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Tahir R, Samra, Ghaffar A, Afzal F, Qazi IH, Zhao L, Yan H, Kuo H, Khan H, Yang S. Chronic cypermethrin induced toxicity and molecular fate assessment within common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using multiple biomarkers approach and its novel therapeutic detoxification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142096. [PMID: 38663676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a chemical of emerging concern which has persistent and bioaccumulating impacts as it can be found extensively in freshwater ecosystem and agricultural products. It has exposure risk and toxic effects over human edible fish, as common carp. Four groups were designed for toxicity assessment and detoxification approach: control group (CL), CYP exposure group (CYP), CYP + 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (CMO group), 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (MO group). Trial period was forty days during which cohort of 240 fish in CYP and CMO group was exposed to 1/5 of 96h LC50 of CYP (0.1612 μg/L). CYP-exposed carp exhibited lower growth parameters, but carp fed with 10% M. oleifera seeds and leaves showed significant improvement in growth rate (SGR, RGR) and weight gain (WG) as compared to the control group. CYP exposure negatively affected haemato-biochemical parameters. Moreover, CYP exposure also led to oxidative stress, damaged immunological parameters, genotoxicity and histopathological damage in liver and intestinal cells. Whereas, M. oleifera supplementation has ameliorated these conditions. Thereby, supplementation with M. oleifera is potential and novel therapeutic detoxication approach for common carp and human health against persistent and bioaccumulating emerging chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Samra
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - He Kuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hamid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Peng Y, Zhang L, Bao X, Qian X, Dong W, Jiang M. Palmitoleic acid-rich oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 exerts anti-obesity effects by ameliorating hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2156-2164. [PMID: 37926439 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast biomass, encompassing fatty acids, terpenoids, vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds have been extensively utilized in food-related fields. The safety and potential bioactivities of Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193, an oleaginous yeast strain, are unclear. RESULTS Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 accumulated large palmitoleic acid (POA) levels (43.4 g kg-1 biomass) according to the results of whole-cell components. We annotated the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and predicted the categories and host of the pathogen-host interactions (PHI) genes in S. segobiensis DSM 27193. However, S. segobiensis DSM 27193 did not exert toxic effects in mice. Administration of S. segobiensis DSM 27193 led to substantial weight reduction by diminishing food intake in an obesity mouse model. Additionally, it reversed hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy, and improved abnormalities in serum biochemical profiles such as triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. CONCLUSION This study is the first to illustrate the safety and effects of S. segobiensis DSM 27193 against obesity and offers a scientific rationale for its application in functional food supplements. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiujuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Hussain SM, Bano AA, Ali S, Rizwan M, Adrees M, Zahoor AF, Sarker PK, Hussain M, Arsalan MZUH, Yong JWH, Naeem A. Substitution of fishmeal: Highlights of potential plant protein sources for aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26573. [PMID: 38434023 PMCID: PMC10906437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High protein content, excellent amino acid profile, absence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), high digestibility and good palatability of fishmeal (FM), make it a major source of protein in aquaculture. Naturally derived FM is at risk due to an increase in its demand, unsustainable practices, and price. Thus, there is an urgent need to find affordable and suitable protein sources to replace FM. Plant protein sources are suitable due to their widespread availability and low cost. However, they contained certain ANFs, deficiency of some amino acids, low nutrient bioavailability and poor digestibility due to presence of starch and fiber. These unfavourable characteristics make them less suitable for feed as compared to FM. Thus, these potential challenges and limitations associated with various plant proteins have to be overcome by using different methods, i.e. enzymatic pretreatments, solvent extraction, heat treatments and fermentation, that are discussed briefly in this review. This review assessed the impacts of plant products on growth performance, body composition, flesh quality, changes in metabolic activities and immune response of fishes. To minimize the negative effects and to enhance nutritional value of plant products, beneficial functional additives such as citric acid, phytase and probiotics could be incorporated into the plant-based FM. Interestingly, these additives improve growth of fishes by increasing digestibility and nutrient utilization of plant based feeds. Overall, this review demonstrated that the substitution of fishmeal by plant protein sources is a plausible, technically-viable and practical option for sustainable aquaculture feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aumme Adeeba Bano
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Pallab K. Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, 56300, Pakistan
| | | | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Adan Naeem
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
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Park S, Lee SJ, Noh W, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Back SM, Ryu BG, Nam SW, Park SH, Kim J. Production of safe cyanobacterial biomass for animal feed using wastewater and drinking water treatment residuals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25136. [PMID: 38322884 PMCID: PMC10844260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in microalgae and cyanobacteria biomass as an alternative to traditional animal feed is hindered by high production costs. Using wastewater (WW) as a cultivation medium could offer a solution, but this approach risks introducing harmful substances into the biomass, leading to significant safety concerns. In this study, we addressed these challenges by selectively extracting nitrates and phosphates from WW using drinking water treatment residuals (DWTR) and chitosan. This method achieved peak adsorption capacities of 4.4 mg/g for nitrate and 6.1 mg/g for phosphate with a 2.5 wt% chitosan blend combined with DWTR-nitrogen. Subsequently, these extracted nutrients were employed to cultivate Spirulina platensis, yielding a biomass productivity rate of 0.15 g/L/d, which is comparable to rates achieved with commercial nutrients. By substituting commercial nutrients with nitrate and phosphate from WW, we can achieve a 18 % reduction in the culture medium cost. While the cultivated biomass was initially nitrogen-deficient due to low nitrate levels, it proved to be protein-rich, accounting for 50 % of its dry weight, and contained a high concentration of free amino acids (1260 mg/g), encompassing all essential amino acids. Both in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests affirmed the biomass's safety for use as an animal feed component. Future research should aim to enhance the economic feasibility of this alternative feed source by developing efficient adsorbents, utilizing cost-effective reagents, and implementing nutrient reuse strategies in spent mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Park
- Biomass Research Group, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Biomass Research Group, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Noh
- Biomass Research Group, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hein Kim
- Human Risk Assessment Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gon Ryu
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Nam
- Bioresources Collection & Bioinformation Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Biomass Research Group, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
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Va S, Supapong C, Chanjula P. Effects of yeast and dried kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa [Korth] Havil.) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in goats. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:228-239. [PMID: 38098130 PMCID: PMC10766490 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the experiment was to study yeast supplementation (yeast, Y) and dried kratom leaves (DKTL) on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in goats. METHODS Four of 7 to 8 months old male crossbred (50% Thai Native-Anglo Nubian) goats with average liveweight 20±0.13 kg were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design to receive four diets ad libitum basis. The study investigated the effects of two levels of yeast (Y) supplementation (Y, 0 and 0.5g/kg dry matter [DM]) along with two levels of DKTL supplementation (DKTL, 0 and 4.44g/kg DM). The experimental groups were as follows: T1 = control group with 0Y+0DKTL, T2 = 0Y+4.44 DKTL, T3 = 0.5Y+0DKTL, and T4 = 0.5Y+4.44 DKTL. RESULTS The results showed that there were no interactions between Y levels and DKTL levels with respect to total DM intake, but there were significant effects (p<0.05) by levels of Y; goats receiving 0.05 g/kg DM Y had higher than goats fed 0.0 g/kg DM on average (kg/d). A percentage of body weight (% BW) and grams per kilogram of metallic weight (g/kg w0.75) had no influence on yeast levels and DKTL, but there was a difference (p<0.05) by yeast level Y at 0.5 g/kg DM, being higher compared to the non-supplemented group. Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrition in the form of (DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) was an increased trend in the Y-level complementary group at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively. Protozoa populations decreased in the group receiving Y levels at 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels at 4.44 g/kg DM when compared to group T1. The acetic acid concentration and methane gas generation decreased (p<0.05) in the group receiving Y levels of 0.5 g/kg DM and DKTL levels of 4.44 g/kg DM, while the amount of propionic acid increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Effects of feeding combinations of Y and DKTL supplementation on feed showed no interaction effect (Y×DKTL) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, bacterial and fungi population. The effect on protozoal populations was lower in the group that was supplemented with DKTL at 4.44 g/kg DM related to synthetic CH4 was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soklin Va
- Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110,
Thailand
| | - Chanadol Supapong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240,
Thailand
| | - Pin Chanjula
- Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110,
Thailand
