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Iqbal Q, Mudatsir M, Harapan H, Nurjannah N, Maulana T. Hemostatic and liver function parameters as COVID-19 severity markers. NARRA J 2024; 4:e178. [PMID: 38798852 PMCID: PMC11125416 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a disease newly discovered in December 2019 which affects coagulation cascade and liver functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of hemostatic and liver function parameters as severity markers in COVID-19 patients. This study was an observational analytic with cohort retrospective design using total sampling method. Data were retrieved from medical record of COVID-19 patients admitted to provincial hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 1208 data eligible for the study after applying certain criteria. Mann-Whitney, logistic regression, and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to analysis the data. Thrombocyte count (p<0.001), prothrombin time (p<0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (p<0.001), D-dimer (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), and alanine transaminase (p<0.001) significantly increased in severe compared to mild COVID-19 patients. After being adjusted, age (odds ratio (OR); 1.026 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.016-1.037) was the most significant factor in predicting COVID-19 severity. Fibrinogen (cut-off 526.5 mg/L) was the best parameter associated with COVID-19 severity with 70% sensitivity and 66.4% specificity. Meanwhile, D-dimer (cut-off 805 ng/mL) had a sensitivity of 72.3% and specificity of 66.4%. Combining the parameters resulted in improved sensitivity to 82.0% with a slight decline of specificity to 65.5%. In conclusion, fibrinogen and D-dimer level on admission could be used as biomarkers in predicting COVID-19 prognosis. Routine monitoring and evaluation of laboratory testing especially D-dimer and fibrinogen could be implemented in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qanita Iqbal
- Master Program of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nurjannah Nurjannah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Maulana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Boicean LC, Birlutiu RM, Birlutiu V. Correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in critically ill patients. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106238. [PMID: 37419217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of some blood markers might be linked with the degree of severity and mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to find out if there are correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a single-center observational cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The study was conducted at Infectious Diseases Clinic of Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, from May through November 2020. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 54 patients, all with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Our results revealed that there is a negative correlation between serum leptin and Interleukin-6 levels and a positive correlation between serum leptin and blood glucose levels. A positive correlation between ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels was also observed. No correlation was found between leptin and other biomarkers such as ferritin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS Further studies need to be conducted to investigate the role of leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of this research could contribute to the introduction of the determination of serum leptin levels in the routine evaluation of patients with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Camelia Boicean
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania.
| | | | - Victoria Birlutiu
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
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Budin CE, Nemeș AF, Râjnoveanu RM, Nemeș RM, Rajnoveanu AG, Sabău AH, Cocuz IG, Mareș RG, Oniga VI, Pătrîntașu DE, Cotoi OS. The Inflammatory Profile Correlates with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1235. [PMID: 37623485 PMCID: PMC10455536 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation of the inflammatory profile with the severity of the disease in neoplastic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was addressed. METHODS A database of 1537 patients hospitalized in the pneumology department was analyzed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 83 patients (67% males, 33% females) were included. RESULTS Most of the analyzed patients were hospitalized with a moderate form of disease, explaining the significant percentage of 25% mortality. The frequency of the type of neoplasm was higher for lung cancer, followed by malignant colon tumor. We identified a significant association between the increased value of ferritin (p < 0.0001, OR = 22.31), fibrinogen (p = 0.009, OR = 13.41), and C-reactive protein (p = 0.01, OR = 7.65), respectively, and the level of severity of COVID-19. The results of the univariate logistic regression analysis for predicting the severity of the disease revealed that the increased values of ferritin (p = 0.001, OR = 22.31) and fibrinogen (p = 0.02, OR = 13.41) represent a risk for a serious negative prognosis of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the value of the analyzed inflammatory parameters increased in direct proportion to the severity of the disease and that higher values were associated with increased mortality in the study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Eugenia Budin
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.E.B.); (A.H.S.); (I.G.C.); (R.G.M.)
