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Johansson C, Hedman Ahlström B, Barac M, Berglund T, Bador K, Kerekes N. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Swedish Adolescents' Mental Health, Psychosocial Functioning, Risk Behaviours, and Victimisation: Gender Differences and Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:604. [PMID: 38791818 PMCID: PMC11121272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown varying effects on adolescents' mental health, psychosocial functioning, risk behaviours, and victimisation. This study aims to examine the changes reported by a sample of Swedish adolescents (N = 1607) at the end of the first year of the pandemic in relation to these factors. Data were collected with an electronic survey between September 2020 and February 2021, targeting upper-secondary high school students (aged 15-19 years). The results indicate a relatively low overall impact of the pandemic on Swedish upper-secondary school students, with notable gender differences. Compared to adolescent women, a higher percentage of adolescent men reported experiencing elevated levels of anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, anger, and increased illicit drug use as consequences of the pandemic. In contrast, women demonstrated an increase in several salutogenic behaviours. Victimisation rates generally decreased during this period. These findings underscore the importance of heightened awareness among professionals within schools, social services, and healthcare settings regarding the distinct challenges encountered by a larger portion of adolescent men during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Johansson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden (N.K.)
- Centre for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Britt Hedman Ahlström
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden (N.K.)
- Centre for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marijana Barac
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden (N.K.)
| | - Therese Berglund
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden (N.K.)
| | - Kourosh Bador
- Centre for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
- AGERA KBT, 411 38 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden (N.K.)
- Centre for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
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Monzon J, Barnoya J, Mus S, Davila G, Vidaña-Pérez D, Thrasher JF. Changes in substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1331962. [PMID: 38487580 PMCID: PMC10937547 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1331962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 16th, schools had to be closed in Guatemala and went to online teaching. We sought to analyze the change in substance use among high school students in Guatemala associated with the lockdown. Methods Data from two surveys (2019, n=2096, and 2020, n=1606) of a student cohort in private high schools in Guatemala City was used. Logistic models for past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol (including binge drinking) were used, regressing these on survey wave, while adjusting for sex, scholastic performance, high school year of student, parental education, substance use, and household member tobacco use. Results Prevalence declined for smoking (10% to 3%, p<0.001), e-cigarette (31% to 14%, p<0.001), marijuana (4.3% to 1.9%, p<0.001), and alcohol use (47% to 38.5%, p<0.001), and binge drinking (24% to 13%, p<0.001). Adjusted models showed wave 2 associated with lower odds of using cigarettes (AOR=0.44, 95%CI=0.32-0.62), e-cigarettes (AOR=0.41, 95% CI=0.35-0.49, p<0.001), and binge drinking (AOR=0.73, 95%CI=0.59-0.89; p=0.002). Conclusion Among Guatemalan adolescents, COVID-19 restrictions were associated with a significant decrease in smoking, e-cigarette use, and binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Monzon
- Health Sciences School, Rafael Landívar University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Research Department, Integra Cancer Institute, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sophia Mus
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gustavo Davila
- Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Desirée Vidaña-Pérez
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Leatherdale ST, Amores A, Bélanger RE, Battista K, Patte KA, Jiang Y. Youth perception of difficulty accessing cannabis following cannabis legalization and during the early and ongoing stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: repeat cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the COMPASS study. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:214. [PMID: 38102693 PMCID: PMC10724956 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little research has examined how perceptions of cannabis access among underage youth in Canada have changed since cannabis was legalized and since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, this paper examines the effect of the early and ongoing stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth perceptions of cannabis access over time since the onset of the Cannabis Act in 2018 in a large sample of Canadian youth. METHODS Using data from the COMPASS study (T1:2018/19, T2:2019/20, T3:2020/21), we used both repeat cross-sectional data [T1 (n = 38,890), T2 (n = 24,109), and T3 (n = 22,795)] to examine overall trends in perceptions of cannabis access, and sequential cohort longitudinal data [n = 4,677 students linked from T1 to T3] to examine the differential changes in perceptions of cannabis access among students over time. RESULTS In the cross-sectional sample, the frequency of students reporting that cannabis was easy to access decreased by 26.7% from T1 (51.0%) to T3 (37.4%), although respondents who have used cannabis were more likely to report access was easy. In the longitudinal sample, perceptions of cannabis access being easy increased over time, especially among cannabis users. Perceived ease of access appears to have been slightly impeded during the initial pandemic period but rebounded during the ongoing pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS While the prevalence of youth reporting that cannabis is easy to access has declined since legalization and throughout the early and ongoing pandemic periods, a substantial number of underage youth continue to report that cannabis is easy to access. This suggest that there is an ongoing need for continued cannabis control efforts to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Angelica Amores
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- VITAM - Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Kate Battista
