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Huynh D, Khaing MM. Exploring the Interconnections of Functional Gut Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review Article. Cureus 2024; 16:e53699. [PMID: 38322093 PMCID: PMC10846347 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review reveals details of the interaction between disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by providing an in-depth review of that relationship. The review provides a nuanced understanding of this multifaceted dynamic by spanning shared symptomatology, the impact of inflammation on functional aspects, and addressing diagnostic challenges, psychological influences, treatment strategies, and emerging research directions. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying gaps in understanding, this article aims to contribute to the evolving discourse surrounding the interplay between IBD and DGBI, offering valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals navigating the complexities of gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huynh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
| | - Myat Myat Khaing
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
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2
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Liu Y, Liu G, Fang J. Progress on the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum to improve intestinal barrier function in ulcerative colitis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109505. [PMID: 37890709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory sickness of the intestinal tract, chiefly implicating the rectum and colon, which is characterized by chronic or subacute diarrhea, mucopurulent stools, and abdominal pain. The pathogeny of UC is still uncertain, and it is thought that multiple factors interact to cause the disease, such as environment, genetics, gut microbes, and immunity. Injuring the intestinal barrier is one of the most significant features of UC and includes mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological barriers. Plenty of research has shown that probiotics, as profitable bacteria in the gut, can play a prominent role in the treatment of UC by improving gut barrier function and modulating gut immunity. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), a common probiotic, has made outstanding contributions to food and medicine, and many studies in recent years have shown that L. plantarum has great preventive and therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis and restores the intestinal barrier. This paper reviews the mechanisms of L. plantarum for improving the intestinal barrier function of UC organisms, mainly including regulating the immune response, inhibiting oxidative stress, raising the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, promoting the formation of mucin, improving the composition of gut flora, and raising the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which offers some help for the clinical therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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3
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Ren DD, Chen KC, Li SS, Zhang YT, Li ZM, Liu S, Sun YS. Panax quinquefolius polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161625. [PMID: 37415978 PMCID: PMC10321667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of the polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius (WQP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and to explore its mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group (C), model group (DSS), positive control mesalazine (100 mg/kg, Y) group, and low (50 mg/kg, L), medium (100 mg/kg, M) and high dose (200 mg/kg, H) of WQP groups. The UC model was induced by free drinking water with 2.5% DSS for 7 days. During the experiment, the general condition of the mice was observed, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored. The conventional HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in mice's colon, and the ELISA method was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice's colon. The changes in gut microbiota in mice were detected by high-throughput sequencing; the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was determined by gas chromatography; the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot. Compared with the DSS group, the WQP group showed a significantly lower DAI score of mice and an alleviated colon tissue injury. In the middle- and high-dose polysaccharides groups, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α in the colonic tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that different doses of WQP could regulate the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and improve its structure. Specifically, at the phylum level, group H showed an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the DSS group, which was closer to the case in group C. At the family level, the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae in L, M and H groups increased significantly, close to that in group C. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Shigella and Oscillospira in the H group increased significantly, while that of Lactobacillus and Prevotella decreased significantly. The high-dose WQP group could significantly increase the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFAs. Different doses of WQP also increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1. To sum up, WQP can regulate the gut microbiota structure of UC mice, accelerate the recovery of gut microbiota, and increase the content of Faecal SCFAs and the expression level of tight junction proteins in UC mice. This study can provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of UC and theoretical references for the application of WQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-duo Ren
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Shan-shan Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-ting Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-man Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Looking Up 9 Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, China
| | - Yin-shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Pearce VH, Groisman EA, Townsend GE. Dietary sugars silence the master regulator of carbohydrate utilization in human gut Bacteroides species. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2221484. [PMID: 37358144 PMCID: PMC10294740 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2221484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota is a critical human health determinant with therapeutic potential for remediation of many diseases. The host diet is a key factor governing the gut microbiota composition by altering nutrient availability and supporting the expansion of distinct microbial populations. Diets rich in simple sugars modify the abundance of microbial subsets, enriching for microbiotas that elicit pathogenic outcomes. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in fructose and glucose can reduce the fitness and abundance of a human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, by silencing the production of a critical intestinal colonization protein, called Roc, via its mRNA leader through an unknown mechanism. We have now determined that dietary sugars silence Roc by reducing the activity of BT4338, a master regulator of carbohydrate utilization. Here, we demonstrate that BT4338 is required for Roc synthesis, and that BT4338 activity is silenced by glucose or fructose. We show that the consequences of glucose and fructose on orthologous transcription factors are conserved across human intestinal Bacteroides species. This work identifies a molecular pathway by which a common dietary additive alters microbial gene expression in the gut that could be harnessed to modulate targeted microbial populations for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H. Pearce
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guy E. Townsend
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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5
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Talapko J, Včev A, Meštrović T, Pustijanac E, Jukić M, Škrlec I. Homeostasis and Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota: Comparing Hallmarks of a Healthy State with Changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122405. [PMID: 36557658 PMCID: PMC9781915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving human health by participating in various physiological functions and acting as a metabolic organ. In physiological conditions, microbiota-host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes in intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and its two main disease entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The incidence and prevalence of these inflammatory conditions have increased rapidly in the last decade, becoming a significant problem for the healthcare system and a true challenge in finding novel therapeutic solutions. The issue is that, despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic intestinal inflammation occurs due to altered intestinal microbiota and environmental factors, as well as a complex interplay between the genetic predisposition of the host and an inappropriate innate and acquired immune response. It is important to note that the development of biological and immunomodulatory therapy has led to significant progress in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Certain lifestyle changes and novel approaches-including fecal microbiota transplantation and nutritional supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-have offered solutions for dysbiosis management and paved the way towards restoring a healthy microbiome, with only minimal long-term unfavorable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
| | - Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Melita Jukić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (I.Š.)
