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Multari S, Bergandi L, Alovisi M, Comba A, Scotti N, Charrier L, Silvagno F, Baima G, Berutti E, Pasqualini D. Endodontic Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis Ameliorates Systemic Inflammation and Restores Impaired Cellular Responses to Insulin in an In Vitro Model. J Endod 2024; 50:1245-1253. [PMID: 38821264 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing body of research supports an association between periapical inflammation and an increased risk of developing systemic diseases. There is currently no scientific evidence to support a causal effect of inflammation on the onset of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with apical periodontitis (AP). The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate any association between AP and levels of serum inflammatory factors potentially associated with the onset of IR, and to investigate the effect of root canal treatment (RCT) on these systemic inflammation markers and on the response in vitro to insulin. METHODS A total of 27 control subjects and 27 patients with AP were enrolled. Patients with AP underwent RCT and were followed-up 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The response in vitro to insulin was assessed by measuring glucose consumption in a human pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma cell line treated with sera from healthy and AP subjects. RESULTS At baseline AP was associated with significant higher levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum of untreated (AP) patients vs controls (P < .001). Glucose consumption decreased in pancreatic cells incubated with baseline serum from patients with AP, in a manner proportional to total cytokines amount. Notably, endodontic treatment was associated with reduced levels of cytokines (P < .001) and improved response to insulin in AP group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AP may promote inflammatory-driven IR in an in vitro model, and that RCT may ameliorate inflammatory mediators in vivo and the cellular response to insulin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Multari
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Allegra Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Gianmarco Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elio Berutti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Damiano Pasqualini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Zheng Q, Wang F, Nie C, Zhang K, Sun Y, Al-Ansi W, Wu Q, Wang L, Du J, Li Y. Elevating the significance of legume intake: A novel strategy to counter aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13342. [PMID: 38634173 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly becomes a target for promoting healthy aging and longevity. The dysfunction of mitochondria with age ultimately leads to a decline in physical functions. Among them, biogenesis dysfunction and the imbalances in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria as signaling organelles in the aging process have aroused our attention. Dietary intervention in mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline during aging processes is essential, and greater attention should be directed toward healthful legume intake. Legumes are constantly under investigation for their nutritional and bioactive properties, and their consumption may yield antiaging and mitochondria-protecting benefits. This review summarizes mitochondrial dysfunction with age, discusses the benefits of legumes on mitochondrial function, and introduces the potential role of legumes in managing aging-related physical decline. Additionally, it reveals the benefits of legume intake for the elderly and offers a viable approach to developing legume-based functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Tramuta C, Decastelli L, Ingravalle F, Barcucci E, Fragassi S, Bianchi DM. Performance Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection of Lupin Traces in Food. Foods 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38397586 PMCID: PMC10888417 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with U.S. FDA Foods Program Regulatory Science Steering Committee guidelines, with this study, we optimized and validated a commercial real-time PCR method for the detection of low amounts of lupin in four classes of food matrices: chocolate cookies, ragù, Olivier salad, and barley and rice flour. DNA extracted from blank (true negative) samples artificially contaminated with lupin (Lupinus albus) flour at 1000 ppm underwent dilutions with the DNA extracted from the true negative samples up to 0.5 ppm. The limit of detection for real-time PCR was 0.5 ppm in the complex matrices (range, Ct 26-34), making this a specific, robust, and rapid method for lupin allergen detection and labeling. Our validation data support the suitability of this commercially available real-time PCR method for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Tramuta
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Department Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (BEAR), 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elisa Barcucci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Sandra Fragassi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
