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Quan M, Zhang H, Han X, Ba Y, Cui X, Bi Y, Yi L, Li B. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Landscape of Neutrophils and Highlights the Role of TREM-1 in EAE. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200278. [PMID: 38954781 PMCID: PMC11221915 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neutrophils, underestimated in multiple sclerosis (MS), are gaining increased attention for their significant functions in patients with MS and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. However, the precise role of neutrophils in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), the primary CNS-draining lymph nodes where the autoimmune response is initiated during the progression of EAE, remains poorly understood. METHODS Applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we constructed a comprehensive immune cell atlas of CLNs during development of EAE. Through this atlas, we concentrated on and uncovered the transcriptional landscape, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils, and their crosstalk with immune cells within CLNs in the neuroinflammatory processes in EAE. RESULTS Notably, we observed a substantial increase in the neutrophil population in EAE mice, with a particular emphasis on the significant rise within the CLNs. Neutrophils in CLNs were categorized into 3 subtypes, and we explored the specific roles and developmental trajectories of each distinct neutrophil subtype. Neutrophils were found to engage in extensive interactions with other immune cells, playing crucial roles in T-cell activation. Moreover, our findings highlighted the strong migratory ability of neutrophils to CLNs, partly regulated by triggering the receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1). Inhibiting TREM1 with LR12 prevents neutrophil migration both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, in patients with MS, we confirmed an increase in peripheral neutrophils with an upregulation of TREM-1. DISCUSSION Our research provides a comprehensive and precise single-cell atlas of CLNs in EAE, highlighting the role of neutrophils in regulating the periphery immune response. In addition, TREM-1 emerged as an essential regulator of neutrophil migration to CLNs, holding promise as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuan Quan
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianxian Han
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongbing Ba
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanwei Bi
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Yi
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- From the Department of Neurology (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Ministry of Education, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.); and the Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, (M.Q., H.Z., L.Y., B.L.), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Zhongshan People's Hospital, China; OE Biotech Co. (Yongbing Ba), Ltd. Shanghai, China; and School of Basic Medicine (X.C., Yanwei Bi), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Holt EA, Tyler A, Lakusta-Wong T, Lahue KG, Hankes KC, Teuscher C, Lynch RM, Ferris MT, Mahoney JM, Krementsov DN. Probing the basis of disease heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis using genetically diverse mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597205. [PMID: 38895248 PMCID: PMC11185616 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with significant heterogeneity in disease course and progression. Genetic studies have identified numerous loci associated with MS risk, but the genetic basis of disease progression remains elusive. To address this, we leveraged the Collaborative Cross (CC), a genetically diverse mouse strain panel, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The thirty-two CC strains studied captured a wide spectrum of EAE severity, trajectory, and presentation, including severe-progressive, monophasic, relapsing remitting, and axial rotary (AR)-EAE, accompanied by distinct immunopathology. Sex differences in EAE severity were observed in six strains. Quantitative trait locus analysis revealed distinct genetic linkage patterns for different EAE phenotypes, including EAE severity and incidence of AR-EAE. Machine learning-based approaches prioritized candidate genes for loci underlying EAE severity ( Abcc4 and Gpc6 ) and AR-EAE ( Yap1 and Dync2h1 ). This work expands the EAE phenotypic repertoire and identifies novel loci controlling unique EAE phenotypes, supporting the hypothesis that heterogeneity in MS disease course is driven by genetic variation. Summary The genetic basis of disease heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains elusive. We leveraged the Collaborative Cross to expand the phenotypic repertoire of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and identify loci controlling EAE severity, trajectory, and presentation.
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Zahran A, Hussein HA, Thabet AA, Izzaldin MR, Wardany AA, Sobhy A, Bashir MA, Afifi MM, Ali WA, Rayan A, Saad K, Khalaf MG, Ahmed ME, Sayed NG. Immune Checkpoints Receptors Expression of Macrophage/Monocytes in Response to Acute Viral Respiratory Infection. J Clin Med Res 2024; 16:232-242. [PMID: 38855783 PMCID: PMC11161185 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to monitor the phenotypic changes in macrophages and their polarization in patients with acute viral respiratory diseases, including coronavirus disease diagnosis, focusing on the variations in the percentages of macrophages and monocytes and their sub-populations in those patients compared to healthy control. Moreover, we defined the correlation between macrophage subtypes and some inflammatory indices. Methods Twenty-seven patients with clinical and radiologic diagnosis of acute viral respiratory infection admitted in Al-Azhar and Assiut University hospitals were recruited. Fresh peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients and healthy controls for flow cytometric analysis using BD FACSCanto II analyzer equipped with three lasers. Results Compared to healthy controls, accumulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)11B+CD68+ macrophages (M) (P = 0.018), CD274+ M1 (P = 0.01), CD274+ M2 (P < 0.001), and CD80-CD206+ M2 (P = 0.001) was more evident in patients. Moreover, CD273+ M2 (P = 0.03), CD80+CD206- M1 (P = 0.002), and CD80+CD86+ M1 (P = 0.002) were highly expressed in controls compared with patients. Conclusion The examination of clinical specimens obtained from patients with signs of acute respiratory viral infection showed the role of the macrophage in the immune response. Dysfunction in macrophages results in heightened immune activity and inflammation, which plays a role in the progression of viral diseases and the emergence of accompanying health issues. This malfunction in macrophages is a common characteristic seen in various viruses, making it a promising focus for antiviral therapies with broad applicability. The immune checkpoint could be a target for immune modulation in patients with severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hosni A. Hussein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Izzaldin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Wardany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Bashir
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Magdy M. Afifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wageeh A. Ali
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Elsaeed Ahmed
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha G. Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Wang M, Caryotakis SE, Smith GG, Nguyen AV, Pleasure DE, Soulika AM. CSF1R antagonism results in increased supraspinal infiltration in EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:103. [PMID: 38643194 PMCID: PMC11031888 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the maintenance and function of various myeloid subsets. CSF1R antagonism was previously shown to mitigate clinical severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The associated mechanisms are still not well delineated. METHODS To assess the effect of CSF1R signaling, we employed the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622 formulated in chow (PLX5622 diet, PD) and its control chow (control diet, CD). We examined the effect of PD in steady state and EAE by analyzing cells isolated from peripheral immune organs and from the CNS via flow cytometry. We determined CNS infiltration sites and assessed the extent of demyelination using immunohistochemistry of cerebella and spinal cords. Transcripts of genes associated with neuroinflammation were also analyzed in these tissues. RESULTS In addition to microglial depletion, PD treatment reduced dendritic cells and macrophages in peripheral immune organs, both during steady state and during EAE. Furthermore, CSF1R antagonism modulated numbers and relative frequencies of T effector cells both in the periphery and in the CNS during the early stages of the disease. Classical neurological symptoms were milder in PD compared to CD mice. Interestingly, a subset of PD mice developed atypical EAE symptoms. Unlike previous studies, we observed that the CNS of PD mice was infiltrated by increased numbers of peripheral immune cells compared to that of CD mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CNS infiltrates in PD mice were mainly localized in the cerebellum while in CD mice infiltrates were primarily localized in the spinal cords during the onset of neurological deficits. Accordingly, during the same timepoint, cerebella of PD but not of CD mice had extensive demyelinating lesions, while spinal cords of CD but not of PD mice were heavily demyelinated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CSF1R activity modulates the cellular composition of immune cells both in the periphery and within the CNS, and affects lesion localization during the early EAE stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glendalyn G Smith
