1
|
Cantu MA, Durham JA, McClymont EL, Vogel AH, Gobas FAPC. Low Dietary Uptake Efficiencies and Biotransformation Prevent Biomagnification of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in Rainbow Trout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38811014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) being considered for evaluation under the UN Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which specifically acknowledges risks of biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in traditional foods, a study into the mechanism of the biomagnification process of D4 and D5 in Rainbow trout was conducted by combining the absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion for bioaccumulation (ADME-B) approach to determine intestinal and somatic biotransformation rates and radiochemical analyses to identify metabolite formation. High rates of intestinal biotransformation of D4 and D5 (i.e., 2.1 (0.70 SE) and 0.88 (0.67 SE) day-1, respectively) and metabolite formation [i.e., 52.0 (17 SD)% of D4 and 56.5% (8.2 SD)% of D5 were metabolized] were observed that caused low dietary uptake efficiencies of D4 and D5 in fish of 15.5 (2.9 SE)% and 21.0 (6.5 SE)% and biomagnification factors of 0.44 (0.08 SE) for D4 and 0.78 (0.24 SE) kg-lipid·kg-lipid-1 for D5. Bioaccumulation profiles indicated little effect of growth dilution on the bioaccumulation of D4 and D5 in fish and were substantially different from those of PCB153. The study highlights the importance of intestinal biotransformation in negating biomagnification of substances in organisms and explains differences between laboratory tests and field observations of bioaccumulation of D4 and D5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Cantu
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Durham
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - E Lynn McClymont
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Annette H Vogel
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Frank A P C Gobas
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosales-Reina B, Cruz-Quesada G, Pujol P, Reinoso S, Elosúa C, Arzamendi G, López-Ramón MV, Garrido JJ. Determination of hazardous vapors from the thermal decomposition of organochlorinated silica xerogels with adsorptive properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119247. [PMID: 38815719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of organic groups into sol-gel silica materials is known to have a noticeable impact on the properties and structure of the resulting xerogels due to the combination of the properties inherent to the organic fragments (functionality and flexibility) with the mechanical and structural stability of the inorganic matrix. However, the reduction of the inorganic content in the materials could be detrimental to their thermal stability properties, limiting the range of their potential applications. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the thermal stability of hybrid inorganic-organic silica xerogels prepared from mixtures of tetraethoxysilane and organochlorinated triethoxysilane precursors. To this end, a series of four materials with a molar percentage of organochlorinated precursor fixed at 10%, but differing in the type of organic group (chloroalkyls varying in the alkyl-chain length and chlorophenyl), has been selected as model case study. The gases and vapors released during the thermal decomposition of the samples under N2 atmosphere have been analyzed and their components determined and quantified using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled to a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer and to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry unit. These analyses have allowed to identify up to three different thermal events for the pyrolysis of the organochlorinated xerogel materials and to elucidate the reaction pathways associated with such processes. These mechanisms have been found to be strongly dependent on the specific nature of the organic group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rosales-Reina
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT(2)), Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cruz-Quesada
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT(2)), Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Pujol
- Unidad Científico Técnica de Apoyo a La Investigación (UCTAI), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Reinoso
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT(2)), Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - César Elosúa
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gurutze Arzamendi
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT(2)), Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Victoria López-Ramón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Julián J Garrido
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT(2)), Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Londoño-Osorio S, Leon-Carreño L, Cala MP, Sierra-Zapata L. The gut metabolome in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women from Antioquia-Colombia. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1250413. [PMID: 38803424 PMCID: PMC11128665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1250413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during the perinatal period is an essential component of health and one that can severely impact the correct development of a human being and its overall condition, in all the subsequent stages of life. The availability of several compounds, mainly macronutrients and micronutrients, plays a key role in the balanced nutrition of both mother and baby and is a process with direct relation to the gut microbiome. Thus, we hereby refer to the set of small molecules derived from gut microbiome metabolism as the gut metabolome. These continuous processes occurring in the gut of a gestating or lactating mother related to microbial communities and nutrients, can be revealed by metabolomics. In this study, we explore for the first time the gut metabolome of pregnant and lactating women, from our region of Antioquia-Colombia, applying untargeted metabolomics by LC-QTOF-MS, and molecular networking. Regarding the gut metabolome composition of the cohort, we found, key metabolites that can be used as biomarkers of microbiome function, overall metabolic health, dietary intake, pharmacology, and lifestyle. In our cohort, pregnant women evidenced a significantly higher abundance of prostaglandins, alkaloids, corticosteroids, organosilicons, and natural toxins, while in lactating women, lipids stand out. Our results suggest that unveiling the metabolic phenotype of the gut microbiome of an individual, by untargeted metabolomics, allows a broad visualization of the chemical space present in this important niche and enables the recognition of influential indicators of the host's health status and habits, especially of women during this significant perinatal period. This study constitutes the first evidence of the use of untargeted LC-QTOF-MS coupled with molecular networking analysis, of the gut microbiome in a Colombian cohort and establishes a methodology for finding relative abundances of key metabolites, with potential use in nutritional and physiological state assessments, for future personalized health and nutrition practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Londoño-Osorio
- CIBIOP Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lizeth Leon-Carreño
- MetCore–Metabolomics Core Facility, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica P. Cala
- MetCore–Metabolomics Core Facility, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Sierra-Zapata
- CIBIOP Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clewell H, Greene T, Gentry R. Dermal absorption of cyclic and linear siloxanes: a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024; 27:106-129. [PMID: 38375664 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2024.2316843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic and linear siloxanes are compounds synthesized from silicon consisting of alternating atoms of silicone and oxygen [Si-O] units with organic side chains. The most common cyclic siloxanes are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), while the most common linear siloxanes are high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and low molecular weight volatile linear siloxanes known as hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5). These compounds (1) exhibit low dermal toxicity, (2) are generally inert and non-reactive, and (3) are compatible with a wide range of chemicals offering beneficial chemical properties which include the following: wash-off or transfer resistance from the skin, sun protection factor (SPF) enhancement, emolliency in cleaning products). Because of these properties, these compounds are incorporated into multiple consumer products for use on the skin, such as cosmetics and health-care products, with over 300,000 tons annually sold into the personal care and consumer products sector. Because of their widespread use in consumer products and potential for human dermal exposure, a comprehensive understanding of the dermal absorption and overall fate of siloxanes following dermal exposure is important. This review summarizes available data associated with the dermal absorption/penetration as well as fate of the most commonly used siloxane substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Clewell
- Ramboll Americas Engineering Services, Inc, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tracy Greene
- Ramboll Americas Engineering Services, Inc, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Robinan Gentry
- Ramboll Americas Engineering Services, Inc, Monroe, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferrara M, Steel DH, Romano MR. A minimum specification dataset for liquid ocular endotamponades: recommendations by a European expert panel. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1141-1149. [PMID: 38038728 PMCID: PMC10995036 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a minimum specification dataset to characterize liquid ocular endotamponades (OEs), namely silicone oil (SO), heavy SO (HSO), perfluorodecalin (PFD), and perfluoro-octane (PFO), in terms of physicochemical properties, purity and available evidence of safety, in line with ISO16672:2020. METHODS An evidence-based consensus using the expert panel technique was conducted. Two facilitators led a committee of 11 European experts. Facilitators prepared a dataset for each compound including the list of specifications relevant for the safety, identified by the group members on the basis of expertise and a comprehensive literature review. Each item was ranked by each member using a 9-point scale from 1 "absolutely to not include" to 9 "absolutely to include" in two rounds followed by discussion. Only items reaching consensus (score ≥ 7 from ≥ 75% of members) were included in the final datasets. RESULTS For all OEs, consensus was reached to include manufacturer, density, refractive index, chemical composition, dynamic viscosity, interfacial and surface tension, endotoxins, in vitro cytotoxicity assessment, and any evidence from ex vivo and/or in vivo tests for safety assessment. Additional specifications were added for SO (molecular weight distribution, content of oligosiloxanes with MW ≤ 1000 g/mol, spectral transmittance) and PFD/PFO (% of pure PFD/PFO in the final product, vapor pressure, chemical analyses performed for safety assessment). CONCLUSION The proposed evidence-based minimum specification datasets for SO, HSO, PFD, and PFO have the potential to provide surgeons and health service purchasers with an easily available overview of the most relevant information for the safety assessment of OEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Hw Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK.
