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Wang D, Qi W, Mao X, Zhang Y, Miao Z, Zhu C, Shao Y, Ge G, Zhang W, Jin H, Zhu H, Pan H. Gui Qi Zhuang Jin Decoction ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia mice via AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 axis revealed by a metabolomics approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155908. [PMID: 39094439 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia, as a condition of muscle mass loss and functional decline typically diagnosed in elderly individuals, severely affects human physical activity, metabolic homeostasis, and quality of life. Gui Qi Zhuang Jin Decoction (GQZJD), an approved hospital-based prescription with years of clinical application, has been demonstrated to have a notable therapeutic effect on sarcopenia. However, its potential mechanism of action in the treatment of sarcopenia remains uncertain. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography paired with Q Exactive™ HF-X mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) was used to identify the ingredients of GQZJD. Subsequently, GQZJD observed the basic growth and muscles of the sarcopenia mouse, while the behavioral indicators were also tested. Muscle histopathology and serum oxidative stress biochemicals were also detected, and mitochondrial function and energy metabolism-related indicators in the gastrocnemius muscle were examined. Then, a metabolomics strategy was applied to predict possible pathways involving mitochondria by which GQZJD could improve sarcopenia. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were carried out to validate the effects of GQZJD on sarcopenia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, together with uncovering the associated mechanisms. RESULTS Twenty-seven ingredients absorbed into the blood (IAIBs) of GQZJD were identified using UPLC-QE-MS, which were regarded as the main active ingredients behind its sarcopenia treatment effects. GQZJD administration increased the body weight, gastrocnemius muscle mass, and autonomic activity, mitigated muscle tissue morphology and pathology; and alleviated the oxidative stress levels in sarcopenia mice. Treatment with GQZJD also decreased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level and serum lipid peroxide Malonaldehyde concentration. and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate level, 8‑hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and the mitochondrial fission factor dynamin-related protein 1. Non-targeted metabolomics suggested that the sarcopenia therapeutic effect of GQZJD on sarcopenia may occur through the glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, phenylalanine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism pathways, implying an association with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and related signals. Further, the molecular docking results hinted that AMPK performed well in terms of binding energy with the 27 IAIBs of GQZJD (average binding energy, -7.5 kcal/mol). Finally, we determined that GQZJD significantly activated the key targets of the AMPK/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis.. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that GQZJD ameliorated d-galactose-induced sarcopenia by promoting the animal behaviours, facilitating mitochondrial function and restoring mitochondrial energy metabolism. with its effects mediated by the AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 axis. Over all, GQZJD represents a promising therapeutic candidate that ameliorated sarcopenia in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Weihui Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Xinning Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Zhimin Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Chengyue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Yinyan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Guofen Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - HongTing Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
| | - Hang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Dingqiao Hospital, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, PR China.
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Mai Z, Chen Y, Mao H, Wang L. Association between the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017-2018. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13569. [PMID: 38751375 PMCID: PMC11096813 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have shown that sarcopenic obesity (SO) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research is limited in the context of the NAFLD renamed as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) defined by updated diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to use the index skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) to describe SO in a large and representative US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018) of adults and investigate their association with MASLD. METHODS A total of 2087 individuals were included in the analysis. SVR was calculated according to the measurement of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and MASLD was diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter scores and cardiometabolic risk factors. SVR was divided into tertiles. Logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the association between SVR and MASLD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings. RESULTS In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between SVR and MASLD was shown (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-7.39, p = .010 for middle levels of SVR; OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45-10.08, p = .007 for lowest levels of SVR). The sensitivity analyses confirmed that the association was robust. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that decreased SVR is linked to MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Mai
- Department of GastroenterologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenChina
| | - Yinfei Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenChina
