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Negi M, Kaushik N, Lamichhane P, Jaiswal A, Borkar SB, Patel P, Singh P, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Biocompatible plasma-treated liquids: A sustainable approach for decontaminating gastrointestinal-infection causing pathogens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134562. [PMID: 38743977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a serious threat and difficult to cure due to rising antibiotic resistance in pathogens and biofilms. Direct exposure to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been widely employed in numerous biological research endeavors. Nonetheless, plasma-treated liquids (PTLs) formulated with physiological solutions may offer additional benefits such as enhanced portability, and biocompatibility. Additionally, CAP-infused long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) such as nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can synergistically induce their antibacterial activity. Herein, we investigated those argon-plasma jet-treated liquids, including Ringer's lactate (RL), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and physiological saline, have significant antibacterial activity against nosocomial/gastrointestinal-causing pathogens, which might be due to ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation. Combining the conventional culture-based method with propidium iodide monoazide quantitative PCR (PMAxx™-qPCR) indicated that PTLs induce a minimal viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and moderately affect culturable counts. Specifically, the PTL exposure resulted in pathogenicity dysfunction via controlling T3SS-related effector genes of S. enterica. Overall, this study provides insights into the effectiveness of PTLs for inducing ROS-mediated damage, controlling the virulence of diarrheagenic bacteria, and modulating homeostatic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorma Negi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, South Korea.
| | - Prajwal Lamichhane
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Apurva Jaiswal
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Shweta B Borkar
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Paritosh Patel
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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2
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Seixas AMM, Silva C, Marques JMM, Mateus P, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Feliciano JR, Leitão JH, Sousa SA. Surface-Exposed Protein Moieties of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 in Microaerophilic and Aerobic Conditions. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:398. [PMID: 38675780 PMCID: PMC11054960 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex infections remain life-threatening to cystic fibrosis patients, and due to the limited eradication efficiency of current treatments, novel antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed. Surface proteins are among the best targets to develop new therapeutic strategies since they are exposed to the host's immune system. A surface-shaving approach was performed using Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 to quantitatively compare the relative abundance of surface-exposed proteins (SEPs) expressed by the bacterium when grown under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. After trypsin incubation of live bacteria and identification of resulting peptides by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, a total of 461 proteins with ≥2 unique peptides were identified. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a total of 53 proteins predicted as localized at the outer membrane (OM) or extracellularly (E). Additionally, 37 proteins were predicted as moonlight proteins with OM or E secondary localization. B-cell linear epitope bioinformatics analysis of the proteins predicted to be OM and E-localized revealed 71 SEP moieties with predicted immunogenic epitopes. The protegenicity higher scores of proteins BCAM2761, BCAS0104, BCAL0151, and BCAL0849 point out these proteins as the best antigens for vaccine development. Additionally, 10 of the OM proteins also presented a high probability of playing important roles in adhesion to host cells, making them potential targets for passive immunotherapeutic approaches. The immunoreactivity of three of the OM proteins identified was experimentally demonstrated using serum samples from cystic fibrosis patients, validating our strategy for identifying immunoreactive moieties from surface-exposed proteins of potential interest for future immunotherapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M. M. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mateus
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Joana R. Feliciano
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.); (P.M.); (J.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen-Thi TU, Nguyen HT, Pham MN, Nguyen TT. Halophilic lactic acid bacteria - Play a vital role in the fermented food industry. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:305-321. [PMID: 38372951 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Halophilic lactic acid bacteria have been widely found in various high-salt fermented foods. The distribution of these species in salt-fermented foods contributes significantly to the development of the product's flavor. Besides, these bacteria also have the ability to biosynthesize bioactive components which potentially apply to different areas. In this review, insights into the metabolic properties, salt stress responses, and potential applications of these bacteria have been have been elucidated. The purpose of this review highlights the important role of halophilic lactic acid bacteria in improving the quality and safety of salt-fermented products and explores the potential application of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tho Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Nhut Pham
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tho Nguyen
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Liu S, Huang Y, Jensen S, Laman P, Kramer G, Zaat SAJ, Brul S. Molecular physiological characterization of the dynamics of persister formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0085023. [PMID: 38051079 PMCID: PMC10777834 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess the ability to enter a growth-arrested state known as persistence in order to survive antibiotic exposure. Clinically, persisters are regarded as the main causative agents for chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. To combat this antibiotic-tolerant population, a better understanding of the molecular physiology of persisters is required. In this study, we collected samples at different stages of the biphasic kill curve to reveal the dynamics of the cellular molecular changes that occur in the process of persister formation. After exposure to antibiotics with different modes of action, namely, vancomycin and enrofloxacin, similar persister levels were obtained. Both shared and distinct stress responses were enriched for the respective persister populations. However, the dynamics of the presence of proteins linked to the persister phenotype throughout the biphasic kill curve and the molecular profiles in a stable persistent population did show large differences, depending on the antibiotic used. This suggests that persisters at the molecular level are highly stress specific, emphasizing the importance of characterizing persisters generated under different stress conditions. Additionally, although generated persisters exhibited cross-tolerance toward tested antibiotics, combined therapies were demonstrated to be a promising approach to reduce persister levels. In conclusion, this investigation sheds light on the stress-specific nature of persisters, highlighting the necessity of tailored treatment approaches and the potential of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Laman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A. J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dunn KA, MacDonald E, MacDonald T, Kulkarni K. Bacterial heat shock protein genes during induction chemotherapy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Future Oncol 2024; 20:17-23. [PMID: 38189148 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Heat shock proteins (HSP) protect cancer cells. Gastrointestinal bacteria contain HSP genes and can release extracellular vesicles which act as biological shuttles. Stress from treatment may result in a microbial community with more HSP genes, which could contribute to circulating HSP levels. Methods: The authors examined the abundance of five bacterial HSP genes pre-treatment and during induction in stool sequences from 30 pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Results: Decreased mean HTPG counts (p = 0.0024) pre-treatment versus induction were observed. During induction, HTPG, Shannon diversity and Bacteroidetes decreased (p = 7.5e-4; 1.1e-3; 8.6e-4), while DNAK and Firmicutes increased (p = 6.9e-3; 9.2e-4). Conclusion: Understanding microbial HSP gene community changes with treatment is the first step in determining if bacterial HSPs are important to the tumor microenvironment and leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tamara MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacy, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Pereira AFM, Sani AA, Zapata TB, de Sousa DSM, Rossini BC, dos Santos LD, Rall VLM, Riccardi CDS, Fernandes Júnior A. Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Melittin in Combination with Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2868. [PMID: 38138012 PMCID: PMC10745785 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) often cause infections with high mortality rates. Antimicrobial peptides are a source of molecules for developing antimicrobials; one such peptide is melittin, a fraction from the venom of the Apis mellifera bee. