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Masuda MY, Pyon GC, Luo H, LeSuer WE, Putikova A, Dao A, Ortiz DR, Schulze AR, Fritz N, Kobayashi T, Iijima K, Klein-Szanto AJ, Shimonosono M, Flashner S, Morimoto M, Pai RK, Rank MA, Nakagawa H, Kita H, Wright BL, Doyle AD. Epithelial overexpression of IL-33 induces eosinophilic esophagitis dependent on IL-13. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1355-1368. [PMID: 38310974 PMCID: PMC11070306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly common inflammatory condition of the esophagus; however, the underlying immunologic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The epithelium-derived cytokine IL-33 is associated with type 2 immune responses and elevated in esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with EoE. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that overexpression of IL-33 by the esophageal epithelium would promote the immunopathology of EoE. METHODS We evaluated the functional consequences of esophageal epithelial overexpression of a secreted and active form of IL-33 in a novel transgenic mouse, EoE33. EoE33 mice were analyzed for clinical and immunologic phenotypes. Esophageal contractility was assessed. Epithelial cytokine responses were analyzed in three-dimensional organoids. EoE33 phenotypes were further characterized in ST2-/-, eosinophil-deficient, and IL-13-/- mice. Finally, EoE33 mice were treated with dexamethasone. RESULTS EoE33 mice displayed ST2-dependent, EoE-like pathology and failed to thrive. Esophageal tissue remodeling and inflammation included basal zone hyperplasia, eosinophilia, mast cells, and TH2 cells. Marked increases in levels of type 2 cytokines, including IL-13, and molecules associated with immune responses and tissue remodeling were observed. Esophageal organoids suggested reactive epithelial changes. Genetic deletion of IL-13 in EoE33 mice abrogated pathologic changes in vivo. EoE33 mice were responsive to steroids. CONCLUSIONS IL-33 overexpression by the esophageal epithelium generated immunopathology and clinical phenotypes resembling human EoE. IL-33 may play a pivotal role in the etiology of EoE by activating the IL-13 pathway. EoE33 mice are a robust experimental platform for mechanistic investigation and translational discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Grace C Pyon
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Arina Putikova
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Adelyn Dao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Danna R Ortiz
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Aliviya R Schulze
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Nicholas Fritz
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | | | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rish K Pai
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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Wang Z, Tang N. Unpacking the complexity of nuclear IL-33 (nIL-33): a crucial regulator of transcription and signal transduction. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00788-1. [PMID: 37878185 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) (NF-HEV), a chromatin-associated nuclear cytokine, is a member of the IL-1 family. IL-33 possesses a nuclear localization signal and a homeodomain (a structure resembling a helix-turn-helix) that can bind to nuclear chromatin. Research has revealed that IL-33 can function as a nuclear factor to regulate various biological processes. This review discusses the cellular localization, functional effects, and immune regulation of full length IL-33 (FLIL-33), cytokine IL-33 (sIL-33) and nuclear IL-33 (nIL-33). In addition, the post-translational modifications of nIL-33 and the hypothesis of using nIL-33 as a treatment method were also summarized. A multidisciplinary approach is required which integrates methods and techniques from genomics, proteomics, cell biology and immunology to provide comprehensive insights into the function and therapeutic potential of nIL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Ueno K, Miyazaki Y. Detrimental impact of the IL-33/ST2 axis in an animal infection model with Cryptococcus neoformans. Allergol Int 2023; 72:530-536. [PMID: 37482531 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are pathogenic fungi that infect the human respiratory system and cause life-threatening pulmonary cryptococcosis. The immunopathology of cryptococcosis is completely different from that of other fungal allergies. In murine cryptococcal infection models, cryptococcal cells are usually injected via nasal or intratracheal routes. After the infection, the alveolar epithelial cells are impaired and release IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine that functions as an alarmin. This cytokine detrimentally amplifies allergic responses, and also induces a protective immune response against parasitic infection. In the pulmonary cryptococcosis model, type-II alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of IL-33, and the alveolar epithelial cells, ILC2, and Th2 cells express the IL-33 receptor (ST2). In IL-33- or ST2-deficient mice, allergy-like immune responses are attenuated after the C. neoformans infection. The numbers of ILC2 and Th2 cells and the levels of type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, are decreased in the mouse lungs in both models. In association with these changes, total blood IgE, bronchus mucus production, and the number of eosinophils are decreased. Conversely, lung neutrophils and M1-type macrophages are increased. These are protective immune subsets suppressing cryptococcal growth. As a result, the lung fungal burden of IL-33- and ST2-deficient mice is decreased post-infection, and both deficient mice show significantly improved mortality. This pathogenesis varies depending on the cryptococcal and murine strains used in the animal experiments. Here, we overview and discuss the itmmunopathology of the IL-33/ST2 axis in a murine lethal cryptococcal infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ueno
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Stephenson KE, Porte J, Kelly A, Wallace WA, Huntington CE, Overed-Sayer CL, Cohen ES, Jenkins RG, John AE. The IL-33:ST2 axis is unlikely to play a central fibrogenic role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:89. [PMID: 36949463 PMCID: PMC10035257 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease (ILD) with limited treatment options. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is proposed to play a role in the development of IPF however the exclusive use of prophylactic dosing regimens means that the therapeutic benefit of targeting this cytokine in IPF is unclear. METHODS IL-33 expression was assessed in ILD lung sections and human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) by immunohistochemistry and gene/protein expression and responses of HLFs to IL-33 stimulation measured by qPCR. In vivo, the fibrotic potential of IL-33:ST2 signalling was assessed using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and therapeutic dosing with an ST2-Fc fusion protein. Lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected for measurement of inflammatory and fibrotic endpoints. Human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) or IL-33 and fibrotic readouts assessed. RESULTS IL-33 was expressed by fibrotic fibroblasts in situ and was increased by TGFβ treatment in vitro. IL-33 treatment of HLFs did not induce IL6, CXCL8, ACTA2 and COL1A1 mRNA expression with these cells found to lack the IL-33 receptor ST2. Similarly, IL-33 stimulation had no effect on ACTA2, COL1A1, FN1 and fibronectin expression by PCLS. Despite having effects on inflammation suggestive of target engagement, therapeutic dosing with the ST2-Fc fusion protein failed to reduce BLM-induced fibrosis measured by hydroxyproline content or Ashcroft score. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings suggest the IL-33:ST2 axis does not play a central fibrogenic role in the lungs with therapeutic blockade of this pathway unlikely to surpass the current standard of care for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Stephenson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joanne Porte
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aoife Kelly
- Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Catherine L Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Interstitial lung disease unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alison E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wang Z, Ma Q, Jiang J, Yang X, Zhang E, Tao Y, Hu H, Huang M, Ji N, Zhang M. A comparative study of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in a C57BL/6 J mouse model of pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:53-63. [PMID: 36367554 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that IL-33 receptor ST2 deficiency mitigates Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) pulmonary infection in BALB/c mice. IL-33 may modulate immune responses in ST2-dependent and ST2-independent manners. The host genetic background (i.e., BALB/c, C57BL/6 J) influences immune responses against C. neoformans. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles of IL-33 and ST2 in pulmonary C. neoformans-infected mice on a C57BL/6 J genetic background. C. neoformans infection increased IL-33 expression in lung tissues. IL-33 deficiency but not ST2 deficiency significantly extended the survival time of C. neoformans-infected mice. In contrast, either IL-33 or ST2 deficiency reduced fungal burdens in lung, spleen and brain tissues from the mice following C. neoformans intratracheal inoculation. Similarly, inflammatory responses in the lung tissues were more pronounced in both the IL-33-/- and ST2-/- infected mice. However, mucus production was decreased in IL-33-/- infected mice alone, and the level of IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was substantially decreased in the IL-33-/- infected mice but not ST2-/- infected mice. Moreover, IL-33 deficiency but not ST2 deficiency increased iNOS-positive macrophages. At the early stage of infection, the reduced pulmonary fungal burden in the IL-33-/- and ST2-/- mice was accompanied by increased neutrophil infiltration. Collectively, IL-33 regulated pulmonary C. neoformans infection in an ST2-dependent and ST2-independent manner in C57BL/6 J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enrui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huidi Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Banday MM, Rao SB, Shankar S, Khanday MA, Finan J, O'Neill E, Coppolino A, Seyfang A, Kumar A, Rinewalt DE, Goldberg HJ, Woolley A, Mallidi HR, Visner G, Gaggar A, Patel KN, Sharma NS. IL-33 mediates Pseudomonas induced airway fibrogenesis and is associated with CLAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:53-63. [PMID: 37014805 PMCID: PMC10260236 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term outcomes of lung transplantation are impacted by the occurrence of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Recent evidence suggests a role for the lung microbiome in the occurrence of CLAD, but the exact mechanisms are not well defined. We hypothesize that the lung microbiome inhibits epithelial autophagic clearance of pro-fibrotic proteins in an IL-33 dependent manner, thereby augmenting fibrogenesis and risk for CLAD. METHODS Autopsy derived CLAD and non-CLAD lungs were collected. IL-33, P62 and LC3 immunofluorescence was performed and assessed using confocal microscopy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA), Streptococcus Pneumoniae (SP), Prevotella Melaninogenica (PM), recombinant IL-33 or PsA-lipopolysaccharide was co-cultured with primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) and lung fibroblasts in the presence or absence of IL-33 blockade. Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR was performed to evaluate IL-33 expression, autophagy, cytokines and fibroblast differentiation markers. These experiments were repeated after siRNA silencing and upregulation (plasmid vector) of Beclin-1. RESULTS Human CLAD lungs demonstrated markedly increased expression of IL-33 and reduced basal autophagy compared to non-CLAD lungs. Exposure of co-cultured PBECs to PsA, SP induced IL-33, and inhibited PBEC autophagy, while PM elicited no significant response. Further, PsA exposure increased myofibroblast differentiation and collagen formation. IL-33 blockade in these co-cultures recovered Beclin-1, cellular autophagy and attenuated myofibroblast activation in a Beclin-1 dependent manner. CONCLUSION CLAD is associated with increased airway IL-33 expression and reduced basal autophagy. PsA induces a fibrogenic response by inhibiting airway epithelial autophagy in an IL-33 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir M Banday
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shruthi Shankar
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine/Tampa General Hospital
| | | | - Jon Finan
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine/Tampa General Hospital
| | - Edward O'Neill
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine/Tampa General Hospital
| | - Antonio Coppolino
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Seyfang
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine/Tampa General Hospital
| | - Archit Kumar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel E Rinewalt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary J Goldberg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann Woolley
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hari Reddy Mallidi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Visner
- Boston Children's Hospital. Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Kapil N Patel
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine/Tampa General Hospital
| | - Nirmal S Sharma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston VA Medical Center.
