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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Magnesium and the Hallmarks of Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:496. [PMID: 38398820 PMCID: PMC10892939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential ion in the human body that regulates numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is very common in old age. Age-related chronic diseases and the aging process itself are frequently associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, called 'inflammaging'. Because chronic magnesium insufficiency has been linked to excessive generation of inflammatory markers and free radicals, inducing a chronic inflammatory state, we formerly hypothesized that magnesium inadequacy may be considered among the intermediaries helping us explain the link between inflammaging and aging-associated diseases. We show in this review evidence of the relationship of magnesium with all the hallmarks of aging (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, disabled autophagy, dysbiosis, and chronic inflammation), which may positively affect the human healthspan. It is feasible to hypothesize that maintaining an optimal balance of magnesium during one's life course may turn out to be a safe and economical strategy contributing to the promotion of healthy aging. Future well-designed studies are necessary to further explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- School of Medicine, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Ferenc K, Sokal-Dembowska A, Helma K, Motyka E, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Filip R. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Nutrition and Its Relationship to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1228. [PMID: 38279228 PMCID: PMC10816208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestines, potentially influencing both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. Existing evidence suggests that nutrients can influence the modulation of the gut microbiota. However, there is still limited evidence regarding the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on the human gut microbiota through epigenetic modification. It is plausible that maintaining an adequate dietary intake of vitamin D, iron, fibre, zinc and magnesium may have a beneficial effect on alleviating inflammation in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the condition of the intestinal microbiota through various epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, epigenetics involves alterations in the phenotype of a cell without changing its fundamental DNA sequence. It appears that the modulation of the microbiota by various nutrients may lead to epigenetic regulation. The correlations between microbiota and epigenetics are potentially interdependent. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to identify the complex relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic regulation. These interactions could play a crucial role in systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kacper Helma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Motyka
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Li W, Lv BM, Quan Y, Zhu Q, Zhang HY. Associations between Serum Mineral Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Risk of Neurological, Psychiatric, and Metabolic Diseases: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38257137 PMCID: PMC10818407 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent observational studies have reported associations between serum mineral nutrient levels, gut microbiota composition, and neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases. However, the causal effects of mineral nutrients on gut microbiota and their causal associations with diseases remain unclear and require further investigation. This study aimed to identify the associations between serum mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, and risk of neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). We conducted an MR study using the large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 5 serum mineral nutrients, 196 gut microbes at the phylum, order, family, and genus levels, and a variety of common neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases. Initially, the independent causal associations of mineral nutrients and gut microbiota with diseases were examined by MR. Subsequently, the causal effect of mineral nutrients on gut microbiota was estimated to investigate whether specific gut microbes mediated the association between mineral nutrients and diseases. Finally, we performed sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the study results. After correcting for multiple testing, we identified a total of 33 causal relationships among mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, and diseases. Specifically, we found 4 causal relationships between 3 mineral nutrition traits and 3 disease traits, 15 causal associations between 14 gut microbiota traits and 6 disease traits, and 14 causal associations involving 4 mineral nutrition traits and 15 gut microbiota traits. Meanwhile, 118 suggestive associations were identified. The current study reveals multiple causal associations between serum mineral nutrients, gut microbiota, risk of neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases, and potentially provides valuable insights for subsequent nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Bo-Min Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (B.-M.L.); (Y.Q.); (H.-Y.Z.)
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Stefanache A, Lungu II, Butnariu IA, Calin G, Gutu C, Marcu C, Grierosu C, Bogdan Goroftei ER, Duceac LD, Dabija MG, Popa F, Damir D. Understanding How Minerals Contribute to Optimal Immune Function. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3355733. [PMID: 37946846 PMCID: PMC10632063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3355733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient mineral supply is vital not only for the innate immune system but also for the components of the adaptive immune defense, which encompass defense mechanisms against pathogens and the delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation in the long term. Generally, a well-balanced diet is capable of providing the necessary minerals to support the immune system. Nevertheless, specific vulnerable populations should be cautious about obtaining adequate amounts of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. Inadequate levels of these minerals can temporarily impair immune competence and disrupt the long-term regulation of systemic inflammation. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms and sources of these minerals is crucial. In exceptional circumstances, mineral deficiencies may necessitate supplementation; however, excessive intake of supplements can have adverse effects on the immune system and should be avoided. Consequently, any supplementation should be approved by medical professionals and administered in recommended doses. This review emphasizes the crucial significance of minerals in promoting optimal functioning of the immune system. It investigates the indispensable minerals required for immune system function and the regulation of inflammation. Moreover, it delves into the significance of maintaining an optimized intake of minerals from a nutritional standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Stefanache
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ionut-Iulian Lungu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | - Cristian Gutu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Constantin Marcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Carmen Grierosu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | | | - Letitia-Doina Duceac
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | | | - Florina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Daniela Damir
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
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Segev A, Shechter M, Tsur AM, Belkin D, Cohen H, Sharon A, Morag NK, Grossman E, Maor E. Serum Magnesium Is Associated with Long-Term Survival of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:4299. [PMID: 37836583 PMCID: PMC10574643 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a single tertiary center with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were excluded. Clinical data were collected and compared between lower sMg quartile patients (Q1; sMg < 1.9 mg/dL) and all other patients (Q2-Q4; sMg ≥ 1.9 mg/dL). RESULTS The study cohort included 4552 patients (70% male, median age 69 [IQR 59-79]) who were followed for a median of 4.4 (IQR 2.4-6.6) years. The median sMg level in the low sMg group was 1.7 (1.6-1.8) and 2.0 (2.0-2.2) mg/dL in the normal/high sMg group. The low sMg group was older (mean of 72 vs. 67 years), less likely to be male (64% vs. 72%), and had higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (59% vs. 29%, 92% vs. 85%, and 6% vs. 5%; p < 0.05 for all). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher cumulative death probability at 4 years in the low sMg group (34% vs. 22%; p log rank <0.001). In a multivariable analysis model adjusted for sex, significant comorbidities, coronary interventions during the hospitalization, and renal function, the low sMg group exhibited an independent 24% increased risk of death during follow up (95% CI 1.11-1.39; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low sMg is independently associated with higher risk of long-term mortality among patients recovering from an NSTEMI event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Segev