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Folch C, Ganem F, Colom-Cadena A, Martínez I, Cabezas C, Casabona J. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of adolescents by gender identity. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102346. [PMID: 38007956 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of adolescents in Catalan schools by gender identity, and to compare coping strategies adopted to manage the health crisis and their relationship with the self-perceived impact of COVID-19 on mental health. METHOD Cross-sectional study in educational centres that includes 1171 adolescents over 15 years old from October to November 2021. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to evaluate the association between coping strategies with self-perceived impact of the pandemic on mental health. RESULTS A greater proportion of girls perceived a worsening in mental health than boys due to COVID-19 (36.9% and 17.8%, respectively). The main emotions reported for both girls and boys were worry and boredom. The study found an association between positive coping strategies with less adverse mental health among girls, whereas unhealthy habits were associated with a higher probability of declaring worsening of mental health for both girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being in adolescents and a clearly worse impact on girls. It is important to keep monitoring the medium- and long-term secondary impacts of the pandemic on mental health outcomes of adolescents and to gather information that can improve services for the development of healthy coping strategies during health crises like COVID-19, which include gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Folch
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Fabiana Ganem
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cabezas
- Public Health Secretary, Health Department of the Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee MS, Lee H. A Comparison of Changes in Health Behavior, Obesity, and Mental Health of Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Cross-Sectional Study. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1086-1094. [PMID: 37997337 PMCID: PMC10678147 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health behavior and mental health problems of adolescents have shown a variety of changes due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study compared health behavior, obesity, and mental health among Korean adolescents before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Population-based and cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Surveys were used. Data of 57,048 and 54,948 adolescents from the 2019 and 2020 surveys, respectively, were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare health behavior, obesity, and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of overweight, obesity, and body image perceived subjectively as fat, were higher in the 2020 sample compared to the 2019 sample. The aOR of the frequency (more than 3 times a week) of fast-food consumption was higher in 2020 than in 2019. However, the aOR of physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking experience were lower in 2020 than in 2019. In addition, during COVID-19, adolescents were less likely to have perceived severe stress, depressive moods, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests the co-occurrence of positive and negative changes in health behavior, obesity, and mental health among Korean adolescents during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The results contribute insights for monitoring adolescents' health behavior and promoting their mental health during school shutdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Yon H, Ban CY, Shin H, Eum S, Lee SW, Shin YH, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Min C, Yeniova AÖ, Kim SY, Lee J, Hadalin V, Kwon R, Koo MJ, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim S, Hahn JW, Kim N, Lefkir E, Bondeville V, Rhee SY, Shin JI, Yon DK, Woo HG. National trends in alcohol and substance use among adolescents from 2005 to 2021: a Korean serial cross-sectional study of one million adolescents. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1071-1081. [PMID: 36977821 PMCID: PMC10049906 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents, more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during recent periods, including the mid-pandemic period. This study investigated the changes in alcohol and substance use, except tobacco use, throughout the pre-, early-, and mid-pandemic periods in adolescents using a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey from South Korea. METHODS Data on 1,109,776 Korean adolescents aged 13-18 years from 2005 to 2021 were obtained in a survey operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. We evaluated adolescents' alcohol and substance consumption prevalence and compared the slope of alcohol and substance prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to see the trend changes. We define the pre-COVID-19 period as consisting of four groups of consecutive years (2005-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2015, and 2016-2019). The COVID-19 pandemic period is composed of 2020 (early-pandemic era) and 2021 (mid-pandemic era). RESULTS More than a million adolescents successfully met the inclusion criteria. The weighted prevalence of current alcohol use was 26.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4-27.1] from 2005 to 2008 and 10.5% (95% CI 10.1-11.0) in 2020 and 2021. The weighted prevalence of substance use was 1.1% (95% CI 1.1-1.2) from 2005 to 2008 and 0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.7) between 2020 and 2021. From 2005 to 2021, the overall trend of use of both alcohol and drugs was found to decrease, but the decline has slowed since COVID-19 epidemic (current alcohol use: βdiff 0.167; 95% CI 0.150-0.184; substance use: βdiff 0.152; 95% CI 0.110-0.194). The changes in the slope of current alcohol and substance use showed a consistent slowdown with regard to sex, grade, residence area, and smoking status from 2005 to 2021. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use among over one million Korean adolescents from the early and mid-stage (2020-2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a slower decline than expected given the increase during the prepandemic period (2005-2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Ban
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoin Shin
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seounghyun Eum
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Özgür Yeniova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Vlasta Hadalin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Ji Koo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fond
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Namwoo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eléa Lefkir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Victoire Bondeville
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Peruga A, Martínez C, Fu M, Ballbè M, Tigova O, Carnicer-Pont D, Fernández E. [Electronic cigarette use among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic]. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102324. [PMID: 37598581 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peruga
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España.