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alan V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Sutro Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David E Pleasure
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Balog BM, Sonti A, Zigmond RE. Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102488. [PMID: 37355220 PMCID: PMC10528432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in nervous system injury and disease is attracting increased attention. Much of that research has focused on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Much less attention has been paid to the roles played by neutrophils. Neutrophils are part of the granulocyte subtype of myeloid cells. These cells, like macrophages, originate and differentiate in the bone marrow from which they enter the circulation. After tissue damage or infection, neutrophils are the first immune cells to infiltrate into tissues and are directed there by specific chemokines, which act on chemokine receptors on neutrophils. We have reviewed here the basic biology of these cells, including their differentiation, the types of granules they contain, the chemokines that act on them, the subpopulations of neutrophils that exist, and their functions. We also discuss tools available for identification and further study of neutrophils. We then turn to a review of what is known about the role of neutrophils in CNS and PNS diseases and injury, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, CNS and PNS axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain. While in the past studies have focused on neutrophils deleterious effects, we will highlight new findings about their benefits. Studies on their actions should lead to identification of ways to modify neutrophil effects to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Balog
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Anisha Sonti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
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TAM receptor signaling dictates lesion location and clinical phenotype during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 375:578016. [PMID: 36708633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced by the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells, typically presents with ascending paralysis and inflammatory demyelination of the spinal cord. Brain white matter is relatively spared. Here we show that treatment of Th17 transfer recipients with a highly selective inhibitor to the TAM family of tyrosine kinase receptors results in ataxia associated with a shift of the inflammatory infiltrate to the hindbrain parenchyma. During homeostasis and preclinical EAE, hindbrain microglia express high levels of the TAM receptor Mer. Our data suggest that constitutive TAM receptor signaling in hindbrain microglia confers region-specific protection against Th17 mediated EAE.
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Wang Q, Chen YY, Yang ZC, Yuan HJ, Dong YW, Miao Q, Li YQ, Wang J, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:394-404. [PMID: 36607588 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action. METHODS This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+ and CD45+CD4+ cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 (P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yuan
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yi-Wei Dong
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China.,Department of Neurology, Datong Fifth People's Hospital, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.,Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Research Center of Neurobiology, the Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, 037009, China.
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Central role of B cells in interleukin-23 dependent neuroinflammation in the GF-IL23 model. Neuroreport 2022; 33:577-582. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lidocaine Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Suppressing Tissue Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3827501. [PMID: 34804364 PMCID: PMC8604580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3827501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the fatal symptoms of sepsis. However, there were no effective clinical treatments. TF accumulation-induced fibrin deposit formations and coagulation abnormalities in pulmonary vessels contribute to the lethality of ALI. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) acts as an endogenous negative regulator of the TLR4/TF pathway. We hypothesized that inducing SOCS3 expression using lidocaine to suppress the TLR4/TF pathway may alleviate ALI. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), B-mode ultrasound, and flow cytometry were used to measure the pathological damage of mice. Gelatin zymography was used to measure matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activities. Western blot was used to assay the expression of protein levels. Here, we show that lidocaine could increase the survival rate of ALI mice and ameliorate the lung injury of ALI mice including reducing the edema, neutrophil infiltration, and pulmonary thrombosis formation and increasing blood flow velocity. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo, lidocaine could increase the expression of p-AMPK and SOCS3 and subsequently decrease the expression of p-ASK1, p-p38, TF, and the activity of MMP-2/9. Taken together, our study demonstrated that lidocaine could inhibit the TLR4/ASK1/TF pathway to alleviate ALI via activating AMPK-SOCS3 axis.
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Reece MD, Taylor RR, Song C, Gavegnano C. Targeting Macrophage Dysregulation for Viral Infections: Novel Targets for Immunomodulators. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768695. [PMID: 34790202 PMCID: PMC8591232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) cure is the latent viral reservoir, which persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), including across the non-dividing myeloid reservoir which is found systemically in sanctuary sites across tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike activated CD4+ T cells that undergo rapid cell death during initial infection (due to rapid viral replication kinetics), viral replication kinetics are delayed in non-dividing myeloid cells, resulting in long-lived survival of infected macrophages and macrophage-like cells. Simultaneously, persistent inflammation in macrophages confers immune dysregulation that is a key driver of co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurological deficits in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Macrophage activation and dysregulation is also a key driver of disease progression across other viral infections including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and chikungunya viruses, underscoring the interplay between macrophages and disease progression, pathogenesis, and comorbidity in the viral infection setting. This review discusses the role of macrophages in persistence and pathogenesis of HIV-1 and related comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. A special focus is given to novel immunomodulatory targets for key events driving myeloid cell dysregulation and reservoir maintenance across a diverse array of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D Reece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ruby R Taylor
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Colin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christina Gavegnano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Domínguez-Rivas E, Ávila-Muñoz E, Schwarzacher SW, Zepeda A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: A molecular, cellular and behavioral review. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:286-302. [PMID: 34174334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous generation of new neurons occurs in at least two well-defined niches in the adult rodent brain. One of these areas is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. While the DG is associated with contextual and spatial learning and memory, hippocampal neurogenesis is necessary for pattern separation. Hippocampal neurogenesis begins with the activation of neural stem cells and culminates with the maturation and functional integration of a portion of the newly generated glutamatergic neurons into the hippocampal circuits. The neurogenic process is continuously modulated by intrinsic factors, one of which is neuroinflammation. The administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used as a model of neuroinflammation and has yielded a body of evidence for unveiling the detrimental impact of inflammation upon the neurogenic process. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the effects of the systemic and central administration of LPS upon the different stages of neurogenesis and discuss their effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Domínguez-Rivas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Ávila-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Psenicka MW, Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Williams JL. Connecting Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Are Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells a Nexus of Disease? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:654284. [PMID: 34234647 PMCID: PMC8255483 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.654284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology in neurodegenerative diseases is often accompanied by inflammation. It is well-known that many cells within the central nervous system (CNS) also contribute to ongoing neuroinflammation, which can promote neurodegeneration. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is both an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease in which there is a complex interplay between resident CNS cells to mediate myelin and axonal damage, and this communication network can vary depending on the subtype and chronicity of disease. Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cell of the CNS, and their precursors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), are often thought of as the targets of autoimmune pathology during MS and in several animal models of MS; however, there is emerging evidence that OPCs actively contribute to inflammation that directly and indirectly contributes to neurodegeneration. Here we discuss several contributors to MS disease progression starting with lesion pathology and murine models amenable to studying particular aspects of disease. We then review how OPCs themselves can play an active role in promoting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and how other resident CNS cells including microglia, astrocytes, and neurons can impact OPC function. Further, we outline the very complex and pleiotropic role(s) of several inflammatory cytokines and other secreted factors classically described as solely deleterious during MS and its animal models, but in fact, have many neuroprotective functions and promote a return to homeostasis, in part via modulation of OPC function. Finally, since MS affects patients from the onset of disease throughout their lifespan, we discuss the impact of aging on OPC function and CNS recovery. It is becoming clear that OPCs are not simply a bystander during MS progression and uncovering the active roles they play during different stages of disease will help uncover potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Psenicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brandon C. Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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13
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Selection of a picomolar antibody that targets CXCR2-mediated neutrophil activation and alleviates EAE symptoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2547. [PMID: 33953162 PMCID: PMC8100106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors and their ligands are important therapeutic targets for about one third of marketed drugs. Here, we describe an epitope-guided approach for selection of antibodies that modulate cellular signaling of targeted receptors. We chose CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily as receptor and a CXCR2 N-terminal peptide for antibody selection. We obtain a highly selective, tight-binding antibody from a 1011-member antibody library using combinatorial enrichment. Structural and Hydrogen-Deuterium-Exchange mass spectrometry analyses demonstrate antibody interaction with an N-terminal region of CXCR2 that is part of the IL-8 epitope. The antibody strongly inhibits IL-8-induced and CXCR2-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and alleviates hCXCR2-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in mice. As inappropriate neutrophil migration accompanies many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, glomerulonephritis, allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, this antibody has potential for development as a therapeutic agent, akin to anti-TNF antibodies. However, an important difference here is that the antibody targets the chemokine receptor and competes with natural ligand, rather than targeting the ligand itself. CXCR2 is central to neutrophil chemotaxis and hence to some inflammatory diseases. Here the authors demonstrate the value of an epitope-guided antibody panning method to develop a tight binding anti-hCXCR2 antibody, along with crystal structures of this antibody and antigen, that can block neutrophil chemotaxis and protect mice in an EAE model.
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14
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Nitsch L, Petzinna S, Zimmermann J, Schneider L, Krauthausen M, Heneka MT, Getts DR, Becker A, Müller M. Astrocyte-specific expression of interleukin 23 leads to an aggravated phenotype and enhanced inflammatory response with B cell accumulation in the EAE model. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:101. [PMID: 33906683 PMCID: PMC8080359 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 23 is a critical cytokine in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. But the local impact of interleukin 23 on the course of neuroinflammation is still not well defined. To further characterize the effect of interleukin 23 on CNS inflammation, we recently described a transgenic mouse model with astrocyte-specific expression of interleukin 23 (GF-IL23 mice). The GF-IL23 mice spontaneously develop a progressive ataxic phenotype with cerebellar tissue destruction and inflammatory infiltrates with high amounts of B cells most prominent in the subarachnoid and perivascular space. METHODS To further elucidate the local impact of the CNS-specific interleukin 23 synthesis in autoimmune neuroinflammation, we induced a MOG35-55 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GF-IL23 mice and WT mice and analyzed the mice by histology, flow cytometry, and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS We were able to demonstrate that local interleukin 23 production in the CNS leads to aggravation and chronification of the EAE course with a severe paraparesis and an ataxic phenotype. Moreover, enhanced multilocular neuroinflammation was present not only in the spinal cord, but also in the forebrain, brainstem, and predominantly in the cerebellum accompanied by persisting demyelination. Thereby, interleukin 23 creates a pronounced proinflammatory response with accumulation of leukocytes, in particular B cells, CD4+ cells, but also γδ T cells and activated microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed an enhanced proinflammatory cytokine milieu with upregulation of lymphocyte activation markers, co-stimulatory markers, chemokines, and components of the complement system. CONCLUSION Taken together, the GF-IL23 model allowed a further breakdown of the different mechanisms how IL-23 drives neuroinflammation in the EAE model and proved to be a useful tool to further dissect the impact of interleukin 23 on neuroinflammatory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Nitsch
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Simon Petzinna
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Krauthausen
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R Getts
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Campus Venusberg 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.,School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Ramasamy R, Smith PP. PART 2: Mouse models for multiple sclerosis research. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:958-967. [PMID: 33739481 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction (LUTS/LUTD) contribute to loss of quality of life, morbidity, and need for medical intervention in most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease, clinical manifestations including continence control disorders have traditionally been attributed to the loss of neural signaling due to neurodegeneration. Clinical approaches to MS-LUTS/LUTD have focused on addressing symptoms in the context of urodynamic dysfunctions as pathophysiologic understandings are incomplete. The mouse model provides a useful research platform for discovery of more detailed molecular, cellular, and tissue-level knowledge of the disease and its clinical manifestations. The aim of this two-part review is to provide a state-of-the-art update on the use of the mouse model for MS research, with a focus on lower urinary tract symptoms. Part I presents a summary of current understanding of MS pathophysiology, the impact on lower urinary tract symptoms, and briefly introduces the types of mouse models available to study MS. Part II presents the common animal models that are currently available to study MS, their mechanism, relevance to MS-LUTS/LUTD and their urinary pathophysiology, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalakshmi Ramasamy
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Graduate School, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Phillip P Smith
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Graduate School, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Deerhake ME, Danzaki K, Inoue M, Cardakli ED, Nonaka T, Aggarwal N, Barclay WE, Ji RR, Shinohara ML. Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M. Immunity 2021; 54:484-498.e8. [PMID: 33581044 PMCID: PMC7956124 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic roles of innate immunity in neurologic disorders are well described, but their beneficial aspects are less understood. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor (CLR), is largely known to induce inflammation. Here, we report that Dectin-1 limited experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while its downstream signaling molecule, Card9, promoted the disease. Myeloid cells mediated the pro-resolution function of Dectin-1 in EAE with enhanced gene expression of the neuroprotective molecule, Oncostatin M (Osm), through a Card9-independent pathway, mediated by the transcription factor NFAT. Furthermore, we find that the Osm receptor (OsmR) functioned specifically in astrocytes to reduce EAE severity. Notably, Dectin-1 did not respond to heat-killed Mycobacteria, an adjuvant to induce EAE. Instead, endogenous Dectin-1 ligands, including galectin-9, in the central nervous system (CNS) were involved to limit EAE. Our study reveals a mechanism of beneficial myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk regulated by a Dectin-1 pathway and identifies potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Galectins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Neurogenic Inflammation/immunology
- Oncostatin M/genetics
- Oncostatin M/metabolism
- Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Deerhake
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Emre D Cardakli
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Toshiaki Nonaka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William E Barclay