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | | | - Ruxandra-Mioara Râjnoveanu
- Palliative Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Maria Nemeș
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 67A Gheorghe Petrascu Str., 031593 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Armand Gabriel Rajnoveanu
- Occupational Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Horațiu Sabău
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.E.B.); (A.H.S.); (I.G.C.); (R.G.M.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.E.B.); (A.H.S.); (I.G.C.); (R.G.M.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Răzvan Gheorghita Mareș
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.E.B.); (A.H.S.); (I.G.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Vlad Iustinian Oniga
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | | | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.E.B.); (A.H.S.); (I.G.C.); (R.G.M.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Schmidt W, Pawlak-Buś K, Jóźwiak B, Leszczyński P. Identification of Clinical Response Predictors of Tocilizumab Treatment in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Based on Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062429. [PMID: 36983429 PMCID: PMC10051490 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and severity; thus, many immunomodulatory agents are applied in its treatment. We aimed to identify good clinical response predictors of tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment in severe COVID-19, among clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables. We conducted a prospective, observational study with 120 patients with severe COVID-19 not improving despite dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. We used parametric and non-parametric statistics, univariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nonlinear factors tertile analysis. In total, 86 (71.7%) patients achieved the primary outcome of a good clinical response to TCZ. We identified forty-nine predictive factors with potential utility in patient selection and treatment monitoring. The strongest included time from symptom onset between 9 and 12 days, less than 70% of estimated radiological lung involvement, and lower activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Additional predictors were associated with respiratory function, vitamin D concentration, comorbidities, and inflammatory/organ damage biomarkers. Adverse events analysis proved the safety of such a regimen. Our study confirmed that using TCZ early in the hyperinflammatory phase, before severe respiratory failure development, is most beneficial. Considering the described predictive factors, employing simple and widely available laboratory, radiological, and clinical tools can optimize patient selection for immunomodulatory treatment with TCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Schmidt
- Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, J. Strus Municipal Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlak-Buś
- Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, J. Strus Municipal Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Jóźwiak
- Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, J. Strus Municipal Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Leszczyński
- Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, J. Strus Municipal Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Chung HP, Tang YH, Chen CY, Chen CH, Chang WK, Kuo KC, Chen YT, Wu JC, Lin CY, Wang CJ. Outcome prediction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Comparison of the performance of five severity scores. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1121465. [PMID: 36844229 PMCID: PMC9945531 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to externally validate the predictive capability of five developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-specific prognostic tools, including the COVID-19 Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), Shang COVID severity score, COVID-intubation risk score-neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (IRS-NLR), inflammation-based score, and ventilation in COVID estimator (VICE) score. Methods The medical records of all patients hospitalized for a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis between May 2021 and June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were extracted within the first 24 h of admission, and five different scores were calculated. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and mechanical ventilation, respectively. Results A total of 285 patients were enrolled in our cohort. Sixty-five patients (22.8%) were intubated with ventilator support, and the 30-day mortality rate was 8.8%. The Shang COVID severity score had the highest numerical area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUC-ROC) (AUC 0.836) curve to predict 30-day mortality, followed by the SEIMC score (AUC 0.807) and VICE score (AUC 0.804). For intubation, both the VICE and COVID-IRS-NLR scores had the highest AUC (AUC 0.82) compared to the inflammation-based score (AUC 0.69). The 30-day mortality increased steadily according to higher Shang COVID severity scores and SEIMC scores. The intubation rate exceeded 50% in the patients stratified by higher VICE scores and COVID-IRS-NLR score quintiles. Conclusion The discriminative performances of the SEIMC score and Shang COVID severity score are good for predicting the 30-day mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The COVID-IRS-NLR and VICE showed good performance for predicting invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pei Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuei Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Chun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Lin
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chieh-Jen Wang,
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Russo V, Caputo A, Imbalzano E, Di Micco P, Frontera A, Uccello A, Orlando L, Galimberti P, Golino P, D'Andrea A. The pharmacology of anticoagulant drug treatment options in COVID-19 patients: reviewing real-world evidence in clinical practice. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1095-1105. [PMID: 36017645 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2117154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal anticoagulation strategy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among COVID-19 patients, hospitalized or in the community setting, is still challenging and largely based on real-world evidence. AREAS COVERED We analyzed real-world data regarding the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulant treatment, both parenteral and oral, for VTE prevention or atrial fibrillation (AF)/VTE treatment among COVID-19 patients. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) doses for VTE prevention correlates with COVID-19 disease status. LMWH prophylactic dose may be useful in COVID-19 patients at the early stage of the disease. LMWH intermediate or therapeutic dose is recommended in COVID-19 patients with an advanced stage of the disease. COVID-19 patients on VKAs therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) and VTE should switch to NOACs in the community setting or LMWH in the hospital setting. No definitive data on de-novo starting of NOACs or VKAs therapy for VTE prevention in COVID-19 outpatients are available. In patients at high risk discharged after hospitalization due to COVID-19, thromboprophylaxis with NOACs may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Caputo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Ambra Uccello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Orlando