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Bergamo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Puozzo H, Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R. Integrating Benzoxazine-PDMS 3D Networks with Carbon Nanotubes for flexible Pressure Sensors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301791. [PMID: 37937983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Shapeable and flexible pressure sensors with superior mechanical and electrical properties are of major interest as they can be employed in a wide range of applications. In this regard, elastomer-based composites incorporating carbon nanomaterials in the insulating matrix embody an appealing solution for designing flexible pressure sensors with specific properties. In this study, PDMS chains of different molecular weight were successfully functionalized with benzoxazine moieties in order to thermally cure them without adding a second component, nor a catalyst or an initiator. These precursors were then blended with 1 weight percent of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using an ultrasound probe, which induced a transition from a liquid-like to a gel-like behavior as CNTs generate an interconnected network within the matrix. After curing, the resulting nanocomposites exhibit mechanical and electrical properties making them highly promising materials for pressure-sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Puozzo
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Materia Nova Research Center, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium) E-mail: s
| | - Shamil Saiev
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Materia Nova Research Center, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium) E-mail: s
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Bakker E, Zada L, Schmidt RW, van Haasterecht L, Vethaak AD, Ariese F, Dijkman HBPM, Bult P, Gibbs S, Niessen FB. Baker Grade IV Capsular Contracture Is Correlated with an Increased Amount of Silicone Material: An Intrapatient Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:1191-1200. [PMID: 36877628 PMCID: PMC10666937 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast implant surgery is one of the most frequently performed procedures by plastic surgeons worldwide. However, the relationship between silicone leakage and the most common complication, capsular contracture, is far from understood. This study aimed to compare Baker grade I with Baker grade IV capsules regarding their silicone content in an intradonor setting, using two previously validated imaging techniques. METHODS Twenty-two donor-matched capsules from 11 patients experiencing unilateral complaints were included after bilateral explantation surgery. All capsules were examined using both stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging and staining with modified oil red O (MORO). Evaluation was done visually for qualitative and semiquantitative assessment and automated for quantitative analysis. RESULTS Using both SRS and MORO techniques, silicone was found in more Baker grade IV capsules (eight of 11 and 11 of 11, respectively) than in Baker grade I capsules (three of 11 and five of 11, respectively). Baker grade IV capsules also showed significantly more silicone content compared with the Baker grade I capsules. This was true for semiquantitative assessment for both SRS and MORO techniques ( P = 0.019 and P = 0.006, respectively), whereas quantitative analysis proved to be significant for MORO alone ( P = 0.026 versus P = 0.248 for SRS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study, a significant correlation between capsule silicone content and capsular contracture is shown. An extensive and continued foreign body response to silicone particles is likely to be responsible. Considering the widespread use of silicone breast implants, these results affect many women worldwide and warrant a more focused research effort. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Bakker
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit
| | - Liron Zada
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Robert W. Schmidt
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences
| | - Ludo van Haasterecht
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences
| | - A. Dick Vethaak
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems
| | - Freek Ariese
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences
| | | | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menzel R, Korzun A, Golz C, Maier T, Pahl I, Hauk A. Dimethylsilanediol from silicone elastomers: Analysis, release from biopharmaceutical process equipment, and clearance studies. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123441. [PMID: 37774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Polysiloxanes are considered one of the most important commercial families of synthetic elastomers. They are frequently employed in biopharmaceutical manufacturing equipment as flexible single-use solutions due to superior material properties and compatibility with diverse sterilization methods. Extractables and leachables (E&L) testing is essential in qualifying such equipment, involving extraction studies to assess the potential release of compounds from plastic components for risk assessment. Silicone releases oligomeric siloxanes and small hydrolysis products, with dimethylsilanediol (DMSD) being the main hydrolysis product found in significant concentrations in aqueous process solutions. DMSD presents challenges for analysis, requiring specifically tailored analytical methods to detect it, which are commonly not applied in standard E&L screening tests. In biopharmaceutical manufacturing, it is relevant to consider the potential of DMSD to repolymerize into silicone oil when specific process parameters are altered. This may lead to interactions with drug ingredients, including proteins, resulting in the formation of aggregates. We synthesized and characterized DMSD using X-ray structure analysis and established an HPLC method with a refractive index detector to investigate the release of DMSD from commercially available silicone tubing used in drug manufacturing following autoclaving and irradiation. Subsequently, we assessed typical biopharmaceutical downstream operations for effectively removing this compound from the process stream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Menzel
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - André Korzun
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christopher Golz
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Maier
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Pahl
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Hauk
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gu F, Zhang K, Zhu WA, Sui Z, Li J, Xie X, Yu T. Silicone rubber sealed channel induced self-healing of large bone defects: Where is the limit of self-healing of bone? J Orthop Translat 2023; 43:21-35. [PMID: 37965195 PMCID: PMC10641457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large defects of long tubular bones due to severe trauma, bone tumor resection, or osteomyelitis debridement are challenging in orthopedics. Bone non-union and other complications often lead to serious consequences. At present, autologous bone graft is still the gold standard for the treatment of large bone defects. However, autologous bone graft sources are limited. Silicon rubber (SR) materials are widely used in biomedical fields, due to their safety and biocompatibility, and even shown to induce nerve regeneration. Materials and methods We extracted rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in vitro and verified the biocompatibility of silicone rubber through cell experiments. Then we designed a rabbit radius critical sized bone defect model to verify the effect of silicone rubber sealed channel inducing bone repair in vivo. Results SR sealed channel could prevent the fibrous tissue from entering the fracture end and forming bone nonunion, thereby inducing self-healing of long tubular bone through endochondral osteogenesis. The hematoma tissue formed in the early stage was rich in osteogenesis and angiogenesis related proteins, and gradually turned into vascularization and endochondral osteogenesis, and finally realized bone regeneration. Conclusions In summary, our study proved that SR sealed channel could prevent the fibrous tissue from entering the fracture end and induce self-healing of long tubular bone through endochondral osteogenesis. In this process, the sealed environment provided by the SR channel was key, and this might indicate that the limit of self-healing of bone exceeded the previously thought. The translational potential of this article This study investigated a new concept to induce the self-healing of large bone defects. It could avoid trauma caused by autologous bone extraction and possible rejection reactions caused by bone graft materials. Further research based on this study, including the innovation of induction materials, might invent a new type of bone inducing production, which could bring convenience to patients. We believed that this study had significant meaning for the treatment of large bone defects in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wan-an Zhu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi L, Boulègue-Mondière A, Blanc D, Baceiredo A, Branchadell V, Kato T. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic oligosiloxanes without producing cyclic oligomers. Science 2023; 381:1011-1014. [PMID: 37651508 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing problem associated with silicone synthesis is contamination of the polymer products with 10 to 15% cyclic oligosiloxanes that results from backbiting reactions at the polymer chain ends. This process, in competition with chain propagation through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers, was thought to be unavoidable and routinely leads to a thermodynamically controlled reaction mixture (polymer/cyclic oligosiloxanes = 85/15). Here, we report that simple alcohol coordination to the anionic chain ends prevents the backbiting process and that a well-designed phosphonium cation acts as a self-quenching system in response to loss of coordinating alcohols to stop the reaction before the backbiting process begins. The combination of both effects allows a thermodynamically controlled ROP of the eight-membered siloxane ring D4 without producing undesirable cyclic oligosiloxanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limiao Shi
