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Ponomareva N, Brezgin S, Karandashov I, Kostyusheva A, Demina P, Slatinskaya O, Bayurova E, Silachev D, Pokrovsky VS, Gegechkori V, Khaydukov E, Maksimov G, Frolova A, Gordeychuk I, Zamyatnin Jr. AA, Chulanov V, Parodi A, Kostyushev D. Swelling, Rupture and Endosomal Escape of Biological Nanoparticles Per Se and Those Fused with Liposomes in Acidic Environment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:667. [PMID: 38794330 PMCID: PMC11126099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles (NPs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs) and nanoghosts (NGs), are perspective non-viral delivery vehicles for all types of therapeutic cargo. Biological NPs are renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility and safety, alongside their ease of functionalization, but a significant challenge arises when attempting to load therapeutic payloads, such as nucleic acids (NAs). One effective strategy involves fusing biological NPs with liposomes loaded with NAs, resulting in hybrid carriers that offer the benefits of both biological NPs and the capacity for high cargo loads. Despite their unique parameters, one of the major issues of virtually any nanoformulation is the ability to escape degradation in the compartment of endosomes and lysosomes which determines the overall efficiency of nanotherapeutics. In this study, we fabricated all major types of biological and hybrid NPs and studied their response to the acidic environment observed in the endolysosomal compartment. In this study, we show that EMNVs display increased protonation and swelling relative to EVs and NGs in an acidic environment. Furthermore, the hybrid NPs exhibit an even greater response compared to EMNVs. Short-term incubation of EMNVs in acidic pH corresponding to late endosomes and lysosomes again induces protonation and swelling, whereas hybrid NPs are ruptured, resulting in the decline in their quantities. Our findings demonstrate that in an acidic environment, there is enhanced rupture and release of vesicular cargo observed in hybrid EMNVs that are fused with liposomes compared to EMNVs alone. This was confirmed through PAGE electrophoresis analysis of mCherry protein loaded into nanoparticles. In vitro analysis of NPs colocalization with lysosomes in HepG2 cells demonstrated that EMNVs mostly avoid the endolysosomal compartment, whereas hybrid NPs escape it over time. To conclude, (1) hybrid biological NPs fused with liposomes appear more efficient in the endolysosomal escape via the mechanism of proton sponge-associated scavenging of protons by NPs, influx of counterions and water, and rupture of endo/lysosomes, but (2) EMNVs are much more efficient than hybrid NPs in actually avoiding the endolysosomal compartment in human cells. These results reveal biochemical differences across four major types of biological and hybrid NPs and indicate that EMNVs are more efficient in escaping or avoiding the endolysosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ponomareva
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Ivan Karandashov
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Polina Demina
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Malaya Pirogovskaya St. 1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (P.D.); (E.K.)
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Denis Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Khaydukov
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Malaya Pirogovskaya St. 1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (P.D.); (E.K.)
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Anastasia Frolova
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin Jr.
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (A.K.); (V.C.); (D.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.Z.J.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Krishnan I, Chan AML, Law JX, Ng MH, Jayapalan JJ, Lokanathan Y. Proteomic Analysis of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5340. [PMID: 38791378 PMCID: PMC11121203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous challenges remain within conventional cell-based therapy despite the growing trend of stem cells used to treat various life-debilitating diseases. These limitations include batch-to-batch heterogeneity, induced alloreactivity, cell survival and integration, poor scalability, and high cost of treatment, thus hindering successful translation from lab to bedside. However, recent pioneering technology has enabled the isolation and enrichment of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), canonically known as exosomes. EVs are described as a membrane-enclosed cargo of functional biomolecules not limited to lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins. Interestingly, studies have correlated the biological role of MSC-EVs to the paracrine activity of MSCs. This key evidence has led to rigorous studies on MSC-EVs as an acellular alternative. Using EVs as a therapy was proposed as a model leading to improvements through increased safety; enhanced bioavailability due to size and permeability; reduced heterogeneity by selective and quantifiable properties; and prolonged shelf-life via long-term freezing or lyophilization. Yet, the identity and potency of EVs are still relatively unknown due to various methods of preparation and to qualify the final product. This is reflected by the absence of regulatory strategies overseeing manufacturing, quality control, clinical implementation, and product registration. In this review, the authors review the various production processes and the proteomic profile of MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illayaraja Krishnan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | | | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Trigo CM, Rodrigues JS, Camões SP, Solá S, Miranda JP. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00181-4. [PMID: 38729561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context of MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that the main mechanism for the regenerative potential of MSCs is not their differentiation, with in vivo data revealing transient and low engraftment rates. Instead, MSCs therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering a more attractive and innovative approach due to the effectiveness and safety of a cell-free product. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of MSC-derived secretome in regenerative medicine with particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, and neurological diseases. Both free and vesicular factors of MSC secretome will be detailed. We will also address novel potential strategies capable of improving their healing potential, namely by delivering important regenerative molecules according to specific diseases and tissue needs, as well as non-clinical and clinical studies that allow us to dissect their mechanisms of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC-derived secretome includes both soluble and non-soluble factors, organized in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending on the cell origin, the characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSC secretome is deeply influenced by external stimuli, highlighting the possibility of optimizing their characteristics through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, the clarity around their mechanisms of action remains ambiguous, whereas the need for standardized procedures for the successful translation of those products to the clinics urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Trigo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ahmed SH, AlMoslemany MA, Witwer KW, Tehamy AG, El-Badri N. Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunomodulatory Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:900-930. [PMID: 38393666 PMCID: PMC11087360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic with elevated infectivity even from asymptomatic patients. Complications can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are the main contributors to death. Because of their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are perceived as promising therapies against severe pulmonary conditions, including those associated with COVID-19. Herein, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell EVs in treating COVID-19 and complicating pneumonia, acute lung injury, and ARDS. We also cover relevant preclinical studies to recapitulate the current progress in stem cell EV-based therapy. METHODS Using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science, we searched for all English-language published studies (2000-2023) that used stem cell EVs as a therapy for COVID-19, ARDS, or pneumonia. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed for all studies. RESULTS Forty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Various-sized EVs derived from different types of stem cells were reported as a potentially safe and effective therapy to attenuate the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. EVs alleviated inflammation and regenerated the alveolar epithelium by decreasing apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and M2 macrophage polarization. They also prevented fibrin production and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell junction proteins. CONCLUSION Similar to their parental cells, stem cell EVs mediate lung tissue regeneration by targeting multiple pathways and thus hold promise in promoting the recovery of COVID-19 patients and improving the survival rate of severely affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamdy Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef AlMoslemany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Kenneth Whitaker Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Gamal Tehamy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt.
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Shi L, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Zhang J, Chen K, Liu S, Chen P, Jiang H, Liu J, Wu Y. Advancing Tissue Damage Repair in Geriatric Diseases: Prospects of Combining Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with Hydrogels. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3773-3804. [PMID: 38708181 PMCID: PMC11068057 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Geriatric diseases are a group of diseases with unique characteristics related to senility. With the rising trend of global aging, senile diseases now mainly include endocrine, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, skeletal, and muscular diseases and cancer. Compared with younger populations, the structure and function of various cells, tissues and organs in the body of the elderly undergo a decline as they age, rendering them more susceptible to external factors and diseases, leading to serious tissue damage. Tissue damage presents a significant obstacle to the overall health and well-being of older adults, exerting a profound impact on their quality of life. Moreover, this phenomenon places an immense burden on families, society, and the healthcare system.In recent years, stem cell-derived exosomes have become a hot topic in tissue repair research. The combination of these exosomes with biomaterials allows for the preservation of their biological activity, leading to a significant improvement in their therapeutic efficacy. Among the numerous biomaterial options available, hydrogels stand out as promising candidates for loading exosomes, owing to their exceptional properties. Due to the lack of a comprehensive review on the subject matter, this review comprehensively summarizes the application and progress of combining stem cell-derived exosomes and hydrogels in promoting tissue damage repair in geriatric diseases. In addition, the challenges encountered in the field and potential prospects are presented for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shi
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Zhou
- The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Quzhou Hospital, Quzhou, 324004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
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Shahi S, Kang T, Fonseka P. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology: A Prudent Target That Requires Careful Consideration. Cells 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 38727289 PMCID: PMC11083420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells to perform multitudes of biological functions. Owing to their significant implications in diseases, the pathophysiological role of EVs continues to be extensively studied, leading research to neglect the need to explore their role in normal physiology. Despite this, many identified physiological functions of EVs, including, but not limited to, tissue repair, early development and aging, are attributed to their modulatory role in various signaling pathways via intercellular communication. EVs are widely perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy for better prognosis, primarily through utilization as a mode of delivery vehicle. Moreover, disease-associated EVs serve as candidates for the targeted inhibition by pharmacological or genetic means. However, these attempts are often accompanied by major challenges, such as off-target effects, which may result in adverse phenotypes. This renders the clinical efficacy of EVs elusive, indicating that further understanding of the specific role of EVs in physiology may enhance their utility. This review highlights the essential role of EVs in maintaining cellular homeostasis under different physiological settings, and also discusses the various aspects that may potentially hinder the robust utility of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.S.); (T.K.)