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Galimberti
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
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Ianniciello A, Attena E, Carpinella G, Uccello A, Mauro C, Russo V. Late Onset Occurrence of Concomitant Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6621-6626. [PMID: 35996597 PMCID: PMC9392459 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We described the case of a 68-year-old COVID-19 patient with hypertension and dyslipidemia who discontinued the cardiovascular medications during hospitalization and experienced a late onset occurrence of concomitant ST-elevation myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at resolution of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ianniciello
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Attena
- Cardiology Unit, Monaldi and Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ambra Uccello
- Cardiology Unit, Marcianise Hospital, Caserta Health Authority, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Cardiology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Albumin Ratio in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7080150. [PMID: 36006242 PMCID: PMC9414552 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) are inflammatory biomarkers that have been associated with clinical outcomes of multiple diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of these biomarkers with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. A systematic search was performed in five databases. Observational studies that reported the association between FAR and BAR values with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients were included. Random-effects models were used for meta-analyses, and effects were expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was assessed using the Begg test, while the quality assessment was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A total of 21 studies (n = 7949) were included. High FAR values were associated with a higher risk of severity (OR: 2.41; 95% CI 1.41−4.12; p < 0.001) and mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI 1.66−2.54; p < 0.001). High BAR values were associated with higher risk of mortality (OR: 4.63; 95% CI 2.11−10.15; p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant association was found between BAR values and the risk of severity (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 0.83−1.63; p = 0.38). High FAR and BAR values were associated with poor clinical outcomes.
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Zhang L, Xu J, Qi X, Tao Z, Yang Z, Chen W, Wang X, Pan T, Dai Y, Tian R, Chen Y, Tang B, Liu Z, Tan R, Qu H, Yu Y, Liu J. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Coronavirus-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2371-2381. [PMID: 35528184 PMCID: PMC9075028 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, it has spread rapidly worldwide. We aimed to establish and validate a nomogram that predicts the probability of coronavirus-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS). Methods In this single-centre, retrospective study, 261 patients with COVID-19 were recruited using positive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Tongji Hospital at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Wuhan, China). These patients were randomly distributed into the training cohort (75%) and the validation cohort (25%). The factors included in the nomogram were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses based on the training cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. Results Independent predictive factors, including fasting plasma glucose, platelet, D-dimer, and cTnI, were determined using the nomogram. In the training cohort, the AUC and concordance index were 0.93. Similarly, in the validation cohort, the nomogram still showed great distinction (AUC: 0.92) and better calibration. The calibration plot also showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities of CARDS. In addition, the DCA proved that the nomogram was clinically beneficial. Conclusion Based on the results of laboratory tests, we established a predictive model for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. This model shows good performance and can be used clinically to identify CARDS early. Trial Registration Ethics committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No.:(2020) Linlun-34th).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheying Tao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Emergency Department, Ruijin Hospital affiliate to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliate to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jialin Liu; Yue Yu, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Jamil SW, Ilyas M, Ahmad N, Bakri S, Hardjianti T, Parewangi ML, Seweng A. Coagulation Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia infection that spreads rapidly globally (with a number of cases > 15,000,000 worldwide and mortality of ±4%) until it is designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the complications of COVID-19 is the incidence of coagulopathy and thromboembolism. The coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, activates inflammatory and thrombotic processes. Coagulopathy and abnormal coagulation parameters are indicated among the most significant biomarkers of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is characterized by a decreased platelet count and the presence of a cytokine storm indicating an extreme hypercoagulable state. This study aims to determine the coagulation profile of moderate-severe patients and outcomes in COVID-19 patients
Methods: The study was conducted in a hospital in Makassar: Infection Center RS. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. Medical Record Data for all inpatients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 through the RT-PCR test taken from January 2021-August 2021.Statistical tests in the form of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess the Normality of the Data, Chi-Square test, and the calculation of the out ratio (OR) Mann-Whitney test, Independent T-Test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using a Multiple Logistic Regression-Backward Wald Method. The results of the statistical test were significant if the p-value <0.05.
