1
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Zhang K, Zakeri A, Alban T, Dong J, Ta HM, Zalavadia AH, Branicky A, Zhao H, Juric I, Husich H, Parthasarathy PB, Rupani A, Drazba JA, Chakraborty AA, Ching-Cheng Huang S, Chan T, Avril S, Wang LL. VISTA promotes the metabolism and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by STAT3 and polyamine-dependent mechanisms. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113661. [PMID: 38175754 PMCID: PMC10851928 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) impair antitumor immune responses. Identifying regulatory circuits during MDSC development may bring new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. We report that the V-domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) functions as a key enabler of MDSC differentiation. VISTA deficiency reduced STAT3 activation and STAT3-dependent production of polyamines, which causally impaired mitochondrial respiration and MDSC expansion. In both mixed bone marrow (BM) chimera mice and myeloid-specific VISTA conditional knockout mice, VISTA deficiency significantly reduced tumor-associated MDSCs but expanded monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced T cell-mediated tumor control. Correlated expression of VISTA and arginase-1 (ARG1), a key enzyme supporting polyamine biosynthesis, was observed in multiple human cancer types. In human endometrial cancer, co-expression of VISTA and ARG1 on tumor-associated myeloid cells is associated with poor survival. Taken together, these findings unveil the VISTA/polyamine axis as a central regulator of MDSC differentiation and warrant therapeutically targeting this axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Zhang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amin Zakeri
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Alban
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hieu M Ta
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ajay H Zalavadia
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrelie Branicky
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haoxin Zhao
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Juric
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hanna Husich
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Prerana B Parthasarathy
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Rupani
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Judy A Drazba
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Chan
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Li Lily Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Duggal S, Rawat S, Siddqui G, Vishwakarma P, Samal S, Banerjee A, Vrati S. Dengue virus infection in mice induces bone marrow myeloid cell differentiation and generates Ly6Glow immature neutrophils with modulated functions. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:130-148. [PMID: 37648666 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While neutrophil activation during dengue virus infection is known, the effect of dengue virus infection on neutrophil biogenesis has not been studied. We demonstrate that dengue virus serotype 2 induces the differentiation of mice progenitor cells ex vivo toward the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ granulocyte population. We further observed an expansion of CD11b+Ly6CintLy6Glow myeloid cells in the bone marrow of dengue virus serotype 2-infected AG129 mice with low CXCR2 expression, implying an immature population. Additionally, dengue virus serotype 2 alone could induce the differentiation of promyelocyte cell line HL-60 into neutrophil-like cells, as evidenced by increased expression of CD10, CD66b, CD16, CD11b, and CD62L, corroborating the preferential shift toward neutrophil differentiation by dengue virus serotype 2 in the mouse model of dengue infection. The functional analysis showed that dengue virus serotype 2-induced neutrophil-like cells exhibited reduced phagocytic activity and enhanced NETosis, as evidenced by the increased production of myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histones, extracellular DNA, and superoxide. These neutrophil-like cells lose their ability to proliferate irreversibly and undergo arrest in the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle. Further studies show that myeloperoxidase-mediated signaling operating through the reactive oxygen species axis may be involved in dengue virus serotype 2-induced proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells as ABAH, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, limits cell proliferation in vitro and ex vivo, affects the cell cycle, and reduces reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, myeloperoxidase inhibitor reduced NETosis and vascular leakage in dengue virus serotype 2-infected AG129 mice. Our study thus provides evidence that dengue virus serotype 2 can accelerate the differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells into neutrophils through myeloperoxidase and modulate their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Duggal
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Rawat
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gazala Siddqui
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Influenza and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
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3
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Ahmad MH, Hegde M, Wong WJ, Mohammadhosseini M, Garrett L, Carrascoso A, Issac N, Ebert B, Silva JC, Pihan G, Zhu LJ, Wolfe SA, Agarwal A, Liu PP, Castilla LH. Runx1-R188Q germ line mutation induces inflammation and predisposition to hematologic malignancies in mice. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7304-7318. [PMID: 37756546 PMCID: PMC10711191 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ line mutations in the RUNX1 gene cause familial platelet disorder (FPD), an inherited disease associated with lifetime risk to hematopoietic malignancies (HM). Patients with FPD frequently show clonal expansion of premalignant cells preceding HM onset. Despite the extensive studies on the role of RUNX1 in hematopoiesis, its function in the premalignant bone marrow (BM) is not well-understood. Here, we characterized the hematopoietic progenitor compartments using a mouse strain carrying an FPD-associated mutation, Runx1R188Q. Immunophenotypic analysis showed an increase in the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the Runx1R188Q/+ mice. However, the comparison of Sca-1 and CD86 markers suggested that Sca-1 expression may result from systemic inflammation. Cytokine profiling confirmed the dysregulation of interferon-response cytokines in the BM. Furthermore, the expression of CD48, another inflammation-response protein, was also increased in Runx1R188Q/+ HSPCs. The DNA-damage response activity of Runx1R188Q/+ hematopoietic progenitor cells was defective in vitro, suggesting that Runx1R188Q may promote genomic instability. The differentiation of long-term repopulating HSCs was reduced in Runx1R188Q/+ recipient mice. Furthermore, we found that Runx1R188Q/+ HSPCs outcompete their wild-type counterparts in bidirectional repopulation assays, and that the genetic makeup of recipient mice did not significantly affect the clonal dynamics under this setting. Finally, we demonstrate that Runx1R188Q predisposes to HM in cooperation with somatic mutations found in FPDHM, using 3 mouse models. These studies establish a novel murine FPDHM model and demonstrate that germ line Runx1 mutations induce a premalignant phenotype marked by BM inflammation, selective expansion capacity, defective DNA-damage response, and predisposition to HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafiz Ahmad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Waihay J. Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Mona Mohammadhosseini
- School of Medicine Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Lisa Garrett
- Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anneliese Carrascoso
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Neethu Issac
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Benjamin Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - German Pihan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lihua J. Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Scot A. Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- School of Medicine Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR
| | - P. Paul Liu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lucio H. Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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4
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Jackson WD, Giacomassi C, Ward S, Owen A, Luis TC, Spear S, Woollard KJ, Johansson C, Strid J, Botto M. TLR7 activation at epithelial barriers promotes emergency myelopoiesis and lung antiviral immunity. eLife 2023; 12:e85647. [PMID: 37566453 PMCID: PMC10465127 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are heterogeneous innate effector leukocytes generated in the bone marrow and released into circulation in a CCR2-dependent manner. During infection or inflammation, myelopoiesis is modulated to rapidly meet the demand for more effector cells. Danger signals from peripheral tissues can influence this process. Herein we demonstrate that repetitive TLR7 stimulation via the epithelial barriers drove a potent emergency bone marrow monocyte response in mice. This process was unique to TLR7 activation and occurred independently of the canonical CCR2 and CX3CR1 axes or prototypical cytokines. The monocytes egressing the bone marrow had an immature Ly6C-high profile and differentiated into vascular Ly6C-low monocytes and tissue macrophages in multiple organs. They displayed a blunted cytokine response to further TLR7 stimulation and reduced lung viral load after RSV and influenza virus infection. These data provide insights into the emergency myelopoiesis likely to occur in response to the encounter of single-stranded RNA viruses at barrier sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jackson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chiara Giacomassi
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sophie Ward
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amber Owen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiago C Luis
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Spear
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica Strid
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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5
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Ling B, Xu Y, Qian S, Xiang Z, Xuan S, Wu J. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells differentiation, self-renewal, and quiescence through the mTOR signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1186850. [PMID: 37228652 PMCID: PMC10203478 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1186850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are important for the hematopoietic system because they can self-renew to increase their number and differentiate into all the blood cells. At a steady state, most of the HSCs remain in quiescence to preserve their capacities and protect themselves from damage and exhaustive stress. However, when there are some emergencies, HSCs are activated to start their self-renewal and differentiation. The mTOR signaling pathway has been shown as an important signaling pathway that can regulate the differentiation, self-renewal, and quiescence of HSCs, and many types of molecules can regulate HSCs' these three potentials by influencing the mTOR signaling pathway. Here we review how mTOR signaling pathway regulates HSCs three potentials, and introduce some molecules that can work as the regulator of HSCs' these potentials through the mTOR signaling. Finally, we outline the clinical significance of studying the regulation of HSCs three potentials through the mTOR signaling pathway and make some predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunyang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Qian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Dongtai City, Dongtai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Giordano D, Kuley R, Draves KE, Elkon KB, Giltiay NV, Clark EA. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) from dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils is required for B cell maturation and autoantibody production in SLE-like autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1050528. [PMID: 36923413 PMCID: PMC10009188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose and methods B cell-activating factor (BAFF) contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although several anti-BAFF Abs and derivatives have been developed for the treatment of SLE, the specific sources of BAFF that sustain autoantibody (auto-Ab) producing cells have not been definitively identified. Using BAFF-RFP reporter mice, we identified major changes in BAFF-producing cells in two mouse spontaneous lupus models (Tlr7 Tg mice and Sle1), and in a pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model. Results First, we confirmed that similar to their wildtype Tlr7 Tg and Sle1 mice counterparts, BAFF-RFP Tlr7 Tg mice and BAFF-RFP Sle1 mice had increased BAFF serum levels, which correlated with increases in plasma cells and auto-Ab production. Next, using the RFP reporter, we defined which cells had dysregulated BAFF production. BAFF-producing neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), cDCs, T cells and B cells were all expanded in the spleens of BAFF-RFP Tlr7 Tg mice and BAFF-RFP Sle1 mice compared to controls. Furthermore, Ly6Chi inflammatory MOs and T cells had significantly increased BAFF expression per cell in both spontaneous lupus models, while CD8- DCs up-regulated BAFF expression only in the Tlr7 Tg mice. Similarly, pristane injection of BAFF-RFP mice induced increases in serum BAFF levels, auto-Abs, and the expansion of BAFF-producing Nphs, MOs, and DCs in both the spleen and peritoneal cavity. BAFF expression in MOs and DCs, in contrast to BAFF from Nphs, was required to maintain homeostatic and pristane-induced systemic BAFF levels and to sustain mature B cell pools in spleens and BMs. Although acting through different mechanisms, Nph, MO and DC sources of BAFF were each required for the development of auto-Abs in PIL mice. Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of considering the relative roles of specific myeloid BAFF sources and B cell niches when developing treatments for SLE and other BAFF-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniela Giordano,
| | - Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevin E. Draves
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Keith B. Elkon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natalia V. Giltiay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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7
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Marins-Dos-Santos A, Ayres-Silva JDP, Antunes D, Moreira CJDC, Pelajo-Machado M, Alfaro D, Zapata AG, Bonomo AC, Savino W, de Meis J, Farias-de-Oliveira DA. Oral Trypanosoma cruzi Acute Infection in Mice Targets Primary Lymphoid Organs and Triggers Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:800395. [PMID: 35402296 PMCID: PMC8990980 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.800395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the acute phase of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi circulation through the bloodstream leads to high tissue parasitism in the host. In primary lymphoid organs, progenitor cell reduction paralleled transient immunosuppression. Herein we showed that acute oral infection in mice promotes diffuse parasitism in bone marrow cells at 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi), with perivascular regions, intravascular regions, and regions near the bone being target sites of parasite replication. Phenotypic analysis of hematopoietic differentiation in the bone marrow of infected mice showed that the cell number in the tissue is decreased (lineage-negative and lineage-positive cells). Interestingly, analysis of hematopoietic branching points showed that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were significantly increased at 14 dpi. In addition, the pool of progenitors with stem plasticity (HSC-MPP3), as well as multipotent progenitors (MPPs) such as MPP4, also showed this pattern of increase. In contrast, subsequent progenitors that arise from MPPs, such as common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), lymphoid-primed MPPs (LMPPs), and myeloid progenitors, were not enhanced; conversely, all presented numeric decline. Annexin V staining revealed that cell death increase in the initial hematopoietic branching point probably is not linked to CLPs and that myeloid progenitors decreased at 14 and 21 dpi. In parallel, our investigation provided clues that myeloid progenitor decrease could be associated with an atypical expression of Sca-1 in this population leading to a remarkable increase on LSK-like cells at 14 dpi within the HSPC compartment. Finally, these results led us to investigate HSPC presence in the spleen as a phenomenon triggered during emergency hematopoiesis due to mobilization or expansion of these cells in extramedullary sites. Splenocyte analysis showed a progressive increase in HSPCs between 14 and 21 dpi. Altogether, our study shows that the bone marrow is a target tissue in T. cruzi orally infected mice, leading to a hematopoietic disturbance with LSK-like cell bias accounting on HSPCs possibly affecting myeloid progenitor numbers. The LMPP and CLP reduction converges with defective thymocyte development. Lastly, it is tempting to speculate that the extramedullary hematopoiesis seen in the spleen is a mechanism involved in the hematological maintenance reported during the acute phase of oral T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marins-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dina Antunes
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Alfaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín G. Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Cesar Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wilson Savino, ; ; Désio Aurélio Farias-de-Oliveira, ;
| | - Juliana de Meis
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Désio Aurélio Farias-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wilson Savino, ; ; Désio Aurélio Farias-de-Oliveira, ;
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8
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Orozco SL, Canny SP, Hamerman JA. Signals governing monocyte differentiation during inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 73:16-24. [PMID: 34411882 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells that develop in the bone marrow and are continually released into circulation, where they are poised to enter tissues in response to homeostatic or inflammatory cues. Monocytes are highly plastic cells that can differentiate in tissues into a variety of monocyte-derived cells to replace resident tissue macrophages, promote inflammatory responses, or resolution of inflammation. As such, monocytes can support tissue homeostasis as well as productive and pathogenic immune responses. Recent work shows previously unappreciated heterogeneity in monocyte development and differentiation in the steady state and during infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. Monocyte-derived cells can differentiate via signals from cytokines, pattern recognition receptors or other factors, which can influence development in the bone marrow or in tissues. An improved understanding of these monocyte-derived cells and the signals that drive their differentiation in distinct inflammatory settings could allow for targeting these pathways in pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Orozco
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA
| | - Susan P Canny
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle 98109, WA, USA.
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9
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Jütte BB, Krollmann C, Cieslak K, Koerber RM, Boor P, Graef CM, Bartok E, Wagner M, Carell T, Landsberg J, Aymans P, Wenzel J, Brossart P, Teichmann LL. Intercellular cGAMP transmission induces innate immune activation and tissue inflammation in Trex1 deficiency. iScience 2021; 24:102833. [PMID: 34368651 PMCID: PMC8326191 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular transmission of the second messenger 2′,3′-cGAMP, synthesized by the viral DNA sensor cGAMP synthase (cGAS), is a potent mode of bystander activation during host defense. However, whether this mechanism also contributes to cGAS-dependent autoimmunity remains unknown. Here, using a murine bone marrow transplantation strategy, we demonstrate that, in Trex1−/−-associated autoimmunity, cGAMP shuttling from radioresistant to immune cells induces NF-κB activation, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, and subsequent interferon signaling. cGAMP travel prevented myeloid cell and lymphocyte death, promoting their accumulation in secondary lymphoid tissue. Nonetheless, it did not stimulate B cell differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasmablasts or aberrant T cell priming. Although cGAMP-mediated bystander activation did not induce spontaneous organ disease, it did trigger interface dermatitis after UV light exposure, similar to cutaneous lupus erythematosus. These findings reveal that, in Trex1-deficiency, intercellular cGAMP transfer propagates cGAS signaling and, under conducive conditions, causes tissue inflammation. In Trex1−/−-associated autoimmunity radioresistant cells transfer cGAMP to immune cells cGAMP shuttling induces NF-κB activation, IRF3 and IFN signaling in vivo Intercellular cGAMP transmission is sufficient to cause UV skin inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca B. Jütte
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Calvin Krollmann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Cieslak
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claus M. Graef
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mirko Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Pia Aymans
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lino L. Teichmann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author
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10
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Brook B, Harbeson DJ, Shannon CP, Cai B, He D, Ben-Othman R, Francis F, Huang J, Varankovich N, Liu A, Bao W, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Schaltz-Buchholzer F, Sanca L, Golding CN, Larsen KL, Levy O, Kampmann B, Tan R, Charles A, Wynn JL, Shann F, Aaby P, Benn CS, Tebbutt SJ, Kollmann TR, Amenyogbe N. BCG vaccination-induced emergency granulopoiesis provides rapid protection from neonatal sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/542/eaax4517. [PMID: 32376769 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Death from sepsis in the neonatal period remains a serious threat for millions. Within 3 days of administration, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can reduce mortality from neonatal sepsis in human newborns, but the underlying mechanism for this rapid protection is unknown. We found that BCG was also protective in a mouse model of neonatal polymicrobial sepsis, where it induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) within hours of administration. This was necessary and sufficient to drive emergency granulopoiesis (EG), resulting in a marked increase in neutrophils. This increase in neutrophils was directly and quantitatively responsible for protection from sepsis. Rapid induction of EG after BCG administration also occurred in three independent cohorts of human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Danny J Harbeson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Daniel He
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.,PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Freddy Francis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Joe Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Natallia Varankovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Aaron Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Winnie Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,OPEN, Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Science, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lilica Sanca
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christian N Golding
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kristina Lindberg Larsen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.,Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Rusung Tan
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine and Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adrian Charles
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine and Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - James L Wynn
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610-0296, USA
| | - Frank Shann
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,OPEN, Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Science, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, British Columbia, 10th floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Room 10117, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
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11
