1
|
Feng J, Liu L, Liu J, Wang J. Immunological alterations in the endothelial barrier: a new predictive and therapeutic paradigm for sepsis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38850066 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2366301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the fact incidence and mortality vary widely among regions, sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and cost worldwide. The importance of the endothelial barrier in sepsis and infectious diseases is increasingly recognized; however, the underlying pathophysiology of the endothelial barrier in sepsis remains poorly understood. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic and clinical research for relevant papers in PubMed database. We attempt to provide an updated overview of immunological alterations in endothelial dysfunction, discussing the central role of endothelial barrier involved in sepsis to provide new predictive and therapeutic paradigm for sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Given its physiological and immunological functions in infectious diseases, the endothelial barrier has been dramatically altered in sepsis, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Although many reliable biomarkers have been investigated to monitor endothelial activation and injury in an attempt to find diagnostic and therapeutic tools, there are no specific therapies to treat sepsis due to its complex pathophysiology. Since sepsis is initiated by both hyperinflammation and immunoparalysis occurring simultaneously, a 'one-treatment-fits-all' strategy for sepsis-induced immune injury and immunoparalysis is bound to fail, and an individualized 'precision medicine' approach is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junya Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang D, Lin Z, Su M, Zhou Y, Ma M, Li M. Revealing the role of Peg13: A promising therapeutic target for mitigating inflammation in sepsis. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230205. [PMID: 38856110 PMCID: PMC11151158 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of Peg13 in modulating the inflammatory response in sepsis, we established Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 293T cells and mouse models. Peg13 expression was assessed at various time points after infection using RT-qPCR. The levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified through ELISA. A total of 44 septic patients and 36 healthy participants were recruited to measure Peg13 and HMGB1 levels in the blood. Peg13 demonstrated significant down-regulation in the supernatant of LPS-induced 293T cells and in the blood of LPS-induced mice. Moreover, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines HMGB1 and IL-6 were elevated in both the supernatant of LPS-induced cell models and blood specimens from LPS-induced murine models, and this elevation could be notably reduced by Peg13 suppression. In a clinical context, Peg13 and HMGB1 levels were higher in septic patients compared to healthy subjects. Peg13 exhibited a negative correlation with HMGB1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) among septic patients. Peg13 mitigates the inflammatory response by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines HMGB1 and IL-6 in sepsis, presenting a potential therapeutic target for alleviating inflammation in sepsis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- dan Wang
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of general surgery, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meixia Su
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Ma
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pokhylko V, Cherniavska Y, Fishchuk L, Rossokha Z, Popova O, Vershyhora V, Ievseienkova O, Soloviova H, Zhuk L, Gorovenko N. Association of the C3953T (rs1143634) variant of the interleukin 1 beta gene with the features of a complicated course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:630. [PMID: 38720147 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 plays an important role in severe COVID-19. A change in IL-1 production may be associated with a mutation in the IL1Β gene. Our study analyzed the impact of the IL1Β gene variants (rs1143634) on disease progression in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, taking into account treatment strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS The study enrolled 117 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The IL1Β gene variants were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In the group of patients, the following genotype frequencies were found based on the investigated rs1143634 variant of the IL1Β gene: CC-65.8%, CT-28.2%, and TT-6.0%. Our results showed that the group of patients with the T allele of the IL1Β gene had higher leukocyte counts (p = 0.040) and more pronounced lymphopenia (p = 0.007). It was determined that patients carrying the T allele stayed on ventilators significantly longer (p = 0.049) and required longer treatment with corticosteroids (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Identifying variants of the IL1Β gene can be used as a predictive tool for assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Further research with a larger patient cohort is required to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liliia Fishchuk
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popova
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Vershyhora
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Ievseienkova
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amoafo EB, Entsie P, Kang Y, Canobbio I, Liverani E. Platelet P2Y 12 signalling pathway in the dysregulated immune response during sepsis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:532-546. [PMID: 37525937 PMCID: PMC10830899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complicated pathological condition in response to severe infection. It is characterized by a strong systemic inflammatory response, where multiple components of the immune system are involved. Currently, there is no treatment for sepsis. Blood platelets are known for their role in haemostasis, but they also participate in inflammation through cell-cell interaction and the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, an increase in platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation with other immune cells (such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils) has been detected in septic patients. Therefore, antiplatelet therapy in terms of P2Y12 antagonists has been evaluated as a possible treatment for sepis. It was found that blocking P2Y12 receptors decreased platelet marker expression and limited attachment to immune cells in some studies, but not in others. This review addresses the role of platelets in sepsis and discusses whether antagonizing P2Y12 signalling pathways can alter the disease outcome. Challenges in studying P2Y12 antagonists in sepsis also are discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non-thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Boadi Amoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Philomena Entsie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Root-Bernstein R. T-Cell Receptor Sequences Identify Combined Coxsackievirus- Streptococci Infections as Triggers for Autoimmune Myocarditis and Coxsackievirus- Clostridia Infections for Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1797. [PMID: 38339075 PMCID: PMC10855694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences expanded during human immunodeficiency virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections unexpectedly mimic these viruses. The hypothesis tested here is that TCR sequences expanded in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune myocarditis (AM) mimic the infectious triggers of these diseases. Indeed, TCR sequences mimicking coxsackieviruses, which are implicated as triggers of both diseases, are statistically significantly increased in both T1DM and AM patients. However, TCRs mimicking Clostridia antigens are significantly expanded in T1DM, whereas TCRs mimicking Streptococcal antigens are expanded in AM. Notably, Clostridia antigens mimic T1DM autoantigens, such as insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, whereas Streptococcal antigens mimic cardiac autoantigens, such as myosin and laminins. Thus, T1DM may be triggered by combined infections of coxsackieviruses with Clostridia bacteria, while AM may be triggered by coxsackieviruses with Streptococci. These TCR results are consistent with both epidemiological and clinical data and recent experimental studies of cross-reactivities of coxsackievirus, Clostridial, and Streptococcal antibodies with T1DM and AM antigens. These data provide the basis for developing novel animal models of AM and T1DM and may provide a generalizable method for revealing the etiologies of other autoimmune diseases. Theories to explain these results are explored.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang L, Kim TW, Han Y, Nair MS, Harschnitz O, Zhu J, Wang P, Koo SY, Lacko LA, Chandar V, Bram Y, Zhang T, Zhang W, He F, Pan C, Wu J, Huang Y, Evans T, van der Valk P, Titulaer MJ, Spoor JKH, Furler O'Brien RL, Bugiani M, D J Van de Berg W, Schwartz RE, Ho DD, Studer L, Chen S. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dopaminergic neuron senescence. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:196-211.e6. [PMID: 38237586 PMCID: PMC10843182 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients commonly present with signs of central nervous system and/or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. Here, we show that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are selectively susceptible and permissive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection of DA neurons triggers an inflammatory and cellular senescence response. High-throughput screening in hPSC-derived DA neurons identified several FDA-approved drugs that can rescue the cellular senescence phenotype by preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also identified the inflammatory and cellular senescence signature and low levels of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts in human substantia nigra tissue of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we observed reduced numbers of neuromelanin+ and tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH)+ DA neurons and fibers in a cohort of severe COVID-19 patients. Our findings demonstrate that hPSC-derived DA neurons are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, identify candidate neuroprotective drugs for COVID-19 patients, and suggest the need for careful, long-term monitoring of neurological problems in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program of Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Feng He
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chendong Pan
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem K H Spoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert L Furler O'Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J Van de Berg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai M, Ye H, Zhu X, Li X, Cai L, Jin J, Chen Q, Shi Y, Yang L, Wang L, Huang X. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Relieves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024; 47:209-226. [PMID: 37864659 PMCID: PMC10799097 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease without an effective drug at present. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was reported to be protective against inflammation in metabolic disease in recent studies. However, the role of FGF21 in ALI has been rarely investigated. In this study, it was found that the expression of FGF21 was markedly increased in lung tissue under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vivo, whereas it was decreased in lung epithelial cells under LPS stimulation in vitro. Therefore, our research aimed to elucidate the potential role of FGF21 in LPS-induced ALI and to detect possible underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that the deficiency of FGF21 aggravated pathological damage, inflammatory infiltration, and pulmonary function in LPS-induced ALI, while exogenous administration of FGF21 improved these manifestations. Moreover, through RNA sequencing and enrichment analysis, it was unveiled that FGF21 might play a protective role in LPS-induced ALI via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The therapeutic effect of FGF21 was weakened after additional usage of JAK2 activator in vivo. Further investigation revealed that FGF21 significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and impaired the nuclear translocation of STAT3 in vitro. In addition, the aggravation of inflammation caused by silencing FGF21 can be alleviated by JAK2 inhibitor in vitro. Collectively, these findings unveil a potent protective effect of FGF21 against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, implying that FGF21 might be a novel and effective therapy for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Ye