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Chen J, Liu X, Zhong Y. Interleukin-17A: The Key Cytokine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:566922. [PMID: 33132897 PMCID: PMC7550684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.566922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and/or myelin sheath, which deteriorate over time and cause dysfunction. Interleukin 17A is the signature cytokine of a subset of CD4+ helper T cells known as Th17 cells, and the IL-17 cytokine family contains six cytokines and five receptors. Recently, several studies have suggested a pivotal role for the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine family in human inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and glaucoma. Studies in recent years have shown that the mechanism of action of IL-17A is more subtle than simply causing inflammation. Although the specific mechanism of IL-17A in neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial, it is generally accepted now that IL-17A causes diseases by activating glial cells. In this review article, we will focus on the function of IL-17A, in particular the proposed roles of IL-17A, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu Y, Xia C, Chen J, Fan C, He J. Elevated circulating pro-inflammatory low-density granulocytes in adult-onset Still’s disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:297-303. [PMID: 32757000 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Neutrophilia is a hallmark of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). This study aimed to investigate the role of a distinct subset of granulocytes, the low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in the pathogenesis of AOSD.
Methods
A total of 56 patients with AOSD were included in the study. LDGs were quantified by flow cytometry. Correlations between LDGs with disease activity and laboratory parameters were determined by Spearman’s nonparametric test. The cellular sources of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in AOSD were determined by intracellular staining.
Results
Active AOSD patients displayed significantly higher levels of LDGs compared with inactive AOSD patients and healthy controls (HCs) (P<0.001). Circulating LDGs were significantly correlated with CRP, ESR and the modified Pouchot score in patients with AOSD (P<0.01). The levels of LDGs were significantly decreased after the active AOSD patients achieved disease remission (P=0.0391). CD14+ monocytes constituted over 90% IL-1β+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and over 80% TNF-α+ PBMCs in both active AOSD patients and HCs, respectively. In active AOSD, CD14+ monocytes accounted for 24.6% to 75.0% of IL-6+ PBMCs, while LDGs comprised 22.8% to 72.2% of IL-6+ PBMCs. In contrast, over 90% IL-6+ PBMCs were CD14+ monocytes in HCs. A significant correlation was identified between the levels of LDGs and serum IL-6 levels in AOSD (P<0.0001).
Conclusion
Active AOSD is associated with elevated levels of a pro-inflammatory subset of neutrophils, the LDGs that produce IL-6. Our data highlight an unappreciated role of LDGs in the aberrant innate immune responses in AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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20
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Skinner DD, Lane TE. CXCR2 Signaling and Remyelination in Preclinical Models of Demyelination. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:3-7. [PMID: 31851535 PMCID: PMC6978782 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR2 is a receptor for CXC chemokines, including CXCL1 and CXCL2. CXCR2 is expressed by resident cells of the central nervous system, including neurons, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and oligodendrocytes. CXCR2 signaling is important in regulating OPC biology with regard to positional migration and myelination during development. More recently, studies have argued that CXCR2 is involved in controlling events related to remyelination after experimentally induced demyelination. This review examines the concept that targeting CXCR2 may offer a novel therapeutic target for promoting remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D. Skinner
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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21
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Mir GH, Raphael I, Revu S, Poholek CH, Avery L, Hawse WF, Kane LP, McGeachy MJ. The Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Protein BACE1 Modulates T Cell Activation and Th17 Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:665-675. [PMID: 31209103 PMCID: PMC6650361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is best known for its role in Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaque formation but also contributes to neurodegenerative processes triggered by CNS injury. In this article, we report that BACE1 is expressed in murine CD4+ T cells and regulates signaling through the TCR. BACE1-deficient T cells have reduced IL-17A expression under Th17 conditions and reduced CD73 expression in Th17 and inducible T regulatory cells. However, induction of the Th17 and T regulatory transcription factors RORγt and Foxp3 was unaffected. BACE1-deficient T cells showed impaired pathogenic function in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data identify BACE1 as a novel regulator of T cell signaling pathways that impact autoimmune inflammatory T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Hernandez Mir
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Itay Raphael
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Catherine H Poholek
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - William F Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA15261,Corresponding author
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22
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Yan Z, Yang W, Parkitny L, Gibson SA, Lee KS, Collins F, Deshane JS, Cheng W, Weinmann AS, Wei H, Qin H, Benveniste EN. Deficiency of Socs3 leads to brain-targeted EAE via enhanced neutrophil activation and ROS production. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126520. [PMID: 30939124 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) negatively regulate the JAK/STAT pathway. We previously reported a severe, brain-targeted, atypical form of EAE in mice lacking Socs3 in myeloid cells (Socs3ΔLysM), which is associated with cerebellar neutrophil infiltration. There is emerging evidence that neutrophils are detrimental in the pathology of MS/EAE, however, their exact function is unclear. Here we demonstrate that neutrophils from the cerebellum of Socs3ΔLysM mice show a hyper-activated phenotype with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the peak of EAE. Neutralization of ROS in vivo delayed the onset and reduced severity of atypical EAE. Mechanistically, Socs3-deficient neutrophils exhibit enhanced STAT3 activation, a hyper-activated phenotype in response to G-CSF, and upon G-CSF priming, increased ROS production. Neutralization of G-CSF in vivo significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the atypical EAE phenotype. Overall, our work elucidates that hypersensitivity of G-CSF/STAT3 signaling in Socs3ΔLysM mice leads to atypical EAE by enhanced neutrophil activation and increased oxidative stress, which may explain the detrimental role of G-CSF in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luke Parkitny
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin S Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Forrest Collins
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Wayne Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hairong Wei
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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23
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Cheng Y, Skinner DD, Lane TE. Innate Immune Responses and Viral-Induced Neurologic Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010003. [PMID: 30577473 PMCID: PMC6352557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, axonal damage, and demyelination. Cellular components of the adaptive immune response are viewed as important in initiating formation of demyelinating lesions in MS patients. This notion is supported by preclinical animal models, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as well as approved disease modifying therapies (DMTs) that suppress clinical relapse and are designed to impede infiltration of activated lymphocytes into the CNS. Nonetheless, emerging evidence demonstrates that the innate immune response e.g., neutrophils can amplify white matter damage through a variety of different mechanisms. Indeed, using a model of coronavirus-induced neurologic disease, we have demonstrated that sustained neutrophil infiltration into the CNS of infected animals correlates with increased demyelination. This brief review highlights recent evidence arguing that targeting the innate immune response may offer new therapeutic avenues for treatment of demyelinating disease including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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24
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Woodberry T, Bouffler SE, Wilson AS, Buckland RL, Brüstle A. The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Granulocytes in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E511. [PMID: 30513926 PMCID: PMC6306801 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a strong autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory component. Most of the common disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS modulate the immune response targeting disease associated T and B cells and while none directly target neutrophils, several DMTs do impact their abundance or function. The role of neutrophils in MS remains unknown and research is ongoing to better understand the phenotype, function, and contribution of neutrophils to both disease onset and stage of disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of neutrophils and their function in MS, including in the rodent based MS model, and we discuss the potential effects of current treatments on these functions. We propose that neutrophils are likely to participate in MS pathogenesis and their abundance and function warrant monitoring in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Woodberry