Results:
The research subjects were 231 patients with confirmed COVID-19. The mean PT, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen were higher in severe COVID-19 than moderate COVID-19 and had significant results. While PLT did not have significant results against moderate-severe COVID-19. The relationship between groups of coagulation marker variables was found to have a significant relationship with moderate to severe COVID-19. 4. All coagulation markers were significantly related to the outcome (p<0.05). The mean value of each variable was found to be greater in patients with outcomes who died
Conclusion:
There was an increase in all coagulation markers in moderate to severe COVID-19 except for PLT which was not significant. All coagulation markers are significantly related to outcome
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11
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Laboratory Profile of COVID-19 Patients with Hepatitis C-Related Liver Cirrhosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030652. [PMID: 35160114 PMCID: PMC8836842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are known to have multiple comorbidities and impaired organ system functioning due to alterations caused by chronic liver failure. In the past two years, since the COVID-19 pandemic started, several studies have described the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 with the liver and biliary cells. Considering hepatitis C as a significant independent factor for cirrhosis in Romania, this research was built on the premises that this certain group of patients is susceptible to alterations of their serum parameters that are yet to be described, which might be useful in the management of COVID-19 in these individuals. A retrospective cohort study was developed at a tertiary hospital for infectious disease in Romania, which included a total of 242 patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis across two years, out of which 46 patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Stratification by patient weight and COVID-19 status identified several important laboratory serum tests as predictors for acute-on-chronic liver failure and risk for intensive care unit admission. Thus, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, ferritin, hypoglycemia, prothrombin time, and HCV viral load were independent risk factors for ACLF in patients with COVID-19. High PT, creatinine, BUN, and HCV viral load were the strongest predictors for ICU admission. Inflammatory markers and parameters of gas exchange were also observed as risk factors for ACLF and ICU admission, including procalcitonin, CRP, IL-6, and D-dimers. Our study questions and confirms the health impact of COVID-19 on patients with cirrhosis and whether their laboratory profile significantly changes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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12
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Seth R, McKinnon TAJ, Zhang XF. Contribution of the von Willebrand factor/ADAMTS13 imbalance to COVID-19 coagulopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H87-H93. [PMID: 34890277 PMCID: PMC8714251 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00204.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although this infection has been shown to affect the respiratory system, a high incidence of thrombotic events has been observed in severe cases of COVID-19 and in a significant portion of COVID-19 nonsurvivors. Although prior literature has reported on both the coagulopathy and hypercoagulability of COVID-19, the specifics of coagulation have not been fully investigated. Observations of microthrombosis in patients with COVID-19 have brought attention to potential inflammatory endothelial injury. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its protease, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), play an important homeostatic role in responding to endothelial injury. This report provides an overview of the literature investigating the role the VWF/ADAMTS13 axis may have in COVID-19 thrombotic events and suggests potential therapeutic strategies to prevent the progression of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Seth
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas A J McKinnon
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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13
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The Disease-Modifying Role of Taurine and Its Therapeutic Potential in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:3-21. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Takeshita Y, Terada J, Hirasawa Y, Kinoshita T, Tajima H, Koshikawa K, Kinouchi T, Isaka Y, Shionoya Y, Fujikawa A, Tada Y, Nakaseko C, Tsushima K. Elevated TAT in COVID-19 Patients with Normal D-Dimer as a Predictor of Severe Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Analysis of 797 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010134. [PMID: 35011875 PMCID: PMC8745035 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have revealed that elevated D-dimer in the early stage of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) indicates pulmonary intravascular coagulation, the state of coagulation/fibrinolysis disorder with normal D-dimer is unknown. The study aimed to investigate how coagulation/fibrinolysis markers affect severe respiratory failure in the early stage of COVID-19. Among 1043 patients with COVID-19, 797 patients were included in our single-center retrospective study. These 797 patients were divided into two groups, the normal D-dimer and elevated D-dimer groups and analyzed for each group. A logistic regression model was