1
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Svandova E, Vesela B, Janeckova E, Chai Y, Matalova E. Exploring caspase functions in mouse models. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01976-z. [PMID: 38824481 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Caspases are enzymes with protease activity. Despite being known for more than three decades, caspase investigation still yields surprising and fascinating information. Initially associated with cell death and inflammation, their functions have gradually been revealed to extend beyond, targeting pathways such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These processes are also associated with disease mechanisms, positioning caspases as potential targets for numerous pathologies including inflammatory, neurological, metabolic, or oncological conditions. While in vitro studies play a crucial role in elucidating molecular pathways, they lack the context of the body's complexity. Therefore, laboratory animals are an indispensable part of successfully understanding and applying caspase networks. This paper aims to summarize and discuss recent knowledge, understanding, and challenges in caspase knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Janeckova
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Liu JY, Tsai FL, Chuang YL, Ye JC. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum gratissimum mitigate colitis and protect against AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer in mice. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:837-846. [PMID: 37864831 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the in vivo effects of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extracts (OGE) on colorectal cancer (CRC) development provoked by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). The results showed a significant reduction in the tumor load and tumor number for the OGEH group that received continued administration of OGE compared to the AOM/DSS group, with P values of <0.01, but this was not observed in the OGEHs group that received separated administration of OGE. All groups except the control group exhibited aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenocarcinoma of lesion pathology in colon, and both conditions were significantly reduced in the OGEH group (P < 0.01) as compared to the AOM/DSS group. Subsequent investigation into whether OGE exhibits eliminative effects on DSS-induced severe colitis (SC) in mice showed that the disease activity index score was significantly reduced in the OGE-treated groups (P < 0.01), also colon colitis histological score was reversed. These data suggest that OGE may be potentially effective in preventing CRC when administered throughout the promotional stages of carcinogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chuang
- Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Chiuan Ye
- Department of Bachelor's Degree Program for Indigenous Peoples in Senior Health and Care Management, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
- Master Program in Biomedical Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
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3
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Suzuki T, Boonyaleka K, Okano T, Iida T, Yoshida M, Fukano H, Hoshino Y, Iwakura Y, Ablordey AS, Ashida H. Inflammasome-triggered IL-18 controls skin inflammation in the progression of Buruli ulcer. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011747. [PMID: 37910490 PMCID: PMC10619818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is an emerging chronic infectious skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Mycolactone, an exotoxin produced by the bacterium, is the only identified virulence factor so far, but the functions of this toxin and the mechanisms of disease progression remain unclear. By interfering Sec61 translocon, mycolactone inhibits the Sec61-dependent co-translational translocation of newly synthesized proteins, such as induced cytokines and immune cell receptors, into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, in regard to IL-1β, which is secreted by a Sec61-independent mechanism, mycolactone has been shown to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of inflammasomes. In this study, we clarified that cytokine induction, including that of IL-1β, in infected macrophages was suppressed by mycolactone produced by M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense, despite the activation of caspase-1 through the inflammasome activation triggered in a manner independent of mycolactone. Intriguingly, mycolactone suppressed the expression of proIL-1β as well as TNF-α at the transcriptional level, suggesting that mycolactone of M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense may exert additional inhibitory effect on proIL-1β expression. Remarkably, constitutively produced IL-18 was cleaved and mature IL-18 was actually released from macrophages infected with the causative mycobacterium. IL-18-deficient mice infected subcutaneously with M. ulcerans exhibited exacerbated skin inflammation during the course of disease progression. On the other hand, IL-1β controls bacterial multiplication in skin tissues. These results provide information regarding the mechanisms and functions of the induced cytokines in the pathology of Buruli ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotchakorn Boonyaleka
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Iida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anthony S. Ablordey
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Arrè V, Scialpi R, Centonze M, Giannelli G, Scavo MP, Negro R. The 'speck'-tacular oversight of the NLRP3-pyroptosis pathway on gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and tumorigenesis. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:90. [PMID: 37891577 PMCID: PMC10612184 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor and an essential component of the innate immune system involved in danger recognition. An important hallmark of inflammasome activation is the formation of a single supramolecular punctum, known as a speck, per cell, which is the site where the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are converted into their bioactive form. Speck also provides the platform for gasdermin D protein activation, whose N-terminus domain perforates the plasma membrane, allowing the release of mature cytokines alongside with a highly inflammatory form of cell death, namely pyroptosis. Although controlled NLRP3 inflammasome-pyroptosis pathway activation preserves mucosal immunity homeostasis and contributes to host defense, a prolonged trigger is deleterious and could lead, in genetically predisposed subjects, to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as to gastrointestinal cancer. Experimental evidence shows that the NLRP3 inflammasome has both protective and pathogenic abilities. In this review we highlight the impact of the NLRP3-pyroptosis axis on the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract at molecular level, focusing on newly discovered features bearing pro- and anti-inflammatory and neoplastic activity, and on targeted therapies tested in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Arrè
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Scialpi
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Matteo Centonze
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Roberto Negro
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
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5
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Dai Y, Zhou J, Shi C. Inflammasome: structure, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e391. [PMID: 37817895 PMCID: PMC10560975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complex located in cytoplasm and assemble in response to a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecule patterns, damage-associated molecule patterns, and cellular stress. Generally, the activation of inflammasomes will lead to maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death, both associated with inflammatory cascade amplification. A sensor protein, an adaptor, and a procaspase protein interact through their functional domains and compose one subunit of inflammasome complex. Under physiological conditions, inflammasome functions against pathogen infection and endogenous dangers including mtROS, mtDNA, and so on, while dysregulation of its activation can lead to unwanted results. In recent years, advances have been made to clarify the mechanisms of inflammasome activation, the structural details of them and their functions (negative/positive) in multiple disease models in both animal models and human. The wide range of the stimuli makes the function of inflammasome diverse and complex. Here, we review the structure, biological functions, and therapeutic targets of inflammasomes, while highlight NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes, which are the most well studied. In conclusion, this review focuses on the activation process, biological functions, and structure of the most well-studied inflammasomes, summarizing and predicting approaches for disease treatment and prevention with inflammasome as a target. We aim to provide fresh insight into new solutions to the challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Dai
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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6
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Honda TSB, Ku J, Anders HJ. Cell type-specific roles of NLRP3, inflammasome-dependent and -independent, in host defense, sterile necroinflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214289. [PMID: 37564649 PMCID: PMC10411525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome transforms a wide variety of infectious and non-infectious danger signals that activate pro-inflammatory caspases, which promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell necrosis. Most published evidence documents the presence and importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils during host defense and sterile forms of inflammation. In contrast, in numerous unbiased data sets, NLRP3 inflammasome-related transcripts are absent in non-immune cells. However, an increasing number of studies report the presence and functionality of the NLRP3 inflammasome in almost every cell type. Here, we take a closer look at the reported cell type-specific expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, review the reported inflammasome-dependent and -independent functions, and discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Hiraga H, Chinda D, Maeda T, Murai Y, Ogasawara K, Muramoto R, Ota S, Hasui K, Sakuraba H, Ishiguro Y, Yoshida S, Asano K, Nakane A, Fukuda S. Vitamin A Promotes the Fusion of Autophagolysosomes and Prevents Excessive Inflammasome Activation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108684. [PMID: 37240022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A ensures intestinal homeostasis, impacting acquired immunity and epithelial barrier function; however, its role in innate immunity is mostly unknown. Here, we studied the impact of vitamin A in different dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis animal models. Interestingly, more severe DSS-induced colitis was observed in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice than in vitamin A-sufficient (VAS) mice; the same was observed in VAD severe combined immunodeficient mice lacking T/B cells. Remarkably, IL-1β production, LC3B-II expression, and inflammasome activity in the lamina propria were significantly elevated in VAD mice. Electron microscopy revealed numerous swollen mitochondria with severely disrupted cristae. In vitro, non-canonical inflammasome signaling-induced pyroptosis, LC3B-II and p62 expression, and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) pretreated with retinoic acid receptor antagonist (Ro41-5253). These findings suggest that vitamin A plays a crucial role in the efficient fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan