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6
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Li Q, Zhou S, Wang Y, Cong J. Changes of intestinal microbiota and microbiota-based treatments in IBD. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:442. [PMID: 35776212 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained increasing attention from researchers in terms of its pathophysiology as a global disease with a growing incidence. Although the exact etiology of IBD is still unknown currently, various studies have made us realize that it is related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and the link between the two may not just be a simple causal relationship, but also a dynamic and complicated one. The intestinal microbiota has been confirmed to be closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the changes in the structure, function, and metabolites of intestinal bacteria, fungi, and viruses in influencing IBD, as well as various approaches to IBD treatment by changing disordered intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, more clinical studies will be needed to focus on the efficacy of intestinal microbiota-based treatments in IBD, because of the existence of both advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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Čipčić Paljetak H, Barešić A, Panek M, Perić M, Matijašić M, Lojkić I, Barišić A, Vranešić Bender D, Ljubas Kelečić D, Brinar M, Kalauz M, Miličević M, Grgić D, Turk N, Karas I, Čuković-Čavka S, Krznarić Ž, Verbanac D. Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2083419. [PMID: 35695669 PMCID: PMC9196785 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2083419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on how gut microbes contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at the onset of disease is still scarce. We compared gut microbiota in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy group. Mucosal and fecal microbiota of 49 patients (13 UC, 10 CD, and 26 IBS) before treatment initiation, and fecal microbiota of 12 healthy subjects was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mucosa was sampled at six positions, from terminal ileum to rectum. We demonstrate that mucosal microbiota is spatially homogeneous, cannot be differentiated based on the local inflammation status and yet provides bacterial footprints superior to fecal in discriminating disease phenotypes. IBD groups showed decreased bacterial diversity in mucosa at all taxonomic levels compared to IBS. In CD and UC, Dialister was significantly increased, and expansion of Haemophilus and Propionibacterium characterized UC. Compared to healthy individuals, fecal microbiota of IBD and IBS patients had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, in particular. Shift toward reduction of Adlercreutzia and butyrate-producing taxa was found in feces of IBD patients. Microbiota alterations detected in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve adult patients indicate that the microbiota changes are set and detectable at the disease onset and likely have a discerning role in IBD pathophysiology. Our results justify further investigation of the taxa discriminating between disease groups, such as H. parainfluenzae, R. gnavus, Turicibacteriaceae, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia as potential biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Čipčić Paljetak
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,CONTACT Hana Čipčić Paljetak Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 2, Zagreb10000, Croatia
| | - Anja Barešić
- Division of Electronics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Panek
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Perić
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Matijašić
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Lojkić
- Department for Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Barišić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Vranešić Bender
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Ljubas Kelečić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Brinar
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Kalauz
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Miličević
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Grgić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikša Turk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Karas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Čuković-Čavka
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Krznarić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Tapioca starch and skim milk support probiotic efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum post-fermentation medium against pathogens and cancer cells. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:331. [PMID: 35579801 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of functional foods containing prebiotic ingredients is an area of particular interest and a very promising market with the potential to dominate the food industry. This study aims to explore the potential of starch-based prebiotic tapioca and skim milk, as low-cost and easily accessible food sources and as natural and "clean label" food ingredients on the probiotic activities of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum). The results show that concomitant use of the modified tapioca starch and skim milk promotes the antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of L. plantarum post-fermentation media pointing out how the functionality of probiotic products can be regulated by growth supplements.
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9
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8075344. [PMID: 35310028 PMCID: PMC8926525 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8075344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammation of the bowel. In recent decades, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the therapy of UC. However, its underlying mechanisms have not been sufficiently elucidated. Accumulating studies indicate that the gut microbial dysbiosis is closely related to UC. It has been demonstrated that TCM could alter the composition of intestinal microbiota by enriching beneficial and SCFA-producing bacteria and reducing pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we discussed recent evidence regarding the TCM and its role in modulating gut microbiota for the treatment of UC.
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Lai W, Yang S, Lin X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhou J, Fu C, Li R, Zhang Z. Zingiber officinale: A Systematic Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Gut Microbiota-Related Gastrointestinal Benefits. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1007-1042. [PMID: 35729087 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional edible medicinal herb with a wide range of uses and long cultivation history. Fresh ginger (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma; Sheng Jiang in Chinese, SJ) and dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma; Gan Jiang in Chinese, GJ) are designated as two famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which are different in plant cultivation, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. Previous researches mainly focused on the differences in chemical composition between them, but there was no systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. Meanwhile, ginger has traditionally been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, but so far, the possible interaction with human gut microbiota has hardly been considered. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between SJ and GJ retrospectively, particularly proposing them the significant differences in botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology, which can be used as evidence for clinical application of SJ and GJ. Furthermore, the pharmacology of gut microbiota-related gastrointestinal benefits has also been discussed in order to explore better ways to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, which can be used as a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Sichuan New Green Medicine Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Pengzhou 610081, P. R. China
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11
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Bruland T, Østvik AE, Sandvik AK, Hansen MD. Host-Viral Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910851. [PMID: 34639191 PMCID: PMC8509287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During the early stages of viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated, leading to the rapid release of cytokines and the subsequent initiation of downstream responses including inflammation. Previously, intestinal viruses were thought to be either detrimental or neutral to the host. However, persisting viruses may have a role as resident commensals and confer protective immunity during inflammation. On the other hand, the dysregulation of gut mucosal immune responses to viruses can trigger excessive, pathogenic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss virus-induced innate immune responses that are at play in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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12
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Peng Y, Yan Y, Wan P, Chen C, Chen D, Zeng X, Cao Y. Prebiotic effects in vitro of anthocyanins from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murray on gut microbiota compositions of feces from healthy human and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Li DP, Cui M, Tan F, Liu XY, Yao P. High Red Meat Intake Exacerbates Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Altering Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:646819. [PMID: 34355008 PMCID: PMC8329097 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.646819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious hazard to public health, but the precise etiology of the disease is unclear. High intake of red meat diet is closely related to the occurrence of IBD. In this study, we investigated whether the high intake of red meat can increase the sensitivity of colitis and the underlying mechanism. Mice were fed with different levels of red meat for 8 weeks and then the colonic contents were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Then 3% dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce colitis in mice. We observed the severity of colitis and inflammatory cytokines. We found that high-dose red meat caused intestinal microbiota disorder, reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Faecalibaculum, Blautia and Dubosiella, and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. This in turn leads to an increase in colitis and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, we found that high red meat intake impaired the colon barrier integrity and decreased the expression of ZO-1, claudin, and occludin. We also found high red meat intake induced the production of more inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 and inflammatory inducible enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. These results suggest that we should optimize the diet and reduce the intake of red meat to prevent the occurrence of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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14
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Nutrition Strategy and Life Style in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072452. [PMID: 34371961 PMCID: PMC8308732 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present an extensive narrative review of the broadly understood modifications to the lifestyles of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The PubMed database was analyzed, combining PCOS entries with causes, diseases, diet supplementation, lifestyle, physical activity, and use of herbs. The metabolic pathways leading to disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate, and hormonal metabolism in targeted patients are described. The article refers to sleep disorders, changes in mental health parameters, and causes of oxidative stress and inflammation. These conditions consistently lead to the occurrence of severe diseases in patients suffering from diabetes, the fatty degeneration of internal organs, infertility, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, dysbiosis, and cancer. The modification of lifestyles, diet patterns and proper selection of nutrients, pharmacological and natural supplementation in the form of herbs, and physical activity have been proposed. The progress and consequences of PCOS are largely modifiable and depend on the patient’s approach, although we have to take into account also the genetic determinants.
