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Alaei M, Nazari SE, Pourali G, Asadnia A, Moetamani-Ahmadi M, Fiuji H, Tanzadehpanah H, Asgharzadeh F, Babaei F, Khojasteh-Leylakoohi F, Saeed Gataa I, Ali Kiani M, Ferns GA, Lam AKY, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Giovannetti E, Avan A. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Using Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Colorectal Cancer: A Study in Monolayers, Spheroids and In Vivo Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3939. [PMID: 37568755 PMCID: PMC10417395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme has been shown to be expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its dysregulation is linked to tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in CRC. The integrative systems biology method and RNAseq were utilized to investigate the differential levels of genes associated with patients with colorectal cancer. The antiproliferative activity of lopinavir/ritonavir was evaluated in both monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D) models, followed by wound-healing assays. The effectiveness of targeting CYP450 was examined in a mouse model, followed by histopathological analysis, biochemical tests (MDA, SOD, thiol, and CAT), and RT-PCR. The data of dysregulation expressed genes (DEG) revealed 1268 upregulated and 1074 down-regulated genes in CRC. Among the top-score genes and dysregulated pathways, CYPs were detected and associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Inhibition of CYP450 reduced cell proliferation via modulating survivin, Chop, CYP13a, and induction of cell death, as detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. This agent suppressed the migratory behaviors of cells by induction of E-cadherin. Moreover, lopinavir/ritonavir suppressed tumor growth and fibrosis, which correlated with a reduction in SOD/thiol levels and increased MDA levels. Our findings illustrated the therapeutic potential of targeting the CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in colorectal cancer, supporting future investigations on this novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - AliReza Asadnia
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mehrdad Moetamani-Ahmadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Fatemeh Khojasteh-Leylakoohi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Kiani
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK;
| | - Alfred King-yin Lam
- Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (H.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran; (S.E.N.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (M.M.-A.); (H.T.); (F.A.); (F.B.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq;
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Abouelezz HM, El-Kashef DH, Abdеlaziz RR, Nader MA. Tenofovir alone or combined with doxorubicin abrogates DMBA-induced mammary cell carcinoma: An insight into its modulatory impact on oxidative/Notch/apoptotic signaling. Life Sci 2023:121798. [PMID: 37236603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer incidence keeps on growing and emerging as one of the major global challenges, therefore, the introduction of new approaches is of great demand. Drug repurposing is crucial to faster and cheaper discovery of anti-cancer drugs. The antiviral tenofovir disproxil fumarate (TF) was reported to decrease hepatocellular carcinoma risk by interfering with cell cycle and proliferation. This study aimed to scrutinize the role of TF alone or combined with doxorubicin (DOX) in 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast carcinoma rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast carcinoma was induced by DMBA (7.5 mg/kg, twice/week, SC into mammary gland) for 4 successive weeks. TF (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was given orally and DOX (2 mg/kg) was injected once/week by tail vein starting from day 1. KEY FINDINGS The anti-cancerous effect of TF was mediated by suppression of oxidative stress markers and Notch signaling proteins (Notch1, JAG1, and HES1), attenuation of tumor proliferation markers (cyclin-D1 and Ki67), and boosting of apoptosis (P53 and Caspase3) and autophagy biomarkers (Beclin1 and LC3). In parallel, histopathological assessment displayed that mammary glands from animals treated with TF alone or combined with DOX showed better histopathological scores. Interestingly, TF and DOX co-treatment markedly decreased myocardial injury markers (AST, LDH, and CK-MB), restored the balance between GSH and ROS, prohibited lipid peroxidation, and preserved microscopic myocardial architecture. SIGNIFICANCE TF elicited antitumor activity via multiple molecular mechanisms. Moreover, combining TF with DOX might be a potential novel strategy to enhance DOX-anticancer activity and decrease its cardiac side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Abouelezz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdеlaziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Islam S, Rahaman MH, Yu M, Noll B, Martin JH, Wang S, Head R. Anti-Leukaemic Activity of Rilpivirine Is Mediated by Aurora A Kinase Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041044. [PMID: 36831387 PMCID: PMC9954146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) affects predominantly elderly people and has an incidence of 1% of all cancers and 2% of all cancer deaths. Despite using intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the treatment options for AML remain open for innovation. Thus, there is a need to explore alternative therapies such as less toxic targeted therapies in AML. Aurora A kinase is a well-established target for the treatment of various cancers, including AML. This kinase plays a pivotal role in the cell-division cycle, particularly in different stages of mitosis, and is also involved in many other cellular regulatory processes. