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Maślanka T, Clapp B, Hoffman C, Robison A, Gregorczyk I, Pascual DW. Nasal vaccination of β7 integrin-deficient mice retains elevated IgA immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:667-681. [PMID: 32479679 PMCID: PMC9810040 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the migration of lymphocytes to nonintestinal mucosal sites is fundamental to developing mucosal vaccination strategies. Studies have shown that nasal and oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) stimulates, in addition to α4β7+ , the induction of αE (CD103)β7+ B cells. To determine the extent to which αE-associated β7 contributes to antigen (Ag)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses in the upper respiratory tract, nasal CT vaccination was performed in wild-type (wt) and β7-/- mice. At 16 days postprimary immunization, upper respiratory tract IgA responses were greater in β7-/- mice than in wt mice. IgA induction by distal β7-/- Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina propria was minimal, in contrast to elevated gut IgA responses in wt mice. By 42 days postprimary immunization, β7-/- gut IgA responses were restored, and upper respiratory tract Ag-specific IgA responses were equivalent to those of wt mice. Examination of homing receptor expression and cell-sorting experiments revealed that β7-/- mice have increased usage of β1 and αE integrins by upper respiratory tract B cells, suggesting that alternative integrins can facilitate lymphocyte migration to the upper respiratory tract, especially in the absence of β7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maślanka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Amanda Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Izabela Gregorczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
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2
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Saunders SP, Ma EGM, Aranda CJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31105687 PMCID: PMC6498404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific antibodies, and memory B cells that rapidly respond to antigen re-exposure by generating new plasma cells and memory B cells. Developing effective immunological memory is essential for protection against pathogens, and is the basis of successful vaccinations. IgE responses have evolved for protection against helminth parasites infections and against toxins, but IgE is also a potent mediator of allergic diseases. There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in recent decades and this has provided the impetus to study the nature of IgE antibody responses. As will be discussed in depth in this review, the IgE memory response has unique features that distinguish it from classical B cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica G M Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Hwang HS, Puth S, Tan W, Verma V, Jeong K, Lee SE, Rhee JH. More robust gut immune responses induced by combining intranasal and sublingual routes for prime-boost immunization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2194-2202. [PMID: 29781755 PMCID: PMC6183199 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1472185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus causes acute and debilitating gastroenteritis, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea. We recently reported a recombinant GII. 4 P domain particle (Pd) vaccine adjuvanted with a flagellin, Vibrio vulnificus FlaB, effectively promoting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the previous study, we found that sublingual (SL) immunization induced higher fecal secretory IgA (SIgA) responses while intranasal (IN) route provided higher amplitude of humoral and cellular immune responses in the systemic compartment. We hypothesized that the combination of IN and SL routes should induce more potent and sustained SIgA responses in the gut. In this study, we have tried combinatorial prime-boost immunization employing both IN and SL routes. The IN priming and SL boosting with the Pd+FlaB vaccine enhanced highest SIgA responses in feces, accompanying increased Pd-specific memory B cells and plasma cells in spleen and bone marrow, respectively. Notably, the strongest long-lasting SIgA response in feces was induced by combined IN prime and SL boost vaccination, which was sustained for more than 3 months. Significantly enhanced gut-homing B cell and follicular helper T cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) were observed in the IN prime and SL boost combination. IN priming was a requisite for the robust induction of Pd-specific IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine responses in the systemic immune compartment. Collectively, the IN prime and SL boost combination was the best option for inducing balanced long-lasting immune responses against the norovirus antigen in both enteric and systemic compartments. These results suggest that immune responses in specific mucosal compartments may be programmed by employing different prime-boost immunization routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Sao Puth
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Verma
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjoon Jeong
