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Manca A, Valz C, Chiara F, Mula J, Palermiti A, Billi M, Antonucci M, Nicolò AD, Luxardo N, Imperiale D, Vischia F, De Cori D, Cusato J, D'Avolio A. Cannabinoid levels description in a cohort of patients with chronic and neuropathic pain treated with Cannabis decoction: A possible role of TDM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116686. [PMID: 38713939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The phytocomplex of Cannabis is made up of approximately 500 substances: terpeno-phenols metabolites, including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, exhibit pharmacological activity. Medical Cannabis has several pharmacological potential applications, in particular in the management of chronic and neuropathic pain. In the literature, a few data are available concerning cannabis pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety. Thus, aim of the present study was the evaluation of cannabinoid pharmacokinetics in a cohort of patients, with chronic and neuropathic pain, treated with inhaled medical cannabis and decoction, as a galenic preparation. In this study, 67 patients were enrolled. Dried flower tops with different THC and CBD concentrations were used: Bedrocan® medical cannabis with THC level standardized at 19% and with a CBD level below 1%, Bediol® medical cannabis with THC and CBD level standardized at similar concentration of 6.5% and 8%, respectively. Cannabis was administered as a decoction in 47 patients and inhaled in 11 patients. The blood withdrawn was obtained before the new dose administration at the steady state and metabolites plasma concentrations were measured with an UHPLC-MS/MS method. Statistically significant differences were found in cannabinoids plasma exposure between inhaled and oral administration of medical cannabis, between male and female and cigarette smokers. For the first time, differences in cannabinoid metabolites exposures between different galenic formulations were suggested in patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring could be useful to allow for dose adjustment, but further studies in larger cohorts of patients are required in order to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Manca
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Cristina Valz
- SC Terapia del dolore - ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology San Luigi A.O.U., RegioneGonzole 10, Orbassano, Turin 10043, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mula
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Alice Palermiti
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Martina Billi
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Miriam Antonucci
- SCDU Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Amedeo De Nicolò
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Nicola Luxardo
- SC Terapia del dolore - ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Daniele Imperiale
- Neurology Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Flavio Vischia
- Department of Mental Health - Psychiatric Unit West, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - David De Cori
- Department of Mental Health - Psychiatric Unit West, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy.
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
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Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Morelli MB, Marinelli O, Giangrossi M, Amantini C, Santoni G, Sazzad H, Nabissi M. Anticancer effect of minor phytocannabinoids in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38760945 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of clonal plasmacells. Bone disease is responsible for the severe complications of MM and is caused by myeloma cells infiltrating the bone marrow and inducing osteoclast activation. To date, no treatment for MM is truly curative since patients relapse and become refractory to all drug classes. Cannabinoids are already used as palliative in cancer patients. Furthermore, their proper anticancer effect was demonstrated in many cancer models in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Anyway, few information was reported on the effect of cannabinoids on MM and no data has been provided on minor phytocannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidivarin (CBDV). Scientific literature also reported cannabinoids beneficial effect against bone disease. Here, we examined the cytotoxic activity of CBG, CBC, CBN, and CBDV in vitro in MM cell lines, their effect in modulating MM cells invasion toward bone cells and the bone resorption. Subsequently, according to the in vitro results, we selected CBN for in vivo study in a MM xenograft mice model. Results showed that the phytocannabinoids inhibited MM cell growth and induced necrotic cell death. Moreover, the phytocannabinoids reduced the invasion of MM cells toward osteoblast cells and bone resorption in vitro. Lastly, CBN reduced in vivo tumor mass. Together, our results suggest that CBG, CBC, CBN, and CBDV can be promising anticancer agents for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
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3
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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hen-Shoval D, Indig-Naimer T, Moshe L, Kogan NM, Zaidan H, Gaisler-Salomon I, Okun E, Mechoulam R, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Weller A. Unraveling the molecular basis of cannabidiolic acid methyl Ester's anti-depressive effects in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:50-59. [PMID: 38704981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands as a significant cause of disability globally. Cannabidiolic Acid-Methyl Ester (CBDA-ME) (EPM-301, HU-580), a derivative of Cannabidiol, demonstrates immediate antidepressant-like effects, yet it has undergone only minimal evaluation in psychopharmacology. Our goal was to investigate the behavioral and potential molecular mechanisms associated with the chronic oral administration of this compound in the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) genetic model of treatment-resistant depression. Male WKY rats were subjected to behavioral assessments before and after receiving chronic (14-day) oral doses of CBDA-ME (0.5 mg/kg), 15 mg/kg of imipramine or vehicle. At the end of the study, plasma corticosterone levels and mRNA expression of various genes in the medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus were measured. Behavioral outcomes from CBDA-ME treatment indicated an antidepressant-like effect similar to imipramine, as oral ingestion reduced immobility and increased swimming duration in the Forced Swim Test. Neither treatment influenced locomotion in the Open Field Test nor preference in the Saccharin Preference Test. The behavioral impact in WKY rats coincided with reduced corticosterone serum levels, upregulated mRNA expression of Cannabinoid receptor 1, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1, alongside downregulation of the Serotonin Transporter in the hippocampus. Additionally, there was an upregulation of CB1 mRNA expression and downregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the mPFC. These findings contribute to our limited understanding of the antidepressant effects of CBDA-ME and shed light on its potential psychopharmacological mechanisms. This discovery opens up possibilities for utilizing cannabinoids in the treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hen-Shoval
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - T Indig-Naimer
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - L Moshe
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - N M Kogan
- Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - H Zaidan
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - I Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Okun
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Israel; The Paul Feder laboratory for Alzheimer disease research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - R Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - G Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Weller
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Xie G, Qin Y, Wu N, Han X, Li J. Single-Nucleus Transcriptome Profiling from the Hippocampus of a PTSD Mouse Model and CBD-Treated Cohorts. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38674453 PMCID: PMC11050643 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common psychiatric disorder after a catastrophic event; however, the efficacious treatment options remain insufficient. Increasing evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits optimal therapeutic effects for treating PTSD. To elucidate the cell-type-specific transcriptomic pathology of PTSD and the mechanisms of CBD against this disease, we conducted single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in the hippocampus of PTSD-modeled mice and CBD-treated cohorts. We constructed a mouse model by adding electric foot shocks following exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS+S) and tested the freezing time, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive behavior. CBD was administrated before every behavioral test. The PTSD-modeled mice displayed behaviors resembling those of PTSD in all behavioral tests, and CBD treatment alleviated all of these PTSD-like behaviors (n = 8/group). Three mice with representative behavioral phenotypes were selected from each group for snRNA-seq 15 days after the SPS+S. We primarily focused on the excitatory neurons (ExNs) and inhibitory neurons (InNs), which accounted for 68.4% of the total cell annotations. A total of 88 differentially upregulated genes and 305 differentially downregulated genes were found in the PTSD mice, which were found to exhibit significant alterations in pathways and biological processes associated with fear response, synaptic communication, protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and oxidative stress response. A total of 63 overlapping genes in InNs were identified as key genes for CBD in the treatment of PTSD. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the anti-PTSD effect of CBD was related to the regulation of protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress response, and fear response. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that CBD also enhanced retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in ExNs, which was found to be suppressed in the PTSD group. Our research may provide a potential explanation for the pathogenesis of PTSD and facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for drug development. Moreover, it may shed light on the therapeutic mechanisms of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (G.X.); (Y.Q.); (N.W.); (J.L.)