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Michael Shechter
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Avishai M. Tsur
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - David Belkin
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - Amir Sharon
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Nira Koren Morag
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Ehud Grossman
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - Elad Maor
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
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Wu J, Xia C, Liu C, Zhang Q, Xia C. The role of gut microbiota and drug interactions in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265136. [PMID: 37680706 PMCID: PMC10481531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem regulating the host's environmental interaction. The same functional food or drug may have varying bioavailability and distinct effects on different individuals. Drugs such as antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora, thus affecting health. However, the relationship between intestinal flora and non-antibiotic drugs is bidirectional: it is not only affected by drugs; nevertheless, it can alter the drug structure through enzymes and change the bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity of drugs to improve their efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, virus-associated therapies, metabolites, and dietary in modulating the colorectal cancer gut microbiota. It provides a reference for future antitumor therapy targeting intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng Z, Luo H, Xu W, Shi L, Wang F, Qiu Y, Wang L, Xu Y, Sun C, Xue Q. Association between Elevated Magnesium Intake and Reduced Risk of Recurrent Falls and Frailty in Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:775-784. [PMID: 37754218 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this 8-year follow-up study was to investigate the relationship between magnesium intake and frailty, as well as recurrent falls, in individuals diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (OA) or those at a heightened risk for developing the condition. METHODS This study utilized data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database and conducted a prospective cohort study with a 8-year follow-up period. Total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while frailty and recurrent falls were evaluated through established criteria and self-report, respectively. To account for potential confounding factors, various covariates were considered, and statistical analyses, including generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), were employed to examine the associations. RESULTS Among the 4,667 participants with OA, those with lower total magnesium intake were characterized by younger age, a higher proportion of African American individuals, higher body mass index (BMI), and lower dietary fiber intake (P<0.001). Notably, this group exhibited higher odds of experiencing recurrent falls and frailty (P = 0.034 and 0.006, respectively). Controlling for various factors, the GAMMs consistently revealed negative correlations between magnesium intake and the likelihood of frailty and recurrent falls, with each 1 mg/1000 kcal increase in magnesium intake associated with a 0.5% reduced frailty risk (p < 0.001) and a 0.2% decreased risk of recurrent falls (p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested that increased total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements may exert a more pronounced preventive effect on recurrent falls and frailty in men, older adults, individuals with normal BMI, and those with higher dietary fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS Elevated total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements was found to be associated with a decreased risk of recurrent falls and frailty in individuals diagnosed with OA or those at risk of developing the condition. These findings imply that increased total magnesium intake might be beneficial in managing the risk of these outcomes, particularly within specific subgroups, including men, older adults, those with a normal BMI, and those with higher dietary fiber intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zheng
- Qingyun Xue, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing 100730, China, E-mail:
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García-Rodríguez A, Stillwell A, Tochilovsky B, Tanzman JV, Limage R, Kolba N, Tako E, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. The mechanistic effects of human digestion on magnesium oxide nanoparticles: implications for probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum VPI 1124. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2022; 9:4540-4557. [PMID: 36874593 PMCID: PMC9983821 DOI: 10.1039/d2en00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the human gut microbiota are of high interest due to the link between the gut homeostasis and overall human health. The human intake of metal oxide NPs has increased due to its use in the food industry as food additives. Specifically, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have been described as antimicrobial and antibiofilm. Therefore, in this work we investigated the effects of the food additive MgO-NPs, on the probiotic and commensal Gram-positive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum VPI 1124. The physicochemical characterization showed that food additive MgO is formed by nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) and after a simulated digestion, MgO-NPs partially dissociate into Mg2+. Moreover, nanoparticulate structures containing magnesium were found embedded in organic material. Exposures to MgO-NPs for 4 and 24 hours increased the bacterial viability of both L. rhamnosus and B. bifidum when in biofilms but not when as planktonic cells. High doses of MgO-NPs significantly stimulated the biofilm development of L. rhamnosus, but not B. bifidum. It is likely that the effects are primarily due to the presence of ionic Mg2+. Evidence from the NPs characterization indicate that interactions bacteria/NPs are unfavorable as both structures are negatively charged, which would create repulsive forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
| | - Allayah Stillwell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Blake Tochilovsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jacob V Tanzman
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
| | - Rhodesherdeline Limage
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Cornell University, Food Science Department, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Cornell University, Food Science Department, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang X. Combined Physical Exercise and Diet: Regulation of Gut Microbiota to Prevent and Treat of Metabolic Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224774. [PMID: 36432462 PMCID: PMC9699229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle have contributed to the rising incidence of metabolic diseases, which is also accompanied by the shifts of gut microbiota architecture. The gut microbiota is a complicated and volatile ecosystem and can be regulated by diet and physical exercise. Extensive research suggests that diet alongside physical exercise interventions exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota, involving in the changes of the energy metabolism, immune regulation, and the microbial-derived metabolites. OBJECTIVE In this review, we present the latest evidence in the modulating role of diet and physical exercise in the gut microbiota and its relevance to metabolic diseases. We also summarize the research from animal and human studies on improving metabolic diseases through diet-plus-exercise interventions, and new targeted therapies that might provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Web of Science in October 2022. The key terms used in the searches included "combined physical exercise and diet", "physical exercise, diet and gut microbiota", "physical exercise, diet and metabolic diseases" and "physical exercise, diet, gut microbiota and metabolic diseases". CONCLUSIONS Combined physical exercise and diet offer a more efficient approach for preventing metabolic diseases via the modification of gut microbiota, abating the burden related to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating European Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224719. [PMID: 36432405 PMCID: PMC9696022 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory state of the lactating mammary gland, which is asymptomatic and may have negative consequences for child growth. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and SCM and (2) assess the differences in nutrient intakes between women without SCM and those with SCM. One hundred and seventy-seven women with available data on human milk (HM) sodium potassium ratio (Na:K) and dietary intake data were included for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between nutrient intake and the DII score in relation to SCM. Women without SCM had a lower median DII score (0.60) than women with moderate (1.12) or severe (1.74) SCM (p < 0.01). A one-unit increase in DII was associated with about 41% increased odds of having SCM, adjusting for country and mode of delivery, p = 0.001. Women with SCM had lower mean intakes of several anti-inflammatory nutrients. We show for the first time exploratory evidence that SCM may be associated with a pro-inflammatory diet and women with SCM have lower intakes of several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients.