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Mocanu V, Park H, Dang J, Hotte N, Thiesen A, Laffin M, Wang H, Birch D, Madsen K. Timing of Tributyrin Supplementation Differentially Modulates Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbial Recolonization Following Murine Ileocecal Resection. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062069. [PMID: 34204288 PMCID: PMC8233937 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgery imparts dramatic and lasting imbalances, or dysbiosis, to the composition of finely tuned microbial ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to use a mouse ileocecal resection (ICR) model to determine if tributyrin (TBT) supplementation could prevent the onset of microbial dysbiosis or alternatively enhance the recovery of the gut microbiota and reduce gastrointestinal inflammation. METHODS Male wild-type (129 s1/SvlmJ) mice aged 8-15 weeks were separated into single cages and randomized 1:1:1:1 to each of the four experimental groups: control (CTR), preoperative TBT supplementation (PRE), postoperative TBT supplementation (POS), and combined pre- and postoperative supplementation (TOT). ICR was performed one week from baseline assessment with mice assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Primary outcomes included evaluating changes to gut microbial communities occurring from ICR to 4 weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 mice that underwent ICR (CTR n = 9; PRE n = 10; POS n = 9; TOT n = 6) and reached the primary endpoint were included in the analysis. Postoperative TBT supplementation was associated with an increased recolonization and abundance of anaerobic taxa including Bacteroides thetaiotomicorn, Bacteroides caecimuris, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Clostridia. The microbial recolonization of PRE mice was characterized by a bloom of aerotolerant organisms including Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Enteroccaceae, and Peptostreptococcacea. PRE mice had a trend towards decreased ileal inflammation as evidenced by decreased levels of IL-1β (p = 0.09), IL-6 (p = 0.03), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) compared with mice receiving TBT postoperatively. In contrast, POS mice had trends towards reduced colonic inflammation demonstrated by decreased levels of IL-6 (p = 0.07) and TNF-α (p = 0.07). These changes occurred in the absence of changes to fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations or histologic injury scoring. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our work demonstrate that the timing of tributyrin supplementation differentially modulates gastrointestinal inflammation and gut microbial recolonization following murine ICR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.D.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Heekuk Park
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Jerry Dang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.D.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.D.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.D.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.D.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Karen Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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16
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The Relationship between Mucins and Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091935. [PMID: 33946184 PMCID: PMC8125602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of glycosylated proteins which are the primary constituents of mucus and play a dynamic role in the regulation of the protective mucosal barriers throughout the human body. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) characterised by continuous inflammation of the inner layer of the large intestine, and in this systematic review we analyse currently available data to determine whether alterations exist in mucin activity in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Database searches were conducted to identify studies published between 1990 and 2020 that assess the role of mucins in cohorts of UC patients, where biopsy specimens were resected for analysis and control groups were included for comparison. 5497 articles were initially identified and of these 14 studies were systematically selected for analysis, a further 2 articles were identified through citation chaining. Therefore, 16 studies were critically reviewed. 13 of these studies assessed the role of MUC2 in UC and the majority of articles indicated that alterations in MUC2 structure or synthesis had an impact on the colonic mucosa, although conflicting results were presented regarding MUC2 expression. This review highlights the importance of further research to enhance our understanding of mucin regulation in UC and summarises data that may inform future studies.
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17
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Profiling Colorectal Cancer in the Landscape Personalized Testing-Advantages of Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094327. [PMID: 33919272 PMCID: PMC8122648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-specific therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer (CRC) have contributed to significant improvements in patient health. Nevertheless, there is still a great need to improve the personalization of treatments based on genetic and epigenetic tumor profiles to maximize the quality and efficacy while limiting cytotoxicity. Currently, CEA and CA 19-9 are the only validated blood biomarkers in clinical practice. For this reason, laboratories are trying to identify new specific prognostics and, more importantly, predictive biomarkers for CRC patient profiling. Thus, the unique landscape of personalized biomarker data should have a clinical impact on CRC treatment strategies and molecular genetic screening tests should become the standard method for diagnosing CRC. This review concentrates on recent molecular testing in CRC and discusses the potential modifications in CRC assay methodology with the upcoming clinical application of novel genomic approaches. While mechanisms for analyzing circulating tumor DNA have been proven too inaccurate, detecting and analyzing circulating tumor cells and protein analysis of exosomes represent more promising options. Blood liquid biopsy offers good prospects for the future if the results align with pathologists’ tissue analyses. Overall, early detection, accurate diagnosis and treatment monitoring for CRC with specific markers and targeted molecular testing may benefit many patients.
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Đanić M, Pavlović N, Stanimirov B, Lazarević S, Vukmirović S, Al-Salami H, Mikov M. PAMPA model of gliclazide permeability: The impact of probiotic bacteria and bile acids. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105668. [PMID: 33301903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and bile acids possess the ability to modify absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of numerous drugs. Since the variability of gliclazide response in patients cannot be explained only by genetic factors, the influence of gut microbiota and bile acids should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria and bile acids on the gliclazide permeability. The permeability of gliclazide with and without probiotic bacteria and bile acids (cholic acid, CA and deoxycholic acid, DCA) was tested using in vitro PAMPA model, at three different pH values (5.8, 6.5 and 7.4). Concentrations of gliclazide were determined by HPLC analysis. The interactions of gliclazide and bile acids were also investigated by molecular mechanics calculations (MM2). Probiotic bacteria significantly increased the permeability of gliclazide across the PAMPA membrane at all observed pH values while the total amount of gliclazide during incubation with bacteria was significantly reduced at pH 7.4, which could be a consequence of partial metabolism of the drug by enzymes of probiotic bacteria. Bile acids decreased the permeability of gliclazide through PAMPA membrane, with more pronounced effects of DCA, by forming more stable complexes with gliclazide. Given that probiotic bacteria and bile acids are naturally present in the gut and that each individual has a specific bacterial fingerprint, future research should extend the explanation of their effect on the gliclazide bioavailability and therapy individualization in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, B305, Bentley WA 6102, Perth, Australia.