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhiming W, Luman W, Tingting Q, Yiwei C. Chemokines and receptors in intestinal B lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:807-819. [PMID: 29443417 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0717-299rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines) and their receptors modulate intestinal B lymphocytes in different ways, including regulating their maturity and differentiation in the bone marrow and homing to intestinal target tissues. Here, we review several important chemokine/chemokine receptor axes that guide intestinal B cells, focusing on the homing and migration of IgA antibody-secreting cells (IgA-ASCs) to intestinal-associated lymphoid tissues. We describe the selective regulation of these chemokine axes in coordinating the IgA-ASC trafficking in intestinal diseases. Finally, we discuss the role of B cells as chemokine producers serving dual roles in regulating the mucosal immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhiming
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Luman
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Tingting
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Yiwei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Batista MT, Ferreira EL, Pereira GS, Stafford P, Maeda DLNF, Rodrigues JF, Brady LJ, Johnston SA, Ferreira LCS, Ferreira RCC. LT adjuvant modulates epitope specificity and improves the efficacy of murine antibodies elicited by sublingual vaccination with the N-terminal domain of Streptococcus mutans P1. Vaccine 2017; 35:7273-82. [PMID: 29146379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and peptide-based immune signatures of antibodies raised in mice after sublingual immunization with a recombinant form of the P1 (aka AgI/II, PAc) adhesin (P139-512) of Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological agent of dental caries. Sublingual administration of P139-512 in combination with the mucosal adjuvant LTK4R (a derivative of heat-labile LT toxin) induced strong and long-lasting systemic and mucosal immune responses. Incorporation of the adjuvant resulted in an enhancement of the anti-adhesive and anti-colonization activity against S. mutans as evaluated both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Incorporation of the adjuvant to the vaccine formulation also changed the epitope specificity of the induced antibodies as determined by immunological signatures of sera collected from vaccinated mice. Use of a peptide microarray library led to the identification of peptide targets recognized by antibodies in serum samples with enhanced anti-adhesive effects. Altogether, the results presented herein showed that the sublingual administration of a P1-based subunit vaccine represents a promising approach for the prevention of dental caries caused by S. mutans. In addition, the present study disclosed the role of adjuvants on the epitope specificity and functionality of antibodies raised by subunit vaccines.
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6
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Desselberger U. 7th European rotavirus biology conference, Cork/Ireland, 18–21 June 2017. Virus Res 2017; 240:197-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Ren W, Yin J, Xiao H, Chen S, Liu G, Tan B, Li N, Peng Y, Li T, Zeng B, Li W, Wei H, Yin Z, Wu G, Hardwidge PR, Yin Y. Intestinal Microbiota-Derived GABA Mediates Interleukin-17 Expression during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 7:685. [PMID: 28138329 PMCID: PMC5237640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has critical importance in pathogenesis of intestinal infection; however, the role of intestinal microbiota in intestinal immunity during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota is associated with intestinal interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in response to ETEC infection. Here, we found ETEC infection induced expression of intestinal IL-17 and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, increasing abundance of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Antibiotics treatment in mice lowered the expression of intestinal IL-17 during ETEC infection, while GABA or L. lactis subsp. lactis administration restored the expression of intestinal IL-17. L. lactis subsp. lactis administration also promoted expression of intestinal IL-17 in germ-free mice during ETEC infection. GABA enhanced intestinal IL-17 expression in the context of ETEC infection through activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling. GABA-mTORC1 signaling also affected intestinal IL-17 expression in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection and in drug-induced model of intestinal inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of intestinal GABA signaling in intestinal IL-17 expression during intestinal infection and indicate the potential of intestinal microbiota-GABA signaling in IL-17-associated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Philip R. Hardwidge
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy is the most prevalent primary chronic glomerular disease in the world. Studies of molecular and cellular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy have revealed several inherent abnormalities in the production and subsequent handling of IgA1. In patients with this disease, altered glycan structures in the unique hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules lead to the exposure of antigenic determinants, which are recognized by naturally occurring antiglycan antibodies of the IgG and/or IgA1 isotype. In addition, due to a homing abnormality there is a gradual shift of mucosal IgA1 producing lymphoplasma cells from mucosal lymphoid tissue to bone marrow resulting in excess production of mucosal-type IgA1 in the systemic circulation. As a result, nephritogenic immune complexes form in the circulation and deposit in the glomerular mesangium. Deposited immune complexes induce proliferation of resident mesangial cells with increased production of extracellular matrix proteins. A number of inflammatory cytokines produced by the mesangial cells damage the filtration barrier resulting in hematuria and proteinuria ultimately leading to progressive renal damage.