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Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Areas covered: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.Expert opinion: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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12
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Lei Y, Guerra Martinez C, Torres-Odio S, Bell SL, Birdwell CE, Bryant JD, Tong CW, Watson RO, West LC, West AP. Elevated type I interferon responses potentiate metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in mtDNA mutator mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe7548. [PMID: 34039599 PMCID: PMC8153723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of inflammatory responses in human disease. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in mitochondria-innate immune cross-talk contribute to the pathobiology of mitochondrial disorders and aging. Using the polymerase gamma (POLG) mutator model of mitochondrial DNA instability, we report that aberrant activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) innate immune axis potentiates immunometabolic dysfunction, reduces health span, and accelerates aging in mutator mice. Mechanistically, elevated IFN-I signaling suppresses activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which increases oxidative stress, enhances proinflammatory cytokine responses, and accelerates metabolic dysfunction. Ablation of IFN-I signaling attenuates hyperinflammatory phenotypes by restoring NRF2 activity and reducing aerobic glycolysis, which combine to lessen cardiovascular and myeloid dysfunction in aged mutator mice. These findings further advance our knowledge of how mitochondrial dysfunction shapes innate immune responses and provide a framework for understanding mitochondria-driven immunopathology in POLG-related disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Camila Guerra Martinez
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Samantha L Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Christine E Birdwell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Bryant
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Carl W Tong
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Laura Ciaccia West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - A Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
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13
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CD86-based analysis enables observation of bona fide hematopoietic responses. Blood 2021; 136:1144-1154. [PMID: 32438398 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a system that provides red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and platelets, which are essential for oxygen transport, biodefense, and hemostasis; its balance thus affects the outcome of various disorders. Here, we report that stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), a cell surface marker commonly used for the identification of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells; LSKs), is not suitable for the analysis of hematopoietic responses under biological stresses with interferon production. Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+ cells (LKs), downstream progenitors of LSKs, acquire Sca-1 expression upon inflammation, which makes it impossible to distinguish between LSKs and LKs. As an alternative and stable marker even under such stresses, we identified CD86 by screening 180 surface markers. The analysis of infection/inflammation-triggered hematopoiesis on the basis of CD86 expression newly revealed urgent erythropoiesis producing stress-resistant RBCs and intact reconstitution capacity of LSKs, which could not be detected by conventional Sca-1-based analysis.
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14
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Abstract
Blood is generated throughout life by continued proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, while at the top of the hierarchy, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent. This way HSCs avoid senescence and preserve their capacity to repopulate the hematopoietic system. But HSCs are not always quiescent, proliferating extensively in conditions such as those found in the fetal liver. Understanding the elusive mechanisms that regulate HSC fate would enable us to comprehend a crucial piece of HSC biology and pave the way for ex-vivo HSC expansion with clear clinical benefit. Here we review how metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress condition impact HSCs decision to self-renew or differentiate and how these signals integrate into the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We argue that the bone marrow microenvironment continuously favors differentiation through the activation of the mTOR complex (mTORC)1 signaling, while the fetal liver microenvironment favors self-renewal through the inverse mechanism. In addition, we also postulate that strategies that have successfully achieved HSC expansion, directly or indirectly, lead to the inactivation of mTORC1. Finally, we propose a mechanism by which mTOR signaling, during cell division, conditions HSC fate. This mechanism has already been demonstrated in mature hematopoietic cells (T-cells), that face a similar decision after activation, either undergoing clonal expansion or differentiation.
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15
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Gupta S, Kaplan MJ. Bite of the wolf: innate immune responses propagate autoimmunity in lupus. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144918. [PMID: 33529160 PMCID: PMC7843222 DOI: 10.1172/jci144918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, multifactorial interplay between underlying genetic susceptibility factors and the environment. Prominent pathogenic factors include the induction of aberrant cell death pathways coupled with defective cell death clearance mechanisms that promote excessive externalization of modified cellular and nuclear debris with subsequent loss of tolerance to a wide variety of autoantigens and innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. While abnormalities in adaptive immunity are well recognized and are key to the pathogenesis of SLE, recent findings have emphasized fundamental roles of the innate immune system in the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity and the development of organ damage in this disease. This Review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of components of the innate immune system, specifically neutrophils and interferons, in promoting various aspects of lupus pathogenesis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Mustelin T, Ukadike KC. How Retroviruses and Retrotransposons in Our Genome May Contribute to Autoimmunity in Rheumatological Conditions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593891. [PMID: 33281822 PMCID: PMC7691656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 human disorders include various manifestations of autoimmunity. The molecular events that lead to these diseases are still incompletely understood and their causes remain largely unknown. Numerous potential triggers of autoimmunity have been proposed over the years, but very few of them have been conclusively confirmed or firmly refuted. Viruses have topped the lists of suspects for decades, and it seems that many viruses, including those of the Herpesviridae family, indeed can influence disease initiation and/or promote exacerbations by a number of mechanisms that include prolonged anti-viral immunity, immune subverting factors, and mechanisms, and perhaps “molecular mimicry”. However, no specific virus has yet been established as being truly causative. Here, we discuss a different, but perhaps mechanistically related possibility, namely that retrotransposons or retroviruses that infected us in the past and left a lasting copy of themselves in our genome still can provoke an escalating immune response that leads to autoimmune disease. Many of these loci still encode for retroviral proteins that have retained some, or all, of their original functions. Importantly, these endogenous proviruses cannot be eliminated by the immune system the way it can eliminate exogenous viruses. Hence, if not properly controlled, they may drive a frustrated and escalating chronic, or episodic, immune response to the point of a frank autoimmune disorder. Here, we discuss the evidence and the proposed mechanisms, and assess the therapeutic options that emerge from the current understanding of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Mustelin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kennedy C Ukadike
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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17
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Acharya M, Raso F, Sagadiev S, Gilbertson E, Kadavy L, Li QZ, Yan M, Stuart LM, Hamerman JA, Lacy-Hulbert A. B Cell αv Integrins Regulate TLR-Driven Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1810-1818. [PMID: 32859730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is defined by loss of B cell tolerance, resulting in production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and other cellular Ags. Aberrant activation of TLRs by self-derived RNA and DNA is strongly associated with SLE in patients and in mouse models, but the mechanism by which TLR signaling to self-ligands is regulated remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that αv integrin plays a critical role in regulating B cell TLR signaling to self-antigens in mice. We show that deletion of αv from B cells accelerates autoantibody production and autoimmune kidney disease in the Tlr7.1 transgenic mouse model of SLE. Increased autoimmunity was associated with specific expansion of transitional B cells, extrafollicular IgG2c-producing plasma cells, and activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Our data show that αv-mediated regulation of TLR signaling in B cells is critical for preventing autoimmunity and indicate that loss of αv promotes escape from tolerance. Thus, we identify a new regulatory pathway in autoimmunity and elucidate upstream signals that adjust B cell activation to prevent development of autoimmunity in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Acharya
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Fiona Raso
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Emily Gilbertson
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Lauren Kadavy
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Quan Z Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lynda M Stuart
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101.,Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Adam Lacy-Hulbert
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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18