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Marcela Fu
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Olena Tigova
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Dolors Carnicer-Pont
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
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Rogés J, González-Casals H, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Colom J, Casabona J, Drou-Roget G, Teixidó-Compañó E, Fernández E, Vives-Cases C, Espelt A. Monitoring health and health behaviors among adolescents in Central Catalonia: DESKcohort protocol. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102316. [PMID: 37413897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the prospective cohort study (the DESKcohort project) is to describe and monitor health, health behaviors, and their related factors among 12 and 19-year-old adolescents schooled at centers of Compulsory Secondary Education or post-compulsory secondary education in Central Catalonia, considering social determinants of health. The DESKcohort survey is administered biannually between the months of October and June, and the project has been running for three years. We have interviewed 7319 and 9265 adolescents in the academic years 2019/20 and 2021/22, respectively. They responded a questionnaire created by a committee of experts, that included the following variables: sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health, food, physical activity, leisure and mobility, substance use, interpersonal relationships, sexuality, screen use and digital entertainment, and gambling. The results are presented to educational centers, county councils, municipalities, and health and third sector entities to plan, implement, and evaluate prevention and health promotion actions that address the identified needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rogés
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Subdirecció General d'Addiccions, VIH, Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Hepatitis Víriques, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gemma Drou-Roget
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Maikano AB. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use: A population-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287375. [PMID: 37352176 PMCID: PMC10289305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various aspects of lifestyle seem to change during confinement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examines confinement's effects on tobacco smoking habits (SH). METHODS A survey was distributed among adults living in Jordan (age >18 years) of both genders during April-May of 2020, of which 1925 responded to the survey. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking was 33.3%, 46.1%, and 21.1% for cigarettes (Cg), waterpipe (Wp), and E-cigarettes (ECg), respectively. Among the smokers, 38.5-45.8% reported a "no-change," while 32.1-41.7% reported a "decrease" in SH during confinement. On the other hand, 18.0-22.1% reported an "increase" in the SH. However, concerning the factors that might affect SH, the results showed that age, gender, income, and job sector contribute to the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the SH during COVID-19 have been reported in about 50% of participants who smoke tobacco, with a more reported decrease than increase in use. Studies and interventions are needed to confirm further and understand the current results and discourage smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abubakar B. Maikano
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Nigeria
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10
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Malta DC, Gomes CS, Vasconcelos NMD, Alves FTA, Ferreira APDS, Barros MBDA, Lima MG, Szwarcwald CL. Smoking among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 141:e2022424. [PMID: 37255064 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0424.r1.30032023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social distancing measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in mental suffering among adolescents, leading to risky consumption of psychoactive substances such as tobacco. OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents during the COVID-19 social distancing period in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study used data from ConVid Adolescentes survey in Brazil. METHODS Tobacco use was assessed before and during social distancing. The explanatory variables investigated were sex, age, race/skin color, type of school, maternal education, region of residence, adherence to social restriction measures, number of close friends, sleep quality during the pandemic, mood, passive smoking, use of alcoholic beverages during the pandemic, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. A logistic regression model was used for the data analysis. RESULTS Tobacco use by adolescents did not change during the pandemic (from 2.58% to 2.41%). There was a higher chance of tobacco use among adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years, self-reported black ones, residing in the South and Southeast regions, reported feeling sad and loneliness, had sleeping problems that worsened, were using alcoholic beverages during the pandemic, and were passive smokers at home. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school or higher, had strict social restrictions, and increased their physical activity during the pandemic had a lower chance of tobacco use. CONCLUSION Tobacco uses during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in vulnerable groups, such as black adolescents and those with mental suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carvalho Malta
- PhD. Physician and Associated Professor, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Crizian Saar Gomes