| | - Takato Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Muramoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoh Ishiguro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Hirosaki 036-8545, Japan
| | | | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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8
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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9
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Yim HCH, Chakrabarti A, Kessler S, Morimoto H, Wang D, Sooraj D, Ahmed AU, de la Motte C, Silverman RH, Williams BRG, Sadler AJ. The protein kinase R modifies gut physiology to limit colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106737. [PMID: 36875104 PMCID: PMC9981792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate the function of the innate immune molecule protein kinase R (PKR) in intestinal inflammation. To model a colitogenic role of PKR, we determine the physiological response to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) of wild-type and two transgenic mice strains mutated to express either a kinase-dead PKR or to ablate expression of the kinase. These experiments recognize kinase-dependent and -independent protection from DSS-induced weight loss and inflammation, against a kinase-dependent increase in the susceptibility to DSS-induced injury. We propose these effects arise through PKR-dependent alteration of gut physiology, evidenced as altered goblet cell function and changes to the gut microbiota at homeostasis that suppresses inflammasome activity by controlling autophagy. These findings establish that PKR functions as both a protein kinase and a signaling molecule in instituting immune homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Chi Ho Yim
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arindam Chakrabarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sean Kessler
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Die Wang
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Afsar U. Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robert H. Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bryan RG. Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Sadler
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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10
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Kim JS, Kim HK, Lee J, Jang S, Cho E, Mun SJ, Yoon S, Yang CS. Inhibition of CD82 improves colitis by increasing NLRP3 deubiquitination by BRCC3. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:189-200. [PMID: 36600050 PMCID: PMC9887069 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD82 is a transmembrane protein that is involved in cancer suppression and activates immune cells; however, information on the NLRP3 inflammasome is limited. Herein, we show that although CD82 suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro, CD82 deficiency decreased the severity of colitis in mice. Furthermore, two binding partners of CD82, NLRP3 and BRCC3, were identified. CD82 binding to these partners increased the degradation of NLRP3 by blocking BRCC3-dependent K63-specific deubiquitination. Previous studies have shown that CD82-specific bacteria in the colon microbiota called Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus) regulated the expression of CD82 and promoted the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Accordingly, we observed that B. vulgatus administration increased mouse survival by mediating CD82 expression and activating NLRP3 in mice with colitis. Overall, this study showed that CD82 suppression reduced the pathogenesis of colitis by elevating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through BRCC3-dependent K63 deubiquitination. Based on our findings, we propose that B. vulgatus is a novel therapeutic candidate for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Korea
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Hyo Keun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Joongho Lee
- Department of Computer Science, College of SW Convergence, Dankook University, Yongin, 16890, Korea
| | - Sein Jang
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Euni Cho
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Mun
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Seokhyun Yoon
- Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, 16890, Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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11
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Cui C, Wang X, Zhang S, Wu H, Li M, Dong L, Yan C, Li D. Progesterone Reduces ATP-Induced Pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4827444. [PMID: 35993057 PMCID: PMC9391192 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4827444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the mechanism of progesterone inhibiting the scorch death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Methods SH-SY5Y cells with good logarithmic growth were used in the experiment. The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, DMSO group, BBG group, ATP group, and ATP+progesterone group. The cell survival rate of each group was measured by CCK-8 method. The expressions of P2X7 receptor, caspase-1, caspase-11, and IL-1β were detected by western blotting. Results (1) After SH-SY5Y cells were treated with ATP at different concentrations (1, 3, 6, and 9 mmol/L) for 2 hours, the cell survival rate decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the normal blank group. The results showed that the optimal lethal concentration of ATP was 6 mmol/L. SH-SY5Y cells were preincubated with progesterone at different concentrations (3, 10, 30, and 100 nmol/L) for 30 minutes and then incubated with 6 mmol/L ATP. The cell survival rate of this group was significantly improved (P < 0.01). The optimal concentration of progesterone to improve cell survival and inhibit cell death was 30 nmol/L. (2) Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in P2X7 receptor, caspase-1, caspase-11, and IL-1β with the DMSO group (0.001% DMSO, 24 h) and BBG group (bbg1 mmol/L, 24 h). (3) In the ATP group, the expression of P2X7 receptor and caspase-1 (the key protein of classical cell death pathway) increased significantly (P < 0.01), which was related to inflammatory factor IL-1β with consistent performance (P < 0.01). There was no significant change in caspase-11 (the key protein of nonclassical focal death pathway) (P > 0.05). (4) The expression of P2X7 receptor, caspase-1, and inflammatory factor IL-1β in the progesterone+ATP group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01). There was no significant change in caspase-11 (P > 0.05). Conclusion Certain dose of progesterone can inhibit the focal death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by extracellular high concentration ATP. It can reduce the expression of P2X7 receptor, inhibit the conduction pathway of cell death, reduce the release of inflammatory factor IL-1β, and improve cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Pingdingshan Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Pingdingshan, 467000 Henan, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Meijie Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Luoxiao Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Chongshuai Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan, China
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12
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Smith AP, Creagh EM. Caspase-4 and -5 Biology in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919567. [PMID: 35712726 PMCID: PMC9194562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with high levels of inflammatory cytokine production. Human caspases-4 and -5, and their murine ortholog caspase-11, are essential components of the innate immune pathway, capable of sensing and responding to intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria. Following their activation by LPS, these caspases initiate potent inflammation by causing pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. While this pathway is essential for host defence against bacterial infection, it is also negatively associated with inflammatory pathologies. Caspases-4/-5/-11 display increased intestinal expression during IBD and have been implicated in chronic IBD inflammation. This review discusses the current literature in this area, identifying links between inflammatory caspase activity and IBD in both human and murine models. Differences in the expression and functions of caspases-4, -5 and -11 are discussed, in addition to mechanisms of their activation, function and regulation, and how these mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife P Smith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Zhang S, Liang Y, Yao J, Li DF, Wang LS. Role of Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): From Gasdermins to DAMPs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833588. [PMID: 35677444 PMCID: PMC9168461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death executed by gasdermin family proteins that involve the formation of pores on cells, recognition of danger signals, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Pyroptosis modulates mucosal innate immunity and enteropathogenic bacterial infection. Similarly, the gasdermin family has been reported to be involved in the defense of the intestinal epithelium against bacterial infection and in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Pyroptosis initiates damage signals that activate multiple pathways to cause inflammation, which may be a potential cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss the impact of pyroptosis on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a focus on the executive proteins of pyroptosis (GSDMB, GADMD, and GSDME) and IBD-related endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) produced by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Yi YS. Dual roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108739. [PMID: 35366642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a two-step process comprising the first priming step that prepares inflammatory responses and the second triggering step that activates inflammatory responses. The key feature of the triggering step is the activation of inflammasomes and intracellular inflammatory protein complexes that provide molecular platforms to activate inflammatory signal transduction cascades. Although canonical inflammasomes have been well demonstrated to be actively involved in numerous human diseases, the roles of the recently identified non-canonical inflammasomes are largely unknown. However, recent studies have demonstrated the emerging roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in various human inflammatory diseases, ultimately providing strong evidence that the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome is a key player in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the regulatory roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its underlying mechanisms. Overall, this review highlights the current understanding of the regulatory roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in IBD and may provide insight into new strategies for preventing and treating IBD and caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea.