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Sophie E Bouffler
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Alicia S Wilson
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Buckland
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Anne Brüstle
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
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25
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Kant R, Pasi S, Surolia A. Auto-Reactive Th17-Cells Trigger Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder Like Behavior in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2508. [PMID: 30429853 PMCID: PMC6220041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17-lymphocytes are well known for their deleterious role in autoimmunity. But does the notoriety of this repertoire extend beyond autoimmunity? In the present study we employed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as model system to study the role auto-reactive Th17 cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. The mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis exhibited exaggerated grooming activity. The observed behavioral anomaly resembled obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) upon analysis of grooming microstructure, induced grooming, marble burying and nestlet shredding. The observed OCD like behavior was relieved upon Th17 cell depletion; alternatively, it could alone be induced by adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) reactive Th17 in B6.Rag1−/− mice. The observed OCD like behavior was also alleviated upon treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shweta Pasi
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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26
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Stoolman JS, Duncker PC, Huber AK, Giles DA, Washnock-Schmid JM, Soulika AM, Segal BM. An IFNγ/CXCL2 regulatory pathway determines lesion localization during EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:208. [PMID: 30012158 PMCID: PMC6048869 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-reactive T-helper (Th)1 cells induce conventional experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cEAE), characterized by ascending paralysis and monocyte-predominant spinal cord infiltrates, in C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) hosts. The same T cells induce an atypical form of EAE (aEAE), characterized by ataxia and neutrophil-predominant brainstem infiltrates, in syngeneic IFNγ receptor (IFNγR)-deficient hosts. Production of ELR+ CXC chemokines within the CNS is required for the development of aEAE, but not cEAE. The cellular source(s) and localization of ELR+ CXC chemokines in the CNS and the IFNγ-dependent pathways that regulate their production remain to be elucidated. Methods The spatial distribution of inflammatory lesions and CNS expression of the ELR+ CXC chemokines, CXCL1 and CXCL2, were determined via immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. Levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2, and their cognate receptor CXCR2, were measured in/on leukocyte subsets by flow cytometric and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Bone marrow neutrophils and macrophages were cultured with inflammatory stimuli in vitro prior to measurement of CXCL2 and CXCR2 by qPCR or flow cytometry. Results CNS-infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes, and resident microglia, are a prominent source of CXCL2 in the brainstem of IFNγRKO adoptive transfer recipients during aEAE. In WT transfer recipients, IFNγ directly suppresses CXCL2 transcription in microglia and myeloid cells, and CXCR2 transcription in CNS-infiltrating neutrophils. Consequently, infiltration of the brainstem parenchyma from the adjacent meninges is blocked during cEAE. CXCL2 directly stimulates its own expression in cultured neutrophils, which is enhanced by IL-1 and suppressed by IFNγ. Conclusions We provide evidence for an IFNγ-regulated CXCR2/CXCL2 autocrine/paracrine feedback loop in innate immune cells that determines the location of CNS infiltrates during Th1-mediated EAE. When IFNγ signaling is impaired, myeloid cell production of CXCL2 increases, which promotes brainstem inflammation and results in clinical ataxia. IFNγ, produced within the CNS of WT recipients, suppresses myeloid cell CXCR2 and CXCL2 production, thereby skewing the location of neuroinflammatory infiltrates to the spinal cord and the clinical phenotype to an ascending paralysis. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which IFNγ and CXCL2 interact to direct regional recruitment of leukocytes in the CNS, resulting in distinct clinical presentations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1237-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Stoolman
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M410, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Patrick C Duncker
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David A Giles
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jesse M Washnock-Schmid
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospital, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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27
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Grist JJ, Marro BS, Skinner DD, Syage AR, Worne C, Doty DJ, Fujinami RS, Lane TE. Induced CNS expression of CXCL1 augments neurologic disease in a murine model of multiple sclerosis via enhanced neutrophil recruitment. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1199-1210. [PMID: 29697856 PMCID: PMC6033633 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to an important role for neutrophils in participating in the pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disease MS and the animal model EAE. Therefore, a better understanding of the signals controlling migration of neutrophils as well as evaluating the role of these cells in demyelination is important to define cellular components that contribute to disease in MS patients. In this study, we examined the functional role of the chemokine CXCL1 in contributing to neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE. Using transgenic mice in which expression of CXCL1 is under the control of a tetracycline‐inducible promoter active within glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive cells, we have shown that sustained CXCL1 expression within the CNS increased the severity of clinical and histologic disease that was independent of an increase in the frequency of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. Rather, disease was associated with enhanced recruitment of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils into the spinal cord. Targeting neutrophils resulted in a reduction in demyelination arguing for a role for these cells in myelin damage. Collectively, these findings emphasize that CXCL1‐mediated attraction of neutrophils into the CNS augments demyelination suggesting that this signaling pathway may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Grist
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amber R Syage
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Colleen Worne
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, UT, USA
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28
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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29
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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30
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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31
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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32
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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33
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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34
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood–brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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35
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Pierson ER, Wagner CA, Goverman JM. The contribution of neutrophils to CNS autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018; 189:23-28. [PMID: 27377536 PMCID: PMC5203971 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be initiated when myelin-specific T cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), triggering subsequent recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the CNS. The contribution of neutrophils to CNS autoimmune disease has been underappreciated, but several studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, indicate that neutrophils have an important role in inflammation. Neutrophils are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of EAE by producing cytokines and promoting breakdown of the blood brain barrier. Neutrophils may also influence the manifestation of EAE by facilitating parenchymal brain inflammation. This review summarizes evidence supporting a functional role for neutrophils in EAE and MS, highlighting the differential regulation of neutrophil recruitment in the brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Pierson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Box 358059, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109-8509, USA
| | - Catriona A Wagner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Box 358059, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109-8509, USA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Box 358059, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109-8509, USA.