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhe Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38218783 PMCID: PMC10788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptably high, and there are still no effective targeted pharmacotherapeutic agents. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly. Comprehending the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARDS may thus be essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing mortality. To facilitate further understanding of its pathogenesis and exploring novel therapeutics, this review provides comprehensive information of ARDS from pathophysiology to molecular mechanisms and presents targeted therapeutics. We first describe the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS that involve dysregulated inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. Next, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the above four aspects of ARDS pathophysiology, along with the latest research progress. Finally, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies that show exciting promise in ARDS, including several pharmacologic therapies, microRNA-based therapies and mesenchymal stromal cell therapies, highlighting the pathophysiological basis and the influences on signal transduction pathways for their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Le
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge, Hunan Road, Gu Lou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Chen Y, Li D, Meng X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Fan H. Hemoadsorption in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review. Respir Res 2024; 25:27. [PMID: 38217010 PMCID: PMC10785465 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been widely used for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in recent years. However, the role of hemoadsorption in ARDS patients requiring VV ECMO is unclear. METHODS Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to describe the effect of hemoadsorption on outcomes of ARDS patients requiring VV ECMO and elucidate the risk factors for adverse outcomes. We conducted and reported a systematic literature review based on the principles derived from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The systematic review searched Embase, CINHAL, and Pubmed databases for studies on ARDS patients receiving hemoadsorption and VV ECMO. The demographic data, clinical data and biological data of the patients were collected. RESULTS We ultimately included a total of 8 articles including 189 patients. We characterized the population both clinically and biologically. Our review showed most studies described reductions in inflammatory markers and fluid resuscitation drug dosage in ARDS patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or sepsis after hemoadsorption. CONCLUSION Because most of the studies have the characteristics of high heterogeneity, we could only draw very cautious conclusions that hemoadsorption therapy may enhance hemodynamic stability in ARDS patients with COVID-19 or sepsis receiving VV ECMO support. However, our results do not allow us to draw conclusions that hemoadsorption could reduce inflammation and mortality. Prospective randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size are needed in the future to verify the role of hemoadsorption in ARDS patients requiring VV ECMO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Chen
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang B, Pan M, Feng K, Wu X, Yang F, Yang P. Identification of the feature genes involved in cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296030. [PMID: 38165854 PMCID: PMC10760774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening of feature genes involved in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) from the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). METHODS The data sets related to COVID-19 were retrieved using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to CRS were analyzed with R software and Venn diagram, and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved in DEGs were analyzed with GO and KEGG enrichment. Core genes were screened using Betweenness and MCC algorithms. GSE164805 and GSE171110 dataset were used to verify the expression level of core genes. Immunoinfiltration analysis was performed by ssGSEA algorithm in the GSVA package. The DrugBank database was used to analyze the feature genes for potential therapeutic drugs. RESULTS This study obtained 6950 DEGs, of which 971 corresponded with CRS disease genes (common genes). GO and KEGG enrichment showed that multiple biological processes and signaling pathways associated with common genes were closely related to the inflammatory response. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that transcription factors that regulate these common genes are also involved in inflammatory response. Betweenness and MCC algorithms were used for common gene screening, yielding seven key genes. GSE164805 and GSE171110 dataset validation revealed significant differences between the COVID-19 and normal controls in four core genes (feature genes), namely IL6R, TLR4, TLR2, and IFNG. The upregulated IL6R, TLR4, and TLR2 genes were mainly involved in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway of the inflammatory pathway, while the downregulated IFNG genes primarily participated in the necroptosis and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis indicated that higher expression of these genes was associated with immune cell infiltration that mediates inflammatory response. In addition, potential therapeutic drugs for these four feature genes were identified via the DrugBank database. CONCLUSION IL6R, TLR4, TLR2, and IFNG may be potential pathogenic genes and therapeutic targets for the CRS associated with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Meijun Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhong J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Li J, Kang L, Li X. CircFLNA/miR-214 modulates regulatory T cells by regulating PD-1 in acute lung injury induced by sepsis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2259131. [PMID: 37724530 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2259131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major complication of death from bacterial infection. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important regulators in addressing lung injury. Considering the extensive research of circular RNAs (circRNAs), the role of circRNA in Treg modulation during ARDS remains unclear. In this study, patients with sepsis-induced ARDS along with non-ARDS controls were obtained, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected as clinical samples. Additionally, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to construct a septic ARDS model, and lung tissues as well as peripheral blood were collected. mRNA expressions were measured by RT-qPCR. ELISA was carried out to measure the concentration of inflammatory factors. A combination of online bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter, and RND pull-down assays was performed to verify interactions between microRNA (miRNA) and circRNA/mRNA. Tregs were measured by flow cytometry. Our data suggested that circFLNA was aberrantly elevated in ARDS, and depletion of circFLNA upregulated CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and decreased inflammatory response. Additionally, miR-214-5p which binds with circFLNA, reversed circFLNA-induced effects in ARDS. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a downstream target gene of miR-214-5p, and abrogated the effects of miR-214-5p on regulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and inflammatory response. In a word, circFLNA/miR-214-5p/PD-1 signaling is a novel pathway that modulates Tregs in ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieying Li
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingkai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng Z, Zhou Y, Song Y, Ying P, Tan X. Genetic and immunological insights into COVID-19 with acute myocardial infarction: integrated analysis of mendelian randomization, transcriptomics, and clinical samples. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286087. [PMID: 38022594 PMCID: PMC10657900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, most deaths result from cardiovascular diseases, particularly ischemic heart disease. COVID-19 affects the heart, worsening existing heart conditions and causing myocardial injury. The mechanistic link between COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still being investigated to elucidate the underlying molecular perspectives. Methods Genetic risk assessment was conducted using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to determine the causality between COVID-19 and AMI. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning were used to discover and validate shared hub genes for the two diseases using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analyses were performed to characterize immune cell infiltration, communication, and immune correlation of the hub genes. To validate the findings, the expression patterns of hub genes were confirmed in clinical blood samples collected from COVID-19 patients with AMI. Results TSMR did not find evidence supporting a causal association between COVID-19 or severe COVID-19 and AMI. In the bulk RNA-seq discovery cohorts for both COVID-19 and AMI, WGCNA's intersection analysis and machine learning identified TLR4 and ABCA1 as significant hub genes, demonstrating high diagnostic and predictive value in the RNA-seq validation cohort. Single-gene GSEA and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) revealed immune and inflammatory roles for TLR4 and ABCA1, linked to various immune cell infiltrations. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis unveiled significant immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients, characterized by altered immune cell proportions, phenotypic shifts, enhanced cell-cell communication, and elevated TLR4 and ABCA1 in CD16 monocytes. Lastly, the increased expression of TLR4, but not ABCA1, was validated in clinical blood samples from COVID-19 patients with AMI. Conclusion No genetic causal link between COVID-19 and AMI and dysregulated TLR4 and ABCA1 may be responsible for the development of immune and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients with AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueran Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfei Song
- Ningbo Institute for Medicine &Biomedical Engineering Combined Innovation, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengxiang Ying
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva MJA, Silva CS, Marinho RL, Cabral JG, Gurrão EPDC, dos Santos PAS, Casseb SMM, Lima KVB, Lima LNGC. Analysis of Epidemiological Factors and SNP rs3804100 of TLR2 for COVID-19 in a Cohort of Professionals Who Worked in the First Pandemic Wave in Belém-PA, Brazil. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1907. [PMID: 37895256 PMCID: PMC10606513 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus 2 of the severe acute syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes, such as TLR2, responsible for an effective human immune response, can change the course of infection. The objective of this article was to verify associations between epidemiological factors and TLR2 SNP rs3804100 (Thymine [T] > Cytosine [C]) in professionals from Health Institutions (HI) who worked during the first pandemic wave and COVID-19. A case-control study was conducted with Belém-PA HI workers (Northern Brazil), divided into symptomatology groups (Asymptomatic-AS; n = 91; and Symptomatic-SI; n = 123); and severity groups classified by Chest Computerized Tomography data (symptomatic with pulmonary involvement-SCP; n = 35; symptomatic without pulmonary involvement-SSP; n = 8). Genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing, and Statistical Analysis was conducted through the SPSS program. Bioinformatics servers predicted the biological functions of the TLR2 SNP. There were associations between the presence of comorbidities and poor prognosis of COVID-19 (especially between symptomatology and severity of COVID-19 and overweight and obesity) and between the sickness in family members and kinship (related to blood relatives). The homozygous recessive (C/C) genotype was not found, and the frequency of the mutant allele (C) was less than 10% in the cohort. No significant associations were found for this SNP in this cohort. The presence of SNP was indicated to be benign and causes a decrease in the stability of the TLR2 protein. These data can help the scientific community and medicine find new forms of COVID-19 containment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Master Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Caroliny Soares Silva
- Master and PhD Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon (PPGBPA), University of State of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (C.S.S.); (P.A.S.d.S.)
| | - Rebecca Lobato Marinho
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (R.L.M.); (J.G.C.); (E.P.d.C.G.); (S.M.M.C.); (K.V.B.L.)
| | - Jeanne Gonçalves Cabral
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (R.L.M.); (J.G.C.); (E.P.d.C.G.); (S.M.M.C.); (K.V.B.L.)
| | - Ellen Polyana da Costa Gurrão
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (R.L.M.); (J.G.C.); (E.P.d.C.G.); (S.M.M.C.); (K.V.B.L.)
| | - Pabllo Antonny Silva dos Santos
- Master and PhD Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon (PPGBPA), University of State of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (C.S.S.); (P.A.S.d.S.)
| | - Samir Mansour Moraes Casseb
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (R.L.M.); (J.G.C.); (E.P.d.C.G.); (S.M.M.C.); (K.V.B.L.)