- PhD. Nutritionist and Post-doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Nádia Machado de Vasconcelos
- MSc. Physician and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Pate de Souza Ferreira
- PhD. Researcher, Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
- PhD. Physician and Full Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Margareth Guimarães Lima
- PhD. Researcher, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Celia Landmann Szwarcwald
- PhD. Senior Researcher, Laboratório de Informação e Saúde (LIS), Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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11
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Shin H, Park S, Yon H, Ban CY, Turner S, Cho SH, Shin YH, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Min C, Lee YJ, Kim SY, Lee J, Kwon R, Koo MJ, Fond G, Boyer L, Hahn JW, Kim N, Rhee SY, Shin JI, Woo HG, Park H, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Kim MS, Lefkir E, Hadalin V, Choi J, Lee SW, Yon DK, Kim S. Estimated prevalence and trends in smoking among adolescents in South Korea, 2005-2021: a nationwide serial study. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:366-377. [PMID: 36645642 PMCID: PMC9842213 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking is classified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, there is a scarcity of studies on prevalence of smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aims to analyze the trends of prevalence of smoking in adolescents over the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS The present study used data from middle to high school adolescents between 2005 and 2021 who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). We evaluated the smoking prevalence (ever or daily) by year groups and estimated the slope in smoking prevalence before and during the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 1,137,823 adolescents participated in the study [mean age, 15.04 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.03-15.06]; and male, 52.4% (95% CI 51.7-53.1)]. The prevalence of ever smokers was 27.7% (95% CI 27.3-28.1) between 2005 and 2008 but decreased to 9.8% (95% CI 9.3-10.3) in 2021. A consistent trend was found in daily smokers, as the estimates decreased from 5.4% (95% CI 5.2-5.6) between 2005 and 2008 to 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.5) in 2021. However, the downward slope in the overall prevalence of ever smokers and daily smokers became less pronounced in the COVID-19 pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic period. In the subgroup with substance use, the decreasing slope in daily smokers was significantly more pronounced during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of ever smokers and daily smokers showed a less pronounced decreasing trend during the pandemic. The findings of our study provide an overall understanding of the pandemic's impact on smoking prevalence in adolescents. Supplementary file2 (MP4 64897 KB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoin Shin
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Ban
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen Turner
- Maternity and Child Health Division, NHS Grampian Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Ji Koo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fond
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ., CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ., CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Jong Woo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namwoo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeowon Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eléa Lefkir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Vlasta Hadalin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jungwoo Choi
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Substance Use and Mental Health in Portuguese Higher Education Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040619. [PMID: 36833153 PMCID: PMC9957448 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health of higher education students is a constant concern, and the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has intensified this concern. The social measures imposed to control and minimize the disease have led, among other things, to the reconfiguration of higher education students' academic life habits, which has naturally altered their emotional balance, mental health, and substance abuse. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study assesses the influence of higher education students' personal characteristics on their (self-reported) use of addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and pharmaceutical drugs) before and during their first compulsory confinement in Portugal, as well as its relationship with mental health. An online questionnaire was applied between 15 April and 20 May 2020, to students from various study cycles of higher education institutions in one region of Portugal (northern area of Alentejo), which included the Mental Health Inventory in its reduced version (MHI-5) and questions (constructed by the authors) on personal characterization and on the use of addictive substances before and during confinement. The convenience sample included 329 mostly female health care students between the ages of 18 and 24. In our results, we found a statistically significant decrease in tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; however, there was an increase in tobacco use among older students and an increase in anxiolytic use among students with higher academic achievement and among students who exhibited more active social behavior in the period prior to confinement. Students who took anxiolytics during confinement had higher MHI-5 scores and students who used the most addictive substances during confinement had lower MHI-5 scores than the other students.
