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Silva JA, Castañares M, Mouguelar H, Valenciano JA, Pellegrino MS. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from the reproductive tract of mares as potentially beneficial strains to prevent equine endometritis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1353-1366. [PMID: 38233700 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Endometritis, the inflammation of the endometrium, is the leading cause of subfertility in mares, and therefore responsible for major economic losses in the horse industry worldwide. It is generally treated with uterine lavages combined with ecbolic agents and local or systemic antibiotics. However, since antibiotic overuse has been associated with antimicrobial resistance in mares with persistent endometritis, new prevention and treatment alternatives are needed. One such alternative could be the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the host. Thanks to their species specificity, resident microbiota may restore ecological equilibrium within the host, and therefore, help prevent infections and improve physiological functions. In the present study, 257 bacterial strains were isolated from 77 healthy mares, and 88.76% (n = 228) of them were phenotypically classified as LAB. Within this group, 65.79% were able to inhibit at least one strain from each of the genera that most commonly cause equine endometritis (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus spp.). Five strains (RCE11, RCE20, RCE91, RCE99, and RCE167) were selected on the basis of their beneficial properties: ability to autoaggregate and adhere to equine epithelial cells, high inhibition of and co-aggregation with all the bacteria isolated from clinical cases of endometritis evaluated, and negative co-inhibition between one another. All five were finally identified as Enterococcus spp., namely E. faecium (two strains), E. hirae (two strains), and E. gallinarum (one strain). Further studies will assess their safety and biotechnological potential for the design of a multi-strain probiotic formula to prevent equine endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco-Qcas y Naturales, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Castañares
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco-Qcas y Naturales, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Horacio Mouguelar
- Departament of Anatomy, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar Valenciano
- Departament of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Matías Santiago Pellegrino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco-Qcas y Naturales, National University of Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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El Jeni R, Villot C, Koyun OY, Osorio-Doblado A, Baloyi JJ, Lourenco JM, Steele M, Callaway TR. Invited review: "Probiotic" approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing "magic foo-foo dust". J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1832-1856. [PMID: 37949397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069
| | - O Y Koyun
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J J Baloyi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
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3
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Li K, Yang M, Tian M, Jia L, Wu Y, Du J, Yuan L, Li L, Ma Y. The preventive effects of Lactobacillus casei 03 on Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38395896 PMCID: PMC10893599 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus casei possesses many kinds of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant, and has been applied to treating multiple inflammatory diseases. However, its role in mastitis prevention has remained ambiguous. METHODS This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of L. casei 03 against E. coli- mastitis utilizing bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and a mouse model. RESULTS In vitro assays revealed pretreatment with L. casei 03 reduced the apoptotic ratio and the mRNA expression levels of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and suppressed phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, p38, JNK and ERK in the NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo tests indicated that intramammary infusion of L. casei 03 relieved pathological changes, reduced the secretion of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and MPO activity in the mouse mastitis model. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that L. casei 03 exerts protective effects against E. coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo and may hold promise as a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyue Tian
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, China
| | - Lining Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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4
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Lin WC, Hsu KC, You MF, Lee KH, Chi CH, Chen JY. Octanoic acid promotes clearance of antibiotic-tolerant cells and eradicates biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from recurrent bovine mastitis. Biofilm 2023; 6:100149. [PMID: 37635811 PMCID: PMC10450856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment for bovine mastitis, but the drawbacks of this strategy include poor cure rate and economic losses from the need to discard milk with antibiotic residues. Unfortunately, few other treatment options are currently available for mastitis. Failure of antibiotic treatments is often attributed to formation of bacterial biofilms and abscesses in the mammary gland tissue, which lead to chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate and drive recurrent disease. A major mastitis-causing pathogen (MCP) associated with biofilms in bovine mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we demonstrate that octanoic acid has broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against MCPs and effectively inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation in milk (>50% inhibition at 3.13 mM). Octanoic acid effectively clears biofilms (95% eradication at 1X minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC) and infrequently induces S. aureus small colony