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Chen Z, Zhou T, Luo H, Wang Z, Wang Q, Shi R, Li Z, Pang R, Tan H. HWJMSC-EVs promote cartilage regeneration and repair via the ITGB1/TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis mediated by microfractures. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:177. [PMID: 38609995 PMCID: PMC11015550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current first-line treatment for repairing cartilage defects in clinical practice is the creation of microfractures (MF) to stimulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this method has many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to verify whether MSC-EVs promote cartilage damage repair mediated by MFs and to explore the repair mechanisms. In vitro experiments showed that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSC-EVs (hWJMSC-EVs) promoted the vitality of chondrocytes and the proliferation and differentiation ability of bone marrow-derived MSCs. This was mainly because hWJMSC-EVs carry integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), and cartilage and bone marrow-derived MSCs overexpress ITGB1 after absorbing EVs, thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/Smad2/3 axis. In a rabbit knee joint model of osteochondral defect repair, the injection of different concentrations of hWJMSC-EVs into the joint cavity showed that a concentration of 50 µg/ml significantly improved the formation of transparent cartilage after MF surgery. Extraction of regenerated cartilage revealed that the changes in ITGB1, transforming growth factor-β, and Smad2/3 were directly proportional to the repair of regenerated cartilage. In summary, this study showed that hWJMSC-EVs promoted cartilage repair after MF surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongmao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zian Li
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongqing Pang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongbo Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Goryunov K, Ivanov M, Kulikov A, Shevtsova Y, Burov A, Podurovskaya Y, Zubkov V, Degtyarev D, Sukhikh G, Silachev D. A Review of the Use of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases: Current State and Problems with Translation to the Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2879. [PMID: 38474125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal disorders, particularly those resulting from prematurity, pose a major challenge in health care and have a significant impact on infant mortality and long-term child health. The limitations of current therapeutic strategies emphasize the need for innovative treatments. New cell-free technologies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a compelling opportunity for neonatal therapy by harnessing the inherent regenerative capabilities of EVs. These nanoscale particles, secreted by a variety of organisms including animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, contain a repertoire of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic effects of EVs and mechanistic insights into EVs from stem cells, biological fluids and non-animal sources, with a focus on common neonatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This review summarizes evidence for the therapeutic potential of EVs, analyzes evidence of their mechanisms of action and discusses the challenges associated with the implementation of EV-based therapies in neonatal clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey Kulikov
- Medical Institute, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Artem Burov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Podurovskaya
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Victor Zubkov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Dmitry Degtyarev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Denis Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Hoang VT, Le DS, Hoang DM, Phan TTK, Ngo LAT, Nguyen TK, Bui VA, Nguyen Thanh L. Impact of tissue factor expression and administration routes on thrombosis development induced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cell infusions: re-evaluating the dogma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:56. [PMID: 38414067 PMCID: PMC10900728 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactive coagulation might cause dangerous complications such as portal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, has been suggested as a predictor of this process. METHODS The expression of TF and other pro- and anticoagulant genes was analyzed in xeno- and serum-free manufactured MSCs. Furthermore, culture factors affecting its expression in MSCs were investigated. Finally, coagulation tests of fibrinogen, D-dimer, aPPTs, PTs, and TTs were measured in patient serum after umbilical cord (UC)-MSC infusions to challenge a potential connection between TF expression and MSC-induced coagulant activity. RESULTS: Xeno- and serum-free cultured adipose tissue and UC-derived MSCs expressed the highest level of TF, followed by those from dental pulp, and the lowest expression was observed in MSCs of bone marrow origin. Environmental factors such as cell density, hypoxia, and inflammation impact TF expression, so in vitro analysis might fail to reflect their in vivo behaviors. MSCs also expressed heterogeneous levels of the coagulant factor COL1A1 and surface phosphatidylserine and anticoagulant factors TFPI and PTGIR. MSCs of diverse origins induced fibrin clots in healthy plasma that were partially suppressed by an anti-TF inhibitory monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited coagulant activity in vitro despite their negative expression of TF and COL1A1. Patients receiving intravenous UC-MSC infusion exhibited a transient increase in D-dimer serum concentration, while this remained stable in the group with intrathecal infusion. There was no correlation between TF expression and D-dimer or other coagulation indicators. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that TF cannot be used as a solid biomarker to predict MSC-induced hypercoagulation. Local administration, prophylactic intervention with anticoagulation drugs, and monitoring of coagulation indicators are useful to prevent thrombogenic events in patients receiving MSCs. Trial registration NCT05292625. Registered March 23, 2022, retrospectively registered, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05292625?term=NCT05292625&draw=2&rank=1 . NCT04919135. Registered June 9, 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT04919135?term=NCT04919135&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Duc Son Le
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Kieu Phan
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan Anh Thi Ngo
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Center of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Viet Anh Bui
- Center of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Liem Nguyen Thanh
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
- Vinmec International Hospital - Times City, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 11622, Vietnam.
- College of Health Science, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 1310, Vietnam.
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10
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Chanda D, Del Rivero T, Ghimire R, More S, Mitrani MI, Bellio MA, Channappanavar R. Acellular Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:273. [PMID: 38400048 PMCID: PMC10892347 DOI: 10.3390/v16020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal pneumonia. Excessive inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the key driver of ARDS and lethal disease. Several FDA-approved drugs that suppress virus replication are in clinical use. However, despite strong evidence for the role of virus-induced inflammation in severe COVID-19, no effective anti-inflammatory drug is available to control fatal inflammation as well as efficiently clear the virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify biologically derived immunomodulators that suppress inflammation and promote antiviral immunity. In this study, we evaluated acellular human amniotic fluid (acAF) containing extracellular vesicles (hAF-EVs) as a potential non-toxic and safe biologic for immunomodulation during COVID-19. Our in vitro results showed that acAF significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine production in TLR2/4/7 and SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-stimulated mouse macrophages. Importantly, an intraperitoneal administration of acAF reduced morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. A detailed examination of SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs revealed that the increased protection in acAF-treated mice was associated with reduced viral titers and levels of inflammatory myeloid cell infiltration. Collectively, our results identify a novel biologic that has potential to suppress excessive inflammation and enhance survival following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the translational potential of acAF against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chanda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Tania Del Rivero
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Roshan Ghimire
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Ines Mitrani
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Michael A. Bellio
- Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (T.D.R.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Rudragouda Channappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.C.); (R.G.); (S.M.)