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36
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Yan Z, Gibson SA, Buckley JA, Qin H, Benveniste EN. Role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in regulation of innate immunity in neuroinflammatory diseases. Clin Immunol 2018; 189:4-13. [PMID: 27713030 PMCID: PMC5573639 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines and interferons, and is essential for the development and function of both innate and adaptive immunity. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is evident in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease. Innate immunity is the front line defender of the immune system and is composed of various cell types, including microglia, macrophages and neutrophils. Innate immune responses have both pathogenic and protective roles in neuroinflammation, depending on disease context and the microenvironment in the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases, how the JAK/STAT signaling pathway regulates the innate immune response, and finally, the potential for ameliorating neuroinflammation by utilization of JAK/STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jessica A Buckley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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37
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Grist JJ, Marro B, Lane TE. Neutrophils and viral-induced neurologic disease. Clin Immunol 2018; 189:52-56. [PMID: 27288312 PMCID: PMC5145788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by neurotropic viruses represents an increasing worldwide problem in terms of morbidity and mortality for people of all ages. Although unique structural features of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) provide a physical and physiological barrier, a number of neurotropic viruses are able to enter the CNS resulting in a variety of pathological outcomes. Nonetheless, antigen-specific lymphocytes are ultimately able to accumulate within the CNS and contribute to defense by reducing or eliminating the invading viral pathogen. Alternatively, infiltration of activated cells of the immune system may be detrimental, as these cells can contribute to neuropathology that may result in long-term cellular damage or death. More recently, myeloid cells e.g. neutrophils have been implicated in contributing to both host defense and disease in response to viral infection of the CNS. This review highlights recent studies using coronavirus-induced neurologic disease as a model to determine how neutrophils affect effective control of viral replication as well as demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Grist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Brett Marro
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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38
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Sonar SA, Lal G. Blood-brain barrier and its function during inflammation and autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:839-853. [PMID: 29431873 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1117-428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiologic barrier that separates CNS from soluble inflammatory mediators and effector immune cells from peripheral circulation. The optimum function of the BBB is necessary for the homeostasis, maintenance, and proper neuronal function. The clinical and experimental findings have shown that BBB dysfunction is an early hallmark of various neurologic disorders ranging from inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and traumatic diseases to neuroinvasive infections. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the regulation of BBB function under homeostatic and neuroinflammatory conditions. Several neurologic disease-modifying drugs have shown to improve the BBB function. However, they have a broad-acting immunomodulatory function and can increase the risk of life-threatening infections. The recent development of in vitro multicomponent 3-dimensional BBB models coupled with fluidics chamber as well as a cell-type specific reporter and knockout mice gave a new boost to our understanding of the dynamics of the BBB. In the review, we discuss the current understanding of BBB composition and recent findings that illustrate the critical regulatory elements of the BBB function under physiologic and inflammatory conditions, and also suggested the strategies to control BBB structure and function.
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Fan YX, Qian C, Liu B, Wang C, Liu H, Pan X, Teng P, Hu L, Zhang G, Han Y, Yang M, Wu XF, Liu WT. Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 via HSF-1-HSP70-TLR4 axis attenuates neuroinflammation and ameliorates postoperative pain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:111-122. [PMID: 29017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain is a common form of acute pain that, if not managed effectively, can become chronic pain. Evidence has shown that glia, especially microglia, mediate neuroinflammation, which plays a vital role in pain sensitization. Moreover, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R), the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) have been considered key components in central pain sensitization and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the body's endogenous "immune brakes" will inhibit these receptors and achieve inflammation tolerance as well as relieve postoperative pain. After searching for potential candidates to serve as this immune brake, we identified and focused on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene. To regulate SOCS3 expression, we used paeoniflorin to induce heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/TLR4 signaling. We found that paeoniflorin significantly induced SOCS3 expression both in vitro and in vivo and promoted the efflux of HSP70 from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin markedly attenuated incision-induced mechanical allodynia, and this effect was abolished by small interfering RNAs targeting SOCS3. These findings demonstrated an effective and safe strategy to alleviate postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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40
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McFarland BC, Marks MP, Rowse AL, Fehling SC, Gerigk M, Qin H, Benveniste EN. Loss of SOCS3 in myeloid cells prolongs survival in a syngeneic model of glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20621-35. [PMID: 26967393 PMCID: PMC4991480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioma, microglia and macrophages are the largest population of tumor-infiltrating cells, referred to as glioma associated macrophages (GAMs). Herein, we sought to determine the role of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), in GAM functionality in glioma. We utilized a conditional model in which SOCS3 deletion is restricted to the myeloid cell population. We found that SOCS3-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages display enhanced and prolonged expression of pro-inflammatory M1 cytokines when exposed to glioma tumor cell conditioned medium in vitro. Moreover, we found that deletion of SOCS3 in the myeloid cell population delays intracranial tumor growth and increases survival of mice bearing orthotopic glioma tumors in vivo. Although intracranial tumors from mice with SOCS3-deficient myeloid cells appear histologically similar to control mice, we observed that loss of SOCS3 in myeloid cells results in decreased M2 polarized macrophage infiltration in the tumors. Furthermore, loss of SOCS3 in myeloid cells results in increased CD8+ T-cell and decreased regulatory T-cell infiltration in the tumors. These findings demonstrate a beneficial effect of M1 polarized macrophages on suppressing glioma tumor growth, and highlight the importance of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden C McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Margaret P Marks
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber L Rowse
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel C Fehling
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Liu Y, Gibson SA, Benveniste EN, Qin H. Opportunities for Translation from the Bench: Therapeutic Intervention of the JAK/STAT Pathway in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 35:505-27. [PMID: 27279046 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016015517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. These immune cells secrete aberrantly high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that pathogenically bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and damage neurons and oligodendrocytes. These cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-12, IL-21, IL-23, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). It is, therefore, not surprising that both the dysregulated expression of these cytokines and the subsequent activation of their downstream signaling cascades is a common feature in MS/EAE. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines for signal transduction and is essential for the development and regulation of immune responses. Unbridled activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines has been demonstrated to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of the involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE, with a particular focus on therapeutic approaches to target the JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294; Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