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rabe DC, Ho U, Choudhury A, Wallace J, Luciani E, Lee D, Flynn E, Stott SL. Aryl-diazonium salts offer a rapid and cost-efficient method to functionalize plastic microfluidic devices for increased immunoaffinity capture. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2300210. [PMID: 38283881 PMCID: PMC10812904 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been used for decades to isolate cells, viruses, and proteins using on-chip immunoaffinity capture using biotinylated antibodies, proteins, or aptamers. To accomplish this, the inner surface is modified to present binding moieties for the desired analyte. While this approach has been successful in research settings, it is challenging to scale many surface modification strategies. Traditional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices can be effectively functionalized using silane-based methods; however, it requires high labor hours, cleanroom equipment, and hazardous chemicals. Manufacture of microfluidic devices using plastics, including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), allows chips to be mass produced, but most functionalization methods used with PDMS are not compatible with plastic. Here we demonstrate how to deposit biotin onto the surface of a plastic microfluidic chips using aryl-diazonium. This method chemically bonds biotin to the surface, allowing for the addition of streptavidin nanoparticles to the surface. Nanoparticles increase the surface area of the chip and allow for proper capture moiety orientation. Our process is faster, can be performed outside of a fume hood, is very cost-effective using readily available laboratory equipment, and demonstrates higher rates of capture. Additionally, our method allows for more rapid and scalable production of devices, including for diagnostic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Rabe
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Uyen Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Adarsh Choudhury
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Jessica Wallace
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Evelyn Luciani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Dasol Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Elizabeth Flynn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moussa G, Tadros M, Ch'ng SW, Ferrara M, Kalogeropoulos D, Sharma A, Lett KS, Mitra A, Tyagi AK, Andreatta W. Unexplained visual loss in retinal detachment repair: comparing gas, silicone oil and heavy silicone oil by multivariable regression. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 37120629 PMCID: PMC10148464 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the proportion of unexplained and all causes of visual loss following primary rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachment (RRD) repair, comparing gas tamponade (SF6, C2F6, C3F8), silicone oil (SO, 1000cs and 5000cs) and heavy silicone oil (Densiron). METHODS Retrospective, continuous, comparative study from 01/1/2017-31/5/2021. All primary RRDs were included after successful removal of SO and Densiron. Primary failures were excluded. Visual loss was defined as reduction of ≥0.30 logMAR units. Multivariable binary-logistic and linear regression models to compare tamponade, and all cases of unexplained visual loss and logMAR gain were performed. Covariates included age, ocular co-morbidities, pre-op vision, macula-status, high-myopia, giant-retinal-tear (GRT), perfluorocarbon-use, combined buckle/PPV, PVR-C, retinectomy, tamponade agent and post-operative lens status. RESULTS Of 1,012 primary RRDs, we found an incidence of unexplained visual loss in 15/1012 (1.5%, SF6:1/341[0.3%], C2F6:4/338[1.2%], C3F8:2/239[0.8%], Densiron:0/33[0.0%], SO-1000cs:5/43[11.6%] and SO-5000cs:3/18[16.7%]), and visual loss of all causes in 57/1012 (5.6%, SF6:13/341[3.8%], C2F6:14/338[4.1%], C3F8:15/239[6.3%], Densiron:2/33[6.1%], SO-1000cs:9/43[20.9%] and SO-5000cs:4/18[22.2%]). On multivariable binary-logistic regression, we report that macula-on RRD (Odds-Ratio[OR]5.7,95% Confidence-interval[CI]1.2-28.2, p=0.032), GRT (OR35.0,CI 2.0-617.3, p=0.015), combined buckle/PPV (OR37.7,CI 2.0-711.4, p=0.015), SO1000cs (OR86.6,CI 5.6-1,348.0), p=0.001) and 5000cs (OR37.2,CI 1.3-1,101.5, p=0.036) (Reference-tamponade:SF6) were associated with unexplained visual loss. Duration of oil tamponade was not linked to increase in unexplained visual loss (p=0.569). CONCLUSIONS Correlation between SO in detachment repairs and unexplained visual loss has been established, however incidence with HSO has not been compared to other agents. This study demonstrates that although SO was linked with risk-adjusted increased unexplained visual loss relative to gas tamponade, no such association was found for Densiron, on multivariable analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Moussa
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre and Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Maria Tadros
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre and Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Soon Wai Ch'ng
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre and Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ash Sharma
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Kim Son Lett
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Arijit Mitra
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Ajai K Tyagi
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Walter Andreatta
- Birmingham Midlands Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
- Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumari K, Singh A, Marathe D. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (D4, D5, and D6) as the emerging pollutants in environment: environmental distribution, fate, and toxicological assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-25568-7. [PMID: 36809612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) have now become a subject of environmental contamination and risk assessment due to their widespread use and occurrence in different environmental matrices. Due to their exceptional physio-chemical properties, these compounds are diversely used for formulations of consumer products and others implying their continuous and significant release to environmental compartments. This has captured the major attention of the concerned communities on the grounds of potential health hazards to human and biota. The present study aims at comprehensively reviewing its occurrence in air, water, soil, sediments, sludge, dusts, biogas, biosolids, and biota and their environmental behavior as well. Concentrations of cVMS in indoor air and biosolids were higher; however, no significant concentrations were observed in water, soil, and sediments except for wastewaters. No threat to the aquatic organisms has been identified as their concentrations do not exceed the NOEC (maximum no observed effect concentration) thresholds. Mammalian (rodents) toxicity hazards were not very evident except for the occurrence of uterine tumors in very rare cases under long-term chronic and repeated dose exposures in laboratory conditions. Human relevancy to rodents were also not strongly enough established. Therefore, more careful examinations are required to develop stringent weight of evidences in scientific domain and ease the policy making with respect to their production and use so as to combat any environmental consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata Zonal Centre, 700 107, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - Anshika Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Marathe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gafar Ahmed M, AlHammad ZA, Al-Jandan B, Almohammadi T, Khursheed Alam M, Bagde H. Silicone Facial Implants, to Fixate or Not to Fixate: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e34524. [PMID: 36874350 PMCID: PMC9984266 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicone implants are one of the most widely used implants for facial augmentation, especially in the chin, mandibular angle, and malar area, utilizing different surgical approaches. Despite their various advantages, many complications have also been reported, including hematoma, infection, bone resorption, numbness, displacement, and asymmetry. This study aims to evaluate the need for facial-implant fixation and compare and contrast fixated and nonfixated facial silicone implants in different facial sites. A narrative review of the topic of facial-implant stabilization using the PubMed database inclusion criteria included articles that discussed the topic of facial implants, were published in English, and included critical information such as the location of the implant, type of stabilization, follow-up periods, and complications. A total of 11 studies were included. Of these, two were prospective clinical studies, three were case series, and the remaining six were retrospective clinical studies. The studies were published between 1995 and 2018. The sample size varied from 2 to 601 cases. Stabilization includes suturing, monocortical screws, or no stabilization. Complications were reported in most of these studies, including asymmetry, bone resorption or erosion, displacement, dissatisfaction, edema, hematoma, infection, mucosal irritation, pain, and paresthesia. The follow-up period ranged from one month to 17 years. Despite the varied settings of these studies, silicone facial implant complications were reported in both fixated and nonfixated implants, with a lack of significant differences between fixated and nonfixated facial silicone implants regarding the method of fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gafar Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Ziyad A AlHammad
- Saudi Board of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Badr Al-Jandan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Turki Almohammadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | | | - Hiroj Bagde