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11
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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12
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Andalib E, Kashfi M, Mahmoudvand G, Rezaei E, Mahjoor M, Torki A, Afkhami H. Application of hypoxia-mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of anaerobic bacterial wound infection: wound healing and infection recovery. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251956. [PMID: 37869672 PMCID: PMC10586055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells, commonly referred to as MSCs, are a type of multipotent stem cells that are typically extracted from adipose tissue and bone marrow. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, MSCs and their exosomes have emerged as revolutionary tools. Researchers are now devoting greater attention to MSCs because of their ability to generate skin cells like fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as their distinctive potential to decrease inflammation and emit pro-angiogenic molecules at the site of wounds. More recent investigations revealed that MSCs can exert numerous direct and indirect antimicrobial effects that are immunologically mediated. Collectively, these antimicrobial properties can remove bacterial infections when the MSCs are delivered in a therapeutic setting. Regardless of the positive therapeutic potential of MSCs for a multitude of conditions, transplanted MSC cell retention continues to be a major challenge. Since MSCs are typically administered into naturally hypoxic tissues, understanding the impact of hypoxia on the functioning of MSCs is crucial. Hypoxia has been postulated to be among the factors determining the differentiation of MSCs, resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines throughout the process of tissue regeneration and wound repair. This has opened new horizons in developing MSC-based systems as a potent therapeutic tool in oxygen-deprived regions, including anaerobic wound infection sites. This review sheds light on the role of hypoxia-MSCs in the treatment of anaerobic bacterial wound infection in terms of both their regenerative and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Andalib
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kashfi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahjoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Torki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Ding JY, Chen MJ, Wu LF, Shu GF, Fang SJ, Li ZY, Chu XR, Li XK, Wang ZG, Ji JS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in skin wound healing: roles, opportunities and challenges. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:36. [PMID: 37587531 PMCID: PMC10433599 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due to trauma, tearing, cuts, or contusions. As such injuries are common to all human groups, they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic burden. Currently, increasing numbers of studies have focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in skin wound repair. As a cell-free therapy, MSC-derived EVs have shown significant application potential in the field of wound repair as a more stable and safer option than conventional cell therapy. Treatment based on MSC-derived EVs can significantly promote the repair of damaged substructures, including the regeneration of vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can inhibit scar formation by affecting angiogenesis-related and antifibrotic pathways in promoting macrophage polarization, wound angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell migration, and by inhibiting excessive extracellular matrix production. Additionally, these structures can serve as a scaffold for components used in wound repair, and they can be developed into bioengineered EVs to support trauma repair. Through the formulation of standardized culture, isolation, purification, and drug delivery strategies, exploration of the detailed mechanism of EVs will allow them to be used as clinical treatments for wound repair. In conclusion, MSC-derived EVs-based therapies have important application prospects in wound repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of their current status, application potential, and associated drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Feng Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Ji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- Department of Overseas Education College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xu-Ran Chu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medicine II, Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine V, Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhou-Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 323000, Lishui, China.
- Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Du S, Guan Y, Xie A, Yan Z, Gao S, Li W, Rao L, Chen X, Chen T. Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37475025 PMCID: PMC10360328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood-brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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15
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Shu F, Lu J, Zhang W, Huang H, Lin J, Jiang L, Liu W, Liu T, Xiao S, Zheng Y, Xia Z. JAM-A Overexpression in Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerated the Angiogenesis of Diabetic Wound By Enhancing Both Paracrine Function and Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1554-1575. [PMID: 37060532 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is promising in promoting wound healing mainly due to their paracrine function. Nonetheless, the transplanted MSCs presented poor survival with cell dysfunction and paracrine problem in diabetic environment, thus limiting their therapeutic efficacy and clinical application. JAM-A, an adhesion molecule, has been reported to play multi-functional roles in diverse cells. We therefore investigated the potential effect of JAM-A on MSCs under diabetic environment and explored the underlying mechanism. Indeed, high-glucose condition inhibited MSCs viability and JAM-A expression. However, JAM-A abnormality was rescued by lentivirus transfection and JAM-A overexpression promoted MSCs proliferation, migration and adhesion under hyperglycemia. Moreover, JAM-A overexpression attenuated high-glucose-induced ROS production and MSCs apoptosis. The bio-effects of JAM-A on MSCs under hyperglycemia were confirmed by RNA-seq with enrichment analyses. Moreover, Luminex chip results showed JAM-A overexpression dramatically upregulated PDGF-BB and VEGF in the supernatant of MSCs, which was verified by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The supernatant was further found to facilitate HUVECs proliferation, migration and angiogenesis under hyperglycemia. In vivo experiments revealed JAM-A overexpression significantly enhanced MSCs survival, promoted wound angiogenesis, and thus accelerated diabetic wound closure, partially by enhancing PDGF-BB and VEGF expression. This study firstly demonstrated that JAM-A expression of MSCs was inhibited upon high-glucose stimulation. JAM-A overexpression alleviated high-glucose-induced MSCs dysfunction, enhanced their anti-oxidative capability, protected MSCs from hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and improved their survival, thus strengthening MSCs paracrine function to promote angiogenesis and significantly accelerating diabetic wound healing, which offers a promising strategy to maximize MSCs-based therapy in diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futing Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiezhi Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Luofeng Jiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhang Liu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Doshi A, Erickson P, Teryek M, Parekkadan B. Dynamics of Ex Vivo Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Potency under Continuous Perfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119602. [PMID: 37298556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a candidate for cell immunotherapy due to potent immunomodulatory activity found in their secretome. Though studies on their secreted substances have been reported, the time dynamics of MSC potency remain unclear. Herein, we report on the dynamics of MSC secretome potency in an ex vivo hollow fiber bioreactor using a continuous perfusion cell culture system that fractionated MSC-secreted factors over time. Time-resolved fractions of MSC-conditioned media were evaluated for potency by incubation with activated immune cells. Three studies were designed to characterize MSC potency under: (1) basal conditions, (2) in situ activation, and (3) pre-licensing. Results indicate that the MSC secretome is most potent in suppressing lymphocyte proliferation during the first 24 h and is further stabilized when MSCs are prelicensed with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-1β. The evaluation of temporal cell potency using this integrated bioreactor system can be useful in informing strategies to maximize MSC potency, minimize side effects, and allow greater control for the duration of ex vivo administration approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Doshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Patrick Erickson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Matthew Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Salimi L, Seyedaghamiri F, Karimipour M, Mobarak H, Mardi N, Taghavi M, Rahbarghazi R. Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:118. [PMID: 37208741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface with multicellular structure controls strictly the entry of varied circulating macromolecules from the blood-facing surface into the brain parenchyma. Under several pathological conditions within the central nervous system, the integrity of the BBB interface is disrupted due to the abnormal crosstalk between the cellular constituents and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with diverse therapeutic outcomes. These particles transfer a plethora of signaling molecules with the potential to modulate target cell behavior in a paracrine manner. Here, in the current review article, the therapeutic properties of Exos and their potential in the alleviation of compromised BBB structure were discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salimi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Li J, Huang Y, Sun H, Yang L. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of age-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181308. [PMID: 37275920 PMCID: PMC10232739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from multiple tissues have the capability of multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal. Many reports indicated that MSCs exert curative effects on a variety of age-related diseases through regeneration and repair of aging cells and organs. However, as research has progressed, it has become clear that it is the MSCs derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) that may have a real role to play, and that they can be modified to achieve better therapeutic results, making them even more advantageous than MSCs for treating disease. This review generalizes the biological characteristics of MSCs and exosomes and their mechanisms in treating age-related diseases, for example, MSCs and their exosomes can treat age-related diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress (OS), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, and so on. In addition, current in vivo and in vitro trials are described, and ongoing clinical trials are discussed, as well as the prospects and challenges for the future use of exosomes in disease treatment. This review will provide references for using exosomes to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Su P, Wu Y, Xie F, Zheng Q, Chen L, Liu Z, Meng X, Zhou F, Zhang L. A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206095. [PMID: 37144543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing, and has necessitated scientific efforts in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been crucial in these developments. EVs are a collection of various nanovesicles which are delimited by a lipid bilayer. They are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, and naturally released from different cells. Their natural material transport properties, inherent long-term recycling ability, excellent biocompatibility, editable targeting, and inheritance of parental cell properties make EVs one of the most promising next-generation drug delivery nanocarriers and active biologics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many efforts have been made to exploit the payload of natural EVs for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, strategies that use engineered EVs to manufacture vaccines and neutralization traps have produced excellent efficacy in animal experiments and clinical trials. Here, the recent literature on the application of EVs in COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, damage repair, and prevention is reviewed. And the therapeutic value, application strategies, safety, and biotoxicity in the production and clinical applications of EV agents for COVID-19 treatment, as well as inspiration for using EVs to block and eliminate novel viruses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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20