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Azcutia V, Parkos CA, Brazil JC. Role of negative regulation of immune signaling pathways in neutrophil function. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:10.1002/JLB.3MIR0917-374R. [PMID: 29345376 PMCID: PMC6203665 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0917-374r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in host defense against infection and in the resolution of inflammation. However, immune responses mediated by PMN must be tightly regulated to facilitate elimination of invading pathogens without inducing detrimental inflammation and host tissue damage. Specific engagement of cell surface immunoreceptors by a diverse range of extracellular signals regulates PMN effector functions through differential activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Although mechanisms of PMN activation mediated via cell signaling pathways have been well described, less is known about negative regulation of PMN function by immune signaling cascades. Here, we provide an overview of immunoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of key PMN effector functions including maturation, migration, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species release, degranulation, apoptosis, and NET formation. Increased understanding of mechanisms of suppression of PMN effector functions may point to possible future therapeutic targets for the amelioration of PMN-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Rüther BJ, Scheld M, Dreymueller D, Clarner T, Kress E, Brandenburg LO, Swartenbroekx T, Hoornaert C, Ponsaerts P, Fallier-Becker P, Beyer C, Rohr SO, Schmitz C, Chrzanowski U, Hochstrasser T, Nyamoya S, Kipp M. Combination of cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to study inflammatory brain lesion formation and progression. Glia 2017; 65:1900-1913. [PMID: 28836302 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-intrinsic degenerative cascades are a proposed factor driving inflammatory lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We recently described a model combining noninflammatory cytodegeneration (via cuprizone) with the classic active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Cup/EAE model), which exhibits inflammatory forebrain lesions. Here, we describe the histopathological characteristics and progression of these Cup/EAE lesions. We show that inflammatory lesions develop at various topographical sites in the forebrain, including white matter tracts and cortical and subcortical grey matter areas. The lesions are characterized by focal demyelination, discontinuation of the perivascular glia limitans, focal axonal damage, and neutrophil granulocyte extravasation. Transgenic mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing microglia and red fluorescent protein-expressing monocytes reveal that both myeloid cell populations contribute to forebrain inflammatory infiltrates. EAE-triggered inflammatory cerebellar lesions were augmented in mice pre-intoxicated with cuprizone. Gene expression studies suggest roles of the chemokines Cxcl10, Ccl2, and Ccl3 in inflammatory lesion formation. Finally, follow-up experiments in Cup/EAE mice with chronic disease revealed that forebrain, but not spinal cord, lesions undergo spontaneous reorganization and repair. This study underpins the significance of brain-intrinsic degenerative cascades for immune cell recruitment and, in consequence, MS lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Josef Rüther
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Miriam Scheld
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Tine Swartenbroekx
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sven Olaf Rohr
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Uta Chrzanowski
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Tanja Hochstrasser
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Stella Nyamoya
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
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Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Protects Against α-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5144-59. [PMID: 27147665 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4658-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parkinson's Disease (PD) is an age-related, chronic neurodegenerative disorder. At present, there are no disease-modifying therapies to prevent PD progression. Activated microglia and neuroinflammation are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Accumulation of α-synuclein (α-SYN) in the brain is a core feature of PD and leads to microglial activation, inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, and ultimately to neurodegeneration. Given the importance of the JAK/STAT pathway in activating microglia and inducing cytokine/chemokine expression, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway using the JAK1/2 inhibitor, AZD1480. In vitro, α-SYN exposure activated the JAK/STAT pathway in microglia and macrophages, and treatment with AZD1480 inhibited α-SYN-induced major histocompatibility complex Class II and inflammatory gene expression in microglia and macrophages by reducing STAT1 and STAT3 activation. For in vivo studies, we used a rat model of PD induced by viral overexpression of α-SYN. AZD1480 treatment inhibited α-SYN-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing microglial activation, macrophage and CD4(+) T-cell infiltration and production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Numerous genes involved in cell-cell signaling, nervous system development and function, inflammatory diseases/processes, and neurological diseases are enhanced in the substantia nigra of rats with α-SYN overexpression, and inhibited upon treatment with AZD1480. Importantly, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway prevented the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo These results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway can prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by suppressing activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to α-SYN. Furthermore, this suggests the feasibility of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway as a neuroprotective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT α-SYN plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PD through initiation of neuroinflammatory responses. Using an α-SYN overexpression PD model, we demonstrate a beneficial therapeutic effect of AZD1480, a specific inhibitor of JAK1/2, in suppressing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Our findings document that inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway influences both innate and adaptive immune responses by suppressing α-SYN-induced microglia and macrophage activation and CD4(+) T-cell recruitment into the CNS, ultimately suppressing neurodegeneration. These findings are the first documentation that suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway disrupts the circuitry of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, thus attenuating PD pathogenesis. JAK inhibitors may be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of PD patients.
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Pierson ER, Goverman JM. GM-CSF is not essential for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis but promotes brain-targeted disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e92362. [PMID: 28405624 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been used as an animal model of multiple sclerosis to identify pathogenic cytokines that could be therapeutic targets. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is the only cytokine reported to be essential for EAE. We investigated the role of GM-CSF in EAE in C3HeB/FeJ mice that uniquely exhibit extensive brain and spinal cord inflammation. Unexpectedly, GM-CSF-deficient C3HeB/FeJ mice were fully susceptible to EAE because IL-17 activity compensated for the loss of GM-CSF during induction of spinal cord-targeted disease. In contrast, both GM-CSF and IL-17 were needed to fully overcome the inhibitory influence of IFN-γ on the induction of inflammation in the brain. Both GM-CSF and IL-17 independently promoted neutrophil accumulation in the brain, which was essential for brain-targeted disease. These results identify a GM-CSF/IL-17/IFN-γ axis that regulates inflammation in the central nervous system and suggest that a combination of cytokine-neutralizing therapies may be needed to dampen central nervous system autoimmunity.