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Qian X, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Pan L, Hu C. A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and related endocannabinoids in human plasma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28467. [PMID: 38560270 PMCID: PMC10979285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) exert considerable influence over energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism within the human body. Among the most biologically active cannabinoids identified thus far are 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), 1-stearoylglycerol (1-SRG), and stearoyl ethanolamide (SEA), which are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and stearic acid (SA). However, despite the unique in bioactivities exhibited by eCBs, their determination in plasma has been hindered by the lack of sensitive analytical methods. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a highly sensitive and rapid method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for accurate measurement of AEA, SEA, 2-AG, 1-SRG, AA, and SA levels in human plasma samples. Sample preparation involved a protein precipitation method and a methyl tert-butyl ether liquid-liquid extraction method. Chromatographic separation was accomplished by utilizing an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and water containing 0.1% formic acid, flowing at a rate of 0.35 mL/min. AA-d8, 2-AG-d5, and AEA-d8 were selected as deuterated internal standards. The analytes were determined with MRM in both positive and negative ion mode. The lower limit of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 400 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was >0.99. Inter-day and intra-day precision exhibited values of 0.55-13.29% and 0.62%-13.90%, respectively. Recovery and matrix effect were within the range of 77.7%-109.7%, and 90.0%-113.5%, respectively. Stability tests confirmed the acceptability of all analytes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, it was implemented to assess and compare plasma samples from healthy volunteers (n = 49) and individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 62). The study revealed significant differences in AEA, SEA, AA, and SA levels between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qian
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Wangzhenzu Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital Afliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yuanye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Kanwal H, Sangineto M, Ciarnelli M, Castaldo P, Villani R, Romano AD, Serviddio G, Cassano T. Potential Therapeutic Targets to Modulate the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4050. [PMID: 38612861 PMCID: PMC11012768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease (NDD), is characterized by chronic neuronal cell death through progressive loss of cognitive function. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are considered the hallmarks of AD pathology. Different therapeutic approaches approved by the Food and Drug Administration can only target a single altered pathway instead of various mechanisms that are involved in AD pathology, resulting in limited symptomatic relief and almost no effect in slowing down the disease progression. Growing evidence on modulating the components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) proclaimed their neuroprotective effects by reducing neurochemical alterations and preventing cellular dysfunction. Recent studies on AD mouse models have reported that the inhibitors of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol (MAGL), hydrolytic enzymes for N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), respectively, might be promising candidates as therapeutical intervention. The FAAH and MAGL inhibitors alone or in combination seem to produce neuroprotection by reversing cognitive deficits along with Aβ-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative responses, and neuronal death, delaying AD progression. Their exact signaling mechanisms need to be elucidated for understanding the brain intrinsic repair mechanism. The aim of this review was to shed light on physiology and pathophysiology of AD and to summarize the experimental data on neuroprotective roles of FAAH and MAGL inhibitors. In this review, we have also included CB1R and CB2R modulators with their diverse roles to modulate ECS mediated responses such as anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory actions in AD. Future research would provide the directions in understanding the molecular mechanisms and development of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kanwal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Moris Sangineto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Martina Ciarnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Pasqualina Castaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Antonino Davide Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
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Akimov MG, Gretskaya NM, Gorbacheva EI, Khadour N, Chernavskaya VS, Sherstyanykh GD, Kovaleko TF, Fomina-Ageeva EV, Bezuglov VV. The Interaction of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide and Paracannabinoid Lysophosphatidylinositol during Cell Death Induction in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2271. [PMID: 38396948 PMCID: PMC10888638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and paracannabinoid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) play a significant role in cancer cell proliferation regulation. While anandamide inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, LPI is known as a cancer stimulant. Despite the known endocannabinoid receptor crosstalk and simultaneous presence in the cancer microenvironment of both molecules, their combined activity has never been studied. We evaluated the effect of LPI on the AEA activity in six human breast cancer cell lines of different carcinogenicity (MCF-10A, MCF-7, BT-474, BT-20, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231) using resazurin and LDH tests after a 72 h incubation. AEA exerted both anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity with EC50 in the range from 31 to 80 µM. LPI did not significantly affect the cell viability. Depending on the cell line, the response to the LPI-AEA combination varied from a decrease in AEA cytotoxicity to an increase in it. Based on the inhibitor analysis of the endocannabinoid receptor panel, we showed that for the former effect, an active GPR18 receptor was required and for the latter, an active CB2 receptor. The data obtained for the first time are important for the understanding the manner by which endocannabinoid receptor ligands acting simultaneously can modulate cancer growth at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G. Akimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.M.G.); (E.I.G.); (N.K.); (V.S.C.); (G.D.S.); (T.F.K.); (E.V.F.-A.); (V.V.B.)
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9
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Garde N, Heibel M. Effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray (Sativex ®) on symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: a case series. Drugs Context 2024; 13:2023-10-1. [PMID: 38384931 PMCID: PMC10881112 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spasticity and its related symptoms of spasms, pain, sleep disturbance and bladder dysfunction are common in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be interconnected through a common pathophysiology and/or may trigger and worsen each other. Tetrahydrocannabinol-cannabidiol (nabiximols) oromucosal spray (Sativex) is an add-on treatment for adults with moderate-to-severe MS spasticity who fail to respond adequately to conventional oral medications. There is evidence that nabiximols can ameliorate spasticity-associated symptoms irrespective of its effect on spasticity. This case series describes 12 adults with MS spasticity who were evaluated for symptom evolution before and during adjunctive nabiximols treatment. Nabiximols reduced spasticity severity in 11 patients, of whom 8 had a clinically important ≥30% improvement in 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale scores during treatment. In 7 patients who reported spasms, severity was reduced or spasms were absent/unnoticeable during nabiximols treatment. Walking distance was improved in 8 patients. Pain severity was reduced in 11 patients, and sleep disorder was completely resolved in 3 patients and improved in 8. Bladder dysfunction was improved in 6 of 7 patients with baseline symptoms. Two patients arguably should have discontinued nabiximols sooner: one had a limited response and experienced adverse effects throughout 6 months of treatment; the other was a non-responder who suffered a fall due to dizziness after 7 weeks of use. Overall, this case series shows, at an individual patient level, that the benefits of nabiximols extend beyond spasticity to include spasticity-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Heibel
- Sauerlandklinik Hachen, MS-Spezialklinik, Sundern–Hachen, Germany
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Deligiannis D, Anastasiou I, Mitropoulos D, Mitsos P, Theocharis S. Clinical Importance of Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor (CB1R) and Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor (CB2R) Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e55121. [PMID: 38420293 PMCID: PMC10901042 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The purpose of our study was to assess the expression of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) and cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), including positivity, intensity, percentage, site of distribution, and immunohistochemical score, in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and explore their correlation with various clinicopathological aspects. Methodology We retrospectively obtained data and specimens from 87 patients diagnosed with RCC after partial or radical nephrectomy, and the CB1R and CB2R expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded tissues. The results were statistically analyzed uni- and multi-factorial along with clinicopathological parameters. Results CB1R was not expressed at all, and CB2R was highly expressed in 78 (89.7%) patients with RCC. In unifactorial analysis, no statistical significance was found in any of the analyzed parameters. However, in the multifactorial analysis, we found that patients with a papillary histologic type (P < 0.0005) were associated with a lower likelihood of expression of the CB2R in the membranous compared with those with clear-cell and were also associated with a higher likelihood of moderate or strong expression of CB2R immunohistochemical score compared with those with clear-cell (P = 0.03). Patients with stage T2 (P = 0.010) had more enhanced expression (grade 3 CB2R intensity) compared with those with stage T1. Males (beta coefficient ± standard error [SE] 13.70 ± 7.04; P = 0.056) and patients with chromophobe histologic type (beta coefficient ± SE 23.45 ± 9.86; P = 0.020) were associated with a higher percentage of CB2R expression. Conclusions Our data suggest that although the CB1R was not expressed in RCCs, CB2R was expressed in almost every patient and enhanced expression was noted in correlation with specific clinicopathological aspects of the patients. Thus, following well-designed studies, especially CB2R could be used as a prognostic marker or even as a potential therapeutic target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- First Department of Urology, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dionysios Mitropoulos