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Deng C, Ou Q, Ou X, Pan D. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078933. [PMID: 38719326 PMCID: PMC11086578 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the incidence of sarcopenia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational clinical studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adults with NAFLD. METHODS Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from the inception of each database up to 4 April 2023. All cross-sectional studies on the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia were included in this study. The quality of the included studies and risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. STATA V.15.1 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 1524 retrieved articles, 24 were included in this review, involving 88 609 participants. Our findings showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (pooled OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.17). In a subgroup analysis by region, patients with NAFLD showed an increased risk of sarcopenia (pooled OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.51) in the Asian group, whereas patients with NAFLD had no statistically significant association with the risk of sarcopenia in the American and European groups, with a pooled OR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.40) for the American group and a pooled OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.21 to 4.69) for the European group. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analysis, and no evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The current study indicated a significant positive correlation between NAFLD and sarcopenia, which may be affected by regional factors. This study provides the correlation basis for the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia and helps to find the quality strategy of sarcopenia targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qifeng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuee Ou
- Changsha County Xingsha Hospital, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hey P, Hoermann R, Sinclair M, Chapman B, Testro A, Apostolov R, Angus P, Gow P. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not improve measures of sarcopenia in cirrhosis: results of a randomised controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:941-952. [PMID: 38404263 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in cirrhosis. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) target several pathways that lead to muscle loss in this population. AIMS We aimed to evaluate the impact of BCAA supplementation on sarcopenia measures in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS We conducted a 12-month double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial of BCAA supplementation (30 g daily) compared to an equicaloric, equi-nitrogenous whey protein in volunteers with cirrhosis and reduced muscle strength. The primary endpoint was an increase in grip strength and upper limb lean mass measured on DEXA. Mean-adjusted differences (MAD, 95% CI) between groups at 6 and 12 months are reported as treatment effect using a linear mixed model for repeated measures. RESULTS A total of 150 volunteers entered the trial (74 BCAA, 76 control), with a median age of 58 years [IQR 48; 63] and MELD of 14 [12; 17]. At 12 months, 57% in the BCAA arm and 61% in the control arm met the primary endpoint (p = 0.80). No significant between-group difference was found in grip strength (MAD -0.15 kg [-0.37; 0.06], p = 0.29) or upper limb lean mass (1.7 kg [-0.2; 3.6], p = 0.22) at 12 months. No significant differences in other body composition parameters, physical performance, frailty, rates of hospitalisation or mortality were found between the BCAA and the control group. Fatigue improved across the entire cohort, without significant between-group differences. 15% of volunteers reported side effects, with distaste higher in the BCAA arm (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION BCAA supplementation did not improve measures of muscle strength, mass or performance or physical frailty compared to a whey protein supplement in a randomised controlled setting. ACTRN12618000802202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke Chapman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Testro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Apostolov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gow
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Fernandez CJ, Nagendra L, Pappachan JM. Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease: An Urgent Call for Global Action. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 20:5-9. [PMID: 38812662 PMCID: PMC11132654 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.20.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
There has been an exponential increase in the global prevalence of fatty liver disease in recent years in association with the obesity pandemic worldwide. 'Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease', the new terminology adopted by an international panel of experts in 2020 to largely replace the old term 'non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', has now been accepted by most hepatologists and diabetologists across the globe. The term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was created to better reflect the metabolicand liver-specific manifestations and complications of fatty liver disease. It is important to disseminate our current understanding of this enigmatic disease among the global scientific fraternity. Recent publications, including articles from the latest issue of Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America, are attempting to fill this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - Lakshmi Nagendra
- Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, UK