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Mahboobi S, Ghasvarian M, Ghaem H, Alipour H, Alipour S, Eftekhari MH. Effects of probiotic and magnesium co-supplementation on mood, cognition, intestinal barrier function and inflammation in individuals with obesity and depressed mood: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018357. [PMID: 36245482 PMCID: PMC9555745 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The co-occurrence of obesity and mood impairments named as “metabolic mood syndrome” (MMS) is often neglected in the obesity management. This study aimed to evaluate effects of Probio-Tec ®BG-VCap-6.5 and magnesium co-supplementation on mood, cognition, intestinal barrier function and serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels in participants with obesity and depressed mood. Design Seventy-four eligible participants were randomly allocated to either Probio-Tec®BG-VCap-6.5 [containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG®) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12®)] + Magnesium chloride or placebo for 9 weeks. Sociodemographic data were collected in the beginning. Anthropometric, dietary and physical activity (PA) assessments were carried out. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were assessed through validated questionnaires. Fasting plasma zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (CRP) were measured by ELIZA kits. Results Of seventy-four participants (mean age 37.51 ± 8.10), 52 completed the study. Changes in serum LPS and zonulin were not different significantly between groups (−3.04 ± 44.75 ng/dl, 0.11 ± 5.13, ng/dl, p > 0.05 for LPS and 1.40 ± 48.78 ng/dl, −0.17 ± 6.60, p > 0.05 for zonulin, respectively). CRP levels reduced significantly in intervention group compared to placebo [−474.75 (−1,300.00, −125.00) mg/l vs. 175.20 (−957.75, 1,683.25) mg/l, p = 0.016]. Changes in BDI-II and MoCA scores were not significantly different between intervention (−7.13 ± 5.67, 1.20 ± 2.16, respectively) and placebo (−5.42 ± 6.71, 1.94 ± 1.86, respectively) groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Nine weeks of probiotic and magnesium co-supplementation resulted in decreased CRP levels as an indicator of inflammatory state with no significant effects on mood, cognition and intestinal integrity in individuals with obesity and depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mahboobi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghasvarian
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Department of Epidemiology, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Alipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
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12
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Yao N, Yang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Guo R, Wang X, Li J, Xie Z, Li B, Cui W. Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Fatty Liver Disease Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction (MAFLD): Based on the Intestinal-Hepatic Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906511. [PMID: 35782947 PMCID: PMC9247350 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently become the most common liver disease with a global prevalence of over 25% and is expected to increase. Recently, experts have reached a consensus that “fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction or MAFLD” may be a more appropriate and inclusive definition than NAFLD. Like the former name NAFLD, MAFLD, as a manifestation of multiple system metabolic disorders involving the liver, has certain heterogeneity in its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathological changes and natural outcomes. We found that there is a delicate dynamic balance among intestinal microflora, metabolites and host immune system to maintain a healthy intestinal environment and host health. On the contrary, this imbalance is related to diseases such as MAFLD. However, there are no clear studies on how dietary nutrients affect the intestinal environment and participate in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. This review summarizes the interactions among dietary nutrients, intestinal microbiota and MAFLD in an attempt to provide evidence for the use of dietary supplements to regulate liver function in patients with MAFLD. These dietary nutrients influence the development and progression of MAFLD mainly through the hepatic-intestinal axis by altering dietary energy absorption, regulating bile acid metabolism, changing intestinal permeability and producing ethanol. Meanwhile, the nutrients have the ability to combat MAFLD in terms of enriching abundance of intestinal microbiota, reducing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and promoting abundance of beneficial gut microbes. Therefore, family therapy with MAFLD using a reasonable diet could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zechun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Weiwei Cui
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13
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Schiopu C, Ștefănescu G, Diaconescu S, Bălan GG, Gimiga N, Rusu E, Moldovan CA, Popa B, Tataranu E, Olteanu AV, Boloș A, Ștefănescu C. Magnesium Orotate and the Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis Modulation: New Approaches in Psychological Comorbidities of Gastrointestinal Functional Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081567. [PMID: 35458129 PMCID: PMC9029938 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium orotate has been cited in the medical literature for the past three years as a possible adjuvant in some pediatric and adult gastroenterological disorders associated with dysbiosis. Studies also focus on the possibility of adding magnesium orotate in psychiatric disorders’ treatment, such as major depression and anxiety. The most relevant element in these studies is the efficiency of magnesium orotate therapy in cases with both gastroenterological and psychiatric symptoms. This article proposes a literature review, focused on the studies published in the last three years, targeting magnesium orotate treatment and probiotic supplementation in patients with both digestive and psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, this review will compare the efficiency of magnesium orotate and probiotics within both the pediatric and adult communities, focusing on the possibility of gut–brain axis modulation and its involvement in the clinical evolution of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Schiopu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.Ș.)
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Department of Gastroentereology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.G.B.); (A.V.O.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.Ș.); (S.D.)
| | - Smaranda Diaconescu
- Medical-Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University “Titu Maiorescu”, 040441 București, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.Ș.); (S.D.)
| | - Gheoghe G. Bălan
- Department of Gastroentereology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.G.B.); (A.V.O.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Gimiga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of General Surgery, “Dimitrie Castroian” Hospital, 735100 Huși, Romania;
| | - Elena Rusu
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University “Titu Maiorescu”, 040441 București, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Alec Moldovan
- Medical-Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University “Titu Maiorescu”, 040441 București, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Popa
- Department of General Surgery, “Dimitrie Castroian” Hospital, 735100 Huși, Romania;
| | - Elena Tataranu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sf. Ioan cel Nou” Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Andrei Vasile Olteanu
- Department of Gastroentereology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.G.B.); (A.V.O.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Boloș
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.Ș.)
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristinel Ștefănescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.Ș.)
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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14
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Arancibia-Hernández YL, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect of Mg 2+ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2348. [PMID: 35357063 PMCID: PMC9111052 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterised by high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress induces oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing tissue damage. Both inflammation and OS contribute to multi-organ failure in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg2+ ) regulates many processes, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as the proper functioning of other micronutrients such as vitamin D. In addition, Mg2+ participates as a second signalling messenger in the activation of T cells. Therefore, Mg2+ deficiency can cause immunodeficiency, exaggerated acute inflammatory response, decreased antioxidant response, and OS. Supplementation with Mg2+ has an anti-inflammatory response by reducing the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL) -6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, Mg2+ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and increases the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, reducing OS. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation is a potential way to reduce inflammation and OS, strengthening the immune system to manage COVID-19. This narrative review will address Mg2+ deficiency associated with a worse disease prognosis, Mg2+ supplementation as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy during and after COVID-19 disease, and suggest that randomised controlled trials are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1032-1059. [PMID: 33904124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mental disorders is associated with several risk factors including genetic and environmental susceptibility. A group of nutrients serves an especially important role in a number of essential neurodevelopmental processes through brain areas promoting the high degree of brain metabolism during early life, although almost all nutrients are needed. These include macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium). Numerous nutritional psychiatry trials have been performed to examine the correlation of many individual nutrients with mental health, such as essential trace elements. The increased accumulation or lack of such components will facilitate an alternative metabolic pathway that can lead to many diseases and conditions of neurodevelopment. Mental functions have biochemical bases, so the impairment of such neurochemical mechanisms due to lack of trace elements can have mental effects. In psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism, scientific studies demonstrate the putative role of trace element deficiency. Therefore, given the critical roles played by essential trace elements in the neurodevelopment and mental health, the effect of these elements' intake on the modulation of psychological functioning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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16
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Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, Castell L. The Role of Minerals in the Optimal Functioning of the Immune System. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030644. [PMID: 35277003 PMCID: PMC8840645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals fulfil a wide variety of functions in the optimal functioning of the immune system. This review reports on the minerals that are essential for the immune system’s function and inflammation regulation. We also discuss nutritional aspects of optimized mineral supply. The supply of minerals is important for the optimal function of the innate immune system as well as for components of adaptive immune defense; this involves defense mechanisms against pathogens in addition to the long-term balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation. Generally, a balanced diet is sufficient to supply the required balance of minerals to help support the immune system. Although a mineral deficiency is rare, there are nevertheless at-risk groups who should pay attention to ensure they are receiving a sufficient supply of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. A deficiency in any of these minerals could temporarily reduce immune competence, or even disrupt systemic inflammation regulation in the long term. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms and supply of these minerals is important. In exceptional cases, a deficiency should be compensated by supplementation; however, supplement over-consumption may be negative to the immune system, and should be avoided. Accordingly, any supplementation should be medically clarified and should only be administered in prescribed concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK;
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17
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Del Chierico F, Trapani V, Petito V, Reddel S, Pietropaolo G, Graziani C, Masi L, Gasbarrini A, Putignani L, Scaldaferri F, Wolf FI. Dietary Magnesium Alleviates Experimental Murine Colitis through Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124188. [PMID: 34959740 PMCID: PMC8707433 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional deficiencies are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In patients, magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with disease severity, while in murine models, dietary Mg supplementation contributes to restoring mucosal function. Since Mg availability modulates key bacterial functions, including growth and virulence, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of Mg supplementation during colitis might be mediated by gut microbiota. The effects of dietary Mg modulation were assessed in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by monitoring magnesemia, weight, and fecal consistency. Gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S-rRNA based profiling on fecal samples. Mg supplementation improved microbiota richness in colitic mice, increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and reduced Enterobacteriaceae. KEEG pathway analysis predicted an increase in biosynthetic metabolism, DNA repair and translation pathways during Mg supplementation and in the presence of colitis, while low Mg conditions favored catabolic processes. Thus, dietary Mg supplementation increases bacteria involved in intestinal health and metabolic homeostasis, and reduces bacteria involved in inflammation and associated with human diseases, such as IBD. These findings suggest that Mg supplementation may be a safe and cost-effective strategy to ameliorate disease symptoms and restore a beneficial intestinal flora in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Chierico
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00147 Rome, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Valentina Trapani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00147 Rome, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Cristina Graziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Letizia Masi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
- CEMAD—IBD UNIT—Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
- CEMAD—IBD UNIT—Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.I.W.)