- First Department of Urology, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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Buonomini C, Bonetti O, Novelli E. Osteopathic Approach in the Stimulation of the Endocannabinoid System: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54848. [PMID: 38533147 PMCID: PMC10964046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is an important neuromodulatory system responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the biological system. Similarly, the autonomic nervous system is important to control involuntary bodily functions such as thermoregulation, regulation of heart rate and sleep latency. The endocannabinoid system and the autonomic nervous system can be modified by osteopathic manipulative techniques. In this report, we present a case of a 53-year-old patient with comorbidities, habitual cannabis use, and disorders associated with the endocannabinoid system and autonomic nervous system, on whom the cranial technique of the fourth ventricle (CV4) was performed. The results obtained from the Pittsburgh Questionnaire and the Health Survey 36 (SF-36) Questionnaire were encouraging. The patient decreased tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption. Her sleep quality and health improved, thus improving her quality of life. CV4 aimed to influence the functioning of the patient's autonomic nervous system and consequently the endocannabinoid system. Further research using randomized controlled trials will be important to have measurable and objective data on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Buonomini
- Osteopathic, Biological, Medical Research, Omicron Beta Research, Roma, ITA
| | - Oliviero Bonetti
- Osteopathic, Biological, Medical Research, Omicron Beta Research, Roma, ITA
| | - Emanuele Novelli
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, ITA
- Osteopathic, Biological, Medical Research, Omicron Beta Research, Roma, ITA
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12
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Wal P, Wal A. CBD: A Potential Lead against Hair Loss, Alopecia, and its Potential Mechanisms. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e200723218949. [PMID: 37475557 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230720153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the majority of the population suffers from the problem of hair loss. It leads to disturbed mental health, lower self-confidence, and a lot more problems. A lot of the hair loss therapies available are not reliable and lead to recurrence and side effects after some time. Cannabinoids (CBD) have recently become quite popular for their benefits against hair loss. CBD oil preparations have been used both internally and externally for oral and topical use, respectively. Due to the presence of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the body, which naturally targets CB1 and CB2 receptors, the control of hair fall is possible. CBD is used topically for hair loss, whereas it is administered orally for the treatment and management of a medical condition, i.e., alopecia. AIM/OBJECTIVE The present review aimed to provide an in-depth study on hair loss and its management using CBD and its associated mechanisms. METHODS Electronic databases, such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley, Springer, and Scopus, were thoroughly searched for information about how CBD is used, how it works, and what role it plays in treating alopecia and hair loss. RESULTS This review has highlighted the use of CBD-based hair loss therapy, and described various types of hair loss and their treatments. This review also details the phytocannabinoids and the potential mechanisms of CBD's activity against hair loss and alopecia. CONCLUSION The data obtained from the literature regarding CBD and hair loss provide a scientific basis for CBD use in alopecia. Additionally, a more precise and comprehensive study concerning CBD needs to be carried out at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH19 Bhaunti Kanpur, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) NH19 Bhaunti Kanpur, India
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13
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Pandey K, Hoda W. Cannabinoids in anesthesia and chronic pain: Where do we stand? Saudi J Anaesth 2024; 18:100-104. [PMID: 38313715 PMCID: PMC10833032 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_710_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis derivatives have been conventionally employed globally for their curative and restorative properties for various ailments. However, its recreational use and consequent legal restrictions have substantially cramped its scientific research. An emerging interest regarding the profound therapeutic potential of cannabinoids has been observed among clinicians. Despite a rich cultural background, high-quality research on cannabinoids is lacking in the Indian scenario. This review readdresses the challenges on this front and brings an insight into the current status of cannabinoids and their utility in scientific exploration. Cannabinoids have a significant medicinal value in various clinical disorders. Its use so far has been based on scarce resources and corroborations, as evidence-based substantiation is limited. Through this review article, we emphasize the remarkable role enacted by cannabinoids in the treatment of various clinical disorders and an utterly significant need to formulate stringent research methodologies to promote its systematic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Pandey
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Wasimul Hoda
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Bariatu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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14
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Bathula PP, Maciver MB. Cannabinoids in Treating Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer-Associated Pain, and Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:74. [PMID: 38203245 PMCID: PMC10779013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used as an herbal remedy for thousands of years, and recent research indicates promising new uses in medicine. So far, some studies have shown cannabinoids to be safe in helping mitigate some cancer-associated complications, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, cancer-associated pain, and tumor growth. Researchers have been particularly interested in the potential uses of cannabinoids in treating cancer due to their ability to regulate cancer-related cell cycle pathways, prompting many beneficial effects, such as tumor growth prevention, cell cycle obstruction, and cell death. Cannabinoids have been found to affect tumors of the brain, prostate, colon and rectum, breast, uterus, cervix, thyroid, skin, pancreas, and lymph. However, the full potential of cannabinoids is yet to be understood. This review discusses current knowledge on the promising applications of cannabinoids in treating three different side effects of cancer-chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, cancer-associated pain, and tumor development. The findings suggest that cannabinoids can be used to address some side effects of cancer and to limit the growth of tumors, though a lack of supporting clinical trials presents a challenge for use on actual patients. An additional challenge will be examining whether any of the over one hundred naturally occurring cannabinoids or dozens of synthetic compounds also exhibit useful clinical properties. Currently, clinical trials are underway; however, no regulatory agencies have approved cannabinoid use for any cancer symptoms beyond antinausea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Bruce Maciver
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
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15
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Osuna-Ramos JF, Camberos-Barraza J, Torres-Mondragón LE, Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Camacho-Zamora A, Valdez-Flores MA, Angulo-Rojo CE, Guadrón-Llanos AM, Picos-Cárdenas VJ, Calderón-Zamora L, Magaña-Gómez JA, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Cárdenas-Torres FI, De la Herrán-Arita AK. Interplay between the Glymphatic System and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Brain Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17458. [PMID: 38139290 PMCID: PMC10743431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms governing brain health and function have long been subjects of extensive investigation. Recent research has shed light on two pivotal systems, the glymphatic system and the endocannabinoid system, and their profound role within the central nervous system. The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste clearance system within the brain that facilitates the efficient removal of toxic waste products and metabolites from the central nervous system. It relies on the unique properties of the brain's extracellular space and is primarily driven by cerebrospinal fluid and glial cells. Conversely, the endocannabinoid system, a multifaceted signaling network, is intricately involved in diverse physiological processes and has been associated with modulating synaptic plasticity, nociception, affective states, appetite regulation, and immune responses. This scientific review delves into the intricate interconnections between these two systems, exploring their combined influence on brain health and disease. By elucidating the synergistic effects of glymphatic function and endocannabinoid signaling, this review aims to deepen our understanding of their implications for neurological disorders, immune responses, and cognitive well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Osuna-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Josué Camberos-Barraza
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Laura E. Torres-Mondragón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Maestría en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Ángel R. Rábago-Monzón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier A. Magaña-Gómez
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Gastronomy, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
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16
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AlKhelb D, Burke EL, Zvonok A, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Georgiadis MO, Jiang S, Ho TC, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A, Desai RI. Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176168. [PMID: 38059442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic forms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), dronabinol or nabilone, have been approved to treat several indications. However, due to safety concerns their clinical utility remains limited. Consequently, there is a need for developing cannabinoid (CB) ligands that display better behavioral pharmacological profiles than Δ9-THC. Here, we utilized drug discrimination methods to compare the interoceptive effects of CB ligands that vary in potency, efficacy, and selectivity at the CB receptors, including two ligands, AM411 and AM4089, that show CB1 partial agonist-like actions in vitro. Male rats were trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg AM2201 from saline under a fixed-ratio (FR) 10 response schedule of food reinforcement. After establishing AM2201's discriminative-stimulus effects, pretreatment tests with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant blocked AM2201's effects, whereas the peripherally-restricted antagonist AM6545 had no effect. Next, the generalization profiles of AM411 and AM4089 with CB1 full agonists (JWH-018, CP-55,940, AM8936), partial agonist (Δ9-THC), and non-cannabinoids (fentanyl, atropine) were compared. The CBs either fully (AM2201, CP-55,940, JWH-018, AM8936, Δ9-THC) or partially (AM411, AM4089) substituted for AM2201, whereas fentanyl and atropine did not produce AM2201-like effects. All CB drugs were more potent than Δ9-THC and correlation analysis confirmed that the relative behavioral potencies of CBs corresponded strongly with their relative affinities at the CB1 but not CB2 receptors. Together, our results further demonstrate that AM411 and AM4089 exhibit better pharmacological profiles compared to Δ9-THC, in that they are more potent and display in vivo partial agonist-like actions that are centrally mediated via CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal AlKhelb
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emily L Burke
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Zvonok
- MAK Scientific LLC, 151 South Bedford Street, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Christos Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thanh C Ho
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; MAK Scientific LLC, 151 South Bedford Street, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA.