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (R.L.M.); (J.G.C.); (E.P.d.C.G.); (S.M.M.C.); (K.V.B.L.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Z, Wang Y, Lu S, Yin L, Dai L. SIRT3 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via regulating the deacetylation of FoxO3a. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102244. [PMID: 37499855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study mainly analyzes the mechanism of SIRT3 alleviating sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by regulating the deacetylation of FoxO3a and inhibiting pyroptosis. METHODS SIRT3-overexpressing and silenced BEAS-2B cells were used to evaluate the effect of SIRT3 on apoptosis in LPS-treated lung epithelial cells. FoxO3a-silenced BEAS-2B cells were also used to verify the mechanism by which SIRT3 inhibited oxidative stress and pyroptosis in vitro in ALI. 3-TYP was used to inhibit the deacetylation function of SIRT3 in vivo. Pyroptosis was assessed by detecting GSDMD-N and LDH efflux. RESULTS In CLP-induced ALI mice, GSDMD-N and LDH levels were elevated, pyroptosis was induced. Silencing of SIRT3 exacerbated oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis, and inhibited the deacetylation of FoxO3a. Overexpression of SIRT3 attenuated pyroptosis, induced deacetylation and restored the expression of FoxO3a and MnSOD. Silencing FoxO3a aggravated pyroptosis. Overexpression of SIRT3 restored the reduced FoxO3a expression and suppressed pyroptosis. 3-TYP blocked the promotion of FoxO3a by SIRT3 and the inhibitory effect of SIRT3 on pyroptosis. CONCLUSION The reduction of SIRT3 in sepsis caused hyperacetylation of FoxO3a, which in turn exacerbates oxidative stress and induces pyroptosis of ALI. Increasing the level of SIRT3 promotes FoxO3a through deacetylation, thereby inhibiting pyroptosis and relieving ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheqian Wu
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shijie Lu
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lili Yin
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lihua Dai
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Isaza-Correa J, Ryan L, Kelly L, Allen J, Melo A, Jones J, Huggard D, Ryan E, Ó Maoldomhnaigh C, Geoghehan S, Gavin P, Leahy TR, Butler K, Freyne B, Molloy EJ. Innate immune dysregulation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16463. [PMID: 37777557 PMCID: PMC10542373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MIS-C is a systemic inflammation disorder with poorly characterised immunopathological mechanisms. We compared changes in the systemic immune response in children with MIS-C (n = 12, 5-13 years) to healthy controls (n = 14, 5-15 years). Analysis was done in whole blood treated with LPS. Expression of CD11b and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in neutrophils and monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-Ira, TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-Υ, VEGF, EPO and GM-CSF) and mRNA levels of inflammasome molecules (NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β) were evaluated. Subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD19+, CD56+, CD4+, CD8+, TCR Vδ1+, TCR Vδ2+) were assessed at basal levels. Absolute counts of neutrophils and NLR were high in children with MIS-C while absolute counts of lymphocytes were low. Children with MIS-C had increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-β and VEGF serum cytokines at the basal level, and significantly increased TNF-β post-LPS, compared to controls. IL-1RA and EPO decreased at baseline and post-LPS in MIS-C patients compared to controls. The percentage of CD3+ cells, NK cells and Vδ1 was lower while B cells were higher in children with MIS-C than in controls. Dysregulated immune response in children with MIS-C was evident and may be amenable to immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana Isaza-Correa
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Ryan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynne Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Allen
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty Melo
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dean Huggard
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Ryan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sarah Geoghehan
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Gavin
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy Ronan Leahy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karina Butler
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Freyne
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neonatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neurodisability, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neonatology, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isazadeh A, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Mohammadinasab R, Shomali N, Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Khosroshahi AJ, Hajazimian S, Akbari M, Sadeghvand S. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in SARS-CoV-2. Life Sci 2023; 329:121940. [PMID: 37451397 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are specific sensors that directly recognize various molecules derived from viral or bacterial pathogens, senescent cells, damaged cells, and apoptotic cells. These sensors act as a bridge between nonspecific and specific immunity in humans. PRRs in human innate immunity were classified into six types: toll-like receptors (TLR), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). Numerous types of PRRs are responsible for recognizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is immensely effective in prompting interferon responses. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PRRs causes the initiation of an intracellular signaling cascade and subsequently the activation of various transcription factors that stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related factors. Therefore, it seems that PRRs are a promising potential therapeutic approach for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and other microbial infections. In this review, we have introduced the current knowledge of various PRRs and related signaling pathways in response to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Feng J, Zhou D, Wang J. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial activation and dysfunction: a new predictive and therapeutic paradigm for sepsis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:339. [PMID: 37700349 PMCID: PMC10498524 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide, a highly potent endotoxin responsible for severe sepsis, is the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Endothelial cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses as the first cell types to detect lipopolysaccharide or other foreign debris in the bloodstream. Endothelial cells are able to recognize the presence of LPS and recruit specific adaptor proteins to the membrane domains of TLR4, thereby initiating an intracellular signaling cascade. However, lipopolysaccharide binding to endothelial cells induces endothelial activation and even damage, manifested by the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules that lead to sepsis. MAIN FINDINGS LPS is involved in both local and systemic inflammation, activating both innate and adaptive immunity. Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia. Endothelial dysfunction, including exaggerated inflammation, coagulopathy and vascular leakage, may play a central role in the dysregulated host response and pathogenesis of sepsis. By discussing the many strategies used to treat sepsis, this review attempts to provide an overview of how lipopolysaccharide induces the ever more complex syndrome of sepsis and the potential for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS To reduce patient morbidity and mortality, preservation of endothelial function would be central to the management of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng W, Lu Y, Hu P, Zhang Q, Li S, Yang D, Zhao N, Qian K, Liu F. Integrated Analysis of Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Exosomes from Lung Tissue with Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3879-3895. [PMID: 37674532 PMCID: PMC10478974 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s419491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with a high mortality rate; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profile and related networks of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs in lung tissue exosomes obtained from sepsis-induced ALI. Methods A mouse model of sepsis was established using the cecal ligation and puncture method. RNA sequencing was performed using lung tissue exosomes obtained from mice in the sham and CLP groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and nanoparticle tracking analysis were performed to identify relevant phenotypes, and bioinformatic algorithms were used to evaluate competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Results Thirty lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified, including two upregulated lncRNAs, 30 upregulated miRNAs, and two downregulated miRNAs. Based on the expression levels of differentially expressed mRNAs(DEmRNAs), differentially expressed LncRNAs(DELncRNAs), and differentially expressed miRNAs(DEmiRNAs), 30 ceRNA networks were constructed. Conclusion Our study revealed, for the first time, the expression profiles of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in exosomes isolated from the lungs of mice with sepsis-induced ALI, and the exosome co-expression network and ceRNA network related to ALI in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangyan Li
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kejian Qian
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Le J, Kulatheepan Y, Jeyaseelan S. Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249098. [PMID: 37662905 PMCID: PMC10469605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system exposed to microorganisms continuously, and the pathogenicity of these microbes not only contingent on their virulence factors, but also the host's immunity. A multifaceted innate immune mechanism exists in the respiratory tract to cope with microbial infections and to decrease tissue damage. The key cell types of the innate immune response are macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Both the myeloid and structural cells of the respiratory system sense invading microorganisms through binding or activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The recognition of microbes and subsequent activation of PRRs triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of transcription factors, induction of cytokines/5chemokines, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, recruitment of immune cells, and subsequent microbe clearance. Since numerous microbes resist antimicrobial agents and escape innate immune defenses, in the future, a comprehensive strategy consisting of newer vaccines and novel antimicrobials will be required to control microbial infections. This review summarizes key findings in the area of innate immune defense in response to acute microbial infections in the lung. Understanding the innate immune mechanisms is critical to design host-targeted immunotherapies to mitigate excessive inflammation while controlling microbial burden in tissues following lung infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Le