variants (SCVs) that may cause recurrent mastitis. Additionally, octanoic acid rapidly kills persistent biofilm cells and cells with antibiotic tolerance (within 4 h). In contrast, antibiotics treated at >100X MBC cannot eradicate biofilms but do induce SCVs and antibiotic-tolerant cells. These effects may accelerate the transition from biofilm to chronic infection. Thus, octanoic acid exhibits bactericidal action against S. aureus biofilms, and it is less likely than antibiotic therapy to induce persistent cells and pathogen tolerance. Moreover, octanoic acid acts additively with antibiotics against S. aureus, and it attenuates tetracycline-induced virulence factor gene expression in S. aureus cells. According to these data, octanoic acid may prevent the pathological progression of bovine mastitis and offer a new strategy for treating the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chen Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng You
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hua Lee
- Hsin-Chu Branch Station, COA- TRI, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwa Chi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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5
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Li K, Yang M, Jia L, Tian M, Du J, Wu Y, Yuan L, Li L, Ma Y. The Prevention Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 on Escherichia coli-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1644-1652. [PMID: 36790662 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most economically important disease affecting the dairy industry worldwide. Lactobacillus plantarum, an important probiotic with a wide range of applications, has potential anti-inflammatory properties and has become a currently strong candidate for mastitis therapies. In the current study, we evaluated the prevention effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 on Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in mice. The results showed that pretreatment with L. plantarum 17-5 maintained the integrity of tight junctions; improved inflammatory injury; decreased MPO activity and the mRNA expression levels of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα; and inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in mice mammary tissue. The results indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 17-5 had excellent anti-inflammatory activities and could be developed into microecological preparation for clinical use to prevent mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyue Tian
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lining Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
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6
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Caneschi A, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A. Plant Essential Oils as a Tool in the Control of Bovine Mastitis: An Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083425. [PMID: 37110657 PMCID: PMC10141161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a major concern for the dairy cattle community worldwide. Mastitis, subclinical or clinical, can be caused by contagious or environmental pathogens. Costs related to mastitis include direct and indirect losses, leading to global annual losses of USD 35 billion. The primary treatment of mastitis is represented by antibiotics, even if that results in the presence of residues in milk. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock is contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in a limited resolution of mastitis treatments, as well as a serious threat for public health. Novel alternatives, like the use of plant essential oils (EOs), are needed to replace antibiotic therapy when facing multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies available on EOs and their main components as an antibacterial treatment against a variety of mastitis causing pathogens. There are many in vitro studies, but only several in vivo. Given the promising results of treatments with EOs, further clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caneschi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Paramasivam R, Gopal DR, Dhandapani R, Subbarayalu R, Elangovan MP, Prabhu B, Veerappan V, Nandheeswaran A, Paramasivam S, Muthupandian S. Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:155-178. [PMID: 36636377 PMCID: PMC9831082 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s384776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly illness impacting dairy herds worldwide. The presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows has an impact on the decreased output of milk and milk quality, culling of affected cows, mortality rate, as well as mastitis-related treatment expenses, generating significant financial loss to the dairy industry. The pathogenic bacteria invade through the mammary gland, which then multiply in the milk-producing tissues causing infection, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk is concerning, jeopardizes human health, and also has public health consequences. Intervention to promote herd health is essential to protect public health and the economy. Results This review attempts to provide an overview of subclinical mastitis, including mastitis in different species, the effect of mastitis on human health and its pathogenic mechanism, the prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis, and current preventive, diagnostic, and treatment methods for subclinical mastitis. It also elaborates on the management practices that should be followed by the farms to improve herd immunity and health. Conclusion This review brings the importance of the threat of antimicrobial resistance organisms to the dairy industry. Furthermore, this review gives a glimpse of the economic consequences faced by the farmers and a futuristic mastitis market analysis in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragul Paramasivam
- Research and Development Division, Chimertech Private Limited, Chennai, India
| | - Dhinakar Raj Gopal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Science University (TANUVAS), Chennai, 600007, India
| | | | | | | | - Bhavadharani Prabhu
- Research and Development Division, Chimertech Private Limited, Chennai, India
| | - Veeramani Veerappan