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Yang Z, Zhao Q, Gao YA, Zhang W. Combined Oral and Intravenous Immunization Stimulates Strong IgA Responses in Both Systemic and Mucosal Compartments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168037. [PMID: 27936222 PMCID: PMC5148103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of immunization routes onIgG, IgA and IgM production in systemic and mucosal compartments, we immunized mice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) via oral, intranasal (i.n.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes alone or combined with the intravenous (i.v.) route. We found that administering antigen intravenously could affect antibody production and formation of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) depending on the immunization route previously used. Combined oral/i.v. immunization but not s.c./i.v. immunization caused a great increase of IgA ASCs in the spleen and enhanced IgA production in the small intestine and serum. Combined i.n./i.v. immunization could also increase IgA ASCs in the spleen and enhance IgA production in serum but had no effect on IgA production in the small intestine. Oral/i.v. immunization caused increase of IgG ASCs in both the spleen and bone marrow. In comparison, combined i.n./i.v. and s.c./i.v. immunization could increase IgG ASCs in the spleen but not in bone marrow. Intravenous administration of KLH in mice that had been immunized via oral, i.n. or s.c. routes caused some increase of IgM ASCs in the spleen but not in bone marrow. In conclusion, combined oral and i.v. administration of an antigen can induce fast and strong immune responses, especially for IgA, in both systemic and mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-An Gao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Massot-Cladera M, Franch À, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Cocoa and cocoa fibre differentially modulate IgA and IgM production at mucosal sites. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1539-46. [PMID: 26975903 DOI: 10.1017/S000711451600074X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a 10 % cocoa (C10) diet, containing polyphenols and fibre among others, modifies intestinal and systemic Ig production. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of C10 on IgA and IgM production in the intestinal and extra-intestinal mucosal compartments, establishing the involvement of cocoa fibre (CF) in such effects. Mechanisms by which C10 intake may affect IgA synthesis in the salivary glands were also studied. To this effect, rats were fed either a standard diet, a diet containing C10, CF or inulin. Intestinal (the gut wash (GW), Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)) and extra-intestinal (salivary glands) mucosal tissues and blood samples were collected for IgA and IgM quantification. The gene expressions of IgA production- and homing-related molecules were studied in the salivary glands. The C10 diet decreased intestinal IgA and IgM production. Although the CF diet decreased the GW IgA concentration, it increased PP, MLN and serum IgA concentrations. Both the C10 and the CF diets produced a down-regulatory effect on IgA secretion in the extra-intestinal tissues. The C10 diet interacted with the mechanisms involved in IgA synthesis, whereas the CF showed particular effects on the homing and transcytosis of IgA across the salivary glands. Overall, CF was able to up-regulate IgA production in the intestinal-inductor compartments, whereas it down-regulated its production at the mucosal-effector ones. Further studies must be directed to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the effect of particular cocoa components on gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Rybarczyk J, Kieckens E, De Zutter L, Remon JP, Vanrompay D, Cox E. Effects of lactoferrin treatment on Escherichia coli O157:H7 rectal colonization in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2015; 202:38-46. [PMID: 26791110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The terminal rectal mucosa has been identified as the predominant colonization site of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle, thus a possible intervention approach should directly target this colonization site. To determine the effect of lactoferrin on E. coli O157:H7 mucosal colonization at the rectum, five 6-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves were experimentally infected with E. coli O157:H7 and received daily rectal treatment with bovine lactoferrin. Three calves that did not receive the lactoferrin served as control group. The treatment decreased faecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and completely eliminated the infection in all animals (n=5) after 19 days administration. The rectal mucosa of all animals (n=5) was cleared from E. coli O157:H7 within 13 days of lactoferrin treatment. To evaluate the local immune responses, three calves treated previously with lactoferrin and three calves of the control group were re-infected when E. coli O157:H7 excretion was no longer detected. The rectal administration of lactoferrin resulted in an EspA- and EspB-specific IgA responses at the rectal mucosa. These mucosal antibodies were not detected in the animals which did not receive the lactoferrin powder. Interestingly, no serum IgA antibodies could be found in animals of the group that received the lactoferrin. These findings emphasize the ability of bovine lactoferrin to clear E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle, where lactoferrin may influence the local immune processes against E. coli O157:H7 infection. Thus, bovine lactoferrin treatment could be used in the field to eliminate high-level faecal excretion of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rybarczyk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Kieckens
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Jean Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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12