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yathushigan Kulatheepan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Root-Bernstein R, Huber J, Ziehl A, Pietrowicz M. SARS-CoV-2 and Its Bacterial Co- or Super-Infections Synergize to Trigger COVID-19 Autoimmune Cardiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12177. [PMID: 37569555 PMCID: PMC10418384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune cardiopathies (AC) following COVID-19 and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 occur at significant rates but are of unknown etiology. This study investigated the possible roles of viral and bacterial mimicry, as well as viral-bacterial co-infections, as possible inducers of COVID-19 AC using proteomic methods and enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assays. BLAST and LALIGN results of this study demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 shares a significantly greater number of high quality similarities to some cardiac protein compared with other viruses; that bacteria such as Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci also display very significant similarities to cardiac proteins but to a different set than SARS-CoV-2; that the importance of these similarities is largely validated by ELISA experiments demonstrating that polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-associated bacteria recognize cardiac proteins with high affinity; that to account for the range of cardiac proteins targeted by autoantibodies in COVID-19-associated autoimmune myocarditis, both viral and bacterial triggers are probably required; that the targets of the viral and bacterial antibodies are often molecularly complementary antigens such as actin and myosin, laminin and collagen, or creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase, that are known to bind to each other; and that the corresponding viral and bacterial antibodies recognizing these complementary antigens also bind to each other with high affinity as if they have an idiotype-anti-idiotype relationship. These results suggest that AC results from SARS-CoV-2 infections or vaccination complicated by bacterial infections. Vaccination against some of these bacterial infections, such as Streptococci and Haemophilus, may therefore decrease AC risk, as may the appropriate and timely use of antibiotics among COVID-19 patients and careful screening of vaccinees for signs of infection such as fever, diarrhea, infected wounds, gum disease, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Root-Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.H.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Q, Zheng H, Chen B. Identification of macrophage-related genes in sepsis-induced ARDS using bioinformatics and machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9876. [PMID: 37336980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients, and macrophages play very important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS. The aim of this study was to screen macrophage-related biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS by bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms. A dataset including gene expression profiles of sepsis-induced ARDS patients and healthy controls was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. The limma package was used to screen 325 differentially expressed genes, and enrichment analysis suggested enrichment mainly in immune-related pathways and reactive oxygen metabolism pathways. The level of immune cell infiltration was analysed using the ssGSEA method, and then 506 macrophage-related genes were screened using WGCNA; 48 showed differential expression. PPI analysis was also performed. SVM-RFE and random forest map analysis were used to screen 10 genes. Three key genes, SGK1, DYSF and MSRB1, were obtained after validation with external datasets. ROC curves suggested that all three genes had good diagnostic efficacy. The nomogram model consisting of the three genes also had good diagnostic efficacy. This study provides new targets for the early diagnosis of sepsis-induced ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang S, Lei P, Feng Y, Jiang M, Liu Z, Shen T, Ma S, Wang L, Guo X, DU S. Jinyinqingre Oral Liquid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:423-435. [PMID: 37407173 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and severe clinical condition characterized by inflammatory damage to the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers, resulting in high incidence and mortality rates. Currently, there is a lack of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of ALI. In a previous clinical study, we observed that Jinyinqingre oral liquid (JYQR), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation prepared by the Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, exhibited notable efficacy in treating inflammation-related hepatitis and cholecystitis in clinical settings. However, the potential role of JYQR in ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unexplored. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of JYQR in ALI using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and an in vitro RAW264.7 cell model. JYQR yielded substantial improvements in LPS-induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Additionally, JYQR administration led to a noteworthy reduction in total protein levels within the BALF, a decrease in MPAP, and attenuation of pleural thickness. These findings collectively highlight the remarkable efficacy of JYQR in mitigating the deleterious effects of LPS-induced ALI. Mechanistic investigations revealed that JYQR pretreatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and downregulated the expressions of the downstream proteins, namely NLRP3 and GSDMD, as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice and RAW2647 cells. Consequently, JYQR alleviated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. JYQR exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI in mice, and its mechanism of action involves the downregulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD inflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Pan Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zegan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ting Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shinan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Libo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Shiming DU
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Xia Z, Wang H, Wang D, Sun T, Hossain E, Pang X, Liu Y. Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles for the fight against pathogenic bacteria, toxins, and inflammatory cytokines associated with sepsis. Theranostics 2023; 13:3224-3244. [PMID: 37351162 PMCID: PMC10283065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the main cause of death in patients suffering from serious illness. Yet, there is still no specific treatment for sepsis, and management relies on infection control. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (MNPs) are a new class of biomimetic nanoparticles based on covering the surface of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) with natural cell membranes. They retain the physicochemical properties of synthetic nanomaterials and inherit the specific properties of cellular membranes, showing excellent biological compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, capacity to hold cellular functions and characteristics, immunological escape, and longer half-life when in circulation. Additionally, they prevent the decomposition of the encapsulated drug and active targeting. Over the years, studies on MNPs have multiplied and a breakthrough has been achieved for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the use of "bio"-related approaches is still rare for treating sepsis. Herein, we discussed current state-of-the-art on MNPs for the treatment of bacterial sepsis by combining the pathophysiology and therapeutic benefits of sepsis, i.e., pathogenic bacteria, bacteria-producing toxins, and inflammatory cytokines produced in the dysregulated inflammatory response associated with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of Integrated ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Eamran Hossain
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li P, Li T, Zhang Z, Dai X, Zeng B, Li Z, Li Z. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152186. [PMID: 37261353 PMCID: PMC10227520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has led to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) worldwide. we have noted that many critically ill patients with COVID-19 present with typical sepsis-related clinical manifestations, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, coagulopathy, and septic shock. The molecular mechanisms that underlie COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and identify potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis using bioinformatics and a systems biology approach. Methods Three RNA-seq datasets (GSE171110, GSE76293 and GSE137342) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were employed to detect mutual differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the patients with the COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis for functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate drugs analysis. Results We obtained 110 common DEGs among COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis. ARG1, FCGR1A, MPO, and TLR5 are the most influential hub genes. The infection and immune-related pathways and functions are the main pathways and molecular functions of these three diseases. FOXC1, YY1, GATA2, FOXL, STAT1 and STAT3 are important TFs for COVID-19. mir-335-5p, miR-335-5p and hsa-mir-26a-5p were associated with COVID-19. Finally, the hub genes retrieved from the DSigDB database indicate multiple drug molecules and drug-targets interaction. Conclusion We performed a functional analysis under ontology terms and pathway analysis and found some common associations among COVID-19, ARDS and sepsis. Transcription factors-genes interaction, protein-drug interactions, and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory network with common DEGs were also identified on the datasets. We believe that the candidate drugs obtained in this study may contribute to the effective treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xingui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui B, Liu Y, Chen J, Chen H, Feng Y, Zhang P. Small molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 inhibits cytokine storm syndrome in a mouse model of lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110240. [PMID: 37182445 PMCID: PMC10181585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs induced by pathogenic microorganisms, immune damage, physical and chemical factors, and other factors, and the latest outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia is also an acute lung injury (ALI) induced by viral infection. However, there are currently no effective treatments for inflammatory cytokine storms in patients with ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Protein kinase D (PKD) is a highly active kinase that has been shown to be associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, small-molecule compounds that inhibit PKD may be potential drugs for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the small-molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production through in vitro cell experiments and a mouse pneumonia model. We found that CRT0066101 significantly reduced the protein and mRNA levels of LPS-induced cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). CRT0066101 inhibited MyD88 and TLR4 expression and reduced NF-κB, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation. CRT0066101 also reduced NLRP3 activation, inhibited the assembly of the inflammasome complex, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and lung tissue damage. Taken together, our data indicate that CRT0066101 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation through the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, suggesting that CRT0066101 may have therapeutic value in acute lung injury and other MyD88-dependent inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Q, Yang C, Ma S, Guo S, Hu X, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Jiang R, Zhang Z, Wen L. Shiwei Qingwen decoction regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide -induced acute lung injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116615. [PMID: 37164255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shiwei Qingwen decoction (SWQ), a Chinese herbal formula based on the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Yu Ping Feng San, has shown efficacy in preventing and treating early pneumonia with good clinical outcomes. However, its underlying mechanism is yet unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the preventive and therapeutic effects of SWQ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the underlying mechanism by which SWQ influences pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the chemical composition of SWQ was preliminarily determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the impact of SWQ (3.27, 6.55, and 13.1 g/kg) was assessed in the LPS-induced ALI rat model. Next, its inflammatory pathway was determined via network pharmacology. Finally, the molecular mechanism of SWQ was validated using a rat ALI model and a THP-1 cell inflammation model. RESULTS HPLC identified chlorogenic acid, prime-O-glucosylcimifugin, calycosin, and 5-O-methylaminoside in the chemical profile of SWQ. In the ALI model, SWQ alleviated ALI by reducing lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and preventing histopathological damage to the lungs. At the same time, SWQ decreased penetration of inflammatory mediators by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Pretreatment with SWQ downregulated white blood cells and neutrophils count in BALF and suppressed LPS-induced expression levels of MPO, NE, and pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS). Network pharmacology showed that SWQ was associated with TLR4/NF-κB inflammation pathway. Moreover, pretreatment with SWQ reduced the expression level of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-associated proteins (TLR4, Myd88, p-IκB, and p-p65) and NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and cleaved-IL-1β) in vivo and vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that SWQ can reduce inflammation in ALI by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chengxiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Shangzhi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shuyun Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiuqiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Li Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Teng