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13
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Tetteh-Quarshie S, Risher ML. Adolescent brain maturation and the neuropathological effects of binge drinking: A critical review. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1040049. [PMID: 36733924 PMCID: PMC9887052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional stage marked by continued brain development. This period is accompanied by physical and neurochemical modifications in the shape and function of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and other limbic system structures. Brain maturation during adolescence, which is typically governed by intrinsic factors, can be dramatically altered by environmental influences such as drugs and alcohol. Unlike many other addictive substances, binge drinking is very common and normative among teenagers and young adults. This repeated pattern of excessive alcohol consumption in adolescents has been shown to cause behavioral changes and neurocognitive impairments that include increased anxiety, risky decision-making, and learning deficits, which could lead to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). This manuscript highlights factors that lead to adolescent binge drinking, discusses maturational changes that occur in an adolescent's brain, and then evaluates the effect of adolescent alcohol consumption on brain structure, function, and neurocognitive abilities in both human studies and animal models. The impact of gender/sex and COVID-19 are briefly discussed. Understanding the factors that promote the onset of adolescent binge drinking and its undesirable consequences could serve as a catalyst for developing therapeutic agents that would decrease or eradicate the damaging effects of alcohol on an adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Mary-Louise Risher
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States,Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Hershel ‘Woody’ Williams Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV, United States,*Correspondence: Mary-Louise Risher,
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14
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Bonnet U, Specka M, Roser P, Scherbaum N. Cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:7-18. [PMID: 36346483 PMCID: PMC9641691 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between cannabis use or addiction and SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes is obscure. As of 08/01/2022 among 57 evaluated epidemiological/clinical studies found in Pubmed-database, most evidence for how cannabis use patterns were influenced by the pandemic was given by two systematic reviews and 17 prospective studies, mostly involving adolescents. In this age group, cannabis use patterns have not changed markedly. For adults, several cross-sectional studies reported mixed results with cannabis use having increased, decreased or remained unchanged. Two cross-sectional studies demonstrated that the severity of adults´ cannabis dependence was either increased as a consequence of increasing cannabis use during the pandemic or not changed. Regarding the effect of cannabis use on COVID-19 outcomes, we found only five retrospective/cross-sectional studies. Accordingly, (i) cannabis use did not impact mild COVID-19 symptoms; (ii) cannabis using individuals experienced more COVID-19-related hospitalizations; (iii) cannabis using veterans were associated with reduced SARS-COV-2 infection rates; (iv) frequent cannabis use was significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality, and (v) cannabis dependents were at higher risk of COVID-19 breakthrough after vaccination. It should be outlined that the validity of these retrospective/cross-sectional studies (all self-reports or register/e-health-records) is rather low. Future prospective studies on the effects of cannabis use on SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes are clearly required for conclusive risk-benefit assessments of the role of cannabis on users' health during the pandemic. Moreover, substance dependence (including cannabis) is associated with (often untreated) somatic comorbidity, which severity is a proven key risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Grutholzallee 21, 44577 Castrop-Rauxel, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Specka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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Lee MS, Kim DJ, Lee H. Trends in health behaviors and mental health among Korean adolescents in Korea over 5 years, 2017-2021: focusing on the comparisons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1139110. [PMID: 37139372 PMCID: PMC10149801 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated recent trends in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents from 2017 to 2021 and compared the changes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Data analysis was conducted on 289,415 adolescents participating in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, an annual cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2021. All analysis was conducted using sex stratification, and the annual percentage change (APC) was calculated. Results Alcohol consumption and smoking decreased in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before, except for girls from the low-income level. The prevalence of inadequate physical activity for both boys and girls increased in 2020 compared with the pre-COVID-19 period and decreased again by 2021. The prevalence of obesity in both sexes increased regardless of the period (boys, APC = 8.2%, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.4-10.1; girls, APC = 3.3%, 95% CI, 1.8-4.8). The prevalence of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts for both sexes decreased in 2020 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. By 2021, this prevalence had returned to a level similar to before the pandemic. No significant APC changes were observed in the prevalence of mental health. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the trends and APCs in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents over the last 5 years. We must pay attention to the heterogeneous and multifaceted features of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hooyeon Lee
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Patin A, Ladner J, Tavolacci MP. Change in University Student Health Behaviours after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:539. [PMID: 36612861 PMCID: PMC9819045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many disruptions in the lives of the population. In particular, the health behaviours of university students were impacted. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of these behaviours from before the COVID-19 period to May 2021, during which lockdowns or curfews were in effect. METHODS Two retrospective online cross-sectional studies were conducted among university students in Normandy in May 2020 and May 2021. Socio-demographics and academic characteristics were collected. Tobacco smoking, binge drinking, cannabis use, and moderate and vigorous physical activity were collected for the 4 weeks before the COVID-19 lockdown in May 2020 and in May 2021. RESULTS Overall, 6991 university students were included in the study (3483 in 2020 and 3508 in 2021) with a mean age of 20.8 (standard deviation = 2.5) and 73.4% of women. After logistic regression, binge drinking (occasional and regular), cannabis use (occasional), moderate physical activity (regular), and vigorous physical activity (occasional) decreased in 2020 and 2021 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Tobacco smoking (occasional) and vigorous physical activity (regular) decreased only in 2020. Regular tobacco and cannabis use did not change significantly in 2020 and 2021 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. DISCUSSION Student health behaviours changed in May 2020 and May 2021 due to the implementation of measures restricting mobility and social interaction. Even if some risky consumption decreased in 2020 after the first lockdown, there was no rebound phenomenon in 2021: consumption either remained lower or similar to the pre-COVID-19 period. These behaviours need to be monitored in the future to assess the long-term effects of these restrictions on student health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Patin
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique-Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CIC-CRB 1404), CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Joel Ladner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM 1073, Univ Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique-Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CIC-CRB 1404), CHU ROUEN, 76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM 1073, Univ Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
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Factors affecting tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis product use among California young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100470. [PMCID: PMC9661417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of COVID-19 on tobacco use and cannabis has been variable, and it is unclear the extent to which factors affecting changes in tobacco and cannabis use differ. The purpose of this study was to identify the COVID-19-related factors that affect changes in tobacco and cannabis use during the pandemic. Focus groups with 114 young adults in California in April 2021 were held to discuss tobacco and cannabis use patterns, adverse events, and the effect of COVID-19 on tobacco and cannabis product use. Factors affecting changes in use were largely similar between tobacco products and cannabis products. Drivers of increased cannabis use distinct from tobacco or nicotine product use included feeling greater freedom to disengage and perceptions of less harm. Increases in product use were a result of changing social environment, coping with emotional and psychological distress, and product related factors. Decreases in product use were a result of social isolation, COVID-19-related health concerns, disruptions in daily patterns of living, and reduced access. Improved understanding of how the pandemic has affected tobacco and cannabis use can inform tailored interventions to both support those who have decreases or quit and assist those who have increased use during the pandemic to reduce or cease their consumption.