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Xu M, Lin Y, Yang N, Li J, Li L, Ding H, Xu C. Relationship between skeletal muscle mass loss and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among Chinese patients with metabolic dysregulation. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20230963. [PMID: 38451586 PMCID: PMC10914329 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between skeletal muscle content and the presence and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic dysregulation in China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the endocrinology outpatient department at Ningbo First Hospital, in Ningbo, China, in April 2021. Adult patients with metabolic dysregulation who accepted FibroScan ultrasound were included in the study. However, those without clinical data on skeletal muscle mass were excluded. FibroScan ultrasound was used to noninvasively evaluate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. The controlled attenuation parameter was used as an evaluation index for the severity of liver steatosis. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure the skeletal muscle index. RESULTS A total of 153 eligible patients with complete data were included in the final analysis. As the grading of liver steatosis intensifies, skeletal muscle index decreases (men: Ptrend<0.001, women: Ptrend=0.001), while body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipid, uric acid, aminotransferase, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance increase (Ptrend<0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, a negative association between skeletal muscle index and the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was observed in men (OR=0.691, p=0.027) and women (OR=0.614, p=0.022). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cutoff values of skeletal muscle index for predicting the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease presence were 40.37% for men (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 61.5%) and 33.95% for women (sensitivity, 78.6%; specificity, 63.8%). CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle mass loss among patients with metabolic dysregulation was positively associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease severity in both sexes. The skeletal muscle index cutoff value could be used to predict metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,
Department of Gastroenterology – Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Department of
Endocrinology and Metabolism – Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Lin
- University of Nottingham, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Center for Health Economics – Ningbo, China
| | - Naibin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Metabolic
(Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Department of
Hepatology – Ningbo, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Department of
Endocrinology and Metabolism – Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Department of
Endocrinology and Metabolism – Ningbo, China
| | - Huiqing Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology – Ningbo, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,
Department of Gastroenterology – Hangzhou, China
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Gu S, Qiao Y, Liu S, Yang S, Cong S, Wang S, Yu D, Wang W, Chai X. Frontiers and hotspots of adipose tissue and NAFLD: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1278952. [PMID: 38187139 PMCID: PMC10768199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1278952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The annual incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise steadily. In recent years, adipose tissue (AT) has gained recognition as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Employing bibliometric analysis, we examined literature concerning AT and NAFLD. Methods: Relevant literature on AT in NAFLD from 1980 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. These records were visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer regarding publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Results: Since 2002, a total of 3,330 papers have been included, exhibiting an annual surge in publications. Notably, the quality of publications is superior in the USA and Europe. Kenneth Cusi stands out as the author with the highest number of publications and H-index. Hepatology is the journal boasting the highest citation and H-index. The University of California System holds the highest centrality among institutions. References specifically delve into physiological processes associated with AT in NAFLD. Currently, lipid metabolism and inflammation constitute the principal research mechanisms in the AT-based regulation of NAFLD, with pertinent keywords including microRNA, T cell, hypoxia, sarcopenia, hepatokine, gut microbiota, and autophagy. The Mediterranean diet is among the most widely recommended dietary approaches for potential NAFLD treatment. Conclusion: This paper represents the inaugural bibliometric study on the effects of AT on NAFLD, offering valuable insights and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Susu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangjie Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Cong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sili Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlou Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhou T, Ye J, Luo L, Wang W, Feng S, Dong Z, Zhuo S, Zhong B. Restoring skeletal muscle mass as an independent determinant of liver fat deposition improvement in MAFLD. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 38115119 PMCID: PMC10731792 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the association of skeletal muscle mass with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), while longitudinal data are scarce. We aimed to explore the impact of changes in relative skeletal muscle mass on the MAFLD treatment response. METHODS MAFLD patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction for liver fat content (LFC) assessments and bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after treatment (orlistat, meal replacement, lifestyle modifications) were enrolled. Appendicular muscle mass (ASM) was adjusted by weight (ASM/W). RESULTS Overall, 256 participants were recruited and divided into two groups: with an ASM/W increase (n=166) and without an ASM/W increase (n=90). There was a great reduction in LFC in the group with an ASM/W increase (16.9% versus 8.2%, P < 0.001). However, the change in LFC in the group without an ASM/W increase showed no significant difference (12.5% versus 15.0%, P > 0.05). △ASM/W Follow-up-Baseline [odds ratio (OR)=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.07, P = 0.024] and △total fat mass (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.87, P = 0.004) were independent predictors for steatosis improvement (relative reduction of LFC ≥ 30%). The subgroup analysis showed that, despite without weight loss, decrease in HOMA-IR (OR=6.21, 95% CI 1.28-30.13, P=0.023), △total fat mass Baseline -Follow-up (OR=3.48, 95% CI 1.95-6.21, P <0.001 and △ASM/W Follow-up-Baseline (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.12-4.05, P=0.022) independently predicted steatosis improvement. CONCLUSIONS ASM/W increase and loss of total fat mass benefit the resolution of liver steatosis, independent of weight loss for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Junzhao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyu Zhuo