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
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Manandhar I, Alimadadi A, Aryal S, Munroe PB, Joe B, Cheng X. Gut microbiome-based supervised machine learning for clinical diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G328-G337. [PMID: 33439104 PMCID: PMC8828266 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00360.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of various diagnostic tests for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), misdiagnosis of IBD occurs frequently, and thus, there is a clinical need to further improve the diagnosis of IBD. As gut dysbiosis is reported in patients with IBD, we hypothesized that supervised machine learning (ML) could be used to analyze gut microbiome data for predictive diagnostics of IBD. To test our hypothesis, fecal 16S metagenomic data of 729 subjects with IBD and 700 subjects without IBD from the American Gut Project were analyzed using five different ML algorithms. Fifty differential bacterial taxa were identified [linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe): linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score > 3] between the IBD and non-IBD groups, and ML classifications trained with these taxonomic features using random forest (RF) achieved a testing area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of ∼0.80. Next, we tested if operational taxonomic units (OTUs), instead of bacterial taxa, could be used as ML features for diagnostic classification of IBD. Top 500 high-variance OTUs were used for ML training, and an improved testing AUC of ∼0.82 (RF) was achieved. Lastly, we tested if supervised ML could be used for differentiating Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Using 331 CD and 141 UC samples, 117 differential bacterial taxa (LEfSe: LDA score > 3) were identified, and the RF model trained with differential taxonomic features or high-variance OTU features achieved a testing AUC > 0.90. In summary, our study demonstrates the promising potential of artificial intelligence via supervised ML modeling for predictive diagnostics of IBD using gut microbiome data.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates the promising potential of artificial intelligence via supervised machine learning modeling for predictive diagnostics of different types of inflammatory bowel diseases using fecal gut microbiome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Manandhar
- 1Bioinformatics & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Program in Physiological Genomics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- 1Bioinformatics & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Program in Physiological Genomics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sachin Aryal
- 1Bioinformatics & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Program in Physiological Genomics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- 2Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute &
National Institute of Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts
and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bina Joe
- 1Bioinformatics & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Program in Physiological Genomics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- 1Bioinformatics & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Program in Physiological Genomics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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20
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An evaluation of the effects of probiotics on tumoral necrosis factor (TNF-α) signaling and gene expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:27-38. [PMID: 33162326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for functional foods containing probiotics has been growing due to numerous benefits they provide to health, such as modulation of the immune system and of the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α. However, the mechanisms of actions of the probiotics responsible for this inhibition have not been completely explained so far. A better understanding of the interaction between probiotics and cell signaling pathways related to inflammatory processes shall help to prevent inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, the aim of this revision is to help understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics in cell signaling pathways that regulate TNF-α expression. Probiotics might act at different points of the MAPK pathway, on NF-kB, on proteasome activity, on Toll-like receptors, and on their regulators and stimuli. The present revision reaches the conclusion that probiotics act through multiple mechanisms, especially by inhibiting IkB phosphorylation and degradation, thus preventing the translocation of NF-kB. Effects are also shown to be strain-specific, and probiotics of the genus Lactobacillus are proved to play and essential role in anti-inflammatory activity.
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21
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Liu J, Zheng Z, Li Q, Wang H, Chen Z, Wang K. Identification of the core active structure of a Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide and its protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109641. [PMID: 33233220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been claimed that Dendrobium officinale applied as a functional food in China for centuries derived from the excellent anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we aim to investigate the core structure of a Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) based on the linear structural features by a specific endo-β-1,4-mannanase which was required for the protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Structure characterization revealed that enzymatic fragment contained the core domain (EDOP) which was composed of glucose and mannose in the molar ratio of 1.00:4.76, and consisted of (1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp and (1 → 4)-β-D-Manp with some attached 2-O-acetylated groups. In colitis mice, both DOP and EDOP could dramatically attenuate the clinical signs via blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and their related mRNA), restoring the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), activating the G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) and modulating the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is currently considered to be an important factor affecting colitis. The treatment of DOP and EDOP could recall the diversity of gut microbiota and modulate the abundance of the gut microbiota, including increasing the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae and reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria. Our findings have suggested that EDOP, as a core domain of DOP, retained similar structural features together with anti-inflammatory activity with DOP, and they could be potentially applied as natural candidates in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - HongJing Wang
- Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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22
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Tang W, Huang Y, Shi P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xue A, Tang Z, Hu W, Sun H, Zhang P, Zheng C, Shi J, Wang S, Qiu X, Lu X, Miao S, Meng Y. Effect of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition on the Disease Process, Nutrition Status, and Gastrointestinal Microbiota for Chinese Children With Crohn's Disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:826-838. [PMID: 32510616 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to prospectively study the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) treatment on Chinese pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients. METHODS Thirty-one newly diagnosed CD patients were enrolled in this study and treated with EEN for 8 weeks. Twelve healthy controls (HCs) donated their fecal samples. Statistical methods were used to compare the differences. RESULTS According to the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD) at the end of the EEN treatment, 21 patients with SES-CD ≤4 were classified into the remission group (CD-RE), and 10 patients with SES-CD >4 were classified into the nonremission group (CD-NRE). After EEN therapy, there was a significant decrease in the SES-CD, the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI), and fecal calprotectin (FCP) in the CD-RE group (all P < .001). The wPCDAI and FCP also decreased in the CD-NRE group (both P < .05). In terms of nutrition improvement, the CD-RE group patients showed more improvement in weight gain, hemoglobin, and serum albumin level than the CD-NRE group patients (all P < .05). For the microbiota, the CD patients had a lower bacterial diversity and different bacterial community compared with HCs. EEN increased overall diversity and was able to shift the dysbiosis in CD patients toward a healthier state. Absence of improvement in wPCDAI and Shannon index at 2 weeks predicts poor response at the end of EEN. CONCLUSION EEN can be used in most Chinese pediatric CD patients to induce remission and improve nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Medical Statistics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuna Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Transcriptomic profiles reveal differences in zinc metabolism, inflammation, and tight junction proteins in duodenum from cholesterol gallstone subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7448. [PMID: 32366946 PMCID: PMC7198580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol Gallstone Disease (GSD) is a common multifactorial disorder characterized by crystallization and aggregation of biliary cholesterol in the gallbladder. The global prevalence of GSD is ~10–20% in the adult population but rises to 28% in Chile (17% among men and 30% among women). The small intestine may play a role in GSD pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. Our aim was to identify the role of the small intestine in GSD pathogenesis. Duodenal biopsy samples were obtained from patients with GSD and healthy volunteers. GSD status was defined by abdominal ultrasonography. We performed a transcriptome study in a discovery cohort using Illumina HiSeq. 2500, and qPCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to validate differentially expressed genes among additional case-control cohorts. 548 differentially expressed genes between GSD and control subjects were identified. Enriched biological processes related to cellular response to zinc, and immune and antimicrobial responses were observed in GSD patients. We validated lower transcript levels of metallothionein, NPC1L1 and tight junction genes and higher transcript levels of genes involved in immune and antimicrobial pathways in GSD patients. Interestingly, serum zinc and phytosterol to cholesterol precursor ratios were lower in GSD patients. A significant association was observed between serum zinc and phytosterol levels. Our results support a model where proximal small intestine plays a key role in GSD pathogenesis. Zinc supplementation, modulation of proximal microbiota and/or intestinal barrier may be novel targets for strategies to prevent GSD.