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the anti-viral drug rilpivirine is an Aurora A kinase inhibitor. In the current study, we have further explored the selectivity of rilpivirine for Aurora A kinase inhibition by testing this drug against a panel of 429 kinases. Concurrently, we demonstrated that rilpivirine significantly inhibited the proliferation of AML cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner that was preceded by G2/M cell-cycle arrest leading to the induction of apoptosis. Consistent with its kinase inhibitory role, rilpivirine modulated the expression of critical proteins in the Aurora A kinase-signalling pathway. Importantly, orally administered rilpivirine significantly inhibited tumour growth in an HL-60 xenograft model without showing body weight changes or other clinical signs of toxicity. Furthermore, rilpivirine enhanced the anti-proliferative efficacy of the conventional anti-leukaemic chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine. Collectively, these findings provide the stimulus to explore further the anti-leukaemic activity of the anti-viral drug rilpivirine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Muhammed H. Rahaman
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Noll
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Martin
- Centre for Human Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Richard Head
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Islam S, Teo T, Kumarasiri M, Slater M, Martin JH, Wang S, Head R. Combined In Silico and In Vitro Evidence Supporting an Aurora A Kinase Inhibitory Role of the Anti-Viral Drug Rilpivirine and an Anti-Proliferative Influence on Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101186. [PMID: 36297298 PMCID: PMC9607353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of cancer necessitates rapid and ongoing development of effective cancer therapies. One promising approach in this context is the repurposing of existing non-cancer drugs for cancer indications. A key to this approach is selecting the cellular targets against which to identify novel repurposed drugs for pre-clinical analysis. Protein kinases are highly sought-after anticancer drug targets since dysregulation of kinases is the hallmark of cancer. To identify potential kinase-targeted drug candidates from the existing portfolio of non-cancer therapeutics, we used combined in silico and in vitro approaches, including ligand-based 3D screening followed by biochemical and cellular assessments. This strategy revealed that the anti-viral drug rilpivirine is an Aurora A kinase inhibitor. In view of previous findings implicating Aurora A kinase in abnormal cell cycle regulation, we also examined the influence of rilpivirine on the growth of T47D breast cancer cells. Herein, we detail the identification of rilpivirine as an Aurora A kinase inhibitor, its molecular basis of inhibitory activity towards this kinase, and its Aurora A-mediated anticancer mechanisms in T47D cells. Our results illustrate the value of integrated in silico and in vitro screening strategies in identifying repurposed drug candidates and provide a scientific basis for further exploring the potential anticancer properties of the anti-viral drug rilpivirine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Theodosia Teo
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Martin Slater
- Cresset Discovery, New Cambridge House, Litlington, Royston SG8 0SS, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Martin
- Centre for Human Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Richard Head
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration of TP53 Tumour Suppressor Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:875208. [PMID: 35620479 PMCID: PMC9127998 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.875208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a Human Papilloma virus-related disease, which is on the rise in a number of countries, globally. Two essential oncogenes, E6 and E7, drive cell transformation and cancer development. These two oncoproteins target two of the most important tumour suppressors, p53 and pRB, for degradation through the ubiquitin ligase pathway, thus, blocking apoptosis activation and deregulation of cell cycle. This pathway can be exploited for anticancer therapeutic interventions, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (HIV-PIs) have attracted a lot of attention for this anticancer drug development. HIV-PIs have proven effective in treating HPV-positive cervical cancers and shown to restore impaired or deregulated p53 in HPV-associated cervical cancers by inhibiting the 26S proteasome. This review will evaluate the role players, such as HPV oncoproteins involved cervical cancer development and how they are targeted in HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53 restoration in cervical cancer. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of HIV protease inhibitors and molecular mechanisms behind the HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53-dependent anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Zukile Mbita,
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Ly TTG, Yun J, Ha JS, Kim YJ, Jang WB, Van Le TH, Rethineswaran VK, Choi J, Kim JH, Min SH, Lee DH, Yang JS, Chung JS, Kwon SM. Inhibitory Effect of Etravirine, a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, via Anterior Gradient Protein 2 Homolog Degradation against Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:944. [PMID: 35055132 PMCID: PMC8777939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2), an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted in the tumor microenvironment. AGR2 is a member of the disulfide isomerase family, is highly expressed in multiple cancers, and promotes cancer metastasis. In this study, we found that etravirine, which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, could induce AGR2 degradation via autophagy. Moreover, etravirine diminished proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Moreover, in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, the combination of etravirine and paclitaxel significantly suppressed cancer progression and metastasis. This drug may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Truong Giang Ly