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bihui Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Eng PC, Forlano R, Tan T, Manousou P, Dhillo WS, Izzi-Engbeaya C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women - Current knowledge and emerging concepts. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100835. [PMID: 37771547 PMCID: PMC10522907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, affecting up to 30% of adults. Progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key risk factor for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular events. Alterations in reproductive hormones are linked to the development and/or progression of NAFLD/NASH in women. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome and those with oestrogen deficiency are at increased risk of NAFLD/NASH, with higher mortality rates in older women compared to men of similar ages. NAFLD/NASH is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation in women without hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, a better understanding of NAFLD in women is needed to improve outcomes. In this review, we discuss the hormonal and non-hormonal factors that contribute to NAFLD development and progression in women. Furthermore, we highlight areas of focus for clinical practice and for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chia Eng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tricia Tan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Hu Q, Han K, Shen J, Sun W, Gao L, Gao Y. Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:263. [PMID: 37537679 PMCID: PMC10399060 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to explore the association of weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 6587 participants was conducted in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression was used to validate the association of WWI with NAFLD and liver fibrosis, and smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect models were used to validate non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were used to verify the stability of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in different populations. RESULTS There was a positive association of WWI with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. In the model adjusted for all covariates, the effect values of WWI with NAFLD and liver fibrosis were (OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 3.09-3.82) and (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 2.05-2.79), respectively. This positive correlation became more significant as WWI increased when WWI was presented in quartiles (P for trend < 0.01). Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis suggested a non-linear correlation between WWI and NAFLD (LLR < 0.01), with the positive correlation between WWI and NAFLD becoming more significant when WWI was less than 11.44 [5.93 (95% CI: 5.04-6.98)]. However, there was a linear correlation between WWI and liver fibrosis (LLR = 0.291). When subgroup analyses were performed by indicators such as age, race and gender, we found that the positive association between WWI and the dependent variables (NAFLD and liver fibrosis) was more pronounced in white male participants aged < 40 years. CONCLUSIONS Among adults in the United States, WWI was positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Participants with a WWI less than 11.44 should be cautious about the possibility of an increased risk of NAFLD development due to a higher WWI. Meanwhile, white males younger than 40 years of age should be more cautious about the higher risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis that might be associated with an increased WWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Kexing Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Jiapei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
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11
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Castera L, Cusi K. Diabetes and cirrhosis: Current concepts on diagnosis and management. Hepatology 2023; 77:2128-2146. [PMID: 36631005 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with cirrhosis as comorbidities, acute illness, medications, and other conditions profoundly alter glucose metabolism. Both conditions are closely related in NAFLD, the leading cause of chronic liver disease, and given its rising burden worldwide, management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in cirrhosis will be an increasingly common dilemma. Having diabetes increases cirrhosis-related complications, including HCC as well as overall mortality. In the absence of effective treatments for cirrhosis, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be systematically screened as early as possible for NAFLD-related fibrosis/cirrhosis using noninvasive tools, starting with a FIB-4 index followed by transient elastography, if available. In people with cirrhosis, an early diagnosis of diabetes is critical for an optimal management strategy (ie, nutritional goals, and glycemic targets). Diagnosis of diabetes may be missed if based on A1C in patients with cirrhosis and impaired liver function (Child-Pugh B-C) as anemia may turn the test unreliable. Clinicians must also become aware of their high risk of hypoglycemia, especially in decompensated cirrhosis where insulin is the only therapy. Care should be within multidisciplinary teams (nutritionists, obesity management teams, endocrinologists, hepatologists, and others) and take advantage of novel glucose-monitoring devices. Clinicians should become familiar with the safety and efficacy of diabetes medications for patients with advanced fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis. Management is conditioned by whether the patient has either compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. This review gives an update on the complex relationship between cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a focus on its diagnosis and treatment, and highlights knowledge gaps and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Castera