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Ng SL, Azhar NA, Budin SB, Ibrahim N, Abdul Ghani NA, Abd Ghafar N, Law JX. Effects of Platelet Lysate Gels Derived from Different Blood Sources on Oral Mucosal Wound Healing: An In Vitro Study. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040343. [PMID: 37102955 PMCID: PMC10137921 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid healing of oral ulcers is important to prevent secondary infection, especially for chronic oral ulcers. Platelet lysate (PL) is rich in growth factors for cell growth and promotes tissue regeneration. Hence, this study was performed to compare the effects of PL originating from umbilical cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) on oral mucosal wound healing. The PLs were molded into gel form in the culture insert with the addition of calcium chloride and conditioned medium for sustained release of growth factors. The CB-PL and PB-PL gels were found to degrade slowly in culture and their degradation percentages by weight were 5.28 ± 0.72% and 9.55 ± 1.82% respectively. The results from the scratch assay and Alamar blue assay showed that the CB-PL and PB-PL gels increased the proliferation (148 ± 3% and 149 ± 3%) and wound closure (94.17 ± 1.77% and 92.75 ± 1.80%) of oral mucosal fibroblasts compared to the control with no statistical differences between the two gels, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that mRNA expressions of collagen-I, collagen-III, fibronectin, and elastin genes in cells treated with CB-PL (11-, 7-, 2-, and 7-fold) and PB-PL (17-, 14-, 3-, and 7-fold) decreased compared with the control, respectively. The concentration of platelet-derived growth factor of PB-PL gel (1303.10 ± 343.96 pg/mL) showed a higher trend than CB-PL gel did (905.48 ± 69.65 pg/mL) from ELISA measurement. In summary, CB-PL gel is as effective as PB-PL gel in supporting oral mucosal wound healing, making it a potential new source of PL for regenerative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ain Azhar
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Norliwati Ibrahim
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azurah Abdul Ghani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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21
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Brembilla NC, Modarressi A, André-Lévigne D, Brioudes E, Lanza F, Vuagnat H, Durual S, Marger L, Boehncke WH, Krause KH, Preynat-Seauve O. Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells within a Gelatin Matrix Acquire Enhanced Regenerative and Angiogenic Properties: A Pre-Clinical Study for Application to Chronic Wounds. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030987. [PMID: 36979966 PMCID: PMC10046849 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of a gelatin sponge on adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC). Transcriptomic data revealed that, compared to ASC in a monolayer, a cross-linked porcine gelatin sponge strongly influences the transcriptome of ASC. Wound healing genes were massively regulated, notably with the inflammatory and angiogenic factors. Proteomics on conditioned media showed that gelatin also acted as a concentrator and reservoir of the regenerative ASC secretome. This secretome promoted fibroblast survival and epithelialization, and significantly increased the migration and tubular assembly of endothelial cells within fibronectin. ASC in gelatin on a chick chorioallantoic membrane were more connected to vessels than an empty sponge, confirming an increased angiogenesis in vivo. No tumor formation was observed in immunodeficient nude mice to which an ASC gelatin sponge was transplanted subcutaneously. Finally, ASC in a gelatin sponge prepared from outbred rats accelerated closure and re-vascularization of ischemic wounds in the footpads of rats. In conclusion, we provide here preclinical evidence that a cross-linked porcine gelatin sponge is an optimal carrier to concentrate and increase the regenerative activity of ASC, notably angiogenic. This formulation of ASC represents an optimal, convenient and clinically compliant option for the delivery of ASC on ischemic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Costantino Brembilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Brioudes
- Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Lanza
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Vuagnat
- Program for Wounds and Wound Healing, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurine Marger
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Ratushnyak MG, Zhirnik AS, Smirnova OD, Semochkina YP, Parfenova AA, Goryunov KV, Silachev DN, Moskaleva EY. The Use of Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes to Prevent Late Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:571-577. [PMID: 36894818 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of intranasal administration of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived exosomes on behavior and cognitive functions of mice in the late period after head irradiation in a dose of 8 Gy. The used exosomes had specific markers (CD9+/CD63+, 99.5%; TSG101+, 98.4%) and mean size 105.7±8.8 nm according to dynamic light scattering data and 119.0±12.4 nm according to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Exosome suspension (2×1012 particles/ml according to NTA measurements) was administered intranasally for 4 weeks starting from 48 h after irradiation in a volume of 5 μl/nostril (2×1010 exosomes/mouse). It was shown that intranasal administration of mouse NSC-derived exosomes prevented delayed radiation-induced behavioral changes and recognition memory impairments in mice after head irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ratushnyak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Zhirnik
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Smirnova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu P Semochkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Parfenova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Goryunov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Silachev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Moskaleva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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23
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Buntsma N, van der Pol E, Nieuwland R, Gąsecka A. Extracellular Vesicles in Coronary Artery Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:81-103. [PMID: 37603274 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CAD, evidence gaps remain, including pathogenesis, the most efficient diagnostic strategy, prognosis of individual patients, monitoring of therapy, and novel therapeutic strategies. These gaps could all be filled by developing novel, minimally invasive, blood-based biomarkers. Potentially, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill such gaps. EVs are lipid membrane particles released from cells into blood and other body fluids. Because the concentration, composition, and functions of EVs change during disease, and because all cell types involved in the development and progression of CAD release EVs, currently available guidelines potentially enable reliable and reproducible measurements of EVs in clinical trials, offering a wide range of opportunities. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the associations reported between EVs and CAD, including (1) the role of EVs in CAD pathogenesis, (2) EVs as biomarkers to diagnose CAD, predict prognosis, and monitor therapy in individual patients, and (3) EVs as new therapeutic targets and/or drug delivery vehicles. In addition, we summarize the challenges encountered in EV isolation and detection, and the lack of standardization, which has hampered real clinical applications of EVs. Since most conclusions are based on animal models and single-center studies, the knowledge and insights into the roles and opportunities of EVs as biomarkers in CAD are still changing, and therefore, the content of this chapter should be seen as a snapshot in time rather than a final and complete compendium of knowledge on EVs in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Buntsma
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Chen X, Li H, Song H, Wang J, Zhang X, Han P, Wang X. Meet changes with constancy: Defence, antagonism, recovery, and immunity roles of extracellular vesicles in confronting SARS-CoV-2. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12288. [PMID: 36450704 PMCID: PMC9712136 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has wrought havoc on the world economy and people's daily lives. The inability to comprehensively control COVID-19 is due to the difficulty of early and timely diagnosis, the lack of effective therapeutic drugs, and the limited effectiveness of vaccines. The body contains billions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have shown remarkable potential in disease diagnosis, drug development, and vaccine carriers. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that EVs may participate or assist the body in defence, antagonism, recovery and acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2. On the one hand, intercepting and decrypting the general intelligence carried in circulating EVs from COVID-19 patients will provide an important hint for diagnosis and treatment; on the other hand, engineered EVs modified by gene editing in the laboratory will amplify the effectiveness of inhibiting infection, replication and destruction of ever-mutating SARS-CoV-2, facilitating tissue repair and making a better vaccine. To comprehensively understand the interaction between EVs and SARS-CoV-2, providing new insights to overcome some difficulties in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID-19, we conducted a rounded review in this area. We also explain numerous critical challenges that these tactics face before they enter the clinic, and this work will provide previous 'meet change with constancy' lessons for responding to future similar public health disasters. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a 'meet changes with constancy' strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2 that spans defence, antagonism, recovery, and acquired immunity. Targets for COVID-19 diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of progression may be found by capture of the message decoding in circulating EVs. Engineered and biomimetic EVs can boost effects of the natural EVs, especially anti-SARS-CoV-2, targeted repair of damaged tissue, and improvement of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huifei Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
| | - Haoyue Song
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
| | - Pengcheng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of MedicineZhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologyTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New MaterialsTaiyuanChina
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25
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He Y, Wu Q. The Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Thrombosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events caused by acute thrombosis is high, including acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of extracellular vesicles of different cellular origins in various cardiovascular events associated with acute thrombosis, as described in the current literature, to facilitate the future development of a precise therapy for thrombosis caused by such vesicles. We hope that our review will indicate a new horizon in the field of cardiovascular research with regard to the treatment of acute thrombosis, especially targeting thrombosis caused by extracellular vesicles secreted by individual cells. As more emerging technologies are being developed, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to EVs are expected to be identified for related diseases in the future.