| | - Federica I. Wolf
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.T.); (V.P.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences-UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.I.W.)
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Fengler VH, Macheiner T, Goessler W, Ratzer M, Haybaeck J, Sargsyan K. Hepatic Response of Magnesium-Restricted Wild Type Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110762. [PMID: 34822420 PMCID: PMC8625093 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-deficiency is implicated in many metabolic disorders, e.g., type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, representing risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the contribution of magnesium-restriction to the development of NAFLD. Magnesium-deficiency was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a magnesium-deficient-diet. Metabolic markers as well as markers of inflammation and liver function were assessed. Furthermore, liver tissue was examined histopathologically and compared with specimens from high-fat-diet fed and control mice. Finally, the hepatic inflammatory response was quantified by determining hepatic IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1. Magnesium-restriction resulted in at least a 2-fold significant reduction of serum magnesium levels compared to the high-fat-diet fed and control mice, whereas the hepatic magnesium content was decreased due to high-fat-diet feeding. No changes in metabolic markers in magnesium-restricted mice were observed, while the cholesterol content was elevated in high-fat-diet fed mice. Magnesium-restricted mice additionally featured inflammation and enlarged hepatocytes in liver histology. Furthermore, magnesium-restricted and high-fat-diet fed mice exhibited elevated hepatic TNFα levels compared to control mice. Accordingly, our data suggest that magnesium is involved in hepatic inflammatory processes and hepatocyte enlargement, key histological features of human NAFLD, and may therefore contribute to development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H. Fengler
- Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Macheiner
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Ratzer
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-72718
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Daliry A, Pereira ENGDS. Role of Maternal Microbiota and Nutrition in Early-Life Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103533. [PMID: 34684534 PMCID: PMC8540774 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in the prevalence of obesity and other related metabolic diseases has been paralleled by an increase in the frequency of neurodevelopmental problems, which has raised the likelihood of a link between these two phenomena. In this scenario, maternal microbiota is a possible linking mechanistic pathway. According to the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” paradigm, environmental exposures (in utero and early life) can permanently alter the body’s structure, physiology, and metabolism, increasing illness risk and/or speeding up disease progression in offspring, adults, and even generations. Nutritional exposure during early developmental stages may induce susceptibility to the later development of human diseases via interactions in the microbiome, including alterations in brain function and behavior of offspring, as explained by the gut–brain axis theory. This review provides an overview of the implications of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopmental disorders and the establishment and maturation of gut microbiota in the offspring.
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20
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Abiri B, Sarbakhsh P, Vafa M. Randomized study of the effects of vitamin D and/or magnesium supplementation on mood, serum levels of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1 in obese women with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2123-2135. [PMID: 34210242 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1945859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and/or magnesium supplementation on mood, serum levels of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1 in obese women with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. METHODS In this trial, the 108 obese women with mild to moderate depressive symptoms were randomly allocated into 4 groups: (1) co- supplementation group (n = 27): receiving a 50000 IU vitamin D soft gel weekly + a 250- mg magnesium tablet daily; (2) vitamin D group (n = 27): receiving a 50000 IU vitamin D soft gel weekly + a magnesium placebo daily; (3) magnesium group (n = 27): receiving a vitamin D placebo weekly + a 250- mg magnesium tablet daily; (4) control group (n = 27): receiving a vitamin D placebo weekly + a magnesium placebo daily, for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric indices, depressive symptoms, serum levels of BDNF, 25(OH)-D, inflammation, and SIRT1, were measured. RESULTS At the end of the study, ANCOVA demonstrated significant differences between the 4 groups in 25(OH)-D, magnesium, TNF-α, IL-6, and BDNF levels. But, we found no significant differences in terms of hs-CRP and SIRT1 levels. A significant reduction in depression score was observed in 3 intervention groups and also in control group. No significant differences in BDI-II score were shown among the 4 groups at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSION Vitamin D plus magnesium supplementation in obese women with mild to moderate depressive symptoms has beneficial influences on mood, serum levels of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen J, Vitetta L. Modulation of Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2903. [PMID: 34209870 PMCID: PMC8268324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is well known to exert multiple benefits on human health including protection from disease causing pathobiont microbes. It has been recognized that healthy intestinal microbiota is of great importance in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis caused by various reasons is associated with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota and supplementation of commensal bacterial metabolites could reduce the severity of COVID-19. Many approaches have been studied to improve gut microbiota in COVID-19 including probiotics, bacterial metabolites, and prebiotics, as well as nutraceuticals and trace elements. So far, 19 clinical trials for testing the efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in COVID-19 prevention and treatment are ongoing. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of various approaches on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and discuss associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Medlab Clinical, Research Department, Sydney 2015, Australia;
| | - Luis Vitetta
- Medlab Clinical, Research Department, Sydney 2015, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Kuang X, Chiou J, Lo K, Wen C. Magnesium in joint health and osteoarthritis. Nutr Res 2021; 90:24-35. [PMID: 34023805 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent debilitating age-related skeletal disease. The hallmark of OA is the degradation of articular cartilage that cushions the joint during movement. It is characterized by chronic pain and disability. Magnesium, a critical trace element in the human body, plays a pivotal role in metabolism homeostasis and the energy balance. Humans obtain magnesium mainly from the diet. However, inadequate magnesium intake is not uncommon. Moreover, the magnesium status deteriorates with ageing. There has been a growing body of clinical studies pointing to an intimate relationship between dietary magnesium and OA although the conclusion remains controversial. As reported, the magnesium ion concentration is essential to determine cell fate. Firstly, the low-concentration magnesium ions induced human fibroblasts senescence. Magnesium supplementation was also able to mitigate chondrocyte apoptosis, and to facilitate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this literature review, we will outline the existing evidence in animals and humans. We will also discuss the controversies on plasma or intracellular level of magnesium as the indicator of magnesium status. In addition, we put forward the interplay between dietary magnesium intake and intestinal microbiome to modulate the inflammatory milieu in the conjecture of OA pathogenesis. This leads to an emerging hypothesis that the synergistic effect of magnesium and probiotics may open a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Kuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiachi Chiou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Lopez Leyva L, Gonzalez E, Li C, Ajeeb T, Solomons NW, Agellon LB, Scott ME, Koski KG. Human Milk Microbiota in an Indigenous Population Is Associated with Maternal Factors, Stage of Lactation, and Breastfeeding Practices. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab013. [PMID: 33898919 PMCID: PMC8053399 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria that are modified by maternal factors, but whether these or other factors are similar in developing countries has not been explored. Our objective was to determine whether the milk microbiota was modified by maternal age, BMI, parity, lactation stage, subclinical mastitis (SCM), and breastfeeding practices in the first 6 mo of lactation in an indigenous population from Guatemala. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, Mam-Mayan indigenous mothers nursing infants aged <6 mo were recruited. Unilateral human milk samples were collected (n = 86) and processed for 16S rRNA sequencing at the genus level. Microbial diversity and relative abundance were compared with maternal factors [age, BMI, parity, stage of lactation, SCM, and 3 breastfeeding practices (exclusive, predominant, mixed)] obtained through questionnaires. RESULTS Streptococcus was the most abundant genus (33.8%), followed by Pseudomonas (18.7%) and Sphingobium (10.7%) but relative abundance was associated with maternal factors. First, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were more abundant in early lactation whereas the common oral (Leptotrichia) and environmental (Comamonas) bacteria were more abundant in established lactation. Second, Streptococcus,Lactobacillus,Lactococcus,Leuconostoc, and Micrococcus had a higher abundance in multiparous mothers compared with primiparous mothers. Third, a more diverse microbiota characterized by a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc, and Lactococcus), Leucobacter, and Micrococcus was found in mothers with a healthy BMI. Finally, distinct microbial communities differed by stage of lactation and by exclusive, predominant, or mixed breastfeeding practices. CONCLUSION Milk bacterial communities in an indigenous community were associated with maternal factors. Higher microbial diversity was supported by having a healthy BMI, the absence of SCM, and by breastfeeding. Interestingly, breastfeeding practices when assessed by lactation stage were associated with distinct microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Lopez Leyva