S, Zhu Z, Wu C, He Y, Zhou S. Inflachromene inhibits intimal hyperplasia through the HMGB1/2- regulated TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110198. [PMID: 37087872 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The contractile-syntheticphenotypicconversion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, and hypertension. Our previous study explored the correlation between high mobility group box protein (HMGB) 1 and HMGB2 and neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. In the present study, we explore whether inflachromene (ICM), a novel inhibitor of the expression of both HMGB1 and HMGB2, modulates phenotypic changes in VSMCs and the mechanisms involved. Mice treated with ICM after carotid artery wire injury showed a decrease in excessive neointimal hyperplasia compared with that in the vehicle groups. In cultured VSMCs, pretreatment with ICM suppressed the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced phenotypic conversion, proliferation, and migration. We discovered that ICM reduced the Ang II-induced upregulation of the expression of HMGB1 and HMGB2 and inhibited their shuttling between the nucleus and the cytosol. Mechanistically, Ang II-treated VSMCs exhibited higher levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation, which were attenuated by ICM. In addition, the NF-κB inhibitor Bay-117082 abolished the recombinant HMGB1-mediated VSMC phenotypic conversion, proliferation, and migration. Furthermore, ICM ameliorated the Ang II-induced increases in NAD[P]H oxidase expression, thereby attenuating the Ang II-induced proliferation and migration. These results reveal that ICM pretreatment attenuates Ang II-induced VSMC dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration may by regulating the TLR4-NF-kB pathway. Thus, ICM is a potential therapy and preventive treatment for vascular proliferative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang WJ, Li KY, Lan Y, Zeng HY, Chen SQ, Wang H. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A key contributor to the inflammation formation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113683. [PMID: 36809826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important part of the development of various organ diseases. The inflammasome, as an innate immune receptor, plays an important role in the formation of inflammation. Among various inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most well studied. The NLRP3 inflammasome is composed of skeletal protein NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. There are three types of activation pathways: (1) "classical" activation pathway; (2) "non-canonical" activation pathway; (3) "alternative" activation pathway. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in many inflammatory diseases. A variety of factors (such as genetic factors, environmental factors, chemical factors, viral infection, etc.) have been proved to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and promote the inflammatory response of the lung, heart, liver, kidney and other organs in the body. Especially, the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammation and its related molecules in its associated diseases remains not to be summarized, namely they may promote or delay inflammatory diseases in different cells and tissues. This article reviews the structure and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in various inflammations, including inflammations caused by chemically toxic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Ke-Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Yi Lan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Han-Yi Zeng
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Shui-Qin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ling L, Ren A, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Tu P, Li H, Chen D. The synergistic effect and mechanisms of flavonoids and polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata on H1N1-induced pneumonia in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115761. [PMID: 36309113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC, Saururaceae family) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine used to treat pneumonia clinically. The total flavonoids (HCF) and polysaccharides (HCP) are key medicinal components of H. cordata involved in its beneficial effect on viral pneumonia. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is to investigate the synergistic or complementary effects of combination of HCF and HCP on viral pneumonia as well as the mechanisms underlying. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCF or HCP were administrated separately or combined in different proportions on influenza virus H1N1 - infected mice. The survival and lung weight of mice were recorded. The synergistic effect on HCF and HCP combination was calculated by Chou-Talalay method. H&E staining was performed to detect lung histomorphology. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were done to analyze the representative protein expression in lung and intestine tissues. AB - PAS staining on intestine tissue sections was performed to evaluate the histopathology of intestines. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced for gut microbiota analysis. RESULTS In H1N1 lethally infected mice, the combined administration of HCF and HCP significantly increased the survival rate and prolonged the life span of mice, compared with mono-drug therapy. The viral pneumonia was remarkably improved by HCF and HCP combination reflected by lower lung index, more intact lung morphology, and less inflammatory cells and mediators. Furthermore, the combination of HCF and HCP regulated intestinal microbiota, significantly reduced the proportion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine in gut. The combined HCF and HCP showed synergistic effect on reducing lung and intestine injury. The complementary interaction was also found in HCF and HCP combined therapy, as HCF provided the significant antiviral activity and HCP markedly improved intestinal physical barrier and increased the protein expression involving removal of edema. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that combination of HCF and HCP from H. cordata synergistically alleviated H1N1-induced viral pneumonia in mice via multimodal regulation of both pulmonary and intestinal homeostasis, which might imply novel therapeutic strategy for treating viral pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ling
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Anqi Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Root-Bernstein R. From Co-Infections to Autoimmune Disease via Hyperactivated Innate Immunity: COVID-19 Autoimmune Coagulopathies, Autoimmune Myocarditis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033001. [PMID: 36769320 PMCID: PMC9917907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilia and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are two of many measures of increased inflammation in severe COVID-19 that also accompany its autoimmune complications, including coagulopathies, myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This paper integrates currently disparate measures of innate hyperactivation in severe COVID-19 and its autoimmune complications, and relates these to SARS-CoV-2 activation of innate immunity. Aggregated data include activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors, NOD leucine-rich repeat and pyrin-domain-containing receptors (NLRPs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5). SARS-CoV-2 mainly activates the virus-associated innate receptors TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, NLRP3, RIG-1 and MDA-5. Severe COVID-19, however, is characterized by additional activation of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, NOD1 and NOD2, which are primarily responsive to bacterial antigens. The innate activation patterns in autoimmune coagulopathies, myocarditis and Kawasaki disease, or MIS-C, mimic those of severe COVID-19 rather than SARS-CoV-2 alone suggesting that autoimmunity follows combined SARS-CoV-2-bacterial infections. Viral and bacterial receptors are known to synergize to produce the increased inflammation required to support autoimmune disease pathology. Additional studies demonstrate that anti-bacterial antibodies are also required to account for known autoantigen targets in COVID-19 autoimmune complications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsai BY, Tsai PJ, Lee CC, Chiu CW, Lai YH, Lee JC, Ko WC, Hung YP. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein 1 with Clostridioides difficile Colonization or Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:413-421. [PMID: 36718463 PMCID: PMC9883994 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s392510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein (NLRP) is critical in the inflammasome-activation pathway, which is important for host survival and the clearance of Clostridioides difficile. Therefore, the influence of NLRP1 polymorphisms on C. difficile colonization (CdC) or infection (CDI) was analyzed. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study consisted of hospitalized adults was conducted from January 2011 to January 2013. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NLRP1, including rs12150220, rs2670660, rs6502867, rs878329, rs8182352, rs3744717, and rs11078571, were incorporating in analyses. The episodes of CdC and CDI were the primary and secondary outcome, respectively. Results Of the total of 509 eligible patients, 376 (73.9%) had neither CdC nor CDI, 104 (21.8%) had CdC without developing CDI, and 29 (4.3%) developed CDI during the study period. Through multivariate analyses, comorbid diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.59, P=0.04) and CC genotype in NLRP1 rs3744717 (AOR 1.70, P=0.02) were recognized as the risk factor of CdC. After adjusting the independent predictors of CDI, in terms of comorbid diabetes mellitus (AOR 3.18, P=0.005) and prior exposure to ceftazidime/ceftriaxone (AOR 2.87, P=0.04) or proton pump inhibitors (AOR 3.86, P=0.001), patients with CC+GC genotype in NLRP1, rs878329 (AOR 2.39, P=0.03) remained a higher risk of CDI. Conclusion For hospitalized adults, the association of CC genotype in NLRP1 rs3744717 and CdC as well as the CC+GC genotype in NLRP1 rs878329 and CDI was respectively evidenced. We believed the prompt identification of patients having specific genotype in NLRP1 would prevent and improve the quality of care in CDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Centers of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Lee
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lai
- Centers of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yuan-Pin Hung; Wen-Chien Ko, Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Root-Bernstein R, Churchill E, Oliverio S. T Cell Receptor Sequences Amplified during Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Mimic SARS-CoV-2, Its Bacterial Co-Infections and Host Autoantigens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021335. [PMID: 36674851 PMCID: PMC9861234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Published hypervariable region V-beta T cell receptor (TCR) sequences were collected from people with severe COVID-19 characterized by having various autoimmune complications, including blood coagulopathies and cardiac autoimmunity, as well as from patients diagnosed with the Kawasaki disease (KD)-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). These were compared with comparable published v-beta TCR sequences from people diagnosed with KD and from healthy individuals. Since TCR V-beta sequences are supposed to be complementary to antigens that induce clonal expansion, it was surprising that only a quarter of the TCR sequences derived from severe COVID-19 and MIS-C patients mimicked SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Thirty percent of the KD-derived TCR mimicked coronaviruses other than SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, only three percent of the TCR sequences from healthy individuals and those diagnosed with autoimmune myocarditis displayed similarities to any coronavirus. In each disease, significant increases were found in the amount of TCRs from healthy individuals mimicking specific bacterial co-infections (especially Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcal and Streptococcal antigens) and host autoantigens targeted by autoimmune diseases (especially myosin, collagen, phospholipid-associated proteins, and blood coagulation proteins). Theoretical explanations for these surprising observations and implications to unravel the causes of autoimmune diseases are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Root-Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth Churchill
- School of Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Shelby Oliverio