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Castillo RF, García Pérez R, González Díaz A, Liñán González A. Therapeutic Applications and Effects of Lupinus angustifolius (Blue Lupin) and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:2749. [PMID: 37509841 PMCID: PMC10378960 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupinus angustifolius has a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological properties of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), its chemical components, and their relevance for monitoring biological and anthropometric health markers, including triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, weight, and glycemia, compared with control groups with other kinds of diets. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, updated to December 2023, were searched. Out of the 194 studies identified, a total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 302 participants met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study indicated that the blue lupin diet has a direct relationship with parameters such as blood glucose, weight, and LDL-C but not with TGs or BMI. In conclusion, the research described in this review clearly indicates that L. angustifolius may play an important role in the dietary prevention of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Therefore, it would be highly advisable to increase its consumption in diets. However, further studies, ideally in humans, are required to truly establish L. angustifolius's health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernández Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avd. de la Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel García Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avd. de la Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana González Díaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Antonio Liñán González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avd. de la Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Lima-Cabello E, Escudero-Feliu J, Peralta-Leal A, Garcia-Fernandez P, Siddique KHM, Singh KB, Núñez MI, León J, Jimenez-Lopez JC. β-Conglutins' Unique Mobile Arm Is a Key Structural Domain Involved in Molecular Nutraceutical Properties of Narrow-Leafed Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7676. [PMID: 37108842 PMCID: PMC10143110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL; Lupinus angustifolius L.) has multiple nutraceutical properties that may result from unique structural features of β-conglutin proteins, such as the mobile arm at the N-terminal, a structural domain rich in α-helices. A similar domain has not been found in other vicilin proteins of legume species. We used affinity chromatography to purify recombinant complete and truncated (without the mobile arm domain, tβ5 and tβ7) forms of NLL β5 and β7 conglutin proteins. We then used biochemical and molecular biology techniques in ex vivo and in vitro systems to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant capacity. The complete β5 and β7 conglutin proteins decreased pro-inflammatory mediator levels (e.g., nitric oxide), mRNA expression levels (iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β), and the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-27), and other mediators (INFγ, MOP, S-TNF-R1/-R2, and TWEAK), and exerted a regulatory oxidative balance effect in cells as demonstrated in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase assays. The truncated tβ5 and tβ7 conglutin proteins did not have these molecular effects. These results suggest that β5 and β7 conglutins have potential as functional food components due to their anti-inflammatory and oxidative cell state regulatory properties, and that the mobile arm of NLL β-conglutin proteins is a key domain in the development of nutraceutical properties, making NLL β5 and β7 excellent innovative candidates as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lima-Cabello
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Julia Escudero-Feliu
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Andreina Peralta-Leal
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Garcia-Fernandez
- Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Karam B. Singh
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Maria I. Núñez
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease and UNAI, San Cecilio University Hospital, E-18006 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, E-18008 Granada, Spain
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Chukwuejim S, Utioh A, Choi TD, Aluko RE. Lupin Seed Proteins: A Comprehensive Review of Composition, Extraction Technologies, Food Functionality, and Health Benefits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2191701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Combined Gamma Conglutin and Lupanine Treatment Exhibits In Vivo an Enhanced Antidiabetic Effect by Modulating the Liver Gene Expression Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010117. [PMID: 36678614 PMCID: PMC9867068 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have individually shown the antidiabetic potential of gamma conglutin (Cγ) and lupanine from lupins. Until now, the influence of combining both compounds and the effective dose of the combination have not been assessed. Moreover, the resulting gene expression profile from this novel combination remains to be explored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate different dose combinations of Cγ and lupanine by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify the higher antidiabetic effect on a T2D rat model. Later, we administered the selected dose combination during a week. Lastly, we evaluated biochemical parameters and liver gene expression profile using DNA microarrays and bioinformatic analysis. We found that the combination of 28 mg/kg BW Cγ + 20 mg/kg BW lupanine significantly reduced glycemia and lipid levels. Moreover, this treatment positively influenced the expression of Pdk4, G6pc, Foxo1, Foxo3, Ppargc1a, Serpine1, Myc, Slc37a4, Irs2, and Igfbp1 genes. The biological processes associated with these genes are oxidative stress, apoptosis regulation, and glucose and fatty-acid homeostasis. For the first time, we report the beneficial in vivo effect of the combination of two functional lupin compounds. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the Cγ + lupanine combined treatment.