| | - Rajeev I Desai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Biology Program, Integrative Neurochemistry Laboratory, McLean Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Hassan FU, Liu C, Mehboob M, Bilal RM, Arain MA, Siddique F, Chen F, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi P, Lv B, Lin Q. Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285052. [PMID: 38111585 PMCID: PMC10726122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are a group of bioactive compounds abundantly present in Cannabis sativa plant. The active components of cannabis with therapeutic potential are known as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are divided into three groups: plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic cannabinoids. These compounds play a crucial role in the regulation various physiological processes including the immune modulation by interacting with the endocannabinoid system (A complex cell-signaling system). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) stimulates the binding of orexigenic peptides and inhibits the attachment of anorexigenic proteins to hypothalamic neurons in mammals, increasing food intake. Digestibility is unaffected by the presence of any cannabinoids in hemp stubble. Endogenous cannabinoids are also important for the peripheral control of lipid processing in adipose tissue, in addition to their role in the hypothalamus regulation of food intake. Regardless of the kind of synaptic connection or the length of the transmission, endocannabinoids play a crucial role in inhibiting synaptic transmission through a number of mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD) mainly influences redox equilibrium through intrinsic mechanisms. Useful effects of cannabinoids in animals have been mentioned e.g., for disorders of the cardiovascular system, pain treatment, disorders of the respiratory system or metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation of cannabinoids has shown positive effects on health, growth and production performance of small and large animals. Animal fed diet supplemented with hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hemp seed cake (143 g/kg DM) had achieved batter performance without any detrimental effects. But the higher level of hemp or cannabinoid supplementation suppress immune functions and reduce productive performance. With an emphasis on the poultry and ruminants, this review aims to highlight the properties of cannabinoids and their derivatives as well as their significance as a potential feed additive in their diets to improve the immune status and health performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Maryam Mehboob
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Siddique
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jingmeng Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Biguang Lv
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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18
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Malek A, Ahmadi Badi S, Karimi G, Bizouarn T, Irian S, Siadat SD. The effect of Bacteroides fragilis and its postbiotics on the expression of genes involved in the endocannabinoid system and intestinal epithelial integrity in Caco-2 cells. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1417-1424. [PMID: 37975078 PMCID: PMC10638345 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Gut microbiota and its derivatives by constantly interacting with the host, regulate the host function. Intestinal epithelium integrity is under the control of various factors including the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the effect of Bacteroides fragilis and its postbiotics (i.e., heat-inactivated, cell-free supernatants (CFS) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)) on the expression of genes involved in ECS (cnr1, faah, pparg) and the epithelial barrier permeability (ocln, tjp1) in a Caco-2 cell line. Methods Caco-2 cell line was treated with live or heat-inactivated B. fragilis at MOIs of 50 and 100, or stimulated with 7% V/V CFS and B. fragilis OMVs at a dose of 50 and 100 µg/ml overnight. RT-qPCR was applied for expression analysis. Results Heat-inactivated B. fragilis induced cnr1, pparg, tjp1, and suppressed faah expression, while live B. fragilis had the opposite effect. OMVs increased pparg, and tjp1 expression by reducing the activity of ECS through an increase in faah and a reduction in cnr1 expression. Finally, an increase in the expression of pparg and ocln, and a reduction in the expression of cnr1 was detected in Caco-2 cells treated with CFS. Conclusion The live and heat-inactivated B. fragilis inversely affected cnr1, faah, pparg, and tjp1 expression in Caco-2 cells. Increased tjp1 mRNA levels by affecting the expression of ECS related genes is taken as an indication of the potential beneficial effects of B. fragilis postbiotics and making them potential candidates for improving permeability in the leaky gut syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01264-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Malek
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Orsay, 91405 France
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Zamith Cunha R, Semprini A, Salamanca G, Gobbo F, Morini M, Pickles KJ, Roberts V, Chiocchetti R. Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15949. [PMID: 37958932 PMCID: PMC10648827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Neurons and glial cells were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace® and an antibody directed against the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Macrophages were identified by means of an antibody directed against the macrophages/microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). The protein expression of CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1, and PPARɣ was found in the majority of TG neurons in both cryosections and FFPE sections. The expression of GPR55 immunoreactivity was mainly detectable in FFPE sections, with expression in the majority of sensory neurons. Some receptors were also observed in glial cells (CB2R, TRPV1, PPARγ, and GPR55) and inflammatory cells (PPARγ and GPR55). These results support further investigation of such receptors in disorders of equine trigeminal neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zamith Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alberto Semprini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Kirstie J. Pickles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Veronica Roberts
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
| | - Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
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21
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Sun A, Liu H, Sun M, Yang W, Liu J, Lin Y, Shi X, Sun J, Liu L. Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies targeting gut-X axis against diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115577. [PMID: 37757494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can coordinate with different tissues and organs to maintain human health, which derives the concept of the gut-X axis. Conversely, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota leads to the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as neurological diseases, liver diseases, and even cancers. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota offers new opportunities in the field of medicines. Antibiotics, probiotics or other treatments might restore unbalanced gut microbiota, which effects do not match what people have expected. Recently, nanomedicines with the high targeting ability and reduced toxicity make them an appreciative choice for relieving disease through targeting gut-X axis. Considering this paradigm-setting trend, the current review summarizes the advancements in gut microbiota and its related nanomedicines. Specifically, this article introduces the immunological effects of gut microbiota, summarizes the gut-X axis-associated diseases, and highlights the nanotherapeutics-mediated treatment via remolding the gut-X axis. Moreover, this review also discusses the challenges in studies related to nanomedicines targeting the gut microbiota and offers the future perspective, thereby aiming at charting a course toward clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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22
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Kouchaeknejad A, Van Der Walt G, De Donato MH, Puighermanal E. Imaging and Genetic Tools for the Investigation of the Endocannabinoid System in the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15829. [PMID: 37958825 PMCID: PMC10648052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders present an increasing cause of global morbidity, mortality, and high pressure on our healthcare system, there is an urgent need for new insights and treatment options. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a critical network of endogenous compounds, receptors, and enzymes that contribute to CNS development and regulation. Given its multifaceted involvement in neurobiology and its significance in various CNS disorders, the ECS as a whole is considered a promising therapeutic target. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the ECS's role in the CNS, its complex architecture and extensive crosstalk with other biological systems present challenges for research and clinical advancements. To bridge these knowledge gaps and unlock the full therapeutic potential of ECS interventions in CNS-related disorders, a plethora of molecular-genetic tools have been developed in recent years. Here, we review some of the most impactful tools for investigating the neurological aspects of the ECS. We first provide a brief introduction to the ECS components, including cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and metabolic enzymes, emphasizing their complexity. This is followed by an exploration of cutting-edge imaging tools and genetic models aimed at elucidating the roles of these principal ECS components. Special emphasis is placed on their relevance in the context of CNS and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Puighermanal
- Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.K.); (G.V.D.W.); (M.H.D.D.)
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23
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Haller J. Anxiety Modulation by Cannabinoids-The Role of Stress Responses and Coping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15777. [PMID: 37958761 PMCID: PMC10650718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids were implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including anxiety and are considered promising new targets for anxiolytic drug development. The optimism concerning the potentials of this system for anxiolysis is probably justified. However, the complexity of the mechanisms affected by endocannabinoids, and discrepant findings obtained with various experimental approaches makes the interpretation of research results difficult. Here, we review the anxiety-related effects of the three main interventions used to study the endocannabinoid system: pharmacological agents active at endocannabinoid-binding sites present on both the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, genetic manipulations targeting cannabinoid receptors, and function-enhancers represented by inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation and transport. Binding-site ligands provide inconsistent findings probably because they activate a multitude of mechanisms concomitantly. More robust findings were obtained with genetic manipulations and particularly with function enhancers, which heighten ongoing endocannabinoid activation rather than affecting all mechanisms indiscriminately. The enhancement of ongoing activity appears to ameliorate stress-induced anxiety without consistent effects on anxiety in general. Limited evidence suggests that this effect is achieved by promoting active coping styles in critical situations. These findings suggest that the functional enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling is a promising drug development target for stress-related anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Haller
- Drug Research Institute, 1137 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Criminal Psychology, University of Public Service, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Singh K, Bhushan B, Chanchal DK, Sharma SK, Rani K, Yadav MK, Porwal P, Kumar S, Sharma A, Virmani T, Kumar G, Noman AA. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:8825358. [PMID: 37868743 PMCID: PMC10586905 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8825358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa, has gained remarkable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. This thorough analysis explores the increasing significance of CBD in treating neurological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, which present major healthcare concerns on a worldwide scale. Despite the lack of available therapies, CBD has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological effects in preclinical and clinical studies, making it an intriguing competitor. This review brings together the most recent findings on the endocannabinoid and neurotransmitter systems, as well as anti-inflammatory pathways, that underlie CBD's modes of action. Synthesized efficacy and safety assessments for a range of neurological illnesses are included, covering human trials, in vitro studies, and animal models. The investigation includes how CBD could protect neurons, control neuroinflammation, fend off oxidative stress, and manage neuronal excitability. This study emphasizes existing clinical studies and future possibilities in CBD research, addressing research issues such as regulatory complications and contradicting results, and advocates for further investigation of therapeutic efficacy and ideal dose methodologies. By emphasizing CBD's potential to improve patient well-being, this investigation presents a revised viewpoint on its suitability as a therapeutic intervention for neurological illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Chanchal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ketki Rani
- Department of Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Chhalesar Campus, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prateek Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, 121105, Palwal, Haryana, India
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25
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Lin A, Dent GL, Davies S, Dominguez ZM, Cioffredi LA, McLemore GL, Maxwell JR. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure: why expecting individuals should take a pregnancy pause from using cannabinoid products. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1278227. [PMID: 37886232 PMCID: PMC10598870 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1278227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid use in all populations is increasing as legalization across the United States continues. Concerningly, there is a lack of caution provided by medical providers to pregnant individuals as to the impact the use of cannabinoids could have on the developing fetus. Research continues in both the preclinical and clinical areas, and is severely needed, as the potency of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, has increased dramatically since the initial studies were completed. Thus far, clinical studies raise compelling evidence for short term memory deficits, impulse control issues, and attention deficiencies following prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE). These changes may be mediated through epigenetic modifications that not only impact the current offspring but could carry forward to future generations. While additional studies are needed, a pregnancy pause from cannabinoid products should be strongly recommended by providers to ensure the optimal health and well-being of our future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lin
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN, United States
| | - Gelonia L. Dent
- Department of Mathematics, Medgar Evers College, CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Zarena M. Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | | | - Jessie R. Maxwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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26
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Wences Chirino T, Rangel López E, Luna Angulo A, Carrillo Mora P, Landa Solis C, Samudio Cruz MA, Fuentes Bello AC, Paniagua Pérez R, Ríos Martínez J, Sánchez Chapul L. Crosstalk between Exercise-Derived Endocannabinoidome and Kynurenines: Potential Target Therapies for Obesity and Depression Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1421. [PMID: 37895892 PMCID: PMC10609722 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are known to be deregulated in depression and obesity; however, it has been recognized that acute physical exercise has an important modulating role inducing changes in the mobilization of their respective metabolites-endocannabinoids (eCBs) and kynurenines (KYNs)-which overlap at some points, acting as important antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and discuss some recently performed studies to investigate the potential interactions between both systems, particularly those related to exercise-derived endocannabinoidome and kynurenine mechanisms, and to elucidate how prescription of physical exercise could represent a new approach for the clinical management of these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wences Chirino
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Edgar Rangel López
- Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alexandra Luna Angulo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Paul Carrillo Mora
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (P.C.M.); (M.A.S.C.)