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Jiang X, Yang J, Zhou Z, Yu L, Yu L, He J, Zhu K, Luo Y, Wang H, Du X, Huang Q, Zhao C, Liu Y, Fang C. Moringa oleifera leaf improves meat quality by modulating intestinal microbes in white feather broilers. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100938. [PMID: 38144857 PMCID: PMC10739854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera addition to animal diets can improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and immunity of animals, without adverse effects. We investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers. Moringa oleifera and fermented Moringa oleifera could improve the flesh color and breast muscle tenderness of broilers (p < 0.05). The contents of essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, ΣMUFA, P/S and n-3 ratio in breast muscle of broilers were dose-increased, and the effect of fermented Moringa oleifera was better. Moringa oleifera and fermented Moringa oleifera regulated chicken flavor metabolism by increasing the relative abundance and Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents of Bacteroides, Spirillum, and lactic acid bacteria. Overall, supplementation with 1 % fermented Moringa oleifera can significantly increase essential amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid contents in broilers and participate in the synthesis and transformation of amino acids and fatty acids regulated by beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiao Jiang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangrui Yang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhou
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihui Yu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun He
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yankai Luo
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaocui Du
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qichao Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunchao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of International, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongye Fang
- Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Jikah AN, Edo GI. Moringa oleifera: a valuable insight into recent advances in medicinal uses and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7343-7361. [PMID: 37532676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an important medicinal plant in several countries; for example, Nigeria, the USA, Turkey, Germany, Greece, and Ukraine. The abundant bioactive and nutritional properties of this plant make it useful in many and diverse areas of life, including the health, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries to mention but a few. Research has found that the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, fatty acids, saponins, essential oils, folate, aromatic hydrocarbons, sterols, glucosinolates, and glycosides, among others, characterize the moringa nutrient profile and, as a result, give rise to its remedial effects on ailments such as wounds, stomach and duodenal ulcers, allergies, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, asthma, and so on. It is the aim of this review to provide an insight into such medicinal and pharmacological remedies attributed to moringa, stating both the past and recent discoveries. This review article also takes a look into the botanical features, bioactive compounds, antinutrients, food applications, bacterial fermentation products, biosafety, industrial applications, and other uses of moringa. Finally, with the belief that knowledge is progressive, we acknowledge that there are things yet undiscovered about this wonder plant that will be of value both to medicine and general life; we therefore recommend that research work continues on the moringa plant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Great Iruoghene Edo
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
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Zhou X, Zhang H, Li S, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yang C, Chen X, Jiang L. Effects of different levels of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical, and intestinal health of cyan-shank partridge birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20130. [PMID: 37978234 PMCID: PMC10656579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds (P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed (P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds (P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicheng Deng
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Yang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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Pexas G, Kyriazakis I. Hotspots and bottlenecks for the enhancement of the environmental sustainability of pig systems, with emphasis on European pig systems. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37974286 PMCID: PMC10652603 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pig systems start from a favourable baseline of environmental impact compared to other livestock systems, there is still scope to reduce their emissions and further mitigate associated impacts, especially in relation to nitrogen and phosphorous emissions. Key environmental impact hotspots of pig production systems are activities associated with feed production and manure management, as well as direct emissions (such as methane) from the animals and energy use. A major contributor to the environmental impacts associated with pig feed is the inclusion of soya in pig diets, especially since European pig systems rely heavily on soya imported from areas of the globe where crop production is associated with significant impacts of land use change, deforestation, carbon emissions, and loss of biodiversity. The "finishing" pig production stage contributes most to these environmental impacts, due to the amount of feed consumed, the efficiency with which feed is utilised, and the amount of manure produced during this stage. By definition therefore, any substantial improvements pig system environmental impact would arise from changes in feed production and manure management. In this paper, we consider potential solutions towards system environmental sustainability at these pig system components, as well as the bottlenecks that inhibit their effective implementation at the desired pace and magnitude. Examples include the quest for alternative protein sources to soya, the limits (perceived or real) to the genetic improvement of pigs, and the implementation of alternative manure management strategies, such as production of biogas through anaerobic digestion. The review identifies and discusses areas that future efforts can focus on, to further advance understanding around the potential sustainability benefits of modifications at various pig system components, and key sustainability trade-offs across the environment-economy-society pillars associated with synergistic and antagonistic effects when joint implementation of multiple solutions is considered. In this way, the review opens a discussion to facilitate the development of holistic decision support tools for pig farm management that account for interactions between the "feed * animal * manure" system components and trade-offs between sustainability priorities (e.g., environmental vs economic performance of pig system; welfare improvements vs environmental impacts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pexas
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Du Z, Yang F, Fang J, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Kumagai H, Cai Y. Silage preparation and sustainable livestock production of natural woody plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253178. [PMID: 37746011 PMCID: PMC10514673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As the global population increases and the economy grows rapidly, the demand for livestock products such as meat, egg and milk continue to increase. The shortage of feed in livestock production is a worldwide problem restricting the development of the animal industry. Natural woody plants are widely distributed and have a huge biomass yield. The fresh leaves and branches of some woody plants are rich in nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals and can be used to produce storage feed such as silage for livestock. Therefore, the development and utilization of natural woody plants for clean fermented feed is important for the sustainable production of livestock product. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress, current status and development prospects of forageable natural woody plant feed resources. The nutritional composition and uses of natural woody plants, the main factors affecting the fermentation of woody plant silage and the interaction mechanism between microbial co-occurrence network and secondary metabolite are reviewed. Various preparation technologies for clean fermentation of woody plant silage were summarized comprehensively, which provided a sustainable production mode for improving the production efficiency of livestock and producing high-quality livestock product. Therefore, woody plants play an increasingly important role as a potential natural feed resource in alleviating feed shortage and promoting sustainable development of livestock product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiachen Fang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Animal Science Directorate, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Sarkar S, Bhatt RS, Mahla AS, Kumar A. Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf concentrate pellets on nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, and reproductive performance of prolific ewes during extreme summer months in semi-arid tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:241. [PMID: 37328676 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted for a period of 60 days during extreme summer months to observe the effect of supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaves containing concentrate pellets on nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, and reproductive performance in Avishaan ewes reared under semi-arid condition. Forty adult non-pregnant cyclic ewes (2-3 years, 31.8 ± 0.81 kg body weight) were selected and randomly allocated into 2 groups of 20 animals each, viz., G-I (control) and G-II (treatment). The ewes were grazed on natural pasture for 8 h, offered ad libitum Cenchrus ciliaris hay after grazing and concentrate pellets @ 300 g/animal/day. The ewes in G-I were offered conventional concentrate pellets, whereas G-II ewes were offered concentrate pellets containing 15% Moringa leaves. The mean temperature humidity index during the period of study was 27.5 ± 0.3 and 34.6 ± 0.4 at 0700 h and 1400 h, respectively, indicating severe heat stress. Nutrient intake and utilization were comparable between the two groups. The antioxidant status was higher in G-II ewes as the values of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were higher (P < 0.05) in G-II ewes compared to G-I. The conception rate was higher (100%) in G-II ewes than G-I ewes (70%). Multiple birth percentage was 77.8% in G-II ewes, and it was comparable with the herd average of Avishaan (74.7%). However, ewes in G-I group exhibited a marked decline in multiple birth percentage (28.6%) than the normal herd average. Hence, it can be concluded that inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaves in feeding of prolific Avishaan ewes improved their antioxidant status resulting in optimum reproductive performance during stressful summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India.