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seong Ha
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Woong-Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Vinoth Kumar Rethineswaran
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Deagu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Deagu 41061, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Ju-Seok Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Joo-Seop Chung
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-J.K.); (W.-B.J.); (T.H.V.L.); (V.K.R.); (J.C.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
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Sherif DA, Makled MN, Suddek GM. The HIV reverse transcriptase Inhibitor Tenofovir suppressed DMH/HFD-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:940-954. [PMID: 33829539 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colon rectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest malignancy in developed countries and a significant cause of mortality. Tenofovir reportedly reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and interferes with cell cycle and cell proliferation. The current study investigated the potential antitumor effect of tenofovir against experimentally induced CRC. CRC was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg, once a week) and high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. Rats received tenofovir at a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg (i.p.) for 24 weeks. Tenofovir-25 failed to significantly decrease the total number of dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma and to improve histopathological changes; however, tenofovir-50 resulted in no tumors seen in the colon lumen and a significant decrease in the total number of dysplasia and no adenoma or adenocarcinoma observed compared to DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-25 failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced cell proliferation, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly decreased cell proliferation revealed by the decreased PCNA expression. Tenofovir-25 also failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced oxidative stress, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly attenuated oxidative stress as indicated by the decreased MDA concentration and SOD activity along with the increased GSH concentrations. Moreover, tenofovir-50 decreased Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in colon tissues compared with DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-50 also significantly decreased INF-ɤ concentration in colon tissues. These findings suggest that the high dose of tenofovir (50 mg/kg) has antitumor potential against DMH/HFD-induced CRC, which might be mediated through the inhibition of cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Sherif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC), Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mirhan N Makled
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mascolo S, Carleo MA, Contieri M, Izzo S, Perna A, De Luca A, Esposito V. SARS-CoV-2 and inflammatory responses: From mechanisms to the potential therapeutic use of intravenous immunoglobulin. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2654-2661. [PMID: 33150961 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Due to its extreme transmissibility with droplets and human contacts, in a few months, it has become a pandemic. Nowadays, no effective therapy is available, and the scientific community is moving to find a therapeutic choice to fight this silent enemy. Studies are ongoing on several therapeutic options, including antiviral agents, immunomodulant drugs, and immunotherapy. Due to viral features, including the ability to start an inflammatory response that seems to be the fulcrum of COVID-19 pathogenic action, immunotherapy could represent a promising alternative waiting for the vaccine. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), already used in other infectious diseases, could represent an effective help. The aim of this narrative review is to reassemble the clinical experiences on the use of IVIg in COVID-19 and the rationale of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mascolo
- UOC Immunodeficiencies and Gender-Related Infectious Diseases, AO dei Colli, Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria A Carleo
- UOC Immunodeficiencies and Gender-Related Infectious Diseases, AO dei Colli, Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Izzo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- UOC Immunodeficiencies and Gender-Related Infectious Diseases, AO dei Colli, Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
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9