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Maurer B, Brandstoetter T, Kollmann S, Sexl V, Prchal-Murphy M. Inducible deletion of CDK4 and CDK6 - deciphering CDK4/6 inhibitor effects in the hematopoietic system. Haematologica 2020; 106:2624-2632. [PMID: 32855282 PMCID: PMC8485667 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.256313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are considered a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Currently approved for breast cancer treatment, CDK4/6 inhibitors are extensively tested in other cancer subtypes. Frequently observed side effects include hematological abnormalities such as reduced numbers of neutrophils, erythroid cells and platelets that are associated with anemia, bleedings and a higher risk of infections. To understand whether the adverse effects within the hematopoietic system are related to CDK4 or CDK6 we generated transgenic mice that lack either CDK4 or CDK6 in adult hematopoiesis. Anemia and perturbed erythroid differentiation are associated with the absence of CDK6 but did not manifest in CDK4-deficient mice. Total CDK6 knockout mice accumulate the most dormant fraction of hematopoietic stem cells due to an impaired exit of the quiescent state. We recapitulated this finding by deleting CDK6 in adult hematopoiesis. In addition, unlike total CDK6 knockout, all stem cell fractions were affected and increased in numbers. The deletion of CDK6 was also accompanied by neutropenia which is frequently seen in patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors. This was not the case in the absence of CDK4; CDK4 deficiency resulted in elevated numbers of myeloid progenitors without translating into numeric changes of differentiated myeloid cells. By using Cdk4 fl/fl and Cdk6 fl/fl mice we assign side effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors predominantly to the absence of CDK6. These mice represent a novel and powerful tool that will enable to study the distinct functions of CDK4 and CDK6 in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tania Brandstoetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Soni C, Perez OA, Voss WN, Pucella JN, Serpas L, Mehl J, Ching KL, Goike J, Georgiou G, Ippolito GC, Sisirak V, Reizis B. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Type I Interferon Promote Extrafollicular B Cell Responses to Extracellular Self-DNA. Immunity 2020; 52:1022-1038.e7. [PMID: 32454024 PMCID: PMC7306002 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Class-switched antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are prevalent and pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet mechanisms of their development remain poorly understood. Humans and mice lacking secreted DNase DNASE1L3 develop rapid anti-dsDNA antibody responses and SLE-like disease. We report that anti-DNA responses in Dnase1l3-/- mice require CD40L-mediated T cell help, but proceed independently of germinal center formation via short-lived antibody-forming cells (AFCs) localized to extrafollicular regions. Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and IFN-I-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) facilitate the differentiation of DNA-reactive AFCs in vivo and in vitro and are required for downstream manifestations of autoimmunity. Moreover, the endosomal DNA sensor TLR9 promotes anti-dsDNA responses and SLE-like disease in Dnase1l3-/- mice redundantly with another nucleic acid-sensing receptor, TLR7. These results establish extrafollicular B cell differentiation into short-lived AFCs as a key mechanism of anti-DNA autoreactivity and reveal a major contribution of pDCs, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and IFN-I to this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William N Voss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joseph N Pucella
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lee Serpas
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justin Mehl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Krystal L Ching
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jule Goike
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpt, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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20
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Dysregulation of TLR9 in neonates leads to fatal inflammatory disease driven by IFN-γ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3074-3082. [PMID: 31980536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911579117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of self-nucleic acids by innate immune receptors can lead to the development of autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases. Elucidating mechanisms associated with dysregulated activation of specific receptors may identify new disease correlates and enable more effective therapies. Here we describe an aggressive in vivo model of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 dysregulation, based on bypassing the compartmentalized activation of TLR9 in endosomes, and use it to uncover unique aspects of TLR9-driven disease. By inducing TLR9 dysregulation at different stages of life, we show that while dysregulation in adult mice causes a mild systemic autoinflammatory disease, dysregulation of TLR9 early in life drives a severe inflammatory disease resulting in neonatal fatality. The neonatal disease includes some hallmarks of macrophage activation syndrome but is much more severe than previously described models. Unlike TLR7-mediated disease, which requires type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling, TLR9-driven fatality is dependent on IFN-γ receptor signaling. NK cells are likely key sources of IFN-γ in this model. We identify populations of macrophages and Ly6Chi monocytes in neonates that express high levels of TLR9 and low levels of TLR7, which may explain why TLR9 dysregulation is particularly consequential early in life, while symptoms of TLR7 dysregulation take longer to manifest. Overall, this study demonstrates that inappropriate TLR9 responses can drive a severe autoinflammatory disease under homeostatic conditions and highlights differences in the diseases resulting from inappropriate activation of TLR9 and TLR7.
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21
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Akilesh HM, Buechler MB, Duggan JM, Hahn WO, Matta B, Sun X, Gessay G, Whalen E, Mason M, Presnell SR, Elkon KB, Lacy-Hulbert A, Barnes BJ, Pepper M, Hamerman JA. Chronic TLR7 and TLR9 signaling drives anemia via differentiation of specialized hemophagocytes. Science 2019; 363:363/6423/eaao5213. [PMID: 30630901 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytopenias are an important clinical problem associated with inflammatory disease and infection. We show that specialized phagocytes that internalize red blood cells develop in Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven inflammation. TLR7 signaling caused the development of inflammatory hemophagocytes (iHPCs), which resemble splenic red pulp macrophages but are a distinct population derived from Ly6Chi monocytes. iHPCs were responsible for anemia and thrombocytopenia in TLR7-overexpressing mice, which have a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-like disease. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), associated with MAS, participated in TLR7-driven iHPC differentiation. We also found iHPCs during experimental malarial anemia, in which they required endosomal TLR and MyD88 signaling for differentiation. Our findings uncover a mechanism by which TLR7 and TLR9 specify monocyte fate and identify a specialized population of phagocytes responsible for anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Akilesh
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew B Buechler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William O Hahn
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bharati Matta
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Xizhang Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Griffin Gessay
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Mason
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott R Presnell
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keith B Elkon
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Lacy-Hulbert
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Wang T, Marken J, Chen J, Tran VB, Li QZ, Li M, Cerosaletti K, Elkon KB, Zeng X, Giltiay NV. High TLR7 Expression Drives the Expansion of CD19 +CD24 hiCD38 hi Transitional B Cells and Autoantibody Production in SLE Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1243. [PMID: 31231380 PMCID: PMC6559307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) drives the production of type I IFN and promotes the activation of autoreactive B cells and is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While TLR7 has been extensively studied in murine lupus, much less is known about its role in the pathogenesis of human SLE. Genetic studies support a link between the TLR7 rs3853839 C/G polymorphism, which affects TLR7 mRNA turnover, and SLE susceptibility; however, the effects of this polymorphism on B cells have not been studied. Here we determined how changes in TLR7 expression affect peripheral B cells and auto-Ab production in SLE patients. High TLR7 expression in SLE patients driven by TLR7 rs3853839 C/G polymorphism was associated with more active disease and upregulation of IFN-responsive genes. TLR7hi SLE patients showed an increase in peripheral B cells. Most notably, the percentage and numbers of CD19+CD24++CD38++ newly-formed transitional (TR) B cells were increased in TLR7hi SLE patients as compared to HCs and TLR7norm/lo SLE patients. Using auto-Ab arrays, we found an increase and enrichment of auto-Ab specificities in the TLR7hi SLE group, including the production of anti-RNA/RNP-Abs. Upon in vitro TLR7 ligand stimulation, TR B cells isolated from TLR7hi but not TLR7norm/lo SLE patients produced anti-nuclear auto-Abs (ANA). Exposure of TR B cells isolated from cord blood to IFNα induced the expression of TLR7 and enabled their activation in response to TLR7 ligation in vitro. Our study shows that overexpression of TLR7 in SLE patients drives the expansion of TR B cells. High TLR7 signaling in TR B cells promotes auto-Ab production, supporting a possible pathogenic role of TR B cells in human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John Marken
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Janice Chen
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Van Bao Tran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Keith B Elkon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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23
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Mustelin T, Lood C, Giltiay NV. Sources of Pathogenic Nucleic Acids in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1028. [PMID: 31139185 PMCID: PMC6519310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several related autoimmune diseases, is the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as well as elevated type I interferons (IFNs), which appear to be instrumental in disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss the sources and proposed mechanisms by which a range of cellular RNA and DNA species can become pathogenic and trigger the nucleic acid sensors that drive type I interferon production. Potentially SLE-promoting DNA may originate from pieces of chromatin, from mitochondria, or from reverse-transcribed cellular RNA, while pathogenic RNA may arise from mis-localized, mis-processed, ancient retroviral, or transposable element-derived transcripts. These nucleic acids may leak out from dying cells to be internalized and reacted to by immune cells or they may be generated and remain to be sensed intracellularly in immune or non-immune cells. The presence of aberrant DNA or RNA is normally counteracted by effective counter-mechanisms, the loss of which result in a serious type I IFN-driven disease called Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome. However, in SLE it remains unclear which mechanisms are most critical in precipitating disease: aberrant RNA or DNA, overly sensitive sensor mechanisms, or faulty counter-acting defenses. We propose that the clinical heterogeneity of SLE may be reflected, in part, by heterogeneity in which pathogenic nucleic acid molecules are present and which sensors and pathways they trigger in individual patients. Elucidation of these events may result in the recognition of distinct "endotypes" of SLE, each with its distinct therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Mustelin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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24
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McCoy KD, Thomson CA. The Impact of Maternal Microbes and Microbial Colonization in Early Life on Hematopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 200:2519-2526. [PMID: 29632252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All body surfaces are colonized by microbes, which occurs through a dynamic process over the first few years of life. Initial colonizing microbes are transferred from the maternal microbiota to the newborn through vertical transmission. Postnatal maturation of the immune system is heavily influenced by these microbes, particularly during early life. Although microbial-mediated education of the immune system is better understood at mucosal sites, recent data indicate that the systemic immune system is also shaped by the microbiota. Bacterial products and metabolites produced through microbial metabolism can reach distal sites, and metabolites derived from the maternal microbiota can cross the placenta and are present in milk. Recent studies show that the microbiota can even influence immune development in primary lymphoid organs like the bone marrow. This review outlines our current knowledge of how the microbiota can impact hematopoiesis, with a focus on the effects of maternal and early-life microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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25