| | - R S Bhatt
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Ajit Singh Mahla
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
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12
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Soundararajan S, Selvakumar J, Maria Joseph ZM, Gopinath Y, Saravanan V, Santhanam R. Investigating the modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera on the gut microbiota of chicken model through metagenomic approach. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1153769. [PMID: 37323848 PMCID: PMC10267347 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the effects of supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder, a phytobiotic, on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective was to examine the microbial changes induced by the supplementation. Methods A total of 40, one-day-old chickens were fed their basal diet for 42 days and then divided into two groups: SG1 (basal diet) and SG2 (basal diet + 10 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf powder). Metagenomics analysis was conducted to analyze operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species annotation, and biodiversity. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for molecular characterization of isolated gut bacteria, identified as Enterococcus faecium. The isolated bacteria were tested for essential metabolites, demonstrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Results and discussion The analysis revealed variations in the microbial composition between the control group (SG1) and the M. oleifera-treated group (SG2). SG2 showed a 47% increase in Bacteroides and a 30% decrease in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes compared to SG1. TM7 bacteria were observed exclusively in the M. oleifera-treated group. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf powder acts as a modulator that enhances chicken gut microbiota, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria. PICRUSt analysis supported these findings, showing increased carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the M.oleifera-treated gut microbiota. Conclusion This study indicates that supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a phytobiotic enhances the gut microbiota in chicken models, potentially improving overall health. The observed changes in bacterial composition, increased presence of Bacteroides, and exclusive presence of TM7 bacteria suggest a positive modulation of microbial balance. The essential metabolites from isolated Enterococcus faecium bacteria further support the potential benefits of Moringa oleifera supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya Soundararajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jasmine Selvakumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zion Mercy Maria Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvapriya Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishali Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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13
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Use of Moringa oleifera leaves (sole or combined with concentrate) in rabbit feeding: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109108. [PMID: 36640718 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sixty Chinchilla rabbits (28 days old) were divided into three equal groups (n = 20). Rabbits in MOL0 (control) were fed pellets containing 700 g cowpea hay/kg pellet as forage source, whereas rabbits in MOL700 and MOL950 were fed pellets containing 700 and 950 g moringa leaves/kg feed pellets, respectively. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was comparable in MOL700 and MOL0, however, it was higher in MOL950. Among the carcass traits, dressing percent was higher while, chilling loss was lower in MOL700 treatment. The Longissimus thoracis muscle of rabbits fed moringa leaves containing pellets (MOL700 and MOL950) had lower saturated fatty acid content, higher C18:3n-3 and total n-3 fatty acids along with lower thrombogenic index value. Hence, incorporating moringa leaves at 70% level is beneficial in terms of improved growth performance and functional attributes of meat than diet- containing sole moringa leaves.
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14
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Moringa oleifera leaf protein: extraction, characteristics and applications. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Lata S, Koli P, Singh S, Bhadoria BK, Chand U, Ren Y. The study of structure and effects of two new proanthocyanidins from Anogeissus pendula leaves on rumen enzyme activities. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1163197. [PMID: 37152684 PMCID: PMC10157202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1163197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel proanthocyanidins, (2R, 3R)-(+)-Gallocatechin-(4β → 8)4-(2R, 3R)-(+)-gallocatechin (compound 1) and 3-O-galloyl-(2S, 3S)-(-)-epicatechin-(4α → 8)-[3-O-galloyl-(2S, 3S)-(-)-epicatechin (4α → 8)]2-(2S, 3S)-(-)-epicatechin (compound 2), were structurally characterized from leaves of Anogeissus pendula. The structures were determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation. Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer applications were used to predict bioactivity and drug score. Drug scores of 0.08 and 0.05 were predicted for compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Predicted bioactivity scores were high. Due to their molecular weight, chemical structure, and conformation, the newly discovered proanthocyanidins possess an inclination to interact with proteins. Based on this premise, both compounds were subjected to in vitro testing against ruminal enzymes. They exhibited significant inhibition activities (p < 0.01) with a range of half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 14.80-17.88 mg/mL of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in both protozoa and bacteria fractions. The ruminal glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity was significantly inhibited (p < 0.01) from EC50 12.59-16.29 mg/mL, and R-cellulase inhibition was recorded with EC50 18.20-21.98 mg/mL by compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Protease activity decreased with increasing incubation time and concentration of both compounds. The novel proanthocyanidins have potential roles in improving feed conversion ratios and in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Lata
- Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Pushpendra Koli
- Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
- School of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Pushpendra Koli
| | - Sultan Singh
- Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - B. K. Bhadoria
- Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Umesh Chand
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Yonglin Ren
- School of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Yonglin Ren
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Kholif AE, Gouda GA, Morsy TA, Matloup OH, Sallam SM, Patra AK. Associative effects between Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and Moringa oleifera leaf silage used at different levels decreased in vitro ruminal greenhouse gas production and altered ruminal fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6001-6020. [PMID: 35986854 PMCID: PMC9894963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf silage and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae mixture used at different levels replacing concentrate feed mixture in the diets of ruminant were evaluated using an in vitro gas production technique. C. vulgaris was included in rations at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations. The concentrate feed mixture was replaced by M. oleifera silage up to 100%. Productions of total gas, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) and ruminal fermentation were measured. Interactions between M. oleifera and C. vulgaris levels were observed for the rate of total gas production, lag time of CH4 production, pH, and concentrations of ammonia-N (NH3-N), total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate. The lower level of C. vulgaris increased total gas production and decreased CH4 and CO2 production as well as improved nutrient degradability compared to the other levels of C. vulgaris which showed less improvement in these parameters. The replacement levels of concentrate at 10 to 40% with M. oleifera linearly increased the asymptotic total gas production and degradabilities of dry matter and acid detergent fiber (P<0.05), while the replacement levels of 80 to 100% lowered the asymptotic (P<0.01) for the ration containing 1% C. vulgaris. Rations containing M. oleifera linearly increased the lag time of total gas production (P<0.05), neutral detergent fiber degradability, and ruminal bacteria count and decreased the asymptotic CH4 and CO2 production and ruminal protozoal count (P<0.05). For the rations containing 2 and 3% C. vulgaris, M. oleifera linearly (P<0.01) decreased the asymptotic total gas, CH4 and CO2 production, and ruminal protozoal count. The lag time of CH4 production was not affected at 1% C. vulgaris, but reduced linearly at 2% and 3% C. vulgaris. Ruminal pH was not affected by M. oleifera, but was increased by C. vulgaris at 3% level. Overall, M. oleifera in the ration containing C. vulgaris at all levels increased ruminal NH3-N concentration; however, C. vulgaris at 2% level and M. oleifera at levels up to 40% lowered NH3-N concentration. M. oleifera rations with 1% and 2% C. vulgaris increased the concentrations of total VFA and propionate, whereas these variables were not affected at 3% C. vulgaris level. In conclusion, replacement of concentrate mixture with M. oleifera at 30% level and C. vulgaris at 1% in the diet due to associative effects may improve ruminal fermentation and feed degradability while decreasing CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eid Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Osama Hefiny Matloup
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Mohamed Sallam
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, India
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Manyelo TG, Sebola NA, Weeks W, Mabelebele M. Effect of amaranth leaf meal on performance, meat and bone characteristics of Boschveld indigenous chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - William Weeks