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Woźnica M, Sobiech M, Luliński P. A Fusion of Molecular Imprinting Technology and Siloxane Chemistry: A Way to Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 36677999 PMCID: PMC9863567 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology is a well-known strategy to synthesize materials with a predetermined specificity. For fifty years, the "classical" approach assumed the creation of "memory sites" in the organic polymer matrix by a template molecule that interacts with the functional monomer prior to the polymerization and template removal. However, the phenomenon of a material's "memory" provided by the "footprint" of the chemical entity was first observed on silica-based materials nearly a century ago. Through the years, molecular imprinting technology has attracted the attention of many scientists. Different forms of molecularly imprinted materials, even on the nanoscale, were elaborated, predominantly using organic polymers to induce the "memory". This field has expanded quickly in recent years, providing versatile tools for the separation or detection of numerous chemical compounds or even macromolecules. In this review, we would like to emphasize the role of the molecular imprinting process in the formation of highly specific siloxane-based nanomaterials. The distinct chemistry of siloxanes provides an opportunity for the facile functionalization of the surfaces of nanomaterials, enabling us to introduce additional properties and providing a way for vast applications such as detectors or separators. It also allows for catalyzing chemical reactions providing microreactors to facilitate organic synthesis. Finally, it determines the properties of siloxanes such as biocompatibility, which opens the way to applications in drug delivery and nanomedicine. Thus, a brief outlook on the chemistry of siloxanes prior to the discussion of the current state of the art of siloxane-based imprinted nanomaterials will be provided. Those aspects will be presented in the context of practical applications in various areas of chemistry and medicine. Finally, a brief outlook of future perspectives for the field will be pointed out.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bains P, Kaur S. Silicone in Dermatology: An Update. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:14-20. [PMID: 37383974 PMCID: PMC10298615 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_204_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicones aka siloxanes are synthetic compounds, which contain siloxane bonds, i.e., the repeat unit -Si-O- with organic side groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, fluoroalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, mercapto, hydrogen, and vinyl attached to the silicon atoms. They have ability to create short, long, or complex organosilicone oligomer and polymer particles. The siloxane bond in silicone is very strong and highly stable with nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and hypoallergic properties. Silicone compounds have become one of the key ingredients in various skin care products namely moisturizers, sunscreen, color cosmetics, hair shampoos, etc. This review focuses on an update on various indications of silicone in dermatology. For this review, the literature search was conducted using keywords such as silicone and role of silicone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bains
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Simplepreet Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Government Multispeciality Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aabith S, Caulfield R, Akhlaghi O, Papadopoulou A, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Tiwari MK. 3D direct-write printing of water soluble micromoulds for high-resolution rapid prototyping. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2022; 58:None. [PMID: 37720325 PMCID: PMC10499758 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Direct-write printing has contributed tremendously to additive manufacturing; in particular extrusion based printing where it has extended the range of materials for 3D printing and thus enabled use across many more sectors. The printing inks for direct-write printing however, need careful synthesis and invariably undergo extensive preparation before being able to print. Hence, new ink synthesis efforts are required every time a new material is to be printed; this is particularly challenging for low storage modulus (G') materials like silicones, especially at higher resolutions (under 10 µm). Here we report the development of a precise (< 10 µm) 3D printable polymer, with which we 3D print micromoulds which are filled with standard silicones like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and left to cure at room temperature. The proof of concept is demonstrated using a simple water soluble polymer as the mould material. The approach enables micrometre scale silicone structures to be prototyped with ease, away from the cleanroom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saja Aabith
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Richard Caulfield
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
- UCL Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Omid Akhlaghi
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Retinal and Corneal Changes Associated with Intraocular Silicone Oil Tamponade. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175234. [PMID: 36079165 PMCID: PMC9457190 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone oils (SO) are used as long-term intraocular tamponades and have an irreplaceable role in vitreoretinal surgery. They can, however, be associated with multiple and potentially severe complications, involving different ocular tissues, in particular retina and cornea. Recent advances in ophthalmic imaging have allowed the precise characterization of retinal and corneal microstructural changes, at a subclinical level. This detailed analysis of SO-related retinal and corneal changes has improved our understanding of their pathogenesis and offer the potential for optimized monitoring and management of patients with SO-filled eyes. This review aims to provide clinicians and ophthalmic scientists with an updated and comprehensive overview of the corneal and retinal changes associated with SO tamponade.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sounouvou HT, Lechanteur A, Piel G, Evrard B. Silicones in dermatological topical drug formulation: Overview and advances. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122111. [PMID: 35973590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicones, more specifically those of the polydimethylsiloxane type, have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for decades, particularly in topical applications. In the dermatological field, in addition to provide undeniable textural and sensory benefits, they can play important functions in the physicochemical properties, stability and biopharmaceutical behavior of these formulations. However, despite the notable advances that can be attributed to the family of silicones, the reputation of these compounds is quite bad. Indeed, silicones, even if they derive from sand, are synthetic compounds. Moreover, they are not biodegradable. They flow into our wastewater and oceans, accumulating in the fauna and flora. This obviously raises many concerns in the common imagination. Do silicones represent a danger for our environment? Should the human species worry about long term toxic effects? Are the claimed benefits really that important? After exploring the various applications of silicone excipients in topical dermatological formulations with a special focus on recent advances which open breathtaking prospects for dermatological applications, this paper shed light on the specific challenges involved in preparation of silicone-based drug as well as, the in vivo behavior of these polymers, the toxicological and environmental risks associated with their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope T Sounouvou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory (MOCL), School of Pharmacy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Campus du Champ de Foire, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jessup WH, Wiegand J, Delbridge-Perry M, MacAvoy SE, Connaughton VP. Developmental effects of siloxane exposure in zebrafish: a comparison study using laboratory-mixed and environmental water samples. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1986-2004. [PMID: 35863877 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Siloxanes are used in personal care, biomedical, and industrial products. Their worldwide use and persistence in the environment cause consistent exposure for both humans and aquatic animals. Two siloxane congeners, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS 541-02-6) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4; CAS 556-67-2), are among the most prevalent, with measurable levels in air, sediment, water, and biological samples. However, few studies have examined the impact of developmental (embryo/larva) exposure. To address this gap, we performed parallel experiments using wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio). One set of experiments used laboratory-mixed individual solutions containing either D4, D5, or 2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4 H ; CAS 2370-88-9); the other used environmental water samples containing a mixture of siloxanes, including D4 and D5. These samples were collected from Bladensburg Waterfront Park (BWP) a site along the Anacostia River, Washington, DC. In both experiments, zebrafish (24-48 hours postfertilization, hpf) were exposed until 7 or 14 days (d)pf. Chronic exposure to D4, D5, or BWP water until 7 dpf caused stress-like behaviors and reduced swim velocities; anatomical differences were noted only in BWP-exposed larvae. At 14 dpf, BWP-treated larvae still showed slower swimming velocities and increased immobility; anatomical differences were no longer evident and thigmotactic behavior was reduced. D4 and D5-exposed larvae did not survive after 10 dpf. Larvae exposed to D4 H showed no decreases in behavior or growth at either age. These results suggest early developmental sensitivity to siloxane exposure and point to the need to consider embryonic/larval endpoints when assessing aquatic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Wiegand
- Departments of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Stephen E MacAvoy