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15
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Mechanisms and Consequences of Noncanonical Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167245. [PMID: 34537239 PMCID: PMC8844060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The noncanonical inflammasome, comprising inflammatory caspases 4, 5, or 11, monitors the cytosol for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intracellular LPS-elicited autoproteolysis of these inflammatory caspases leads to the cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). GSDMD pore formation induces a lytic form of cell death known as pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs, thereby promoting inflammation. The noncanonical inflammasome-dependent innate sensing of cytosolic LPS plays important roles in bacterial infections and sepsis pathogenesis. Exciting studies in the recent past have significantly furthered our understanding of the biochemical and structural basis of the caspase-4/11 activation of GSDMD, caspase-4/11's substrate specificity, and the biological consequences of noncanonical inflammasome activation of GSDMD. This review will discuss these recent advances and highlight the remaining gaps in our understanding of the noncanonical inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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16
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Interleukin-37 promotes colitis-associated carcinogenesis via SIGIRR-mediated cytotoxic T cells dysfunction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35046386 PMCID: PMC8770466 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-37b (hereafter called IL-37) was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity. The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been elusive. Here, we found that IL-37 transgenic (IL-37tg) mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and suffered from dramatically increased tumor burdens in colon. Nevertheless, IL-37 is dispensable for intestinal mutagenesis, and CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Notably, IL-37 dampened protective cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity in CAC and B16-OVA models. CD8+ T cell dysfunction is defined by reduced retention and activation as well as failure to proliferate and produce cytotoxic cytokines in IL-37tg mice, enabling tumor evasion of immune surveillance. The dysfunction led by IL-37 antagonizes IL-18-induced proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related protein). Finally, we observed that IL-37 levels were significantly increased in CRC patients, and positively correlated with serum CRC biomarker CEA levels, but negatively correlated with the CD8+ T cell infiltration in CRC patients. Our findings highlight the role of IL-37 in harnessing antitumor immunity by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells and establish a new defined inhibitory factor IL-37/SIGIRR in cancer-immunity cycle as therapeutic targets in CRC.
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17
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Gao H, Cao M, Yao Y, Hu W, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Tang J, Luan S, Chen P. Dysregulated Microbiota-Driven Gasdermin D Activation Promotes Colitis Development by Mediating IL-18 Release. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750841. [PMID: 34721422 PMCID: PMC8551709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between gut microbiota and host is critical for maintaining host health. Although dysregulation of the gut microbiota triggers the development of various inflammatory diseases, including colitis, the molecular mechanism of microbiota-driven colitis development is largely unknown. Here, we found that gasdermin D (GSDMD) was activated during acute colitis. In the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, compared to wild-type mice, Gsdmd-deficient mice had less colitis severity. Mechanistically, GSDMD expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), but not infiltrating immune cells, was critical for GSDMD-mediated colitis progression. Moreover, commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) largely overgrew during colitis, and then the dysregulated commensal E. coli mediated GSDMD activation. Furthermore, the activated GSDMD promoted the release of interleukin-18 (IL-18), but not the transcript or maturation level of IL-18, which in turn mediated goblet cell loss to induce colitis development. Thus, GSDMD promotes colitis development by mediating IL-18 release, and the microbiota can mediate colitis pathogenesis through regulation of GSDMD activation. Our results provide a potential molecular mechanism by which the microbiota-driven GSDMD activation contributes to colitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yikun Yao
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 305 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Dhingra A, Sharp RC, Kim T, Popov AV, Ying GS, Pietrofesa RA, Park K, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Boesze-Battaglia K. Assessment of a Small Molecule Synthetic Lignan in Enhancing Oxidative Balance and Decreasing Lipid Accumulation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5764. [PMID: 34071220 PMCID: PMC8198017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual function depends on the intimate structural, functional and metabolic interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neural retina. The daily phagocytosis of the photoreceptor outer segment tips by the overlaying RPE provides essential nutrients for the RPE itself and photoreceptors through intricate metabolic synergy. Age-related retinal changes are often characterized by metabolic dysregulation contributing to increased lipid accumulation and peroxidation as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines. LGM2605 is a synthetic lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) with free radical scavenging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated in diverse in vitro and in vivo inflammatory disease models. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that LGM2605 may be an attractive small-scale therapeutic that protects RPE against inflammation and restores its metabolic capacity under lipid overload. Using an in vitro model in which loss of the autophagy protein, LC3B, results in defective phagosome degradation and metabolic dysregulation, we show that lipid overload results in increased gasdermin cleavage, IL-1 β release, lipid accumulation and decreased oxidative capacity. The addition of LGM2605 resulted in enhanced mitochondrial capacity, decreased lipid accumulation and amelioration of IL-1 β release in a model of defective lipid homeostasis. Collectively, these studies suggest that lipid overload decreases mitochondrial function and increases the inflammatory response, with LGM2605 acting as a protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Rachel C. Sharp
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Anatoliy V. Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.-S.Y.); (K.P.)
| | - Ralph A. Pietrofesa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.-S.Y.); (K.P.)