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Chu T, Ni M, Chen C, Akilesh S, Hamerman JA. Cutting Edge: BCAP Promotes Lupus-like Disease and TLR-Mediated Type I IFN Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2529-2534. [PMID: 30936294 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus severity correlates with elevated serum levels of type I IFNs, cytokines produced in large quantities by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in response to engagement of TLR7 and TLR9 with endocytosed nucleic acids. B cell adaptor for PI3K (BCAP) promoted many aspects of TLR7-driven lupus-like disease, including Isg15 and Ifit1 expression in blood and an immature pDC phenotype associated with higher IFN production. BCAP-/- mice produced significantly less serum IFN-α than wild-type mice after injection of TLR9 agonist, and BCAP promoted TLR7 and TLR9-induced IFN-α production specifically in pDC. TLR-induced IFN-α production in pDC requires DOCK2-mediated activation of Rac1 leading to activation of IKKα, a mechanism we show was dependent on BCAP. BCAP-/- pDC had decreased actin polymerization and Rac1 activation and reduced IKKα phosphorylation upon TLR9 stimulation. We show a novel role for BCAP in promoting TLR-induced IFN-α production in pDC and in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talyn Chu
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Minjian Ni
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Chunmo Chen
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
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26
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Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Zegarra-Ruiz DF, El Beidaq A, Iñiguez AJ, Lubrano Di Ricco M, Manfredo Vieira S, Ruff WE, Mubiru D, Fine RL, Sterpka J, Greiling TM, Dehner C, Kriegel MA. A Diet-Sensitive Commensal Lactobacillus Strain Mediates TLR7-Dependent Systemic Autoimmunity. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 25:113-127.e6. [PMID: 30581114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Western lifestyle is linked to autoimmune and metabolic diseases, driven by changes in diet and gut microbiota composition. Using Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we dissect dietary effects on the gut microbiota and find that Lactobacillus reuteri can drive autoimmunity but is ameliorated by dietary resistant starch (RS). Culture of internal organs and 16S rDNA sequencing revealed TLR7-dependent translocation of L. reuteri in mice and fecal enrichment of Lactobacillus in a subset of SLE patients. L. reuteri colonization worsened autoimmune manifestations under specific-pathogen-free and gnotobiotic conditions, notably increasing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and interferon signaling. However, RS suppressed the abundance and translocation of L. reuteri via short-chain fatty acids, which inhibited its growth. Additionally, RS decreased pDCs, interferon pathways, organ involvement, and mortality. Thus, RS exerts beneficial effects in lupus-prone hosts through suppressing a pathobiont that promotes interferon pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Clostridiaceae
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Diet
- Diet Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Germ-Free Life
- Glomerulonephritis/pathology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lactobacillus/drug effects
- Lactobacillus/genetics
- Lactobacillus/pathogenicity
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/microbiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/mortality
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Starch
- Survival Rate
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Zegarra-Ruiz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Asmaa El Beidaq
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alonso J Iñiguez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Silvio Manfredo Vieira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - William E Ruff
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Derek Mubiru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rebecca L Fine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Sterpka
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Teri M Greiling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carina Dehner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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28
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Beshara R, Sencio V, Soulard D, Barthélémy A, Fontaine J, Pinteau T, Deruyter L, Ismail MB, Paget C, Sirard JC, Trottein F, Faveeuw C. Alteration of Flt3-Ligand-dependent de novo generation of conventional dendritic cells during influenza infection contributes to respiratory bacterial superinfection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007360. [PMID: 30372491 PMCID: PMC6224179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections contribute to the excess morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Disruption of lung integrity and impaired antibacterial immunity during IAV infection participate in colonization and dissemination of the bacteria out of the lungs. One key feature of IAV infection is the profound alteration of lung myeloid cells, characterized by the recruitment of deleterious inflammatory monocytes. We herein report that IAV infection causes a transient decrease of lung conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) (both cDC1 and cDC2) peaking at day 7 post-infection. While triggering emergency monopoiesis, IAV transiently altered the differentiation of cDCs in the bone marrow, the cDC1-biaised pre-DCs being particularly affected. The impaired cDC differentiation during IAV infection was independent of type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-6 and was not due to an intrinsic dysfunction of cDC precursors. The alteration of cDC differentiation was associated with a drop of local and systemic production of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L), a critical cDC differentiation factor. Overexpression of Flt3-L during IAV infection boosted the cDC progenitors' production in the BM, replenished cDCs in the lungs, decreased inflammatory monocytes' infiltration and lowered lung damages. This was associated with partial protection against secondary pneumococcal infection, as reflected by reduced bacterial dissemination and prolonged survival. These findings highlight the impact of distal viral infection on cDC genesis in the BM and suggest that Flt3-L may have potential applications in the control of secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranin Beshara
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Josette Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thibault Pinteau
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Christophe Paget
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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Smith CK, Trinchieri G. The interplay between neutrophils and microbiota in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:701-715. [PMID: 30044897 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0418-151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in many diseases including cancer has gained increasing attention. Paired with this is our expanding appreciation for the heterogeneity of the neutrophil compartment regarding surface marker expression and functionality. In this review, we will discuss the influence of the microbiota on granulopoiesis and consequent activity of neutrophils in cancer. As evidence for this microbiota-neutrophil-cancer axis builds, it exposes new therapeutic targets to improve a cancer patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne K Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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30
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Liu Y, Seto NL, Carmona-Rivera C, Kaplan MJ. Accelerated model of lupus autoimmunity and vasculopathy driven by toll-like receptor 7/9 imbalance. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000259. [PMID: 29765617 PMCID: PMC5950641 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Activation of endosomal toll-like receptor (TLR)7 or TLR9 has been proposed as a critical step for the initiation and development of SLE. Traditional spontaneous lupus models normally introduce multiple risk alleles, thereby adding additional confounding factors. In the induced lupus models, the role of TLR9 remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of an imbalance between TLR7 and TLR9 pathways in the pathogenesis of lupus and its associated vasculopathy using the imiquimod model in TLR9 KO/B6 background. Methods Wild type (WT) and Tlr9-/- mice were epicutaneously treated with imiquimod cream 5% on both ears three times per week for indicated times. At euthanasia, mice were analysed for organ involvement, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, serum autoantibodies, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Results Compared with the lupus-like phenotype that develops in imiquimod-treated WT mice, Tlr9-/- mice exposed to imiquimod have increased severity of autoimmunity features and inflammatory phenotype that develops at earlier stages. These abnormalities are characterised by enhanced TLR7 expression and immune activation, increased immune complex deposition, Th1 T cells and dendritic cell kidney infiltration and significant impairments in endothelial function. Modulation of TLR7 expression was observed in the Tlr9-/- mice. Conclusions These findings further underscore the protective role of TLR9 in TLR7-driven autoimmunity and also in the development of vasculopathy, further strengthening the importance of tightly manipulating TLRs in putative therapeutic strategies. This study provides a new model of accelerated lupus phenotype driven by danger-associated molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nickie L Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Kanter JE, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Duggan JM, Shimizu-Albergine M, Kothari V, Chait A, Bouman SD, Hamerman JA, Hansen BF, Olsen GS, Bornfeldt KE. A Novel Strategy to Prevent Advanced Atherosclerosis and Lower Blood Glucose in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes 2018; 67:946-959. [PMID: 29483182 PMCID: PMC5909997 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin therapy is often needed to improve glycemic control, but it does not clearly prevent atherosclerosis. Upon binding to the insulin receptor (IR), insulin activates distinct arms of downstream signaling. The IR-Akt arm is associated with blood glucose lowering and beneficial effects, whereas the IR-Erk arm might exert less desirable effects. We investigated whether selective activation of the IR-Akt arm, leaving the IR-Erk arm largely inactive, would result in protection from atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. The insulin mimetic peptide S597 lowered blood glucose and activated Akt in insulin target tissues, mimicking insulin's effects, but only weakly activated Erk and even prevented insulin-induced Erk activation. Strikingly, S597 retarded atherosclerotic lesion progression through a process associated with protection from leukocytosis, thereby reducing lesional accumulation of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes. S597-mediated protection from leukocytosis was accompanied by reduced numbers of the earliest bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and reduced IR-Erk activity in hematopoietic stem cells. This study provides a conceptually novel treatment strategy for advanced atherosclerosis associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Bo F Hansen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Grith S Olsen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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32
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Khan N, Divangahi M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection Brings Fire and Fury to Macrophages. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:1851-1853. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Khan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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33