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of melittin and its association with oxacillin (mel+oxa) against MRSA isolates, and to investigate the mechanisms of action of the treatments on MRSA. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, and synergistic effects of melittin with oxacillin and cephalothin were assessed. Antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities, as well as their impact on the cell membrane, were evaluated for melittin, oxacillin, and mel+oxa. Proteomics evaluated the effects of the treatments on MRSA. Melittin mean MICs for MRSA was 4.7 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL for oxacillin. Mel+oxa exhibited synergistic effects, reducing biofilm formation, and causing leakage of proteins, nucleic acids, potassium, and phosphate ions, indicating action on cell membrane. Melittin and mel+oxa, at MIC values, did not induce hemolysis and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. The treatments resulted in differential expression of proteins associated with protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Mel+oxa demonstrated antibacterial activity against MRSA, suggesting a potential as a candidate for the development of new antibacterial agents against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Marques Pereira
- The Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals of UNESP (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18619-002, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Aguirra Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology Sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.S.); (T.B.Z.); (D.S.M.d.S.); (V.L.M.R.)
| | - Tatiane Baptista Zapata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology Sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.S.); (T.B.Z.); (D.S.M.d.S.); (V.L.M.R.)
| | - Débora Silva Marques de Sousa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology Sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.S.); (T.B.Z.); (D.S.M.d.S.); (V.L.M.R.)
| | - Bruno César Rossini
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, São Paulo, Brazil; (B.C.R.); (L.D.d.S.)
| | - Lucilene Delazari dos Santos
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, São Paulo, Brazil; (B.C.R.); (L.D.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases and Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology), Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Mores Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology Sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.S.); (T.B.Z.); (D.S.M.d.S.); (V.L.M.R.)
| | - Carla dos Santos Riccardi
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ary Fernandes Júnior
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology Sector, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.S.); (T.B.Z.); (D.S.M.d.S.); (V.L.M.R.)
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8
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Lu P, Xue J, Chen X, Ji X. DnaK-Mediated Protein Deamidation: a Potential Mechanism for Virulence and Stress Adaptation in Cronobacter sakazakii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0050523. [PMID: 37382536 PMCID: PMC10370310 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00505-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections in individuals of all ages, with neonates being the most vulnerable group. The objective of this study was to explore the function of the dnaK gene in C. sakazakii and to elucidate the impact of alterations in the protein composition regulated by dnaK on virulence and stress adaptation. Our research demonstrates the critical role of the dnaK gene in various key virulence factors, including adhesion, invasion, and acid resistance in C. sakazakii. Through the use of proteomic analysis, we discovered that deletion of the dnaK gene in C. sakazakii leads to an upregulation of protein abundance and increased levels of deamidated posttranscriptional modifications, suggesting that DnaK may play a role in maintaining proper protein activity by reducing protein deamidation in bacteria. These findings indicate that DnaK-mediated protein deamidation may be a novel mechanism for virulence and stress adaptation in C. sakazakii. These findings suggest that targeting DnaK could be a promising strategy for developing drugs to treat C. sakazakii infections. IMPORTANCE Cronobacter sakazakii can cause disease in individuals of all ages, with infections in premature infants being particularly deadly and resulting in bacterial meningitis and sepsis with a high mortality rate. Our study demonstrates that dnaK in Cronobacter sakazakii plays a critical role in virulence, adhesion, invasion, and acid resistance. Using proteomic analysis to compare protein changes in response to dnaK knockout, we found that dnaK knockout significantly upregulates the abundance of some proteins but also results in the deamidation of many proteins. Our research has identified a connection between molecular chaperones and protein deamidation, which suggests a potential future drug development strategy of targeting DnaK as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Alshamrani S, Alshahrani MM, Almasoudi HH, Basharat Z. Molecular Mimicry Mapping in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cues for Autoimmune Disorders and Implications for Immune Defense Activation. Pathogens 2023; 12:857. [PMID: 37513704 PMCID: PMC10383125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to a range of infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, and sepsis. Infections by this bacterium have been associated with the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, which, in turn, may contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to investigate the potential for S. pneumoniae to incite autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. We identified 13 S. pneumoniae proteins that have significant sequence similarity to human proteins, with 11 of them linked to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Using in silico tools, we predicted the sequence as well as the structural homology among these proteins. Database mining was conducted to establish links between these proteins and autoimmune disorders. The antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic sequence mimics were employed to design and validate an immune response via vaccine construct design. Mimic-based vaccine construct can prove effective for immunization against the S. pneumoniae infections. Immune response simulation and binding affinity was assessed through the docking of construct C8 to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and TLR4 receptor, with promising results. Additionally, these mimics were mapped as conserved regions on their respective proteins, suggesting their functional importance in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. This study highlights the potential for S. pneumoniae to trigger autoimmunity via molecular mimicry and the possibility of vaccine design using these mimics for triggering defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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Hanes R, Zhang F, Huang Z. Protein Interaction Network Analysis to Investigate Stress Response, Virulence, and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040930. [PMID: 37110353 PMCID: PMC10144942 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly and costly foodborne pathogen that has a high fatality rate in the elderly, pregnant women, and people with weakened immunity. It can survive under various stress conditions and is a significant concern for the food industry. In this work, a data analysis approach was developed with existing tools and databases and used to create individual and combined protein interaction networks to study stress response, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance and their interaction with L. monocytogenes. The networks were analyzed, and 28 key proteins were identified that may serve as potential targets for new strategies to combat L. monocytogenes. Five of the twenty-eight proteins (i.e., sigB, flaA, cheA, cheY, and lmo0693) represent the most promising targets because they are highly interconnected within the combined network. The results of this study provide a new set of targets for future work to identify new strategies to improve food preservation methods and treatments for L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hanes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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11
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Non-Toxin-Based Clostridioides difficile Vaccination Approaches. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020235. [PMID: 36839507 PMCID: PMC9966970 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that infects mainly hospitalized and elderly people who have been treated with long-term antibiotic therapy leading to dysbiosis. The deteriorating demographic structure and the increase in the number of antibiotics used indicate that the problem of CD infections (CDI) will continue to increase. Thus far, there is no vaccine against CD on the market. Unfortunately, clinical trials conducted using the CD toxin-based antigens did not show sufficiently high efficacy, because they did not prevent colonization and transmission between patients. It seems that the vaccine should also include antigens found in the bacterium itself or its spores in order not only to fight the effects of toxins but also to prevent the colonization of the patient. This literature review summarizes the latest advances in research into vaccine antigens that do not contain CD toxins.