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Villarino CBJ, Alikpala HMA, Begonia AF, Cruz JD, Dolot LAD, Mayo DR, Rigor TMT, Tan ES. Quality and health dimensions of pulse-based dairy alternatives with chickpeas, lupins and mung beans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2375-2421. [PMID: 36221986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Health and environmental issues regarding dairy consumption have been highlighted in recent years leading to tremendous consumer demand for plant-based substitutes. In this review, we focused on quality and health dimensions of pulse-based dairy alternatives (PuBDA) using chickpeas, lupins and mung beans. Appraisal of existing documents show that there is limited information on PuBDA with the said pulses compared to similar materials such as soy and pea. Most of the studies focused on milk or fermented milks, either in full or partial substitution of the dairy ingredients with the pulses. Issues on stability, sensory properties, shelf life and nutritional quality were underlined by existing literature. Although it was emphasized in some reports the health potential through the bioactive components, there is scarce data on clinical studies showing actual health benefits of the featured PuBDA in this paper. There is also a scant number of these PuBDA that are currently available in the market and in general, these products have inferior nutritional quality compared to the animal-based counterparts. Technological innovations involving physical, biological and chemical techniques can potentially address the quality problems in the use of chickpeas, lupins, and mung beans as raw materials in dairy alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casiana Blanca J Villarino
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Heart Maryse A Alikpala
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Adrian F Begonia
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jannelle D Cruz
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Leslie Anne D Dolot
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Doris R Mayo
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Theresa Marie T Rigor
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Elvira S Tan
- R&D ANA-Based Proteins Department, Monde Nissin Corporation, Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
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Lupinus albus γ-Conglutin: New Findings about Its Action at the Intestinal Barrier and a Critical Analysis of the State of the Art on Its Postprandial Glycaemic Regulating Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173666. [PMID: 36079925 PMCID: PMC9460565 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Conglutin (γ-C) is the glycoprotein from the edible seed L. albus, studied for long time for its postprandial glycaemic regulating action. It still lacks clear information on what could happen at the meeting point between the protein and the organism: the intestinal barrier. We compared an in vitro system involving Caco-2 and IPEC-J2 cells with an ex vivo system using pig ileum and jejunum segments to study γ-C transport from the apical to the basolateral compartment, and its effects on the D-glucose uptake and glucose transporters protein expression. Finally, we studied its potential in modulating glucose metabolism by assessing the possible inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. RP-HPLC analyses showed that γ-C may be transported to the basolateral side in the in vitro system but not in the pig intestines. γ-C was also able to promote a decrease in glucose uptake in both cells and jejunum independently from the expression of the SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters.
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John A, Raza H. Azadirachtin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced ROS Production, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis by Regulating JNK/Akt and AMPK/mTOR-Dependent Pathways in Rin-5F Pancreatic Beta Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121943. [PMID: 34944759 PMCID: PMC8698279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic inflammation and the resulting cellular responses have been implicated in pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. Inflammatory responses due to the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), have been demonstrated to alter cellular metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in different cell populations, and hence increases the risks for organ toxicity including cancer. The exact molecular mechanism is however not clear. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of an antioxidant, azadirachtin (AZD), a limonoid extracted from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), against LPS-induced oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cell line, Rin-5F. We demonstrated that cells treated with LPS (1 µg/mL for 24 h) showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our results also showed that LPS induced alterations in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, suppressing autophagy and augmenting apoptosis. Treatment with Azadirachtin (25 µM for 24 h), on the other hand, rendered some degree of protection to the pancreatic cells from apoptosis by inducing the autophagy signals required for cell survival. These results may have significance in elucidating the mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell survival and death by balancing the molecular communication between autophagy and apoptosis under inflammatory and pathological conditions.