- Departement of Hepatology, Hospital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149, Université Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Kawaguchi T, Takahashi H, Gerber LH. Clinics in Liver Disease: Update on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Sarcopenia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:275-286. [PMID: 37024207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual diagnoses of sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increase the risk of all cause mortality and severe liver disease, regardless of nationality. General agreement about diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia includes loss of skeletal muscle mass, weakness, and reduced physical performance. Histopathology demonstrates loss of type 2 muscle fibers, more than type 1 fibers and myosteatosis, a risk factor for severe liver disease. Low skeletal mass and NAFLD are inversely related; the mechanism is through decreased insulin signaling and insulin resistance, critical for metabolic homeostasis. Weight loss, exercise, and increased protein intake have been effective in reducing NAFLD and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Lynn H Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Center for Liver Disease, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd Floor, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with obesity but around 10% to 20% of patients with NAFLD have normal body mass index, a condition referred to as lean or nonobese NAFLD. Although lean patients more often have milder liver disease, a proportion may nonetheless develop steatohepatitis and advanced liver fibrosis. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of NAFLD. Noninvasive tests have similarly good accuracy as initial assessments for lean NAFLD. Future studies should determine the most appropriate treatment in this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Arka De
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vincent Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Medical Data Analytics Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Han X, He X, Hao G, Cao L, Qi Y, Han K. The association of asthma duration with body mass index and Weight-Adjusted-Waist index in a nationwide study of the U.S. adults. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:122. [PMID: 36918990 PMCID: PMC10012562 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The association between obesity and asthma has been of interest, but whether the duration of asthma has an effect on obesity is still limitedly studied. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between asthma duration and obesity-related indexes, where obesity-related indexes include Body mass index (BMI) and Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI). METHODS Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2018 were obtained to conduct this cross-sectional study. Duration of asthma was used as the independent variable and obesity-related indexes as the response variables. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between the independent variable and the response variables, and subsequently smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed to clarify whether there was a nonlinear correlation between the independent variable and the response variables. Finally, subgroup analysis was conducted to find sensitive populations. RESULTS A total of 9170 participants were included in the analysis. Asthma duration was statistically different between the two groups when all participants were grouped by median WWI (Q1 < 11.65, Q2 ≥ 11.65) (P < 0.001), but not by median BMI (Q1 < 31.8, Q2 ≥ 31.8) (P = 0.130). There was a positive association between asthma duration and WWI [β = 0.016, 95% CI (0.016, 0.017)], but a negative one with BMI [β = - 0.098, 95% CI (- 0.112, - 0.085)], and the correlations between the independent and response variables became more pronounced with increasing asthma duration (P for trend < 0.01). In addition, there were nonlinear relationships between asthma duration with BMI and WWI (log likelihood ratio < 0.001), with the best valid inflection points for asthma duration being 2 years (with WWI as the response variable) and 3 years (with BMI as the response variable), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the positive association between asthma duration and WWI was more pronounced in the participants who were male, aged less than 40 years, and had asthma onset before 12 years of age. In contrast, when BMI was used as the response variable, the negative association between it and asthma duration was more pronounced among participants of female, aged 60 years or older, and with asthma onset less than 12 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In US adults, asthma duration might cause changes in obesity-related indexes. Longer asthma duration might cause weight loss, but might increase the risk of abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gui Hao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifang Cao
- Bozhou People's Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinliang Qi
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Kexing Han
- Bozhou People's Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023. [PMID: 37495340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The current evidence indicates a strong association between sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The two entities share many common pathophysiologic mechanisms, and their coexistence may result in higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, given their increasing incidence in the modern world, there is a need for a better understanding of the liver-muscle axis for early identification of sarcopenia in patients with MAFLD and vice versa. This review aims at presenting current data regarding the correlation between sarcopenia and MAFLD, the associated comorbidities, and the need for effective therapies.