| | - Carlos Landa Solis
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy, and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - María Alejandra Samudio Cruz
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (P.C.M.); (M.A.S.C.)
| | - Alim C. Fuentes Bello
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Rogelio Paniagua Pérez
- Biochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Juan Ríos Martínez
- Health Sciences Research Institute, Mexican Navy, Mexico City 04470, Mexico;
| | - Laura Sánchez Chapul
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
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Coelho MP, Duarte P, Calado M, Almeida AJ, Reis CP, Gaspar MM. The current role of cannabis and cannabinoids in health: A comprehensive review of their therapeutic potential. Life Sci 2023; 329:121838. [PMID: 37290668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increased interest of the scientific community in cannabis and its constituents for therapeutic purposes. Although it is believed that cannabinoids can be effective for a few different conditions and syndromes, there are little objective data that clearly support the use of cannabis, cannabis extracts or even cannabidiol (CBD) oil. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the treatment of several diseases. A broad search covering the past five years, was performed in PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases, to identify papers focusing on the use of medical phytocannabinoids in terms of tolerability, efficacy and safety. Accordingly, there are preclinical data supporting the use of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the management of neurological pathologies, acute and chronical pain, cancer, psychiatric disorders and chemotherapy-induced emetic symptoms. However, regarding the clinical trials, most of the collected data do not fully support the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of such conditions. Consequently, more studies are still needed to clarify ascertain if the use of these compounds is useful in the management of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto Coelho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Calado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; IBEB, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Manuela Gaspar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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28
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Sermsaksasithorn P, Nopsopon T, Samuthpongtorn C, Chotirosniramit K, Pongpirul K. Cannabis and cannabinoids in dermatology: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative outcomes. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075007. [PMID: 37699631 PMCID: PMC10503344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the discovery of various effects on skin function by modifying endocannabinoid systems, multiple preclinical studies have revealed the promise of cannabis and cannabinoids in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases. However, its clinical efficacy is still debated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol has been prepared using the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols guidelines. A systematic search will be conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. We will include randomised controlled trials and observational studies investigating alterations to dermatological characteristics following administration of cannabis and cannabinoids for dermatological diseases and disorders. The two reviewers will perform both the title and abstract and full-text screenings. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 and ROBINS-1 tools will be used to evaluate the risk of bias. If a group of comparable studies for each quantitative outcome can be discovered, we will conduct a random effects meta-analysis. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot, the Cochran's Q test and Higgins' test [I2]. Sensitivity analyses will be performed to assess the statistical robustness of the primary outcome. To evaluate a publication bias, the Egger's regression asymmetry test and funnel plots will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval because no original data will be collected. The findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023397189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Sermsaksasithorn
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chatpol Samuthpongtorn
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Korn Chotirosniramit
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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29
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Vered S, Beiser AS, Sulimani L, Sznitman S, Gonzales MM, Aparicio HJ, DeCarli C, Scott MR, Ghosh S, Lewitus GM, Meiri D, Seshadri S, Weinstein G. The association of circulating endocannabinoids with neuroimaging and blood biomarkers of neuro-injury. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:154. [PMID: 37700370 PMCID: PMC10496329 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies highlight the importance of endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids; eCBs) in neurodegeneration. Yet, prior observational studies focused on limited outcome measures and assessed only few eCB compounds while largely ignoring the complexity of the eCB system. We examined the associations of multiple circulating eCBs and eCB-like molecules with early markers of neurodegeneration and neuro-injury and tested for effect modification by sex. METHODS This exploratory cross-sectional study included a random sample of 237 dementia-free older participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who attended examination cycle 9 (2011-2014), were 65 years or older, and cognitively healthy. Forty-four eCB compounds were quantified in serum, via liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations of eCB levels with brain MRI measures (i.e., total cerebral brain volume, gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensities volume) and blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neuro-injury (i.e., total tau, neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1). All models were adjusted for potential confounders and effect modification by sex was examined. RESULTS Participants mean age was 73.3 ± 6.2 years, and 40% were men. After adjustment for potential confounders and correction for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant associations were observed between eCB levels and the study outcomes. However, we identified multiple sex-specific associations between eCB levels and the various study outcomes. For example, high linoleoyl ethanolamide (LEA) levels were related to decreased hippocampal volume among men and to increased hippocampal volume among women (β ± SE = - 0.12 ± 0.06, p = 0.034 and β ± SE = 0.08 ± 0.04, p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Circulating eCBs may play a role in neuro-injury and may explain sex differences in susceptibility to accelerated brain aging. Particularly, our results highlight the possible involvement of eCBs from the N-acyl amino acids and fatty acid ethanolamide classes and suggest specific novel fatty acid compounds that may be implicated in brain aging. Furthermore, investigation of the eCBs contribution to neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease in humans is warranted, especially with prospective study designs and among diverse populations, including premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Vered
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Liron Sulimani
- The Kleifeld Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharon Sznitman
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Mitzi M Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Matthew R Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Saptaparni Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Gil M Lewitus
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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Mikaeili H, Habib AM, Yeung CWL, Santana-Varela S, Luiz AP, Panteleeva K, Zuberi S, Athanasiou-Fragkouli A, Houlden H, Wood JN, Okorokov AL, Cox JJ. Molecular basis of FAAH-OUT-associated human pain insensitivity. Brain 2023; 146:3851-3865. [PMID: 37222214 PMCID: PMC10473560 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide and new treatments are needed urgently. One way to identify novel analgesic strategies is to understand the biological dysfunctions that lead to human inherited pain insensitivity disorders. Here we report how the recently discovered brain and dorsal root ganglia-expressed FAAH-OUT long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene, which was found from studying a pain-insensitive patient with reduced anxiety and fast wound healing, regulates the adjacent key endocannabinoid system gene FAAH, which encodes the anandamide-degrading fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme. We demonstrate that the disruption in FAAH-OUT lncRNA transcription leads to DNMT1-dependent DNA methylation within the FAAH promoter. In addition, FAAH-OUT contains a conserved regulatory element, FAAH-AMP, that acts as an enhancer for FAAH expression. Furthermore, using transcriptomic analyses in patient-derived cells we have uncovered a network of genes that are dysregulated from disruption of the FAAH-FAAH-OUT axis, thus providing a coherent mechanistic basis to understand the human phenotype observed. Given that FAAH is a potential target for the treatment of pain, anxiety, depression and other neurological disorders, this new understanding of the regulatory role of the FAAH-OUT gene provides a platform for the development of future gene and small molecule therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Mikaeili
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Abdella M Habib
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Charlix Wai-Lok Yeung
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sonia Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana P Luiz
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kseniia Panteleeva
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sana Zuberi
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrei L Okorokov
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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31
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Kalkan H, Panza E, Pagano E, Ercolano G, Moriello C, Piscitelli F, Sztretye M, Capasso R, Di Marzo V, Iannotti FA. Dysfunctional endocannabinoid CB1 receptor expression and signaling contribute to skeletal muscle cell toxicity induced by simvastatin. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:544. [PMID: 37612317 PMCID: PMC10447569 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering agents worldwide. Their use is generally safe, although muscular toxicity occurs in about 1 in 10.000 patients. In this study, we explored the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) during muscle toxicity induced by simvastatin. In murine C2C12 myoblasts exposed to simvastatin, levels of the endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG as well the expression of specific miRNAs (in particular miR-152) targeting the endocannabinoid CB1 gene were increased in a time-dependent manner. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 antagonist, exacerbated simvastatin-induced toxicity in myoblasts, while only a weak opposite effect was observed with ACEA and GAT211, selective orthosteric and allosteric agonists of CB1 receptor, respectively. In antagomiR152-transfected myoblasts, simvastatin toxicity was in part prevented together with the functional rescue of CB1. Further analyses revealed that simvastatin in C2C12 cells also suppresses PKC and ERK signaling pathways, which are instead activated downstream of CB1 receptor stimulation, thus adding more insight into the mechanism causing CB1 functional inactivation. Importantly, simvastatin induced similar alterations in skeletal muscles of C57BL/6 J mice and primary human myoblasts. In sum, we identified the dysregulated expression of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor as well as the impairment of its downstream signaling pathways as a novel pathological mechanism involved in statin-induced myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kalkan
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | - Mónika Sztretye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec and Institut Sur la Nutrition et Les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy.