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Barillari G. The Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs. Front Oncol 2020; 10:806. [PMID: 32528888 PMCID: PMC7253758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of malignant tumors benefit from the formation of blood vessels within the tumor area. There, new vessels originate from angiogenesis (the sprouting of pre-existing neighboring vessels) and/or vasculogenesis (the mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial cell precursors which incorporate in tumor vasculature and then differentiate into mature endothelial cells). These events are induced by soluble molecules (the angiogenic factors) and modulated by endothelial cell interactions with the perivascular matrix. Given angiogenesis/vasculogenesis relevance to tumor progression, anti-angiogenic drugs are often employed to buttress surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Most of the anti-angiogenic drugs have been developed to functionally impair the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor: however, this leaves other angiogenic factors unaffected, hence leading to drug resistance and escape. Other anti-angiogenic strategies have exploited classical inhibitors of enzymes remodeling the perivascular matrix. Disappointingly, these inhibitors have been found toxic and/or ineffective in clinical trials, even though they block angiogenesis in pre-clinical models. These findings are stimulating the identification of other anti-angiogenic compounds. In this regard, it is noteworthy that drugs utilized for a long time to counteract human immune deficiency virus (HIV) can directly and effectively hamper molecular pathways leading to blood vessel formation. In this review the mechanisms leading to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and their susceptibility to anti-HIV drugs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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10
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Han M, Wang S, Yang N, Wang X, Zhao W, Saed HS, Daubon T, Huang B, Chen A, Li G, Miletic H, Thorsen F, Bjerkvig R, Li X, Wang J. Therapeutic implications of altered cholesterol homeostasis mediated by loss of CYP46A1 in human glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10924. [PMID: 31777202 PMCID: PMC6949512 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), but its role in disease progression is not well understood. Here, we identified cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), a brain-specific enzyme responsible for the elimination of cholesterol through the conversion of cholesterol into 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC), as one of the most dramatically dysregulated cholesterol metabolism genes in GBM. CYP46A1 was significantly decreased in GBM samples compared with normal brain tissue. A reduction in CYP46A1 expression was associated with increasing tumour grade and poor prognosis in human gliomas. Ectopic expression of CYP46A1 suppressed cell proliferation and in vivo tumour growth by increasing 24OHC levels. RNA-seq revealed that treatment of GBM cells with 24OHC suppressed tumour growth through regulation of LXR and SREBP signalling. Efavirenz, an activator of CYP46A1 that is known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibited GBM growth in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that CYP46A1 is a critical regulator of cellular cholesterol in GBM and that the CYP46A1/24OHC axis is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ning Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | | | - Thomas Daubon
- INSERM U1029Institut Nationale de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicalePessacFrance
- University BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Bin Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Anjing Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
- School of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Gang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of BiomedicineThe Molecular Imaging CenterUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of OncologyLuxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Xingang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingDepartment of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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11
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Perna A, Hay E, Contieri M, De Luca A, Guerra G, Lucariello A. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC): Cause or consequence of inflammation, dysbiosis, and rupture of cellular joints in patients with IBD? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5041-5049. [PMID: 31898324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are many factors contributing to the development of gastrointestinal diseases, grouped into genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years attention has fallen on pathogens; in particular, Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Helicobacter pylori have been studied. Several points remain to be clarified, and above all, as regards the adherent-invasive E. coli strains of E. coli, one wonders if they are a cause or a consequence of the disease. In this review, we have tried to clarify some points by examining a series of recent publications regarding the involvement of the bacterium in the pathology, even if other studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Eleonora Hay
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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12