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Matijašić M, Meštrović T, Paljetak HČ, Perić M, Barešić A, Verbanac D. Gut Microbiota beyond Bacteria-Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2668. [PMID: 32290414 PMCID: PMC7215374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem associated with many beneficial physiological functions as well as numerous disease etiologies. Dominated by bacteria, the microbiota also includes commensal populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. Unlike bacterial microbiota, which was extensively studied in the past two decades, these non-bacterial microorganisms, their functional roles, and their interaction with one another or with host immune system have not been as widely explored. This review covers the recent findings on the non-bacterial communities of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in health and disease, with particular focus on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Matijašić
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Hana Čipčić Paljetak
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Perić
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Barešić
- Division of Electronics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3669-3689. [PMID: 32067099 PMCID: PMC7669818 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, GBRS or its synbiotic combination. After 7 days supplementation, colitis was induced by adding 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days while continuing the supplemented diets. Animal health was monitored and after 14 days all animals were sacrificed to measure the biochemical and histochemical changes associated with each supplement type. Results The disease activity index and histological damage score for DSS-control mice (6.1, 17.1, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy mice. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated these markers (− 67%, − 94% respectively) more adequately than B. coagulans (− 52%, − 58% respectively) or GBRS (− 57%, − 26%, respectively) alone. Compared to DSS-control synbiotic supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) maintained expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, synbiotic effects accounted for ~ 40% suppression of IL-1β and ~ 29% increase in IL-10 levels in serum while also reducing C-reactive protein (− 37%) compared to that of the DSS-control. While, B. coagulans alone could not induce additional levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beyond the caecum, the synbiotic combination with GBRS resulted in substantial increased SCFA levels across the whole length of the colon. Conclusion The synbiotic supplementation with B. coagulans and GBRS ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental IBD model via synergistic functioning. This supports researching its application in mitigating inflammation in human IBD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02200-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
Objective: The metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are of interest to scientists. The objective of this review was to provide an updated summary of progress regarding the microbiota and their metabolites and influences on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data sources: The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January 2018, using various combinations of search terms, including IBD, microbiota, and metabolite. Study selection: Both clinical studies and animal studies of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in IBD were selected. The information explaining the possible pathogenesis of microbiota in IBD was organized. Results: In IBD patients, the biodiversity of feces/mucosa-associated microbiota is decreased, and the probiotic microbiota is also decreased, whereas the pathogenic microbiota are increased. The gut microbiota may be a target for diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Substantial amounts of data support the view that the microbiota and their metabolites play pivotal roles in IBD by affecting intestinal permeability and the immune response. Conclusions: This review highlights the advances in recent gut microbiota research and clarifies the importance of the gut microbiota in IBD pathogenesis. Future research is needed to study the function of altered bacterial community compositions and the roles of metabolites.
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Nutrition - facts and myths. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:497-510. [PMID: 31639089 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Taking responsibility for your life, among other factors, means also considering what to eat and which nutrition pattern to follow. Everyone needs to think about what they put on the plate and which ingredients should be avoided. Food, as such, will never be a drug or medication, like a painkilling tablet relieving pain in a short amount of time, for example. However, proper nutrition is our ally in the prevention of diseases, maintaining balance in our body and our mind. By following the main principles of a healthy diet, the physiological homeostasis can be managed, as well as faster recovery from disease achieved. This review is aimed at summarizing basic principles of nutrition recommendations and at empowering stakeholders (pharmacists, medical biochemists, physicians) to be able to communicate to their patients and customers healthy and sustainable nutrition choices through the personalized advice.