- Agricultural Research Services, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
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18
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Patel P, Patel A, Agarwal-Rajput R, Rawal R, Dave B, Gosai H. Characterization, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Bench-Scale Production of Novel pH-Stable and Thermotolerant L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis PPD37. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3122-3141. [PMID: 36564676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial L-asparaginase (LA) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has remained mainstay of cancer treatment for several decades. LA has been extensively used worldwide for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A halotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis sp. isolated from marine environment was used for LA production. The enzyme produced was subjected to purification and physico-chemical characterisation. Purified LA was thermotolerant and demonstrated more than 90% enzyme activity after 1 h of incubation at 80 °C. LA has also proved to be resistant against pH gradient and retained activity at pH ranging from 3.0 to 10. The enzyme also had high salinity tolerance with 90% LA activity at 10% NaCl concentration. Detergents like Triton X-100 and Tween-80 were observed to inhibit LA activity while more than 70% catalytic activity was maintained in the presence of metals. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that LA is a heterodimer (~ 63 and ~ 65 kDa) and has molecular mass of around 130 kDa in native form. The kinetic parameters of LA were tested with LA having low Km value of 1.518 µM and Vmax value of 6.94 µM/min/mL. Purified LA has also exhibited noteworthy antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines-HeLa, SiHa, A549, and SH-SY-5Y. In addition, bench-scale LA production was conducted in a 5-L bioreactor using moringa leaves as cost-effective substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Ajay Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Reena Agarwal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research (IIAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti Dave
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Haren Gosai
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
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Mahmood M, Samli HE, Sener-Aydemir A, Sharma S, Zebeli Q, Khiaosa-ard R. Moringa oleifera and Propolis in Cattle Nutrition: Characterization of Metabolic Activities in the Rumen In Vitro. Metabolites 2022; 12:1237. [PMID: 36557275 PMCID: PMC9780799 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera by-products such as seed cake and leaves are protein-rich ingredients, while raw propolis has the potential to influence ruminal protein metabolism. These substances are also known to be sources of functional compounds. With these properties, they could modulate ruminal fermentation activities. Using the rumen simulation technique, we investigated ruminal fermentation and the antioxidant properties of four dietary treatments. These included a control diet (CON) without supplementation; the CON diet top-dressed on a dry matter (DM) basis, either with moringa seed cake (MSC, containing 49% crude protein (CP)), moringa leaf powder (ML, containing 28% CP), or raw propolis (PRO, 3% CP). MSC, ML, and PRO accounted for 3.8, 7.4, and 0.1% of the total diet DM, respectively. Both ML and MSC resulted in 14 and 27% more ammonia concentration, respectively than CON and PRO (p < 0.05). MSC increased the propionate percentage at the expense of acetate (p < 0.05). Both ML and MSC decreased methane percentages by 7 and 10%, respectively, compared to CON (p < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity of the moringa seed cake, moringa leaf powder, and raw propolis were 1.14, 0.56, and 8.56 mg Trolox/g DM, respectively. However, such differences were not evident in the fermentation fluid. In conclusion, the supplementation of moringa seed cake desirably modulates rumen microbial activities related to protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarik Mahmood
- Animal Nutrition Section, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Sub Campus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ersin Samli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
| | - Arife Sener-Aydemir
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Suchitra Sharma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Metabolites of Moringa oleifera Activate Physio-Biochemical Pathways for an Accelerated Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121242. [PMID: 36557280 PMCID: PMC9788086 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the functional metabolites of Moringa oleifera (MO) were screened to evaluate their possible role in accelerated functional retrieval after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). MO leaves were used for extract preparation using solvents of different polarities. Each dry extract was uniformly mixed in rodents' chow and supplemented daily at a dose rate of 2 g/kg body weight from the day of nerve crush until the completion of the trial. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and muscle grip strength were performed to assess the recovery of motor functions, whereas the hotplate test was performed to measure the regain of sensory functions. An optimal level of oxidative stress and a controlled glycemic level mediates a number of physio-biochemical pathways for the smooth progression of the regeneration process. Therefore, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glycemic levels were analyzed in metabolite-enriched extract-treated groups compared to the control. The supplementation of polar extracts demonstrated a significantly high potential to induce the retrieval of sensory and motor functions. Further, they were highly effective in controlling oxidative stress, facilitating accelerated nerve generation. This study has highlighted MO as a sustainable source of nutritive metabolites and a valuable target for drug development.
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Alavilli H, Poli Y, Verma KS, Kumar V, Gupta S, Chaudhary V, Jyoti A, Sahi SV, Kothari SL, Jain A. Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera: Status of the Genetic Diversity, Breeding, In Vitro Propagation, and a Cogent Source of Commercial Functional Food and Non-Food Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3132. [PMID: 36432862 PMCID: PMC9694164 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing drought-resistant tree belonging to the family Moringaceae and native to the Indian subcontinent and cultivated and/or naturalized worldwide with a semi-arid climate. MO is also popularly known as a miracle tree for its repertoire of nutraceutical, pharmacological, and phytochemical properties. The MO germplasm is collected, conserved, and maintained by various institutions across the globe. Various morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers are used for determining the genetic diversity in MO accessions. A higher yield of leaves and pods is often desirable for making various products with commercial viability and amenable for trade in the international market. Therefore, breeding elite varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions and in vitro propagation are viable and sustainable approaches. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MO germplasm conservation and various markers that are employed for assessing the genetic diversity among them. Further, breeding and in vitro propagation of MO for various desirable agronomic traits are discussed. Finally, trade and commerce of various functional and biofortified foods and non-food products are enumerated albeit with a need for a rigorous and stringent toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugandhar Poli
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Kumar Sambhav Verma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Vigi Chaudhary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Biotechnology Department, Chandigarh University, National Highway-95, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State Highway, Chandigarh 160055, India
| | - Shivendra V. Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University (University City Campus), 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shanker Lal Kothari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
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Leitanthem VK, Chaudhary P, Bhakat M, Mohini M, Mondal G. Impact of Moringa oleifera on rumen fermentation and methane emission under in vitro condition. AMB Express 2022; 12:141. [DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExploring innovative methods to provide essential nutrients and reducing ruminant greenhouse gas emission is crucial for animal production and diminishing global warming. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves (ML) in ruminants at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% level in different roughage (R) and concentrate (C) (80R:20C, 70R:30C and 60R:40C) under in vitro conditions. Chemical composition of ML, concentrate mixture and berseem were estimated. Rumen fermentation parameters of male goat kids viz., total gas production, CH4, true dry matter digestibility (TDMD), organic matter digestibility (TOMD), partial fraction (PF), microbial biomass (MBP), ammonia (N), acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetate propionate ratio were observed under in vitro conditions. Results revealed that crude protein, organic matter and ethyl ether content were higher in ML as compared to concentrate mixture and berseem. Magnesium and iron content were also higher in ML as compared to concentrate and berseem. Total gas production, digestibility of DM and OM, MBP, acetate and propionate level were improved (P < 0.05) upto 10–20% replacement. In contrast, decreased in CH4 (%) and CH4 (mL/100 mg dDM) was noted with increased levels of ML incorporation. There was no change observed in ammonia, acetate: propionate ratios at all the three planes of nutrition. In this study, it is concluded that mixing Moringa oleifera leaves in feed can be used as protein supplement and reduce the methane emission without causing any effect on digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters. However, ML can be suggested for widespread practice to attain the sustainable animal production (10–20%) and to alleviate the global warming.