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Zepeda-Peña AC, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Domínguez-Rosales JA, García-López PM, Pizano-Andrade JC, Hernández-Nazará ZH, Vargas-Guerrero B. Effect of Lupinus rotundiflorus gamma conglutin treatment on JNK1 gene expression and protein activation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:374-380. [PMID: 33784492 PMCID: PMC8018548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gamma conglutin (Cγ) from lupine species represents a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its hypoglycaemic effect. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Cγ from Lupinus rotundiflorus M. E. Jones (Fabaceae) modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and activation in a T2DM rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma conglutin isolated from L. rotundiflorus seeds was characterized by SDS-PAGE. Fifteen Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced T2DM (HG) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): vehicle administration (HG-Ctrl), oral treatment with Cγ (120 mg/kg/day) (HG-Lr) for one week, and treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/day) (HG-Met); a healthy group (Ctrl, n = 5) was included as control. The levels of glucose and biomarkers of renal and hepatic function were measured pre- and post-treatment. Hepatic Jnk1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with either Cγ or metformin reduced serum glucose level to 86.30 and 74.80 mg/dL, respectively (p ˂ 0.05), from the basal levels. Jnk1 expression was 0.65- and 0.54-fold lower (p ˂ 0.05) in the HG-Lr and HG-Met groups, respectively, than in HG-Ctrl. Treatment with Cγ decreased JNK1 phosphorylation. However, Cγ did not change the levels of kidney and liver biomarkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cγ from L. rotundiflorus inhibited Jnk1 expression, in vivo, suggesting JNK1 as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and revealing one mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of lupine Cγ. Nevertheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catalina Zepeda-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pedro Macedonio García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pizano-Andrade
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazará
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Czubinski J, Dwiecki K. Heat-induced changes in lupin seed γ-conglutin structure promote its interaction with model phospholipid membranes. Food Chem 2021; 374:131533. [PMID: 34862076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of scientific data indicate that γ-conglutin can be internalised by different human cells and undergoes secretion from the seed in response to high temperature. In both of these cases, the protein must interact in some manner with biological membranes, however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. Herein, we found that the remarkable change of total surface hydrophobicity after appropriate heat treatment of γ-conglutin monomer led to its interaction with model membranes (liposomes). Before the interaction, the protein undergoes an intriguing thermal unfolding pattern which was studied based on a spectroscopic approach. Insight into the interaction mechanism with liposomes was possible thanks to applying two molecular probes that were differentially localised in the lipid bilayer. The results show that the thermal rearranged γ-coglutin monomer affects hydrocarbon chains in model membranes leading to their morphology change and disruption. The main driving force of this phenomenon is based on hydrophobic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Czubinski
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Dwiecki
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Meena S, Kanthaliya B, Joshi A, Khan F, Arora J. Biologia futura: medicinal plants-derived bioactive peptides in functional perspective-a review. Biol Futur 2021; 71:195-208. [PMID: 34554518 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are 3-20 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight lower than 6 kDa; originated from the breakdown of proteins by endogenous and exogenous peptidases. While intact in protein these peptides do not exert any biological activity, but as they release from their parent protein, they exert various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory. Such peptides exist in all living organism like plants, animals, marine organism and also present in food products derived from them. BPs obtained from dairy food products, cereals, vegetables have been gaining much more importance now-a-days, but little work has been done on bioactive peptides obtained from medicinal plants. Some of the medicinal plants such as Tinospora cordifolia Sterculia foetida, Benincasa hispida, Parkia speciosa, Linum usitatissimum, Salvia hispanica and Ziziphus jujube have been explored for bioactive peptides. Current review is aimed to provide a complete information of medicinal plants derived BPs along with the surge of new materials, new plants which will provide more solutions for handling some of the major human health problems of twenty-first century. This review will also be helpful to researchers in providing valuable information about the extraction, separation, characterization of BPs, their known peptide sequences and various pharmacological activities exerted by medicinal plants-derived bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Meena
- Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Bhanupriya Kanthaliya
- Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Farhana Khan
- Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Obeme-Nmom JI, Agboinghale PE, Aguchem RN, Nechi RN, Lammi C. Lupin-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Intestinal Transport, Bioavailability and Health Benefits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093266. [PMID: 34579144 PMCID: PMC8469740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a renewed interest on the reliance of food-based bioactive compounds as sources of nutritive factors and health-beneficial chemical compounds. Among these food components, several proteins from foods have been shown to promote health and wellness as seen in proteins such as α/γ-conglutins from the seeds of Lupinus species (Lupin), a genus of leguminous plant that are widely used in traditional medicine for treating chronic diseases. Lupin-derived peptides (LDPs) are increasingly being explored and they have been shown to possess multifunctional health improving properties. This paper discusses the intestinal transport, bioavailability and biological activities of LDPs, focusing on molecular mechanisms of action as reported in in vitro, cell culture, animal and human studies. The potentials of several LDPs to demonstrate multitarget mechanism of regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, chemo- and osteoprotective properties, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities position LDPs as good candidates for nutraceutical development for the prevention and management of medical conditions whose etiology are multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Joseph C. Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Emmanuel C. Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Joy I. Obeme-Nmom
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria;
| | | | - Rita N. Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Regina N. Nechi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.L.)