- Research and Development Division, Chimertech Private Limited, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Lab, Centre for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India,Division of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Saravanan Muthupandian, Email
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8
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Kober AKMH, Saha S, Islam MA, Rajoka MSR, Fukuyama K, Aso H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics: A Novel Preventive Approach for the Control of Bovine Mastitis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2255. [PMID: 36422325 PMCID: PMC9692641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle, causing economic and welfare problems in dairy farming worldwide. Because of the predominant bacterial etiology, the treatment of BM is mostly based on antibiotics. However, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), treatment effectiveness, and the cost of mastitis at farm level are linked to limitations in the antibiotic therapy. These scenarios have prompted the quest for new preventive options, probiotics being one interesting alternative. This review article sought to provide an overview of the recent advances in the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of BM. The cellular and molecular interactions of beneficial microbes with mammary gland (MG) cells and the impact of these interactions in the immune responses to infections are revised. While most research has demonstrated that some probiotics strains can suppress mammary pathogens by competitive exclusion or the production of antimicrobial compounds, recent evidence suggest that other probiotic strains have a remarkable ability to modulate the response of MG to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation. Immunomodulatory probiotics or immunobiotics can modulate the expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in the MG epithelium, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines induced upon pathogen challenge. The scientific evidence revised here indicates that immunobiotics can have a beneficial role in MG immunobiology and therefore they can be used as a preventive strategy for the management of BM and AMR, the enhancement of animal and human health, and the improvement of dairy cow milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sudeb Saha
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- The Cattle Museum, Maesawa, Oshu 029-4205, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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9
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Tea Polyphenols Protect the Mammary Gland of Dairy Cows by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Regulating the TGF-β1/p38/JNK Pathway. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111009. [PMID: 36355092 PMCID: PMC9699432 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the main active substances in tea and they have many beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-cancer and metabolic regulation effects. The quality of milk is affected by mammary gland diseases and there are substantial economic losses resulting from reduced milk production as a consequence of inflammatory injury of the mammary gland. In this study, transcriptome analysis and molecular biology techniques were used to study the effects of TPs on inflammatory injury of the mammary gland. After intervention with TPs, a total of 2085 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 1189 up-regulated genes and 896 down-regulated genes. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes played an important role in proton transmembrane transport, oxidation-reduction reactions and inflammatory response. KEGG enrichment suggested that differential genes were concentrated in the TGF-β pathway and active oxygen metabolism process. Experiments were performed to confirm that TPs increased SOD, CAT, T-AOC and GSH-Px content along with a reduction in MDA. Meanwhile, TPs inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased after intervention with TPs. In summary, all the data indicated that TPs protected the mammary gland by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and down-regulating the TGF-β1/p38/JNK pathway.
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10
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Gene Expression and Economic Evaluation of Parameters Associated with Mastitis Susceptibility in European Cattle Breeds. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060294. [PMID: 35737346 PMCID: PMC9229636 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene expression and economic evaluation of parameters associated with mastitis susceptibility in Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows. Two hundred and forty Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows (120 cows of each breed) were used in this study. The investigated dairy cows in each breed were allocated into two equal-sized groups (60 cows each); mastitis tolerant and affected groups. PCR-DNA sequencing of SELL, ABCG2, SLC11A1, FEZL, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, and AhpC/TSA revealed nucleotide sequence variations in the form of SNPs associated with mastitis tolerance/susceptibility in investigated Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows. Levels of SELL, SLC11A1 and FEZL gene expression were significantly up-regulated in mastitic Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows than in tolerant ones. Meanwhile, ABCG2, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, and AhpC/TSA genes were significantly downregulated. Regarding the economic parameters, significant differences were recorded for net returns and a reduction in the percentage of net profit, as the higher values of net returns were recorded for tolerant dairy cows than mastitic ones in both breeds; moreover, the net profit was reduced by 39% and 27% in mastitic Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows, respectively, when compared to tolerant ones. The results herein confirmed the potential significance of investigated genes as candidates for mastitis tolerance/susceptibility in Holstein and Brown Swiss dairy cows. Mastitis also has detrimental impacts on economic efficiency in dairy farms.