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bondy SC. Melatonin and Aging. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:291-307. [PMID: 37120473 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The health problems associated with the aging process are becoming increasingly widespread due to the increase in mean life expectancy taking place globally. While decline of many organ functions is an unavoidable concomitant of senescence, these can be delayed or moderated by a range of factors. Among these are dietary changes and weight control, taking sufficient exercise, and the utilization of various micronutrients. The utility of incurring appropriate changes in lifestyle is generally not confined to a single organ system but has a broadly positive systemic effect.Among one of the most potent means of slowing down age-related changes is the use of melatonin, a widely distributed biological indole. While melatonin is well known as a treatment for insomnia, it has a wide range of beneficial qualities many of which are relevant. This overview describes how several of the properties of melatonin are especially relevant to many of the changes associated with senescence. Changes in functioning of the immune system are particularly marked in the aged, combining diminishing effectiveness with increasing ineffective and harmful activity. Melatonin treatment appears able to moderate and partially reverse this detrimental drift toward immune incompetence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu W, Luo W, Han J, Zhang Q, Ji L, Samorodov AV, Pavlov VN, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Yin L, Huang L, Liang G, Huh JY, Wang Y. Schisandrin B protects against LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury by targeting MyD88. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154489. [PMID: 36270224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging clinical syndrome that manifests as an acute inflammatory response. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive lignan from Schisandra genus plants, has been shown to suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study performed an in-depth investigation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Sch B in macrophages and in an animal model of ALI. METHODS qPCR array was used to probe the differential effects and potential target of Sch B. ALI was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS in experimental mice with or without Sch B treatment. RESULTS Our studies show that Sch B differentially modulates inflammatory factor induction by LPS in macrophages by directly binding myeloid differentiation response factor-88 (MyD88), an essential adaptor protein in the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathway. Sch B spares non-MyD88-pathways downstream of TLR4. Such inhibition suppressed key signaling mediators such as TAK1, MAPKs, and NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory factor induction. Pull down assay using biotinylated-Sch B validate the direct interaction between Sch B and MyD88 in macrophages. Treatment of mice with Sch B prior to LPS challenge reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs, induction of MyD88-pathway signaling proteins, and prevented inflammatory cytokine induction. CONCLUSION In summary, our studies have identified MyD88 as a direct target of Sch B for its anti-inflammatory activity, and suggest that Sch B may have therapeutic value for acute lung injury and other MyD88-dependent inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lijun Ji
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Valentin N Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450005, Russia
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Daona Yang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Lina Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Palikova YA, Palikov VA, Novikova NI, Slashcheva GA, Rasskazova EA, Tukhovskaya EA, Danilkovich AV, Dyachenko IA, Belogurov Jr. AA, Kudriaeva AA, Bugrimov DY, Krasnorutskaya ON, Murashev AN. Derinat ® has an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect on the model of acute lung injury in male SD rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1111340. [PMID: 36642990 PMCID: PMC9837527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To simulate acute lung injury (ALI) in SD male rats they we administered intratracheally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by hyperventilation of the lungs (HVL), which lead to functional changes in the respiratory system and an increase in the blood serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines. LPS + HVL after 4 h lead to pronounced histological signs of lung damage. We have studied the effectiveness of Derinat® when administered intramuscularly at dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 8 days in the ALI model. Derinat® administration lead to an increase in the concentration of most of the studied cytokines in a day. In the ALI model the administration of Derinat® returned the concentration of cytokines to its original values already 48 h after LPS + HVL, and also normalized the parameters of pulmonary respiration in comparison with animals without treatment. By the eighth day after LPS + HVL, respiratory parameters and cytokine levels, as well as biochemical and hematological parameters did not differ between groups, while histological signs of residual effects of lung damage were found in all animals, and were more pronounced in Derinat® group, which may indicate stimulation of the local immune response. Thus, the administration of Derinat® stimulates the immune response, has a pronounced protective effect against cytokinemia and respiratory failure caused by ALI, has immunomodulatory effect, and also stimulates a local immune response in lung tissues. Thus, Derinat® is a promising treatment for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Palikova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Victor A. Palikov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I. Novikova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Rasskazova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia,*Correspondence: Elena A. Tukhovskaya,
| | - Alexey V. Danilkovich
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov Jr.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCh RAS), 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str, Moscow, Russia,Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCh RAS), 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil Y Bugrimov
- Voronezh State Medical University Named After N. N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya Str, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga N. Krasnorutskaya
- Voronezh State Medical University Named After N. N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya Str, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino, Russia,*Correspondence: Elena A. Tukhovskaya,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ito H, Ishikawa M, Matsumoto H, Sugihara F, Okuzaki D, Hirata H, Ogura H. Transcriptional differences between coronavirus disease 2019 and bacterial sepsis. Virol J 2022; 19:198. [PMID: 36443881 PMCID: PMC9702864 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to major public health crises worldwide. Several studies have reported the comprehensive mRNA expression analysis of immune-related genes in patients with COVID-19, using blood samples, to understand its pathogenesis; however, the characteristics of RNA expression in COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis have not been compared. The current study aimed to address this gap. METHODS RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to compare the transcriptome expression of whole blood samples from patients with COVID-19 and patients with sepsis who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. RESULTS The COVID-19 and sepsis cohorts showed upregulation of mitochondrial- and neutrophil-related transcripts, respectively. Compared with that in the control cohort, neutrophil-related transcripts were upregulated in both the COVID-19 and sepsis cohorts. In contrast, mitochondrial-related transcripts were upregulated in the COVID-19 cohort and downregulated in the sepsis cohort, compared to those in the control cohort. Moreover, transcript levels of the pro-apoptotic genes BAK1, CYCS, BBC3, CASP7, and CASP8 were upregulated in the COVID-19 cohort, whereas those of anti-apoptotic genes, such as BCL2L11 and BCL2L1, were upregulated in the sepsis cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the differential expression of transcripts related to neutrophils and mitochondria in sepsis and COVID-19 conditions. Mitochondrial-related transcripts were downregulated in sepsis than in COVID-19 conditions, and our results indicated suboptimal intrinsic apoptotic features in sepsis samples compared with that in COVID-19 samples. This study is expected to contribute to the development of specific treatments for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaplan M, Şahutoğlu AS, Sarıtaş S, Duman H, Arslan A, Pekdemir B, Karav S. Role of milk glycome in prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1033779. [PMID: 36424926 PMCID: PMC9680090 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1033779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk contains all essential macro and micro-nutrients for the development of the newborn. Its high therapeutic and antimicrobial content provides an important function for the prevention, treatment, and recovery of certain diseases throughout life. The bioactive components found in milk are mostly decorated with glycans, which provide proper formation and modulate the biological functions of glycosylated compounds. The glycome of milk consists of free glycans, glycolipids, and N- and O- glycosylated proteins. Recent studies have shown that both free glycans and glycan-containing molecules have antiviral characteristics based on different mechanisms such as signaling, microbiome modulation, natural decoy strategy, and immunomodulatory action. In this review, we discuss the recent clinical studies and potential mechanisms of free and conjugated glycans' role in the prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Burcu Pekdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Root-Bernstein R, Huber J, Ziehl A. Complementary Sets of Autoantibodies Induced by SARS-CoV-2, Adenovirus and Bacterial Antigens Cross-React with Human Blood Protein Antigens in COVID-19 Coagulopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911500. [PMID: 36232795 PMCID: PMC9569991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients often develop coagulopathies including microclotting, thrombotic strokes or thrombocytopenia. Autoantibodies are present against blood-related proteins including cardiolipin (CL), serum albumin (SA), platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GPI), phosphodiesterases (PDE), and coagulation factors such as Factor II, IX, X and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Different combinations of autoantibodies associate with different coagulopathies. Previous research revealed similarities between proteins with blood clotting functions and SARS-CoV-2 proteins, adenovirus, and bacterial proteins associated with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infections. This study investigated whether polyclonal antibodies (mainly goat and rabbit) against these viruses and bacteria recognize human blood-related proteins. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus recognized vWF, PDE and PF4 and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies also recognized additional antigens. Most bacterial antibodies tested (group A streptococci [GAS], staphylococci, Escherichia coli [E. coli], Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) cross-reacted with CL and PF4. while GAS antibodies also bound to F2, Factor VIII, Factor IX, and vWF, and E. coli antibodies to PDE. All cross-reactive interactions involved antibody-antigen binding constants smaller than 100 nM. Since most COVID-19 coagulopathy patients display autoantibodies against vWF, PDE and PF4 along with CL, combinations of viral and bacterial infections appear to be necessary to initiate their autoimmune coagulopathies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Agrati C, Carsetti R, Bordoni V, Sacchi A, Quintarelli C, Locatelli F, Ippolito G, Capobianchi MR. The immune response as a double-edged sword: the lesson learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic. Immunology 2022; 167:287-302. [PMID: 35971810 PMCID: PMC9538066 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has represented an unprecedented challenge for the humanity, and scientists around the world provided a huge effort to elucidate critical aspects in the fight against the pathogen, useful in designing public health strategies, vaccines and therapeutic approaches. One of the first pieces of evidence characterizing the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been its breadth of clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to severe/deadly disease, and the indication of the key role played by the immune response in influencing disease severity. This review is aimed at summarizing what the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection taught us about the immune response, highlighting its features of a double‐edged sword mediating both protective and pathogenic processes. We will discuss the protective role of soluble and cellular innate immunity and the detrimental power of a hyper‐inflammation‐shaped immune response, resulting in tissue injury and immunothrombotic events. We will review the importance of B‐ and T‐cell immunity in reducing the clinical severity and their ability to cross‐recognize viral variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B cell laboratory, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Molecular Virology and antimicrobial immunity Laboratory, Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS.,Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- General Directorate for Research and Health Innovation, Italian Ministry of Health