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Luzina IG, Lockatell V, Courneya JP, Mei Z, Fishelevich R, Kopach P, Pickering EM, Kang PH, Krupnick AS, Todd NW, Vogel SN, Atamas SP. Full-length IL-33 augments pulmonary fibrosis in an ST2- and Th2-independent, non-transcriptomic fashion. Cell Immunol 2023; 383:104657. [PMID: 36603504 PMCID: PMC9909894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mature IL-33 (MIL33) acting through its receptor, ST2, is known to regulate fibrosis. The precursor, full-length IL-33 (FLIL33), may function differently from MIL33 and independently of ST2. Here we report that genetic deletion of either IL-33 or ST2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin model, as does Cre-induced IL-33 deficiency in response to either acute or chronic bleomycin challenge. However, adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of FLIL33, but not MIL33, to the lungs of either wild-type or ST2-deficient mice potentiates the profibrotic effect of bleomycin without inducing a Th2 phenotype. In cultured mouse lung cells, FLIL33 overexpression induces moderate and distinct transcriptomic changes compared with a robust response induced by MIL33, whereas ST2 deletion abrogates the effects of both IL-33 forms. Thus, FLIL33 may contribute to fibrosis in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent, non-transcriptomic fashion, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of both FLIL33 and MIL33 may prove efficacious in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Virginia Lockatell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Courneya
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhongcheng Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rita Fishelevich
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pavel Kopach
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edward M Pickering
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phillip H Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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The IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Cerebral Malaria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113457. [PMID: 36362246 PMCID: PMC9658244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an immunomodulatory cytokine which plays critical roles in tissue function and immune-mediated diseases. IL-33 is abundant within the brain and spinal cord tissues where it acts as a key cytokine to coordinate the exchange between the immune and central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we report the recent advances to our knowledge regarding the role of IL-33 and of its receptor ST2 in cerebral malaria, and in particular, we highlight the pivotal role that IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway could play in brain and cerebrospinal barriers permeability. IL-33 serum levels are significantly higher in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria than children without complications or noninfected children. IL-33 levels are correlated with parasite load and strongly decrease with parasite clearance. We postulate that sequestration of infected erythrocytes or merozoites liberation from schizonts could amplify IL-33 production in endothelial cells, contributing either to malaria pathogenesis or recovery.
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Xu X, Dai H, Zhang J. The potential role of interleukin (IL)-25/IL-33/thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:696-707. [PMID: 36082495 PMCID: PMC9629992 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are the important drivers for excessive type-2 immunity. It has been well elucidated that IL-25/IL-33/TSLP plays an important role in allergic airway inflammation and remodeling, whereas their roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) still remained largely unclear. Herein, the aim of the review is to discuss the potential role and mechanism of IL-25/IL-33/TSLP on IPF by literature analysis and summary. DATA SOURCE We have done a literature search using the following terms: ("idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" OR "IPF" OR "lung fibrosis") and (TSLP or "thymic stromal lymphopoietin" or IL-25 OR IL-17E OR IL-33) from the database of PubMed published in English up to July 2018. STUDY SELECTION We have totally found 58 articles by using the retrieval terms mentioned above. By careful title and abstract reading, 10 original research articles of high quality were enrolled for the full text reading and analysis. Two additional relevant studies were also included during the course of literature readings. RESULTS IL-25/IL-33/TSLP and their corresponding receptors, that is, IL-17BR/ST2L/TSLPR, are shown to be up-regulated both in IPF patients and bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis mice model. IL-25 may promote lung fibrosis by activating IL-17BR+fibroblast and IL-17BR+ILC2 (type 2 innate lymphoid cell). Full length (fl)-IL-33, as a transcription factor mainly in the cell nucleus, mediated non-atopic lung inflammation and fibrosis by modulating expressions of several pro-fibrotic mediators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1. By contrast, mature (m)-IL-33 potentiates lung fibrosis by recruiting ST2L+M2 macrophages and ST2L+ILC2 to enlarge type 2 immunity. TSLP was shown to directly promote CCL2 expression in primary human lung fibroblasts (pHLFs). CONCLUSION IL-25/IL-33/TSLP contributes to non-allergic lung fibrosis by mediating persistent abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. IL-25/IL-33/TSLP may serve the promising novel target for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing An Zhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing An Zhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Maternal IL-33 critically regulates tissue remodeling and type 2 immune responses in the uterus during early pregnancy in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123267119. [PMID: 35994660 PMCID: PMC9436313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnant uterus is an immunologically rich organ, with dynamic changes in the inflammatory milieu and immune cell function underlying key stages of pregnancy. Recent studies have implicated dysregulated expression of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokine, IL-33, and its receptor, ST2, in poor pregnancy outcomes in women, including recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and preterm labor. How IL-33 supports pregnancy progression in vivo is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that maternal IL-33 signaling critically regulates uterine tissue remodeling and immune cell function during early pregnancy in mice. IL-33-deficient dams exhibit defects in implantation chamber formation and decidualization, and abnormal vascular remodeling during early pregnancy. These defects coincide with delays in early embryogenesis, increased resorptions, and impaired fetal and placental growth by late pregnancy. At a cellular level, myometrial fibroblasts, and decidual endothelial and stromal cells, are the main IL-33+ cell types in the uterus during decidualization and early placentation, whereas ST2 is expressed by uterine immune populations associated with type 2 immune responses, including ILC2s, Tregs, CD4+ T cells, M2- and cDC2-like myeloid cells, and mast cells. Early pregnancy defects in IL-33-deficient dams are associated with impaired type 2 cytokine responses by uterine lymphocytes and fewer Arginase-1+ macrophages in the uterine microenvironment. Collectively, our data highlight a regulatory network, involving crosstalk between IL-33-producing nonimmune cells and ST2+ immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface, that critically supports pregnancy progression in mice. This work has the potential to advance our understanding of how IL-33 signaling may support optimal pregnancy outcomes in women.