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Khan I, Ullah N, Zha L, Bai Y, Khan A, Zhao T, Che T, Zhang C. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030126. [PMID: 31412603 PMCID: PMC6789542 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic complex inflammatory gut pathological condition, examples of which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with significant morbidity. Although the etiology of IBD is unknown, gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) is considered a novel factor involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. The gut microbiota acts as a metabolic organ and contributes to human health by performing various physiological functions; deviation in the gut flora composition is involved in various disease pathologies, including IBD. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of gut microbiota alteration in IBD and how this contributes to intestinal inflammation, as well as explore the potential role of gut microbiota-based treatment approaches for the prevention and treatment of IBD. The current literature has clearly demonstrated a perturbation of the gut microbiota in IBD patients and mice colitis models, but a clear causal link of cause and effect has not yet been presented. In addition, gut microbiota-based therapeutic approaches have also shown good evidence of their effects in the amelioration of colitis in animal models (mice) and IBD patients, which indicates that gut flora might be a new promising therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD. However, insufficient data and confusing results from previous studies have led to a failure to define a core microbiome associated with IBD and the hidden mechanism of pathogenesis, which suggests that well-designed randomized control trials and mouse models are required for further research. In addition, a better understanding of this ecosystem will also determine the role of prebiotics and probiotics as therapeutic agents in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ashiq Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ilan Y. Why targeting the microbiome is not so successful: can randomness overcome the adaptation that occurs following gut manipulation? Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:209-217. [PMID: 31190948 PMCID: PMC6514118 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s203823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is explored as a potential target for therapy of bowel and systemic diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has demonstrated efficacy in Clostridium difficile infection. However, clinical results regarding other diseases are modest, despite the abundant research on the microbiome over the last decade. Both high rate variability of the microbiome and adaptation to gut manipulations may underlie the lack of ultimate effects of FMT, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, which are aimed at restoring a healthier microbiome. The present review discusses the inherent variability of the microbiome and multiple factors that affect its diversity, as possible causes of the adaptation of the gut microbiome to chronic manipulation. The potential use of randomness is proposed, as a means of overcoming the adaptation and of restoring some of the inherent variability, with the goal of improving the long-term efficacy of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Leskovar D, Meštrović T, Barešić A, Kraljević I, Panek M, Čipčić Paljetak H, Perić M, Matijašić M, Rogić D, Barišić A, Ljubas Kelečić D, Vranešić Bender D, Krznarić Ž, Verbanac D. The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Assessing Therapeutic and Preventive Potential of Supplementation and Food Fortification. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 56:455-463. [PMID: 30923443 PMCID: PMC6399717 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect gastrointestinal tract due to inapt and continuous immune activation in response to a myriad of predisposing factors (most notably genetics, environmental impact and gut microbiota composition). It has been shown that vitamin D status can also play a role in the disease pathogenesis, as its deficiency is commonly observed in two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Mounting evidence supports the concept of intricate relationship between gut dysbiosis and vitamin D metabolism, while suboptimal levels of this vitamin have been linked to increased clinical disease relapse rates, inadequate response to drugs, as well as decreased quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Consequently, the pertinent question is whether increased vitamin D supplementation and (on a population level) food fortification may bring significant benefit to the affected individuals. In this short review we discuss the synthesis, functions, status and food sources of vitamin D, appraise biotechnological facets of vitamin D status analysis and food fortification, and concentrate on novel developments in the field that describe its influence on intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Leskovar
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Anja Barešić
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Kraljević
- University Hospital Centre, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Panek
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mihaela Perić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Matijašić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- University Hospital Centre, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Barišić
- University Hospital Centre, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Željko Krznarić
- University Hospital Centre, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Abdoli A. Therapeutic Potential of Helminths and Helminth-Derived Antigens for Resolution of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:58-59. [PMID: 30879759 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and treatment of IBD mainly targets on inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. Helminth-based therapy is a novel strategy for resolution of inflammation in IBD, because helminths have great immunomodulatory properties. Helminth-based therapy may be efficacious as a vaccine for patients with IBD. This article is a highlight on the therapeutic potential of helminths in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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32
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Dudek-Wicher RK, Junka A, Bartoszewicz M. The influence of antibiotics and dietary components on gut microbiota. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2018; 13:85-92. [PMID: 30002765 PMCID: PMC6040098 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2018.76005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. It exerts important metabolic functions, and regulates the inflammatory response by stimulating the immune system. Gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) has been linked to important human diseases and inflammation-related disorders. The symbiotic interactions between resident microorganisms and the gastrointestinal tract significantly contribute to maintaining gut homeostasis. The present review summarizes our knowledge regarding the impact of different antibiotics causing such long-term consequences as decreased microbial diversity, modulation of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Clostridium difficile overgrowth, and increased expansion of the opportunistic pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia spp., and Klebsiella spp. Also, food additives, such as emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners, which are meant to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes, may actually increase the risk of diseases due to microbial alterations. On the other hand, dietary components such as polyphenols, omega-3 acids or curcumin may positively affect gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K Dudek-Wicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Spanier B, Rohm F. Proton Coupled Oligopeptide Transporter 1 (PepT1) Function, Regulation, and Influence on the Intestinal Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:843-869. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Methodology challenges in studying human gut microbiota - effects of collection, storage, DNA extraction and next generation sequencing technologies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5143. [PMID: 29572539 PMCID: PMC5865204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The information on microbiota composition in the human gastrointestinal tract predominantly originates from the analyses of human faeces by application of next generation sequencing (NGS). However, the detected composition of the faecal bacterial community can be affected by various factors including experimental design and procedures. This study evaluated the performance of different protocols for collection and storage of faecal samples (native and OMNIgene.GUT system) and bacterial DNA extraction (MP Biomedicals, QIAGEN and MO BIO kits), using two NGS platforms for 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Ilumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent PGM). OMNIgene.GUT proved as a reliable and convenient system for collection and storage of faecal samples although favouring Sutterella genus. MP provided superior DNA yield and quality, MO BIO depleted Gram positive organisms while using QIAGEN with OMNIgene.GUT resulted in greatest variability compared to other two kits. MiSeq and IT platforms in their supplier recommended setups provided comparable reproducibility of donor faecal microbiota. The differences included higher diversity observed with MiSeq and increased capacity of MiSeq to detect Akkermansia muciniphila, [Odoribacteraceae], Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae (primarily Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). The results of our study could assist the investigators using NGS technologies to make informed decisions on appropriate tools for their experimental pipelines.
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Effects of Melatonin on Intestinal Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Colitis Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2607679. [PMID: 29546052 PMCID: PMC5818891 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2607679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and intestinal bacteria community in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two treatments: mice with colitis induced by 5% DSS (DSS group) and mice with colitis induced by 5% DSS that also received melatonin treatment (MEL group). The DSS group showed significantly less antioxidant capability than the MEL group, but the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of diversity index (Shannon and Simpson), bacterial culture abundance (Chao1 and ACE), and coverage (Good's coverage estimator). Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phylum in the DSS group (58.93%), followed by Firmicutes with 31.46% and Proteobacteria with 7.97%. In contrast, Firmicutes were the most abundant in the MEL group (49.48%), followed by Bacteroidetes with 41.63% and Proteobacteria with 7.50%. The results support the use of melatonin for prevention of intestinal bowel disease due to its modulatory effect on antioxidant capability and microbiota in mice with colitis. Melatonin was demonstrated to improve the oxidative stress resistance of mice with colitis and regulate the intestinal microbial flora, thus improving intestinal health.