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26
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Development of an In Vitro Model of SARS-CoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury for Studying New Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101910. [PMID: 36290634 PMCID: PMC9598130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of death of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the induced respiratory failure caused by excessive activation of the immune system, the so-called “cytokine storm”, leading to damage to lung tissue. In vitro models reproducing various stages of the disease can be used to explore the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to treating the consequences of a cytokine storm. We have developed an in vitro test system for simulating damage to the pulmonary epithelium as a result of the development of a hyperinflammatory reaction based on the co-cultivation of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cells) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this model, after 24 h of co-cultivation, a sharp decrease in the rate of proliferation of A549 cells associated with the intrinsic development of oxidative stress and, ultimately, with the induction of PANoptotic death were observed. There was a significant increase in the concentration of 40 cytokines/chemokines in a conditioned medium, including TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-1a, which corresponded to the cytokine profile in patients with severe manifestation of COVID-19. In order to verify the model, the analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of well-known substances (dexamethasone, LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), polymyxin B), as well as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was carried out. Dexamethasone and polymyxin B restored the proliferative activity of A549 cells and reduced the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. MSC demonstrated an ambivalent effect through stimulated production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that regenerate lung tissue. LPS-RS and EVs showed no significant effect. The developed test system can be used to study molecular and cellular pathological processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for the correction of hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 patients.
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27
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Guillamat-Prats R. Role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810393. [PMID: 36142297 PMCID: PMC9499599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in disease models in order to control several phases in the response to injuries, immune reaction, wound healing, and regeneration. MSCs can act upon both the innate and adaptive immune systems and target a broad number of functions, such as the secretion of cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and the regulating of cell proliferation and survival. The role of MSCs in coagulation has been less studied. This review evaluates the properties and main functions of MSCs in coagulation. MSCs can regulate coagulation in a wide range of pathways. MSCs express and release tissue factors (TF), one of the key regulators of the extrinsic coagulation pathways; MSCs can trigger platelet production and contribute to platelet activation. Altogether, MSCs seem to have a pro-thrombotic role and their superior characterization prior to their administration is necessary in order to prevent adverse coagulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Lung Immunity Translational Research Group in Respiratory Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08914 Badalona, Spain
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28
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Lamarre Y, Nader E, Connes P, Romana M, Garnier Y. Extracellular Vesicles in Sickle Cell Disease: A Promising Tool. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090439. [PMID: 36134985 PMCID: PMC9495982 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy worldwide. It is characterized by an impairment of shear stress-mediated vasodilation, a pro-coagulant, and a pro-adhesive state orchestrated among others by the depletion of the vasodilator nitric oxide, by the increased phosphatidylserine exposure and tissue factor expression, and by the increased interactions of erythrocytes with endothelial cells that mediate the overexpression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1, respectively. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be novel actors involved in SCD pathophysiological processes. Medium-sized EVs, also called microparticles, which exhibit increased plasma levels in this pathology, were shown to induce the activation of endothelial cells, thereby increasing neutrophil adhesion, a key process potentially leading to the main complication associated with SCD, vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). Small-sized EVs, also named exosomes, which have also been reported to be overrepresented in SCD, were shown to potentiate interactions between erythrocytes and platelets, and to trigger endothelial monolayer disruption, two processes also known to favor the occurrence of VOCs. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge about EVs concentration and role in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lamarre
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Garnier
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +590-590-891530
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29
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Tahyra ASC, Calado RT, Almeida F. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162496. [PMID: 36010572 PMCID: PMC9406571 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a trending topic in recent years; they constitute a new intercellular communication paradigm. Extracellular vesicles are 30–4000 nanometers in diameter particles that are limited by a phospholipid bilayer and contain functional biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are released by virtually all types of eukaryotic cells; through their cargoes, EVs are capable of triggering signaling in recipient cells. In addition to their functions in the homeostatic state, EVs have gained attention because of their roles in pathological contexts, eventually contributing to disease progression. In the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, aside from the scientific race for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions, it is critical to understand the pathological mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, EVs are key players in the main processes of COVID-19. Thus, in this review, we highlight the role of EVs in the establishment of the viral infection and in the procoagulant state, cytokine storm, and immunoregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Seiko Carvalho Tahyra
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T. Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158583. [PMID: 35955732 PMCID: PMC9369448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a serious problem for medicine, with no effective method of treatment at the moment. The most prominent example of this problem is neonatal brachial plexus palsy, which results from the stretching of the brachial plexus nerves in the birth or perinatal period. Multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce are known to have a marked neuroprotective effect in central nervous system injuries. We suggested that the use of MSCs-derived EVs may be an effective approach to the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury. Sciatic nerve injury was modeled in rats via crushing, and then a gel containing MSCs–EVs was applied to the injured area. After 15 and 30 days, a histological, physiological, and functional assessment of nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and innervated muscles’ recovery was performed. Transplantation of EVs to the area of sciatic nerve injury significantly reduced muscle atrophy as compared to the control group. Functional recovery of the innervated muscles, as measured by the extensor postural thrust test, was revealed 30 days after the surgery. We associate the obtained results with EVs-induced neuroprotective mechanisms, which were expressed in a decrease in apoptotic neuronal death and an increase in regeneration-associated proteins NF-200 and GAP-43, as well as in DRG and damaged nerve. We suggest that the therapeutic scheme we used is efficient for the treatment of acute peripheral nervous system injuries and can be transferred to the clinics. However, additional studies are required for a more detailed analysis of neuroprotection mechanisms.
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Zorova LD, Kovalchuk SI, Popkov VA, Chernikov VP, Zharikova AA, Khutornenko AA, Zorov SD, Plokhikh KS, Zinovkin RA, Evtushenko EA, Babenko VA, Pevzner IB, Shevtsova YA, Goryunov KV, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Do Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contain Functional Mitochondria? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137408. [PMID: 35806411 PMCID: PMC9266972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem cells have become an effective complement to the use in cell therapy of stem cells themselves, which has led to an explosion of research into the mechanisms of vesicle formation and their action. There is evidence demonstrating the presence of mitochondrial components in EV, but a definitive conclusion about whether EV contains fully functional mitochondria has not yet been made. In this study, two EV fractions derived from mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) and separated by their size were examined. Flow cytometry revealed the presence of mitochondrial lipid components capable of interacting with mitochondrial dyes MitoTracker Green and 10-nonylacridine orange; however, the EV response to the probe for mitochondrial membrane potential was negative. Detailed analysis revealed components from all mitochondria compartments, including house-keeping mitochondria proteins and DNA as well as energy-related proteins such as membrane-localized proteins of complexes I, IV, and V, and soluble proteins from the Krebs cycle. When assessing the functional activity of mitochondria, high variability in oxygen consumption was noted, which was only partially attributed to mitochondrial respiratory activity. Our findings demonstrate that the EV contain all parts of mitochondria; however, their independent functionality inside EV has not been confirmed, which may be due either to the absence of necessary cofactors and/or the EV formation process and, probably the methodology of obtaining EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Sergei I. Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | | | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Khutornenko
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | | | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | | | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.N.S.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.N.S.); +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.B.Z.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (V.A.P.); (S.D.Z.); (R.A.Z.); (V.A.B.); (I.B.P.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.N.S.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.N.S.); +7-(495)939-59-44 (D.B.Z.)