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11
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Yi XM, Lian H, Li S. Signaling and functions of interleukin-33 in immune regulation and diseases. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100042. [PMID: 37192860 PMCID: PMC10120307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) which belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is an alarmin cytokine with critical roles in tissue homeostasis, pathogenic infection, inflammation, allergy and type 2 immunity. IL-33 transmits signals through its receptor IL-33R (also called ST2) which is expressed on the surface of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), thus inducing transcription of Th2-associated cytokine genes and host defense against pathogens. Moreover, the IL-33/IL-33R axis is also involved in development of multiple types of immune-related diseases. In this review, we focus on current progress on IL-33-trigggered signaling events, the important functions of IL-33/IL-33R axis in health and diseases as well as the promising therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huan Lian
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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12
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Guo Y, Mei Z, Li D, Banerjee A, Khalil MA, Burke A, Ritter J, Lau C, Kreisel D, Gelman AE, Jacobsen E, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Krupnick AS. Ischemia reperfusion injury facilitates lung allograft acceptance through IL-33-mediated activation of donor-derived IL-5 producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1963-1975. [PMID: 35510760 PMCID: PMC9357103 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathways regulating lung alloimmune responses differ from most other solid organs and remain poorly explored. Based on our recent work identifying the unique role of eosinophils in downregulating lung alloimmunity, we sought to define pathways contributing to eosinophil migration and homeostasis. Using a murine lung transplant model, we have uncovered that immunosuppression increases eosinophil infiltration into the allograft in an IL-5-dependent manner. IL-5 production depends on immunosuppression-mediated preservation of donor-derived group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). We further describe that ischemia reperfusion injury upregulates the expression of IL-33, which functions as the dominant and nonredundant mediator of IL-5 production by graft-resident ILC2. Our work thus identifies unique cellular mechanisms that contribute to lung allograft acceptance. Notably, ischemia reperfusion injury, widely considered to be solely deleterious to allograft survival, can also downregulate alloimmune responses by initiating unique pathways that promote IL-33/IL-5/eosinophil-mediated tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Zhongcheng Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Dongge Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - May A. Khalil
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Allen Burke
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jon Ritter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Christine Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Elizabeth Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Irina G. Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
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13
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Yeoh WJ, Vu VP, Krebs P. IL-33 biology in cancer: An update and future perspectives. Cytokine 2022; 157:155961. [PMID: 35843125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast-like cells. Upon cell stress, damage or necrosis, IL-33 is released into the cytoplasm to exert its prime role as an alarmin by binding to its specific receptor moiety, ST2. IL-33 exhibits pleiotropic function in inflammatory diseases and particularly in cancer. IL-33 may play a dual role as both a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokine, dependent on tumor and cellular context, expression levels, bioactivity and the nature of the inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the differential contribution of IL-33 to malignant or inflammatory conditions, its multifaceted effects on the tumor microenvironment, while providing possible explanations for the discrepant findings described in the literature. Additionally, we examine the emerging and divergent functions of IL-33 in the nucleus, and aspects of IL-33 biology that are currently under-addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Yeoh
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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14
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Wang H, Wu T, Hua F, Sun J, Bai Y, Wang W, Liu J, Zhang M. IL-33 Promotes ST2-Dependent Fibroblast Maturation via P38 and TGF-β in a Mouse Model of Epidural Fibrosis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:577-588. [PMID: 35195855 PMCID: PMC9130447 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1β family, is involved in organ fibrosis. However, the roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in epidural fibrosis post spine operation remain elusive. METHODS A mouse model of epidural fibrosis was established after laminectomy. IL-33 in the wound tissues post laminectomy was measured with Western blotting, ELISA and immunoflurosence imaging. The fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 and primary fibroblasts were treated with IL-33 and the mechanisms of maturation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were analyzed. To explore roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in vivo, IL-33 knockout (KO) and ST2 KO mice were employed to construct the model of laminectomy. The epidural fibrosis was evaluated using H&E and Masson staining, western-blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As demonstrated in western blotting and ELISA, IL-33 was increased in epidural wound tissues post laminectomy. The immunoflurosence imaging revealed that endothelial cells (CD31+) and fibroblasts (α-SAM+) were major producers of IL-33 in the epidural wound tissues. In vitro, IL-33 promoted fibroblast maturation, which was blocked by ST2 neutralization antibody, suggesting that IL-33-promoted-fibroblasts maturation was ST2 dependent. Further, IL-33/ST2 activated MAPK p38 and TGF-β pathways. Either p38 inhibitor or TGF-β inhibitor decreased fibronectin and α-SAM production from IL-33-treated fibroblasts, suggesting that p38 and TGF-β were involved with IL-33/ST2 signal pathways in the fibroblasts maturation. In vivo, IL-33 KO or ST2 KO decreased fibronectin, α-SMA and collagen deposition in the wound tissues of mice that underwent spine surgery. In addition, TGF-β1 was decreased in IL-33 KO or ST2 KO epidural wound tissues. CONCLUSION In summary, IL-33/ST2 promoted fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts via MAPK p38 and TGF-β in a mouse model of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hua
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weishun Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- grid.452511.6Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Demyanets S, Stojkovic S, Huber K, Wojta J. The Paradigm Change of IL-33 in Vascular Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413288. [PMID: 34948083 PMCID: PMC8707059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the actual understanding of the role of IL-33 in vascular biology in the context of the historical development since the description of IL-33 as a member of IL-1 superfamily and the ligand for ST2 receptor in 2005. We summarize recent data on the biology, structure and signaling of this dual-function factor with both nuclear and extracellular cytokine properties. We describe cellular sources of IL-33, particularly within vascular wall, changes in its expression in different cardio-vascular conditions and mechanisms of IL-33 release. Additionally, we summarize the regulators of IL-33 expression as well as the effects of IL-33 itself in cells of the vasculature and in monocytes/macrophages in vitro combined with the consequences of IL-33 modulation in models of vascular diseases in vivo. Described in murine atherosclerosis models as well as in macrophages as an atheroprotective cytokine, extracellular IL-33 induces proinflammatory, prothrombotic and proangiogenic activation of human endothelial cells, which are processes known to be involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We, therefore, discuss that IL-33 can possess both protective and harmful effects in experimental models of vascular pathologies depending on experimental conditions, type and dose of administration or method of modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-73500; Fax: +43-1-40400-73586
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16
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IL-33 Depletion in COVID-19 Lungs. Chest 2021; 160:1656-1659. [PMID: 34245743 PMCID: PMC8261025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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17
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Mikuls TR, Gaurav R, Thiele GM, England BR, Wolfe MG, Shaw BP, Bailey KL, Wyatt TA, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Hunter CD, Wang D, Romberger DJ, Ascherman DP, Poole JA. The impact of airborne endotoxin exposure on rheumatoid arthritis-related joint damage, autoantigen expression, autoimmunity, and lung disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108069. [PMID: 34461491 PMCID: PMC8551041 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Airborne biohazards are risk factors in the development and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA-associated lung disease, yet the mechanisms explaining this relationship remain unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a ubiquitous inflammatory agent in numerous environmental and occupational air pollutant settings recognized to induce airway inflammation. Combining repetitive LPS inhalation exposures with the collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model, DBA1/J mice were assigned to either: sham (saline injection/saline inhalation), CIA (CIA/saline), LPS (saline/LPS 100 ng inhalation), or CIA + LPS for 5 weeks. Serum anti-citrullinated (CIT) protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies were strikingly potentiated with co-exposure (CIA + LPS). CIT- and MAA-modified lung proteins were increased with co-exposure and co-localized across treatment groups. Inhaled LPS exacerbated arthritis with CIA + LPS > LPS > CIA versus sham. Periarticular bone loss was demonstrated in CIA and CIA + LPS but not in LPS alone. LPS induced airway inflammation and neutrophil infiltrates were reduced with co-exposure (CIA + LPS). Potentially signaling transition to pro-fibrotic processes, there were increased infiltrates of activated CD11c+CD11b+ macrophages and transitioning CD11c+CD11bint monocyte-macrophage populations with CIA + LPS. Moreover, several lung remodeling proteins including fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinases as well as complement C5a were potentiated with CIA + LPS compared to other treatment groups. IL-33 concentrations in lung homogenates were enhanced with CIA + LPS with IL-33 lung staining driven by LPS. IL-33 expression was also significantly increased in lung tissues from patients with RA-associated lung disease (N = 8) versus controls (N = 7). These findings suggest that patients with RA may be more susceptible to developing interstitial lung disease following airborne biohazard exposures enriched in LPS.