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Lasseaux C, Fourmaux MP, Chamaillard M, Poulin LF. Type I interferons drive inflammasome-independent emergency monocytopoiesis during endotoxemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16935. [PMID: 29209091 PMCID: PMC5717267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency monocytopoiesis is an inflammation-driven hematological process that supplies the periphery with monocytes and subsequently with macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms by which early bone marrow myeloid progenitors commit to monocyte-derived phagocytes during endotoxemia remains elusive. Herein, we show that type I interferons signaling promotes the differentiation of monocyte-derived phagocytes at the level of their progenitors during a mouse model of endotoxemia. In this model, we characterized early changes in the numbers of conventional dendritic cells, monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells and their respective precursors. While loss of caspase-1/11 failed to impair a shift toward monocytopoiesis, we observed sustained type-I-IFN-dependent monocyte progenitors differentiation in the bone marrow correlated to an accumulation of Mo-APCs in the spleen. Importantly, IFN-alpha and -beta were found to efficiently generate the development of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells while having no impact on the precursor activity of conventional dendritic cells. Consistently, the LPS-driven decrease of conventional dendritic cells and their direct precursor occurred independently of type-I-IFN signaling in vivo. Our characterization of early changes in mononuclear phagocytes and their dependency on type I IFN signaling during sepsis opens the way to the development of treatments for limiting the immunosuppressive state associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Lasseaux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Fourmaux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lionel Franz Poulin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Hammami A, Abidin BM, Charpentier T, Fabié A, Duguay AP, Heinonen KM, Stäger S. HIF-1α is a key regulator in potentiating suppressor activity and limiting the microbicidal capacity of MDSC-like cells during visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006616. [PMID: 28892492 PMCID: PMC5608422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is known to induce myelopoiesis and to dramatically increase extramedullary myelopoiesis. This results in splenomegaly, which is then accompanied by disruption of the splenic microarchitecture, a chronic inflammatory environment, and immunosuppression. Chronically inflamed tissues are typically hypoxic. The role of hypoxia on myeloid cell functions during visceral leishmaniasis has not yet been studied. Here we show that L. donovani promotes the output from the bone marrow of monocytes with a regulatory phenotype that function as safe targets for the parasite. We also demonstrate that splenic myeloid cells acquire MDSC-like function in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. HIF-1α is also involved in driving the polarization towards M2-like macrophages and rendering intermediate stage monocytes more susceptible to L. donovani infection. Our results suggest that HIF-1α is a major player in the establishment of chronic Leishmania infection and is crucial for enhancing immunosuppressive functions and lowering leishmanicidal capacity of myeloid cells. The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani causes chronic infection in the spleen, which is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory environment, an enlargement of the organ, and immunosuppression. The environment of chronically inflamed tissues is characterized by low oxygen levels and tissue disruption, which induce the expression of the transcription factor HIF-1α in all cells. The kinetics of monocyte production and differentiation in the bone marrow and the spleen, and the role of hypoxia in myeloid cell functions during visceral leishmaniasis have not yet been studied. Here we show that L. donovani promotes the output from the bone marrow of monocytes with a regulatory phenotype that function as safe targets for the parasite. We also demonstrate that HIF-1α potentiates inhibitory functions of myeloid cells and is involved in driving the polarization towards M2-like macrophages and rendering them more susceptible to L. donovani infection. Our results suggest that HIF-1α is a major player in the establishment of chronic Leishmania infection and is crucial for enhancing immunosuppressive functions and lowering leishmanicidal capacity of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil Hammami
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Tania Charpentier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Aymeric Fabié
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Annie-Pier Duguay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Krista M. Heinonen
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Host-Parasite interactions, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada
- * E-mail:
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35
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Abidin BM, Hammami A, Stäger S, Heinonen KM. Infection-adapted emergency hematopoiesis promotes visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006422. [PMID: 28787450 PMCID: PMC5560750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of the immune system are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. HSCs become activated in response to stress, such as acute infections, which adapt the bone marrow output to the needs of the immune response. However, the impact of infection-adapted HSC activation and differentiation on the persistence of chronic infections is poorly understood. We have examined here the bone marrow outcome of chronic visceral leishmaniasis and show that the parasite Leishmania donovani induces HSC expansion and skews their differentiation towards non-classical myeloid progenitors with a regulatory phenotype. Our results further suggest that emergency hematopoiesis contributes to the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis, as decreased HSC expansion results in a lower parasite burden. Conversely, monocytes derived in the presence of soluble factors from the infected bone marrow environment are more permissive to infection by Leishmania. Our results demonstrate that L. donovani is able to subvert host bone marrow emergency responses to facilitate parasite persistence, and put forward hematopoiesis as a novel therapeutic target in chronic infections. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the generation of all blood cells and thus play an important but often underappreciated role in the host response to infections. HSCs are normally dormant, but they can become activated in response to stress, such as infections. This stress response is meant to generate more blood cells and help the body to eliminate the invading pathogen. We have studied here the activation of HSCs in a mouse model of chronic infection with the parasite Leishmania donovani. We found that the parasite efficiently activates HSCs and steers them to produce large numbers of specific blood cells that are among the preferred targets of the parasite and become even more susceptible to infection when produced within the diseased environment. Using a mouse strain in which HSC activation cannot be sustained, we found that diminished HSC activity correlated with decreased parasite numbers. We therefore propose that HSC activation by the parasite promotes the infection and could be used as a new target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Melda Abidin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Akil Hammami
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Host-Parasite interactions, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Krista M. Heinonen
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Host-Parasite interactions, Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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36
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Nickerson KM, Wang Y, Bastacky S, Shlomchik MJ. Toll-like receptor 9 suppresses lupus disease in Fas-sufficient MRL Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173471. [PMID: 28278279 PMCID: PMC5344451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic deficiency in TLR9 accelerates pathogenesis in the spontaneous polygenic MRL.Faslpr murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, despite the absence of anti-nucleosome autoantibodies. However, it could be argued that this result was dependent on Fas-deficiency rather than lupus-promoting genes in the MRL genetic background. Here we report the effects of TLR9 deficiency on autoimmune disease independent of the lpr mutation in Fas by characterizing Tlr9-/- and Tlr9+/+ mice on the Fas-intact MRL/+ genetic background. By 30 weeks of age, Tlr9-deficient MRL/+ had more severe renal disease, increased T cell activation, and higher titers of anti-Sm and anti-RNA autoantibodies than Tlr9-intact animals, as had been the case in the MRL.Faslpr model. In addition, Tlr9-deficient MRL/+ mice had increased numbers of germinal center phenotype B cells and an increase in splenic neutrophils and conventional dendritic cell populations. Thus, the disease accelerating effects of Tlr9 deficiency are separable from those mediated by the Fas mutation in the lupus-prone MRL genetic background. Nonetheless, disease acceleration in Tlr9-deficient MRL/+ mice was phenotypically distinct from that in Fas-deficient counterparts, which has important implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Nickerson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheldon Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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37
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Linz BML, Neely CJ, Kartchner LB, Mendoza AE, Khoury AL, Truax A, Sempowski G, Eitas T, Brickey J, Ting JPY, Cairns BA, Maile R. Innate Immune Cell Recovery Is Positively Regulated by NLRP12 during Emergency Hematopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2426-2433. [PMID: 28159904 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With enhanced concerns of terrorist attacks, dual exposure to radiation and thermal combined injury (RCI) has become a real threat with devastating immunosuppression. NLRP12, a member of the NOD-like receptor family, is expressed in myeloid and bone marrow cells and was implicated as a checkpoint regulator of inflammatory cytokines, as well as an inflammasome activator. We show that NLRP12 has a profound impact on hematopoietic recovery during RCI by serving as a checkpoint of TNF signaling and preventing hematopoietic apoptosis. Using a mouse model of RCI, increased NLRP12 expression was detected in target tissues. Nlrp12-/- mice exhibited significantly greater mortality, an inability to fight bacterial infection, heightened levels of proinflammatory cytokines, overt granulocyte/monocyte progenitor cell apoptosis, and failure to reconstitute peripheral myeloid populations. Anti-TNF Ab administration improved peripheral immune recovery. These data suggest that NLRP12 is essential for survival after RCI by regulating myelopoiesis and immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M L Linz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Crystal J Neely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Laurel B Kartchner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - April E Mendoza
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Amal L Khoury
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Agnieszka Truax
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - Timothy Eitas
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - June Brickey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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38
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A Transcription Factor Pulse Can Prime Chromatin for Heritable Transcriptional Memory. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00372-16. [PMID: 27920256 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00372-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term and long-term transcriptional memory is the phenomenon whereby the kinetics or magnitude of gene induction is enhanced following a prior induction period. Short-term memory persists within one cell generation or in postmitotic cells, while long-term memory can survive multiple rounds of cell division. We have developed a tissue culture model to study the epigenetic basis for long-term transcriptional memory (LTTM) and subsequently used this model to better understand the epigenetic mechanisms that enable heritable memory of temporary stimuli. We find that a pulse of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) induces LTTM on a subset of target genes that survives nine cell divisions. The chromatin landscape at genes that acquire LTTM is more repressed than at those genes that do not exhibit memory, akin to a latent state. We show through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chemical inhibitor studies that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation is important for establishing memory in this model but that Pol II itself is not retained as part of the memory mechanism. More generally, our work reveals that a transcription factor involved in lineage specification can induce LTTM and that failure to rerepress chromatin is one epigenetic mechanism underlying transcriptional memory.