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11
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Berardo N, Giraudo J, Magnano G, Nader‐Macias MEF, Bogni C, Pellegrino M. L. lactis
subsp
lactis
CRL1655
and
S. perolens
CRL1724
inhibit the adherence of common bovine mastitis pathogens to mammary gland cells, without causing histological changes in the mammary gland. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:733-742. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Berardo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J. Giraudo
- Departament of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - G. Magnano
- Departament of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. E. F. Nader‐Macias
- CERELA‐CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina), Pharmabiotic Department, Chacabuco 145, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. Bogni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. Pellegrino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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12
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Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030372. [PMID: 35335696 PMCID: PMC8954094 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In naturally occurring bovine mastitis, effects of infection depend on the host inflammatory response, including the effects of secreted cytokines. Knowledge about the inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in milk cells of free-stall barn dairy cows and in naturally occurring mastitis is lacking as most studies focus on induced mastitis. Hereby, the aim of the study was to determine inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the milk of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The following examinations of milk samples were performed: differential counting of somatic cells (SCC), bacteriological examination, and immunocytochemical analysis. Mean SCC increased in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases. The number of pathogenic mastitis-causing bacteria on plates increased in subclinical mastitis cases but decreased in clinical mastitis. The inflammatory and regulatory markers in the milk cells of healthy cows showed the highest mean cell numbers (%). In mastitis cases, immunoreactivity was more pronounced for IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Data about subclinical and clinical mastitis demonstrate inflammatory responses to intramammary infection driven by IL-1α, IL-4, and IL-17A. Moreover, the host defense response in mastitis is characterized by continuation or resolution of initial inflammation. IL-12 and INF-γ immunoreactivity was recognized to differ mastitis cases from the relative health status.
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13
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Chen Q, Wang S, Guo J, Xie Q, Evivie SE, Song Y, Li B, Huo G. The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770822. [PMID: 34858427 PMCID: PMC8630701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow mastitis, which significantly lowers milk quality, is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. Previous studies have suggested that lactic acid bacteria can have antagonistic effects on pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo alleviative effects of L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 in mastitis treatment. In vitro antibacterial experiments were performed using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC), followed by in vivo studies involving mastitis mouse models. In vitro results indicate that lactic acid was the primary substance inhibiting the E. coli pathogen. Meanwhile, treatment with L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 can reduce cytokines' mRNA expression levels in the inflammatory response of bMEC induced by LPS. In vivo, the use of this strain reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inhibited the secretion of p-p65 and p-IκBα. These results indicate that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 pretreatment can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, thus exerting prevent the occurrence of inflammation in vivo. Our findings show that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 has excellent properties as an alternative to antibiotics and can be developed into lactic acid bacteria preparation to prevent mastitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company Ltd., Qiqihaer, China
| | - Smith Etareri Evivie
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yue Song
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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14
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Beuckelaere L, De Visscher A, Souza FN, Meyer E, Haesebrouck F, Piepers S, De Vliegher S. Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows. Vet Res 2021; 52:137. [PMID: 34711282 PMCID: PMC8554945 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive research has been performed on bovine non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), several aspects such as bacteria-host interaction remain largely unstudied. Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100 000 or 10 000 000 CFU of the udder-adapted S. chromogenes IM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, since S. chromogenes IM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing. S. chromogenes IM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10 000 000 CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-γ levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized with S. chromogenes IM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Beuckelaere
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115 bus 1, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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15