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MESH Headings
- Air Pollutants/adverse effects
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/complications
- Arthritis, Experimental/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Dust
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects
- Interleukin-33/analysis
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bryant R England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madison G Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brianna P Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dana P Ascherman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Environmental allergens trigger type 2 inflammation through ripoptosome activation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1316-1326. [PMID: 34531562 PMCID: PMC8487942 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental allergens, including fungi, insects and mites, trigger type 2 immunity; however, the innate sensing mechanisms and initial signaling events remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that allergens trigger RIPK1-caspase 8 ripoptosome activation in epithelial cells. The active caspase 8 subsequently engages caspases 3 and 7, which directly mediate intracellular maturation and release of IL-33, a pro-atopy, innate immunity, alarmin cytokine. Mature IL-33 maintained functional interaction with the cognate ST2 receptor and elicited potent pro-atopy inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting caspase 8 pharmacologically and deleting murine Il33 and Casp8 each attenuated allergic inflammation in vivo. Clinical data substantiated ripoptosome activation and IL-33 maturation as likely contributors to human allergic inflammation. Our findings reveal an epithelial barrier, allergen-sensing mechanism that converges on the ripoptosome as an intracellular molecular signaling platform, triggering type 2 innate immune responses. These findings have significant implications for understanding and treating human allergic diseases.
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19
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Liang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Yang W, Yi P, Soong L, Cong Y, Cai J, Fan X, Sun J. IL-33 activates mTORC1 and modulates glycolytic metabolism in CD8 + T cells. Immunology 2021; 165:61-73. [PMID: 34411293 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member in the IL-1 family, plays a central role in innate and adaptive immunity; however, how IL-33 mediates cytotoxic T-cell regulation and the downstream signals remain elusive. In this study, we found increased mouse IL-33 expression in CD8+ T cells following cell activation via anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation in vitro or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in vivo. Our cell adoptive transfer experiment demonstrated that extracellular, but not nuclear, IL-33 contributed to the activation and proliferation of CD8+ , but not CD4+ T effector cells in LCMV infection. Importantly, IL-33 induced mTORC1 activation in CD8+ T cells as evidenced by increased phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) levels both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, this IL-33-induced CD8+ T-cell activation was suppressed by mTORC1 inhibitors. Furthermore, IL-33 elevated glucose uptake and lactate production in CD8+ T cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners. The results of glycolytic rate assay demonstrated the increased glycolytic capacity of IL-33-treated CD8+ T cells compared with that of control cells. Our mechanistic study further revealed the capacity of IL-33 in promoting the expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and glycolytic enzymes via mTORC1, leading to accelerated aerobic glucose metabolism Warburg effect and increased effector T-cell activation. Together, our data provide new insights into IL-33-mediated regulation of CD8+ T cells, which might be beneficial for therapeutic strategies of inflammatory and infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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20
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Nuclear IL-33 Plays an Important Role in IL-31‒Mediated Downregulation of FLG, Keratin 1, and Keratin 10 by Regulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation in Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:136-144.e3. [PMID: 34293350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IL-33, a chromatin-associated multifunctional cytokine, is implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by skin barrier dysfunction. IL-33 accumulates in the nuclei of epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) in AD lesions. However, it is unclear whether nuclear IL-33 directly contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. IL-31, a pruritogenic cytokine primarily produced by T helper type 2 cells, is elevated in AD lesions and promotes AD development by suppressing KC differentiation and inducing itching. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nuclear IL-33 in IL-31‒mediated suppression of KC differentiation. In monolayer cultures and living skin equivalent, IL-31 increased the expression of full-length IL-33 and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the nuclei of human KCs, which in turn downregulated the expression of differentiation markers. We found that IL-31 and IL-4/IL-13 use very similar mechanisms to inhibit KC differentiation: nuclear IL-33 combines with phosphorylated STAT3 and functions as a STAT3 transcription cofactor, promoting phosphorylated STAT3 binding to the FLG promoter to inhibit its transcription; moreover, the nuclear IL-33/phosphorylated STAT3 complex drives the downregulation of keratin 1 and keratin 10 by reducing the availability of the transcription factor RunX1. Therefore, nuclear IL-33 plays an important role in IL-31‒mediated differentiation suppression by regulating STAT3 activation in human KCs.
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21
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Bhattacharya S, Agarwal S, Shrimali NM, Guchhait P. Interplay between hypoxia and inflammation contributes to the progression and severity of respiratory viral diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101000. [PMID: 34294412 PMCID: PMC8287505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
History of pandemics is dominated by viral infections and specifically respiratory viral diseases like influenza and COVID-19. Lower respiratory tract infection is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Crosstalk between resultant inflammation and hypoxic microenvironment may impair ventilatory response of lungs. This reduces arterial partial pressure of oxygen, termed as hypoxemia, which is observed in a section of patients with respiratory virus infections including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In this review, we describe the interplay between inflammation and hypoxic microenvironment in respiratory viral infection and its contribution to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Bhattacharya
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India; School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Orissa, India
| | - Sakshi Agarwal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Nishith M Shrimali
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
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22
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The Janus Face of IL-33 Signaling in Tumor Development and Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133281. [PMID: 34209038 PMCID: PMC8268428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is often released from damaged cells, acting as a danger signal. IL-33 exerts its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) that is constitutively expressed on most immune cells. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signaling can modulate immune responses to participate actively in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer. Like a two-faced Janus, which faces opposite directions, IL-33/ST2 signaling may play contradictory roles on its impact on cancer progression through both immune and nonimmune cellular components. Accumulating evidence demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of IL-33, depending on the complex nature of different tumor immune microenvironments. We summarize and discuss the most recent studies on the contradictory effects of IL-33 on cancer progression and treatment, with a goal to better understanding the various ways for IL-33 as a therapeutic target. Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Through its specific receptor ST2, IL-33 exerts multifaceted functions through the activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. ST2 is expressed in different types of immune cells, including Th2 cells, Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytotoxic NK cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and myeloid cells. During cancer initiation and progression, the aberrant regulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) extrinsically and intrinsically mediates immune editing via modulation of both innate and adaptive immune cell components. The summarized results in this review suggest that IL-33 exerts dual-functioning, pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the tumor type, expression levels, cellular context, and cytokine milieu. A better understanding of the distinct roles of IL-33 in epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments will benefit the development of a targeting strategy for this IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Ma Q, Qian Y, Jiang J, Wu J, Song M, Li X, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhu R, Sun Z, Huang M, Ji N, Zhang M. IL-33/ST2 axis deficiency exacerbates neutrophil-dominant allergic airway inflammation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1300. [PMID: 34178329 PMCID: PMC8207976 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The IL‐33/ST2 axis has been extensively investigated in type 2 eosinophilic inflammation. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the IL‐33/ST2 axis in neutrophil‐dominant allergic airway inflammation. Methods House‐dust mite (HDM) extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were administered to establish a murine model of neutrophil‐dominant allergic airway inflammation. The formation of neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs) in the lung tissues was demonstrated by immunofluorescence imaging. Mature IL‐33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by Western blotting. The neutrophilic chemokine KC produced by bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) or primary alveolar epithelial cells was measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Results In the present study, we observed neutrophilic inflammation and tight junction damage in the lungs of mice sensitised with HDM and LPS. Furthermore, sensitisation with HDM and LPS resulted in the formation of NETs, accompanied by increased levels of mature IL‐33 in the BALF. Moreover, LPS damaged the epithelial tight junction protein occludin directly or indirectly by inducing NET formation. Surprisingly, IL‐33 deficiency augmented neutrophilia and epithelial barrier injury in the lungs of mice after sensitisation with HDM and LPS. Similarly, the absence of ST2 exacerbated the neutrophilic inflammatory response, decreased the expression of occludin and exacerbated the severity of neutrophil‐dominant allergic airway inflammation in an HDM/LPS‐induced mouse model. Mechanistically, BMDMs and alveolar epithelial cells from IL‐33‐ or ST2‐deficient mice tended to produce higher levels of the neutrophilic chemokine KC. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the IL‐33/ST2 axis may play a protective role in neutrophil‐dominant allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xinyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology Department of Immunology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology Department of Immunology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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24
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Fonseca W, Lukacs NW, Elesela S, Malinczak CA. Role of ILC2 in Viral-Induced Lung Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675169. [PMID: 33953732 PMCID: PMC8092393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid type-2 cells (ILC2) are a population of innate cells of lymphoid origin that are known to drive strong Type 2 immunity. ILC2 play a key role in lung homeostasis, repair/remodeling of lung structures following injury, and initiation of inflammation as well as more complex roles during the immune response, including the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. Remarkably, dysregulation of this single population has been linked with chronic lung pathologies, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrotic diseases (IPF). Furthermore, ILC2 have been shown to increase following early-life respiratory viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), that may lead to long-term alterations of the lung environment. The detrimental roles of increased ILC2 following these infections may include pathogenic chronic inflammation and/or alterations of the structural, repair, and even developmental processes of the lung. Respiratory viral infections in older adults and patients with established chronic pulmonary diseases often lead to exacerbated responses, likely due to previous exposures that leave the lung in a dysregulated functional and structural state. This review will focus on the role of ILC2 during respiratory viral exposures and their effects on the induction and regulation of lung pathogenesis. We aim to provide insight into ILC2-driven mechanisms that may enhance lung-associated diseases throughout life. Understanding these mechanisms will help identify better treatment options to limit not only viral infection severity but also protect against the development and/or exacerbation of other lung pathologies linked to severe respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srikanth Elesela