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12
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Plasma-Generated Nitric Oxide Water Mediates Environmentally Transmitted Pathogenic Bacterial Inactivation via Intracellular Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031901. [PMID: 36768225 PMCID: PMC9915551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over time, the proportion of resistant bacteria will increase. This is a major concern. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic strategies against these bacteria are urgently needed. Non-thermal plasma has been exhaustively characterized for its antibacterial activity. This study aims to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of plasma-generated nitric oxide water (PG-NOW) on pathogenic water, air, soil, and foodborne Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Using a colony-forming unit assay, we found that PG-NOW treatment effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria. Moreover, the intracellular nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was evaluated by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) staining. The reduction of viable cells unambiguously indicates the anti-microbial effect of PG-NOW. The soxR and soxS genes are associated with nitrosative stress, and oxyR regulation corresponds to oxidative stress in bacterial cells. To support the nitrosative effect mediated by PG-NOW, we have further assessed the soxRS and oxyR gene expressions after treatment. Accordingly, soxRS expression was enhanced, whereas the oxyR expression was decreased following PG-NOW treatment. The disruption of cell morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In conclusion, our findings furnish evidence of an initiation point for the further progress and development of PG-NOW-based antibacterial treatments.
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13
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Saralegui C, García-Durán C, Romeu E, Hernáez-Sánchez ML, Maruri A, Bastón-Paz N, Lamas A, Vicente S, Pérez-Ruiz E, Delgado I, Luna-Paredes C, Caballero JDD, Zamora J, Monteoliva L, Gil C, del Campo R. Statistical Evaluation of Metaproteomics and 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing Techniques for Study of Gut Microbiota Establishment in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0146622. [PMID: 36255300 PMCID: PMC9784762 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01466-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) can identify affected but asymptomatic infants. The selection of omic technique for gut microbiota study is crucial due to both the small amount of feces available and the low microorganism load. Our aims were to compare the agreement between 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics by a robust statistical analysis, including both presence and abundance of taxa, to describe the sequential establishment of the gut microbiota during the first year of life in a small size sample (8 infants and 28 fecal samples). The taxonomic assignations by the two techniques were similar, whereas certain discrepancies were observed in the abundance detection, mostly the lower predicted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and the higher predicted relative abundance of certain Firmicutes and Proteobacteria by amplicon sequencing. During the first months of life, the CF gut microbiota is characterized by a significant enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus, the expression of certain virulent bacterial traits, and the detection of human inflammation-related proteins. Metaproteomics provides information on composition and functionality, as well as data on host-microbiome interactions. Its strength is the identification and quantification of Actinobacteria and certain classes of Firmicutes, but alpha diversity indices are not comparable to those of amplicon sequencing. Both techniques detected an aberrant microbiota in our small cohort of infants with CF during their first year of life, dominated by the enrichment of R. gnavus within a human inflammatory environment. IMPORTANCE In recent years, some techniques have been incorporated for the study of microbial ecosystems, being 16S rRNA gene sequencing being the most widely used. Metaproteomics provides the advantage of identifying the interaction between microorganisms and human cells, but the available databases are less extensive as well as imprecise. Few studies compare the statistical differences between the two techniques to define the composition of an ecosystem. Our work shows that the two methods are comparable in terms of microorganism identification but provide different results in alpha diversity analysis. On the other hand, we have studied newborns with cystic fibrosis, for whom we have described the establishment of an intestinal ecosystem marked by the inflammatory response of the host and the enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Saralegui
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Durán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romeu
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ainhize Maruri
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Bastón-Paz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelaida Lamas
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saioa Vicente
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Pérez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Delgado
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Luna-Paredes
- Sección de Neumología y Alergia Infantil, Unidad Multidisciplinar Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Caballero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Monteoliva
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
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Wang Z, Zhu S, Li C, Lyu L, Yu J, Wang D, Xu Z, Ni J, Gao B, Lu J, Yao YF. Gene essentiality profiling reveals a novel determinant of stresses preventing protein aggregation in Salmonella. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1554-1571. [PMID: 35603550 PMCID: PMC9176671 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to various stresses during infection is important for Salmonella Typhimurium virulence, while the fitness determinants under infection-relevant stress conditions remain unknown. Here, we simulated conditions Salmonella encountered within the host or in the environment by 15 individual stresses as well as two model cell lines (epithelium and macrophage) to decipher the genes and pathways required for fitness. By high-resolution Tn-seq analysis, a total of 1242 genes were identified as essential for fitness under at least one stress condition. The comparative analysis of fitness determinants in 17 stress conditions indicated the essentiality of genes varied in different mimicking host niches. A total of 12 genes were identified as fitness determinants in all stress conditions, including recB, recC, and xseA (encode three exonuclease subunits necessary for DNA recombination repair) and a novel essential fitness gene yheM. YheM is a putative sulfurtransferase subunit that is responsible for tRNA modification, and our results showed that Salmonella lacking yheM accumulated more aggregates of endogenous protein than wild-type. Moreover, we established a scoring scheme for sRNA essentiality analysis and found STnc2080 of unknown function was essential for resistance to LL-37. In summary, we systematically dissected Salmonella gene essentiality profiling and demonstrated the general and specific adaptive requirements in infection-relevant niches. Our data not only provide valuable insights on how Salmonella responds to environmental stresses during infections but also highlight the potential clinical application of fitness determinants in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lyu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Yu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Beile Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu H, Knox CA, Jakkula LUMR, Wang Y, Peddireddi L, Ganta RR. Evaluating EcxR for Its Possible Role in Ehrlichia chaffeensis Gene Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12719. [PMID: 36361509 PMCID: PMC9657007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted intraphagosomal bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. The pathogen also infects several other vertebrate hosts. E. chaffeensis has a biphasic developmental cycle during its growth in vertebrate monocytes/macrophages and invertebrate tick cells. Host- and vector-specific differences in the gene expression from many genes of E. chaffeensis are well documented. It is unclear how the organism regulates gene expression during its developmental cycle and for its adaptation to vertebrate and tick host cell environments. We previously mapped promoters of several E. chaffeensis genes which are recognized by its only two sigma factors: σ32 and σ70. In the current study, we investigated in assessing five predicted E. chaffeensis transcription regulators; EcxR, CtrA, MerR, HU and Tr1 for their possible roles in regulating the pathogen gene expression. Promoter segments of three genes each transcribed with the RNA polymerase containing σ70 (HU, P28-Omp14 and P28-Omp19) and σ32 (ClpB, DnaK and GroES/L) were evaluated by employing multiple independent molecular methods. We report that EcxR binds to all six promoters tested. Promoter-specific binding of EcxR to several gene promoters results in varying levels of gene expression enhancement. This is the first detailed molecular characterization of transcription regulators where we identified EcxR as a gene regulator having multiple promoter-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roman R. Ganta
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases (CEVBD), Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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16
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Chimeric Virus-like Particles Co-Displaying Hemagglutinin Stem and the C-Terminal Fragment of DnaK Confer Heterologous Influenza Protection in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102109. [PMID: 36298664 PMCID: PMC9610613 DOI: 10.3390/v14102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stem is currently regarded as an extremely promising immunogen for designing universal influenza vaccines. The appropriate antigen-presenting vaccine vector would be conducive to increasing the immunogenicity of the HA stem antigen. In this study, we generated chimeric virus-like particles (cVLPs) co-displaying the truncated C-terminal of DnaK from Escherichia coli and H1 stem or full-length H1 antigen using the baculovirus expression system. Transmission electronic micrography revealed the expression and presentation of H1 stem antigens on the surface of VLPs. Vaccinations of mice with the H1 stem cVLPs induced H1-specific immune responses and provided heterologous immune protection in vivo, which was more effective than vaccinations with VLPs displaying H1 stem alone in protecting mice against weight loss as well as increasing survival rates after lethal influenza viral challenge. The results indicate that the incorporation of the truncated C-terminal of DnaK as an adjuvant protein into the cVLPs significantly enhances the H1-specific immunity and immune protection. We have explicitly identified the VLP platform as an effective way of expressing HA stem antigen and revealed that chimeric VLP is an vaccine vector for developing HA stem-based universal influenza vaccines.
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17
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García-Descalzo L, García-López E, Cid C. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Psychrophilic vs. Mesophilic Bacterial Species Reveals Different Strategies to Achieve Temperature Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841359. [PMID: 35591995 PMCID: PMC9111180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The old debate of nature (genes) vs. nurture (environmental variables) is once again topical concerning the effect of climate change on environmental microorganisms. Specifically, the Polar Regions are experiencing a drastic increase in temperature caused by the rise in greenhouse gas emissions. This study, in an attempt to mimic the molecular adaptation of polar microorganisms, combines proteomic approaches with a classical microbiological analysis in three bacterial species Shewanella oneidensis, Shewanella frigidimarina, and Psychrobacter frigidicola. Both shewanellas are members of the same genus but they live in different environments. On the other hand, Shewanella frigidimarina and Psychrobacter frigidicola share the same natural environment but belong to a different genus. The comparison of the strategies employed by each bacterial species estimates the contribution of genome vs. environmental variables in the adaptation to temperature. The results show a greater versatility of acclimatization for the genus Shewanella with respect to Psychrobacter. Besides, S. frigidimarina was the best-adapted species to thermal variations in the temperature range 4–30°C and displayed several adaptation mechanisms common with the other two species. Regarding the molecular machinery used by these bacteria to face the consequences of temperature changes, chaperones have a pivoting role. They form complexes with other proteins in the response to the environment, establishing cooperation with transmembrane proteins, elongation factors, and proteins for protection against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Descalzo
- Centro de Astrobiología, Department of Planetology and Habitability, CSIC-INTA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva García-López
- Centro de Astrobiología, Department of Molecular Ecology, CSIC-INTA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cid