fitted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, fibrinogen ≥ 617 mg/dL, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) ≥ 4.0 ng/mL, and plasmin-alpha2-plasmin inhibitor-complex (PIC) > 0.8 µg/mL. A multivariate analysis of the normal D-dimer group demonstrated that being male and TAT ≥ 4.0 ng/mL significantly affected severe respiratory failure. In a multivariate analysis of the elevated D-dimer group, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and fibrinogen ≥ 617 mg/dL significantly affected severe respiratory failure. The elevated PIC did not affect severe respiratory failure in any group. Our study demonstrated that hypercoagulation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection may occur even during a normal D-dimer level, causing severe respiratory failure in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Takeshita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Jiro Terada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-35-5600; Fax: +81-476-35-5586
| | - Yasutaka Hirasawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Taku Kinoshita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Tajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Ken Koshikawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toru Kinouchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuri Isaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yu Shionoya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Atsushi Fujikawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Chiaki Nakaseko
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan;
| | - Kenji Tsushima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-8520, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (T.K.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (A.F.); (Y.T.); (K.T.)
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15
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Surma S, Banach M. Fibrinogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases-Review of the Literature and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010193. [PMID: 35008616 PMCID: PMC8745133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, represent a significant cause of premature death worldwide. Biomarkers, the evaluation of which would allow the detection of ASCVD at the earliest stage of development, are intensively sought. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, a valuable biomarker should also enable the assessment of the patient’s prognosis. It has been known for many years that the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma increases, inter alia, in patients with ASCVD. On the one hand, an increased plasma fibrinogen concentration may be the cause of the development of atherosclerotic lesions (increased risk of atherothrombosis); on the other hand, it may be a biomarker of ASCVD, as it is an acute phase protein. In addition, a number of genetic polymorphisms and post-translational modifications of fibrinogen were demonstrated that may contribute to the risk of ASCVD. This review summarizes the current data on the importance of fibrinogen as a biomarker of ASCVD, and also presents the relationship between molecular modifications of this protein in the context of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-711-124
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16
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High CD169 Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio Reflects Immunophenotype Disruption and Oxygen Need in COVID-19 Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121639. [PMID: 34959594 PMCID: PMC8715749 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialoadhesin (CD169) has been found to be overexpressed in the blood of COVID-19 patients and identified as a biomarker in early disease. We analyzed CD169 in the blood cells of COVID-19 patients to assess its role as a predictive marker of disease progression and clinical outcomes. METHODS The ratio of the median fluorescence intensity of CD169 between monocytes and lymphocytes (CD169 RMFI) was analyzed by flow cytometry in blood samples of COVID-19 patients (COV) and healthy donors (HDs) and correlated with immunophenotyping, inflammatory markers, cytokine mRNA expression, pulmonary involvement, and disease progression. RESULTS CD169 RMFI was high in COV but not in HDs, and it correlated with CD8 T-cell senescence and exhaustion markers, as well as with B-cell maturation and differentiation in COV. CD169 RMFI correlated with blood cytokine mRNA levels, inflammatory markers, and pneumonia severity in patients who were untreated at sampling, and was associated with the respiratory outcome throughout hospitalization. Finally, we also report the first evidence of the specific ability of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to trigger CD169 RMFI in a dose-dependent manner in parallel with IL-6 and IL-10 gene transcription in HD PBMCs stimulated in vitro. CONCLUSION CD169 is induced by the spike protein and should be considered as an early biomarker for evaluating immune dysfunction and respiratory outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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17