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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25
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Full-length IL-33 regulates Smad3 phosphorylation and gene transcription in a distinctive AP2-dependent manner. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Nemeth J, Schundner A, Quast K, Winkelmann VE, Frick M. A Novel Fibroblast Reporter Cell Line for in vitro Studies of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:567675. [PMID: 33162897 PMCID: PMC7582034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of the lower respiratory tract with restricted therapeutic options. Repetitive injury of the bronchoalveolar epithelium leads to activation of pulmonary fibroblasts, differentiation into myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition resulting in aberrant wound repair. However, detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of fibrotic changes are still elusive. Here, we report the generation of a representative fibroblast reporter cell line (10-4A BFP ) to study pathophysiological mechanisms of IPF in high throughput or high resolution in vitro live cell assays. To this end, we immortalized primary fibroblasts isolated from the distal lung of Sprague-Dawley rats. Molecular and transcriptomic characterization identified clone 10-4A as a matrix fibroblast subpopulation. Mechanical or chemical stimulation induced a reversible fibrotic state comparable to effects observed in primary isolated fibroblasts. Finally, we generated a reporter cell line (10-4A BFP ) to express nuclear blue fluorescent protein (BFP) under the promotor of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (Acta2) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We evaluated the suitability of 10-4A BFP as reporter tool in plate reader assays. In summary, the 10-4A BFP cell line provides a novel tool to study fibrotic processes in vitro to gain new insights into the cellular and molecular processes involved in fibrosis formation and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nemeth
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Quast
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Giovannetti A, Straface E, Rosato E, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144985. [PMID: 32679721 PMCID: PMC7404317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two main subsets of SSc are recognized: (i) diffuse cutaneous SSc with rapidly progressive fibrosis of the skin, lungs, and other internal organs; and (ii) limited cutaneous SSc, which is dominated by vascular manifestations, with skin and organ fibrosis generally limited and slowly progressing. In spite of intense investigation, both etiology and pathogenesis of SSc are still unknown. Genetic and environmental factors, as well as abnormalities of immune functions, are strongly suggested for etiology, while microvascular abnormalities, immune system activation, and oxidative stress are suggested for the pathogenesis. Recently, it has been found that a multitude of mediators and cytokines are implicated in the fibrotic processes observed in SSc. Among these, a central role could be exerted by “alarmins”, endogenous and constitutively expressed proteins/peptides that function as an intercellular signal defense. This review describes, in a detailed manner, the role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Giovannetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3476138512
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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28
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Zharichenko N, Njoku DB. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Regulatory Signaling by IL-33 in the Brain and Liver: A Focused Systematic Review of Mouse and Human Data and Risk of Bias Assessment of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113933. [PMID: 32486265 PMCID: PMC7312033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of proteins that have multiple roles in organ-specific inflammation. Many studies suggest diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this cytokine. Many studies have reported pro-inflammatory roles for IL-33 in innate immune responses involving the heart and lung. Recent studies also describe pro-inflammatory and regulatory roles for IL-33 in the pathogenesis of brain and liver disorders in addition to regulatory roles for this cytokine in the heart and lung. In this focused systematic review, we will review the literature regarding pro-inflammatory and regulatory effects of IL-33 in the brain and liver. We will also assess the potential risk of bias in the published literature in order to uncover gaps in the knowledge that will be useful for the scientific community. We utilized guidelines set by preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic database was PubMed. Eligibility criteria included organ-specific inflammation in mice and humans, organ-specific inflammation in the central nervous and hepatic systems, and IL-33. Outcomes were pro-inflammatory or regulatory effects of IL-33. Risk of bias in individual studies and across studies was addressed by adapting the Cochrane Rob 2.0 tool. We discovered that a source of bias across the studies was a lack of randomization in human studies. Additionally, because the majority of studies were performed in mice, this could be perceived as a potential risk of bias. Regarding the central nervous system, roles for IL-33 in the development and maturation of neuronal circuits were reported; however, exact mechanisms by which this occurred were not elucidated. IL-33 was produced by astrocytes and endothelial cells while IL-33 receptors were expressed by microglia and astrocytes, demonstrating that these cells are first responders for IL-33; however, in the CNS, IL-33 seems to induce Th1 cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α chemokines such as RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IP-10, as well as nitric oxide. In the liver, similar risks of bias were determined because of the lack of randomized controlled trials in humans and because the majority of studies were performed in mice. Interestingly, the strain of mouse utilized in the study seemed to affect the role of IL-33 in liver inflammation. Lastly, similar to the brain, IL-33 appeared to have ST2-independent regulatory functions in the liver. Our results reveal plausible gaps in what is known regarding IL-33 in the pathogenesis of brain and liver disorders. We highlight key studies in the lung and heart as examples of advancements that likely occurred because of countless basic and translational studies in this area. More research is needed in these areas in order to assess the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of IL-33 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Zharichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Dolores B. Njoku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Childrens Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 6349D, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-955-7610
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29
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Jin R, Xu J, Gao Q, Mao X, Yin J, Lu K, Guo Y, Zhang M, Cheng R. IL-33-induced neutrophil extracellular traps degrade fibronectin in a murine model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:33. [PMID: 32377396 PMCID: PMC7198621 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the leading cause of chronic lung disease in preterm neonates. Extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities reshape lung development, contributing to BPD progression. In the present study, we first discovered that the ECM component fibronectin was reduced in the pulmonary tissues of model mice with BPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hyper-oxygen. Meanwhile, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and other inflammatory cytokines were elevated in BPD lung tissues. LPS stimulated the production of IL-33 in alveolar epithelial cells via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), protein 38 (p38), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein 65 (p65). Following the knockout of either IL-33 or its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in mice, BPD disease severity was improved, accompanied by elevated fibronectin. ST2 neutralization antibody also relieved BPD progression and restored the expression of fibronectin. IL-33 induced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which degraded fibronectin in alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, DNase-mediated degradation of NETs was protective against BPD. Finally, a fibronectin inhibitor directly decreased fibronectin and caused BPD-like disease in the mouse model. Our findings may shed light on the roles of IL-33-induced NETs and reduced fibronectin in the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Mao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Yin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Keyu Lu
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
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30
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Xu X, Zhang J, Dai H. IL-25/IL-33/TSLP contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Do alveolar epithelial cells and (myo)fibroblasts matter? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:897-901. [PMID: 32249602 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220915428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We suggest a novel modality in terms of IL-25/IL-33/TSLP's pro-fibrotic role in IPF. First, IL-25/IL-33/TSLP fully activates (myo)fibroblasts in fibroblastic foci (FF) in a paracrine-dependent manner. (IL-25/IL-33/TSLP)+alveolar epithelial cells-(IL-25R/IL-33R/TSLPR)+ (myo)fibroblasts axis may contribute greatly to the abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and lung fibrosis. Second, IL-25/IL-33/TSLP causes significant injury and phenotypic changes of alveolar epithelial cells in an autocrine-dependent manner. By acting directly on the two most important cells in the fibrotic process, i.e. alveolar epithelial cells and (myo)fibroblasts, we support the notion that biological therapies targeting IL-25/IL-33/TSLP will shed new light on the cure of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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31
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Epithelial Alarmins in Serum and Exhaled Breath in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective One-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101590. [PMID: 31581688 PMCID: PMC6832270 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, epithelial alarmins have been shown to play important roles in non-allergen driven respiratory diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Little is known about the expression of the epithelial alarmins in IPF. Methods: This study aimed to prospectively examine interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels in the serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with IPF before and after one-year of antifibrotic treatment. A total of 82 volunteers, including 52 patients diagnosed with IPF that qualified for antifibrotic therapy as well as 30 controls, were examined. All study participants underwent baseline peripheral blood and EBC sampling. In 35 out of 52 IPF subjects, a follow-up sampling was performed after 12 months of antifibrotic treatment. Concentrations of alarmins in the serum and EBC were evaluated by means of ELISA. Results: Baseline TSLP concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with IPF compared to controls both in the serum (p < 0.05) and EBC (p < 0.0001). Baseline IL-25 and IL-33 serum and EBC levels did not differ significantly between IPF subjects and controls. Prospective analysis of changes in the epithelial alarmin levels showed significantly decreased IL-25 and TSLP EBC concentrations after 12 months of antifibrotic treatment (p < 0.05), which was observed in the subgroup of IPF patients treated with pirfenidone, but not in those treated with nintedanib. In stable patients with IPF over a study period (absolute forced vital capacity (FVC) % of predicted decline/year ≤ 5%, n = 25), a significant decrease in the EBC levels of both IL-25 and TSLP after 12 months of antifibrotic treatment was noted (p < 0.05), whereas, in progressor IPF patients (absolute FVC % of predicted decline/year > 5%, n = 10), a significant decrease was noted in the IL-25 EBC levels only (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated TSLP levels in patients with IPF and their significant decrease in the lung compartment during antifibrotic therapy in stable patients with IPF, but not in progressors, support its significant contribution to pro-fibrotic type 2 immune responses in IPF. Noted changes in the epithelial alarmins concentration in the lung compartment during pirfenidone therapy may suggest its possible interaction with epithelial alarmins pathways in IPF.