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COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Mood, Alcohol Consumption, Academic Functioning, and Perceived Immune Fitness: Data from Young Adults in Germany. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a study was conducted in the Netherlands to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated lockdown periods on academic functioning, mood, and health correlates, such as alcohol consumption. The Dutch study revealed that lockdowns were associated with significantly poorer mood and reductions in perceived immune fitness. Overall, a reduction in alcohol consumption during lockdown periods was shown. Academic functioning in terms of self-reported performance was unaffected. However, a significant reduction in interactions with other students and teachers was reported. However, there was considerable variability among students; both increases and reductions in alcohol consumption were reported, as well as both improvements and poorer academic functioning during periods of lockdown. The aim of the current online study was to replicate these findings in Germany. To achieve this, a slightly modified version of the survey was administered among young adults (aged 18 to 35 years old) in Germany. The survey assessed possible changes in self-reported academic functioning, mood, and health correlates, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, perceived immune functioning, and sleep quality during periods of lockdown as compared to periods with no lockdowns. Retrospective assessments were made for five periods, including (1) ‘BP’ (the period before the COVID-19 pandemic), (2) ‘L1’ (the first lockdown period, March–May 2020), (3) ‘NL1’ (the first no-lockdown period, summer 2020), (4) ‘L2’ (the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021), and (5) ‘NL2’ (the second no-lockdown period, summer 2021). This article describes the content of the survey and the corresponding dataset. The survey was completed by 371 participants.
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19
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Coronavirus disease pandemic and adolescent substance use. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:334-340. [PMID: 35836392 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Substance use is common in adolescence and has distinct developmental, cognitive, and health consequences. Over the last 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has isolated adolescents, disrupted typical developmental milestones, and caused pervasive stress and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help by recognizing and addressing these effects on adolescent mental health and substance use. This update reviews the immediate effects of the pandemic on adolescent substance use, potential future implications, and opportunities to use new strategies to improve care for adolescents with problematic use. RECENT FINDINGS Initial findings suggest that fewer teens started using substances during the pandemic. This was likely influenced by stay at home orders that reduced opportunities for social use. However, increased time at home was not beneficial for all adolescents. Furthermore, adolescents who used substances prepandemic, experienced material hardship, or reported higher pandemic-related stress tended to intensify substance use during this time. SUMMARY The adverse effects of pandemic isolation, anxiety, and developmental disruption will likely have consequences for adolescent substance use for many years to come. To comprehensively address adolescent health, healthcare providers can be sensitive to these realities and use existing screening and brief intervention strategies to address use. Innovative telehealth strategies that allow for the expansion of substance use treatment offer promising opportunities to improve care for adolescents with substance use disorder.