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
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19
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Khatri V, Kalyanasundaram R. Therapeutic implications of inflammasome in inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21439. [PMID: 33774860 PMCID: PMC8010917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a persistent health problem with a global burden surging over 6.8 million cases currently. Clinical pathology of IBD is complicated; however, hyperactive inflammatory and immune responses in the gut is shown to be one of the persistent causes of the disease. Human gut inflammasome, the activator of innate immune system is believed to be a primary underlying cause for the pathology and is largely associated with the progression of IBD. To manage IBD, there is a need to fully understand the role of inflammasome activation in IBD. Since inflammasome potentially play a significant role in IBD, systemic modulation of inflammasome may provide an effective therapeutic and clinical approach to control IBD symptoms. In this review, we have focused on this association between IBD and gut inflammasome, and recent advances in the research and therapeutic strategies for IBD. We have discussed inflammasomes and their components, outcomes from the experimental animals and human studies, inflammasome inhibitors, and developments in the inflammasome-targeted therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Khatri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
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20
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Discovery of a caspase cleavage motif antibody reveals insights into noncanonical inflammasome function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018024118. [PMID: 33723046 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018024118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes sense a number of pathogen and host damage signals to initiate a signaling cascade that triggers inflammatory cell death, termed pyroptosis. The inflammatory caspases (1/4/5/11) are the key effectors of this process through cleavage and activation of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D. Caspase-1 also activates proinflammatory interleukins, IL-1β and IL-18, via proteolysis. However, compared to the well-studied apoptotic caspases, the identity of substrates and therefore biological functions of the inflammatory caspases remain limited. Here, we construct, validate, and apply an antibody toolset for direct detection of neo-C termini generated by inflammatory caspase proteolysis. By combining rabbit immune phage display with a set of degenerate and defined target peptides, we discovered two monoclonal antibodies that bind peptides with a similar degenerate recognition motif as the inflammatory caspases without recognizing the canonical apoptotic caspase recognition motif. Crystal structure analyses revealed the molecular basis of this strong yet paradoxical degenerate mode of peptide recognition. One antibody selectively immunoprecipitated cleaved forms of known and unknown inflammatory caspase substrates, allowing the identification of over 300 putative substrates of the caspase-4 noncanonical inflammasome, including caspase-7. This dataset will provide a path toward developing blood-based biomarkers of inflammasome activation. Overall, our study establishes tools to discover and detect inflammatory caspase substrates and functions, provides a workflow for designing antibody reagents to study cell signaling, and extends the growing evidence of biological cross talk between the apoptotic and inflammatory caspases.
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21
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Agnew A, Nulty C, Creagh EM. Regulation, Activation and Function of Caspase-11 during Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041506. [PMID: 33546173 PMCID: PMC7913190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-11 is a pro-inflammatory enzyme that is stringently regulated during its expression and activation. As caspase-11 is not constitutively expressed in cells, it requires a priming step for its upregulation, which occurs following the stimulation of pathogen and cytokine receptors. Once expressed, caspase-11 activation is triggered by its interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Being an initiator caspase, activated caspase-11 functions primarily through its cleavage of key substrates. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the primary substrate of caspase-11, and the GSDMD cleavage fragment generated is responsible for the inflammatory form of cell death, pyroptosis, via its formation of pores in the plasma membrane. Thus, caspase-11 functions as an intracellular sensor for LPS and an immune effector. This review provides an overview of caspase-11—describing its structure and the transcriptional mechanisms that govern its expression, in addition to its activation, which is reported to be regulated by factors such as guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, and oxidized phospholipids. We also discuss the functional outcomes of caspase-11 activation, which include the non-canonical inflammasome, modulation of actin dynamics, and the initiation of blood coagulation, highlighting the importance of inflammatory caspase-11 during infection and disease.
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22
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Iljazovic A, Roy U, Gálvez EJC, Lesker TR, Zhao B, Gronow A, Amend L, Will SE, Hofmann JD, Pils MC, Schmidt-Hohagen K, Neumann-Schaal M, Strowig T. Perturbation of the gut microbiome by Prevotella spp. enhances host susceptibility to mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:113-124. [PMID: 32433514 PMCID: PMC7790746 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diverse microbial signatures within the intestinal microbiota have been associated with intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases, but whether these candidate microbes actively modulate host phenotypes or passively expand within the altered microbial ecosystem is frequently not known. Here we demonstrate that colonization of mice with a member of the genus Prevotella, which has been previously associated to colitis in mice, exacerbates intestinal inflammation. Our analysis revealed that Prevotella intestinalis alters composition and function of the ecosystem resulting in a reduction of short-chain fatty acids, specifically acetate, and consequently a decrease in intestinal IL-18 levels during steady state. Supplementation of IL-18 to Prevotella-colonized mice was sufficient to reduce intestinal inflammation. Hence, we conclude that intestinal Prevotella colonization results in metabolic changes in the microbiota, which reduce IL-18 production and consequently exacerbate intestinal inflammation, and potential systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iljazovic
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Urmi Roy
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Achim Gronow
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Amend
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine E Will
- Bacterial Metabolomics, Leibniz institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia D Hofmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina C Pils
- Mouse Pathology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, BRICS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Bacterial Metabolomics, Leibniz institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Downs KP, Nguyen H, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. An overview of the non-canonical inflammasome. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100924. [PMID: 33187725 PMCID: PMC7808250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to infection and cellular stress, and are crucial for the activation of inflammatory caspases and the subsequent processing and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. While caspase-1 is activated within the canonical inflammasome, the related caspase-4 (also known as caspase-11 in mice) and caspase-5 are activated within the non-canonical inflammasome upon sensing of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. However, the consequences of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation are similar. Caspase-1 promotes the processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the release of danger signals, as well as a lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis, whereas caspase-4, caspase-5 and caspase-11 directly promote pyroptosis through cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), and trigger a secondary activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome for cytokine release. Since the presence of the non-canonical inflammasome activator LPS leads to endotoxemia and sepsis, non-canonical inflammasome activation and regulation has important clinical ramifications. Here we discuss the mechanism of non-canonical inflammasome activation, mechanisms regulating its activity and its contribution to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Downs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Ma C, Yang D, Wang B, Wu C, Wu Y, Li S, Liu X, Lassen K, Dai L, Yang S. Gasdermin D in macrophages restrains colitis by controlling cGAS-mediated inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6717. [PMID: 32671214 PMCID: PMC7314554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional relevance and mechanistic basis of the effects of the pyroptosis executioner Gasdermin D (GSDMD) on colitis remain unclear. In this study, we observed that GSDMD protein was activated during intestinal inflammation in a model of chemically induced colitis. GSDMD deficiency exacerbated experimental colitis independent of changes in the microbiota and without affecting the production of antimicrobial peptides. GSDMD deficiency in macrophages, but not epithelial cells, was sufficient to drive this exacerbated experimental colitis. We further demonstrate that GSDMD functions in macrophages as a negative regulator to control cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-dependent inflammation, thereby protecting against colitis. Moreover, the administration of cGAS inhibitor can rescue the colitogenic phenotype in GSDMD-deficient mice. Collectively, these findings provide the first demonstration of GSDMD's role in controlling colitis and a detailed delineation of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kara Lassen
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lue Dai
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Wang X, Saud SM, Wang F, He S, Zhang X, Hua B, Li W. Protective effect of ShaoYao decoction on colitis-associated colorectal cancer by inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112600. [PMID: 31981745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis were prone to develop into ulcerrelated colorectal cancer with high risk of mortality. Shaoyao Decoction (SYD), a compound prescription of Chinese traditional medicine, was reported to have anti-colorectal cancer effect. Thus this study mainly investigated the protective and preventive effect of SYD against oxidative damages and inflamatory response through in vivo and in vitro experiments. AIM OF THE STUDY Shaoyao decoction (SYD), a compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, is effective in treating ulcerative colitis. The increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inflammatory cells potentially drive the development of carcinomas. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has became a novel target for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we assessed the antioxidation effect of SYD against colitis associated colorectal cancer through in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo AOM/DSS-induced murine model of colon cancer and in vitro H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT-29 cells model were conducted. To determine the antioxidant activity of SYD, protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes were detected by western blot, RT-PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SYD exerts antioxidant effect through activation of Nrf2 pathway and upregulation expression of Nrf2 downstream genes. SYD is shown to have preventive effect against colitis-associated colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that SYD is effective in the enhancement of antioxidant ability via activation of Nrf2 pathway and the up-regulation of Nrf2-downstream phase II enzymes expression. The anti-inflammation and antioxidant action of SYD together contributes to the prevention and treatment of ulcerrelated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, Beixiange Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Medical Security Management, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.6, Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Shakir M Saud
- Department of Family Medicine, Contra Costa Regional Medical Center, Martinez, CA, 94553, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Shengqi He