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32
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Nie Y, Hu Y, Yu K, Zhang D, Shi Y, Li Y, Sun L, Qian F. Akt1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis via modulating IL-13 expression in macrophages. Innate Immun 2019; 25:451-461. [PMID: 31299858 PMCID: PMC6900639 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919861774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial pneumonia characterised by fibroblast accumulation, collagen deposition and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. It was reported that Akt1 mediated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progression through regulating the apoptosis of alveolar macrophage, while its effect on macrophage-produced cytokines remains largely unknown. In the present study, we first examined the phosphorylation of Akt1 in lung sections from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients by immunohistochemistry before applying a bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model using Akt1−/− mice and Akt1+/+ littermates. The results showed that Akt1 was remarkably up-regulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, while in vivo studies revealed that Akt1-deficient mice had well-preserved alveolar structure and fewer collagens, secreted fewer matrix components, including alpha smooth-muscle actin and fibronectin and survived significantly longer than Akt1+/+ littermates. Additionally, the pro-fibrogenic cytokine IL-13 was down-regulated at least twofold in Akt1−/−mice compared to the Akt1+/+group on d 3 and 7 after bleomycin treatment. Furthermore, it was found that Akt1–/– macrophages displayed down-regulation of IL-13 compared to Akt1+/+ macrophages in which Akt1 was phosphorylated in response to IL-33 stimulation. These findings indicate that Akt1 modulates pulmonary fibrosis through inducing IL-13 production by macrophages, suggesting that targeting Akt1 may simultaneously block the fibrogenic processes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Yudong Hu
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 3 Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, PR China
| | - Yinze Shi
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Yaolin Li
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.,3 Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, PR China
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33
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Identification of the IL-33 protein segment that controls subcellular localization, extracellular secretion, and functional maturation. Cytokine 2019; 119:1-6. [PMID: 30856600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activation of the IL-33 precursor, full-length interleukin-33 (FLIL33), at multiple sites within the sensor domain (aa 95-109) yields several functionally mature (MIL33) forms. Unlike nuclear FLIL33, intracellular MIL33 occurs in the cytoplasm, is secreted from source cells, and exerts biological effects by activating the ST2 receptor on target cells. Previous studies and our findings in this report indicated that IL-33 forms that are substantially longer than those produced by cleavage within the sensor domain are biologically indistinguishable from classical MIL33. We utilized a series of human and mouse N-terminal FLIL33 mutants to narrow down the boundaries of the nuclear localization sequence to aa 46-67, a segment known to include a portion of the chromatin-binding motif as well as another site controlling intracellular stability of FLIL33 in an importin-5-dependent fashion. The N-terminal FLIL33 deletion mutants starting prior to this region were intranuclear, non-secreted in cell culture, and manifested modest functional activity in vivo, similar to FLIL33. By contrast, the mutants starting after this region were cytoplasmic, secreted from cells in culture, and overtly biologically active in vivo, similar to MIL33. The deletion mutants starting within this region manifested an intermediate phenotype between FLIL33 and MIL33. Thus, this segment of IL-33 molecule controls multiple aspects of its biology, including subcellular localization, extracellular secretion, and functional maturation into the longest possible form of mature IL-33 cytokine. Future anti-IL-33 therapies may be based on interfering with this segment, thus restraining extracellular release and maturation of IL-33 into the active cytokine.
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Garbern JC, Williams J, Kristl AC, Malick A, Rachmin I, Gaeta B, Ahmed N, Vujic A, Libby P, Lee RT. Dysregulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling and myocardial periarteriolar fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:179-186. [PMID: 30763587 PMCID: PMC6402609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction in the heart and its association with periarteriolar fibrosis may contribute to the diastolic dysfunction seen in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) prevents global myocardial fibrosis in a pressure overloaded left ventricle by acting via its receptor, ST2 (encoded by the gene, Il1rl1); however, whether this cytokine can also modulate periarteriolar fibrosis remains unclear. We utilized two approaches to explore the role of IL-33/ST2 in periarteriolar fibrosis. First, we studied young and old wild type mice to test the hypothesis that IL-33 and ST2 expression change with age. Second, we produced pressure overload in mice deficient in IL-33 or ST2 by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). With age, IL-33 expression increased and ST2 expression decreased. These alterations accompanied increased periarteriolar fibrosis in aged mice. Mice deficient in ST2 but not IL-33 had a significant increase in periarteriolar fibrosis following TAC compared to wild type mice. Thus, loss of ST2 signaling rather than changes in IL-33 expression may contribute to periarteriolar fibrosis during aging or pressure overload, but manipulating this pathway alone may not prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Jason Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Amy C Kristl
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Alyyah Malick
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gaeta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Nafis Ahmed
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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Li L, Zhu H, Zuo X. Interleukin-33 in Systemic Sclerosis: Expression and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2663. [PMID: 30498500 PMCID: PMC6249369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 superfamily, functions as a traditional cytokine and nuclear factor. It is proposed to have an “alarmin” role. IL-33 mediates biological effects by interacting with the ST2 receptor and IL-1 receptor accessory protein, particularly in innate immune cells and T helper 2 cells. Recent articles have described IL-33 as an emerging pro-fibrotic cytokine in the immune system as well as a novel potential target for systemic sclerosis. Here, we review the available information and focus on the pleiotropic expression and pathogenesis of IL-33 in systemic sclerosis, as well as the feasibility of using IL-33 in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Afferni C, Buccione C, Andreone S, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Marone G, Mattei F, Schiavoni G. The Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Functions of IL-33 and Its Implications in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2601. [PMID: 30483263 PMCID: PMC6242976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a IL-1 family member of cytokines exerting pleiotropic activities. In the steady-state, IL-33 is expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast-like cells acting as a nuclear protein. In response to tissue damage, infections or necrosis IL-33 is released in the extracellular space, where it functions as an alarmin for the immune system. Its specific receptor ST2 is expressed by a variety of immune cell types, resulting in the stimulation of a wide range of immune reactions. Recent evidences suggest that different IL-33 isoforms exist, in virtue of proteolytic cleavage or alternative mRNA splicing, with potentially different biological activity and functions. Although initially studied in the context of allergy, infection, and inflammation, over the past decade IL-33 has gained much attention in cancer immunology. Increasing evidences indicate that IL-33 may have opposing functions, promoting, or dampening tumor immunity, depending on the tumor type, site of expression, and local concentration. In this review we will cover the biological functions of IL-33 on various immune cell subsets (e.g., T cells, NK, Treg cells, ILC2, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, DCs, and macrophages) that affect anti-tumor immune responses in experimental and clinical cancers. We will also discuss the possible implications of diverse IL-33 mutations and isoforms in the anti-tumor activity of the cytokine and as possible clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Kotsiou OS, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. IL-33/ST2 Axis in Organ Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 30405626 PMCID: PMC6207585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in barrier sites, acting via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). IL-33/ST2 axis has long been known to play a pivotal role in immunity and cell homeostasis by promoting wound healing and tissue repair. However, it is also involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration lead to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. The aim of the current review is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in organ fibrosis. The role of the axis in tissue remodeling is better understood considering its crucial role reported in organ development and regeneration. Generally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has mainly anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative effects; however, chronic tissue injury is responsible for pro-fibrogenetic responses. Regarding pulmonary fibrosis mature IL-33 enhances pro-fibrogenic type 2 cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner, while full-length IL-33 is also implicated in the pulmonary fibrotic process in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent fashion. In liver fibrosis, evidence indicate that when acute and massive liver damage occurs, the release of IL-33 might act as an activator of tissue-protective mechanisms, while in cases of chronic injury IL-33 plays the role of a hepatic fibrotic factor. IL-33 signaling has also been involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, IL-33 could be used as an early marker for ulcer-associated activated fibroblasts and myofibroblast trans-differentiation; thus one cannot rule out its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated fibrosis. Similarly, the upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 axismay contribute to tubular cell injury and fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of various cell types in the kidneys. Of note, IL-33 exerts a cardioprotective role via ST2 signaling, while soluble ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, IL-33 is a crucial cytokine in skin pathology responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration and morphologic differentiation of human endothelial cells. Overall, emerging data support a novel contribution of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue fibrosis and highlight the significant role of the Th2 pattern of immune response in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