| | - Maria R Capobianchi
- Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital IRCCS, Negrar di Valpolicella (Verona).,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang B, Gao Z, Li QS, Zhang XY, Song L, Wang YN, Wang XY, Ji LL, Xu HL, Xie H, Feng FK, Li XP, Li W, Wang R, Wang GS. Proteomic analysis and identification reveal the anti-inflammatory mechanism of clofazimine on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1327-1345. [PMID: 35962798 PMCID: PMC9376043 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was increasingly recognized as one of the most severe acute hyperimmune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clofazimine (CFZ) has attracted attention due to its anti-inflammatory property in immune diseases as well as infectious diseases. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of CFZ in anti-inflammatory responses remain unclear. Methods We analyze the protein expression profiles of CFZ and LPS from Raw264.7 macrophages using quantitative proteomics. Next, the protective effect of CFZ on LPS-induced inflammatory model is assessed, and its underlying mechanism is validated by molecular biology analysis. Results LC–MS/MS-based shotgun proteomics analysis identified 4746 (LPS) and 4766 (CFZ) proteins with quantitative information. The key proteins and their critical signal transduction pathways including TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling was highlighted, which was involved in multiple inflammatory processes. A further analysis of molecular biology revealed that CFZ could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Raw264.7 macrophages, decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, alleviate lung histological changes and pulmonary edema, improve the survival rate, and down-regulate TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling in LPS model. Conclusion This study can provide significant insight into the proteomics-guided pharmacological mechanism study of CFZ and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for infectious disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-022-01623-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kai Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Shun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Guangchuan Road, Baodi District, Tianjin, 301800, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Niemi MS, Aljowaie RM, Almutairi SM, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. The Prospective Effect of Allopurinol on the Oxidative Stress Index and Endothelial Dysfunction in Covid-19. Inflammation 2022; 45:1651-1667. [PMID: 35199285 PMCID: PMC8865950 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 by the direct cytopathic effect or indirectly through the propagation of pro-inflammatory cytokines could cause endothelial dysfunction (ED) and oxidative stress (OS). It has been reported that OS is triggered by various types of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Into the bargain, allopurinol is regarded as a potent antioxidant that acts through inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO), which is an essential enzyme of purine metabolism. Herein, the present study aimed to find the potential protective effects of allopurinol on the biomarkers of OS and ED in patients with severe Covid-19. This single-center cohort study recruited 39 patients with mild-moderate Covid-19 compared with 41 patients with severe Covid-19. Nineteen patients with severe Covid-19 were on the allopurinol treatment because of underlying chronic gout 3 years ago compared with 22 Covid-19 patients not on this treatment. The recruited patients were allocated into three groups: group I, mild-moderate Covid-19 on the standard therapy (n = 39); group II, severe Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy only (n = 22); and group III, severe Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy plus allopurinol (n = 19). The duration of the study was 3 weeks from the time of hospitalization till the time of recovery. In addition, inflammatory biomarkers (D-dimer, LDH, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), endothelin-1 (ET-1), uric acid and oxidative stress index (OSI), CT scan score, and clinical score were evaluated at the time of admission and discharge regarding the effect of allopurinol treatment adds to the standard treatment of Covid-19. Allopurinol plus standard treatment reduced LDH, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin, and ET-1 serum level significantly (P < 0.05) compared with Covid-19 patients on standard treatment. Besides, neutrophil (%), lymphocyte (%), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were reduced in patients with severe Covid-19 on standard treatment plus allopurinol compared with Covid-19 patients on standard treatment alone (P < 0.01). OSI was higher in patients with severe Covid-19 than mild-moderate Covid-19 patients (P = 0.00001) at admission. At the time of discharge, the oxidative status of Covid-19 patients was significantly improved compared with that at admission (P = 0.01). In conclusion, Covid-19 severity is linked with high OS and inflammatory reaction with ED development. High uric acid in patients with severe Covid-19 is correlated with high OS and inflammatory biomarkers. Allopurinol with standard treatment in patients with severe Covid-19 reduced oxidative and inflammatory disorders with significant amelioration of ED and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL mustansiriyia University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL mustansiriyia University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa S. Al-Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Farahidi University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, 22511 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ming T, Dong M, Song X, Li X, Kong Q, Fang Q, Wang J, Wu X, Xia Z. Integrated Analysis of Gene Co-Expression Network and Prediction Model Indicates Immune-Related Roles of the Identified Biomarkers in Sepsis and Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897390. [PMID: 35844622 PMCID: PMC9281548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a series of clinical syndromes caused by immunological response to severe infection. As the most important and common complication of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with poor outcomes and high medical expenses. However, well-described studies of analysis-based researches, especially related bioinformatics analysis on revealing specific targets and underlying molecular mechanisms of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS (sepsis/se-ARDS), still remain limited and delayed despite the era of data-driven medicine. In this report, weight gene co-expression network based on data from a public database was constructed to identify the key modules and screen the hub genes. Functional annotation by enrichment analysis of the modular genes also demonstrated the key biological processes and signaling pathway; among which, extensive immune-involved enrichment was remarkably associated with sepsis/se-ARDS. Based on the differential expression analysis, least absolute shrink and selection operator, and multivariable logistic regression analysis of the screened hub genes, SIGLEC9, TSPO, CKS1B and PTTG3P were identified as the candidate biomarkers for the further analysis. Accordingly, a four-gene-based model for diagnostic prediction assessment was established and then developed by sepsis/se-ARDS risk nomogram, whose efficiency was verified by calibration curves and decision curve analyses. In addition, various machine learning algorithms were also applied to develop extra models based on the four genes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis proved the great diagnostic and predictive performance of these models, and the multivariable logistic regression of the model was still found to be the best as further verified again by the internal test, training, and external validation cohorts. During the development of sepsis/se-ARDS, the expressions of the identified biomarkers including SIGLEC9, TSPO, CKS1B and PTTG3P were all regulated remarkably and generally exhibited notable correlations with the stages of sepsis/se-ARDS. Moreover, the expression levels of these four genes were substantially correlated during sepsis/se-ARDS. Analysis of immune infiltration showed that multiple immune cells, neutrophils and monocytes in particular, might be closely involved in the process of sepsis/se-ARDS. Besides, SIGLEC9, TSPO, CKS1B and PTTG3P were considerably correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes during sepsis/se-ARDS. The discovery of relevant gene co-expression network and immune signatures might provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis/se-ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingqian Ming
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyou Dong
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xuemin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingqiao Li
- School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyuan Xia, ; Xiaojing Wu,
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyuan Xia, ; Xiaojing Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Z, Li F, Liu J, Luo Y, Guo H, Yang Q, Xu C, Ma S, Chen H. Intestinal Microbiota - An Unmissable Bridge to Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913178. [PMID: 35774796 PMCID: PMC9237221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), one of the most serious abdominal emergencies in general surgery, is characterized by acute and rapid onset as well as high mortality, which often leads to multiple organ failure (MOF). Acute lung injury (ALI), the earliest accompanied organ dysfunction, is the most common cause of death in patients following the SAP onset. The exact pathogenesis of ALI during SAP, however, remains unclear. In recent years, advances in the microbiota-gut-lung axis have led to a better understanding of SAP-associated lung injury (PALI). In addition, the bidirectional communications between intestinal microbes and the lung are becoming more apparent. This paper aims to review the mechanisms of an imbalanced intestinal microbiota contributing to the development of PALI, which is mediated by the disruption of physical, chemical, and immune barriers in the intestine, promotes bacterial translocation, and results in the activation of abnormal immune responses in severe pancreatitis. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) mediated immunol mechanisms in the occurrence of PALI via binding with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) through the microbiota-gut-lung axis are focused in this study. Moreover, the potential therapeutic strategies for alleviating PALI by regulating the composition or the function of the intestinal microbiota are discussed in this review. The aim of this study is to provide new ideas and therapeutic tools for PALI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Shurong Ma, ; Hailong Chen,