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32
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Christensen C, Rose M, Cornett C, Allesø M. Decoding the Postulated Entourage Effect of Medicinal Cannabis: What It Is and What It Isn't. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2323. [PMID: 37626819 PMCID: PMC10452568 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'entourage effect' term was originally coined in a pre-clinical study observing endogenous bio-inactive metabolites potentiating the activity of a bioactive endocannabinoid. As a hypothetical afterthought, this was proposed to hold general relevance to the usage of products based on Cannabis sativa L. The term was later juxtaposed to polypharmacy pertaining to full-spectrum medicinal Cannabis products exerting an overall higher effect than the single compounds. Since the emergence of the term, a discussion of its pharmacological foundation and relevance has been ongoing. Advocates suggest that the 'entourage effect' is the reason many patients experience an overall better effect from full-spectrum products. Critics state that the term is unfounded and used primarily for marketing purposes in the Cannabis industry. This scoping review aims to segregate the primary research claiming as well as disputing the existence of the 'entourage effect' from a pharmacological perspective. The literature on this topic is in its infancy. Existing pre-clinical and clinical studies are in general based on simplistic methodologies and show contradictory findings, with the clinical data mostly relying on anecdotal and real-world evidence. We propose that the 'entourage effect' is explained by traditional pharmacological terms pertaining to other plant-based medicinal products and polypharmacy in general (e.g., synergistic interactions and bioenhancement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Christensen
- Tetra Pharm Technologies ApS, Rugmarken 10, DK-3650 Ølstykke, Denmark; (M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin Rose
- Tetra Pharm Technologies ApS, Rugmarken 10, DK-3650 Ølstykke, Denmark; (M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Claus Cornett
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Morten Allesø
- Tetra Pharm Technologies ApS, Rugmarken 10, DK-3650 Ølstykke, Denmark; (M.R.); (M.A.)
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33
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Wiciński M, Fajkiel-Madajczyk A, Kurant Z, Gryczka K, Kurant D, Szambelan M, Malinowski B, Falkowski M, Zabrzyński J, Słupski M. The Use of Cannabidiol in Metabolic Syndrome-An Opportunity to Improve the Patient's Health or Much Ado about Nothing? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4620. [PMID: 37510734 PMCID: PMC10380672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis-derived therapies are gaining popularity in the medical world. More and more perfect forms of cannabinoids are sought, which could be used in the treatment of many common diseases, including metabolic syndrome, whose occurrence is also increasing. The purpose of this review was to investigate the usefulness of cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), in individuals with obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, high blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We summarised the most recent research on the broad topic of cannabis-derived influence on metabolic syndrome components. Since there is a lot of work on the effects of Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) on metabolism and far less on cannabidiol, we felt it needed to be sorted out and summarised in this review. The research results on the use of cannabidiol in obesity are contraindicatory. When it comes to glucose homeostasis, it appears that CBD maintains it, sensitises adipose tissue to insulin, and reduces fasting glucose levels, so it seems to be a potential target in this kind of metabolic disorder, but some research results are inconclusive. CBD shows some promising results in the treatment of various lipid disorders. Some studies have proven its positive effect by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL as well. Despite their probable efficacy, CBD and its derivatives will likely remain an adjunctive treatment rather than a mainstay of therapy. Studies have also shown that CBD in patients with hypertension has positive effects, even though the hypotensive properties of cannabidiol are small. However, CBD can be used to prevent blood pressure surges, stabilise them, and have a protective effect on blood vessels. Results from preclinical studies have shown that the effect of cannabidiol on NAFLD may be potentially beneficial in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its components. Nevertheless, there is limited data on CBD and NAFLD in human studies. Because of the numerous confounding factors, the conclusions are unclear, and more research in this field is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Fajkiel-Madajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Gryczka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominik Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michal Falkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Yan C, Li Y, Liu H, Chen D, Wu J. Antitumor mechanism of cannabidiol hidden behind cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188905. [PMID: 37164234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been utilized for recreational and therapeutic purposes for over 4,000 years. As the primary ingredient in exogenous cannabinoids, Cannabidiol (CBD) has drawn a lot of interest from researchers due to its negligible psychotropic side effects and potential tumor-suppressing properties. However, the obscure mechanisms that underlie them remain a mystery. Complex biological mechanisms are involved in the progression of cancer, and malignancies have a variety of acquired biological capabilities, including sustained proliferation, death evasion, neovascularization, tissue invasion and metastasis, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, induction of tumor-associated inflammation, cancerous stemness and genomic instability. Nowadays, the role of CBD hidden in these hallmarks is gradually revealed. Nevertheless, flaws or inconsistencies in the recent studies addressing the anti-cancer effects of CBD still exist. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the role of CBD in a range of tumor-acquired biological capabilities. We propose potential drugs that may have a synergistic effect with CBD and provide optional directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobiao Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Cho AYH, Chung H, Romero-Parra J, Kumar P, Allarà M, Ligresti A, Gallardo-Garrido C, Pessoa-Mahana H, Faúndez M, Pessoa-Mahana CD. Motifs in Natural Products as Useful Scaffolds to Obtain Novel Benzo[ d]imidazole-Based Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10918. [PMID: 37446093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) constitutes a broad-spectrum modulator of homeostasis in mammals, providing therapeutic opportunities for several pathologies. Its two main receptors, cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors, mediate anti-inflammatory responses; however, their differing patterns of expression make the development of CB2-selective ligands therapeutically more attractive. The benzo[d]imidazole ring is considered to be a privileged scaffold in drug discovery and has demonstrated its versatility in the development of molecules with varied pharmacologic properties. On the other hand, the main psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can be structurally described as an aliphatic terpenoid motif fused to an aromatic polyphenolic (resorcinol) structure. Inspired by the structure of this phytocannabinoid, we combined different natural product motifs with a benzo[d]imidazole scaffold to obtain a new library of compounds targeting the CB2 receptor. Here, we synthesized 26 new compounds, out of which 15 presented CB2 binding and 3 showed potent agonist activity. SAR analysis indicated that the presence of bulky aliphatic or aromatic natural product motifs at position 2 of the benzo[d]imidazoles ring linked by an electronegative atom is essential for receptor recognition, while substituents with moderate bulkiness at position 1 of the heterocyclic core also participate in receptor recognition. Compounds 5, 6, and 16 were further characterized through in vitro cAMP functional assay, showing potent EC50 values between 20 and 3 nM, and compound 6 presented a significant difference between the EC50 of pharmacologic activity (3.36 nM) and IC50 of toxicity (30-38 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Young Hwa Cho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Poulami Kumar
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carlos Gallardo-Garrido
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Carlos David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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36
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Alam MR, Singh S. Neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease targeting opioid and cannabinoid receptors, understanding the role of NLRP3 pathway: a novel therapeutic approach. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01259-0. [PMID: 37318694 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. Although levodopa is the primary medication for PD, its long-term use is associated with complications such as dyskinesia and drug resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting opioid and cannabinoid receptors as innovative strategies for PD treatment. Modulating opioid transmission, particularly through activating µ (MOR) and δ (DOR) receptors while inhibiting κ (KOR) receptors, shows promise in preventing motor complications and reducing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Opioids also possess neuroprotective properties and play a role in neuroprotection and seizure control. Similar to this, endocannabinoid signalling via CB1 and CB2 receptors influences the basal ganglia and may contribute to PD pathophysiology, making it a potential therapeutic target. In addition to opioid and cannabinoid receptor targeting, the NLRP3 pathway, implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, emerges as another potential therapeutic avenue for PD. Recent studies suggest that targeting this pathway holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for PD management. This comprehensive review focuses on neuromodulation and novel therapeutic approaches for PD, specifically highlighting the targeting of opioid and cannabinoid receptors and the NLRP3 pathway. A better understanding of these mechanisms has the potential to enhance the quality of life for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyaz Alam
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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37
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Wyrobnik I, Steinberg M, Gelfand A, Rosenblum R, Eid Mutlak Y, Sulimani L, Procaccia S, Ofran Y, Novak-Kotzer H, Meiri D. Decreased melanoma CSF-1 secretion by Cannabigerol treatment reprograms regulatory myeloid cells and reduces tumor progression. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219164. [PMID: 37325437 PMCID: PMC10262794 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During solid tumor progression, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves into a highly immunosuppressive milieu. Key players in the immunosuppressive environment are regulatory myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are recruited and activated via tumor-secreted cytokines such as colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). Therefore, the depletion of tumor-secreted cytokines is a leading anticancer strategy. Here, we found that CSF-1 secretion by melanoma cells is decreased following treatment with Cannabis extracts. Cannabigerol (CBG) was identified as the bioactive cannabinoid responsible for the effects. Conditioned media from cells treated with pure CBG or the high-CBG extract reduced the expansion and macrophage transition of the monocytic-MDSC subpopulation. Treated MO-MDSCs also expressed lower levels of iNOS, leading to restored CD8+ T-cell activation. Tumor-bearing mice treated with CBG presented reduced tumor progression, lower TAM frequencies and reduced TAM/M1 ratio. A combination of CBG and αPD-L1 was more effective in reducing tumor progression, enhancing survival and increasing the infiltration of activated cytotoxic T-cells than each treatment separately. We show a novel mechanism for CBG in modulating the TME and enhancing immune checkpoint blockade therapy, underlining its promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of a variety of tumors with elevated CSF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wyrobnik
