the dose. This approach is especially important in geographical areas where trained CBT-I therapists are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, 741245 India
| | - Tanmay Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203 India
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareli, 229405 India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203 India
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Daldegan-Bueno D, Maia LO, Glass M, Jutras-Aswad D, Fischer B. Co-exposure of cannabinoids with amphetamines and biological, behavioural and health outcomes: a scoping review of animal and human studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1211-1230. [PMID: 34613429 PMCID: PMC9110457 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The growing prevalence of psychostimulant (including amphetamine) use and associated health harms, with limited treatment options, present a global challenge. There is an increasing availability and medical applications of cannabinoids, and growing interest in their therapeutic potential for addictive disorders. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to review available data regarding cannabis/cannabinoid co-use or exposure on amphetamine-related outcomes. METHODS Towards the present scoping review, we systematically searched four databases (Medline, Web-of-Science, CINAHL Plus and PsycInfo) using cannabis/cannabinoid and amphetamine text-terms identifying peer-reviewed, English-language studies published in 2000-2020 involving multiple methods approaches among both human and animal study samples, assessing the association of co-use/administration of cannabis/cannabinoids products with non-medical amphetamines on biological, behavioural or health outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included. Pre-clinical studies (n = 15) found mostly protective effects of single or repeated cannabinoids administration on rodents in amphetamine addiction models, amphetamine-induced models of human mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Human studies (n = 10) were more heterogeneously designed (e.g. cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal) and assessed natural ongoing cannabis and methamphetamine use or dependence, showing mostly enhanced harms in a diversity of outcomes (e.g. mental health, methamphetamine use, cognition). CONCLUSIONS While human studies suggest cannabis use as an adverse risk factor among non-medical amphetamine users, pre-clinical studies suggest therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, to alleviate amphetamine addiction and harms, including treatment outcomes. Given increasing psychostimulant harms but lack of care options, rigorous, high-quality design studies should aim to translate and investigate pre-clinical study results for potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids for amphetamine use/abuse in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Lucas O. Maia
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3 Canada
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 Otago New Zealand
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Universite de Montreal (CHUM), 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4 Canada ,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health & Addiction, Simon Fraser University, 515 W. Hastings Street,, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5K3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8Th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, Sao Paulo, 785 05403-903, Brazil.
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Danda H, Pinterová-Leca N, Šíchová K, Štefková-Mazochová K, Syrová K, Olejníková L, Končická M, Mazoch V, Lhotková E, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Effects of synthetic cathinone naphyrone in the conditioned place preference test - evidence of its addictive potential. Behav Brain Res 2021; 421:113713. [PMID: 34906607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Naphyrone, also known as NRG-1, is a novel psychoactive substance (NPS), a cathinone with stimulatory properties available on the grey/illicit drug market for almost a decade. It is structurally related to infamously known powerful stimulants with the pyrovalerone structure, such as alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) or methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) that are labeled as a cheap replacement for cocaine and other stimulants. Despite the known addictive potential of α-PVP and MDPV, there are no studies directly evaluating naphyrone's addictive potential e.g., in conditioned place preference (CPP) test or using self-administration. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the addictive potential in a CPP test in male Wistar rats and compare its effect to another powerful stimulant with a high addictive potential - methamphetamine. Naphyrone increased time spent in the drug-paired compartment with 5 and 20mg/kg s.c. being significant and 10mg/kg s.c. reaching the threshold (p = 0.07); the effect was comparable to that of methamphetamine 1.5mg/kg s.c. The lowest dose, naphyrone 1mg/kg s.c., had no effect on CPP. Interestingly, no dose response effect was detected. Based on these data, we are able to conclude that naphyrone has an addictive potential and may possess a significant risk to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková-Mazochová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Končická
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Mazoch
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.