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Mossell J, Suo Z. Extracellular vesicles: Emerging frontiers in wound healing. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2102-2125. [PMID: 35757979 DOI: 10.1002/med.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter, which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These complex vesicles carry a multitude of signaling moieties from their cell of origin, such as proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, metabolites, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to delivering cargos into target cells to facilitate intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles may also play roles in such processes as cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. As these vesicles have natural biocompatibility, stability in circulation, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity, and serve as efficient carriers of molecular cargos, these nanoparticles are ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine. Exploring and identifying the homeostatic functions of extracellular vesicles may facilitate the development of new regenerative therapies. In this review, we summarize the wound healing process, difficulties in stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, and the applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in improving and accelerating the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - James Mossell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Sarvar DP, Effatpanah H, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Shamsasenjan K. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel approach in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:202. [PMID: 35578300 PMCID: PMC9109321 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. These cells affect the process through direct cell–cell contact, as well as releasing various trophic factors and extracellular vehicles (EVs) into the bone marrow microenvironment. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are prominent intercellular communication tolls enriched with broad-spectrum bioactive factors such as proteins, cytokines, lipids, miRNAs, and siRNAs. They mimic some effects of MSCs by direct fusion with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) membranes in the bone marrow (BM), thereby affecting HSC fate. MSC-EVs are attractive scope in cell-free therapy because of their unique capacity to repair BM tissue and regulate proliferation and differentiation of HSCs. These vesicles modulate the immune system responses and inhibit graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs play an influential role in the BM niches because of their unprecedented capacity to regulate HSC fate. Therefore, the existing paper intends to speculate upon the preconditioned MSC-EVs as a novel approach in HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mello TG, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Vasques JF, Pinhão C, Santos TM, de Lima RR, Foerster BU, Paiva FF, Mendez-Otero R, Pimentel-Coelho PM. Hyperacute transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a model of severe intracerebral hemorrhage. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO793. [PMID: 35369279 PMCID: PMC8965815 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has limited therapeutic options. We have shown that an intravenous injection of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSC) 24 h after an ICH in rats reduced the residual hematoma volume after a moderate hemorrhage but was inefficient in severe ICH. Here, we investigated whether a treatment in the hyperacute phase would be more effective in severe ICH. Materials & methods: Wistar rats were randomly selected to receive an intravenous injection of hUC-MSC or the vehicle 1 h after a severe ICH. Results: The hyperacute treatment with hUC-MSC did not affect the 22-day survival rate, the motor function or the residual hematoma volume. Conclusion: These results indicate the need for optimization of hUC-MSC-based therapies for severe ICH. Hemorrhagic stroke, caused by the leakage of blood from blood vessels to the brain, is a life-threatening condition that reduces the quality of life of a large number of patients worldwide without effective treatments. Here, we induced a severe hemorrhagic stroke in rats to study the effects of a treatment using mesenchymal stromal cells, stem cells obtained from the umbilical cord tissue capable of producing protective molecules for the brain. The treatment; however, did not improve some aspects of the disease, such as the motor ability and the size of the brain lesion, indicating that further studies are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanira Giara Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-614, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Vasques
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pinhão
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tayná Monteiro Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Renata Rodrigues de Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bernd Uwe Foerster
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro Moreno Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Zhou L, Kodidela S, Godse S, Thomas-Gooch S, Kumar A, Raji B, Zhi K, Kochat H, Kumar S. Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Using Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030358. [PMID: 35337155 PMCID: PMC8950604 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and protects the brain from toxic substances present in the circulating blood. However, the impermeability of the BBB to drugs is a hurdle for CNS drug development, which hinders the distribution of the most therapeutic molecules into the brain. Therefore, scientists have been striving to develop safe and effective technologies to advance drug penetration into the CNS with higher targeting properties and lower off-targeting side effects. This review will discuss the limitation of artificial nanomedicine in CNS drug delivery and the use of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs), as therapeutic vehicles to achieve targeted delivery to the CNS. Information on clinical trials regarding CNS targeted drug delivery using EVs is very limited. Thus, this review will also briefly highlight the recent clinical studies on targeted drug delivery in the peripheral nervous system to shed light on potential strategies for CNS drug delivery. Different technologies engaged in pre- and post-isolation have been implemented to further utilize and optimize the natural property of EVs. EVs from various sources have also been applied in the engineering of EVs for CNS targeted drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. Here, the future feasibility of those studies in clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandip Godse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Stacey Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
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Barry M, Trivedi A, Pathipati P, Miyazawa BY, Vivona LR, Togarrati PP, Khakoo M, Tanner H, Norris P, Pati S. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles mitigate vascular permeability and injury in the small intestine and lung in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock and trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:489-498. [PMID: 34882596 PMCID: PMC8866219 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T)-induced gut injury may play a critical role in the development of multi-organ failure. Novel therapies that target gut injury and vascular permeability early after HS/T could have substantial impacts on trauma patients. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) in vivo in HS/T in mice and in vitro in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS In vivo, using a mouse model of HS/T, vascular permeability to a 10-kDa dextran dye and histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lungs were measured among mice. Groups were (1) sham, (2) HS/T + lactated Ringer's (LR), (3) HS/T + MSCs, and (4) HS/T + MSC EVs. In vitro, Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity was evaluated by an epithelial cell impedance assay. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with control media, MSC conditioned media (CM), or MSC EVs, then challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). RESULTS In vivo, both MSCs and MSC EVs significantly reduced vascular permeability in the small intestine (fluorescence units: sham, 456 ± 88; LR, 1067 ± 295; MSC, 765 ± 258; MSC EV, 715 ± 200) and lung (sham, 297 ± 155; LR, 791 ± 331; MSC, 331 ± 172; MSC EV, 303 ± 88). Histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lung was also attenuated by MSCs and MSC EVs. In vitro, MSC CM but not MSC EVs attenuated the increased permeability among Caco-2 cell monolayers challenged with H2O2. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cell EVs recapitulate the effects of MSCs in reducing vascular permeability and injury in the small intestine and lungs in vivo, suggesting MSC EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy targeting multi-organ dysfunction in HS/T. This is the first study to demonstrate that MSC EVs improve both gut and lung injury in an animal model of HS/T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barry
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Surgery. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alpa Trivedi
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Byron Y. Miyazawa
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lindsay R. Vivona
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Manisha Khakoo
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Heather Tanner
- Vitalant Research Institute. 270 Masonic Ave. San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Philip Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute. 270 Masonic Ave. San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Shibani Pati
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
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Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles with High Therapeutic Potential: Their Applications in Oncology, Neurology, and Dermatology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041303. [PMID: 35209095 PMCID: PMC8879284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until thirty years ago, it was believed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) were used to remove unnecessary compounds from the cell. Today, we know about their enormous potential in diagnosing and treating various diseases. EVs are essential mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of bioactive molecules from one cell to another. Compared to laboratory-created drug nanocarriers, they are stable in physiological conditions. Furthermore, they are less immunogenic and cytotoxic compared to polymerized vectors. Finally, EVs can transfer cargo to particular cells due to their membrane proteins and lipids, which can implement them to specific receptors in the target cells. Recently, new strategies to produce ad hoc exosomes have been devised. Cells delivering exosomes have been genetically engineered to overexpress particular macromolecules, or transformed to release exosomes with appropriate targeting molecules. In this way, we can say tailor-made therapeutic EVs are created. Nevertheless, there are significant difficulties to solve during the application of EVs as drug-delivery agents in the clinic. This review explores the diversity of EVs and the potential therapeutic options for exosomes as natural drug-delivery vehicles in oncology, neurology, and dermatology. It also reflects future challenges in clinical translation.