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BCAP inhibits proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors in the steady state and during demand situations. Blood 2017; 129:1503-1513. [PMID: 28087538 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-719823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell adaptor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (BCAP) is a signaling adaptor expressed in mature hematopoietic cells, including monocytes and neutrophils. Here we investigated the role of BCAP in the homeostasis and development of these myeloid lineages. BCAP-/- mice had more bone marrow (BM) monocytes than wild-type (WT) mice, and in mixed WT:BCAP-/- BM chimeras, monocytes and neutrophils skewed toward BCAP-/- origin, showing a competitive advantage for BCAP-/- myeloid cells. BCAP was expressed in BM hematopoietic progenitors, including lineage-Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK), common myeloid progenitor, and granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells. At the steady state, BCAP-/- GMP cells expressed more IRF8 and less C/EBPα than did WT GMP cells, which correlated with an increase in monocyte progenitors and a decrease in granulocyte progenitors among GMP cells. Strikingly, BCAP-/- progenitors proliferated and produced more myeloid cells of both neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage lineages than did WT progenitors in myeloid colony-forming unit assays, supporting a cell-intrinsic role of BCAP in inhibiting myeloid proliferation and differentiation. Consistent with these findings, during cyclophosphamide-induced myeloablation or specific monocyte depletion, BCAP-/- mice replenished circulating monocytes and neutrophils earlier than WT mice. During myeloid replenishment after cyclophosphamide-induced myeloablation, BCAP-/- mice had increased LSK proliferation and increased numbers of LSK and GMP cells compared with WT mice. Furthermore, BCAP-/- mice accumulated more monocytes and neutrophils in the spleen than did WT mice during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Together, these data identify BCAP as a novel inhibitor of myelopoiesis in the steady state and of emergency myelopoiesis during demand conditions.
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Weindel CG, Richey LJ, Mehta AJ, Shah M, Huber BT. Autophagy in Dendritic Cells and B Cells Is Critical for the Inflammatory State of TLR7-Mediated Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1081-1092. [PMID: 28031336 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from autoimmune disorders possess a hyperactive cellular phenotype where tolerance to self-antigens is lost. Autophagy has been implicated in both the induction and prevention of autoimmunity, and modulators of this cellular recycling process hold high potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we determine the effects of a loss of autophagy in dendritic cells (DCs), as well as both B cells and DCs, in a TLR7-mediated model of autoimmunity, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, where both cell types are critical for disease. Although a loss of DC autophagy slowed disease, the combined loss of autophagy in both cell types resulted in a lethal sepsis-like environment, which included tissue inflammation and hyperproduction of inflammasome-associated cytokines. Ablation of B cell signaling reversed this phenotype, indicating that activation of these cells is an essential step in disease induction. Thus, autophagy plays a dichotomous role in this model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi G Weindel
- Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Lauren J Richey
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and
| | - Abhiruchi J Mehta
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Mansi Shah
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Brigitte T Huber
- Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111; .,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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Gao S, Yuan L, Wang Y, Hua C. Enhanced expression of TREM-1 in splenic cDCs in lupus prone mice and it was modulated by miRNA-150. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:127-134. [PMID: 27940256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Over activation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) contributes to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is emerging as a potent amplifier of the inflammatory responses. We sought to determine the expression level of TREM-1 on cDCs in a mice model of SLE and to identify miRNA which could modulate TREM-1 expression. In the present study, TREM-1 expression in splenocytes and on cDCs was strongly up-regulated in vivo, and was enhanced with LPS stimulation in vitro. Blockade of TREM-1 signal impaired the TLR4-induced cytokines production. These indicated that TREM-1 potently amplified the function of TLR4 which enhanced the inflammation responses. A common set of dysregulated miRNAs (miRNA-98, -150 and -494) were identified in splenocytes of mice. Moreover, the results of bioinformatics and the immunoblotting, demonstrated that miRNA-150 inhibited the expression of TREM-1. Together, these data suggested that TREM-1 signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target to prevent the effects of the inflammatory cDCs in SLE and miRNA-150 serves as the important regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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TLR9-mediated inflammation drives a Ccr2-independent peripheral monocytosis through enhanced extramedullary monocytopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10944-9. [PMID: 27621476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524487113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells that interact with their environment through the expression of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Both monocytes and TLRs are implicated in driving persistent inflammation in autoimmune diseases. However, cell-intrinsic mechanisms to control inflammation, including TLR tolerance, are thought to limit inflammatory responses in the face of repeated TLR activation, leaving it unclear how chronic TLR-mediated inflammation is maintained in vivo. Herein, we used a well-characterized model of systemic inflammation to determine the mechanisms allowing sustained TLR9 responses to develop in vivo. Monocytes were identified as the main TLR9-responsive cell and accumulated in peripherally inflamed tissues during TLR9-driven inflammation. Intriguingly, canonical mechanisms controlling monocyte production and localization were altered during the systemic inflammatory response, as accumulation of monocytes in the liver and spleen developed in the absence of dramatic increases in bone marrow monocyte progenitors and was independent of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (Ccr2). Instead, TLR9-driven inflammation induced a Ccr2-independent expansion of functionally enhanced extramedullary myeloid progenitors that correlated with the peripheral accumulation of monocytes in both wild-type and Ccr2(-/-) mice. Our data implicate inflammation-induced extramedullary monocytopoiesis as a peripheral source of newly produced TLR9 responsive monocytes capable of sustaining chronic TLR9 responses in vivo. These findings help to explain how chronic TLR-mediated inflammation may be perpetuated in autoimmune diseases and increase our understanding of how monocytes are produced and positioned during systemic inflammatory responses.