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miryam Steinberg
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Gelfand
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Rosenblum
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Eid Mutlak
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liron Sulimani
- The Kleifeld Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cannasoul Analytics, Caesarea, Israel
| | - Shiri Procaccia
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Novak-Kotzer
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Watkins BA, Newman JW, Kuchel GA, Fiehn O, Kim J. Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid and Glucose Systemic Metabolic Changes in the Mouse. Nutrients 2023; 15:2679. [PMID: 37375583 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in regulating whole body energy balance. Overactivation of the ECS has been associated with the negative consequence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Since activators of the ECS rely on lipid-derived ligands, an investigation was conducted to determine whether dietary PUFA could influence the ECS to affect glucose clearance by measuring metabolites of macronutrient metabolism. C57/blk6 mice were fed a control or DHA-enriched semi-purified diet for a period of 112 d. Plasma, skeletal muscle, and liver were collected after 56 d and 112 d of feeding the diets for metabolomics analysis. Key findings characterized a shift in glucose metabolism and greater catabolism of fatty acids in mice fed the DHA diet. Glucose use and promotion of fatty acids as substrate were found based on levels of metabolic pathway intermediates and altered metabolic changes related to pathway flux with DHA feeding. Greater levels of DHA-derived glycerol lipids were found subsequently leading to the decrease of arachidonate-derived endocannabinoids (eCB). Levels of 1- and 2-arachidonylglcerol eCB in muscle and liver were lower in the DHA diet group compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that DHA feeding in mice alters macronutrient metabolism and may restore ECS tone by lowering arachidonic acid derived eCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Watkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH UC Davis West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Johnson JK, Colby A. History of Cannabis Regulation and Medicinal Therapeutics: It's Complicated. Clin Ther 2023; 45:521-526. [PMID: 37414502 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cannabis has a complex history, with great variations in the genus itself, as well as in its current uses worldwide. Today, it is the most commonly used psychoactive substance, with 209 million users in 2020. The legalization of cannabis for medicinal or adult use is complex. From its origins as a therapeutic agent in 2800 bc China, to the current knowledge on cannabinoids and the cannabinoid system, to the complex status of cannabis regulation across continents-knowledge gained from the history of cannabis use can inform research on cannabis-based treatments for patients with medical conditions that remain challenging in 21st century medicine, warranting research and evidence-based policy options. Changes in cannabis-related policymaking, scientific advances, and perceptions may result in increasing patient inquiries about its medicinal usage, regardless of personal opinions, thus meriting education and training of clinicians. This commentary outlines the long history of cannabis use, its current therapeutic potential from a regulatory research perspective, and the continued challenges in research and regulation in the ever-changing era of modern cannabis use. It is crucial to understand the history and complexity of cannabis use as medicine to better understand its potential for clinical therapeutics and the effects of modern-day legalization on other health- and society-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Johnson
- Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Alexander Colby
- Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Scandiffio R, Bonzano S, Cottone E, Shrestha S, Bossi S, De Marchis S, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Beta-Caryophyllene Modifies Intracellular Lipid Composition in a Cell Model of Hepatic Steatosis by Acting through CB2 and PPAR Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076060. [PMID: 37047034 PMCID: PMC10094507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease; however, no specific pharmacological therapy has yet been approved for this condition. Plant-derived extracts can be an important source for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phytocannabinoid recently found to be beneficial against metabolic diseases, on HepG2 steatotic hepatocytes. Using a fluorescence-based lipid quantification assay and GC-MS analysis, we show that BCP is able to decrease lipid accumulation in steatotic conditions and to change the typical steatotic lipid profile by primarily reducing saturated fatty acids. By employing specific antagonists, we demonstrate that BCP action is mediated by multiple receptors: CB2 cannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and γ (PPARγ). Interestingly, BCP was able to counteract the increase in CB2 and the reduction in PPARα receptor expression observed in steatotic conditions. Moreover, through immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that CB2 receptors are mainly intracellularly localized and that BCP is internalized in HepG2 cells with a maximum peak at 2 h, suggesting a direct interaction with intracellular receptors. The results obtained with BCP in normal and steatotic hepatocytes encourage future applications in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sujata Shrestha
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Yu MH, Yang Q, Zhang YP, Wang JH, Zhang RJZ, Liu ZG, Liu XC. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55, 212-2 Attenuates Injury in the Hippocampus of Rats after Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030525. [PMID: 36979335 PMCID: PMC10046860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative neurological deficits remain a challenge in cardiac surgery employing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of WIN55, 212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on brain injury in a rat model of DHCA. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (which underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) only), a DHCA group (CPB with DHCA), and a WIN group (WIN55, 212-2 pretreatment before CPB with DHCA). Histopathological changes in the brain were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of SOD in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Levels of apoptotic-related protein caspase-3 and type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS WIN55, 212-2 administration attenuated histopathological injury of the hippocampus in rats undergoing DHCA, associated with lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, vs. DHCA, respectively) and an increased level of SOD (p < 0.05 vs. DHCA). WIN55, 212-2 treatment also increased the content of SOD in the hippocampus. The protein expression of caspase-3 was downregulated and the expression of CB1R was upregulated in the hippocampus by WIN55, 212-2. CONCLUSIONS the administration of WIN55, 212-2 alleviates hippocampal injury induced by DHCA in rats by regulating intrinsic inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through a CB1R-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huan Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - You-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Ren-Jian-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
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Xu X, Yang Q, Liu Z, Zhang R, Yu H, Wang M, Chen S, Xu G, Shao Y, Le W. Integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics unravels purine metabolism disorder in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106110. [PMID: 37001614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive paralysis of limbs and bulb in patients, the cause of which remains unclear. Accumulating studies suggest that motor neuron degeneration is associated with systemic metabolic impairment in ALS. However, the metabolic reprogramming and underlying mechanism in the longitudinal progression of the disease remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular changes at both metabolic and proteomic levels during disease progression to identify the most critical metabolic pathways and underlying mechanisms involved in ALS pathophysiological changes. Utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolites' levels of plasma, lumbar spinal cord, and motor cortex from SOD1G93A mice and wildtype (WT) littermates at different stages. To elucidate the regulatory network underlying metabolic changes, we further analyzed the proteomics profile in the spinal cords of SOD1G93A and WT mice. A group of metabolites implicated in purine metabolism, methionine cycle, and glycolysis were found differentially expressed in ALS mice, and abnormal expressions of enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways were also confirmed. Notably, we first demonstrated that dysregulation of purine metabolism might contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of ALS. Furthermore, we discovered that fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, and folate-mediated one‑carbon metabolism were also significantly altered in this disease. The identified differential metabolites and proteins in our study could complement existing data on metabolic reprogramming in ALS, which might provide new insight into the pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets of ALS.
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Chronic exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid alters cerebral brain metabolism and causes long-lasting behavioral deficits in adult mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02607-8. [PMID: 36853560 PMCID: PMC10374737 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing evidence that cannabinoids have promising medicinal and pharmacological effects. However, the growing interest in medical cannabis highlights the need to better understand brain alterations linking phytocannabinoids or synthetic cannabinoids to clinical and behavioral phenotypes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term WIN 55,212-2 treatment-with and without prolonged abstinence-on cerebral metabolism and memory function in healthy wildtype mice. Adult C57BI/6J mice were divided into two treatment groups to study the acute effects of WIN 55,212-2 treatment as well the effects of WIN 55,212-2 treatment after an extended washout phase. We could demonstrate that 3 mg/kg WIN 55,212-2 treatment in early adulthood leads to a hypometabolism in several brain regions including the hippocampus, cerebellum, amygdala and midbrain, even after prolonged abstinence. Furthermore, prolonged acute WIN 55,212-2 treatment in 6-months-old mice reduced the glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and midbrain. In addition, Win 55,212-2 treatment during adulthood lead to spatial memory and recognition memory deficits without affecting anxiety behavior. Overall we could demonstrate that treatment with the synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor aganist Win 55,212-2 during adulthood causes persistent memory deficits, especially when mice were treated in early adulthood. Our findings highlight the risks of prolonged WIN 55,212-2 use and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic cannabinoid exposure on the brain and behavior.