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Golchin A, Shams F, Basiri A, Ranjbarvan P, Kiani S, Sarkhosh-Inanlou R, Ardeshirylajimi A, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Sadigh S, Rasmi Y. Combination Therapy of Stem Cell-derived Exosomes and Biomaterials in the Wound Healing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1892-1911. [PMID: 35080745 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a serious obstacle due to the complexity of evaluation and management. While novel approaches to promoting chronic wound healing are of critical interest at the moment, several studies have demonstrated that combination therapy is critical for the treatment of a variety of diseases, particularly chronic wounds. Among the various approaches that have been proposed for wound care, regenerative medicine-based methods have garnered the most attention. As is well known, regenerative medicine's three primary tools are gene/cell therapy, biomaterials, and tissue engineering. Multifunctional biomaterials composed of synthetic and natural components are highly advantageous for exosome carriers, which utilizing them is an exciting wound healing method. Recently, stem cell-secreted exosomes and certain biomaterials have been identified as critical components of the wound healing process, and their combination therapy appears to produce significant results. This paper presents a review of literature and perspectives on the use of stem cell-derived exosomes and biomaterials in wound healing, particularly chronic wounds, and discusses the possibility of future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arefeh Basiri
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kiani
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Roya Sarkhosh-Inanlou
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sanaz Sadigh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Hosseini NF, Dalirfardouei R, Aliramaei MR, Najafi R. Stem cells or their exosomes: which is preferred in COVID-19 treatment? Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:159-177. [PMID: 35043287 PMCID: PMC8765836 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It only took 8 months for the pneumonia caused by a previously unknown coronavirus to turn into a global pandemic of unprecedentedly far-reaching implications. Failure of the already discovered treatment measures opened up a new opportunity to evaluate the potentials of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes in particular. Eventually, the initial success experienced after the use of MSCs in treating the new pneumonia by Lnge and his team backed up the idea of MSC-based therapies and pushed them closer to becoming a reality. However, MSC-related concerns regarding safety such as abnormal differentiation, spontaneous malignant and the formation of ectopic tissues have triggered the replacement of MSCs by their secreted exosomes. The issue has been further strengthened by the fact that the exosomes leave similar treatment impacts when compared to their parental cells. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of a variety of diseases. With a primary focus on COVID-19 and its current treatment methods, the present review looks into the potentials of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in battling the ongoing pandemic. Finally, the research will draw an analogy between exosomes and their parental cells, when it comes to the progresses and challenges in using exosomes as a large-scale treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dalirfardouei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Wang J, Yu C, Zhuang J, Qi W, Jiang J, Liu X, Zhao W, Cao Y, Wu H, Qi J, Zhao RC. The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation. Biomark Res 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35033201 PMCID: PMC8760663 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The negatively charged aminophospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), is located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells, and may be exposed to the outer leaflet under some immune and blood coagulation processes. Meanwhile, Ptdser exposed to apoptotic cells can be recognized and eliminated by various immune cells, whereas on the surface of activated platelets Ptdser interacts with coagulation factors prompting enhanced production of thrombin which significantly facilitates blood coagulation. In the case where PtdSer fails in exposure or mistakenly occurs, there are occurrences of certain immunological and haematological diseases, such as the Scott syndrome and Systemic lupus erythematosus. Besides, viruses (e.g., Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV)) can invade host cells through binding the exposed PtdSer. Most recently, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been similarly linked to PtdSer or its receptors. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively understand PtdSer and its functional characteristics. Therefore, this review summarizes Ptdser, its eversion mechanism; interaction mechanism, particularly with its immune receptors and coagulation factors; recognition sites; and its function in immune and blood processes. This review illustrates the potential aspects for the underlying pathogenic mechanism of PtdSer-related diseases, and the discovery of new therapeutic strategies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Changxin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wanwei Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yiyang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dongdansantiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China.
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Moll G, Ankrum JA, Olson SD, Nolta JA. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:2-13. [PMID: 35641163 PMCID: PMC8895495 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapeutics and types of clinical applications have greatly diversified during the past decade, including rapid growth of poorly regulated “Stem Cell Clinics” offering diverse “Unproven Stem Cell Interventions.” This product diversification necessitates a critical evaluation of the reliance on the 2006 MSC minimal criteria to not only define MSC identity but characterize MSC suitability for intravascular administration. While high-quality MSC therapeutics have been safely administered intravascularly in well-controlled clinical trials, repeated case reports of mild-to-more-severe adverse events have been reported. These are most commonly related to thromboembolic complications upon infusion of highly procoagulant tissue factor (TF/CD142)-expressing MSC products. As TF/CD142 expression varies widely depending on the source and manufacturing process of the MSC product, additional clinical cell product characterization and guidelines are needed to ensure the safe use of MSC products. To minimize risk to patients receiving MSC therapy, we here propose to supplement the minimal criteria used for characterization of MSCs, to include criteria that assess the suitability of MSC products for intravascular use. If cell products are intended for intravascular delivery, which is true for half of all clinical applications involving MSCs, the effects of MSC on coagulation and hemocompatibility should be assessed and expression of TF/CD142 should be included as a phenotypic safety marker. This adjunct criterion will ensure both the identity of the MSCs as well as the safety of the MSCs has been vetted prior to intravascular delivery of MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität zu Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author: Guido Moll, PhD, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Director of the Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Samiei M, Alipour M, Khezri K, Saadat YR, Forouhandeh H, Abdolahinia ED, Vahed SZ, Sharifi S, Dizaj SM. Application of collagen and mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative dentistry. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:606-620. [PMID: 34931969 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666211220100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix (ECM) in bones, teeth, and temporomandibular joints. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact with the components of the ECM such as collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and several proteins on behalf of variable matrix elasticity and bioactive cues. Synthetic collagen-based biomaterials could be effective scaffolds for regenerative dentistry applications due to mimicking of host tissues' ECM. These biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, readily available, and non-toxic to cells whose capability promotes cellular response and wound healing in the craniofacial region. Collagen could incorporate other biomolecules to induce mineralization in calcified tissues such as bone and tooth. Moreover, the addition of these molecules or other polymers to collagen-based biomaterials could enhance mechanical properties, which is important in load-bearing areas such as the mandible. A literature review was performed via reliable internet database (mainly PubMed) based on MeSH keywords. This review first describes the properties of collagen as a key protein in the structure of hard tissues. Then, it introduces different types of collagens, the correlation between collagen and MSCs, and the methods used to modify collagen in regenerative dentistry including recent progression on the regeneration of periodontium, dentin-pulp complex, and temporomandibular joint by applying collagen. Besides, the prospects and challenges of collagen-based biomaterials in the craniofacial region pointes out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Alipour
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Forouhandeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zubkova E, Evtushenko E, Beloglazova I, Osmak G, Koshkin P, Moschenko A, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Analysis of MicroRNA Profile Alterations in Extracellular Vesicles From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Stem Cell Factor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754025. [PMID: 34869342 PMCID: PMC8634878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool to treat cardiovascular diseases. One mode of action through which MSCs exert their protective effects is secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, we demonstrated that rat adipose-derived MSC-overexpressing stem cell factor (SCF) can induce endogenous regenerative processes and improve cardiac function. In the present work, we isolated EVs from intact, GFP- or SCF-overexpressing rat MSC and analyzed microarray datasets of their miRNA cargo. We uncovered a total of 95 differentially expressed miRNAs. We did not observe significant differences between EVs from GFP-MSC and SCF-MSC that may indicate intrinsic changes in MSC after viral transduction. About 80 miRNAs were downregulated in EVs from both SCF- or GFP-MSC. We assembled the miRNA-based network and found several nodes of target genes among which Vim Sept3 and Vsnl1 are involved in regulation of cellular migration that is consistent with our previous EVs data. Topological analyses of the network also revealed that among the downregulated miRNA-rno-miRNA-128-3p that regulates plenty of targets is presumably associated with chemokine signaling pathways. Overall, our data suggest that genetic modification of MSC has a great impact on their miRNA composition and provide novel insights into the regulatory networks underlying EV effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zubkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI), "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology," Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Beloglazova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI), "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology," Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - German Osmak
- Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI), "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology," Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Moschenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI), "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology," Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI), "National Medical Research Center of Cardiology," Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Maiborodin I, Klinnikova M, Kuzkin S, Maiborodina V, Krasil’nikov S, Pichigina A, Lushnikova E. Morphology of the Myocardium after Experimental Bone Tissue Trauma and the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Multipotent Stromal Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111206. [PMID: 34834558 PMCID: PMC8621714 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of various origins on the heart structures in the time of health and disease has been well studied. At the same time, data on the distribution of EVs throughout the body after introduction into the tissues and the possibility of the influence of these EVs on organs distant from the injection site are practically absent. It is also necessary to note a certain inconsistency in the results of various researchers: from articles on the direct absorption of EVs derived from mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) by cardiomyocytes to the data that the heart is inherently immune to drug delivery mediated by nanoparticles. In this regard, the morphological changes in the myocardium of outbred rabbits of both sexes weighing 3–4 kg were studied at various times after experimental trauma of the bone tissue in the proximal condyle of the tibia (PCT) and the use of MSC EVs. As a result of modeling the PCT defect, rabbits develop myocardial edema in the heart muscle by the 3rd day, their lymphatic vessels expand, and then, on the 7th day, the blood vessels become dilated. In the myocardium, the relative and absolute contents of neutrophils, erythrocytes, and macrophages increase, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. By day 10, almost all of these changes return to their initial values. The detected transformations of the myocardium are most likely due to the ingress of detritus with the blood flow from the PCT. The use of MSC EVs to influence the regeneration of damaged tissue of PCT promotes earlier dilatation of the blood vessels of the heart with pronounced diapedesis of erythrocytes or even hemorrhages, prolongation of edema, the formation of blood clots in vessels with obliteration of their lumen, sclerotic transformation of vascular walls and paravascular tissues. In the myocardium, the number density of neutrophils, the percentage of lymphocytes, and neutrophils become smaller, with a simultaneous increase in the relative numbers of erythrocytes and macrophages, and changes in the content of macrophages remained until the end of the observation—up to 10 days after the surgery. The discovered effect of MSC EVs is most likely associated with the suppression of the activity of the inflammatory process in the PCT area, which, in turn, was caused by a longer ingress of detritus with blood flow into the myocardium. The absence of statistically significant differences between changes in the myocardium of the left and right ventricles may indicate that both detritus from the surgical site and MSC EVs affect the heart spreading through the coronary artery system.