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36
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Wiley NC, Dinan TG, Ross RP, Stanton C, Clarke G, Cryan JF. The microbiota-gut-brain axis as a key regulator of neural function and the stress response: Implications for human and animal health. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3225-3246. [PMID: 28727115 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut-microbiota axis comprises an extensive communication network between the brain, the gut, and the microbiota residing there. Development of a diverse gut microbiota is vital for multiple features of behavior and physiology, as well as many fundamental aspects of brain structure and function. Appropriate early-life assembly of the gut microbiota is also believed to play a role in subsequent emotional and cognitive development. If the composition, diversity, or assembly of the gut microbiota is impaired, this impairment can have a negative impact on host health and lead to disorders such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and even potentially neuropsychiatric illnesses, including anxiety and depression. Therefore, much research effort in recent years has focused on understanding the potential of targeting the intestinal microbiota to prevent and treat such disorders. This review aims to explore the influence of the gut microbiota on host neural function and behavior, particularly those of relevance to stress-related disorders. The involvement of microbiota in diverse neural functions such as myelination, microglia function, neuronal morphology, and blood-brain barrier integrity across the life span, from early life to adolescence to old age, will also be discussed. Nurturing an optimal gut microbiome may also prove beneficial in animal science as a means to manage stressful situations and to increase productivity of farm animals. The implications of these observations are manifold, and researchers are hopeful that this promising body of preclinical work can be successfully translated to the clinic and beyond.
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Harnett MM, Harnett W. Can Parasitic Worms Cure the Modern World's Ills? Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:694-705. [PMID: 28606411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing recognition that the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmunity in the industrialised and developing worlds shadows the rapid eradication of pathogens, such as parasitic helminths. Appreciation of this has fuelled an explosion in research investigating the therapeutic potential of these worms. This review considers the current state-of-play with a particular focus on exciting recent advances in the identification of potential novel targets for immunomodulation that can be exploited therapeutically. Furthermore, we contemplate the prospects for designing worm-derived immunotherapies for an ever-widening range of inflammatory diseases, including, for example, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and ageing as well as neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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38
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Cao B, Zhou X, Ma J, Zhou W, Yang W, Fan D, Hong L. Role of MiRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1426-1438. [PMID: 28391412 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite improvements in detection, drug treatment and surgery, the pathogenesis of IBD has not been clarified. A number of miRNAs have been found to be involved in the initiation, development and progression of IBD, and they may have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we have summarized the recent advances about the roles of miRNAs in IBD and analyzed the contribution of miRNAs to general diagnosis, differential diagnosis and activity judgment of IBD. Furthermore, we have also elaborated the promising role of miRNAs in IBD-related cancer prevention and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- The First Brigade of Student, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The First Brigade of Student, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Bazett M, Biala A, Huff RD, Zeglinksi MR, Hansbro PM, Bosiljcic M, Gunn H, Kalyan S, Hirota JA. Attenuating immune pathology using a microbial-based intervention in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Respir Res 2017; 18:92. [PMID: 28506308 PMCID: PMC5433159 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke exposure is the major risk factor for developing COPD. Presently, available COPD treatments focus on suppressing inflammation and providing bronchodilation. However, these options have varying efficacy in controlling symptoms and do not reverse or limit the progression of COPD. Treatments strategies using bacterial-derived products have shown promise in diseases characterized by inflammation and immune dysfunction. This study investigated for the first time whether a novel immunotherapy produced from inactivated Klebsiella (hereafter referred to as KB) containing all the major Klebsiella macromolecules, could attenuate cigarette smoke exposure-induced immune responses. We hypothesized that KB, by re-directing damaging immune responses, would attenuate cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and bronchoalveolar (BAL) cytokine and chemokine production. Methods KB was administered via a subcutaneous injection prophylactically before initiating a 3-week acute nose-only cigarette smoke exposure protocol. Control mice received placebo injection and room air. Total BAL and differential cell numbers were enumerated. BAL and serum were analysed for 31 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Lung tissue and blood were analysed for Ly6CHI monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Body weight and clinical scores were recorded throughout the experiment. Results We demonstrate that KB treatment attenuated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation as shown by reductions in levels of BAL IFNγ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL5, IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-17. KB additionally attenuated the quantity of BAL lymphocytes and macrophages. In parallel to the attenuation of lung inflammation, KB induced a systemic immune activation with increases in Ly6CHI monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Conclusions This is the first demonstration that subcutaneous administration of a microbial-based immunotherapy can attenuate cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, and modulate BAL lymphocyte and macrophage levels, while inducing a systemic immune activation and mobilization. These data provide a foundation for future studies exploring how KB may be used to either reverse or prevent progression of established emphysema and small airways disease associated with chronic cigarette smoke exposure. The data suggest the intriguing possibility that KB, which stimulates rather than suppresses systemic immune responses, might be a novel means by which the course of COPD pathogenesis may be altered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0577-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bazett
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5T 4T5
| | - Agnieszka Biala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Ryan D Huff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Matthew R Zeglinksi
- iCORD Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M5
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hal Gunn
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5T 4T5
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5T 4T5.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, CeMCOR, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6. .,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 4A6.
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Altered Cytokine Expression and Barrier Properties after In Vitro Infection of Porcine Epithelial Cells with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Probiotic Enterococcus faecium. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2748192. [PMID: 28607532 PMCID: PMC5457759 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2748192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of the probiotic feed additive Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) during an in vitro challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Cells were incubated with E. faecium, ETEC, or both, and the effects on barrier function and structure and intra- and intercellular signaling were determined. Coincubation with E. faecium abolished the ETEC-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (Rt) (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were seen in the expression levels of the intercellular connecting tight junction proteins examined. However, for the first time, a reorganization of the monolayer was observed in ETEC-infected cells but not in coincubated cells. ETEC induced an increase in cytotoxicity that was prevented by coincubation (p ≤ 0.05), whereas apoptosis rates were not affected by bacterial treatment. ETEC increased the mRNA expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 which could be prevented by coincubation for TNF-α mRNA expression and IL-6 protein (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, cAMP concentrations elevated by ETEC were reduced in coincubated cells (p ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate a protective effect of the probiotic E. faecium on inflammatory responses during infection with ETEC.