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20
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Gardner LA, Debenham J, Newton NC, Chapman C, Wylie FE, Osman B, Teesson M, Champion KE. Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060309. [PMID: 35649588 PMCID: PMC9170793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the prevalence of six key chronic disease risk factors (the "Big 6"), from before (2019) to during (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic, among a large and geographically diverse sample of adolescents, and whether differences over time are associated with lockdown status and gender. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Three Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia) spanning over 3000 km. PARTICIPANTS 983 adolescents (baseline Mage=12.6, SD=0.5, 54.8% girl) drawn from the control group of the Health4Life Study. PRIMARY OUTCOMES The prevalence of physical inactivity, poor diet (insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage intake, high discretionary food intake), poor sleep, excessive recreational screen time, alcohol use and tobacco use. RESULTS The prevalence of excessive recreational screen time (prevalence ratios (PR)=1.06, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.11), insufficient fruit intake (PR=1.50, 95% CI=1.26 to 1.79), and alcohol (PR=4.34, 95% CI=2.82 to 6.67) and tobacco use (PR=4.05 95% CI=1.86 to 8.84) increased over the 2-year period, with alcohol use increasing more among girls (PR=2.34, 95% CI=1.19 to 4.62). The prevalence of insufficient sleep declined across the full sample (PR=0.74, 95% CI=0.68 to 0.81); however, increased among girls (PR=1.24, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.41). The prevalence of high sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=0.61, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) and discretionary food consumption (PR=0.73, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) reduced among those subjected to stay-at-home orders, compared with those not in lockdown. CONCLUSION Lifestyle risk behaviours, particularly excessive recreational screen time, poor diet, physical inactivity and poor sleep, are prevalent among adolescents. Young people must be supported to find ways to improve or maintain their health, regardless of the course of the pandemic. Targeted approaches to support groups that may be disproportionately impacted, such as adolescent girls, are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Anne Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Clare Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Bridie Osman
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Elizabeth Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Wang X, Ma Z, Wang C. A Longitudinal Study on the Addictive Behaviors of General Population before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105979. [PMID: 35627516 PMCID: PMC9141667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By using nationally representative longitudinal data, this study investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the addictive behaviors (smoking and drinking) of the general population in China. From the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018 and 2020, we extract a sample of individuals over 16 years of age in China, consisting of 14,468 individuals and 28,936 observations. We decompose the sample into three age groups, that is, ages between 16 and 39, ages between 40 and 59 and ages above 60. The bootstrap method is used to estimate the confidence interval of the difference in the mean of addictive behaviors, and logit models are used in the regression analysis. Our results show that the COVID-19 pandemic reduces the smoking behavior of individuals above 40 years of age, and that it reduces the drinking behavior of individuals above 16 years of age. However, the pandemic increases the smoking behavior of individuals between 16 and 39 years of age. These results may be closely related to the characteristics of COVID-19 (that is, a respiratory system disease), the working and economic pressures of young Chinese and the role of drinking alcohol in building and maintaining social networks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100006, China;
| | - Zaifei Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
| | - Chunan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Complex System Analysis and Management Decision, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zysset A, Volken T, Amendola S, von Wyl A, Dratva J. Change in Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking in University Students During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854350. [PMID: 35570889 PMCID: PMC9092343 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Young adults have been overly affected by the containment measures against COVID-19 and, consequently, worsening in mental health and change in health behavior have been reported. Because the life phase of emerging adulthood is crucial for developing health behaviors, this study aims to examine increase in alcohol consumption, single and multiple binge drinking, and associated factors in students during lockdown and post-lockdown periods. Methods A prospective open cohort study design with nine survey time points between April 2020 and June 2021 was conducted. The present study uses pooled data from the first survey T0 (3 April to 14 April) and follow-ups at T1 (30 April to 11 May 2020) and T2 (28 May to 8 June 2020). Students from all faculties of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) (N = 12'431) were invited. Of the 1,300 students who participated at baseline and in at least one follow-up, 1,278 (98.3%) completed the questionnaires, final net sample size was 947. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to investigate the factors associated with increases in alcohol consumption based on number of occasions/last 30 days; drinks/week, and binge drinking at T0, and respective changes at T1 and T2 (increases, decreases, no change). Results Overall, 20% of Swiss university students reported an increased alcohol consumption and 26% engaged in binge drinking. Number of drinks at baseline was associated with a higher probability of increased alcohol consumption, as well as engaging in single and multiple binge drinking events. Higher anxiety scores were associated with a higher probability to increase the alcohol consumption and engaging at least once in binge drinking. Additional factors associated with any binge drinking were male gender, younger age and not living with parents. Higher perceived social support was only associated with engaging in heavy binge drinking. Conclusions A substantial number of students developed a more risky health behavior regarding alcohol consumption. It is important to identify at risk students and design target prevention including factors such as age, gender and social norms. Further, health behavior and determinants of health behaviors of students should be carefully monitored during the further course of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Zysset
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Public Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Volken
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Public Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnes von Wyl
- Departement of Applied Psychology, Psychological Institute, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dratva