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16
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Ko E, Yoon EL, Jun DW. Risk factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S79-S85. [PMID: 36517003 PMCID: PMC10029944 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, with a global prevalence estimated at approximately 25%. NAFLD is also the leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Additionally, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases with greater NAFLD severity. The liver- and cardiovascular disease-related mortality incident rate ratios among the NAFLD population were 0.77 and 4.79 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. We intend to discuss the risk factors associated with NAFLD in terms of development and progression. Obesity or higher body mass index is closely associated with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner, but growing evidence suggests that central obesity plays a more important role in the development of NAFLD. Saturated fat and fructose have been reported to be closely related to NAFLD. Fructose intake promotes lipogenesis and impairs mitochondria fat oxidation. The presence of type 2 diabetes is the most powerful predictive risk factor for hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Single nucleotide polymorphism is not only associated with the prevalence of NAFLD but also associated with increased liver disease mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea, intestinal dysbiosis, and sarcopenia are associated with the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Ko
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eileen L. Yoon
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Lin D, Song Y. Dapagliflozin Presented Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Through Metabolite Extraction and AMPK/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:75-84. [PMID: 36495240 DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing year by year. The experiments conducted on rat elucidated the effect and underlying mechanism of dapagliflozin in NAFLD. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFD (Fat accounts for 52%, carbohydrate 34% and protein 14%) for 12 weeks as NAFLD model. Dapagliflozin presented NAFLD in rat model. Dapagliflozin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat model of NAFLD. Dapagliflozin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro model of NAFLD. Dapagliflozin in a model of NAFLD metabolized into histamine H1 receptor, caffeine metabolism, mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis, choline metabolism in cancer, tryptophan metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Dapagliflozin induced AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway. The regulation of AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway affected the effects of dapagliflozin on nonalcoholic fatty liver. In summary, dapagliflozin plays a preventative role in NAFLD through metabolite extraction, the inhibition of oxidative stress, and inflammation by AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Dapagliflozin may be a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress and inflammation in model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Zambon Azevedo V, Ponnaiah M, Bel Lassen P, Ratziu V, Oppert JM. A diagnostic proposal for sarcopenic obesity in adults based on body composition phenotypes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:119-130. [PMID: 36513443 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) associates a decrease in lean body mass (LBM) with an excessive increase in fat mass (FM). A number of diagnostic methods, definitions criteria, and thresholds have been proposed for SO resulting in markedly discordant prevalence estimates in populations with obesity. In this study, we first assessed several previously described SO diagnostic criteria and their limitations, and then we propose an innovative approach for identifying SO. METHODS Data were from a cross-sectional study of a cohort of overweight/obese patients who underwent clinical, laboratory, and body composition assessments by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We performed unsupervised machine learning through clustering analysis to discriminate lean and fat compartments, and multivariate logistic regressions which provided prognostic variables applied on sex-specific models for SO diagnosis evaluation based on a training dataset (80% of total sample, n = 1165). The predicted models were validated by random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm in the validation dataset (20% of total sample, n = 262). RESULTS Data from 1427 subjects were analyzed, 79.8% women, mean (±s.d.) age 45.0 (±12.9) years, grade III obesity (BMI over 40 kg/m2) in 42.7%, diabetes in 20.7%, dyslipidemia in 86.3%, and arterial hypertension in 30.3%. Patients with grade III obesity had higher amounts of LBM, FM, and bone mass than subjects with overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2) (p-values < 0.001). When published definitions of SO were applied to this cohort, the prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 96.6%. We built a model that identified 62 (4.3%) individuals as SO, 1125 (78.9%) as non-SO, and 240 (16.8%) as borderline-SO. SO patients showed higher body weight, FM, bone mass, leptin levels, and hepatic steatosis index, but lower LBM and all muscle indexes than non-SO subjects (p-values ≤ 0.001). Patients in the SO and borderline-SO categories were more often females than males (4.5% vs. 3.8% and 16.9% vs. 16.7% respectively, p-value < 0.001) and had significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension than non-SO subjects. Males with SO also had higher cardiovascular risk score, while females had higher prevalence of respiratory disorders (p-values < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Current diagnostic criteria for SO result in widely discrepant prevalence values leading to diagnosis uncertainty. We developed and validated diagnostic criteria based on body composition phenotypes, specifically for overweight/obese subjects, which identified patients at risk of cardio-metabolic complications. This approach may improve the identification of sarcopenia in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zambon Azevedo
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, IHU ICAN, Paris, France.