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46
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Casserly CS, Nantes JC, Whittaker Hawkins RF, Vallières L. Neutrophil perversion in demyelinating autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms to medicine. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:294-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Liang J, Li N, Zhang Y, Hou C, Yang X, Shimizu T, Wang X, Ikenaka K, Fan K, Ma J. Disinhibition of Cathepsin C Caused by Cystatin F Deficiency Aggravates the Demyelination in a Cuprizone Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:152. [PMID: 28066178 PMCID: PMC5175397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the precise mechanism underlying initial lesion development in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear, CNS inflammation has long been associated with demyelination, and axonal degeneration. The activation of microglia/macrophages, which serve as innate immune cells in the CNS, is the first reaction to even minor pathologic changes in the CNS and is considered an initial pathogenic event in MS. Microglial activation accompanies a variety of gene expressions, including cystatin F (Cys F), which belongs to the cystatin superfamily and is one of the cathepsin inhibitors. In our previous study we showed that Cys F has a unique expression pattern in microglia/macrophages in the demyelination process. Specifically, the timing of Cys F induction correlated with ongoing demyelination, and the sites of Cys F expression overlapped with areas of remyelination. Cys F induction ceased in chronic demyelination when remyelination capacity was lost, suggesting that Cys F expressed by microglia/macrophages may play an important role in demyelination and/or remyelination. The functional role of Cys F in demyelinating disease of the CNS, however, is unclear. Cys F gene knockout mice were used in the current study to clarify the functional role of Cys F in the demyelination process in a cuprizone-induced demyelination animal model. We demonstrated that absence of the Cys F gene and the resulting disinhibition of cathepsin C (Cat C) aggravates the demyelination, and this finding may be related to the increased expression of the glia-derived chemokine, CXCL2, which may attract inflammatory cells to sites of myelin sheath damage. This effect was reversed by knock down of the Cat C gene. The findings gain further insight to function of Cat C in pathophysiology of MS, which may have implications for therapeutics for the prevention of neuroinflammation-involved neurological disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Cardiovascular Division, Hailar People's HospitalHailar, China
| | - Ning Li
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Department of Surgery, Wafangdian Central HospitalDalian, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Changyi Hou
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases Dalian, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Department of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi, Japan
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
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48
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An interferon-β-resistant and NLRP3 inflammasome-independent subtype of EAE with neuronal damage. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1599-1609. [PMID: 27820602 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation induced by innate immunity influences the development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that strong activation of innate immunity induced Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-independent and interferon-β (IFNβ)-resistant EAE (termed type B EAE), whereas EAE induced by weak activation of innate immunity requires the NLRP3 inflammasome and is sensitive to IFNβ treatment. Instead, an alternative inflammatory mechanism, including membrane-bound lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), is involved in type B EAE development, and type B EAE is ameliorated by antagonizing these receptors. Relative expression of Ltbr and Cxcr2 genes was indeed enhanced in patients with IFNβ-resistant multiple sclerosis. Remission was minimal in type B EAE due to neuronal damages induced by semaphorin 6B upregulation on CD4+ T cells. Our data reveal a new inflammatory mechanism by which an IFNβ-resistant EAE subtype develops.
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49
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Zhao J, Yu H, Liu Y, Gibson SA, Yan Z, Xu X, Gaggar A, Li PK, Li C, Wei S, Benveniste EN, Qin H. Protective effect of suppressing STAT3 activity in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L868-L880. [PMID: 27638904 PMCID: PMC5130536 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00281.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are diseases with high mortality. Macrophages and neutrophils are responsible for inflammatory responses in ALI and ARDS, which are characterized by excessive production of proinflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is critical for persistent inflammation in many conditions such as infection and autoimmunity. Given the importance of the STAT3 transcription factor in activating macrophages and neutrophils and augmenting inflammation, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting STAT3 activity using the small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LLL12. Our results demonstrate that LPS induces STAT3 activation in macrophages in vitro and in CD45+CD11b+ cells from BALF in the LPS-induced ALI model in vivo. LLL12 treatment inhibits LPS-induced lung inflammation in the ALI model, which is accompanied by suppression of LPS-induced STAT3 activation and an inhibition of macrophage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung and BALF. LLL12 treatment also suppresses expression of proinflammatory genes including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, CCL2, and MHC class II in macrophages and inflammatory cells from BALF and serum as determined by ELISA. Furthermore, hyperactivation of STAT3 in LysMCre-SOCS3fl/fl mice accelerates the severity of inflammation in the ALI model. Both pre- and post-LPS treatment with LLL12 decrease LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice with ALI. Importantly, LLL12 treatment attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by plasma from patients with ARDS, which suggests the feasibility of targeting the STAT3 pathway therapeutically for patients with ALI and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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Johnson MC, Pierson ER, Spieker AJ, Nielsen AS, Posso S, Kita M, Buckner JH, Goverman JM. Distinct T cell signatures define subsets of patients with multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2016; 3:e278. [PMID: 27606354 PMCID: PMC4996538 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated T cell responses to myelin proteins in the blood of healthy controls and 2 groups of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who exhibited lesions either predominantly in the brain or predominantly in the spinal cord in order to assess whether distinct neuroinflammatory patterns were associated with different myelin protein-specific T cell effector function profiles and whether these profiles differed from healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from patients with brain-predominant RRMS, patients with spinal cord-predominant RRMS, and age-matched healthy controls and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays to quantify interferon gamma-secreting (Th1) and interleukin 17-secreting (Th17) cells responding directly ex vivo to myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). RESULTS Although MBP and MOG elicited different responses, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had spinal cord-predominant lesions exhibited significantly higher Th17:Th1 ratios in response to both MBP and MOG compared to patients with brain-predominant MS. Incorporating the cytokine responses to both antigens into logistic regression models showed that these cytokine responses were able to provide good discrimination between patients with distinct neuroinflammatory patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the localization of lesions within the brain vs the spinal cord in patients with MS is associated with different effector T cell responses to myelin proteins. Further investigation of the relationship between T cell effector function, antigen specificities, and lesion sites may reveal features of pathogenic pathways that are distinct to patients with different neuroinflammatory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Johnson
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Emily R Pierson
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew J Spieker
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - A Scott Nielsen
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Sylvia Posso
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Mariko Kita
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Departments of Immunology (M.C.J., E.R.P., J.M.G.) and Biostatistics (A.J.S.), University of Washington, Seattle; Neuroscience Institute (A.S.N., M.K.), Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle; and Translational Research Program at the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (S.P., J.H.B.), Seattle, WA
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