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Weingarden AR, Vaughn BP. Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:238-252. [PMID: 28609251 PMCID: PMC5479396 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1290757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex set of diseases that lead to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology of IBD is not fully understood, it is well-known that the intestinal microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of IBD. Manipulation of the gut microbiota, therefore, may represent a target for IBD therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), where fecal microbiota from a healthy donor is transplanted into a patient's GI tract, is already a successful therapy for Clostridium difficile infection. FMT is currently being explored as a potential therapy for IBD as well. In this review, the associations between the gut microbiota and IBD and the emerging data on FMT for IBD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Weingarden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Byron P. Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,CONTACT Byron P. Vaughn 420 Delaware street SE, MMC36, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Seo S, Shin JS, Lee WS, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Anti-colitis effect of Lactobacillus sakei K040706 via suppression of inflammatory responses in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice model. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Moreno FJ, Corzo N, Montilla A, Villamiel M, Olano A. Current state and latest advances in the concept, production and functionality of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Shimoyama T, Kuriyama M. Dietary and enteral interventions for Crohn's disease. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 44:69-73. [PMID: 27940405 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely acknowledged that the intestinal bacterial flora together with genetic predisposing factors significantly contribute to the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as reflected by mucosal immune dysregulation. Recently, there has been an increased interest in nutraceutical therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Other dietary interventions with low carbohydrate diet, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and glutamine have been attempted to downregulate the gut inflammatory response and thereby alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. Enteral nutrition has been widely used as induction and maintenance therapies in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). In this review, a critical assessment of the results of clinical trial outcomes and meta-analyses was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary and enteral interventions for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Shimoyama
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Moeko Kuriyama
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
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Pellegatta T, Saler M, Bonfanti V, Nicoletti G, Faga A. Novel perspectives on the role of the human microbiota in regenerative medicine and surgery. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:519-524. [PMID: 27882211 PMCID: PMC5103662 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic surgery is transitioning from a fine craftsmanship to a regenerative science. In wound healing, the role of microorganisms is no longer considered to be just counteracting, but also promoting. Furthermore, host-microbe interactions are essential for numerous aspects of normal mammalian physiology, from metabolic activity to immune homeostasis. Each area of the human body hosts a unique microbial community, and the composition of microbiota is dependent on the host, age and the anatomical area, and it changes according to the characteristics of the microenvironment. Every squared centimeter of skin contains ~1 billion bacteria. The majority of microorganisms of the skin are commensal or temporary passing members. Skin flora mechanisms interacting or influencing the human physical skin barrier are not well defined. Resident skin bacteria provide the first line of defence against potentially dangerous pathogens and produce small molecules that influence their microbial neighbours. Furthermore, the microbiota activates and assists innate immunity and influences adaptive immunity. Various types of immune and non-immune cells contribute to wound healing. The proliferative phase of wound healing is inversely proportional to the extent of the post-traumatic inflammatory reaction. Topical bacterial lipopolysaccharide application markedly affects wound healing by accelerating the resolution of inflammation, increasing macrophage infiltration, enhancing collagen synthesis and altering the secretion of mediators involved in skin regeneration. Various studies have investigated the biological contents of thermal spring waters, and their anti-inflammatory and immune protective roles. In addition, the regenerative properties of thermal spring waters were analysed in an experimental animal wound model. The areas treated with thermal water healed faster than the areas treated with conventional dressings, and exhibited a collagen and elastic fiber network comparable with the normal skin. Thus, the microbial environment may be considered as a potential tool in regenerative medicine and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pellegatta
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
| | - Marco Saler
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
| | - Viola Bonfanti
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nicoletti
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Research and Care Institute, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
| | - Angela Faga
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Research and Care Institute, Pavia, I-27100 Lombardy, Italy
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Hsieh YH, Peterson CM, Raggio A, Keenan MJ, Martin RJ, Ravussin E, Marco ML. Impact of Different Fecal Processing Methods on Assessments of Bacterial Diversity in the Human Intestine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1643. [PMID: 27812352 PMCID: PMC5071325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota are integral to understanding the relationships between nutrition and health. Therefore, fecal sampling and processing protocols for metagenomic surveys should be sufficiently robust, accurate, and reliable to identify the microorganisms present. We investigated the use of different fecal preparation methods on the bacterial community structures identified in human stools. Complete stools were collected from six healthy individuals and processed according to the following methods: (i) randomly sampled fresh stool, (ii) fresh stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, (iii) randomly sampled frozen stool, and (iv) frozen stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, or (v) homogenized in a pneumatic mixer for either 10, 20, or 30 min. High-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 regions of bacterial community DNA extracted from the stools showed that the fecal microbiota remained distinct between individuals, independent of processing method. Moreover, the different stool preparation approaches did not alter intra-individual bacterial diversity. Distinctions were found at the level of individual taxa, however. Stools that were frozen and then homogenized tended to have higher proportions of Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium and decreased quantities of Oscillospira, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides compared to stools that were collected in small quantities and not mixed prior to DNA extraction. These findings indicate that certain taxa are at particular risk for under or over sampling due to protocol differences. Importantly, homogenization by any method significantly reduced the intra-individual variation in bacteria detected per stool. Our results confirm the robustness of fecal homogenization for microbial analyses and underscore the value of collecting and mixing large stool sample quantities in human nutrition intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, USA; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Anne Raggio
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge LA, USA
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge LA, USA
| | - Roy J Martin
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge LA, USA
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
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Nguyen HT, Truong DH, Kouhoundé S, Ly S, Razafindralambo H, Delvigne F. Biochemical Engineering Approaches for Increasing Viability and Functionality of Probiotic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E867. [PMID: 27271598 PMCID: PMC4926401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature presents a growing body of evidence demonstrating the positive effect of probiotics on health. Probiotic consumption levels are rising quickly in the world despite the fluctuation of their viability and functionality. Technological methods aiming at improving probiotic characteristics are thus highly wanted. However, microbial metabolic engineering toolbox is not available for this kind of application. On the other hand, basic microbiology teaches us that bacteria are able to exhibit adaptation to external stresses. It is known that adequately applied sub-lethal stress, i.e., controlled in amplitude and frequency at a given stage of the culture, is able to enhance microbial robustness. This property could be potentially used to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria, but some technical challenges still need to be overcome before any industrial implementation. This review paper investigates the different technical tools that can be used in order to define the proper condition for improving viability of probiotic bacteria and their implementation at the industrial scale. Based on the example of Bifidobacterium bifidum, potentialities for simultaneously improving viability, but also functionality of probiotics will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Natural Products and Industrial Biochemistry Research Group (NPIB), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Agro-biochem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Dieu-Hien Truong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Sonagnon Kouhoundé
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Agro-biochem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Sokny Ly
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Agro-biochem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- Food technology and Formulation, Agro-Biochem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Agro-biochem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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