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Potential of Moringa oleifera silage to replace concentrate feed mixture in diet of lactating Damascus goats. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of partial replacement of concentrate with Moringa oleifera silage (MOS) in the diet of lactating Damascus goats on milk production, nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation. Fifteen lactating ewes were stratified in a quintuplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design (3 diets × 3 periods) for 90 days and fed a diet composed of a concentrate mixture and rice straw in 60:40 (DM basis) in the control group for 30 days in each period. In the other two diets, MOS was included in the control diet at 20 (MOS20 diet) or 40% (MOS40 diet) replacing the same amounts of concentrate on DM basis. Feeding MOS containing diets linearly (P<0.05) decreased non-structural carbohydrates intake, while it increased the intakes of crude protein and acid detergent fiber as well as the digestibility of the nutrients compared to the control. Moreover, MOS diets linearly increased (P<0.01) ruminal pH, concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate, and concentrations of serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein. Increased milk production, concentrations of milk fat and total conjugated linoleic acid, and feed efficiency were observed with feeding MOS diets. It is concluded that concentrate feed mixture in diets of lactating Damascus goats can be replaced with M. oleifera silage up to 40% to improve their lactational performance.
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Dose–Response Effects of Bamboo Leaves on Rumen Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and Microbial Abundance In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172222. [PMID: 36077942 PMCID: PMC9454597 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to economic, environmental, and nutritional considerations, mitigating enteric methane production from ruminants is an important issue. Nutritionists have recently shown that feeding livestock natural feed additives could ameliorate this problem, due to the antimicrobial activities of the biologically active components in the additives. Bamboo is widely distributed in Asia and is currently being used in construction and paper pulp production, which results in a significant amount of bamboo leaves as by-products. The present study investigated whether bamboo leaves feeding can decrease methane production in ruminants. Here we found that bamboo leaves supplementation in vitro caused a 12.7–34.2% reduction in methane production after 12 and 48 h. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effect of bamboo leaves supplementation in vivo, to determine its potential for mitigating methane production from ruminants. Abstract Ruminants produce large amounts of methane as part of their normal digestive processes. Recently, feed additives were shown to inhibit the microorganisms that produce methane in the rumen, consequently reducing methane emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose–response effect of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis (PHN) and Sasa borealis supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane, and carbon dioxide production, and the microbial population. An in vitro batch culture system was used, incubated without bamboo leaves (control) or with bamboo leaves (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/L). After 48 h, total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide production decreased linearly with an increasing dose of bamboo leaves supplementation. The total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and acetate-to-propionate ratio were affected quadratically with increasing doses of bamboo leaves supplementation. In addition, propionate decreased linearly. Butyrate was increased linearly with increasing doses of PHN supplementation. The absolute values of total bacteria and methanogenic archaea decreased linearly and quadratically with an increasing dose of PHN treatment after 48 h. These results show that bamboo leaves supplementation can reduce methane production by directly affecting methanogenic archaea, depressing the metabolism of methanogenic microbes, or transforming the composition of the methanogenic community. These results need to be validated using in vivo feeding trials before implementation.
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Nutraceutical Enrichment of Animal Feed by Filamentous Fungi Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improvements in animal production, particularly for ruminants, such that more sustainable and efficient processes are developed for obtaining more nutritious and efficient feeds. Filamentous fungi can add value to residual plant biomass, and may also have the potential to produce metabolites and enrich plant biomasses used in animal nutrition, converting them into nutraceutical sources. Thus, in this work, filamentous fungal fermentation of ruminant feed biomasses commonly used in Brazil was performed, and the enrichment for bioactive metabolites was tested. For this, Fistulina hepatica, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Panus lecomtei, and Aspergillus terreus were grown for 28 days on different substrates: starchy grains- (sorghum, oat, and corn), fibrous substrates (coast-cross, rice husk, and moringa plant) and protein-rich substrates (cottonseed cake and pigeon pea plant). Fermented substrates were evaluated for laccase activity, crude protein, β-glucan, and lovastatin content. The highest growth rate was observed for G. lucidum in oat substrate (OT-01) (0.708 ± 0.035 cm/day) and F. hepatica in oat + coast-cross + pigeon pea treatment (OT-10) (0.607 ± 0.012 cm/day). High laccase activity was observed for P. lecomtei grown in starchy grain + moringa + pigeon pea substrate, reaching an activity of 416.8 ± 20.28 U/g. A. terreus growth in ST-09 (sorghum + pigeon pea) showed higher protein (15.3 ± 0.46%), β-glucan (503.56 ± 8.6 mg/g) and lovastatin (1.10 ± 0.17 mg/g) content compared to untreated substrates. These results demonstrate that filamentous fungi are an alternative for nutraceutical enrichment of ruminant feed biomasses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which P. lecomtei and F. hepatica are evaluated for their ability to be cultivated in ruminant feed substrates from Brazil.
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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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Proximate, Elemental, and Functional Properties of Novel Solid Dispersions of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154935. [PMID: 35956885 PMCID: PMC9370398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) is a rich source of antioxidants, protein, minerals, vitamins, and various phytochemicals and has been used to combat malnutrition in many countries. However, despite its many benefits, MOLP has low a solubility in water, necessitating the development of ways to address this issue. To improve the solubility of MOLP, solid-dispersed Moringa oleifera leaf powders (SDMOLPs) have been developed through freeze-drying, melting, microwave irradiation, and solvent evaporation methods using polyethylene glycols (PEG4000 and PEG6000) (1:1) as hydrophilic carriers. The solid dispersions were evaluated for their proximate composition using standard analytical procedures. Elemental composition was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Water absorption capacity (WAC) and water-solubility were further evaluated as functional properties. Proximate composition revealed that MOLP and SDMOLPs were rich in protein, energy, carbohydrate, ash, and fat contents. MOLP solid dispersions are a major source of minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn), and can be used to alleviate many mineral deficiencies. All solid dispersions had significantly higher (p < 0.05) solubilities (ranging from 54 to 64%) and WAC (ranging from 468.86 to 686.37%), relative to that of pure MOLP. The increased solubility of SDMOLPs may be attributed to the hydrogen bonds and intermolecular interactions between MOLP and the hydrophilic carriers. The results indicate that the solid dispersion technique can be successfully employed to improve the solubility of MOLP. And the solid-dispersed MOLPs with enhanced functional properties may be useful as functional ingredients in foods and beverages, dietary supplements, or nutraceutical formulations.
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Effects of Supplementing Finishing Goats with Mitragyna speciosa (Korth) Havil Leaves Powder on Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131637. [PMID: 35804536 PMCID: PMC9264776 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to see how dried Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves (DKTL) affected growth, hematological parameters, carcass characteristics, muscle chemical composition, and fatty acid profile in finishing goats. In a randomized complete block design, twenty crossbred males (Thai Native x Boer) weaned goats (17.70 ± 2.50 kg of initial body weight (BW)) were provided to the experimental animals (5 goats per treatment) for 90 days. Individual dietary treatments of 0, 2.22, 4.44, and 6.66 g/d of DKTL on a dry matter basis were given to the goats. The diets were provided twice daily as total mixed rations ad libitum. In comparison to the control diet, DKTL supplementation had no effect on BW, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass composition, meat pH, or meat color (p > 0.05). After DKTL treatment, the hot carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, oleic acid (C18:1n9), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and protein content increased, but saturated fatty acids (SFA) and ether extract decreased (p < 0.05). To summarize, DKTL supplementation can improve goat meat quality.