- Centro de Astrobiología, Department of Molecular Ecology, CSIC-INTA, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Kirthika P, Park S, Jawalagatti V, Lee JH. Evaluation of host and bacterial gene modulation during Lawsonia intracellularis infection in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mouse model. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e41. [PMID: 35332712 PMCID: PMC9149498 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferative enteritis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis undermines the economic stability of the swine industry worldwide. The development of cost-effective animal models to study the pathophysiology of the disease will help develop strategies to counter this bacterium. OBJECTIVES This study focused on establishing a model of gastrointestinal (GI) infection of L. intracellularis in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the disease progression and lesions of proliferative enteropathy (PE) in murine GI tissue. METHODS We assessed the murine mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses generated in response to inoculation with L. intracellularis. RESULTS The mice developed characteristic lesions of the disease and shed L. intracellularis in the feces following oral inoculation with 5 × l07 bacteria. An increase in L. intracellularis 16s rRNA and groEL copies in the intestine of infected mice indicated intestinal dissemination of the bacteria. The C57BL/6 mice appeared capable of modulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to L. intracellularis infection. Notably, the expression of genes for the vitamin B12 receptor and for secreted and membrane-bound mucins were downregulated in L. intracellularis -infected mice. Furthermore, L. intracellularis colonization of the mouse intestine was confirmed by the immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the contributions of bacterial chaperonin and host nutrient genes to PE using an immunocompetent mouse model. This mouse infection model may serve as a platform from which to study L. intracellularis infection and develop potential vaccination and therapeutic strategies to treat PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sungwoo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | | | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
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Rex DAB, Chanderasekaran J, Rai AB, Phukan H, Sarma A, Prasad TSK, Madanan MG. Leptospira and Leptospirosis: New Systems Science Insights on Proteome, Posttranslational Modifications, and Pathogen-Host Interaction. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:280-289. [PMID: 35446144 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases for planetary health. It is caused by Leptospira spp., which poses a formidable challenge in both rural and urban geographies. Discovery of molecular targets is crucial for developing interventions, including vaccines, against leptospirosis. We report here novel systems science insights on Leptospira proteome, posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and pathogen-host interactions, with an eye to bacterial pathophysiology from a functional standpoint. A systematic reanalysis of unassigned spectra from our previous total proteome identification was used for a multi-PTM search. Notably, we identified 3693 unique high-confidence PTM sites corresponding to 1266 proteins (PTM-profiling probability cutoff value ≥75%). The majority of the phosphorylated peptides were found to be GroEL molecular chaperones. Notably, the molecular docking of PTM-GroEL with STAT3, an important signaling protein in cytokine production, resulted in the prediction of druggable "hotspots." These energetically significant smaller subsets of amino acids (hotspot residues) offer promise for practical applications in planetary health, rational drug design, and peptide engineering. Furthermore, the prediction strategies described here could serve as a starting point for narrowing down the more extensive interface in protein-protein interactions that currently exist. Going forward, systems science approaches and the new insights reported here offer veritable prospects for innovation in preventing and treating leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Jaikanth Chanderasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akhila Balakrishna Rai
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Homen Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, India
| | - Abhijit Sarma
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, India
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20
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Morasi RM, Rall VLM, Dantas STA, Alonso VPP, Silva NCC. Salmonella spp. in low water activity food: Occurrence, survival mechanisms, and thermoresistance. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2310-2323. [PMID: 35478321 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of disease outbreaks involving low-water-activity (aw ) foods has gained increased prominence due in part to the fact that reducing free water in these foods is normally a measure that controls the growth and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. Salmonella, one of the main bacteria involved in these outbreaks, represents a major public health problem worldwide and in Brazil, which highlights the importance of good manufacturing and handling practices for food quality. The virulence of this pathogen, associated with its high ability to persist in the environment, makes Salmonella one of the main challenges for the food industry. The objectives of this article are to present the general characteristics, virulence, thermoresistance, control, and relevance of Salmonella in foodborne diseases, and describe the so-called low-water-activity foods and the salmonellosis outbreaks involving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Martins Morasi
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Mores Rall
- Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stéfani Thais Alves Dantas
- Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Perez Alonso
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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GroEL—A Versatile Chaperone for Engineering and a Plethora of Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050607. [PMID: 35625535 PMCID: PMC9138447 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones play a vital role in the life of cells by facilitating the correct folding of other proteins and maintaining them in a functional state, being themselves, as a rule, more stable than the rest of cell proteins. Their functional properties naturally tempt investigators to actively adapt them for biotechnology needs. This review will mostly focus on the applications found for the bacterial chaperonin GroE and its counterparts from other organisms, in biotechnology or for research purposes, both in their engineered or intact versions.