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Xu H, Xu J, Xu L, Jin S, Turnquist HR, Hoffman R, Loughran P, Billiar TR, Deng M. Interleukin-33 contributes to ILC2 activation and early inflammation-associated lung injury during abdominal sepsis. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:935-947. [PMID: 29672927 PMCID: PMC10116412 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as infection with organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response. The lung is one of the most vulnerable organs at the onset of sepsis. Interleukin (IL)-33 can be released by injured epithelial and endothelial cells in the lung and regulate immune activation and infiltration. Therefore, we postulated that IL-33 would contribute to the immune response in the lung during sepsis. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, we show here that IL-33 contributes significantly to both sepsis-induced inflammation in the lung and systemic inflammatory response in the early phase of sepsis. Despite the higher intra-peritoneal bacterial burden, the absence of IL-33 resulted in less infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the lungs in association with lower circulating, lung and liver cytokine levels as well as reduced lung injury at 6 h after sepsis. IL-33 was required for the upregulation of IL-5 in type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2), while IL-5 neutralization suppressed neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the lungs during CLP sepsis. This reduction in leukocyte infiltration in IL-33-deficient mice was reversed by administration of recombinant IL-5. These results indicate that IL-33 plays a major role in the local inflammatory changes in the lung, in part, by regulating IL-5 and this axis contributes to lung injury early after the onset of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rosemary Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Altara R, Ghali R, Mallat Z, Cataliotti A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Conflicting vascular and metabolic impact of the IL-33/sST2 axis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1578-1594. [PMID: 29982301 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra- and extracellularly to either enhance or resolve the inflammatory response. Intracellular IL-33 acts in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Once released from cells by mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines, or necrosis, extracellular IL-33 is proteolytically processed to act in an autocrine/paracrine manner as an 'alarmin' on neighbouring or various immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor. Thus, IL-33 may serve an important role in tissue preservation and repair in response to injury; however, the actions of IL-33 are dampened by a soluble form of ST2 (sST2) that acts as a decoy receptor and is produced by endothelial and certain immune cells. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that sST2 is a biomarker of vascular health with diagnostic and/or prognostic value in various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, giant-cell arteritis, acute aortic dissection, and ischaemic stroke, as well as obesity and diabetes. Although sST2 levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease severity, the assumption that IL-33 is always beneficial is naïve. It is increasingly appreciated that the pathophysiological importance of IL-33 is highly dependent on cellular and temporal expression. Although IL-33 is atheroprotective and may prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism, IL-33 appears to drive endothelial inflammation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the IL-33/ST2/sST2 signalling network and discuss its pathophysiological and translational implications in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
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Li Y, Shi J, Qi S, Zhang J, Peng D, Chen Z, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. IL-33 facilitates proliferation of colorectal cancer dependent on COX2/PGE 2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:196. [PMID: 30119635 PMCID: PMC6098640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-33 (IL-33) participates in various types of diseases including cancers. Previous studies of this cytokine in cancers mainly focused on its regulation on immune responses by which IL-33 modulated cancer progression. The IL-33 triggered signals in cancer cells remain unclear. Methods We analyzed IL-33 gene expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and carried out gene enrichment analysis with TCGA Data Portal. We studied CRC proliferation in vivo by inoculating MC38 tumors in IL-33 transgenic mice. We investigated the cell proliferation in vitro with primary CRC cells isolated from fresh human CRC tissues, human CRC cell line HT-29 and mouse CRC cell line MC38. To evaluate the proliferation modulating effects of recombinant IL-33 incubation and other administrated factors, we measured tumor growth, colony formation, cell viability, and the expression of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We used several inhibitors, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) neutralizing antibody, ST2 blocking antibody and specific shRNA expressing plasmid to study the pathway mediating IL-33-induced CRC proliferation. The IL-33 receptor ST2 in human CRC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. The ST2-positive or negative subsets of primary CRC cells were acquired by flow cytometry sorting. Results We found that IL-33 expression was correlated with the gene signature of cell proliferation in 394 human CRC samples. The MC38 tumors grew more rapidly and the tumor Ki67 and PCNA were expressed at higher levels in IL-33 transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. IL-33 promoted cell growth, colony formation and expression of Ki67 and PCNA in primary CRC cells as well as CRC cell lines. IL-33 activated cycloxygenase-2 (COX2) expression and increased PGE2 production, whereas the COX2 selective inhibitor and PGE2 neutralizing antibody abolished the proliferation promoting effect of IL-33. ST2 blockade, ST2-negative sorting, NF-κB specific inhibitor and NF-κB specific shRNA (shP65) abrogated the COX2 induction caused by IL-33. Conclusion IL-33 facilitates proliferation of colorectal cancer dependent on COX2/PGE2. IL-33 functions via its receptor ST2 and upregulates COX2 expression through NF-κB signaling. Understanding the IL-33 signal transduction in CRC cells provides potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0839-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dong Peng
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Kumar R, Graham B. IL-33-HIF1α Axis in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:8-9. [PMID: 30049389 PMCID: PMC6085541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Fanny M, Nascimento M, Baron L, Schricke C, Maillet I, Akbal M, Riteau N, Le Bert M, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Gombault A, Même S, Même W, Couillin I. The IL-33 Receptor ST2 Regulates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis to Bleomycin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 29988569 PMCID: PMC6026799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, devastating, and yet untreatable fibrotic disease of unknown origin. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an IL-1 family member acts as an alarmin with pro-inflammatory properties when released after stress or cell death. Here, we investigated the role of IL-33 in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced inflammation and fibrosis model using mice IL-33 receptor [chain suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)] mice compared with C57BL/6 wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, 24 h post-BLM treatment ST2-deficient mice displayed augmented inflammatory cell recruitment, in particular by neutrophils, together with enhanced levels of chemokines and remodeling factors in the bronchoalveolar space and/or the lungs. At 11 days, lung remodeling and fibrosis were decreased with reduced M2 macrophages in the lung associated with M2-like cytokine profile in ST2-deficient mice, while lung cellular inflammation was decreased but with fluid retention (edema) increased. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis demonstrates a rapid development of edema detectable at day 7, which was increased in the absence of ST2. Our results demonstrate that acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation leads to the development of an IL-33/ST2-dependent lung fibrosis associated with the production of M2-like polarization. In addition, non-invasive MRI revealed enhanced inflammation with lung edema during the development of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in absence of ST2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoussa Fanny
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | | | - Ludivine Baron
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | | | | | - Myriam Akbal
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Même
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - William Même
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UPR4301, Orleans, France
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Artlett CM. The IL-1 family of cytokines. Do they have a role in scleroderma fibrosis? Immunol Lett 2018; 195:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kong IG, Kim DW. Pathogenesis of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Emerging Role of Innate Immune Cells. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e6. [PMID: 29732233 PMCID: PMC5928419 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a major part of the recalcitrant inflammatory diseases of the upper airway that needs enormous socioeconomic burden. T helper (Th) 2 type immune responses recruiting eosinophils were the most well-known immune players in CRS pathogenesis especially in western countries. By the piling up of a vast amount of researches to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of CRS recently, heterogeneous inflammatory processes were found to be related to the phenotypes of CRS. Recently more cells other than T cells were in the focus of CRS pathogenesis, such as the epithelial cell, macrophage, innate lymphoid cells, and neutrophils. Here, we reviewed the recent research focusing on the innate immune cells related to CRS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Gyu Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
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46