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics (C3G), Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Microbiome Research Platform, McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4), Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chen Li
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Tamara Ajeeb
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Noel W Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020320. [PMID: 33499378 PMCID: PMC7912442 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is probably the most underestimated electrolyte imbalance in Western countries. It is frequent in obese patients, subjects with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both in adulthood and in childhood. This narrative review aims to offer insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Mg2+ deficiency with obesity and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Literature highlights critical issues about the treatment of Mg2+ deficiency, such as the lack of a clear definition of Mg2+ nutritional status, the use of different Mg2+ salts and dosage and the different duration of the Mg2+ supplementation. Despite the lack of agreement, an appropriate dietary pattern, including the right intake of Mg2+, improves metabolic syndrome by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This occurs through the modulation of gene expression and proteomic profile as well as through a positive influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of vitamins B1 and D.
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Zawada A, Rychter AM, Ratajczak AE, Lisiecka-Masian A, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Does Gut-Microbiome Interaction Protect against Obesity and Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders? Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010018. [PMID: 33374597 PMCID: PMC7822472 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More research has recently focused on the role of the gut microbiota in the development or course of numerous diseases, including non-communicable diseases. As obesity remains prevalent, the question arises as to what microbial changes are associated with increased obesity prevalence and what kind of prevention and treatment approaches it could provide. Moreover, the influence of the gut-brain axis on obesity is also crucial, since it can affect metabolism and food intake. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota composition are called dysbiosis; however, in view of the current knowledge, it is difficult to conclude which microbial imbalances are adverse or beneficial. Increased numbers of pathological microorganisms were observed among patients with obesity and comorbidities associated with it, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Our review provides current knowledge regarding changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities. Nevertheless, given that dietary patterns and nutrients are two of the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, we also discuss the role of different dietary approaches, vitamins, and minerals in the shaping of the intestinal microbiota.
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Maier JA, Castiglioni S, Locatelli L, Zocchi M, Mazur A. Magnesium and inflammation: Advances and perspectives. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:37-44. [PMID: 33221129 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential element of life, involved in the regulation of metabolism and homeostasis of all the tissues. It also regulates immunological functions, acting on the cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. Magnesium deficiency primes phagocytes, enhances granulocyte oxidative burst, activates endothelial cells and increases the levels of cytokines, thus promoting inflammation. Consequently, a low magnesium status, which is often underdiagnosed, potentiates the reactivity to various immune challenges and is implicated in the pathophysiology of many common chronic diseases. Here we summarize recent advances supporting the link between magnesium deficiency, inflammatory responses and diseases, and offer new hints towards a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Maier
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Zocchi
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - André Mazur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Verduci E, Carbone MT, Borghi E, Ottaviano E, Burlina A, Biasucci G. Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3319. [PMID: 33138040 PMCID: PMC7692600 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as in the case of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among others. Although mechanisms are not fully clarified, nutrients interacting with the microbiota are thought to affect host metabolism, immune response or disrupt the protective functions of the intestinal barrier. Similarly, key intermediaries, whose presence may be strongly influenced by dietary habits, sustain the communication along the gut-brain-axis, influencing brain functions in the same way as the brain influences gut activity. Due to the role of diet in the modulation of the microbiota, its composition is of high interest in inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) and may reveal an appealing therapeutic target. In IEMs, for example in phenylketonuria (PKU), since part of the therapeutic intervention is based on chronic or life-long tailored dietetic regimens, important variations of the microbial diversity or relative abundance have been observed. A holistic approach, including a healthy composition of the microbiota, is recommended to modulate host metabolism and affected neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital-University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Maria Teresa Carbone
- UOS Metabolic and Rare Diseases, AORN Santobono, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Via Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Paediatrics & Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Via Taverna Giuseppe, 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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Bañuls-Mirete M, Ogdie A, Guma M. Micronutrients: Essential Treatment for Inflammatory Arthritis? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 33104882 PMCID: PMC8078476 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Synovial inflammation is characteristic of inflammatory chronic arthropathies and can cause progressive articular damage, chronic pain, and functional loss. Scientific research has increasingly focused on investigating anti-inflammatory micronutrients present in fruits, vegetables, spices, seeds, tea, and wine. This review aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols (phytonutrients present in plants) and other micronutrients described in randomized clinical trials conducted in patients with chronic inflammatory arthropathies. RECENT FINDINGS There is an increasing evidence that differences in micronutrient intake might play an essential role in pathogenesis, therapeutic response, and remission of synovitis. Randomized clinical trials with specific micronutrient- or nutrient-enriched food intake show improvement of symptoms and modulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. We found convincing evidence of the anti-inflammatory effect of several micronutrients in arthritis symptoms and inflammation. Although in clinical practice nutritional recommendations to patients with chronic joint inflammation are not consistently prescribed, the addition of these nutrients to day-to-day eating habits could potentially change the natural history of inflammatory arthritis. Future research is needed for a consensus on the specific nutritional recommendations for patients with chronic synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bañuls-Mirete
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0663, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
| | - Alexis Ogdie
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0663, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Time-restricted feeding is associated with changes in human gut microbiota related to nutrient intake. Nutrition 2020; 78:110797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092889. [PMID: 32971775 PMCID: PMC7551274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium is a mineral that modulates several physiological processes. However, its relationship with intestinal microbiota has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of dietary magnesium content to modulate the intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned one of three diets: a control diet (C-Mg; 1000 mg/kg), a low magnesium content diet (L-Mg; 60 mg/kg), and a high magnesium content diet (H-Mg; 6000 mg/kg), for two weeks. After treatment, fecal samples were collected. Microbiota composition was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 hypervariable region. Results: The C-Mg and L-Mg groups had more diversity than H-Mg group. CF231, SMB53, Dorea, Lactobacillus and Turibacter were enriched in the L-Mg group. In contrast, the phyla Proteobacteria, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Victivallis were overrepresented in the H-Mg group. PICRUSt analysis indicated that fecal microbiota of the L-Mg group were encoded with an increased abundance of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. Conclusion: Dietary magnesium supplementation can result in intestinal dysbiosis development in a situation where there is no magnesium deficiency. Conversely, low dietary magnesium consumption is associated with microbiota with a higher capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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Yang