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22
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Wang B, Song CR, Zhang QY, Wei PW, Wang X, Long YH, Yang YX, Liao SG, Liu HM, Xu GB. The Fusaric Acid Derivative qy17 Inhibits Staphylococcus haemolyticus by Disrupting Biofilm Formation and the Stress Response via Altered Gene Expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822148. [PMID: 35369527 PMCID: PMC8964301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is the second most commonly isolated coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) in patients with hospital-acquired infections. It can produce phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) toxins and form biofilms. Compared with the wealth of information on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, very little is known about S. haemolyticus. There is an urgent need to find an effective preparation to combat the harm caused by S. haemolyticus infection. Chinese herbs have been utilized to cure inflammation and infectious diseases and have a long history of anticancer function in China. Here, we modified fusaric acid characterized from the metabolites of Gibberella intermedia, an endophyte previously isolated from Polygonum capitatum. This study shows that fusaric acid analogs (qy17 and qy20) have strong antibacterial activity against S. haemolyticus. In addition, crystal violet analyses and scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated that qy17 inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms of S. haemolyticus in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it reduced the number of live bacteria inside the biofilm. Furthermore, the antibiofilm function of qy17 was achieved by downregulating transcription factors (sigB), transpeptidase genes (srtA), and bacterial surface proteins (ebp, fbp) and upregulating biofilm-related genes and the density-sensing system (agrB). To further elucidate the bacteriostatic mechanism, transcriptomic analysis was carried out. The following antibacterial mechanisms were uncovered: (i) the inhibition of heat shock (clpB, groES, groL, grpE, dnaK, dnaJ)-, oxidative stress (aphC)- and biotin response (bioB)-related gene expression, which resulted in S. haemolyticus being unable to compensate for various stress conditions, thereby affecting bacterial growth; and (ii) a reduction in the expression of PSM-beta (PSMβ1, PSMβ2, PSMβ3) toxin- and Clp protease (clpP, clpX)-related genes. These findings could have major implications for the treatment of diseases caused by S. haemolyticus infections. Our research reveals for the first time that fusaric acid derivatives inhibit the expression of biofilm formation-related effector and virulence genes of S. haemolyticus. These findings provide new potential drug candidates for hospital-acquired infections caused by S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, China
| | - Chao-Rong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao-Hang Long
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Xin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Ardestani H, Nazarian S, Hajizadeh A, Sadeghi D, Kordbacheh E. In silico and in vivo approaches to recombinant multi-epitope immunogen of GroEL provides efficient cross protection against S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae. Mol Immunol 2022; 144:96-105. [PMID: 35217247 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress or Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been included in various operations like protein folding, autophagy, and apoptosis. HSP families recognize as protective antigens in a wide range of bacteria because they have been conserved through evolution. Due to their homology as well as antigenicity they are competent for applying in cross-protection against bacterial diseases. METHODS In the present study, bioinformatics approaches utilized to design epitope-based construction of Hsp60 (or GroEL) protein. In this regard, potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes except for allergenic sequences were selected by immunoinformatic tools. The structural and functional aspects of the DNA, RNA, and protein levels were assessed by bioinformatics software. Following in silico investigations, recombinant GroEL multi-epitope of Salmonella typhi was expressed, purified, and validated. Mouse groups were immunized with recombinant protein and humoral immune response was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Animal challenge against Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae was evaluated. RESULTS recombinant protein expression and purification with 14.3 kilodaltons (kDa) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. After animal administration, the immunoglobulins evaluated increase after each immunization. Immunized antisera exhibited 80%, 40%, and 40% protection against the lethal dose infection by S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae respectively. Passive immunization conferred 50%, 30%, and 30% protection in mice against S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri and S. dysentery respectively. In addition, bacterial organ load had exhibited a significant decrease in colony forming unit (CFU) in the liver and spleen of the immunized mice compared to the control. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the efficacy of S. Typhi recombinant GroEL multi-epitope to consider as a universal immunogen candidate versus multiple bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ardestani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajizadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Sadeghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Kordbacheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang J, Pang H, Yin L, Zeng F, Wang N, Hoare R, Monaghan SJ, Li W, Jian J. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Lysine Acetylome in the Aquatic Animals Pathogenic Bacterium Vibrio mimicus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816968. [PMID: 35250932 PMCID: PMC8891801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM), which is dynamic and reversible, playing a crucial regulatory role in almost every aspect of metabolism, of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several global lysine acetylome studies have been carried out in various bacteria, but thus far, there have been no reports of lysine acetylation for the commercially important aquatic animal pathogen Vibrio mimicus. In the present study, we used anti-Ac-K antibody beads to highly sensitive immune-affinity purification and combined high-resolution LC-MS/MS to perform the first global lysine acetylome analysis in V. mimicus, leading to the identification of 1,097 lysine-acetylated sites on 582 proteins, and more than half (58.4%) of the acetylated proteins had only one site. The analysis of acetylated modified peptide motifs revealed six significantly enriched motifs, namely, KacL, KacR, L(-2) KacL, LKacK, L(-7) EKac, and IEKac. In addition, bioinformatic assessments state clearly that acetylated proteins have a hand in many important biological processes in V. mimicus, such as purine metabolism, ribosome, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, and so on. Moreover, 13 acetylated proteins were related to the virulence of V. mimicus. To sum up, this is a comprehensive analysis whole situation protein lysine acetylome in V. mimicus and provides an important foundation for in-depth study of the biological function of lysine acetylation in V. mimicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huanying Pang,
| | - Linlin Yin
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zeng
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Rowena Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Wanxin Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Wanxin Li, ,
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
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Parvane M, Nazarian S, Kordbache E, Fathi J, Minae ME, Ramezani MR. Evaluation of PLGA-Encapsulated Recombinant GroEL of S. typhi immune Responses Against Enterohaemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2022; 14:294-302. [PMID: 36504569 PMCID: PMC9706248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. Due to their high sequence homology, they can be developed as a new immunogen for cross prophylactic and vaccination effects against infectious agents such as Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC). This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of rGroEL of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles against EPEC and EHEC. Methods Recombinant GroEL was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The protein was encapsulated in PLGA by the double emulsion method, and the nanoparticles were characterized physicochemically. BALB/c mice were immunized, and the efficacy of the protein to elicit immune responses was assessed. Results Over-expression in E. coli led to corresponding 64.5 kDa protein bands in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Non-aggregated nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a mean diameter of 194.3±3 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 89.5±2.5%. Antibody isotyping revealed that GroEL immunization induced both IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies. Moreover, immunization of the mice with recombinant GroEL protein conferred 80 and 60% protection against lethal infections by EPEC and EHEC, respectively. Furthermore, organ burden studies revealed a significant reduction in infection in the immunized mice compared to the non-immunized ones. Passive immunization with anti-GroEL sera also protected 50% of the mice against the lethal doses of EHEC and EPEC strains. Conclusion The findings indicated that immunization of the mice with recombinant GroEL of S. typhi elicited cross-protection against other bacterial infections. This represented the immense potential of GroEL to be developed as a single vaccine against multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Parvane