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Desselberger U. 6th European Rotavirus Biology Meeting, Dijon, France, 17–20 May 2015. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The European Rotavirus Biology Meeting was established 12 years ago and takes place biannually. Approximately 100 scientists, medical doctors and students of biomedical sciences from 28 countries of five continents participated in this meeting, which was efficiently organized by Pierre Pothier and his staff. Their hospitality and inventive social program were highly appreciated. The aim of the meeting was to review and discuss new developments of rotavirus (RV) research, pathophysiology, immunology, molecular epidemiology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Desselberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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13
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Abstract
The intestine harbors enormous numbers of commensal bacteria and is under frequent attack from food-borne pathogens and toxins. A properly regulated immune response is critical for homeostatic maintenance of commensals and for protection against infection and toxins in the intestine. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype antibodies function specifically in mucosal sites such as the intestines to help maintain intestinal health by binding to and regulating commensal microbiota, pathogens and toxins. IgA antibodies are produced by intestinal IgA antibody-secreting plasma cells generated in gut-associated lymphoid tissues from naïve B cells in response to stimulations of the intestinal bacteria and components. Research on generation, migration, and maintenance of IgA-secreting cells is important in our effort to understand the biology of IgA responses and to help better design vaccines against intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xiong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA,
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Fagarasan S, Macpherson AJ. The Regulation of IgA Production. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The intestinal mucosa harbors the largest population of antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells (PC) in the human body, producing daily several grams of immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA has many functions, serving as a first-line barrier that protects the mucosal epithelium from pathogens, toxins and food antigens (Ag), shaping the intestinal microbiota, and regulating host-commensal homeostasis. Signals induced by commensal colonization are central for regulating IgA induction, maintenance, positioning and function and the number of IgA(+) PC is dramatically reduced in neonates and germ-free (GF) animals. Recent evidence demonstrates that the innate immune effector molecules tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are required for IgA(+) PC homeostasis during the steady state and infection. Moreover, new functions ascribed to PC independent of Ab secretion continue to emerge, suggesting that PC, including IgA(+) PC, should be re-examined in the context of inflammation and infection. Here, we outline mechanisms of IgA(+) PC generation and survival, reviewing their functions in health and disease.
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Key Words
- AID, activation-induced deaminase
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand
- Ab, antibody
- Ag, antigen
- Arg, arginase
- Atg, autophagy-related gene
- B cell
- BAFF, B-cell activating factor
- BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen
- BM, bone marrow
- Blimp, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein
- CCL, CC chemokine ligand
- CCR, CC chemokine receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CSR, class-switch recombination
- CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand
- DC, dendritic cell
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FDC, follicular dendritic cells
- FcαR, Fc fragment of IgA receptor
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissues
- GC, germinal center
- GF, germ-free
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- GRP, glucose-regulated proteins
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cells
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cells
- ILF, isolated lymphoid follicles
- IRE, inositol-requiring enzyme
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- Id, inhibitor of DNA binding
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgAD, selective IgA deficiency
- L-Arg, L-Arginine
- L-Cit, L-citrulline
- L-Glu, L-Glutamate
- L-Orn, L-Ornithine
- L-Pro, L-Proline
- LIGHT, homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes
- LP, lamina propria
- LT, lymphotoxinLTβR, LTβ-receptor
- LTi, lymphoid tissue-inducer
- LTo, lymphoid tissue organizing
- Ly, lymphocyte antigen
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes
- NO, nitric oxide
- PC, plasma cells
- PP, Peyer's patch
- Pax, paired box
- ROR, Retionic acid receptor (RAR)- or retinoid-related orphan receptor
- SC, stromal cells
- SHM, somatic hypermutation
- SIGNR, specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin-related
- SIgAsecretory IgA
- TACI, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor
- TD, T-dependent
- TFH, T-follicular helper cells
- TGFβR, transforming growth factor β receptor
- TI, T-independent
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNFR, TNF receptor
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Th, T helper cell
- Treg, T-regulatory cell
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- XBP, X-box binding protein
- bcl, B-cell lymphoma
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
- innate immune recognition
- intestinal microbiota
- mucosa
- pIgA, polymeric IgA
- pIgR, polymeric Ig receptor
- plasma cell
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Physiology; Complex Traits Group; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada,Correspondence to: Jörg H Fritz;
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18
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Abstract
Oral vaccination can induce both systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses. To control rampant mucosal infectious diseases, the development of new effective oral vaccines is needed. Plant-based vaccines are new candidates for oral vaccines, and have some advantages over the traditional vaccines in cost, safety, and scalability. Rice seeds are attractive for vaccine production because of their stability and resistance to digestion in the stomach. The efficacy of some rice-based vaccines for infectious, autoimmune, and other diseases has been already demonstrated in animal models. We reported the efficacy in mice, safety, and stability of a rice-based cholera toxin B subunit vaccine called MucoRice-CTB. To advance MucoRice-CTB for use in humans, we also examined its efficacy and safety in primates. The potential of transgenic rice production as a new mucosal vaccine delivery system is reviewed from the perspective of future development of effective oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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19