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Public Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Sohi I, Chrystoja BR, Rehm J, Wells S, Monteiro M, Ali S, Shield KD. Changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic and previous pandemics: A systematic review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:498-513. [PMID: 35412673 PMCID: PMC9111333 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to summarize the research on the relationships between exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic or previous pandemics and changes in alcohol use. A systematic search of Medline and Embase was performed to identify cohort and cross-sectional population studies that examined changes in alcohol use during or following a pandemic compared to before a pandemic occurred. Outcomes examined included differences in the volume and frequency of alcohol consumption and the frequencies of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-related problems during a pandemic compared to before a pandemic. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search yielded 672 articles; 27 were included in the narrative review, of which 6 were cohort studies (all from high-income countries). A total of 259,188 participants were included. All cohort studies examined the impact of COVID-19 and associated pandemic-related policies, including social distancing and alcohol-specific policies, on alcohol use. Cohort studies demonstrated a consistent significant decrease in total alcohol consumption (Australia) and a significant increase in the frequency of alcohol use (United States). A significant decrease in the frequency of HED was observed in Australia and Spain but not in the United States. A significant increase in the proportion of people with problematic alcohol use was observed in the United Kingdom. Initial insights into changes in alcohol use indicate substantial heterogeneity. Alcohol use may have decreased in some countries, while HED and the proportion of people with problematic alcohol use may have increased. The lack of high-quality studies from low- and middle-income countries reflects a dearth of information from countries inhabited by most of the world's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivneet Sohi
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany R Chrystoja
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shehzad Ali
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin D Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Almeda N, Gómez-Gómez I. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smoking Consumption: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941575. [PMID: 35903638 PMCID: PMC9320170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global health crisis that has negatively impacted the mental health and wellbeing of the population. A large amount of scientific literature has emerged since 2019, but none of these studies have focused on assessing the impact of COVID-19 on smoking consumption. We aimed to analyse the changes in smoking consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic through longitudinal studies. This systematic review follows the PRISMA Statement. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021282235). MEDLINE, ERIC, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 24 October 2021. We completed an extensive assessment of all prospective cohort studies that aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco consumption habits. According to the PICOS's acronym, we included all population (P) types and studies developed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (I) with a change in nicotine consumption as the outcome (O), as well as prospective cohort studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The results showed that 14 cohorts reported in 11 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 58,052 participants were included in the review. Most of the studies pointed out a reduction in the number of cigarettes and e-cigarettes consumed from baseline (before the pandemic) to follow-up (during the pandemic). Only two studies reported an increase in cigarette or e-cigarette consumption from baseline to follow-up. The majority of studies presented a low risk of bias. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior is complex and uncertain. The decrease in smoking consumption during the pandemic could be related to the fear of becoming infected by COVID-19, the advancement of COVID-19, and the reduction in social gatherings. In several cases, the increases in nicotine consumption can be explained by psychological distress. These findings can be used to create strategies to prevent relapses during the post-vaccination phases of the pandemic. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021282235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Almeda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature on the trends in substance use among youth during the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The pandemic has given rise to concerns about the mental health and social well-being of youth, including its potential to increase or exacerbate substance use behaviors. This systematic review identified and included 49 studies of use across alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, e-cigarettes/vaping, and other drugs, and unspecified substances. The majority of studies across all categories of youth substance use reported reductions in prevalence, except in the case of other drugs and unspecified drug and substance use, which included three studies that reported an increase in use and three studies that reported decrease in use. Overall, the results of this review suggest that the prevalence of youth substance use has largely declined during the pandemic. Youth substance use in the post-pandemic years will require monitoring and continued surveillance.
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26
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Yin B, Yu Y, Xu X. Recent Advances in Consumer Behavior Theory: Shocks from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:171. [PMID: 34940106 PMCID: PMC8698963 DOI: 10.3390/bs11120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic has had an enormous impact on people's lives, particularly aspects of life such as consumption, and has therefore brought new elements to the expansion of Consumer behavior theory. Methods: This paper searches the literature on consumption research conducted from 1981 to 2021, including sources such as CNKI, Wanfang, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Through the exploration of the existing relevant literature, this article found that the COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic has had a profound impact on consumption willingness, consumption patterns, and consumption objects, and, as such, has newly expanded the theoretical model of consumer behavior. Results: Through reviewing the literature, this paper found some results. For example with regard to consumption patterns, early studies and the impact of COVID-19 was focused on online consumption, however in the context of COVID-19, scholars proposed paying attention to the combination of online and offline development. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic has had a profound effect on consumer behavior worldwide. Under the current economic depression, the government should take adequate measures in order to respond to the new changes in consumer behavior and therefore promote economic growth. For example, the government should encourage the combination of online and offline business operation modes to break the boundaries of customer groups and supply chains, so that consumers can buy anytime and anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Yin
- College of Economic and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Yajing Yu
- College of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Xiaocang Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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