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Zheng Y, Liu G, Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H, Li S. Lactobacillus casei Zhang Counteracts Blood-Milk Barrier Disruption and Moderates the Inflammatory Response in Escherichia coli-Induced Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675492. [PMID: 34248887 PMCID: PMC8264260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common mastitis-causing pathogen that can disrupt the blood-milk barrier of mammals. Although Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) can alleviate mice mastitis, whether it has a prophylactic effect on E. coli-induced mastitis through intramammary infusion, as well as its underlying mechanism, remains unclear. In this study, E. coli-induced injury models of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and mice in lactation were used to fill this research gap. In vitro tests of BMECs revealed that LCZ significantly inhibited the E. coli adhesion (p < 0.01); reduced the cell desmosome damage; increased the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1; p < 0.01); and decreased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.01), thereby increasing trans-epithelial electric resistance (p < 0.01) and attenuating the lactate dehydrogenase release induced by E. coli (p < 0.01). In vivo tests indicated that LCZ significantly reduced the injury and histological score of mice mammary tissues in E. coli-induced mastitis (p < 0.01) by significantly promoting the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 (p < 0.01), which ameliorated blood-milk barrier disruption, and decreasing the expression of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in mice mammary tissue (p < 0.01). Our study suggested that LCZ counteracted the disrupted blood-milk barrier and moderated the inflammatory response in E. coli-induced injury models, indicating that LCZ can ameliorate the injury of mammary tissue in mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Sharun K, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Gugjoo MB, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Pathak M, Karthik K, Khurana SK, Singh R, Puvvala B, Amarpal, Singh R, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:107-136. [PMID: 33509059 PMCID: PMC7906113 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Blanchet F, Rault L, Peton V, Le Loir Y, Blondeau C, Lenoir L, Dubourdeaux M, Even S. Heat inactivation partially preserved barrier and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:95-106. [PMID: 33393446 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics could help combat infections and reduce antibiotic use. As use of live bacteria is limited in some cases by safety or regulatory concerns, the potential of inactivated bacteria is worth investigating. We evaluated the potential of live and heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 to counteract Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection cycles in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. We assessed the ability of live and inactivated LA806 to impair pathogen colonisation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and to modulate cytokine expression by pathogen-stimulated bMECs. Live LA806 induced a five-fold decrease in S. aureus adhesion and internalisation (while not affecting E. coli colonisation) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by S. aureus-stimulated bMECs (without interfering with the immune response to E. coli). The ability of inactivated LA806 ability to diminish S. aureus colonisation was two-fold lower than that of the live strain, but its anti-inflammatory properties were barely impacted. Even though LA806 effects were impaired after inactivation, both live and inactivated LA806 have barrier and immunomodulatory properties that could be useful to counteract S. aureus colonisation in the bovine mammary gland. As S. aureus is involved in various types of infection, LA806 potential would worth exploring in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanchet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Rault
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - V Peton
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Wamine, 20, rue du Docteur-Finlay, 75738 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Y Le Loir
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - C Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Lenoir
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - M Dubourdeaux
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Even
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
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18
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Nagahata H, Moriyama A, Sawada C, Asai Y, Kokubu C, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Innate immune response of mammary gland induced by intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve in lactating dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1742-1749. [PMID: 33071254 PMCID: PMC7804045 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate innate immune responses of mammary glands induced by intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve in dairy
cows. Somatic cell counts in quarters of cows showed a marked increase following B. breve infusion on days 1 and 2. Opsonized-stimulated
chemiluminescence response in quarter milk was significantly (P<0.05) increased by B. breve infusion on days 1 to 3
compared to that of pre-infusion. Lactoferrin concentrations in B. breve-infused quarter milk increased significantly
(P<0.05) on days 2 to 4 and 6 compared to those of pre-infusion. IgG and IgA concentrations in B. breve-infused quarters
significantly (P<0.05) increased on days 2 to 4 for IgG and days 3, 4, 6 and 8 for IgA compared to those of pre-infusion. Interleukin
(IL)-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated on day
1 compared to those on days 0 and 14. Conversely, IL-6 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters on days 0, 1 and 14 and
NF-κB mRNA levels on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated compared to those of control. IL-1β, tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 concentrations increased on days 1, 3 and 7 after B. breve infusion in quarters. Intramammary infusion of B.