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.6, Huajiadi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, Beixiange Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, Beixiange Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, Beixiange Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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26
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Pandey A, Shen C, Man SM. Inflammasomes in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Therapies. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:481-498. [PMID: 31543710 PMCID: PMC6747943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Inflammation is a driver across multiple stages in the development of colorectal cancer. The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex of the innate immune system central to the regulation of inflammation, pyroptosis, and other cellular processes important for maintaining gut homeostasis. Studies using mouse models of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer have highlighted diverse and sometimes contrasting roles of inflammasomes in maintaining a balance between intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota. In addition, persistent and/or dysregulated stimulation of inflammasome sensors finetune inflammation and tumorigenesis in the intestine. This review highlights the emerging role of inflammasome signaling in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. We also review the key mechanisms by which inflammasome signaling modulate inflammation and tumor development. Finally, we speculate the importance of using more tightly regulated experimental approaches to examine the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Si Ming Man, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia; Tel: 61 2 612 56793,
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27
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Sun X, Ng TTH, Sham KWY, Zhang L, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Cheng CHK. Bufalin, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, Prevents Tumor Formation in Two Murine Models of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:653-666. [PMID: 31431500 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is cost-effective for colorectal cancer when targeted at intermediate- or high-risk populations. Bufalin is a cardiac glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "Chan Su," which has been used as an anticancer agent. On the basis of the relative safety of bufalin, we investigated whether bufalin could act as a chemoprophylactic agent to prevent colon tumorigenesis in two murine models, namely colitis-associated colorectal cancer and Apc germline mutation-developed colorectal cancer. Our results revealed that long-term (12-16 weeks) administration of low-dose bufalin (0.5 mg/kg) effectively suppressed tumorigenesis in both colorectal cancer models, accompanied by attenuated epithelial cell proliferation (reduced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, lower levels of cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinases-2/4, and higher levels of p21 and p27) and promoted apoptosis (increased TUNEL positivity and caspase-3/9 cleavages, reduced levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin, and increased levels of Bax and Bak). Bufalin also suppressed the expression of proinflammatory mediators [reduced levels of cyclooxygenase-2, tumor TNFα, IL1β, IL6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL-2, and CXCL-5] in the colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. These effects were associated with the inhibition of oncogenic NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways. Our findings unveil a novel chemoprophylactic action of bufalin in colorectal cancer in vivo and provided efficacy data and mechanistic evidence for further clinical evaluation of this TCM compound for colorectal cancer chemoprevention in individuals at risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tony T H Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy W Y Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher H K Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Caspase-11 Contributes to Oviduct Pathology during Genital Chlamydia Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00262-19. [PMID: 31160363 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00262-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that caspase-1, but not its upstream activator, ASC, contributes to oviduct pathology during mouse genital Chlamydia muridarum infection. We hypothesized that this dichotomy is due to the inadvertent absence of caspase-11 in previously used caspase-1-deficient mice. To address this, we studied the independent contributions of caspase-1 and -11 during genital Chlamydia infection. Our results show that caspase-11 deficiency was sufficient to recapitulate the effect of the combined absence of both caspase-1 and caspase-11 on oviduct pathology. Further, mice that were deficient for both caspase-1 and -11 but that expressed caspase-11 as a transgene (essentially, caspase-1-deficient mice) had no significant difference in oviduct pathology from control mice. Caspase-11-deficient mice showed reduced dilation in both the oviducts and uterus. To determine the mechanism by which caspase-11-deficient mice developed reduced pathology, the chlamydial burden and immune cell infiltration were determined in the oviducts. In the caspase-11-deficient mice, we observed increased chlamydial burdens in the upper genital tract, which correlated with increased CD4 T cell recruitment, suggesting a contribution of caspase-11 in infection control. Additionally, there were significantly fewer neutrophils in the oviducts of caspase-11-deficient mice, supporting the observed decrease in the incidence of oviduct pathology. Therefore, caspase-11 activation contributes to pathogen control and oviduct disease independently of caspase-1 activation.
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29
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McEntee CP, Finlay CM, Lavelle EC. Divergent Roles for the IL-1 Family in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1266. [PMID: 31231388 PMCID: PMC6568214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract are a major cause of morbidity and significant burden from a health and economic perspective in industrialized countries. While the incidence of such conditions has a strong environmental component, in particular dietary composition, epidemiological studies have identified specific hereditary mutations which result in disequilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The IL-1 super-family of cytokines and receptors is highly pleiotropic and plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several auto-inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. However, the role of this super-family in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases remains incompletely resolved despite extensive research. Herein, we highlight the currently accepted paradigms as they pertain to specific IL-1 family members and focus on some recently described non-classical roles for these pathways in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we address some of the shortcomings and sources of variance in the field which to date have yielded several conflicting results from similar studies and discuss the potential effect of these factors on data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P McEntee
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Kaakati R, Zhao R, Bao X, Lee AK, Liu X, Li F, Li CY. Non-apoptotic Roles of Caspases in Stem Cell Biology, Carcinogenesis, and Radiotherapy. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Zhen Y, Zhang H. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:276. [PMID: 30873162 PMCID: PMC6403142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome can be widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells. The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family member NLRP3 contains a central nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain which facilitates self-oligomerization and has ATPase activity. The C-terminal conserves a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which can modulate NLRP3 activity and sense endogenous alarmins and microbial ligands. In contrast, the N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD) can account for homotypic interactions with the adaptor protein-ASC of NLRP3 inflammasome. These characters enable it function in innate immunity. Its downstream effector proteins include caspase-1 and IL-1β etc. which exhibit protective or detrimental roles in mucosal immunity in different studies. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature regarding the physiology of NLRP3 inflammasome and its potential roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. We also discuss about the complex interactions among the NLRP3 inflammasome, mucosal immune response, and gut homeostasis as found in experimental models and IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Centre of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Centre of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Yabal M, Calleja DJ, Simpson DS, Lawlor KE. Stressing out the mitochondria: Mechanistic insights into NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:377-399. [PMID: 30589456 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-124r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that induce the cleavage and release of bioactive IL-1β and cause a lytic form of cell death, termed pyroptosis. Due to its diverse triggers, ranging from infectious pathogens and host danger molecules to environmental irritants, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome remains the most widely studied inflammasome to date. Despite intense scrutiny, a universal mechanism for its activation remains elusive, although, recent research has focused on mitochondrial dysfunction or potassium (K+ ) efflux as key events. In this review, we give a general overview of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and explore the recently emerging noncanonical and alternative pathways to NLRP3 activation. We highlight the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease that is associated with mitochondrial and oxidative stress. Finally, we interrogate the mechanisms proposed to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. A greater understanding of how NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered may reveal new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Yabal
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Kinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dale J Calleja
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel S Simpson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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33
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The Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Probiotic E. faecium in a Coculture Model of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial and Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9368295. [PMID: 30670931 PMCID: PMC6317115 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9368295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium constitutes an interface between the intestinal contents and the underlying gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) including dendritic cells (DC). Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and resident DC are characterized by bidirectional crosstalk mediated by various factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In the present study, we aimed (1) to model the interplay of both cell types in a porcine in vitro coculture consisting of IEC (cell line IPEC-J2) and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) and (2) to assess whether immune responses to bacteria are altered because of the interplay between IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC. With regard to the latter, we focused on the inflammasome pathway. Here, we propose caspase-13 as a promising candidate for the noncanonical inflammasome activation in pigs. We conducted challenge experiments with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and probiotic Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) NCIMB 10415. As potential mediators of IEC/DC interactions, TGF-β and TSLP were selected for analyses. Cocultured MoDC showed attenuated ETEC-induced inflammasome-related and proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-8 reactions compared with MoDC monocultures. Caspase-13 was more strongly expressed in IPEC-J2 cells cocultured with MoDC and upon ETEC incubation. We found that IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC were capable of releasing TSLP. The latter cells secreted greater amounts of TSLP when cocultured with IPEC-J2 cells. TGF-β was not modulated under the present experimental conditions in either cell types. We conclude that, in the presence of IPEC-J2 cells, porcine MoDC exhibited a more tolerogenic phenotype, which might be partially regulated by autocrine TSLP production. Noncanonical inflammasome signaling appeared to be modulated in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results indicate that the reciprocal interplay of the intestinal epithelium and GALT is essential for promoting balanced immune responses.