- Departments of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Departments of Biology, American University, Washington, DC.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Richards E, Ye SH, Ash SR, Li L. Developing a Selective Zirconium Phosphate Cation Exchanger to Adsorb Ammonium: Effect of a Gas-Permeable and Hydrophobic Coating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8677-8685. [PMID: 35786968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A sorbent with a high enough capacity for NH4+ could serve as an oral binder to lower urea levels in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. A hydrogen-loaded cation exchanger such as zirconium phosphate Zr(HPO4)2·H2O (ZrP) is a promising candidate for this application. However, the NH4+ binding selectivity versus other ions must be improved. Here, we have developed a gas-permeable and hydrophobic surface coating on an amorphous form of ZrP using tetraethyl orthosilicate and methoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. The hydrophobic coating serves as a barrier to ions in water solution from reaching the ion-exchanger's surface. Meanwhile, its gas-permeable nature allows for gaseous ammonia transfer to the cation exchanger. In vitro studies were designed to replicate the small intestine's expected ion concentrations and exposure time to the sorbent. The effectiveness of the coating was measured with NH4+ and Ca2+ solutions and uncoated ZrP as the negative control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements show that the coating successfully modifies the surface of the cation exchanger─ZrP. Water contact angle studies indicate that coated ZrP is hydrophobic with an angle of (149.8 ± 2.5°). Simulated small intestine solution studies show that the coated ZrP will bind 94% (±11%) more NH4+ than uncoated ZrP in the presence of Ca2+. Meanwhile, Ca2+ binding decreases by 64% (±6%). The nearly fourfold increase in NH4+ selectivity can be attributed to the gas-permeable and hydrophobic coating applied on the ZrP surface. This work suggests a novel pathway to develop a selective cation exchanger for treating ESKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Richards
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen R Ash
- Nephrology Department, Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital, Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
- CEO, HemoCleanse Technologies, LLC, Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zimny S, Tarnacka M, Kamińska E, Wrzalik R, Adrjanowicz K, Paluch M, Kamiński K. Studies on the Molecular Dynamics at High Pressures as a Key to Identify the Sub-Rouse Mode in PMMS. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zimny
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Roman Wrzalik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feng D, Zhang X, Yuan H, Li X, Fan X. Identification, migration, and childhood exposure of methylsiloxanes in silicone infant bottle nipples marketed in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154449. [PMID: 35276138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis, migration, and childhood exposure of methylsiloxanes (MSs) in 32 silicone infant bottle nipples marketed in China were studied. Thirty types of MSs in two families, which included 11 linear MSs (LMSs, L4-L14) and 19 cyclic MSs (CMSs, D4-D22), were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) associated with standards, retention index, and carbon number rule. In 32 nipples, MSs with molecular weight < 1000 Da and CMSs were predominant. Considering the actual daily use of bottle nipples, the migration tests of MSs from nipples to artificial saliva and reconstituted powdered formula were performed. In particular, the orthogonal test design-QuEChERS-GC/MS was employed to detect MSs in formula. The median migration level of ΣMSs (MW < 1000 Da) in formula was 950.9 ng/mL, which was much higher than that in artificial saliva (98.1 ng/mL). If formula is fed to children aged 3-36 months using bottle nipples according to product instructions, the daily oral exposure to ΣMSs (MW < 1000) for children ranged from 52 to 146 μg/kg bw-day, which were two to five orders of magnitude higher than those of other exposure pathways. In sum, oral intake (especially through formula) may be the predominant pathway of exposure of MSs in children. This research enhances our understanding of the oral exposure risks of MSs and provides useful information that could aid the development of risk management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - XiRong Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - XueYan Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoJie Fan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novel sustainable filter for virus filtration and inactivation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9109. [PMID: 35650235 PMCID: PMC9156824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a multi-scale impact on the world population that started from a nano-scale respiratory virus and led to the shutdown of macro-scale economies. Direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and its variants through aerosolized droplets is a major contributor towards increasing cases of this infection. To curb the spread, one of the best engineered solutions is the use of face masks to prevent the passage of infectious saliva micro-droplets from an infected person to a healthy person. The commercially available masks are single use, passive face-piece filters. These become difficult to breathe in during strenuous activities. Also, they need to be disposed regularly due to accumulation of unwanted particulate and pathogens over time. Frequent disposal of these masks is unsustainable for the environment. In this study, we have proposed a novel design for a filter for enhanced virus filtration, better breathability, and virus inactivation over time. The filter is called Hy–Cu named after its (Hy) drophobic properties and another significant layer comprises of copper (Cu). The breathability (pressure drop across filter) of Hy–Cu is tested and compared with widely used surgical masks and KN95 masks, both experimentally and numerically. The results show that the Hy–Cu filter offers at least 10% less air resistance as compared to commercially available masks. The experimental results on virus filtration and inactivation tests using MS2 bacteriophage (a similar protein structure as SARS-CoV-2) show that the novel filter has 90% filtering efficiency and 99% virus inactivation over a period of 2 h. This makes the Hy–Cu filter reusable and a judicious substitute to the single use masks.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K, Krenczkowska D, Bazar D, Wielgomas B, Cal K, Kaliszan M. Comparative study of the percutaneous permeation and bioaccumulation of the cyclic siloxane using frozen-thawed and nonfrozen ex vivo human skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105379. [PMID: 35561954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Literature shows contradictory information regarding the effect of freezing the excise skin ex vivo on the diffusion of substances into the skin. Few studies indicate that storing the human or animal skin in a frozen state decreases the barrier properties after thawing. Therefore, to understand the properties of frozen skin, we evaluated the effect of storage of ex vivo human skin (2 weeks at -20 °C) on the penetration of stratum corneum and permeation into deeper skin layers (epidermis, and dermis) as well as to the receptor fluid by octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) a representative test compound of cyclic siloxanes. The main research were preceded by checking the integrity of nonfrozen ex vivo human skin in comparison to the frozen-thawed one by using the Electrical Resistance technique (ER) and the fluorescence microscopy. Samples collected in the skin absorption experiment were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results of this study demonstrated that freezing of excised ex vivo human skin at -20 °C for up to 14 days does not alter the permeability of D4 in a statistically significant manner. Thus, our results confirmed the validity of using skin storage conditions for testing the penetration and permeation of xenobiotics recommended by the OECD, EMA, and WHO guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dominika Krenczkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Bazar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vojdani A, Shoenfeld YY. Catastrophic Embolism Following Cosmetic Injection of Autologous Fat: Are Silicone-Treated Syringes the Only Suspects on the Crime Scene? Front Surg 2022; 9:867994. [PMID: 35615656 PMCID: PMC9124850 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.867994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab. Inc., Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Cyrex Labs LLC, Phoeniz, AZ, United States
- Correspondence: Aristo Vojdani Yehuda Yulius Shoenfeld
| | - Yehuda Yulius Shoenfeld
- Ariel University, Ariel, Samaria, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Correspondence: Aristo Vojdani Yehuda Yulius Shoenfeld
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park KW, Zujovic Z, Leitao EM. Synthesis and Characterization of Disiloxane Cross-Linked Polysulfides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Park
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Zoran Zujovic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Olejnik A, Sztorch B, Brząkalski D, Przekop RE. Silsesquioxanes in the Cosmetics Industry-Applications and Perspectives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031126. [PMID: 35161068 PMCID: PMC8840497 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for innovative and sophisticated personal care products is a driving factor for manufacturers to obtain new formulations that will fulfill the customers' preferences. In recent years, silsesquioxanes have attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry. These compounds have been proposed to be used in novel cosmetic formulations as emollient, dispersant, and viscosity modifiers. Therefore, this publication aims to review the main important aspects of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes as ingredients of personal care formulations, taking into consideration different types of products. The methods of obtaining these compounds were also presented. Additionally, the detailed analysis of patents dedicated to the application of silsesquioxanes in cosmetic formulations was also performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.S.); (R.E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogna Sztorch
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.S.); (R.E.P.)