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Kholif AE, Gouda GA, Abu Elella AA, Patra AK. Replacing the Concentrate Feed Mixture with Moringa oleifera Leaves Silage and Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Mixture in Diets of Damascus Goats: Lactation Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Ruminal Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121589. [PMID: 35739926 PMCID: PMC9219607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring suitable alternatives for high-cost concentrate feeds is a critical factor for successful livestock production. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera silage and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae (at 1% of total diet, DM basis) in a quintuplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design for milk production performance, nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation in Damascus goats. Fifteen lactating Damascus goats were divided into three groups to be fed a diet composed of a concentrate mixture and rice straw at 60:40 (DM basis) in the control group and fed for 30 days in each period. The concentrate mixture in the control treatment was replaced with M. oleifera silage and C. vulgaris microalgae at 20% (MA20 treatment) or 40% (MA40 treatment). Treatments did not affect total feed intake but increased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) and fiber intakes while decreasing nonstructural carbohydrates intake. The digestibility of CP and acid detergent fiber increased due to silage supplementation compared to the control treatment. Treatments increased (p < 0.05) ruminal pH and the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and propionate; however, they decreased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of ammonia-N. Treatments increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of serum glucose and antioxidant capacity. Both MA20 and MA40 treatments increased the daily milk production, the concentrations of milk fat and lactose, and feed efficiency compared to the control treatment. Additionally, MA20 and MA40 treatments increased the proportions of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total conjugated linoleic acids. It is concluded that the concentrate feed mixture in the diet of lactating goats can be replaced up to 40% (equals to 24% of total diet) with M. oleifera silage to improve feed intake and nutrient utilization, and milk production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gouda A. Gouda
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Amgad A. Abu Elella
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12126, Egypt;
| | - Amlan K. Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata 700037, India;
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Comparison in Content of Total Polyphenol, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Capacity from Different Organs and Extruded Condition of Moringa oleifera Lam. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in exploring phytochemicals with health benefits has grown significantly. In this research, we aimed to develop the processing profile and functionality of Moringa oleifera Lam. Here, we implemented biopolymer-mediated extrudate formulations of M. oleifera (leaves, seed, and husk) in order to enhance the phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity. The formulation-1 (F1) was prepared for leaves, seed, and husk using biopolymers (10% w/w), namely: whey protein isolate (10% w/w) and lecithin (5% w/w) with vitamin E (2% w/w). The formulation-2 (F2) was composed of lecithin (5% w/w) with ascorbyl palmitate (10% w/w) and vitamin E (2% w/w), processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). It was observed that the total phenol and flavonoid contents were persistent in the lecithin-mediated F2 formulation of leaves, seed, and husk. Likewise, antioxidant capacity was significantly stayed in the F2 formulation of all organs, compared to the extrudate and control. The IC50 values revealed that the leaves of the F2 formulation showed strong free radical scavenging capacity compared to the F2 formulation of seed and husk. It was concluded that the F2 formulation could be used in the different parts of M. oleifera processing to boost functionality.
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Oyeyinka AT, Siwela M, Tesfay S, Pillay K. Nutritional, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of
Moringa oleifera
leaf powder decolorized under optimized conditions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition University of KwaZulu‐Natal South Africa
| | - Samson Tesfay
- Department of Horticultural Science University of KwaZulu‐Natal South Africa
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition University of KwaZulu‐Natal South Africa
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Brar S, Haugh C, Robertson N, Owuor PM, Waterman C, Fuchs GJ, Attia SL. The impact of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation on human and animal nutrition, growth, and milk production: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1600-1615. [PMID: 35302264 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood undernutrition contributes to up to 45% of deaths in children under age 5. Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaves are nutrient dense and promote breastmilk production. We performed a systematic review assessing the impact of moringa leaf supplementation in humans and animals on the outcomes of iron, vitamin A status, the measures of growth, and/or breastmilk production. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows; inclusion: quantitative primary data assessing the effect of moringa leaf supplementation on humans or animals including any of the outcomes defined earlier with no exclusion for geography, age, or language. Exclusion: full text not available. Our search yielded 148 unique studies; among them, 33 were included (seven human studies and 26 animal studies). Quality assessment by Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines was strong for one study and moderate for all other studies. In humans, moringa at higher (14-30 g/day) not lower (<10 g/day) doses improved hemoglobin (Hgb) in children with iron deficiency anemia, improved Hgb and vitamin A status in postmenopausal women, and increased BMI in HIV+ underweight adults. Moringa (0.5 g/day) also increased breastmilk volumes. In animals, moringa increased milk production in two of three studies, inconsistently affected growth, and had no effect on iron status. Evidence on moringa supplementation's utility is limited but promising. Larger, more rigorous trials are needed to characterize its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Brar
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carolyn Haugh
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicole Robertson
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick Mbullo Owuor
- Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - George J Fuchs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suzanna Labib Attia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Effect of Feed Supplement Containing Dried Kratom Leaves on Apparent Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Serum Antioxidants, Hematology, and Nitrogen Balance in Goats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to examine the influence of supplementation with dried kratom leaf (DKTL) on the performance, hematology, and nitrogen balance in goats. Four 12-month-old male crossbred (Thai Native x Anglo Nubian) goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 24.63 ± 0.95 kg were allocated randomly to receive four different levels of DKTL using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The DKTL was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) diet with doses of 0, 2.22, 4.44, and 6.66 g/day to investigate the treatment’s efficacy. The DKTL was high in secondary metabolites, including mitragynine, total phenolics, total tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. There were quadratic effects on total DMI in terms of kg/day (p = 0.04), %BW (p = 0.05), and g/kg BW.75 (p = 0.02). DKTL increased apparent digestibility with quadratic effects (DM; p = 0.01, OM; p = 0.01, CP; p = 0.04, NDF; p = 0.01, and ADF; p = 0.01). The pH value was within the rumen’s normal pH range, whereas NH3-N and BUN concentrations were lower with DKTL supplementation, and also reduced cholesterol (CHOL, p = 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, p = 0.01). The protozoa population decreased linearly as DKTL levels increased (p < 0.01), whereas Fibrobacter succinogenes increased quadratically at 0 h (p = 0.02), and mean values increased linearly (p < 0.01). The average value of acetic acid (C2) and methane production (CH4) decreased linearly (p < 0.05) when DKLT was added to the diet, whereas the quantity of propionic acid (C3) increased linearly (p = 0.01). Our results indicate that DKTL could be a great alternative supplement for goat feed. We believe that DKTL could provide opportunities to assist the goat meat industry in fulfilling the demands of health-conscious consumers.
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Shi H, Yang E, Yang H, Huang X, Zheng M, Chen X, Zhang J. Dynamic changes in the chemical composition and metabolite profiles of drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf flour during fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Taufek NM, Zainol Ariffin SNN, Mohd Arshad N, Mazlishah MSH. Current status of dietary Moringa oleifera and its application in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2016037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Mohd Taufek
- AquaNutri Biotech Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Norhafiza Mohd Arshad
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abidin Z, Huang HT, Liao ZH, Chen BY, Wu YS, Lin YJ, Nan FH. Moringa oleifera Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei). Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010042. [PMID: 35011148 PMCID: PMC8749943 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study found that moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves’ water extract triggered phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and superoxide anion production in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) hemocytes by an in vitro assay. By an in vivo assay, a dietary moringa extract enhanced the total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, immune-related gene expressions, and growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp. The administration of dietary moringa extract increased the survival rate after challenging the whiteleg shrimp with Vibrio alginolyticus. Abstract Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus, especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaenal Abidin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Bo-Ying Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Xue-Fu Road, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xing-Da Road, South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-24622192 (ext. 2910)
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Characterization of Novel Solid Dispersions of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Using Thermo-Analytical Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has been identified as the most important functional ingredient owing to its rich nutritional profile and healthy effects. The solubility and functional properties of this ingredient can be enhanced through solid dispersion technology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) 4000 and 6000 as hydrophilic carriers and solid dispersion techniques (freeze-drying, melting, solvent evaporation, and microwave irradiation) on the crystallinity and thermal stability of solid-dispersed Moringa oleifera leaf powders (SDMOLPs). SDMOLPs were dully characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PXRD results revealed that the solid dispersions were partially amorphous with strong diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 19° and 23°. The calorimetric and thermogravimetric curves showed that PEGs conferred greater stability on the dispersions. The FTIR studyrevealed the existence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between MOLP and PEG functional groups. MOLP solid dispersions may be useful in functional foods and beverages and nutraceutical formulations.