breve (3 × 109 cfu) induces a massive influx of leukocytes and enhances innate immune response in mammary glands. This event may
contribute to the enhancing host defense in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Moriyama
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Sawada
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Asai
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kokubu
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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19
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Nagahata H, Mukai T, Natsume Y, Okuda M, Ando T, Hisaeda K, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve on mastitis pathogens and somatic cell response in quarters from dairy cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13406. [PMID: 32578314 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on mastitis-causing pathogens and on the somatic cell counts (SCC) in lactating cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. The bacteriological cure rates of 42 quarters from 42 cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium bovis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and environmental streptococci were 18.2% (2/11), 14.3% (1/7), 58.8% (10/17), and 28.6% (2/7), respectively, on day 14 after B. breve infusion. In a second trial, B. breve was infused into 18 quarters from 18 cows with chronic subclinical mastitis from which pathogens had not been isolated; the rates of quarters showing SCC > 50 × 104 cells/ml prior to B. breve infusion that decreased to < 30 × 104 cells/ml after infusion were significantly (p < .01) increased to 61.1% (11/18) on day 14 compared to that prior to infusion (0/18). The intramammary infusion of B. breve appears to be a non-antibiotic approach for elimination of minor pathogens and decreasing SCC in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Large Animal Medicine Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takuma Mukai
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yo Natsume
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Okuda
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Large Animal Medicine Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Berardo N, Bohl L, Porporatto C, Nader-Macias MEF, Bogni C, Pellegrino M. Intramammary inoculation with lactic acid bacteria at dry-off triggers an immunomodulatory response in dairy cows. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:561-572. [PMID: 33032469 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to prevent bovine mastitis is responsible for the emergence and selection of resistant strains. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could be introduced into animal feed as an alternative prevention method that would bypass the risk of resistance development. In previous research, we demonstrated that two probiotic LAB strains isolated from bovine milk were capable of stimulating the production of antibodies and the host's immune cellular response in the udder. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the antibodies of animals inoculated with these strains were able to increase phagocytosis by neutrophils and inhibit the growth of different mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, the effect of LAB on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was assessed. Ten animals were inoculated intramammarily with 106 cells of the two strains at dry-off. The blood serum was tested for its ability to opsonize bovine mastitis pathogens, the in vitro bactericidal activity of bovine blood and milk against these pathogens was determined, and cytokine mRNA expression was quantified in milk somatic cells. The inoculated animals did not show abnormal signs of sensitivity to the LAB. Their blood serum significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus spp. and the LAB. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus uberis were inhibited by the milk serum but not the blood serum, whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were inhibited by both. In regard to cytokine expression, interleukin (IL)-1β increased markedly for up to 4 h post-inoculation, and an increase in IL-8 was observed 4, 12 and 24 h after inoculation. Tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA increased 1 and 2 h after inoculation and a significant difference was registered at 6 h for interferon-γ. This rapid immunomodulatory response shows that inoculating animals with LAB at dry-off, when they are especially susceptible, could be a useful strategy for the prevention of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berardo
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800-Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB-Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Bohl
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB-Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CIT-VM (Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María), Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555, 5900-Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Porporatto
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB-Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CIT-VM (Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María), Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555, 5900-Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E F Nader-Macias
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB-Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CERELA-CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina), Departamento de Microbiología Preventiva, Chacabuco 145, 4000- San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - C Bogni
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800-Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Pellegrino
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800-Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB-Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 Ameliorates Escherichia coli-Induced Cell Damage via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Promoting ATG5/ATG16L1-Mediated Autophagy in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030112. [PMID: 32823867 PMCID: PMC7558184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a main mastitis-causing pathogen in sows, leads to mammary tissue damage. Here, we explored the effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 on attenuating E. coli-induced inflammatory damage in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs). L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment reduced E. coli adhesion to PMECs by competitive exclusion and the production of inhibitory factors and decreased E. coli-induced destruction of cellular morphology and ultrastructure. E. coli induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1, however, L. johnsonii L531 inhibited E. coli-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Up-regulation of interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, Il-8, Il-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and chemokine Cxcl2 expression after E. coli infection was attenuated by L. johnsonii L531. E. coli infection inhibited autophagy, whereas L. johnsonii L531 reversed the inhibitory effect of E. coli on autophagy by decreasing the expression of autophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 and increasing the expression of autophagy-related proteins ATG5, ATG16L1, and light chain 3 protein by Western blotting analysis. Our findings suggest that L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment restricts NLRP3 inflammasome activity and induces autophagy through promoting ATG5/ATG16L1-mediated autophagy, thereby protecting against E. coli-induced inflammation and cell damage in PMECs.