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34
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Flood B, Manils J, Nulty C, Flis E, Kenealy S, Barber G, Fay J, Mills KHG, Kay EW, Creagh EM. Caspase-11 regulates the tumour suppressor function of STAT1 in a murine model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 38:2658-2674. [PMID: 30538296 PMCID: PMC6484510 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Murine inflammatory caspase-11 has an important role in intestinal epithelial inflammation and barrier function. Activation of the non-canonical inflammasome, mediated by caspase-11, serves as a regulatory pathway for the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and has a key role in pyroptotic cell death. We have previously demonstrated a protective role for caspase-11 during dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, however the importance of caspase-11 during colorectal tumour development remains unclear. Here, we show that Casp11−/− mice are highly susceptible to the azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), compared to their wild type (WT) littermates. We show that deficient IL-18 production occurs at initial inflammation stages of disease, and that IL-1β production is more significantly impaired in Casp11−/− colons during established CAC. We identify defective STAT1 activation in Casp11−/− colons during disease progression, and show that IL-1β signalling induces caspase-11 expression and STAT1 activation in primary murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. These findings uncover an anti-tumour role for the caspase-11 and the non-canonical inflammasome during CAC, and suggest a critical role for caspase-11, linking IL-1β and STAT1 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Flood
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joan Manils
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara Nulty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ewelina Flis
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinead Kenealy
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gillian Barber
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanna Fay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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35
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Ross C, Chan AH, Von Pein J, Boucher D, Schroder K. Dimerization and auto-processing induce caspase-11 protease activation within the non-canonical inflammasome. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800237. [PMID: 30564782 PMCID: PMC6284101 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a detailed molecular mechanism for caspase-11 activation within the non-canonical inflammasome, giving new insight into host defence against cytosolic bacterial infection. Caspase-11 is a cytosolic sensor and protease that drives innate immune responses to the bacterial cell wall component, LPS. Caspase-11 provides defence against cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria; however, excessive caspase-11 responses contribute to murine endotoxic shock. Upon sensing LPS, caspase-11 assembles a higher order structure called the non-canonical inflammasome that enables the activation of caspase-11 protease function, leading to gasdermin D cleavage and cell death. The mechanism by which caspase-11 acquires protease function is, however, poorly defined. Here, we show that caspase-11 dimerization is necessary and sufficient for eliciting basal caspase-11 protease function, such as the ability to auto-cleave. We further show that during non-canonical inflammasome signalling, caspase-11 self-cleaves at site (D285) within the linker connecting the large and small enzymatic subunits. Self-cleavage at the D285 site is required to generate the fully active caspase-11 protease (proposed here to be p32/p10) that mediates gasdermin D cleavage, macrophage death, and NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production. This study provides a detailed molecular mechanism by which LPS induces caspase-11–driven inflammation and cell death to provide host defence against cytosolic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Ross
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Amy H Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jessica Von Pein
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dave Boucher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Mao L, Kitani A, Strober W, Fuss IJ. The Role of NLRP3 and IL-1β in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2566. [PMID: 30455704 PMCID: PMC6230716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is logical to assume that a major pro-inflammatory mechanism, i.e., the NLRP3 inflammasome would play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in humans. However, while both studies of murine models of gut disease and patients provide data that the main cytokine product generated by this inflammasome, IL-1β, does in fact contribute to inflammation in IBD, there is no evidence that IL-1β plays a decisive or prominent role in "ordinary" patients with IBD (Crohn's disease). On the other hand, there are several definable point mutations that result in over-active NLRP3 inflammasome activity and in these cases, the gut inflammation is driven by IL-1β and is treatable by biologic agents that block the effects of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan J. Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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37
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Fan TJ, Tchaptchet SY, Arsene D, Mishima Y, Liu B, Sartor RB, Carroll IM, Miao EA, Fodor AA, Hansen JJ. Environmental Factors Modify the Severity of Acute DSS Colitis in Caspase-11-Deficient Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2394-2403. [PMID: 30312415 PMCID: PMC6185382 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and mouse studies implicate the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, though the effects in mice are variable. The noncanonical inflammasome activator caspase-11 (Casp11) reportedly attenuates acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis in mice. However, the effects of Casp11 on chronic experimental colitis and factors that influence the impact of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis are unknown. METHODS We studied the role of Casp11 in Il10-/- mice and acute and chronic DSS colitis mouse models. We quantified colonic Casp11 mRNA using quantative polymerase chain reaction and colitis using weight loss, blinded histological scoring, IL-12/23p40 secretion by colonic explants, and fecal lipocalin-2. We determined fecal microbial composition using 16S amplicon sequencing. RESULTS We detected increased colonic Casp11 mRNA in Il10-/- mice with chronic colitis, but not in mice with DSS colitis. The presence of Casp11 did not alter the severity of chronic colitis in DSS-treated or Il10-/- mice. Contrary to prior reports, we initially observed that Casp11 exacerbates acute DSS colitis. Subsequent experiments in the same animal facility revealed no effect of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis. There were pronounced stochastic changes in the fecal microbiome over this time. The majority of bacterial taxa that changed over time in wild-type vs Casp11-/- mice belong to the Clostridiales. CONCLUSIONS Casp11 does not impact chronic experimental colitis, and its effects on acute DSS colitis vary with environmental factors including the microbiota, particularly Clostridiales. Stochastic drifts in intestinal microbiota composition, even in mice in the same housing facility, should be considered when interpreting studies of acute DSS colitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jia Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sandrine Y Tchaptchet
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diana Arsene