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Robert E. Przekop
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.S.); (R.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kadukkattil Ramanunny A, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Khursheed R, Kuppusamy G, Dua K, Dureja H, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Vishwas S. Overcoming hydrolytic degradation challenges in topical delivery: non-aqueous nano-emulsions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 19:23-45. [PMID: 34913772 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2019218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-aqueous nano-emulsions (NANEs) are colloidal lipid-based dispersions with nano-sized droplets formed by mixing two immiscible phases, none of which happens to be an aqueous phase. Their ability to incorporate water and oxygen sensitive drugs without any susceptibility to degradation makes them the optimum dosage form for such candidates. In NANEs, polar liquids or polyols replace the aqueous phase while surfactants remain same as used in conventional emulsions. They are a part of the nano-emulsion family albeit with substantial difference in composition and application. AREAS COVERED The present review provides a brief insight into the strategies of loading water-sensitive drugs into NANEs. Further advancement in these anhydrous systems with the use of solid particulate surfactants in the form of Pickering emulsions is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION NANEs offer a unique platform for delivering water-sensitive drugs by loading them in anhydrous formulation. The biggest advantage of NANEs vis-à-vis the other nano-cargos is that they can also be prepared without using equipment-intensive techniques. However, the use of NANEs in drug delivery is quite limited. Looking at the small number of studies available in this direction, a need for further research in this field is required to explore this delivery system further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, India.,Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (Set), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krüger O, Ebner I, Kappenstein O, Roloff A, Luch A, Bruhn T. Towards a better comparability during GMP assessment – Identifying the main parameters that influence the loss of volatile organic compounds from silicone elastomers. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Meng T, Su S, Cheng J, Zhong F, Tang Z. Methylsiloxanes in street dust from Hefei, China: Distribution, sources, and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111513. [PMID: 34166660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylsiloxanes are widely found in the environment and have been of increasing concern because of their strong resistance to degradation and potential toxicity to organisms. However, little is known about the distributions of these chemicals in street dust and the associated human health risks. This study investigated three cyclic (D4-D6) and nine linear methylsiloxanes (L5-L13) in street dust from Hefei, China and found total concentrations in the range of 183-1030 (median, 527) ng/g dry weight. The linear congeners were dominant and represented a median of 85.3% of the total methylsiloxanes. D5 contributed 90.0% of the total concentrations of cyclic methylsiloxanes. In this study, higher concentrations of dust methylsiloxanes were found in the industrial area relative to the other functional areas. A source assessment indicated that the linear and cyclic methylsiloxanes in the street dust were mainly from the industrial and traffic activities, respectively, in addition to important sources of the use of siloxanes-containing products. The estimated median daily intakes of total methylsiloxanes through street dust were 0.037 and 0.476 ng/kg-bw/d for adults and children, respectively, under high-exposure scenarios. More research is needed to characterize the occurrence of methylsiloxane in various exposure sources and the associated adverse effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fuyong Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dijkman HBPM, Slaats I, Bult P. Assessment of Silicone Particle Migration Among Women Undergoing Removal or Revision of Silicone Breast Implants in the Netherlands. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2125381. [PMID: 34542618 PMCID: PMC8453317 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Silicone breast implants have been on the market for breast augmentation or breast reconstruction for approximately 60 years but may lead to medical complications, also called breast implant illness. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the existence of silicone gel bleed and migration over a long time period, including the period in which the newer cohesive silicone gel breast implants were used. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this single-center case series, capsule tissue and lymph node samples were collected from women who underwent removal or revision of silicone breast implants from January 1, 1986, to August 18, 2020, and data were extracted from the pathological reports and revision of the histology if data were missing. All tissues were examined using standard light microscopy, some extended with modified oil red O staining and energy-dispersive radiographic spectroscopy. A total of 365 women had capsular tissue removed, including 15 patients who also had lymph nodes removed, and 24 women had only lymph nodes removed. Data were analyzed from January to May 2021. EXPOSURES Silicone breast implants. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was presence or absence of silicones inside or outside the capsule. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance between groups. RESULTS Among a total of 389 women with silicone breast implants (mean [SD] age, 50.5 [11.2] years), 384 women (98.8%) had silicone particles present in the tissues, indicating silicone gel bleed. In 337 women (86.6%), silicone particles were observed outside the capsule (ie, in tissues surrounding the capsule and/or lymph nodes), indicating silicone migration. In 47 women (12.1%), silicone particles were only present within the capsule. In 5 women (1.2%), no silicone particles were detected in the tissues. Patients were divided into 2 groups, with 46 women who received cohesive silicone gel breast implants and 343 women who received either an older or a newer type of breast implant. There were no differences in silicone gel bleed or migration between groups (silicone detected outside or inside capsule: 44 women [95.7%] vs 340 women [99.1%]; P = .19). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case series including women with noncohesive or cohesive silicone gel breast implants, silicone leakage occurred in 98.8% of women, indicating silicone gel bleed, and in 86.6% of women, migration of silicone particles outside the capsule was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry B. P. M. Dijkman
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Applied Biosciences and Chemistry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Inca Slaats
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Applied Biosciences and Chemistry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thinking Outside the Black Box: Current Perceptions on Breast Implant Safety and Utility. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:593-603. [PMID: 33620927 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing public concern surrounding breast implant safety. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently proposed changes to breast implant labeling, which include a boxed warning. Given such efforts to increase transparency on breast implant safety, this study assessed laywomen's perceptions of breast implant safety, and the impact of proposed changes to breast implant labeling on laywomen's decision-making regarding breast implants. METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigation of women recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Discrete choice modeling was used to query opinions on breast implants after viewing proposed labeling changes. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used for subgroup analyses, and McNemar analyses were used to assess changes in participants' responses. RESULTS The authors received 500 survey responses. At baseline, 353 participants (70.6 percent) considered breast implants to be at least somewhat safe. After viewing the proposed boxed warning, 252 participants (50.4 percent) responded that they would be less likely to receive implants. In fact, a significantly greater proportion of participants considered breast implants to be either unsafe or very unsafe after viewing suggested changes to implant labeling than at baseline (58.4 percent versus 28.8 percent; p = 0.001). By the end of the survey, willingness to consider alternative options for breast augmentation/reconstruction increased significantly from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Improved labeling can enhance laywomen's understanding of breast implant safety and can impact decision-making. However, greater scrutiny of breast implants should not prevent women who need implants from receiving them. Transparency and objectivity in the surgeon-patient dialogue can ensure the appropriate use of medical devices such as breast implants.
Collapse
|
36
|
Organic recycling of post-consumer /industrial bio-based plastics through industrial aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion - Techno-economic sustainability criteria and indicators. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Mizerska U, Fortuniak W, Makowski T, Svyntkivska M, Piorkowska E, Kowalczyk D, Brzezinski S, Kregiel D. Antibacterial electroconductive
rGO
modified cotton fabric. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Mizerska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza Lodz Poland
| | - Witold Fortuniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza Lodz Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza Lodz Poland
| | - Mariia Svyntkivska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza Lodz Poland
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza Lodz Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalczyk
- Lukasiewicz Research Network Textile Research Institute Lodz Poland
| | | | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
He Y, Su S, Cheng J, Tang Z, Ren S, Lyu Y. Bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of cyclic methylsiloxanes in the food web of a large subtropical lake in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125354. [PMID: 33609872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Available information on the bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of cyclic methylsiloxanes in aquatic food webs is insufficient for a reliable understanding of their toxicity and potential ecological harm. The concentrations of four cyclic methylsiloxanes in aquatic species collected from Lake Chaohu (China) were measured and the total concentration was in range of 2.01-36.1 ng/g dry weight. Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) represented 57.7% of the total measured methylsiloxane concentration. The distribution of these methylsiloxanes constitute the first tissue-specific record. The hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) tended to accumulate preferentially in fish muscles, while D6 was preferentially accumulated in fish liver and gills. In Lake Chaohu, significant trophic magnification of D3 (p < 0.01) and dilution of D6 (p < 0.05) were observed, and the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were estimated at 4.94 and 0.68, respectively. No significant trends in D4 and D5 (p > 0.05) were observed within the food web. This study further confirmed the complexity of trophic transfer of the methylsiloxanes in the aquatic food web. The findings suggest that tissue-specific methylsiloxane distribution in aquatic species might also affect the observed TMFs. More research is required to investigate methylsiloxanes in additional species and their trophodynamics in different food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yang Lyu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mondelo-García C, Bandín-Vilar E, García-Quintanilla L, Castro-Balado A, Del Amo EM, Gil-Martínez M, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ, González-Barcia M, Zarra-Ferro I, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Current Situation and Challenges in Vitreous Substitutes. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100066. [PMID: 33987966 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitreo-retinal disorders constitute a significant portion of treatable ocular diseases. These pathologies often require vitreo-retinal surgery and, as a consequence, the use of vitreous substitutes. Nowadays, the vitreous substitutes that are used in clinical practice are mainly divided into gases (air, SF6 , C2 F6 , C3 F8 ) and liquids (perfluorocarbon liquids, silicone oils, and heavy silicone oils). There are specific advantages and drawbacks to each of these, which determine their clinical indications. However, developing the ideal biomaterial for vitreous substitution continues to be one of the most important challenges in ophthalmology, and a multidisciplinary approach is required. In this sense, recent research has focused on the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogels (natural, synthetic, and smart), which also act as medium and long-term internal tamponade agents. This comprehensive review aims to cover the main characteristics and indications for use of the extensive range of vitreous substitutes that are currently used in clinical practice, before going on to describe the hydrogels that have been developed recently and which have emerged as promising biomaterials for vitreous substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mondelo-García
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Enrique Bandín-Vilar
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Laura García-Quintanilla
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ana Castro-Balado
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Eva M Del Amo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - María Gil-Martínez
- Ophthalmology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - María José Blanco-Teijeiro
- Ophthalmology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Barcia
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Irene Zarra-Ferro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.,Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bauer EM, Cecchetti D, Guerriero E, Nisticò S, Germinario G, Sennato S, Gontrani L, Tagliatesta P, Carbone M. Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2367-2383. [PMID: 33948695 PMCID: PMC8241676 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H2O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N2 flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, GC-mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Maria Bauer
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Structure of Matter (CNR-ISM), Via Salaria km 29.3, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Daniele Cecchetti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Steven Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Germinario
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Institute of Complex Systems, National Research Council (CNR-ISC), Sapienza Unit, and Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pauluhn J. Inhalation toxicity of cyclic semi-volatile methylsiloxanes: Disentangling the conundrum of phase-specific adaptations from adverse outcomes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 122:104923. [PMID: 33831492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares the phase-specific inhalation toxicity of the cyclic semi-volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) D4, D5 and D6. The objectives of this paper are to re-analyze information from acute to chronic inhalation studies on rats with these cVMSs to identify the unifying principles of phase-specific toxicity at the portal-of-entry and if they depend on acute, acute-on-chronic or chronic mechanisms. This re-analysis supports the hypothesis that concentrations must be high enough to exceed the vapor saturation at any given temperature for stabilizing the aerosol phase and evoking phase-specific effects at sites of the respiratory tract susceptible to the cVMSs-specific physicochemical properties amphiphilicity and surface tension. In summary, the portal-of-entry effects and related findings appear to be acute in nature and specific to liquid aerosol. The repeated inhalation exposure studies with D4 and D5 up to two years in duration did not reveal chronic aggravations of portal of entry outcomes. Findings at a pulmonary location where amphiphilic surfactant molecules are present appear to be caused by the acute adaptation to deposited dose. Such outcome should better be described as a high-dose liquid aerosol phenomenon imparted by the physicochemical properties "liquid" and "hydrophobic". This calls for a phase-specific human risk characterization of cVMSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Pauluhn
- Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Bayer HealthCare, Toxicology, Wuppertal, Germany(1).