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Giuberti G, Rocchetti G, Montesano D, Lucini L. The potential of Moringa oleifera in food formulation: a promising source of functional compounds with health-promoting properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Flores B, Ramírez E, Moncada A, Salinas N, Fischer R, Hernández C, Mora-Sánchez B, Sheleby-Elías J, Jirón W, Balcázar JL. Antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera seed powder against Vibrio cholerae isolated from the rearing water of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:238-246. [PMID: 34806784 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shrimp farming has experienced rising costs as a result of disease outbreaks associated with Vibrio spp. Suitable strategies for disease prevention and control are therefore urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera seed powder against Vibrio cholerae in the rearing water of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvae. In vitro assays included the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. oleifera seed powder against V. cholerae, whereas in vivo assays included the effect of M. oleifera seed powder on bacterial load and water quality parameters in the rearing tanks, as well as its effect on shrimp postlarvae survival. M. oleifera seed powder inhibited the growth of V. cholerae with MIC values of 62·5 µg ml-1 . Moreover, seawater pH of treated tanks (8·66) was significantly lower (P < 0·01) than pH of the control tanks (9·02), whereas the visibility of treated tanks (37·08 cm) was significantly higher (P < 0·01) as compared to control tanks (35·37 cm). Likewise, V. cholerae load was significantly reduced (P < 0·01) from 4·7 × 104 to 3·1 × 103 CFU per ml in tanks treated with M. oleifera seed powder. Altogether, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of M. oleifera against V. cholerae in shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Flores
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - E Ramírez
- Departamento Acuícola, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - A Moncada
- Departamento Acuícola, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - N Salinas
- Departamento Acuícola, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - R Fischer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - C Hernández
- Departamento Acuícola, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - B Mora-Sánchez
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua.,Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Sheleby-Elías
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - W Jirón
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - J L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
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Gebrai Y, Ghebremichael K, Mihelcic JR. A systems approach to analyzing food, energy, and water uses of a multifunctional crop: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148254. [PMID: 34412387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional crops can simultaneously contribute to multiple societal objectives. As a result, they represent an attractive means for improving rural livelihoods. Moringa oleifera is an example of a multifunctional crop that produces nutritious leaves with uses as food, fodder, and a biostimulant to enhance crop growth. It yields seeds containing a water purifying coagulant and oil with cosmetic uses and possible biofuel feedstock. Despite Moringa oleifera's (and other multifunctional crops') various Food-Energy-Water uses, optimizing the benefits of its multiple uses and livelihood improvements remains challenging. There is a need for holistic approaches capable of assessing the multifunctionality of agriculture and livelihood impacts. Therefore, this paper critically evaluates Moringa oleifera's Food-Energy-Water-Livelihood nexus applications to gain insight into the tradeoffs and synergies among its various applications using a systems thinking approach. A systems approach is proposed as a holistic thinking framework that can help navigate the complexity of a crop's multifunctionality. The "Success to the Successful" systems archetype was adopted to capture the competition between the need for leaf yields and seed yields. In areas where there is energy and water insecurity, Moringa oleifera seed production is recommended for its potential to coproduce oil, the water purifying coagulant, and a residue that can be applied as a fertilizer. In areas where food insecurity is an issue, focusing on leaf production would be beneficial due to its significance in augmenting food for human consumption, animal feed, and its use as a biostimulant to increase crop yields. A causal loop diagram was found to effectively map the interconnections among the various uses of Moringa oleifera and associated livelihood improvements. This framework provides stakeholders with a conceptual decision-making tool that can help maximize positive livelihood outcomes. This approach can also be applied for improved management of other multifunctional crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Gebrai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Kebreab Ghebremichael
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, CGS 238, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| | - James R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
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Huang H, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Ślusarczyk S, Lechniak D, Vazirigohar M, Varadyova Z, Kozłowska M, Cieślak A. Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tabassum S, Hussain SM, Ali S, Arsalan MZUH, Ahmad B, Asrar M, Sharif A. Partial replacement of fish meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal in practical diets of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246333. [PMID: 34468517 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish protein is serving as a source of nutrition for protein starving world. However, sustainable aquaculture products require inexpensive plant by-products due to finite sources of fish meal. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine nutrient utilization, growth performance and hematological indices of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diets. Fish were fed with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets having MOLM as a substitute of fish meal (FM) at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for the period of 90 days. Fingerlings having initial weight 6.35±0.04g were reared in triplicate tanks at the stocking density of 15 and hand fed at the rate of 5% of total biomass twice regularly. Chromic oxide inclusion level was 1% in diets. After analysis, maximum growth performance and improved digestibility of nutrients were found in fish fed with diet at 10% replacement level as compared to fish fed on control diet and other test diets. Additionally, it was found that the red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of fish showed a significantly (p<0.05) inverse correlation with the increase in MOLM. In present research, it was concluded that MOLM has good potential to be used as a FM substitute in C. mrigala diet with maximum effect at 10% showing positive hematological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabassum
- Government College University Faisalabad, Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - S M Hussain
- Government College University Faisalabad, Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- Government College University, Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- China Medical University, Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - B Ahmad
- Government College University Faisalabad, Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - M Asrar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - A Sharif
- Government College University Faisalabad, Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
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Sultana N, Das NG, Kabir MA, Deb GK, Islam MT. Metabolic Benefit of Bulls Being Fed Moringa Leaves Twigs and Branches as a Major Concentrate Ingredient. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.712919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate nutrient metabolism and semen quality of bulls fed with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, twigs, and branches as a major concentrate ingredient. Twenty-one Red Chittagong bulls of about 204 (±50) kg initial live weight (LW) were randomly divided into three equal LW groups. They were fed maize silage as a basal feedstuff for 65 days with the supplementation of concentrate mixtures at 1% of LW, consisting of either 0, 25, or 50% moringa mash on a fresh basis. Moringa mash was a sun-dried ground preparation of leaves, twigs, and branches of moringa. The results indicated that different levels of moringa in concentrate mixtures (0, 25, and 50%) did not change daily DM intake, digestibility, and LW gain of bulls (p > 0.05). However, increasing dietary moringa (up to 203 g/kg DM) significantly decreased production cost of methane (CH4) (methane emission [kg/kg gain] = 1.6422—[0.0059 × moringa intake, g/kg DM], n = 12, R2 = 0.384, P = 0.032) in a similar metabolizable energy intake level (0.21 ± 0.01 MJ/kg LW). Also, higher dietary moringa significantly reduced urinary nitrogen loss (urinary nitrogen [% digested nitrogen] = 43.0 – 0.069 × moringa intake [g/kg DM]; R2 = 0.3712, P = 0.034). Thus, increasing moringa by 1 g/kg DM decreased CH4 emission by 6 g/kg gain and absorbed nitrogen loss by 0.069 %. Also, progressive motility of sperm increased significantly (33.0, 51.0, and 60.1%, respectively; p = 0.03) in bulls fed with concentrate mixtures containing moringa at 0, 25, or 50%. It may be concluded that feeding moringa mash at 203 g/kg DM may decrease energy loss as methane and urinary nitrogen loss without impacting the production of beef cattle. Feeding moringa mash to beef cattle may abate dietary energy and nitrogen loss and consequently decrease the environmental pollution.