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Skovronova R, Grange C, Dimuccio V, Deregibus MC, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Surface Marker Expression in Small and Medium/Large Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Naive or Apoptotic Condition Using Orthogonal Techniques. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112948. [PMID: 34831170 PMCID: PMC8616318 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-EVs) are a promising resource for regenerative medicine. Small MSC-EVs represent the active EV fraction. A bulk analysis was applied to characterise MSC-EVs' identity and purity, with the assessment of single EV morphology, size and integrity using electron microscopy. We applied different methods to quantitatively analyse the size and surface marker expression in medium/large and small fractions, namely 10k and 100k fractions, of MSC-EVs obtained using sequential ultracentrifugation. Bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord MSC-EVs were compared in naive and apoptotic conditions. As detected by electron microscopy, the 100k EV size < 100 nm was confirmed by super-resolution microscopy and ExoView. Single-vesicle imaging using super-resolution microscopy revealed heterogeneous patterns of tetraspanins. ExoView allowed a comparative screening of single MSC-EV tetraspanin and mesenchymal markers. A semiquantitative bead-based cytofluorimetric analysis showed the segregation of immunological and pro-coagulative markers on the 10k MSC-EVs. Apoptotic MSC-EVs were released in higher numbers, without significant differences in the naive fractions in surface marker expression. These results show a consistent profile of MSC-EV fractions among the different sources and a safer profile of the 100k MSC-EV population for clinical application. Our study identified suitable applications for EV analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Skovronova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- 2i3T Business Incubator and Technology Transfer, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +011-6706453
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Cardoso MH, Alencar-Silva T, Bogéa GMR, Carvalho JL, Franco OL, Saldanha-Araujo F. Dissecting the relationship between antimicrobial peptides and mesenchymal stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108021. [PMID: 34637839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the various biological properties presented by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), their ability to control the immune response and fight pathogen infection through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. AMPs secreted by MSCs exhibit activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and viruses. The main AMPs produced by these cells are hepcidin, cathelicidin LL-37, and β-defensin-2. In addition to acting against pathogens, those AMPs have also been shown to interact with MSCs to modulate MSC proliferation, migration, and regeneration, indicating that such peptides exert a more diverse biological effect than initially thought. In the present review, we discuss the production of AMPs by MSCs, revise the multiple functions of these peptides, including their influence over MSCs, and present an overview of clinical situations in which the antimicrobial properties of MSCs may be explored for therapy. Finally, we discuss possibilities of combining MSCs and AMPs to generate improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Muller Reche Bogéa
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Rezabakhsh A, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:521. [PMID: 34583767 PMCID: PMC8478268 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the identification and application of different stem cell types have offered alternative therapeutic approaches for clinicians. The lack of successful engraftment, migration into the injured site, loss of functionality and viability, ethical issues, shortage of donated allogeneic stem cells and the possibility of transmission of infectious are the main challenges associated with direct cell transplantation. The discovery and research on exosomes have led to the rise of hopes for the alleviation of different pathologies in regenerative medicine. Exo are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (40-150 nm) and released by each type. These nanoparticles participate in cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. It is thought that the application of Exo can circumvent several drawbacks related to whole-cell therapies. Because of their appropriate size and stability, Exo are touted as therapeutic bullets transferring signaling factors into the acceptor cells in a paracrine manner. Despite these advantages, technologies associated with Exo isolation and purification are challenging because of heterogeneity in exosomal size and cargo. The lack of standard GMP-grade protocols is the main hurdle that limits the extensive application of Exo in the clinical setting. Here, the authors aimed to inspire a logical and realistic vision about problems associated with Exo application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran.
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Herman S, Fishel I, Offen D. Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1589-1600. [PMID: 34520591 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a progressive degeneration of cells and deficiencies in neural functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for diseases and disorders of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that their beneficial abilities can be attributed to their paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Administration of EVs that contain a mixture of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, resembling the secretome of MSCs, has been shown to mimic most of the effects of the parental cells. Moreover, the small size and safety profile of EVs provide a number of advantages over cell transplantation. Intranasal (IN) administration of EVs has been established as an effective and reliable way to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to the CNS. In addition to pharmacological drugs, EVs can be loaded with a diverse range of cargo designed to modulate gene expression and protein functions in recipient cells, and lead to immunomodulation, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and degradation of protein aggregates. In this review, we will explore the proposed physiological pathways by which EVs migrate through the nasal route to the CNS where they can actively target a region of injury or inflammation and exert their therapeutic effects. We will summarize the functional outcomes observed in animal models of neurological diseases following IN treatment with MSC-derived EVs. We will also examine key mechanisms that have been suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of EV-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Herman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Fishel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080811. [PMID: 34451909 PMCID: PMC8400229 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, millions of individuals suffer from a non-healing wound, abnormal scarring, or injuries accompanied by an infection. For these cases, scientists are searching for new therapeutic interventions, from which one of the most promising is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Naturally, EV-based signaling takes part in all four wound healing phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Such an extensive involvement of EVs suggests exploiting their action to modulate the impaired healing phase. Furthermore, next to their natural wound healing capacity, EVs can be engineered for better defined pharmaceutical purposes, such as carrying specific cargo or targeting specific destinations by labelling them with certain surface proteins. This review aims to promote scientific awareness in basic and translational research of EVs by summarizing the current knowledge about their natural role in each stage of skin repair and the most recent findings in application areas, such as wound healing, skin regeneration, and treatment of dermal diseases, including the stem cell-derived, plant-derived, and engineered EVs.
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Zeng QL, Liu DW. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: An emerging therapeutic strategy for normal and chronic wound healing. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6218-6233. [PMID: 34434989 PMCID: PMC8362559 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a complex biological process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in skin wound repair due to their multidirectional differentiation potential, hematopoietic support, promotion of stem cell implantation, self-replication, and immune regulation. Exosomes are vesicles with diameters of 40-100 nm that contain nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and often act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Currently, many clinical scientists have carried out cell-free therapy for skin wounds, especially chronic wounds, using exosomes derived from MSCs. This review focuses on the latest research progress on the mechanisms of action associated with the treatment of wound healing with exosomes derived from different MSCs, the latest research progress on the combination of exosomes and other biological or nonbiological factors for the treatment of chronic skin wounds, and the new prospects and development goals of cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Lu Zeng
- Burns Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - De-Wu Liu
- Burns Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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