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22
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Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M. Staphylococcus aureus persistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1102-1119. [PMID: 32416020 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of contagious bovine intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Its ability to persist inside the udder is based on the presence of important mechanisms such as its ability to form biofilms, polysaccharide capsules small colony variants, and their ability to invade professional and nonprofessional cells, which will protect S. aureus from the innate and adaptive immune response of the cow, and from antibiotics that are no longer considered to be sufficient against S. aureus bovine mastitis. In this review, we present the recent research outlining S. aureus persistence properties inside the mammary gland, including its regulation mechanisms, and we highlight alternative therapeutic strategies that were tested against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis such as the use of probiotic bacteria, bacteriocins and bacteriophages. Overall, the persistence of S. aureus inside the mammary gland remains a pressing veterinary problem. A thorough understanding of staphylococcal persistence mechanisms will elucidate novel ways that can help in the identification of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaatout
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - A Ayachi
- Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - M Kecha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Feedlot Cattle Against Mastitis Using a Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro Assay. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050410. [PMID: 32466097 PMCID: PMC7281661 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, affects the quality and quantity of milk yield. Mastitis control relies on single or multiple combinations of antibiotic therapy. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogens, the intramammary infusion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been considered as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating and preventing bovine mastitis through the improvement of the host immunity. Probiotic effects are a strain-dependent characteristic; therefore, candidate LAB strains have to be evaluated efficiently to find out the ones with the best potential. Here, we investigated LAB strains originally isolated from feedlot cattle’s environment regarding their ability in inducing the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cells in vitro. The BME cells were pre-stimulated with the LAB strains individually for 12, 24, and 48 h and then challenged with Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h. The mRNA expression of selected immune genes—interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and CXCL3 were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results indicated that pretreatment with some Lactobacillus strains were able to differentially regulate the LPS inflammatory response in BME cells; however, strain-dependent differences were found. The most remarkable effects were found for Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL2074, which reduced the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-8, and CXCL3, whereas Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL2084 diminished IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-8 expression. The pre-stimulation of BME cells with the CRL2074 strain resulted in the upregulated expression of three negative regulators of the TLRs, including the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 (also called tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3, TNFAIP3), single immunoglobin IL-1 single receptor (SIGIRR), and Toll interacting protein (Tollip) after the LPS challenge. The CRL2084 pre-stimulation upregulated only Tollip expression. Our results demonstrated that the L. acidophilus CRL2074 strain possess remarkable immunomodulatory abilities against LPS-induced inflammation in BME cells. This Lactobacillus strain could be used as candidate for in vivo testing due to its beneficial effects in bovine mastitis through intramammary infusion. Our findings also suggest that the BME cells immunoassay system could be of value for the in vitro evaluation of the immunomodulatory abilities of LAB against the inflammation resulting from the intramammary infection with mastitis-related pathogens.
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Oikonomou G, Addis MF, Chassard C, Nader-Macias MEF, Grant I, Delbès C, Bogni CI, Le Loir Y, Even S. Milk Microbiota: What Are We Exactly Talking About? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:60. [PMID: 32117107 PMCID: PMC7034295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of powerful sequencing techniques has allowed, albeit with some biases, the identification and inventory of complex microbial communities that inhabit different body sites or body fluids, some of which were previously considered sterile. Notably, milk is now considered to host a complex microbial community with great diversity. Milk microbiota is now well documented in various hosts. Based on the growing literature on this microbial community, we address here the question of what milk microbiota is. We summarize and compare the microbial composition of milk in humans and in ruminants and address the existence of a putative core milk microbiota. We discuss the factors that contribute to shape the milk microbiota or affect its composition, including host and environmental factors as well as methodological factors, such as the sampling and sequencing techniques, which likely introduce distortion in milk microbiota analysis. The roles that milk microbiota are likely to play in the mother and offspring physiology and health are presented together with recent data on the hypothesis of an enteromammary pathway. At last, this fascinating field raises a series of questions, which are listed and commented here and which open new research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Oikonomou
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - I Grant
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Delbès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMRF, Aurillac, France
| | - Cristina Inés Bogni
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Yves Le Loir
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Sergine Even
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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25
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Gao J, Liu YC, Wang Y, Li H, Wang XM, Wu Y, Zhang DR, Gao S, Qi ZL. Impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows. AMB Express 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 31997024 PMCID: PMC6987887 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-0953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows. Thirty lactating Holstein cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly assigned to five treatments, including: (1) Health cows with milk SCC < 500,000 cells/mL, no clinical signs of mastitis were found, fed basal total mixed ration (TMR) without supplementation (H); (2) Mastitis cows with milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL, fed basal TMR without supplementation (M); (3) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day-1 yeast (M + Y); (4) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day-1 LAB (M + L); (5) Mastitis cows (milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL) fed basal TMR supplemented with 4 g day-1 yeast and 4 g day-1 LAB (M + Y + L). Blood and milk sample were collected at day 0, day 20 and day 40. The results showed efficacy of probiotic: On day 20 and day 40, milk SCC in H, M + Y, M + L, M + Y + L was significantly lower than that of M (P < 0.05). Milk concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in M + Y + L were significantly reduced compared with that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). Milk Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activity of M + Y, M + L, M + L + Y were lower than that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). At genus level, Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium and Lactococcus were dominant. Supplementation of LAB decreased abundance of Enterococcus and Streptococcus, identified as mastitis-causing pathogen. The results suggested the potential of LAB to prevent mastitis by relieving mammary gland inflammation and regulating milk microorganisms.