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Abstract
HIV antibody (Ab) functions capable of preventing mucosal cell-free or cell-to-cell HIV transmission are critical for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In addition to CD4(+) T cells, other potential HIV-target cell types including antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (dendritic cells, macrophages) residing at mucosal sites are infected. Moreover, the interactions between APCs and HIV lead to HIV cell-to-cell transmission. Recently discovered broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are able to neutralize a broad spectrum of HIV strains, inhibit cell-to-cell transfer, and efficiently protect from infection in the experimentally challenged macaque model. However, the 31% protection observed in the RV144 vaccine trial in the absence of detectable NAbs in blood samples pointed to the possible role of additional Ab inhibitory functions. Increasing evidence suggests that IgG Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated inhibition of Abs present at the mucosal site may play a role in protection against HIV mucosal transmission. Moreover, mucosal IgA Abs may be determinant in protection against HIV sexual transmission. Therefore, defining Ab inhibitory functions that could lead to protection is critical for further HIV vaccine design. Here, we review different inhibitory properties of HIV-specific Abs and discuss their potential role in protection against HIV sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Su
- INSERM U1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Christiane Moog
- INSERM U1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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21
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Tregoning JS, Buffa V, Oszmiana A, Klein K, Walters AA, Shattock RJ. A "prime-pull" vaccine strategy has a modest effect on local and systemic antibody responses to HIV gp140 in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80559. [PMID: 24260419 PMCID: PMC3834027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One potential strategy for the prevention of HIV infection is to induce virus specific mucosal antibody that can act as an immune barrier to prevent transmission. The mucosal application of chemokines after immunisation, termed “prime-pull”, has been shown to recruit T cells to mucosal sites. We wished to determine whether this strategy could be used to increase B cells and antibody in the vaginal mucosa following immunisation with an HIV antigen. BALB/c mice were immunised intranasally with trimeric gp140 prior to vaginal application of the chemokine CCL28 or the synthetic TLR4 ligand MPLA, without antigen six days later. There was no increase in vaginal IgA, IgG or B cells following the application of CCL28, however vaginal application of MPLA led to a significant boost in antigen specific vaginal IgA. Follow up studies to investigate the effect of the timing of the “pull” stimulation demonstrated that when given 14 days after the initial immunisation MPLA significantly increased systemic antibody responses. We speculate that this may be due to residual inflammation prior to re-immunisation. Overall we conclude that in contrast to the previously observed effect on T cells, the use of “prime-pull” has only a modest effect on B cells and antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Buffa
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Oszmiana
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Klein
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A. Walters
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Prevention of infections by vaccination remains a compelling goal to improve public health. Mucosal vaccines would make immunization procedures easier, be better suited for mass administration, and most efficiently induce immune exclusion - a term coined for non-inflammatory antibody shielding of internal body surfaces, mediated principally by secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). The exported antibodies are polymeric, mainly IgA dimers (pIgA), produced by local plasma cells (PCs) stimulated by antigens that target the mucose. SIgA was early shown to be complexed with an epithelial glycoprotein - the secretory component (SC). A common SC-dependent transport mechanism for pIgA and pentameric IgM was then proposed, implying that membrane SC acts as a receptor, now usually called the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). From the basolateral surface, pIg-pIgR complexes are taken up by endocytosis and then extruded into the lumen after apical cleavage of the receptor - bound SC having stabilizing and innate functions in the secretory antibodies. Mice deficient for pIgR show that this is the only receptor responsible for epithelial export of IgA and IgM. These knockout mice show a variety of defects in their mucosal defense and changes in their intestinal microbiota. In the gut, induction of B-cells occurs in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, particularly the Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles, but also in mesenteric lymph nodes. PC differentiation is accomplished in the lamina propria to which the activated memory/effector B-cells home. The airways also receive such cells from nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue but by different homing receptors. This compartmentalization is a challenge for mucosal vaccination, as are the mechanisms used by the mucosal immune system to discriminate between commensal symbionts (mutualism), pathobionts, and overt pathogens (elimination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Brandtzaeg
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Abstract
The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Brandtzaeg
- Per Brandtzaeg, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Oslo, NO-0424 Norway. Tel: +47-23072743, Fax: 47-23071511.
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