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43
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Buechler MB, Akilesh HM, Hamerman JA. Cutting Edge: Direct Sensing of TLR7 Ligands and Type I IFN by the Common Myeloid Progenitor Promotes mTOR/PI3K-Dependent Emergency Myelopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2577-82. [PMID: 27566824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During infection, recognition of pathogens and inflammatory cytokines skews hematopoiesis toward myeloid development, although the precise mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. In this study, we show that accelerated myeloid differentiation, known as emergency myelopoiesis, involves recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and is dependent on type I IFN for monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Direct sensing of TLR agonists by CMP induced rapid proliferation and induction of myeloid-differentiation genes. Lack of type I IFN signaling in CMP abrogated macrophage differentiation in response to TLR stimuli, whereas exogenous type I IFN amplified this process. Mechanistically, TLR7 induced PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in CMP, which was enhanced by type I IFN, and this pathway was essential for emergency myelopoiesis. This work identifies a novel mechanism by which TLR and type I IFN synergize to promote monocyte/macrophage development from hematopoietic progenitors, a process critical in triggering rapid immune responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Holly M Akilesh
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
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44
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Ghosh D, Wikenheiser DJ, Kennedy B, McGovern KE, Stuart JD, Wilson EH, Stumhofer JS. An Atypical Splenic B Cell Progenitor Population Supports Antibody Production during Plasmodium Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1788-800. [PMID: 27448588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function to replenish the immune cell repertoire under steady-state conditions and in response to inflammation due to infection or stress. Whereas the bone marrow serves as the primary niche for hematopoiesis, extramedullary mobilization and differentiation of HSPCs occur in the spleen during acute Plasmodium infection, a critical step in the host immune response. In this study, we identified an atypical HSPC population in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice, with a lineage(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) (LSK(-)) phenotype that proliferates in response to infection with nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X. Infection-derived LSK(-) cells upon transfer into naive congenic mice were found to differentiate predominantly into mature follicular B cells. However, when transferred into infection-matched hosts, infection-derived LSK(-) cells gave rise to B cells capable of entering into a germinal center reaction, and they developed into memory B cells and Ab-secreting cells that were capable of producing parasite-specific Abs. Differentiation of LSK(-) cells into B cells in vitro was enhanced in the presence of parasitized RBC lysate, suggesting that LSK(-) cells expand and differentiate in direct response to the parasite. However, the ability of LSK(-) cells to differentiate into B cells was not dependent on MyD88, as myd88(-/-) LSK(-) cell expansion and differentiation remained unaffected after Plasmodium infection. Collectively, these data identify a population of atypical lymphoid progenitors that differentiate into B lymphocytes in the spleen and are capable of contributing to the ongoing humoral immune response against Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopam Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Daniel J Wikenheiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Kathryn E McGovern
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Johnasha D Stuart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
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45
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Bossaller L, Christ A, Pelka K, Nündel K, Chiang PI, Pang C, Mishra N, Busto P, Bonegio RG, Schmidt RE, Latz E, Marshak-Rothstein A. TLR9 Deficiency Leads to Accelerated Renal Disease and Myeloid Lineage Abnormalities in Pristane-Induced Murine Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1044-53. [PMID: 27354219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, life-threatening autoimmune disorder, leading to multiple organ pathologies and kidney destruction. Analyses of numerous murine models of spontaneous SLE have revealed a critical role for endosomal TLRs in the production of autoantibodies and development of other clinical disease manifestations. Nevertheless, the corresponding TLR9-deficient autoimmune-prone strains consistently develop more severe disease pathology. Injection of BALB/c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD), commonly known as pristane, also results in the development of SLE-like disease. We now show that Tlr9(-/-) BALB/c mice injected i.p. with TMPD develop more severe autoimmunity than do their TLR-sufficient cohorts. Early indications include an increased accumulation of TLR7-expressing Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes at the site of injection, upregulation of IFN-regulated gene expression in the peritoneal cavity, and an increased production of myeloid lineage precursors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte myeloid precursors) in the bone marrow. TMPD-injected Tlr9(-/-) BALB/c mice develop higher autoantibody titers against RNA, neutrophil cytoplasmic Ags, and myeloperoxidase than do TMPD-injected wild-type BALB/c mice. The TMP-injected Tlr9(-/-) mice, and not the wild-type mice, also develop a marked increase in glomerular IgG deposition and infiltrating granulocytes, much more severe glomerulonephritis, and a reduced lifespan. Collectively, the data point to a major role for TLR7 in the response to self-antigens in this model of experimental autoimmunity. Therefore, the BALB/c pristane model recapitulates other TLR7-driven spontaneous models of SLE and is negatively regulated by TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bossaller
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
| | - Anette Christ
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53217 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Pelka
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53217 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nündel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
| | - Ping-I Chiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Catherine Pang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Busto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
| | - Ramon G Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 021184
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Eicke Latz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53217 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
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46
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Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Dendritic Cells. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6269157. [PMID: 27034965 PMCID: PMC4789470 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6269157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with multiple tissue manifestations. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of conventional DC and plasmacytoid DC in the development of both murine lupus and human SLE. In the past decade, studies using selective DC depletions have demonstrated critical roles of DC in lupus progression. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggest activation of DC by self-antigens in lupus pathogenesis, followed by breakdown of immune tolerance to self. Potential treatment strategies targeting DC have been developed. However, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms by which DC modulate lupus pathogenesis that require further investigations.
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47
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Huang X, Dorta-Estremera S, Yao Y, Shen N, Cao W. Predominant Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Stimulating Systemic Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:526. [PMID: 26528288 PMCID: PMC4601279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are prominent type I interferon (IFN-I)-producing immune cells, have been extensively implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, whether they participate critically in lupus pathogenesis remains unknown. Recent studies using various genetic and cell type-specific ablation strategies have demonstrated that pDCs play a pivotal role in the development of autoantibodies and the progression of lupus under diverse experimental conditions. The findings of several investigations highlight a notion that pDCs operate critically at the early stage of lupus development. In particular, pDCs have a profound effect on B-cell activation and humoral autoimmunity in vivo. This deeper understanding of the vital role of pDCs in lupus pathogenesis supports the therapeutic targeting of the pDC-IFN-I pathway in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China ; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Stephanie Dorta-Estremera
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Yihong Yao
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc. , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China ; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston, TX , USA
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48
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Buechler MB, Gessay GM, Srivastava S, Campbell DJ, Hamerman JA. Hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells promote Type I interferon- and TLR7-dependent monocytosis during low-dose LCMV infection. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3064-72. [PMID: 26289159 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Release of inflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow (BM) into the blood is an important physiological response to infection, but the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon during viral infection are not completely defined. Here, we show that low-dose infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) caused rapid, transient inflammatory monocytosis that required type I interferon (IFN) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 signaling. Type I IFN and TLR7 signals were critical for induction of IFN-stimulated gene expression and CCR2 ligand upregulation in the BM microenvironment in response to LCMV infection. Experiments utilizing BM chimeric mice demonstrated that type I IFN and TLR7 signaling on either hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells was sufficient to initiate monocytosis in response to LCMV infection. BM plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) generated type I IFN directly ex vivo, suggesting that pDCs are a hematopoietic contributor of type I IFN in the BM early during LCMV infection. Overall, we describe novel roles for type I IFN and TLR7 signaling in nonhematopoietic cells and BM pDCs in directing IFN-stimulated gene and CCR2 ligand expression in the BM to initiate an increase in blood inflammatory monocytes during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Immunology Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Griffin M Gessay
- Immunology Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Immunology Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Immunology Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Immunology Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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49
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Toll-like receptor signaling in hematopoietic homeostasis and the pathogenesis of hematologic diseases. Front Med 2015; 9:288-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Finkielsztein A, Schlinker AC, Zhang L, Miller WM, Datta SK. Human megakaryocyte progenitors derived from hematopoietic stem cells of normal individuals are MHC class II-expressing professional APC that enhance Th17 and Th1/Th17 responses. Immunol Lett 2014; 163:84-95. [PMID: 25454068 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, like stromal cells, present antigen only via MHC class I, but the immune potential of their progenitors has not been explored in humans. We derived CD34(+)CD117(+)CD41(+)CD151(+) megakaryocyte progenitors (MKp) in vitro from mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) of normal subjects using culture conditions akin to bone marrow niche, or organs that support extramedullary hematopoiesis. The MKp expressed MHC Class II in contrast to platelets and functioned as professional APC before they matured further. Moreover, MKp constitutively expressed mRNA encoding mediators for human Th17 expansion, including IL-1, IL-18, IL-6, TGFβ, IL-23, BAFF, and COX2. MKp also expressed high levels of type I interferon and IRF5 mRNA. In contrast to platelets, MKp augmented the expansion of Th17, Th1, and potent Th17/Th1 double-positive cells in normal PBMC and CD4 line T cells from normal subjects or lupus patients. The Th cell augmentation involved pre-committed memory cells, and was significant although modest, because only non-cognate MKp-T cell interactions could be studied, under non-polarizing conditions. Importantly, the MKp-mediated expansion was observed in the presence or absence of direct MKp-T cell contact. Furthermore, MKp augmented Th17 responses against Candida albicans, a serious opportunistic pathogen. These results indicate an immunologic role of MKp in situations associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis and mobilization of HSPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Finkielsztein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alaina C Schlinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William M Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Syamal K Datta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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