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Lupin γ-conglutin protects against cell death induced by oxidative stress and lipotoxicity, but transiently inhibits in vitro insulin secretion by increasing K ATP channel currents. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:76-90. [PMID: 34280449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupin γ-conglutin beneficially modulates glycemia, but whether it protects against oxidative and lipotoxic damage remains unknown. Here, we studied the effects of γ-conglutin on cell death provoked by hydrogen peroxide and palmitate in HepG2 hepatocytes and insulin-producing MIN6 cells, and if a modulation of mitochondrial potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was involved. We also investigated how γ-conglutin influences insulin secretion and electrical activity of β-cells. The increased apoptosis of HepG2 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide was prevented by γ-conglutin, and the viability and ROS content in γ-conglutin-treated cells was similar to that of non-exposed cells. Additionally, γ-conglutin partially protected MIN6 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced death. This was associated with a marked reduction in ROS. No significant changes were found in the mitochondrial potential of γ-conglutin-treated cells. Besides, we observed a partial protection against lipotoxicity only in hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, we found a transient inhibition of insulin secretion, plasma membrane hyperpolarization, and higher KATP channel currents in β-cells treated with γ-conglutin. Our data show that γ-conglutin protects against cell death induced by oxidative stress or lipotoxicity by decreasing ROS and might also indicate that γ-conglutin promotes a β-cell rest, which could be useful for preventing β-cell exhaustion in chronic hyperglycemia.
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Radioprotective Effects of Allium jesdianum Extract on Reduction of Pancrease Damages Following γ-Radiation through Down-regulation of Apoptotic Genes, Antioxidants Regulation, and Suppression of Inflammatory Markers. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allium jesdianum (AJ), as a plant in onion category, has antioxidant features. Moreover, γ-ray potentially generates oxidative stress in living organisms. Objectives: In this study, the probable therapeutic effects of AJ on destruction of pancreas tissue following γ-ray were evaluated. Methods: Sixty-four mature NMRI mice (8 animals in each group) were assigned to eight groups as follows: (1) Control; (2) γ-ray (dose rate of 1 Gy/min); (3-5) AJ extract (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg); and (6-8) AJ + γ-ray. AJ extract was prepared, and all administrations were applied orally for 70 consecutive days. Antioxidant parameters (nitrite oxide, peroxidation, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), the expression of apoptotic genes (p53 and Bax, by quantitative real-time PCR), and blood concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined biochemically and genetically. Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA technique. The number and diameter of Langerhan islets were also studied histologically. Results: In this study, γ-ray increased the levels of all parameters significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were reduced) in the γ-ray group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the γ-ray and AJ + γ-ray groups, all factors were reduced significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were increased) compared to the γ-ray group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Administration of AJ extract can decrease the damage and radiosensitization in pancreatic cells induced by γ-ray.
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Capraro J, Benedetti SD, Heinzl GC, Scarafoni A, Magni C. Bioactivities of Pseudocereal Fractionated Seed Proteins and Derived Peptides Relevant for Maintaining Human Well-Being. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3543. [PMID: 33805525 PMCID: PMC8036814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food proteins and peptides are able to exert a variety of well-known bioactivities, some of which are related to well-being and disease prevention in humans and animals. Currently, an active trend in research focuses on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, delineating their major pathogenetic role in age-related diseases and in some forms of cancer. The present study aims to investigate the potential effects of pseudocereal proteins and their derived peptides on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. After purification and attribution to protein classes according to classic Osborne's classification, the immune-modulating, antioxidant, and trypsin inhibitor activities of proteins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds have been assessed in vitro. The peptides generated by simulated gastro-intestinal digestion of each fraction have been also investigated for the selected bioactivities. None of the proteins or peptides elicited inflammation in Caco-2 cells; furthermore, all protein fractions showed different degrees of protection of cells from IL-1β-induced inflammation. Immune-modulating and antioxidant activities were, in general, higher for the albumin fraction. Overall, seed proteins can express these bioactivities mainly after hydrolysis. On the contrary, higher trypsin inhibitor activity was expressed by globulins in their intact form. These findings lay the foundations for the exploitation of these pseudocereal seeds as source of anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano De Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuditta Carlotta Heinzl
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Magni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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To Be or Not to Be… An Antioxidant? That Is the Question. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121234. [PMID: 33291380 PMCID: PMC7762054 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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