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Shurong Ma, ; Hailong Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Naveen KV, Saravanakumar K, Sathiyaseelan A, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Human Fungal Infection, Immune Response, and Clinical Challenge-a Perspective During COVID-19 Pandemic. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4244-4257. [PMID: 35648275 PMCID: PMC9156836 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are a small but important part of the human microbiota and several fungi are familiar to the immune system, yet certain can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts and referred as opportunistic pathogens. The fungal coinfections in COVID-19 hosts with predisposing conditions and immunosuppressive medications are posing higher severity and death. The immunological counteraction (innate/adaptive immunity) is triggered when the PRRs on the host cells recognize the fungal PAMPs. However, in simultaneous infections (COVID-19 and fungal coinfection), the synergism of TLR and NLR may hyperactivate the immune cells which dramatically increase the cytokine level and generate cytokine storm. Fungal colonization in the human gut assists the development of microbiome assembly, ecology, and shaping immune response. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection represented unstable mycobiomes and long-term dysbiosis in a large proportion in COVID-19 patients. Normally, amphotericin B is considered as first-line treatment for invasive fungal infection. So, amphotericin B therapy is recommended in COVID-19 hosts with serious fungal infections. Still, the long-term corticosteroid supplementation prescribed in case of severe pneumonia and lower oxygen levels may result in systemic fungal infection in COVID-19 patients, eventually limiting the lifesaving benefits of available medications. Also, due to the evolution of fungal resistance to available antibiotics, the current treatments are becoming ineffective. Therefore, this review summarizes the concerns, needed to deal with the impending crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiménez D, Torres Arias M. Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Med 2022; 45:186-224. [PMID: 35502127 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2022.2066251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health problem that has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The infection can present with multiple clinical features ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients to patients with severe or critical illness that can even lead to death. Although the immune system plays an important role in pathogen control, SARS-CoV-2 can drive dysregulation of this response and trigger severe immunopathology. Exploring the mechanisms of the immune response involved in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 allows us to understand its immunopathogenesis and possibly detect features that can be used as potential therapies to eliminate the virus. The main objective of this review on SARS-CoV-2 is to highlight the interaction between the virus and the immune response. We explore the function and action of the immune system, the expression of molecules at the site of infection that cause hyperinflammation and hypercoagulation disorders, the factors leading to the development of pneumonia and subsequent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome which is the leading cause of death in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, CENCINAT, GISAH, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lu J, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding X, Qian C, Ding Z, Ye X. Polysaccharides From the Aerial Parts of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Induce Bidirectional Immunity and Ameliorate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838873. [PMID: 35370633 PMCID: PMC8965720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) has traditionally been used to treat inflammation, high fever and improve immune function of patients. Polysaccharides have been proved to be one of the important components of SYQ. Previous studies have confirmed the antipyretic and antitumor effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP), and clarified that SYQP could enhance immunity through TLR4 signalling pathway. However, there were more possibilities for the mechanism by which SYQP exerted immunomodulatory effects and the role of SYQP in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is elusive. The purpose of this study was further to explain the bidirectional modulation of immunity mechanism of SYQP in vitro and its effect in LPS-induced ARDS in vivo. Experimental results showed that SYQP significantly stimulated gene expressions of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 and secretion of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Individual or combined application of TLR2 antagonist C29 and TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could reduce SYQP-mediated stimulation of cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) to varying degrees. On the other hand, SYQP markedly inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NO, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treatment RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that SYQP significantly reduced LPS-induced damage in ARDS mice through alleviating LPS-induced pulmonary morphological damage, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels, ameliorating the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving hematological status. Meanwhile, SYQP evidently reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion, the overexpression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In addition, SYQP reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the overexpression of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in lung tissues of ARDS mice. In summary, our study confirmed that SYQP induced bidirectional immunity and ameliorated LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical basis for further use of SYQP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodong Qian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhishan Ding, ; Xiaoqing Ye,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liang P, Yu F. Value of CRP, PCT, and NLR in Prediction of Severity and Prognosis of Patients With Bloodstream Infections and Sepsis. Front Surg 2022; 9:857218. [PMID: 35345421 PMCID: PMC8957078 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.857218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in assessing the severity of disease in patients with bloodstream infection and sepsis, and to analyze the relationship between the levels of three inflammatory factors and the prognosis of patients. Methods The clinical data of 146 patients with bloodstream infection and sepsis admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2016 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in the levels of inflammatory indicators such as CRP, PCT, and NLR within 24 h in patients with bloodstream infection sepsis with different conditions (critical group, non-critical group) and the correlation between these factors and the condition (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, APACHE II score) were analyzed. In addition, the prognosis of all patients within 28 days was counted, and the patients were divided into death and survival groups according to their mortality, and the risk factors affecting their death were analyzed by logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of the relevant indicators in assessing the prognosis of patients. Results The levels of NLR, CRP, PCT, total bilirubin (TBIL), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), and serum creatinine (Scr) were significantly higher in the critically ill group than in the non-critically ill group, where correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between CRP, PCT, and NLR and APACHE II scores (P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CRP, PCT, NLR, and APACHE II scores were associated with patient prognosis (P < 0.05). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis found that PCT, NLR, and APACHE II scores were independent risk factors for patient mortality within 28 days (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis found that PCT and NLR both had an AUC area > 0.7 in predicting patient death within 28 days (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory factors such as NLR, CRP, and PCT have important clinical applications in the assessment of the extent of disease and prognosis of patients with bloodstream infection and sepsis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:143. [PMID: 35187603 PMCID: PMC8858600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for use as treatments for COVID-19 disease. These drugs have not consistently demonstrated high efficacy in preventing or treating this serious condition and all have side effects to differing degrees. We encourage the continued consideration of the use of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, melatonin, as a countermeasure to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 140 scientific publications have identified melatonin as a likely useful agent to treat this disease. Moreover, the publications cited provide the rationale for the use of melatonin as a prophylactic agent against this condition. Melatonin has pan-antiviral effects and it diminishes the severity of viral infections and reduces the death of animals infected with numerous different viruses, including three different coronaviruses. Network analyses, which compared drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in humans, also predicted that melatonin would be the most effective agent for preventing/treating COVID-19. Finally, when seriously infected COVID-19 patients were treated with melatonin, either alone or in combination with other medications, these treatments reduced the severity of infection, lowered the death rate, and shortened the duration of hospitalization. Melatonin’s ability to arrest SARS-CoV-2 infections may reduce health care exhaustion by limiting the need for hospitalization. Importantly, melatonin has a high safety profile over a wide range of doses and lacks significant toxicity. Some molecular processes by which melatonin resists a SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized. The authors believe that all available, potentially beneficial drugs, including melatonin, that lack toxicity should be used in pandemics such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chutipongtanate S, Morrow AL, Newburg DS. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Potential Applications in COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020346. [PMID: 35203555 PMCID: PMC8961778 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health crisis with more than four million deaths worldwide. A substantial number of COVID-19 survivors continue suffering from long-COVID syndrome, a long-term complication exhibiting chronic inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Much effort is being expended to improve therapeutic outcomes. Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates known to exert health benefits in breastfed infants by preventing infection, maintaining immune homeostasis and nurturing healthy gut microbiota. These beneficial effects suggest the hypothesis that hMOS might have applications in COVID-19 as receptor decoys, immunomodulators, mucosal signaling agents, and prebiotics. This review summarizes hMOS biogenesis and classification, describes the possible mechanisms of action of hMOS upon different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of hMOS research for clinical applications in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - David S. Newburg
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Geronikolou SA, Takan I, Pavlopoulou A, Mantzourani M, Chrousos GP. Thrombocytopenia in COVID‑19 and vaccine‑induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:35. [PMID: 35059730 PMCID: PMC8815408 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly heterogeneous symptomatology and unpredictable progress of COVID-19 triggered unprecedented intensive biomedical research and a number of clinical research projects. Although the pathophysiology of the disease is being progressively clarified, its complexity remains vast. Moreover, some extremely infrequent cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenia following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been observed. The present study aimed to map the signaling pathways of thrombocytopenia implicated in COVID-19, as well as in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The biomedical literature database, MEDLINE/PubMed, was thoroughly searched using artificial intelligence techniques for the semantic relations among the top 50 similar words (>0.9) implicated in COVID-19-mediated human infection or VITT. Additionally, STRING, a database of primary and predicted associations among genes and proteins (collected from diverse resources, such as documented pathway knowledge, high-throughput experimental studies, cross-species extrapolated information, automated text mining results, computationally predicted interactions, etc.), was employed, with the confidence threshold set at 0.7. In addition, two interactomes were constructed: i) A network including 119 and 56 nodes relevant to COVID-19 and thrombocytopenia, respectively; and ii) a second network containing 60 nodes relevant to VITT. Although thrombocytopenia is a dominant morbidity in both entities, three nodes were observed that corresponded to genes (AURKA, CD46 and CD19) expressed only in VITT, whilst ADAM10, CDC20, SHC1 and STXBP2 are silenced in VITT, but are commonly expressed in both COVID-19 and thrombocytopenia. The calculated average node degree was immense (11.9 in COVID-19 and 6.43 in VITT), illustrating the complexity of COVID-19 and VITT pathologies and confirming the importance of cytokines, as well as of pathways activated following hypoxic events. In addition, PYCARD, NLP3 and P2RX7 are key potential therapeutic targets for all three morbid entities, meriting further research. This interactome was based on wild-type genes, revealing the predisposition of the body to hypoxia-induced thrombosis, leading to the acute COVID-19 phenotype, the 'long-COVID syndrome', and/or VITT. Thus, common nodes appear to be key players in illness prevention, progression and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani A Geronikolou
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Işil Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Marina Mantzourani
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|