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Non-antibiotic microbial solutions for bovine mastitis – live biotherapeutics, bacteriophage, and phage lysins. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1648381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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27
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Rainard P, Foucras G. A Critical Appraisal of Probiotics for Mastitis Control. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:251. [PMID: 30364110 PMCID: PMC6191464 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The urge to reduce antimicrobials use in dairy farming has prompted a search for alternative solutions. As infections of the mammary gland is a major reason for antibiotic administration to dairy ruminants, mammary probiotics have recently been presented as a possible alternative for the treatment of mastitis. To assess the validity of this proposal, we performed a general appraisal of the knowledge related to probiotics for mammary health by examining their potential modes of action and assessing the compatibility of these mechanisms with the immunobiology of mammary gland infections. Then we analyzed the literature published on the subject, taking into account the preliminary in vitro experiments and the in vivo trials. Preliminary experiments aimed essentially at exploring in vitro the capacity of putative probiotics, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LABs), to interfere with mastitis-associated bacteria or to interact with mammary epithelial cells. A few studies used LABs selected on the basis of bacteriocin production or the capacity to adhere to epithelial cells to perform in vivo experiments. Intramammary infusion of LABs showed that LABs are pro-inflammatory for the mammary gland, inducing an intense influx of neutrophils into milk during lactation and at drying-off. Yet, their capacity to cure mastitis remains to be established. A few preliminary studies tackle the possibility of using probiotics to interfere with the teat apex microbiota or to prevent the colonization of the teat canal by pathogenic bacteria. From the analysis of the published literature, it appears that currently there is no sound scientific foundation for the use of probiotics to prevent or treat mastitis. We conclude that the prospects for oral probiotics are not promising for ruminants, those for intramammary probiotics should be considered with caution, but that teat apex probiotics deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR1225, Toulouse, France
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28
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Souza RFS, Rault L, Seyffert N, Azevedo V, Le Loir Y, Even S. Lactobacillus casei BL23 modulates the innate immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:985-995. [PMID: 30041534 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been adopted to treat and prevent various diseases in humans and animals. They were notably shown to be a promising alternative to prevent mastitis in dairy cattle. This inflammation of the mammary gland is generally of infectious origin and generates extensive economic losses worldwide. In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus casei BL23 was able to inhibit the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the major pathogens involved in mastitis, into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). In this study, we further explored the capacity of this strain to modulate the innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells during S. aureus infection. L. casei BL23 was able to decrease the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 6, 8, 1α and 1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in S. aureus-stimulated bMEC, 8 h post-infection. On the other hand, L. casei did not impair the induction of defensins, such as lingual antimicrobial peptide and defensin β1 in the presence of S. aureus, and even slightly increased the induction of tracheal antimicrobial peptide during S. aureus infection. Finally, this strain did not alter the expression of the pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NOD2). This study demonstrates that L. casei BL23 displayed anti-inflammatory properties on S. aureus-stimulated bMEC. These results open the way to further characterisation of the BL23 probiotic potential in a bovine mammary gland context and to a better understanding of how all these beneficial properties combine in vivo to combat mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F S Souza
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil.,4 Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N Centro, Petrolina, 56304-917 PE, Brazil
| | - L Rault
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - N Seyffert
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - V Azevedo
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Y Le Loir
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - S Even
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
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