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Clerman A, Noor Z, Fishelevich R, Lockatell V, Hampton BS, Shah NG, Salcedo MV, Todd NW, Atamas SP, Luzina IG. The full-length interleukin-33 (FLIL33)-importin-5 interaction does not regulate nuclear localization of FLIL33 but controls its intracellular degradation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21653-21661. [PMID: 29127199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mature IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family and a potent regulator of immunity through its pro-T helper cell 2 activity. Its precursor form, full-length interleukin-33 (FLIL33), is an intranuclear protein in many cell types, including fibroblasts, and its intracellular levels can change in response to stimuli. However, the mechanisms controlling the nuclear localization of FLIL33 or its stability in cells are not understood. Here, we identified importin-5 (IPO5), a member of the importin family of nuclear transport proteins, as an intracellular binding partner of FLIL33. By overexpressing various FLIL33 protein segments and variants in primary human lung fibroblasts and HEK293T cells, we show that FLIL33, but not mature interleukin-33, physically interacts with IPO5 and that this interaction localizes to a cluster of charged amino acids (positions 46-56) but not to an adjacent segment (positions 61-67) in the FLIL33 N-terminal region. siRNA-mediated IPO5 knockdown in cell culture did not affect nuclear localization of FLIL33. However, the IPO5 knockdown significantly decreased the intracellular levels of overexpressed FLIL33, reversed by treatment with the 20S proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Furthermore, FLIL33 variants deficient in IPO5 binding remained intranuclear and exhibited decreased levels, which were also restored by the bortezomib treatment. These results indicate that the interaction between FLIL33 and IPO5 is localized to a specific segment of the FLIL33 protein, is not required for nuclear localization of FLIL33, and protects FLIL33 from proteasome-dependent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian S Hampton
- the Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases & Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | | | | | - Nevins W Todd
- From the Department of Medicine and.,the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- From the Department of Medicine and .,the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Irina G Luzina
- From the Department of Medicine and.,the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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47
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Han L, Zhang M, Liang X, Jia X, Jia J, Zhao M, Fan Y. Interleukin-33 promotes inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis via ST2/TRAF6-mediated Akt/eNOS/NO signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10602. [PMID: 28878285 PMCID: PMC5587532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammation and lymphangiogenesis is mediated by various cytokines. However, most of these molecules and their associated mechanism are yet to be defined. Here, we explored the role of IL-33 in modulating inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis (ILA) and its underlying mechanisms using an ILA mouse model and a lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) line. Our results show that IL-33 promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of LECs and ILA in vivo. The pro-lymphangiogenic activity of IL-33 was abolished by ST2 blockage. In mechanisms, IL-33 induced the phosphorylation of Akt/eNOS to produce NO in LECs. The IL-33-induced Akt/eNOS activation was suppressed by the PI3K-specific-inhibitor wortmannin, and NO-production was inhibited by both wortmannin and the NO synthase-inhibitor NMA. Knock-down of ST2 or TRAF6 suppressed Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. The reduction of NO treated with wortmannin or NMA abolished the promoting effects of IL-33 on the chemotactic motility and tube formation of HDLECs. In vivo, IL-33-induced ILA was also impaired in eNOS−/− mice. In conclusion, our study is the first to show that IL-33 promotes inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis via a ST2/TRAF6-mediated Akt/eNOS/NO signalling pathway. This findings may provide us more opportunities to treat inflammation and lymphangiogenesis associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Han
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China. .,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital/Eye Institute, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Minglian Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China.
| | - Xu Liang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China
| | - Jinchen Jia
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China
| | - Miying Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China
| | - Yiming Fan
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye institute, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054001, China
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48
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Shalaby KH, Al Heialy S, Tsuchiya K, Farahnak S, McGovern TK, Risse PA, Suh WK, Qureshi ST, Martin JG. The TLR4-TRIF pathway can protect against the development of experimental allergic asthma. Immunology 2017; 152:138-149. [PMID: 28502093 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor proteins myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll, interleukin-1 receptor and resistance protein (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) comprise the two principal limbs of the TLR signalling network. We studied the role of these adaptors in the TLR4-dependent inhibition of allergic airway disease and induction of CD4+ ICOS+ T cells by nasal application of Protollin™, a mucosal adjuvant composed of TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Wild-type (WT), Trif-/- or Myd88-/- mice were sensitized to birch pollen extract (BPEx), then received intranasal Protollin followed by consecutive BPEx challenges. Protollin's protection against allergic airway disease was TRIF-dependent and MyD88-independent. TRIF deficiency diminished the CD4+ ICOS+ T-cell subsets in the lymph nodes draining the nasal mucosa, as well as their recruitment to the lungs. Overall, TRIF deficiency reduced the proportion of cervical lymph node and lung CD4+ ICOS+ Foxp3- cells, in particular. Adoptive transfer of cervical lymph node cells supported a role for Protollin-induced CD4+ ICOS+ cells in the TRIF-dependent inhibition of airway hyper-responsiveness. Hence, our data demonstrate that stimulation of the TLR4-TRIF pathway can protect against the development of allergic airway disease and that a TRIF-dependent adjuvant effect on CD4+ ICOS+ T-cell responses may be a contributing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Shalaby
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kimitake Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Soroor Farahnak
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul-Andre Risse
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lee JU, Chang HS, Lee HJ, Jung CA, Bae DJ, Song HJ, Park JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Seo KH, Park CS. Upregulation of interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28202030 PMCID: PMC5312598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses mediated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been shown to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis of animal models; however, their clinical implications remain poorly understood. METHODS TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from normal controls (NCs; n = 40) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 100), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 20), and sarcoidosis (n = 19). RESULTS The TSLP and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF relative to the NCs (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively), NSIP (p = 4.95E - 7 and p = 0.0002, respectively), HP (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.000005, respectively), and sarcoidosis groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, the IL-25 levels were not significantly different between NC and IPF group (p = 0.432). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the TSLP and IL-33 levels revealed clear differences between the IPF and NC groups (AUC = 0.655 and 0.706, respectively), as well as between the IPF and the other lung disease groups (AUC = 0.786 and 0.781, respectively). Cut-off values of 3.52 pg/μg TSLP and 3.77 pg/μg IL-33 were shown to differentiate between the IPF and NC groups with 99.2 and 94.3% accuracy. Cut-off values of 4.66 pg/μg TSLP and 2.52 pg/μg IL-33 possessed 99.4 and 93.2% accuracy for differentiating among the IPF and other interstitial lung disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Innate immune responses may be associated with the development of IPF. Furthermore, the IL-33 and TSLP levels in BAL fluids may be useful for differentiating IPF from other chronic interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chang An Jung
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Bae
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Seo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. .,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea. .,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-767, Korea.
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50
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Kim DW, Cho SH. Emerging Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Application to Precision Medicine. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:299-306. [PMID: 28497916 PMCID: PMC5446944 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with various underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms which translate to endotypes, in contrast to clinical phenotypes or histological subtypes. Defining endotypes can help clinicians predict disease prognosis, select subjects suitable for a specific therapy, and assess risks for comorbid conditions, including asthma. Therefore, with recent advancement of biologicals in CRS clinical trials, endotyping can be a breakthrough in treating recalcitrant CRS. CRS is caused by dysregulated immunologic responses to external stimuli, which induce various inflammatory mediators from inflammatory cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T lymphocytes as well as epithelial cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, which are mainly secreted by epithelial cells in response to external stimuli, act on type 2 ILCs and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, inducing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production is also a signature event in nasal polyps (NP). These inflammatory mediators are novel potential therapeutic targets for recalcitrant CRS. This article reviews recent publications regarding endotypes and endotype-based therapeutic strategies in CRS and NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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