Q, Liang Q, Balakrishnan B, Belobrajdic DP, Feng QJ, Zhang W. Role of Dietary Nutrients in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E381. [PMID: 32023943 PMCID: PMC7071260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dietary nutrients modulate the gut microbiome is of great interest for the development of food products and eating patterns for combatting the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this narrative review we assess scientific studies published from 2005 to 2019 that evaluated the effect of micro- and macro-nutrients on the composition of the gut microbiome using in vitro and in vivo models, and human clinical trials. The clinical evidence for micronutrients is less clear and generally lacking. However, preclinical evidence suggests that red wine- and tea-derived polyphenols and vitamin D can modulate potentially beneficial bacteria. Current research shows consistent clinical evidence that dietary fibers, including arabinoxylans, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, and oligofructose, promote a range of beneficial bacteria and suppress potentially detrimental species. The preclinical evidence suggests that both the quantity and type of fat modulate both beneficial and potentially detrimental microbes, as well as the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that the type and amount of proteins in the diet has substantial and differential effects on the gut microbiota. Further clinical investigation of the effect of micronutrients and macronutrients on the microbiome and metabolome is warranted, along with understanding how this influences host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Tai Yuan 030619, China;
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Qian-Jin Feng
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Tai Yuan 030619, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Biopro ducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia; (Q.L.); (B.B.)
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Vinke P, Wesselink E, van Orten-Luiten W, van Norren K. The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Increase Symptoms of Muscle Function Loss in Patients with Chronic Illnesses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010323. [PMID: 31947724 PMCID: PMC6981685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common in patients with muscle wasting-related chronic diseases. We explored the hypothesis that the use of PPIs may contribute to a reduction in muscle mass and function in these patients. Literature indicates that a PPI-induced reduction in acidity of the gastrointestinal tract can decrease the absorption of, amongst others, magnesium. Low levels of magnesium are associated with impaired muscle function. This unwanted side-effect of PPIs on muscle function has been described in different disease backgrounds. Furthermore, magnesium is necessary for activation of vitamin D. Low vitamin D and magnesium levels together can lead to increased inflammation involved in muscle wasting. In addition, PPI use has been described to alter the microbiota’s composition in the gut, which might lead to increased inflammation. However, PPIs are often provided together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are anti-inflammatory. In the presence of obesity, additional mechanisms could further contribute to muscle alterations. In conclusion, use of PPIs has been reported to contribute to muscle function loss. Whether this will add to the risk factor for development of muscle function loss in patients with chronic disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Vinke
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (W.v.O.-L.)
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evertine Wesselink
- Nutrition and Disease, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Wout van Orten-Luiten
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (W.v.O.-L.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716RP Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (W.v.O.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Solomons NW, Scott ME, Koski KG. Anthropometry before Day 46 and Growth Velocity before 6 Months of Guatemalan Breastfed Infants Are Associated with Subclinical Mastitis and Milk Cytokines, Minerals, and Trace Elements. J Nutr 2019; 149:1651-1659. [PMID: 31187864 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, but its association with human milk composition and infant growth is not well described. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether SCM, milk cytokines, and/or estimated intakes of milk minerals and trace elements were associated with infant anthropometry or growth velocity before 6 mo. METHODS Breast milk was collected from Mam-Mayan mothers (n = 114) at both early (2-46 d) and established (4-6 mo) lactation. Concentrations of 9 elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc) analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to estimate infants' daily intakes. Concentrations of 4 cytokines were measured. Milk concentrations and infants' estimated elemental intakes and anthropometric measurements during early and established lactation were compared by SCM status. Multiple regression was used to identify factors associated with infant growth attainment (<46 d) for infant weight- (WAZ), length- (LAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ) z scores and with growth velocity (expressed as Δ/d) from early to established lactation. RESULTS SCM prevalence was higher in early (30%) than established (10%) lactation. Breast milk of SCM mothers had higher cytokine concentrations and higher magnesium in early and higher selenium concentrations in both early and established lactation (Padj < 0.0121). At day 46, regression models showed inverse associations of SCM with WLZ and IL-1β with LAZ (Padj < 0.0150). In contrast, linear growth velocity was positively associated with IL-1β measured in early lactation (Padj < 0.0124), whereas cranial growth velocity was positively associated with IL-8 measured during established lactation ( Padj < 0.0124). CONCLUSIONS Despite a high prevalence of inadequate intakes, only infants' intake of milk magnesium during early lactation was associated with linear growth velocity in breastfed infants <6 mo. Evidence shows that SCM, breast-milk cytokines, and infants' estimated intakes of select elements are independently associated with growth attainment and growth velocity during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noel W Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging, and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gommers LMM, Ederveen THA, van der Wijst J, Overmars-Bos C, Kortman GAM, Boekhorst J, Bindels RJM, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ. Low gut microbiota diversity and dietary magnesium intake are associated with the development of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia. FASEB J 2019; 33:11235-11246. [PMID: 31299175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900839r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used by millions of patients for the treatment of stomach acid-reflux diseases. Although PPIs are generally considered safe, about 13% of the users develop hypomagnesemia. Despite rising attention for this issue, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we examine whether the gut microbiome is involved in the development of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. After 4 wk of treatment under normal or low dietary Mg2+ availability, omeprazole significantly reduced serum Mg2+ levels only in mice on a low-Mg2+ diet without affecting the mRNA expression of colonic or renal Mg2+ transporters. Overall, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a lower gut microbial diversity in omeprazole-treated mice. Omeprazole induced a shift in microbial composition, which was associated with a 3- and 2-fold increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, respectively. To examine the metabolic consequences of these microbial alterations, the colonic composition of organic acids was evaluated. Low dietary Mg2+ intake, independent of omeprazole treatment, resulted in a 10-fold increase in formate levels. Together, these results imply that both omeprazole treatment and low dietary Mg2+ intake disturb the gut internal milieu and may pose a risk for the malabsorption of Mg2+ in the colon.-Gommers, L. M. M., Ederveen, T. H. A., van der Wijst, J., Overmars-Bos, C., Kortman, G. A. M., Boekhorst, J., Bindels, R. J. M., de Baaij, J. H. F., Hoenderop, J. G. J. Low gut microbiota diversity and dietary magnesium intake are associated with the development of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M M Gommers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caro Overmars-Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Boekhorst
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RADBOUDUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Dissecting the role of the gut microbiota and diet on visceral fat mass accumulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9758. [PMID: 31278309 PMCID: PMC6611773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both gut microbiota and diet have been shown to impact visceral fat mass (VFM), a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but their relative contribution has not been well characterised. We aimed to estimate and separate the effect of gut microbiota composition from that of nutrient intake on VFM in 1760 older female twins. Through pairwise association analyses, we identified 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 10 nutrients independently linked to VFM (FDR < 5%). Conditional analyses revealed that the majority (87%) of the 93 VFM-associated OTUs remained significantly associated with VFM irrespective of nutrient intake correction. In contrast, we observed that the effect of fibre, magnesium, biotin and vitamin E on VFM was partially mediated by OTUs. Moreover, we estimated that OTUs were more accurate predictors of VFM than nutrients and accounted for a larger percentage of its variance. Our results suggest that while the role of certain nutrients on VFM appears to depend on gut microbiota composition, specific gut microbes may affect host adiposity regardless of dietary intake. The findings imply that the gut microbiota may have a greater contribution towards shaping host VFM than diet alone. Thus, microbial-based therapy should be prioritised for VFM reduction in overweight and obese subjects.