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Marrero-Cristobal G, Gelpi-Dominguez U, Morales-Silva R, Alvarado-Torres J, Perez-Torres J, Perez-Perez Y, Sepulveda-Orengo M. Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1602-1642. [PMID: 34850988 PMCID: PMC9156662 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and public health impact of substance use disorders (SUDs), effective long-term treatments remain elusive. Aerobic exercise is a promising, nonpharmacological treatment currently under investigation as a strategy for preventing drug relapse. Aerobic exercise could be incorporated into the comprehensive treatment regimens for people with substance abuse disorders. Preclinical studies of SUD with animal models have shown that aerobic exercise diminishes drug-seeking behavior, which leads to relapse, in both male and female rats. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects of substance abuse-induced cellular and physiological adaptations believed to be responsible for drug-seeking behavior. Accordingly, the overall goal of this review is to provide a summary and an assessment of findings to date, highlighting evidence of the molecular and neurological effects of exercise on adaptations associated with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Gelpi-Dominguez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Roberto Morales-Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - John Alvarado-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Joshua Perez-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Yobet Perez-Perez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Marian Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
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47
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García-Fuster MJ. Adolescent animal models of addiction. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 53:1-3. [PMID: 34243021 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
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48
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Iriah SC, Borges C, Shalev U, Cai X, Madularu D, Kulkarni PP, Ferris CF. The utility of maraviroc, an antiretroviral agent used to treat HIV, as treatment for opioid abuse? Data from MRI and behavioural testing in rats. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E548-E558. [PMID: 34625487 PMCID: PMC8526136 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maraviroc is an antiretroviral agent and C-C chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist that is currently used to treat human immunodeficiency virus. CCR5/μ-opioid receptor heterodimerization suggests that maraviroc could be a treatment for oxycodone abuse. We treated rats with maraviroc to explore its effect on oxycodone-seeking and its interference with the analgesic effects of oxycodone. We used resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional connectivity to assess the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone-enhanced coupling in the reward circuitry and performed behavioural tests to evaluate the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone rewarding properties and on oxycodone-seeking after prolonged abstinence. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to 8 consecutive days of oxycodone-conditioned place preference training and treatment with maraviroc or vehicle. Two additional groups were trained to self-administer oxycodone for 10 days and then tested for drug seeking after 14 days of abstinence with or without daily maraviroc treatment. We tested the effects of maraviroc on oxycodone analgesia using a tail-flick assay. We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data using a rat 3-dimensional MRI atlas of 171 brain areas. RESULTS Maraviroc significantly decreased conditioned place preference and attenuated oxycodone-seeking behaviour after prolonged abstinence. The analgesic effect of oxycodone was maintained after maraviroc treatment. Oxycodone increased functional coupling with the accumbens, ventral pallidum and olfactory tubercles, but this was reduced with maraviroc treatment. LIMITATIONS All experiments were performed in male rats only. CONCLUSION Maraviroc treatment attenuated oxycodone-seeking in abstinent rats and reduced functional coupling in the reward circuitry. The analgesic effects of oxycodone were not affected by maraviroc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade C Iriah
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev).
| | - Catarina Borges
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Uri Shalev
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Dan Madularu
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Praveen P Kulkarni
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Craig F Ferris
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
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49
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Towers EB, Lynch WJ. The importance of examining sex differences in animal models validated to induce an addiction-like phenotype. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 209:173255. [PMID: 34416219 PMCID: PMC8456716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
| | - Wendy J Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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50
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Alcaro A, Brennan A, Conversi D. The SEEKING Drive and Its Fixation: A Neuro-Psycho-Evolutionary Approach to the Pathology of Addiction. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635932. [PMID: 34475816 PMCID: PMC8406748 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-ethological studies conducted by Panksepp and his colleagues have provided an understanding of how the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML DA) system leads to the emotional disposition to SEEK/Explore, which is involved in all appetitive motivated behavior and mental activity. In pathological addiction phenomena, this emotional disposition “fixes” itself on certain obsessive-compulsive habits, losing its versatility and its natural predisposition to spontaneous and unconditioned activation. Overall, the result is a consistent disinterest in everything that is not the object of addiction. From a neuro-psycho-evolutionary point of view, the predisposition to develop addictive behavior can be attributed to a loss of “functional autonomy” of the SEEKING/Explorative disposition. Indeed, as shown by animal and human studies, the tendency to be conditioned by situations and contexts that provide an immediate reward can be closely related to a deficit in the tonic endogenous activity of the ML DA-SEEKING system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alcaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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