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- ICAN I/O - Data Science, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, IHU ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bel Lassen
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches Research Unit, NutriOmics, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, IHU ICAN, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, IHU ICAN, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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19
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Ha NB, Lai JC. The bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:489-491. [PMID: 35347595 PMCID: PMC9464041 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, PO Box 0538, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, PO Box 0538, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Huh Y, Cho YJ, Nam GE. Recent Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:17-27. [PMID: 35332111 PMCID: PMC8987457 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the global obesity epidemic, the incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have increased worldwide, including among Koreans. Recently, the incidence rate of NAFLD in Korea was reported to be 45.1 per 1,000 person-years, and the prevalence as approximately 30% depending on the diagnostic methods used. The incidence of advanced fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as all-cause and liver-related mortality in NAFLD patients has increased substantially, imposing considerable public health costs in Korea. Genetic, demographic, environmental, and clinical factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Some genetic variants, such as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA-3) and sorting and assembly machinery component 50 (SAMM-50), play a major role in the occurrence of NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD and fibrosis increases with advancing age and in men. Nutritional factors, inadequate exercise, and sleep duration are also associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Obesity is a major risk factor for NAFLD; however, NAFLD in lean individuals has been noted in recent studies. Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome and its components are closely associated with NAFLD development and liver fibrosis with various underlying mechanisms. Sarcopenia likely shares a common pathophysiology with NAFLD. The rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence of NAFLD and its complications, as well as the associated healthcare burden, warrant early assessment of NAFLD and its risk factors to prevent NAFLD-related complications in high risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Zhang X, He Z, Si Q, Hu X, Yang L, Gu X, Du L, Wang L, Pan L, Li Y, Li J, Yang B, Gu X. The Association of Sarcopenia and Visceral Obesity with Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2229139. [PMID: 36387941 PMCID: PMC9652070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2229139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have specifically observed the relationship of sarcopenia, visceral obesity, or their joint effects with lean NAFLD in patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of lean NAFLD with sarcopenia, visceral obesity, and sarcopenic visceral obesity (SV) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Altogether, 1,112 T2DM patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 were enrolled, and 33.18% of them were diagnosed with lean NAFLD by abdominal ultrasonography. Body composition markers were measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by weight, and sarcopenia was defined as SMI < 1 standard deviation (SD) below the sex-specific average for a young reference population. Visceral obesity was defined as visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 100 cm2. Participants were categorized into one of the four body composition groups: nonsarcopenia/nonvisceral obesity (NN), nonsarcopenia/visceral obesity (NV), sarcopenia/nonvisceral obesity (SN), and SV. RESULTS Compared to those in the NN group, patients in the NV and SN groups had a higher risk of lean NAFLD after full adjustments (NV: OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.78; SN: OR =2.07; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.46). Of note, patients in the SV group had the highest odds of lean NAFLD (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 2.10, 5.17). There were no significant interaction effects between sarcopenia and metabolic risk factors on prevalent lean NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that SV was more closely associated with higher prevalent lean NAFLD than sarcopenia or visceral obesity alone in Chinese patients with T2DM. Besides, the harmful effect of sarcopenia on lean NAFLD was not influenced by visceral obesity or other metabolic risk factors. We hypothesize that increasing skeletal muscle mass more than just reducing visceral fat might be more optimal for the prevention and management of lean NAFLD, which needs further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiya Si
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjia Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingqian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, China
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