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Saurabh A, Dey B, Raphael V, Deb P, Khonglah Y, Tiewsoh I. Role of Coagulation Profile in Predicting Disease Severity Among Patients of COVID-19. Cureus 2021; 13:e19124. [PMID: 34858762 PMCID: PMC8614174 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects the coagulation cascade. In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the association of different coagulation parameters including that of D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with severity in COVID-19 patients. Methodology A total of 90 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) were included in the study. The patients were categorized as severe and non-severe, and their D-dimer, fibrinogen, PT, and aPTT values on admission were evaluated. The association of the coagulation parameters with disease severity was analyzed by independent t-test and Chi-square test. The cut-off values of these parameters were calculated to predict the disease severity by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Out of 90 patients admitted, 42 patients were categorized as severe and the rest 48 patients were categorized as non-severe. D-dimer, fibrinogen, and PT in the severe group were significantly higher than the non-severe group with p-values of <0.001, 0.005, and <0.001, respectively. Cut-off values of 0.99 mg/L for D-dimer,349.5 mg/dL for fibrinogen, and 13.05 seconds for PT were predictive of disease severity among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Severe COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen and prolongation of PT as compared to non-severe COVID-19 patients. Higher levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, and prolonged PT are predictive of increased disease severity among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Saurabh
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
| | - Vandana Raphael
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
| | - Prakash Deb
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
| | - Yookarin Khonglah
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
| | - Iadarilang Tiewsoh
- Internal Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, IND
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18
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Mobayen G, Dhutia A, Clarke C, Prendecki M, McAdoo S, Keniyopoullos R, Malik T, Laffan M, Willicombe M, McKinnon T. Severe COVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation and abnormal glycosylation of von Willebrand factor in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12582. [PMID: 34532629 PMCID: PMC8435526 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major clinical feature of severe coronavirus diease 2019 (COVID-19) is microvascular thrombosis linked to endothelial cell activation. Consistent with this, a number of studies have shown that patients with severe COVID-19 have highly elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) that may contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype. In the current study, we investigated the extent of endothelial activation in patients receiving hemodialysis who had either mild or severe COVID-19. METHODS Plasma VWF, ADAMTS-13, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and syndecan-1 levels were determined by ELISA. The sialic acid content of VWF was investigated using a modified ELISA to measure elderberry bark lectin, specific for sialic acid residues, binding to VWF. RESULTS Patients receiving hemodialysis with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher plasma levels of VWF and lower ADAMTS-13. VWF levels peaked and were sustained during the first 10 days after positive confirmation of infection. While Ang2 trended toward being higher in severely ill patients, this did not reach significance; however, severely ill patients had significantly higher soluble syndecan-1 levels, with high levels related to risk of death. Finally, higher VWF levels in severely ill patients were correlated with lower VWF sialic acid content. CONCLUSIONS Severe COVID-19 in patients undergoing hemodialysis is associated with both acute and sustained activation of the endothelium, leading to alteration of the VWF/ADAMTS-13 axis. Lower VWF sialic acid content represents altered VWF processing and further confirms the disturbance caused to the endothelium in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golzar Mobayen
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Amrita Dhutia
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Maria Prendecki
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Stephen McAdoo
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Renos Keniyopoullos
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Talat Malik
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Michael Laffan
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Thomas McKinnon
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
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19
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:561. [PMID: 34198591 PMCID: PMC8231764 DOI: 10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Discipline Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Serghei Covantev
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - James Wingfield-Digby
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Alexander G. Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
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20
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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21