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Di Lullo AM, Paolucci A, Motta S, Cantone E, Barbieri E, Cicala D, Grassi R, Bruno F, Splendiani A, Tortora F, Cavaliere M, Brunese L. Diagnosis and management of intralabyrinthine schwannoma: case series and review of the literature. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:136-144. [PMID: 32945288 PMCID: PMC7944674 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i8-s.9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a rare benign tumor affecting cochlear and vestibular nerves, whose symptoms are generally unspecific and frequently responsible for a late diagnosis. Radiological examinations, with particular reference to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), represent the only diagnostic technique to identify ILS. On computed tomography ILS can only be indirectly suspected by the presence of surrounding bone remodeling, whereas MRI provides direct visualization of the neoplasm as a filling defect within the labyrinth with vivid contrast enhancement. At the same time, MRI is also helpful in defining ILS anatomical extension into adjacent structures and in planning therapeutic management. Here we report three representative cases of ILS with new pictorial imaging features to improve ILS early detection and optimize subsequent therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Miriam Di Lullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy, CEINGE- Advanced Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Motta
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Barbieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Domenico Cicala
- Department of Neurosciences, “Santobono-Pausilipon” Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Grassi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Bruno
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila,Italy
| | - Alessandra Splendiani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila,Italy
| | - Fabio Tortora
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Cavaliere
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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13
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Forte M, Di Lorenzo M, Iachetta G, Mita DG, Laforgia V, De Falco M. Nonylphenol acts on prostate adenocarcinoma cells via estrogen molecular pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:412-419. [PMID: 31108418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a role in the patho-physiology of the prostate. In the present work we studied the effects of nonylphenol (NP), a xenoestrogen, on human adenocarcinoma prostate cells (LNCaP). In order to understand molecular and cellular involvement, we observed the effects on cell cycle and we investigated the expression and the cellular localization of estrogen receptors and gene expression of cyclin D1, ki-67, c-myc, IL-8, IL-1β. We performed the same experiments with 17β-estradiol (E2), the most abundant estrogen circulating in nonpregnant humans in order to compare these two different substances. We demonstrated the ability of 1 × 10-10 M NP to induce proliferation of LNCaP, S-phase progression, increase of ERα expression and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, we observed an up-regulation of key target genes involved in cell cycle and inflammation process. Particularly, after NP treatment, IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA levels are increased more than 50% indicating a major NP involvement in inflammation processes than E2. These data suggest the proliferative effects of NP on prostate adenocarcinoma cells and highlight some aspects of molecular pathways involved in prostate responses to NP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Kirwale S, Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Murugappan S, Khurana A, Godugu C. Selenium nanoparticles induce autophagy mediated cell death in human keratinocytes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1991-2010. [PMID: 31355710 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) may have a potential role in treating dermal disorders due to its wide therapeutic properties, but there is a need to evaluate its toxicity in keratinocytes. The present study evaluated the molecular mechanism and mode of cell death induced by SeNPs on dermal keratinocytes. Materials & methods: SeNPs were synthesized, characterized and studied in human keratinocytes cells. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were evaluated by various techniques. Additionally, autophagy mediated apoptotic cell death was evaluated. Results: SeNPs induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in keratinocytes by increasing autophagy through the formation of acidic lysosomes and autophagosomes. Conclusion: Overall, SeNPs induce the oxidative stress and autophagy mediated apoptotic cell death in human keratinocytes cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Kirwale
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Murugappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu-602117, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
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15
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Therapeutic effects of turmeric in several diseases: An overview. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108729. [PMID: 31255636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A nutraceutical product can be defined as a substance that has a physiological benefit or provides protection against chronic diseases. The term nutraceutical is a hybrid term derived from the union of "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical". The list of studied nutraceuticals is constantly changing and reflects ongoing market developments, research and consumer interest. Spices, in addition to giving color and taste to foods, are also important nutraceutical. Spices have been an integral part of human diets and commerce for millennia but recently, the recognition of the link between health and nutrition has strengthened their importance in the food sector and sparked the interest of researchers who increasingly engage in trying to determine the mechanisms of action of spices and the countless beneficial properties attributed to them. Among the many existing spices, turmeric is one of the most studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer properties. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the fundamental characteristics of turmeric and give an overview of the use of this spice in several diseases.