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The Potential Impact of Moringa oleifera for Diminishing the Microbial Contamination and Prolonging the Quality and Shelf-Life of Chilled Meat. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was implemented to assess the mechanism by which Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) improves the quality and prolongs shelf-life of the broilers’ breast meat. Ninety Cobb chicks were randomly allocated to 3 groups. A control group received the standard diet, whereas the other two groups received diets containing MOLE at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg for 21 days. Inclusion of MOLE in broilers diet significantly reduced the detrimental changes in the overall sensory attribute scores, characteristic color and odor, and the loss of breast muscle elasticity during storage. Furthermore, it significantly reduced concentrations of thiobarbituric acid, total volatile nitrogen, non-esterified fatty acids, and peroxide, during storage compared to the control samples. No effect on the concentrations of heavy metals, such as copper, cadmium, and lead, was observed. Decomposition of samples was delayed as indicated by lower pH values and higher sensory scores at 4 and 6 days of storage in the MOLE groups. Reduced contamination with E. coli and Salmonella species indicated an antibacterial effect of MOLE. Finally, the present study highlights that MOLE supplementation may play a role in improving quality and shelf-life of the chilled breast meat in broilers.
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Selim S, Seleiman MF, Hassan MM, Saleh AA, Mousa MA. Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Leaves on Performance, Meat Characteristics, Oxidative Stability, and Fatty Acid Profile in Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020248. [PMID: 33498443 PMCID: PMC7909436 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rabbit meat is mostly preferred by consumers owing to its high nutritive value and potential health benefits. However, rabbit meat is commonly more prone to lipid peroxidation during storage, with negative effects on quality traits of meat, due to its elevated level of unsaturation of fatty acids. Moringa oleifera leaves have gained great interest owing to their high nutritional value and low anti-nutritional factors. Moringa oleifera leaves could possibly avoid oxidation damage and exhibit antioxidant activities that can conquer free radicals and reactive oxygen species synthesis. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of feeding Moringa oleifera leaves on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical constituents, meat quality, and fatty acids profile of growing rabbits. Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, antioxidant status, and meat quality characteristics. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation enhanced PUFA contents, n-3 fatty acid, crude protein, and color of meat, but lowered the relative content of ether extract of the meat. Our findings suggested that Moringa oleifera could be used at a level of 1.5 g/kg of the growing rabbits’ diets with beneficial impacts on performance and the nutritional value of the meat. Abstract Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) have gained great interest as a non-traditional feed ingredient due to their unique nutritional value. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of graded dietary supplementation levels with MOL on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical constituents, meat quality, and fatty acids profile of growing rabbits. A total of 120 weaned New Zealand white rabbits (6 weeks old) were randomly allotted into 4 dietary groups with 5 replicates each (n = 6), which were fed for 42 days with a basal diet as control or 3 experimental diets supplemented with 5, 10, or 15 g/kg MOL. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the dietary inclusion of MOL at a level of 10 and 15 g/kg DM linearly increased (p < 0.01) final live weight (2403.3 and 2498.2 vs. 2166.6) and average daily weight gain (36.5 and 35.51 g/d vs. 28.72 g/d), and enhanced feed conversion ratio (2.49 and 2.50 vs. 3.14). The dietary supplementation with MOL linearly increased dressing out percentage, spleen index, intestinal length, and decreased abdominal fat index (p < 0.01). Greater serum levels of total protein and globulin, but lower alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in the MOL-fed rabbits (p < 0.01). Serum levels of total triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) were decreased linearly and quadratically in the MOL groups compared with the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p < 0.01), whereas malondialdehyde decreased (p < 0.01) linearly and quadratically in both serum and meat, in response to dietary MOL supplementation. Dietary MOL supplementation increased the meat crude protein content but lowered the relative content of ether extract in the meat (p < 0.05). The relative content of the meat n-3 PUFA was increased by about 33.71%, 29.46%, and 24.36% for the MOL0.5%, MOL1%, and MOL1.5% groups compared to control. In conclusion, MOL could be used at a level of 1.5g/kg of the growing rabbits’ diets with beneficial impacts on performance, antioxidant capacity, and the nutritional value of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Mousa
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82425, Egypt;
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Solaiman MA, Ali MA, Abdel-Moein NM, Mahmoud EA. Synthesis of Ag-NPs developed by green-chemically method and evaluation of antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory of synthesized nanoparticles against LPS-induced NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zaher H, Alawaash S, Tolba A, Swelum A, Abd El-Hack M, Taha A, Abdelnour S. Impacts of Moringa oleifera Foliage Substituted for Concentrate Feed on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Hematological Attributes, and Blood Minerals of Growing Goats under Abu Dhabi Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 12:6096. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the depletion and degradation of natural resources and to maintain long-term environmental quality and sustainability, the present study investigated the impacts of Moringa oleifera foliage (MF) as a replacement for concentrate feed on growth performance, blood hematology, serum metabolites, and serum mineral profile in growing goats. A total of 30 growing local goats (4 months old ± 7 days, with an average weight of 15.80 kg ± 147 g), were randomly allotted to five treatment groups comprising 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of MF replacing the concentrate feed as daily feed. The MF75 and MF100 percent diets decreased (p < 0.05) final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), and crude protein (CP) of the diet. Moreover, MF up to 75% improved acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility. Feeding MF at different levels did not have any deleterious effects on blood chemistry parameters. Urea, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were depressed (p < 0.05), due to increasing the MF (MF50, MF75, and MF100) level in the diet of growing goats kept in an arid region, when compared to the control group. Both of MF75 and MF100 led to a decrease (p < 0.05) in phosphorous (P) level, compared with the other groups. The results were interpreted that feeding MF to replace 25% DM of the concentrate feed had no adverse effects on growth performance, feed utilization, serum metabolites, and serum minerals in growing goats reared under arid conditions. The increasing of MF level up to 50% or more significantly altered ADG and blood levels of creatinine, urea and ALP.
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Nova E, Redondo-Useros N, Martínez-García RM, Gómez-Martínez S, Díaz-Prieto LE, Marcos A. Potential of Moringa oleifera to Improve Glucose Control for the Prevention of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072050. [PMID: 32664295 PMCID: PMC7400864 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a multipurpose plant consumed as food and known for its medicinal uses, among others. Leaves, seeds and pods are the main parts used as food or food supplements. Nutritionally rich and with a high polyphenol content in the form of phenolic acids, flavonoids and glucosinolates, MO has been shown to exert numerous in vitro activities and in vivo effects, including hypoglycemic activity. A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed database and reference lists on the effects of MO on glucose metabolism. Thirty-three animal studies and eight human studies were included. Water and organic solvent extracts of leaves and, secondly, seeds, have been extensively assayed in animal models, showing the hypoglycemic effect, both under acute conditions and in long-term administrations and also prevention of other metabolic changes and complications associated to the hyperglycemic status. In humans, clinical trials are scarce, with variable designs and testing mainly dry leaf powder alone or mixed with other foods or MO aqueous preparations. Although the reported results are encouraging, especially those from postprandial studies, more human studies are certainly needed with more stringent inclusion criteria and a sufficient number of diabetic or prediabetic subjects. Moreover, trying to quantify the bioactive substances administered with the experimental material tested would facilitate comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nova
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)—CSIC, C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (S.G.-M.); (L.E.D.-P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915-492-300 (ext. 231209)
| | - Noemí Redondo-Useros
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)—CSIC, C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (S.G.-M.); (L.E.D.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rosa M. Martínez-García
- Department of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Nursery, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 160071 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)—CSIC, C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (S.G.-M.); (L.E.D.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ligia E. Díaz-Prieto
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)—CSIC, C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (S.G.-M.); (L.E.D.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)—CSIC, C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (S.G.-M.); (L.E.D.-P.); (A.M.)
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