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37
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Shahi A, Aslani S, Ataollahi M, Mahmoudi M. The role of magnesium in different inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:649-661. [PMID: 31172335 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency (MgD) can cause inflammation in human body. The known mechanisms of inflammation caused by MgD include activation of phagocytic cells, opening of calcium channels, activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In addition, MgD causes systemic stress response through neuroendocrinological pathways. The inflammation caused by MgD can result in pro-atherogenic changes in the metabolism of lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, and high blood pressure. Studies suggest that magnesium may play an important role in the pathophysiology of some inflammatory diseases. Several clinical trials and laboratory studies have been done on the functional role of magnesium. In this study, we review some inflammatory diseases, in which the magnesium has a role in their pathophysiology. Among these diseases, diabetes, asthma, preeclampsia, atherosclerosis, heart damage, and rheumatoid arthritis have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Ataollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 74616-86688, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran.
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Schutten JC, Joris PJ, Mensink RP, Danel RM, Goorman F, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Weersma RK, Keyzer CA, de Borst MH, Bakker SJL. Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:295. [PMID: 31138315 PMCID: PMC6540466 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. Recently, we showed that magnesium citrate supplementation results in a clinically relevant improvement of arterial stiffness. It remained unclear whether the observed effect was due to magnesium or citrate, and whether other magnesium compounds may have similar effects. Therefore, we aim to study the long-term effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness. In addition, we aim to investigate possible underlying mechanisms, including changes in blood pressure and changes in gut microbiota diversity. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 162 healthy overweight and slightly obese men and women will be recruited. During a 24-week intervention, individuals will be randomized to receive: magnesium citrate; magnesium oxide; magnesium sulfate (total daily dose of magnesium for each active treatment 450 mg); or placebo. The primary outcome of the study is arterial stiffness measured by the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVc–f), which is the gold standard for quantifying arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes are office blood pressure, measured by a continuous blood pressure monitoring device, and gut microbiota, measured in fecal samples. Measurements will be performed at baseline and at weeks 2, 12 and 24. Discussion The present study is expected to provide evidence for the effects of different available magnesium formulations (organic and inorganic) on well-established cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure, as well as on the human gut microbiota. As such, the study may contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in slightly obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03632590. Retrospectively registered on 15 August 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3414-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle C Schutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Keyzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Since the renaissance of microbiome research in the past decade, much insight has accumulated in comprehending forces shaping the architecture and functionality of resident microorganisms in the human gut. Of the multiple host-endogenous and host-exogenous factors involved, diet emerges as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota community structure and function. By introducing dietary signals into the nexus between the host and its microbiota, nutrition sustains homeostasis or contributes to disease susceptibility. Herein, we summarize major concepts related to the effect of dietary constituents on the gut microbiota, highlighting chief principles in the diet-microbiota crosstalk. We then discuss the health benefits and detrimental consequences that the interactions between dietary and microbial factors elicit in the host. Finally, we present the promises and challenges that arise when seeking to incorporate microbiome data in dietary planning and portray the anticipated revolution that the field of nutrition is facing upon adopting these novel concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Zmora
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Gastroenterology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jotham Suez
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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40
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Trapani V, Petito V, Di Agostini A, Arduini D, Hamersma W, Pietropaolo G, Luongo F, Arena V, Stigliano E, Lopetuso LR, Gasbarrini A, Wolf FI, Scaldaferri F. Dietary Magnesium Alleviates Experimental Murine Colitis Through Upregulation of the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 6 Channel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2198-2210. [PMID: 29788266 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) is essential for human health and is absorbed mainly in the intestine. In view of the likely occurrence of an Mg deficit in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the documented role of Mg in modulating inflammation, the present study addresses whether Mg availability can affect the onset and progression of intestinal inflammation. METHODS To study the correlation between Mg status and disease activity, we measured magnesemia by atomic absorption spectroscopy in a cohort of IBD patients. The effects of dietary Mg modulation were assessed in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by monitoring magnesemia, weight, fecal occult blood, diarrhea, colon length, and histology. Expression of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 6 channel was assessed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in murine colon tissues. The effect of Mg on epithelial barrier formation/repair was evaluated in human colon cell lines. RESULTS Inflammatory bowel disease patients presented with a substantial Mg deficit, and serum Mg levels were inversely correlated with disease activity. In mice, an Mg-deficient diet caused hypomagnesemia and aggravated DSS-induced colitis. Colitis severely compromised intestinal Mg2+ absorption due to mucosal damage and reduction in TRPM6 expression, but Mg supplementation resulted in better restoration of mucosal integrity and channel expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of evaluating and correcting magnesemia in IBD patients. The murine model suggests that Mg supplementation may represent a safe and cost-effective strategy to reduce inflammation and restore normal mucosal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trapani
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- Polo di Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Area Gastroenterologia, Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Fegato, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Agostini
- Polo di Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Area Gastroenterologia, Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Fegato, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Arduini
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Willem Hamersma
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Luongo
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Loris R Lopetuso
- Polo di Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Area Gastroenterologia, Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Fegato, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Polo di Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Area Gastroenterologia, Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Fegato, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Federica I Wolf
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Polo di Scienze Gastroenterologiche ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Area Gastroenterologia, Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Fegato, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli," Rome, Italy
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41
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Dietary magnesium deficiency impaired intestinal structural integrity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Sci Rep 2018; 8:12705. [PMID: 30139942 PMCID: PMC6107577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp (223.85–757.33 g) were fed diets supplemented with magnesium (73.54–1054.53 mg/kg) for 60 days to explore the impacts of magnesium deficiency on the growth and intestinal structural integrity of the fish. The results demonstrated that magnesium deficiency suppressed the growth and damaged the intestinal structural integrity of the fish. We first demonstrated that magnesium is partly involved in (1) attenuating antioxidant ability by suppressing Nrf2 signalling to decrease antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels and activities (except CuZnSOD mRNA levels and activities); (2) aggravating apoptosis by activating JNK (not p38MAPK) signalling to upregulate proapoptotic protein (Apaf-1, Bax and FasL) and caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9 gene expression but downregulate antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2, IAP and Mcl-1b) gene expression; (3) weakening the function of tight junctional complexes (TJs) by promoting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling to downregulate TJ gene expression [except claudin-7, ZO-2b and claudin-15 gene expression]. Additionally, based on percent weight gain (PWG), against reactive oxygen species (ROS), against caspase-9 and claudin-3c in grass carp, the optimal dietary magnesium levels were calculated to be 770.38, 839.86, 856.79 and 811.49 mg/kg, respectively.