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Russo V, Bottino R, D'Andrea A, Silverio A, Di Maio M, Golino P, Nigro G, Valsecchi O, Attena E, Canonico ME, Galasso G, Parodi G, Scudiero F. Chronic Oral Anticoagulation and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:705-712. [PMID: 33988835 PMCID: PMC8120255 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical course of COVID-19 may be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and thromboembolic events, which are associated with high risk of mortality. Although previous studies reported a lower rate of death in patients treated with heparin, the potential benefit of chronic oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between OAT with the risk of ARDS and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective Italian study including consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 1 to April 22, 2020, at six Italian hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups according to the chronic assumption of oral anticoagulants. RESULTS Overall, 427 patients were included; 87 patients (19%) were in the OAT group. Of them, 54 patients (13%) were on treatment with non-vitamin k oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and 33 (8%) with vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs). OAT patients were older and had a higher rate of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease compared to No-OAT group. The rate of ARDS at admission (26% vs 28%, P=0.834), or developed during the hospitalization (9% vs 10%, P=0.915), was similar between study groups; in-hospital mortality (22% vs 26%, P=0.395) was also comparable. After balancing for potential confounders by using the propensity score matching technique, no differences were found in term of clinical outcome between OAT and No-OAT patients CONCLUSION: Oral anticoagulation therapy, either NOACs or VKAs, did not influence the risk of ARDS or death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Via. Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Via. Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Angelo Silverio
- Cardiovascolar and Thoracic Department, Division of Cardiology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Di Maio
- Cardiovascolar and Thoracic Department, Division of Cardiology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Maria SS. Addolorata Hospital, Eboli, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Via. Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Monaldi Hospital, Via. Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Orazio Valsecchi
- Division of Cardiology, "Bolognini" Hospital, ASST Bergamo Est, Seriate, BG, Italy
| | - Emilio Attena
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Galasso
- Cardiovascolar and Thoracic Department, Division of Cardiology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Guido Parodi
- Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, Sassari University Hospital, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fernando Scudiero
- Division of Cardiology, "Bolognini" Hospital, ASST Bergamo Est, Seriate, BG, Italy
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Gratz J, Wiegele M, Maleczek M, Herkner H, Schöchl H, Chwala E, Knöbl P, Schaden E. Risk of Clinically Relevant Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:647917. [PMID: 33768106 PMCID: PMC7985162 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.647917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early during the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reports suggested alarmingly high incidences for thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19. However, the clinical relevance of these events was not reported in several studies. Additionally, more recent research showed contradictory results and suggested substantially lower rates of venous thromboembolism. Thus, the aim of the present study was to summarize evidence on the incidence of clinically relevant venous thromboembolism (VTE)—defined as VTE excluding isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (PE) and distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT)—in adult critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies reporting the incidence of clinically relevant PE and/or DVT in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Scientific reports published in the English language between January and October 2020 were included. We conducted a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate incidence estimates of clinically relevant VTE and bleeding events. We also performed exploratory meta-regression and subgroup analyses of different diagnostic approaches and additional factors that possibly influenced the incidence of these outcomes. Results: Fifty-four articles (5,400 patients) fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria, of which 41 had a high risk of bias. The majority of included patients were male, > 60 years, and overweight. Twenty-one studies reported the use of prophylactic doses of heparin. Pooled incidences for clinically relevant PE were estimated at 8% (95% CI, 4–11%), for proximal DVT at 14% (95% CI, 9–20%), and—after exclusion of studies with a high risk of bias—for the composite outcome of VTE at 18% (95% CI, 13–24%). Clinically relevant bleeding occurred at a rate of 6% (95% CI, 2–9%). Conclusions: We summarized currently available data on the rate of clinically relevant VTE in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Pooled incidence estimates were lower than those reported by previous review articles. In the absence of evidence-based anticoagulation guidelines for critically ill patients with COVID-19, the results of our study provide clinically important information for an individual risk-benefit assessment in this context. Registration: The study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO on June 22, 2020 (CRD42020193353; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gratz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Wiegele
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Maleczek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Schöchl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AUVA Trauma Centre Salzburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Chwala
- University Library, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Knöbl
- Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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