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Treyer A, Reinhardt JK, Eigenmann DE, Oufir M, Hamburger M. Phytochemical Comparison of Medicinal Cannabis Extracts and Study of Their CYP-Mediated Interactions with Coumarinic Oral Anticoagulants. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2023; 6:21-31. [PMID: 36814687 PMCID: PMC9940649 DOI: 10.1159/000528465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment with cannabis extracts for a variety of diseases has gained popularity. However, differences in herb-drug interaction potential of extracts from different plant sources are poorly understood. In this study, we provide a characterization of cannabis extracts prepared from four cannabis chemotypes and an in vitro assessment of their Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated herb-drug interaction profiles. Methods Plant extracts were either commercially obtained or prepared using ethanol as solvent, followed by overnight decarboxylation in a reflux condenser system. The extracts were characterized for their cannabinoid content using NMR and HPLC-PDA-ELSD-ESIMS. CYP inhibition studies with the cannabis extracts and pure cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and cannabidiol [CBD]) were performed using pooled, mixed gender human liver microsomes. Tolbutamide and testosterone were used as specific substrates to assess the inhibitory potential of the extracts on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, and the coumarinic oral anticoagulants warfarin, phenprocoumon, and acenocoumarol were studied as model compounds since in vivo herb-drug interactions have previously been reported for this compound class. Results In accordance with the plant chemotypes, two extracts were rich in THC and CBD (at different proportions); one extract contained mostly CBD and the other mostly cannabigerol (CBG). Residual amounts of the corresponding acids were found in all extracts. The extracts with a single major cannabinoid (CBD or CBG) inhibited CYP2C9- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism stronger than the extracts containing both major cannabinoids (THC and CBD). The inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 by the extract containing mostly CBD was comparable to their inhibition by pure CBD. In contrast, the inhibitory potency of extracts containing both THC and CBD did not correspond to the combined inhibitory potency of pure THC and CBD. Although being structural analogs, the three coumarin derivatives displayed major differences in their herb-drug interaction profiles with the cannabis extracts and the pure cannabinoids. Conclusion Despite the fact that cannabinoids are the major components in ethanolic, decarboxylated cannabis extracts, it is difficult to foresee their herb-drug interaction profiles. Our in vitro data and the literature-based evidence on in vivo interactions indicate that cannabis extracts should be used cautiously when co-administered with drugs exhibiting a narrow therapeutic window, such as coumarinic anticoagulants, regardless of the cannabis chemotype used for extract preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Treyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob K. Reinhardt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mouhssin Oufir
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Oncodesign SA, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,*Matthias Hamburger,
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Mangiatordi GF, Cavalluzzi MM, Delre P, Lamanna G, Lumuscio MC, Saviano M, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Duranti A, Lentini G. Endocannabinoid Degradation Enzyme Inhibitors as Potential Antipsychotics: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020469. [PMID: 36831006 PMCID: PMC9953700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a very important role in numerous physiological and pharmacological processes, such as those related to the central nervous system (CNS), including learning, memory, emotional processing, as well pain control, inflammatory and immune response, and as a biomarker in certain psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, the half-life of the natural ligands responsible for these effects is very short. This perspective describes the potential role of the inhibitors of the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), which are mainly responsible for the degradation of endogenous ligands in psychic disorders and related pathologies. The examination was carried out considering both the impact that the classical exogenous ligands such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and (-)-trans-cannabidiol (CBD) have on the ECS and through an analysis focused on the possibility of predicting the potential toxicity of the inhibitors before they are subjected to clinical studies. In particular, cardiotoxicity (hERG liability), probably the worst early adverse reaction studied during clinical studies focused on acute toxicity, was predicted, and some of the most used and robust metrics available were considered to select which of the analyzed compounds could be repositioned as possible oral antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamanna
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lumuscio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Université de Caen, 14032 Caen, France
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG (Molecular Materials Research Group), Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0722-303501
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Asher MJ, McMullan HM, Dong A, Li Y, Thayer SA. A Complete Endocannabinoid Signaling System Modulates Synaptic Transmission between Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:100-112. [PMID: 36379717 PMCID: PMC9881009 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulates synaptic function to regulate many aspects of neurophysiology. It adapts to environmental changes and is affected by disease. Thus, the ECS presents an important target for therapeutic development. Despite recent interest in cannabinoid-based treatments, few preclinical studies are conducted in human systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide one possible solution to this issue. However, it is not known if these cells have a fully functional ECS. Here, we show that hiPSC-derived neuron/astrocyte cultures exhibit a complete ECS. Using Ca2+ imaging and a genetically encoded endocannabinoid sensor, we demonstrate that they not only respond to exogenously applied cannabinoids but also produce and metabolize endocannabinoids. Synaptically driven [Ca2+]i spiking activity was inhibited (EC50 = 48 ± 13 nM) by the efficacious agonist [R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrolol [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-yl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate] (Win 55,212-2) and by the endogenous ligand 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; EC50 = 2.0 ± 0.6 µm). The effects of Win 55212-2 were blocked by a CB1 receptor-selective antagonist. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol acted as a partial agonist, maximally inhibiting synaptic activity by 47 ± 14% (EC50 = 1.4 ± 1.9 µm). Carbachol stimulated 2-AG production in a manner that was independent of Ca2+ and blocked by selective inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase. 2-AG returned to basal levels via a process mediated by monoacylglycerol lipase as indicated by slowed recovery in cultures treated with 4-[Bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)hydroxymethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester (JZL 184). Win 55,212-2 markedly desensitized CB1 receptor function following a 1-day exposure, whereas desensitization was incomplete following 7-day treatment with JZL 184. This human cell culture model is well suited for functional analysis of the ECS and as a platform for drug development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite known differences between the human response to cannabinoids and that of other species, an in vitro human model demonstrating a fully functional endocannabinoid system has not been described. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be obtained from skin samples and then reprogrammed into neurons for use in basic research and drug screening. Here, we show that hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures exhibit a complete endocannabinoid system suitable for mechanistic studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Asher
- Department of Pharmacology (M.J.A., H.M.M., S.A.T.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.J.A., S.A.T.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program (H.M.M., S.A.T.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences (A.D., Y.L.), IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (A.D., Y.L.), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (A.D., Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Hannah M McMullan
- Department of Pharmacology (M.J.A., H.M.M., S.A.T.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.J.A., S.A.T.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program (H.M.M., S.A.T.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences (A.D., Y.L.), IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (A.D., Y.L.), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (A.D., Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Ao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (M.J.A., H.M.M., S.A.T.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.J.A., S.A.T.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program (H.M.M., S.A.T.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences (A.D., Y.L.), IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (A.D., Y.L.), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (A.D., Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Pharmacology (M.J.A., H.M.M., S.A.T.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.J.A., S.A.T.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program (H.M.M., S.A.T.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences (A.D., Y.L.), IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (A.D., Y.L.), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (A.D., Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Stanley A Thayer
- Department of Pharmacology (M.J.A., H.M.M., S.A.T.), Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.J.A., S.A.T.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program (H.M.M., S.A.T.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences (A.D., Y.L.), IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research (A.D., Y.L.), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (A.D., Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China; and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
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Joshi M, Joshi A, Bartter T. Marijuana and the Lung: Some Known Knowns. Chest 2023; 163:e105. [PMID: 36759115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Joshi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR.
| | - Anita Joshi
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Thaddeus Bartter
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
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Characterization of URB Series Synthetic Cannabinoids by HRMS and UHPLC–MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of synthetic cannabinoids are included in new psychoactive substances (NPS) and constitute an open research area in analytical pharmaceutical and toxicology when methods are needed to unambiguously identify these substances and their metabolites in biological fluids. A full molecular characterization of five synthetic molecules of the URB series that is able to interact with the endocannabinoid system was achieved with a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in positive ion electrospray ionization and collisional experiments on the protonated parent ions, obtaining characteristic fragmentation patterns. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) has also been used, which can help develop methods for screening and confirming synthetic cannabinoids in biological fluids.
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Wang S, Wang W, Ye X. Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in the Field of Pain. J Pain Res 2023; 16:1517-1532. [PMID: 37193358 PMCID: PMC10182809 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s407384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a heat-activated cation channel modulated by inflammatory mediators, which is closely related to pain and serves as a potential analgesic target. However, the bibliometric analyses summarizing TRPV1 in the field of pain are scarce. This study aims to summarize the current status of TRPV1 in pain and the potential research direction. Methods Articles regarding TRPV1 in the pain field between 2013 and 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science core collection database on 31 December 2022. Scientometric software (VOSviewer and CiteSpace 6.1.R6) were used to perform bibliometric analysis. This study provided data on the trend of the annual outputs, countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, co-cited references and keywords. Results A total of 2462 publications related to TRPV1 in the field of pain were extracted from 2013 to 2022, which were written by 12,005 authors of 2304 institutions, 68 countries/regions in 686 journals, with 48,723 citations totally. The number of publications has grown rapidly over the past 10 years. Most publications were from the USA and China; the Seoul Natl Univ was the most active institution; Tominaga M published the most papers and Caterina MJ was the most productive co-cited author; The top-contributing journal was Pain; The most cited references was the article authored by Julius D. "Neuropathic pain", "inflammatory pain", "visceral pain" and "migraine" were the most common types of pain in this field. The mechanism of TRPV1 in pain was one of the main research directions. Conclusion This study presented an overview of the major research directions of TRPV1 in the pain field by bibliometric methods over the past decade. The results could reveal the research trends and the hotspots in the field and provide helpful information for clinical treatments of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Preventive Treatment Center, Quzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Ye
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiangming Ye, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571 87692748, Email
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Boyacıoğlu Ö, Korkusuz P. Cannabinoids as Prospective Anti-Cancer Drugs: Mechanism of Action in Healthy and Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:145-169. [PMID: 36396926 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids modulate many physiological and pathological processes by binding classical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) or 2 (CB2) or non-cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids are known to exert antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-migratory and anti-invasive effect on cancer cells by inducing or inhibiting various signaling cascades. In this chapter, we specifically emphasize the latest research works about the alterations in endocannabinoid system (ECS) components in malignancies and cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, and death by cannabinoid administration, emphasizing their mechanism of action, and give a future perspective for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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