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sounouvou HT, Defourny C, Gbaguidi F, Ziemons E, Piel G, Quetin-Leclercq J, Evrard B. Development of a highly persistent silicone-based sprayable emulsion containing essential oils for treatment of skin infections. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120214. [PMID: 33493602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils have known a renewed interest, particularly for their antimicrobial properties. In the field of skin delivery of essential oils, fluid oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions have been studied for several years in order to improve their stability. When dealing with infections of the upper skin layers, these vehicles, in spite of their low viscosity, must have a good skin persistence and also concentrate the essential oil components in the target skin layers. Given the well-known ability of alkylsiloxysilicate resins to induce a very substantive and non-occlusive film after cutaneous application in an appropriate preparation, it has been undertaken to use them to prepare a highly persistent O/W fluid emulsion of essential oil. Hence, after the successful development of a fluid silicone-in-water (Si/W) emulsion integrating a 100% trimethylsiloxysilicate resin, the essential oil was incorporated in this emulsion. The physical and chemical stabilities of the prepared emulsion were then studied in the final packaging under different storage conditions. In addition, the skin penetration profile of essential oil from this vehicle was investigated, ex vivo, on pig ear skin, using Franz diffusion cells and analytical techniques such as confocal Raman microscopy. As the developed vehicle was found to meet our delivery expectations, its skin tolerance has been proven by an in vivo chromametric evaluation of its irritant potential. The skin persistence of this emulsion containing an antimicrobial essential oil was then studied. Considering its properties, the developed emulsion is expected to represent a real asset in the treatment of skin infections, particularly infections of upper layers of human skin such as dermatophytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope T Sounouvou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory (MOCL), School of Pharmacy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Campus du Champ de Foire, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Charline Defourny
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fernand Gbaguidi
- Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory (MOCL), School of Pharmacy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Campus du Champ de Foire, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Eric Ziemons
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Vibra-Sante Hub, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group (GNOS), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to characterise chemical interactions between waterlogged archaeological wood and organosilicon compounds applied for its conservation to shed lights on the mechanism of wood dimensional stabilisation by the chemicals. Two alkoxysilanes (methyltrimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane) and a siloxane (1,3-bis(diethylamino)-3-propoxypropanol)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane) were selected for the research since they already have been proven to effectively stabilise waterlogged wood upon drying. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for structural characterisation of the degraded wood and evaluation of reactivity of the applied chemicals with polymers in the wooden cell wall. The results obtained clearly show much stronger interactions in the case of alkoxysilanes than the siloxane, suggesting a different mechanism of wood stabilisation by these compounds. The results of this study together with other data obtained in our previous research on stabilisation of waterlogged archaeological wood with organosilicon compounds allow the conclusion that the mechanism of waterlogged wood stabilisation by the used alkoxysilanes is based on bulking the cell wall by silane molecules and wood chemical modification, while in the case of the applied siloxane, it builds upon filling the cell lumina.
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu YQ, Wrona M, Su QZ, Vera P, Nerín C, Hu CY. Influence of cooking conditions on the migration of silicone oligomers from silicone rubber baking molds to food simulants. Food Chem 2021; 347:128964. [PMID: 33453582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The stability, surface micromorphology, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of silicone rubber baking molds (SRBMs) were tested while using the molds under severe conditions: baking at 175 °C, microwaving at 800 W, and freezing at -18 °C. Moreover, migration tests of SRBMs to food simulants (isooctane, 95% ethanol, and Tenax®) at 70 °C for 2 h (accelerated conditions) were performed. The initial total VOCs concentration was 2.53% higher than that recommended by BfR Recommendations on Food Contact Materials. Therefore, the SRBM samples were considered as badly tempered materials, and 18 different types of silicone oligomers were identified during the migration tests. The following percentage of silicone oligomers with a molecular weight lower than 1000 Da in isooctane, 95% ethanol, and Tenax® were detected: 70.7%, 91.8%, and 97.2%, respectively. It has been proven that previous baking treatments effectively reduced the content of silicone oligomers migrating from SRBMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Liu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu West Avenue 601, Guangzhou City 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Magdalena Wrona
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Qi-Zhi Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Chang-Ying Hu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu West Avenue 601, Guangzhou City 510632, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan AH, Jiang X, Surwase S, Gultekinoglu M, Bayram C, Sathisaran I, Bhatia D, Ahmed J, Wu B, Ulubayram K, Edirisinghe M, Dalvi SV. Effectiveness of Oil-Layered Albumin Microbubbles Produced Using Microfluidic T-Junctions in Series for In Vitro Inhibition of Tumor Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11429-11441. [PMID: 32903006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the synthesis of oil-layered microbubbles using two microfluidic T-junctions in series and evaluation of the effectiveness of these microbubbles loaded with doxorubicin and curcumin for cell invasion arrest from 3D spheroid models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), MDA-MB-231 cell line. Albumin microbubbles coated in the drug-laden oil layer were synthesized using a new method of connecting two microfluidic T-mixers in series. Double-layered microbubbles thus produced consist of an innermost core of nitrogen gas encapsulated in an aqueous layer of bovine serum albumin (BSA) which in turn, is coated with an outer layer of silicone oil. In order to identify the process conditions leading to the formation of double-layered microbubbles, a regime map was constructed based on capillary numbers for aqueous and oil phases. The microbubble formation regime transitions from double-layered to single layer microbubbles and then to formation of single oil droplets upon gradual change in flow rates of aqueous and oil phases. In vitro dissolution studies of double-layered microbubbles in an air-saturated environment indicated that a complete dissolution of such bubbles produces an oil droplet devoid of a gas bubble. Incorporation of doxorubicin and curcumin was found to produce a synergistic effect, which resulted in higher cell deaths in 2D monolayers of TNBC cells and inhibition of cell proliferation from 3D spheroid models of TNBC cells compared to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib H Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Swarupkumar Surwase
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Cem Bayram
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Indumathi Sathisaran
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jubair Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Bingjie Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krenczkowska D, Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K, Wielgomas B, Bazar D, Jankowski Z. Ex Vivo Human Skin is not a Barrier for Cyclic Siloxanes (Cyclic Silicones): Evidence of Diffusion, Bioaccumulation, and Risk of Dermal Absorption Using a New Validated GC-FID Procedure. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060586. [PMID: 32599732 PMCID: PMC7355424 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic methylsiloxanes D4, D5, D6 (also called cyclic silicones) are widely used in various dermatological products and cosmetics, both for children and adults. As a result of their unique physicochemical properties, the production of cyclic methylsiloxanes has greatly increased over the last few years, which has resulted in increased exposure to mankind. The validated quantitative for gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis with using the transdermal diffusion system with vertical Franz cells demonstrated that ex vivo human skin is not a barrier to cyclic siloxanes. D4, D5, and D6 have a specific affinity to stratum corneum (SC) (especially D6), and can even diffuse into the deeper layers of the skin (epidermis (E) and dermis (D)), or into the receptor fluid as well. An important achievement of this work was the observation of the characteristic ratio partitioning D4, D5, and D6 in skin layers and receptor fluid (RF). The studies have shown that, in order to thoroughly understand the mechanism, it is important to determine not only the differences in the amounts of cumulated doses in total in all skin layers and receptor fluid, but also the mutual ratios of analyte concentrations existing between matrices. For example, in the case of the stratum corneum, the cumulative doses of D4, D5, and D6 were 27.5, 63.9, and 67.2 µg/cm2/24 h, respectively, and in the epidermis, they were 6.9, 29.9, and 10.7 µg/cm2/24 h, respectively, which confirmed the highest affinity of D6 to stratum corneum as the amount diffused into the epidermis was 2.8 times smaller compared to D5. The calculated epidermis-to-stratum corneum ratios of analyte concentrations also confirm this. The largest ratio was identified for D5 (E/SC = 47), followed by D4 (E/SC = 25), and finally by D6 (E/SC = 16). The analysis of the next stage of diffusion from epidermis to dermis revealed that in dermis the highest cumulative dose was observed for D5 (13.9 µg/cm2/24 h), while the doses of D4 and D6 were similar (5.1 and 5.3 µg/cm2/24 h). Considering the concentration gradient, it can be concluded that the diffusion of D5 and D6 occurs at a similar level, while D4 diffuses at a much higher level. These observations were also confirmed by the dermis-to-epidermis concentration ratios. The final stage of diffusion from dermis to the receptor fluid indicated that D4 was able to permeate easily, while D5 exhibited a difficult diffusion and the diffusion of D6 was limited. The receptor fluid-to-dermis concentration ratios (RF/D) were calculated for D4, D5, and D6: 80, 53, and 17, respectively. Our results also revealed the increased risk of D4 and D5 absorption into the blood and lymphatic systems, whereas D6 demonstrated the lowest risk. Therefore, we can argue that, among the three tested compounds, D6 is the safest one that can be used in dermatological, cosmetic, and personal care products. This study demonstrates that the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis can be also considered reservoirs of cyclic methylsiloxanes. Therefore, these compounds can demonstrate potential long-term bioaccumulation, and can be absorbed to the bloodstream in a long-term and uncontrolled process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krenczkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. J. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Krystyna Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. J. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-3491656
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. J. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Bazar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. J. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steel DHW, Wong D, Sakamoto T. Silicone oils compared and found wanting. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 259:11-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
48
|
Heidarimoghadam R, Farmany A. Citrate stabilized Fe 3O 4/DMG modified carbon paste electrode for determination of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in blood plasma and urine samples of cement factory workers. BMC Chem 2020; 14:29. [PMID: 32292912 PMCID: PMC7144048 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel mercury-free electrochemical probe was constructed for the trace determination of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in some biological fluids by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The platform is based on the adsorptive accumulation of Ni(II) onto a carbon paste electrode modified with citrate stabilized Fe3O4 (Cit-Fe3O4) and dimethylglyoxime (DMG). It was shown that trace levels of D4 enhance the electrochemical adsorptive stripping signal of Ni(II) on the electrode platform. It was shown that electrochemical signals are proportional to concentrations of D4. The supporting electrolyte, pH and instrumental parameters associated with the electrode response, including scan rate, accumulation potential and deposition time were optimized. The electrode platform demonstrated well resolved, reproducible peaks, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.8% and detection limit (3Sb/m) of 27.0 ng/mL. The sensor exhibited good D4 detection and quantification in human blood plasma and urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- 1Health Sciences Research Center and Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- 2Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Romano MR, Ferrara M, Gatto C, Giurgola L, Zanoni M, Angi M, Rinaldi M, Borgia A, Sorrentino T, D'Amato Tóthová J. Safety of silicone oils as intraocular medical device: An in vitro cytotoxicity study. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:108018. [PMID: 32209320 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effect of low molecular weight components (LMWC) and conventional silicone oils (SOs) 1000 cSt with different degree of purification (raw, intermediate, and purified) using in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Direct contact cytotoxicity tests were performed in BALB 3T3 and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) using quantitative and qualitative evaluation according to the ISO 10993-5 (2009) standards. Conventional SOs 1000 cSt in form of raw, intermediate (intermediate product obtained during distillation process), and purified SO (final product after distillation) and a concentrate of LMWC (including siloxane chains with molecular weight up to 1557 g/mol) were directly applied to 100% of cell layer area for 24 h. Cell viability was quantified using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-28 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake assays in ARPE-19 and BALB3T3, respectively. All tested samples, including the concentrate of LMWC, resulted to be not cytotoxic according to ISO 10993-5 in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. However, the cellular viability was significantly higher in the intermediate and purified SO compared with the raw SO in ARPE-19 cells. No reduction in cell viability was detected by LMWC. The absence of cytotoxicity was observed for all tested samples in both BALB3T3 and ARPE-19 after 24 h of application. A direct cytotoxic effect is not likely to be involved in the potential complications related to SO and LMWC. Long-term potential adverse effects of SO could be related to the raw material and to different concentrations of LMWC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy; Eye Center, Humanitas, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Gatto
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Laura Giurgola
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Technological Development Department, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Martina Angi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second University of Napoli, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Borgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Patrzałek M, Kosecka-Strojek M, Lisowska-Łysiak K, Trela M, Kot M, Gawlak M, Liszka D, Sajewicz M, Tombarkiewicz B, Pawlak K, Międzobrodzki J, Lis MW. Preliminary evaluation of application of a 3-dimensional network structure of siloxanes Dergall preparation on chick embryo development and microbiological status of eggshells. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1581-1590. [PMID: 32111324 PMCID: PMC7587672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial network structure of Dergall is based on substances nontoxic to humans and the environment which, when applied on solid surfaces, creates a coating that reduces bacterial cell adhesion. The bacteriostatic properties of siloxanes are based on a purely physical action mechanism which excludes development of drug-resistant microorganisms. The aims of the present study were to 1) evaluate a Dergall layer formed on the eggshell surface regarding the potential harmful effects on the chick embryo; 2) evaluate antimicrobial activity and estimate the prolongation time of Dergall's potential antimicrobial activity. Dergall at a concentration of 0.6% formed a layer on the eggshell surface. In vitro testing of the potential harmful effects of Dergall by means of a hen embryo test of the chorioallantoic membrane showed no irritation reaction at a concentration of 3% and lower. The hatchability of the groups sprayed with a Dergall water solution with a concentration of 0 to 5% was 89.1 to 93.8% for fertilized eggs (P > 0.05) but decreased to 63.7% (P < 0.05) in the group sprayed with a 6% concentration of the solution. This phenomenon was caused by embryo mortality in the first week of incubation. At the concentration of 0.6%, Dergall exhibited strong antibacterial properties against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium. For Streptococcus pyogenes, the highest antibacterial activity of Dergall was reported in the concentrations of 100 and 50%. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, no antibacterial activity of Dergall was generally observed, but in vivo testing showed a strong decrease of all gram-negative bacteria growth. Moreover, a prolonged antimicrobial effect lasting until 3 D after disinfection was observed, which makes Dergall a safe and efficient disinfectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Patrzałek
- Department of Research and Development, ICB Pharma Jaworzno, Jaworzno 43-603, Poland
| | - Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lisowska-Łysiak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trela
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow 30-054, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kot
- Department of Research and Development, ICB Pharma Jaworzno, Jaworzno 43-603, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gawlak
- The Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, The Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, Poznan 60-318, Poland
| | - Dawid Liszka
- Department of Research and Development, ICB Pharma Jaworzno, Jaworzno 43-603, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Barbara Tombarkiewicz
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow 30-054, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlak
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow 30-054, Poland
| | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Marcin W Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow 30-054, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|