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42
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Wang J, Um P, Dickerman BA, Liu J. Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium and Depression: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms and Implications. Nutrients 2018; 10:E584. [PMID: 29747386 PMCID: PMC5986464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency and depression are major global health problems. Here, we first review recent empirical evidence of the association between several micronutrients—zinc, magnesium, selenium—and depression. We then present potential mechanisms of action and discuss the clinical implications for each micronutrient. Collectively, empirical evidence most strongly supports a positive association between zinc deficiency and the risk of depression and an inverse association between zinc supplementation and depressive symptoms. Less evidence is available regarding the relationship between magnesium and selenium deficiency and depression, and studies have been inconclusive. Potential mechanisms of action involve the HPA axis, glutamate homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. Findings support the importance of adequate consumption of micronutrients in the promotion of mental health, and the most common dietary sources for zinc and other micronutrients are provided. Future research is needed to prospectively investigate the association between micronutrient levels and depression as well as the safety and efficacy of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Phoebe Um
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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43
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Requena T, Martínez-Cuesta MC, Peláez C. Diet and microbiota linked in health and disease. Food Funct 2018; 9:688-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet has shaped microbiota profiles through human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Requena
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. C. Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Peláez
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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44
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Abstract
Gut microbiomes may have a significant impact on mood and cognition, which is leading experts towards a new frontier in neuroscience. Studies have shown that increase in the amount of good bacteria in the gut can curb inflammation and cortisol level, reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, lowers stress reactivity, improves memory and even lessens neuroticism and social anxiety. This shows that, probably the beneficial gut bacteria or probiotics function mechanistically as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds. Thus, a psychobiotic is a live organism, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness. Study of these novel class of probiotics may open up the possibility of rearrangement of intestinal microbiota for effective management of various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Misra
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Debapriya Mohanty
- b Department of Microbiology , Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
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45
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46
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Bron PA, Kleerebezem M, Brummer RJ, Cani PD, Mercenier A, MacDonald TT, Garcia-Ródenas CL, Wells JM. Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function? Br J Nutr 2017; 117:93-107. [PMID: 28102115 PMCID: PMC5297585 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity is a prerequisite for homeostasis of mucosal function, which is balanced to maximise absorptive capacity, while maintaining efficient defensive reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. Evidence is mounting that disruption of epithelial barrier integrity is one of the major aetiological factors associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, including infection by pathogens, obesity and diabetes, necrotising enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. The notion that specific probiotic bacterial strains can affect barrier integrity fuelled research in which in vitro cell lines, animal models and clinical trials are used to assess whether probiotics can revert the diseased state back to homeostasis and health. This review catalogues and categorises the lines of evidence available in literature for the role of probiotics in epithelial integrity and, consequently, their beneficial effect for the reduction of gastrointestinal disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Bron
- NIZO Food Research and BE-Basic Foundation, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718ZB Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Wageningen University, Host Microbe Interactomics Group, De Elst 1, 6708WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Brummer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO – Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Mercenier
- Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Research, route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Thomas T. MacDonald
- Barts and The London school of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Clara L. Garcia-Ródenas
- Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Research, route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Wageningen University, Host Microbe Interactomics Group, De Elst 1, 6708WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Młyniec K, Gaweł M, Doboszewska U, Starowicz G, Nowak G. The Role of Elements in Anxiety. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 103:295-326. [PMID: 28061974 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Elements (bioelements) are necessary factors required for the physiological function of organisms. They are critically involved in fundamental processes of life. Extra- and intracellular message and metabolic pathway factors as well as structural components include one or many elements in their functional structure. Recent years have seen an intensification in terms of knowledge gained about the roles of elements in anxiety disorders. In this chapter we present a review of the most important current data concerning the involvement of zinc, magnesium, copper, lithium, iron, and manganese, and their deficiency, in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Młyniec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Gaweł
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - U Doboszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Starowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Nowak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Yuksel M, Isik T, Tanboga IH, Ayhan E, Erimsah ME, Topcu S, Demirelli S, Aksakal E, Sevimli S. The Importance of Magnesium Values in Patients With STEMI Admitted to the Emergency Department. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:329-335. [PMID: 27418637 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616658119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between initial magnesium (Mg) levels, electrocardiographic no-reflow, and long-term mortality in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS A total of 111 patients with pPCI participated in the study. Magnesium and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. The sum of ST-segment elevation was measured immediately before and 60 minutes after the restoration of coronary flow. The difference between the 2 measurements was taken as the amount of ST-segment resolution and defined as sum of ST-segment resolution (∑STR). The ∑STR <50% was determined as electrocardiographic sign of no-reflow phenomenon. After the patients were discharged, they were followed up for major adverse cardiac events for up to 51 months after discharge. RESULTS Forty patients in the no-reflow group and 71 patients in the normal-flow group were included in the study. Magnesium value ≤1.87 mg/dL initially measured had 77% sensitivity and 59% specificity in predicting no-reflow on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In multivariate analyses, Mg (odds ratio [OR]: 0.01, <95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.12; P = .004), hs-CRP (OR: 1.06, <95% CI: 1.00-1.14; P = .05), left anterior descending artery lesion (OR: 6.66, <95% CI: 1.45-3.05; P = .01), and reperfusion time (OR: 1.01, <95% CI: 1.00-1.01; P = .03) were still independent predictors of electrocardiographic no-reflow, and only Mg (OR: 0.08, <95% CI: 0.01-1.03; P = .05) was still an independent predictor of long-term mortality. CONCLUSION Serum Mg level is an independent predictor of electrocardiographic no-reflow and long-term mortality in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Yuksel
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isik
- 2 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Ayhan
- 2 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emre Erimsah
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Selim Topcu
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirelli
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enbiya Aksakal
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sevimli
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Labots M, Zheng X, Moattari G, Lozeman-van’t Klooster J, Baars J, Hesseling P, Lavrijsen M, Kirchhoff S, Ohl F, van Lith H. Substrain and light regime effects on integrated anxiety-related behavioral z-scores in male C57BL/6 mice—Hypomagnesaemia has only a small effect on avoidance behavior. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnesium deficiency has been associated with anxiety in humans, and rodent studies have demonstrated the gut microbiota to impact behaviour. METHODS We investigated the impact of 6 weeks of dietary magnesium deficiency on gut microbiota composition and anxiety-like behaviour and whether there was a link between the two. A total of 20 C57BL/6 mice, fed either a standard diet or a magnesium-deficient diet for 6 weeks, were tested using the light-dark box anxiety test. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS We demonstrated that the gut microbiota composition correlated significantly with the behaviour of dietary unchallenged mice. A magnesium-deficient diet altered the gut microbiota, and was associated with altered anxiety-like behaviour, measured by decreased latency to enter the light box. CONCLUSION Magnesium deficiency altered behavior. The duration of magnesium deficiency is suggested to influence behaviour in the evaluated test.
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