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Hansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Address correspondence to: Jonathan J. Hansen, MD, PhD, Internal Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7341 MBRB, CB 7032, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032 ()
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38
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Lopes de Oliveira GA, Alarcón de la Lastra C, Rosillo MÁ, Castejon Martinez ML, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Rolim Medeiros JV, Villegas I. Preventive effect of bergenin against the development of TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats is associated with inflammatory mediators inhibition and NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 297:25-33. [PMID: 30365937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by intestinal inflammation; blocking this inflammatory process may be the key to the development of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory drugs, with greater efficiency and lower side effects. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of bergenin (BG) in TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced acute colitis model in rats in order to assist in the studies for the development of novel natural product therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. 48 Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: (i) Control and (ii) TNBS control; (iii) 5-ASA 100 mg/kg/day (iv) BG 12 mg/kg/day (v) BG 25 mg/kg/day and (vi) BG 50 mg/kg/day. Colitis was induced by instillation of TNBS. Colitis was evaluated by an independent observer who was blinded to the treatment. Our results revealed that bergenin decreased the macroscopic and microscopic damage signs of colitis, and reduced the degree of neutrophilic infiltration in the colon tissue; also, it was capable to down-regulate COX-2, iNOS, IkB-α, and pSTAT3 protein expression. Similarly, using a protocol for indirect ELISA quantification of cytokines, bergenin treatment reduced IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, and inhibited both canonical (IL-1) and non-canonical (IL-11) NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathways in TNBS-induced acute colitis. Conclusion: Our study has provided evidence that administration of bergenin reduced the damage caused by TNBS in an experimental model of acute colitis in rats, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines probably by modulation of pSTAT3 and NF-κB signaling and blocking canonical and non-canonical NLRP3/ASC inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Antônio Lopes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Piauí, São Sebastião Street 2819, 64202-020, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Catalina Alarcón de la Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Castejon Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Piauí, São Sebastião Street 2819, 64202-020, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Baena-Lopez LA, Arthurton L, Xu DC, Galasso A. Non-apoptotic Caspase regulation of stem cell properties. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:118-126. [PMID: 29102718 PMCID: PMC6191935 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved family of proteins called caspases are the main factors mediating the orchestrated programme of cell suicide known as apoptosis. Since this protein family was associated with this essential biological function, the majority of scientific efforts were focused towards understanding their molecular activation and function during cell death. However, an emerging body of evidence has highlighted a repertoire of non-lethal roles within a large variety of cell types, including stem cells. Here we intend to provide a comprehensive overview of the key role of caspases as regulators of stem cell properties. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible pathological consequences of caspase malfunction in stem cells, and the therapeutic potential of caspase regulation applied to this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Cui Xu
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Galasso
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
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40
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Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14184. [PMID: 30242285 PMCID: PMC6155058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier encompasses structural, permeability and immune aspects of the gut mucosa that, when disrupted, may contribute to chronic inflammation. Although gnotobiotic studies have demonstrated the effects of microbiota on mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as intestinal barrier architecture and innate immune characteristics, its impact on barrier function remains unclear. We compared germ-free and conventional mice, as well as mice colonized with human fecal microbiota that were followed for 21 days post-colonization. Colonic barrier structure was investigated by immunohistochemistry, molecular and electron microscopy techniques. Permeability was assessed in colon tissue by Ussing chambers, and by serum LPS and MDP detection using TLR4- and NOD2-NFκB reporter assays. Microbiota profile was determined by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Low dose dextran sodium sulfate was administered to assess microbiota-induced barrier changes on resistance to colonic injury. Permeability to paracellular probes and mucus layer structure resembled that of conventional mice by day 7 post-colonization, coinciding with reduced claudin-1 expression and transient IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells. These post-colonization adaptations were associated with decreased systemic bacterial antigen exposure and reduced susceptibility to intestinal injury. In conclusion, commensal colonization promotes physiological barrier structural and functional adaptations that contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
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41
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Mass Spectrometry-based Structural Analysis and Systems Immunoproteomics Strategies for Deciphering the Host Response to Endotoxin. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2641-2660. [PMID: 29949751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One cause of sepsis is systemic maladaptive immune response of the host to bacteria and specifically, to Gram-negative bacterial outer-membrane glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS). On the host myeloid cell surface, proinflammatory LPS activates the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 complex. Intracellularly, LPS is also sensed by the noncanonical inflammasome through caspase-11 in mice and 4/5 in humans. The minimal functional determinant for innate immune activation is the membrane anchor of LPS called lipid A. Even subtle modifications to the lipid A scaffold can enable, diminish, or abolish immune activation. Bacteria are known to modify their LPS structure during environmental stress and infection of hosts to alter cellular immune phenotypes. In this review, we describe how mass spectrometry-based structural analysis of endotoxin helped uncover major determinations of molecular pathogenesis. Through characterization of LPS modifications, we now better understand resistance to antibiotics and cationic antimicrobial peptides, as well as how the environment impacts overall endotoxin structure. In addition, mass spectrometry-based systems immunoproteomics approaches can assist in elucidating the immune response against LPS. Many regulatory proteins have been characterized through proteomics and global/targeted analysis of protein modifications, enabling the discovery and characterization of novel endotoxin-mediated protein translational modifications.