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Shahram Nazarian, Ph.D., Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran; Mohamad Ebrahim Minae, Ph.D., Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail:,
| | - Emad Kordbache
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fathi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ebrahim Minae
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Shahram Nazarian, Ph.D., Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran; Mohamad Ebrahim Minae, Ph.D., Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail:,
| | - Mohammad Reza Ramezani
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Mohd Desa M, Zainal Baharin N, Khairil Mokhtar N, Dzaraly N, Muthanna A, Al-Obaidi MJ, Yuswan M, Abbasiliasi S, Rahmad N, Wan Nur Ismah WK, Hashim A, Mustafa S. Inhibition mechanisms of secretome proteins from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 and Lactococcus lactis Gh1 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.360564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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Dobrut A, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Immunogenic Proteins of Group B Streptococcus-Potential Antigens in Immunodiagnostic Assay for GBS Detection. Pathogens 2021; 11:43. [PMID: 35055991 PMCID: PMC8778278 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is an opportunistic pathogen, which asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of up to one third of healthy adults. Nevertheless, GBS carriage in pregnant women may lead to several health issues in newborns causing life threatening infection, such as sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis. Recommended GBS screening in pregnant women significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in infants. Nevertheless, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, recommended following the detection of carriage or in case of lack of a carriage test result for pregnant women who demonstrate certain risk factors, led to the expansion of the adverse phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In our paper, we reviewed some immunogenic GBS proteins, i.e., Alp family proteins, β protein, Lmb, Sip, BibA, FsbA, ScpB, enolase, elongation factor Tu, IMPDH, and GroEL, which possess features characteristic of good candidates for immunodiagnostic assays for GBS carriage detection, such as immunoreactivity and specificity. We assume that they can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to the presently recommended bacteriological cultivation and MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
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28
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Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GdhA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Required for High Temperature Adaptation. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0040021. [PMID: 34491792 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00400-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During its progression from the nasopharynx to other sterile and nonsterile niches of its human host, Streptococcus pneumoniae must cope with changes in temperature. We hypothesized that the temperature adaptation is an important facet of pneumococcal survival in the host. Here, we evaluated the effect of temperature on pneumococcus and studied the role of glutamate dehydrogenase (GdhA) in thermal adaptation associated with virulence and survival. Microarray analysis revealed a significant transcriptional response to changes in temperature, affecting the expression of 252 genes in total at 34°C and 40°C relative to at 37°C. One of the differentially regulated genes was gdhA, which is upregulated at 40°C and downregulated at 34°C relative to 37°C. Deletion of gdhA attenuated the growth, cell size, biofilm formation, pH survival, and biosynthesis of proteins associated with virulence in a temperature-dependent manner. Moreover, deletion of gdhA stimulated formate production irrespective of temperature fluctuation. Finally, ΔgdhA grown at 40°C was less virulent than other temperatures or the wild type at the same temperature in a Galleria mellonella infection model, suggesting that GdhA is required for pneumococcal virulence at elevated temperature.
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29
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Tsou AM, Goettel JA, Bao B, Biswas A, Kang YH, Redhu NS, Peng K, Putzel GG, Saltzman J, Kelly R, Gringauz J, Barends J, Hatazaki M, Frei SM, Emani R, Huang Y, Shen Z, Fox JG, Glickman JN, Horwitz BH, Snapper SB. Utilizing a reductionist model to study host-microbe interactions in intestinal inflammation. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:215. [PMID: 34732258 PMCID: PMC8565002 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, yet how these alterations contribute to intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. Murine models have demonstrated the importance of the microbiome in colitis since colitis fails to develop in many genetically susceptible animal models when re-derived into germ-free environments. We have previously shown that Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-deficient mice (Was-/-) develop spontaneous colitis, similar to human patients with loss-of-function mutations in WAS. Furthermore, we showed that the development of colitis in Was-/- mice is Helicobacter dependent. Here, we utilized a reductionist model coupled with multi-omics approaches to study the role of host-microbe interactions in intestinal inflammation. RESULTS Was-/- mice colonized with both altered Schaedler flora (ASF) and Helicobacter developed colitis, while those colonized with either ASF or Helicobacter alone did not. In Was-/- mice, Helicobacter relative abundance was positively correlated with fecal lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a marker of intestinal inflammation. In contrast, WT mice colonized with ASF and Helicobacter were free of inflammation and strikingly, Helicobacter relative abundance was negatively correlated with LCN2. In Was-/- colons, bacteria breach the mucus layer, and the mucosal relative abundance of ASF457 Mucispirillum schaedleri was positively correlated with fecal LCN2. Meta-transcriptomic analyses revealed that ASF457 had higher expression of genes predicted to enhance fitness and immunogenicity in Was-/- compared to WT mice. In contrast, ASF519 Parabacteroides goldsteinii's relative abundance was negatively correlated with LCN2 in Was-/- mice, and transcriptional analyses showed lower expression of genes predicted to facilitate stress adaptation by ASF519 in Was-/-compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that the effect of a microbe on the immune system can be context dependent, with the same bacteria eliciting a tolerogenic response under homeostatic conditions but promoting inflammation in immune-dysregulated hosts. Furthermore, in inflamed environments, some bacteria up-regulate genes that enhance their fitness and immunogenicity, while other bacteria are less able to adapt and decrease in abundance. These findings highlight the importance of studying host-microbe interactions in different contexts and considering how the transcriptional profile and fitness of bacteria may change in different hosts when developing microbiota-based therapeutics. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Tsou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Hui Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naresh S Redhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaiyue Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Saltzman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Gringauz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared Barends
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Hatazaki
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra M Frei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohini Emani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Recent Progress in Shigella and Burkholderia pseudomallei Vaccines. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111353. [PMID: 34832508 PMCID: PMC8621228 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advancement has been made in the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. However, several roadblocks have been found during the evaluation of vaccines against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Therefore, new lessons could be learned from different vaccines developed against unrelated intracellular pathogens. Bacillary dysentery and melioidosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing nations, which are caused by the intracellular bacteria Shigella and Burkholderia pseudomallei, respectively. Although the mechanisms of bacterial infection, dissemination, and route of infection do not provide clues about the commonalities of the pathogenic infectious processes of these bacteria, a wide variety of vaccine platforms recently evaluated suggest that in addition to the stimulation of antibodies, identifying protective antigens and inducing T cell responses are some additional required elements to induce effective protection. In this review, we perform a comparative evaluation of recent candidate vaccines used to combat these two infectious agents, emphasizing the common strategies that can help investigators advance effective and protective vaccines to clinical trials.