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16
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Esposito T, Lucariello A, Hay E, Contieri M, Tammaro P, Varriale B, Guerra G, De Luca A, Perna A. Effects of curcumin and its adjuvant on TPC1 thyroid cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:112-118. [PMID: 30935902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that different curcumin extracts are able to influence cell metabolic activity vitality in human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells. We continued the study using the most effective extract and adding other nutraceuticals such as piperine and vitamin E, in order to define the possible role of these in modulating the genetic expression of cell markers and to understand the effectiveness in modulating the regression of cancer phenotype. Cells were treated with one extract of curcumin (Naturex® Ultimate Botanical Benefits), with Piperine (Piper Longum, A.C.E.F.) and Vitamin E (Dry Vitamin E-Acetate 50% DC, BASF) alone and in combination, dissolved in the culture medium, for 48 h. Treatment with the different nutraceuticals is able to influence cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, β-catenin, p21, p53) and activators or inhibitors of apoptosis (BAX, pro-caspase3, Bcl-2). They are able to influence cell cycle distribution and metabolic activity vitality. The inhibitory effect of curcumin, piperine and vitamin E on cell proliferation involves different markers, and in particular inhibits β-catenin, cyclinD1 and p53, making them candidates for a possible use in alternative therapies although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Hay
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tammaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Varriale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
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17
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Coppola N, Perna A, Lucariello A, Martini S, Macera M, Carleo MA, Guerra G, Esposito V, De Luca A. Effects of treatment with Maraviroc a CCR5 inhibitor on a human hepatic stellate cell line. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6224-6231. [PMID: 29336497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After an acute liver damage, tissue regeneration repairs lesions with degradation of deposed fibrotic material, while mechanisms of tissue restoration are persistently activated following several repeated injuries, inducing deposition of extracellular matrix. (ECM). Factors responsible for ECM remodeling have been identified in a pathway involving a family of zinc-dependent enzyme matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), together with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Recent experimental models suggested a role of CCR5 receptor in the genesis of liver fibrosis. Drawing from these background we decided to evaluate the effects of the treatment with the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc on LX-2, a human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC). Treatment with Maraviroc resulted in a block in S phase of LX-2 cells with increased expression levels of cyclin D1 and p21 while the expression of p53 was reduced. Treatment with Maraviroc was also able to block the accumulation of fibrillar collagens and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), as demonstrated by the decrease of specific markers as Collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1. In addition we observed a down regulation of both metalloproteins (MMP-2, MMP-9), used for the degradation of the extracellular matrix and their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2). The identification of a compound that may modulate the dynamic of liver fibrosis could be crucial in all chronic liver diseases. Maraviroc could play an important role because, in addition to its own anti-HIV activity, it could reduce the release of pro-inflammatory citokynes implicated in liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Martini
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria A Carleo
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infectiuos Emergencies, Immunodepression and Systemic Infections Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Molise, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infectious Emergencies, General Infectious Diseases Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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18
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Zuccolo E, Lim D, Kheder DA, Perna A, Catarsi P, Botta L, Rosti V, Riboni L, Sancini G, Tanzi F, D'Angelo E, Guerra G, Moccia F. Acetylcholine induces intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations and nitric oxide release in mouse brain endothelial cells. Cell Calcium 2017; 66:33-47. [PMID: 28807148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain neurons increase cortical blood flow by releasing acetylcholine (Ach), which stimulates endothelial cells (ECs) to produce the vasodilating gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO). Surprisingly, the mechanism whereby Ach induces NO synthesis in brain microvascular ECs is unknown. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration recruits a multitude of endothelial Ca2+-dependent pathways, such as Ca2+/calmodulin endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The present investigation sought to investigate the role of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in Ach-induced NO production in bEND5 cells, an established model of mouse brain microvascular ECs, by conventional imaging of cells loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive dye, Fura-2/AM, and the NO-sensitive fluorophore, DAF-DM diacetate. Ach induced dose-dependent Ca2+ oscillations in bEND5 cells, 300 μM being the most effective dose to generate a prolonged Ca2+ burst. Pharmacological manipulation revealed that Ach-evoked Ca2+ oscillations required metabotropic muscarinic receptor (mAchR) activation and were patterned by a complex interplay between repetitive ER Ca2+ release via inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). A comprehensive real time-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the expression of the transcripts encoding for M3-mAChRs, InsP3R1 and InsP3R3, Stim1-2 and Orai2. Next, we found that Ach-induced NO production was hindered by L-NAME, a selective NOS inhibitor, and BAPTA, a membrane permeable intracellular Ca2+ buffer. Moreover, Ach-elicited NO synthesis was blocked by the pharmacological abrogation of the accompanying Ca2+ spikes. Overall, these data shed novel light on the molecular mechanisms whereby neuronally-released Ach controls neurovascular coupling in blood microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella Zuccolo
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedment "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Dlzar Ali Kheder
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Zakho, Kurdistan-Region of Iraq, Iraq
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Catarsi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Botta
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Tanzi
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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