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is a site of intense immune cell activity that is poised to mount an effective response against a pathogen and yet maintain tolerance toward commensal bacteria and innocuous dietary antigens. The role of cell death in gut pathologies is particularly important as the intestinal epithelium undergoes self-renewal every 4-7 days through a continuous process of cell death and cell division. Cell death is also required for removal of infected, damaged, and cancerous cells. Certain forms of cell death trigger inflammation through release of damage-associated molecular patterns. Further, molecules involved in cell death decisions also moonlight as critical nodes in immune signaling. The manner of cell death is, therefore, highly instructive of the immunological consequences that ensue. Perturbations in cell death pathways can impact the regulation of the immune system with deleterious consequences. In this review, we discuss the various forms of cell death with a special emphasis on lytic cell death pathways of pyroptosis and necroptosis and their implications in inflammation and cancer in the gut. Understanding the implications of distinct cell death pathways will help in the development of therapeutic interventions in intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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43
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Yuan YY, Xie KX, Wang SL, Yuan LW. Inflammatory caspase-related pyroptosis: mechanism, regulation and therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018; 6:167-176. [PMID: 30151200 PMCID: PMC6101557 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential part of programmed cell death, pyroptosis is an inflammatory response that is elicited upon infection by intracellular pathogens. Metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis and vital organ damage occur if pyroptosis is over-activated. Macrophages are the main cells that induce pyroptosis with the help of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors stimulated by danger signals and pathogenic microorganisms in the cytosol of host cells. Activated inflammatory caspases induce pyroptosis and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Inflammatory programmed cell death is classified as canonical or non-canonical based on inflammatory caspases, which includes caspase-1 (in human and mouse) and caspase-11 (in mouse) or caspase-4 and -5 (in humans). Activated inflammatory caspases cleave the pore-forming effector protein, gasdermin-D, inducing osmotic pressure deregulation of internal fluids and subsequently rupturing the cell membranes. Inflammatory caspases could be attractive therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which pyroptosis may play an important role. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of pyroptosis, focusing on the regulation of inflammatory caspases and therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xie
- Medical Laboratory Technology 1602, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, 172 Tongzipo Road, YueLu District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Sha-Long Wang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lian-Wen Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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44
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Xu DC, Arthurton L, Baena-Lopez LA. Learning on the Fly: The Interplay between Caspases and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5473180. [PMID: 29854765 PMCID: PMC5949197 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5473180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ease of genetic manipulation, as well as the evolutionary conservation of gene function, has placed Drosophila melanogaster as one of the leading model organisms used to understand the implication of many proteins with disease development, including caspases and their relation to cancer. The family of proteases referred to as caspases have been studied over the years as the major regulators of apoptosis: the most common cellular mechanism involved in eliminating unwanted or defective cells, such as cancerous cells. Indeed, the evasion of the apoptotic programme resulting from caspase downregulation is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent investigations have also shown an instrumental role for caspases in non-lethal biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, and cell migration. Importantly, malfunction of these essential biological tasks can deeply impact the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding caspase biology and its interplay with many aspects of cancer, emphasising some of the key findings obtained from Drosophila studies. We also briefly describe the therapeutic potential of caspase modulation in relation to cancer, highlighting shortcomings and hopeful promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13RE, UK
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45
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Microbiota Normalization Reveals that Canonical Caspase-1 Activation Exacerbates Chemically Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2319-2330. [PMID: 28614717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes play a central role in regulating intestinal barrier function and immunity during steady state and disease. Because the discoveries of a passenger mutation and a colitogenic microbiota in the widely used caspase-1-deficient mouse strain have cast doubt on previously identified direct functions of caspase-1, we reassessed the role of caspase-1 in the intestine. To this end, we generated Casp1-/- and Casp11-/- mice and rederived them into an enhanced barrier facility to standardize the microbiota. We found that caspase-11 does not influence caspase-1-dependent processing of IL-18 in homeostasis and during DSS colitis. Deficiency of caspase-1, but not caspase-11, ameliorated the severity of DSS colitis independent of microbiota composition. Ablation of caspase-1 in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to protect mice against DSS colitis. Moreover, Casp1-/- mice developed fewer inflammation-induced intestinal tumors than control mice. These data show that canonical inflammasome activation controls caspase-1 activity, contributing to exacerbation of chemical-induced colitis.
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46
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Chen G, Yang Y, Hu C, Cheng X, Xu Y, Cai X, Wang M, Yang CS, Cao P. Protective effects of Huangqin Decoction against ulcerative colitis and associated cancer in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61643-61655. [PMID: 27557503 PMCID: PMC5308679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a high risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Huangqin Decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula chronicled in the Shang Han Lun, is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. However, experimental evidence for supporting the clinical practice is lacking. This study used modern biomedical approaches to investigate the protective/preventive effects of HQD in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute/chronic UC and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQDs were prepared in 4 different ways: HQD-1 and HQD-2 were prepared in boiling water, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 were prepared in heated ethanol (70%). For HQD-1 and HQD-3, the 4 constituent herbs were processed together, whereas for HQD-2 and HQD4, these herbs were processed individually and then combined. The mice were administered 9.1 g/kg HQD via oral gavage daily. HQD-1 significantly inhibited DSS-induced acute UC, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 exhibited mild ameliorative effects; but HQD-2 had no protective effect and resulted in a higher mortality rate. This higher mortality rate may be due to the greater abundance of baicalein and wogonin in HQD-2 than HQD-1. Furthermore, HQD-1 protected against DSS-induced chronic UC and significantly inhibited AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQD-1 also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant capacity both in chronic DSS and AOM/DSS treated mice. Overall, HQD-1 inhibits the development of acute/chronic colitis and prevents colitis-associated CRC, possibly by inhibiting inflammation and preventing oxidative stress induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
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47
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Rathinam VAK, Chan FKM. Inflammasome, Inflammation, and Tissue Homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:304-318. [PMID: 29433944 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organismal fitness demands proper response to neutralize the threat from infection or injury. At the mammalian intestinal epithelium barrier, the inflammasome coordinates an elaborate tissue repair response marked by the induction of antimicrobial peptides, wound-healing cytokines, and reparative proliferation of epithelial stem cells. The inflammasome in myeloid and intestinal epithelial compartments exerts these effects in part through maintenance of a healthy microbiota. Disease-associated mutations and elevated expression of certain inflammasome sensors have been identified. In many cases, inhibition of inflammasome activity has dramatic effects on disease outcome in mouse models of experimental colitis. Here, we discuss recent studies on the role of distinct inflammasome sensors in intestinal homeostasis and how this knowledge may be translated into a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay A K Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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48
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Kanak MA, Shindo Y, SaiKumar P, Naziruddin B. Role of Inflammasomes in the Development of Gastrointestinal Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:235-268. [PMID: 30536174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been attributed to chronic inflammation, and a few have identified the role of inflammasomes in their pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes comprising of several intracellular proteins that link the sensing of microbial products and metabolic stress to the proteolytic activation of the proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have implicated activation of several families of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) which are major components of inflammasomes in the development and exacerbation of many diseases of human systems. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in some of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and highlight potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar A Kanak
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Inflammasome signalling is an emerging pillar of innate immunity and has a central role in the regulation of gastrointestinal health and disease. Activation of the inflammasome complex mediates both the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the execution of a form of inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. In most cases, these mediators of inflammation provide protection against bacterial, viral and protozoal infections. However, unchecked inflammasome activities perpetuate chronic inflammation, which underpins the molecular and pathophysiological basis of gastritis, IBD, upper and lower gastrointestinal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. Studies have also highlighted an inflammasome signature in the maintenance of gut microbiota and gut-brain homeostasis. Harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of the inflammasome could transform clinical practice in the treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal diseases. This Review presents an overview of inflammasome biology in gastrointestinal health and disease and describes the value of experimental and pharmacological intervention in the treatment of inflammasome-associated clinical manifestations.
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Physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and their effects in an in vivo AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model. Food Res Int 2017; 105:159-168. [PMID: 29433203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has generated great interest in recent years because of its attributed medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds of moringa leaves (MO) and evaluate their effect on a colorectal carcinogenesis model. Twenty-four male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 fed with basal diet (negative control/NC); Group 2 received AOM/DSS (positive control); Groups 3 and 4 were fed with basal diet supplemented with moringa leaves (2.5% w/w and 5% w/w, respectively) for 12weeks. Moringa leaves exhibited a high content of dietary fiber (~18.75%) and insoluble dietary fiber (2.29%). There were identified 9 phenolic compounds whereas the chlorogenic and ρ-coumaric acid showed the higher contents (44.23-63.34μg/g and 180.45-707.42μg/g, respectively). Moringa leaves decreased the activity of harmful fecal enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease up to 40%, 43%, 103% and 266%, respectively) as well tumors incidence in male CD1-mice (~50% with 5% w/v of moringa dose). These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds of moringa such as total dietary fiber and phenolic compounds may have chemopreventive capacity. This is the first study of the suppressive effect of moringa leaves in an in vivo model of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
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