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Abstract
Streptomyces coelicolor is a model organism for the study of Streptomyces, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that undergoes a complex life cycle and produces a broad repertoire of bioactive metabolites and extracellular enzymes. This study investigated the production and characterization of membrane vesicles (MVs) in liquid cultures of S. coelicolor M145 from a structural and biochemical point of view; this was achieved by combining microscopic, physical and -omics analyses. Two main populations of MVs, with different size and cargo, were isolated and purified. S. coelicolor MV cargo was determined being complex and containing different kinds of proteins and metabolites. In particular, a whole of 166 proteins involved in cell metabolism/differentiation, molecular processing/transport, and stress response was identified in MVs, the latter functional class being also important for bacterial morpho-physiological differentiation. A subset of these proteins was protected from degradation following treatment of MVs with proteinase K, indicating their localization inside the vesicles. Moreover, S. coelicolor MVs contained an array of metabolites, such as antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids and components of carbon metabolism. In conclusion, this analysis provides detailed information on S. coelicolor MVs under basal conditions and corresponding content, which may be useful in a next future to elucidate vesicle biogenesis and functions. Importance Streptomycetes are widely distributed in nature, and they are characterized by a complex life cycle that involves morphological differentiation. They are very relevant in industry because they produce about a half of the antibiotics used clinically and other important pharmaceutical products having natural origin. Streptomyces coelicolor is a model organism for the study of bacterial differentiation and bioactive molecule production. S. coelicolor produces extracellular vesicles carrying many molecules such as proteins and metabolites, including antibiotics. The elucidation of S. coelicolor extracellular vesicle cargo will help to understand different aspects of streptomycete physiology, such as cell communication during differentiation and response to environmental stimuli. Moreover, the capability of carrying different kind of biomolecules opens up new biotechnological possibilities related to drug delivery. Indeed, the decoding of molecular mechanisms involved in cargo selection may lead to the customization of the content of extracellular vesicles.
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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Diseases-A Focus on the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092191. [PMID: 34571840 PMCID: PMC8469861 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is most known to cause a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal impairments; however, an increasing number of studies indicates that H. pylori infection might be involved in numerous extragastric diseases such as neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatobiliary, or even allergic diseases. In this review, we focused on the nervous system and aimed to summarize the findings regarding H. pylori infection and its involvement in the induction/progression of neurological disorders. Neurological impairments induced by H. pylori infection are primarily due to impairments in the gut-brain axis (GBA) and to an altered gut microbiota facilitated by H. pylori colonization. Currently, regarding a potential relationship between Helicobacter infection and neurological disorders, most of the studies are mainly focused on H. pylori.
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Wang M, Zhou T, Liang Y, Li G, Sun Y. Response characteristics of nirS-type denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans under florfenicol stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112355. [PMID: 34049225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is widely used in aquaculture and can interfere with denitrification when released into natural ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyze the response characteristics of nirS-type denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans under FF stress and further mine antibiotic-responsive factors in aquatic environment. Phenotypic analysis revealed that FF delayed the nitrate removal with a maximum inhibition value of 82.4% at exponential growth phase, leading to nitrite accumulation reached to 21.9-fold and biofilm biomass decreased by ~38.6%, which were due to the lower bacterial population count (P < 0.01). RNA-seq transcriptome analyses indicated that FF treatment decreased the expression of nirS, norB, nosD and nosZ genes that encoded enzymes required for NO2- to N2 conversion from 1.02- to 2.21-fold (P < 0.001). Furthermore, gene associated with the flagellar system FlgL was also down-regulated by 1.03-fold (P < 0.001). Moreover, 10 confirmed sRNAs were significantly induced, which regulated a wide range of metabolic pathways and protein expression. Interestingly, different bacteria contained the same sRNAs means that sRNAs can spread between them. Overall, this study suggests that the denitrification of nirS-type denitrifiers can be hampered widely by FF and the key sRNAs have great potential to be antibiotic-responsive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Asghar A, Tan YC, Shahid M, Yow YY, Lahiri C. Metabolite Profiling of Malaysian Gracilaria edulis Reveals Eplerenone as Novel Antibacterial Compound for Drug Repurposing Against MDR Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653562. [PMID: 34276590 PMCID: PMC8279767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With a continuous threat of antimicrobial resistance on human health worldwide, efforts for new alternatives are ongoing for the management of bacterial infectious diseases. Natural products of land and sea, being conceived to be having fewer side effects, pose themselves as a welcome relief. In this respect, we have taken a scaffolded approach to unearthing the almost unexplored chemical constituents of Malaysian red seaweed, Gracilaria edulis. Essentially, a preliminary evaluation of the ethyl acetate and acetone solvent extracts, among a series of six such, revealed potential antibacterial activity against six MDR species namely, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus subtilis. Detailed analyses of the inlying chemical constituents, through LC-MS and GC-MS chromatographic separation, revealed a library of metabolic compounds. These were led for further virtual screening against selected key role playing proteins in the virulence of the aforesaid bacteria. To this end, detailed predictive pharmacological analyses added up to reinforce Eplerenone as a natural alternative from the plethora of plausible bioactives. Our work adds the ongoing effort to re-discover and repurpose biochemical compounds to combat the antimicrobial resistance offered by the Gram-positive and the -negative bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Chiang Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Food Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Chandrajit Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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Wilson HL, Haddadi A, Mutwiri GK. Vaccine Formulation for Infectious Diseases and Adjuvant Mechanisms of Action. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060667. [PMID: 34207033 PMCID: PMC8235003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Azita Haddadi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
| | - George K. Mutwiri
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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