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Vašíček T, Arensmeyer B, Monti A, Zamyatina A. Versatile approach towards fully desymmetrized trehalose with a novel set of orthogonal protecting groups. Front Chem 2024; 11:1332837. [PMID: 38274896 PMCID: PMC10808579 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1332837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-containing glycans play an essential role in bacterial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interaction, and cell signaling. The investigation of trehalose uptake and metabolism in Mycobacteria using synthetic desymmetrized trehalose probes is an important approach for the development of diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics for tuberculosis. Trehalose-derived mycobacterial glycolipids activate the innate immune response through recognition by the C-type lectin Mincle, justifying efforts to develop novel trehalose-based Mincle-dependent adjuvants. The chemical synthesis of trehalose-based glycoconjugates, glycolipids, and small-molecule trehalose probes requires the challenging chemical desymmetrization of eight hydroxyl groups in a C 2-symmetric disaccharide αGlc(1↔1)αGlc. Using a novel set of orthogonal protecting groups, we developed a flexible multiscale synthetic approach to a collection of differently and variably protected fully desymmetrized trehalose derivatives, ready for final chemical modification with relevant functional or reporter groups. Using a regioselective and site-specific protecting group strategy, we performed multiple symmetry-breaking operations, resulting in a library of trehalose-derived orthogonally protected building blocks as a versatile source for the synthesis of complex trehalose-containing glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zihad SNK, Sifat N, Islam MA, Monjur-Al-Hossain A, Sikdar KYK, Sarker MMR, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20636. [PMID: 37842564 PMCID: PMC10570006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major invasive intracellular pathogens causing most deaths by a single infectious agent. The interaction between host immune cells and this pathogen is the focal point of the disease, Tuberculosis. Host immune cells not only mount the protective action against this pathogen but also serve as the primary niche for growth. Thus, recognition of this pathogen by host immune cells and following signaling cascades are key dictators of the disease state. Immune cells, mainly belonging to myeloid cell lineage, recognize a wide variety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligands ranging from carbohydrate and lipids to proteins to nucleic acids by different membrane-bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors. Simultaneous interaction between different host receptors and pathogen ligands leads to immune-inflammatory response as well as contributes to virulence. This review summarizes the contribution of pattern recognition receptors of host immune cells in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of signaling pathways to provide the molecular insight of the specific Mtb ligands interacting with specific PRR, key adaptor molecules of the downstream signaling pathways and the resultant effector functions which will aid in identifying novel drug targets, and developing novel drugs and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Nolam, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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3
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Kulkarni R, Kasani SK, Tsai CY, Tung SY, Yeh KH, Yu CHA, Chang W. FAM21 is critical for TLR2/CLEC4E-mediated dendritic cell function against Candida albicans. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201414. [PMID: 36717248 PMCID: PMC9888482 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM21 (family with sequence similarity 21) is a component of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) protein complex that mediates actin polymerization at endosomal membranes to facilitate sorting of cargo-containing vesicles out of endosomes. To study the function of FAM21 in vivo, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background in which FAM21 was specifically knocked out of CD11c-positive dendritic cells. BMDCs from those mice displayed enlarged early endosomes, and altered cell migration and morphology relative to WT cells. FAM21-cKO cells were less competent in phagocytosis and protein antigen presentation in vitro, though peptide antigen presentation was not affected. More importantly, we identified the TLR2/CLEC4E signaling pathway as being down-regulated in FAM21-cKO BMDCs when challenged with its specific ligand Candida albicans Moreover, FAM21-cKO mice were more susceptible to C. albicans infection than WT mice. Reconstitution of WT BMDCs in FAM21-cKO mice rescued them from lethal C. albicans infection. Thus, our study highlights the importance of FAM21 in a host immune response against a significant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kulkarni
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siti Khadijah Kasani
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hai Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Fuchsberger FF, Kim D, Baranova N, Vrban H, Kagelmacher M, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C. Information transfer in mammalian glycan-based communication. eLife 2023; 12:69415. [PMID: 36803584 PMCID: PMC10014076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-binding proteins, so-called lectins, are exposed on mammalian cell surfaces and decipher the information encoded within glycans translating it into biochemical signal transduction pathways in the cell. These glycan-lectin communication pathways are complex and difficult to analyze. However, quantitative data with single-cell resolution provide means to disentangle the associated signaling cascades. We chose C-type lectin receptors (CTLs) expressed on immune cells as a model system to study their capacity to transmit information encoded in glycans of incoming particles. In particular, we used nuclear factor kappa-B-reporter cell lines expressing DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), dectin-1, dectin-2, and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), as well as TNFαR and TLR-1&2 in monocytic cell lines and compared their transmission of glycan-encoded information. All receptors transmit information with similar signaling capacity, except dectin-2. This lectin was identified to be less efficient in information transmission compared to the other CTLs, and even when the sensitivity of the dectin-2 pathway was enhanced by overexpression of its co-receptor FcRγ, its transmitted information was not. Next, we expanded our investigation toward the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways including synergistic lectins, which is crucial during pathogen recognition. We show how the signaling capacity of lectin receptors using a similar signal transduction pathway (dectin-1 and dectin-2) is being integrated by compromising between the lectins. In contrast, co-expression of MCL synergistically enhanced the dectin-2 signaling capacity, particularly at low-glycan stimulant concentration. By using dectin-2 and other lectins as examples, we demonstrate how signaling capacity of dectin-2 is modulated in the presence of other lectins, and therefore, the findings provide insight into how immune cells translate glycan information using multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Fuchsberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Natalia Baranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Hanka Vrban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Marten Kagelmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
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5
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Schick J, Altunay M, Lacorcia M, Marschner N, Westermann S, Schluckebier J, Schubart C, Bodendorfer B, Christensen D, Alexander C, Wirtz S, Voehringer D, da Costa CP, Lang R. IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity. eLife 2023; 12:72923. [PMID: 36753434 PMCID: PMC9908076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor (CLR) MINCLE senses the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM). Recently, we found that IL-4 downregulates MINCLE expression in macrophages. IL-4 is a hallmark cytokine in helminth infections, which appear to increase the risk for mycobacterial infection and active tuberculosis. Here, we investigated functional consequences of IL-4 and helminth infection on MINCLE-driven macrophage activation and Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity. IL-4 inhibited MINCLE and cytokine induction after macrophage infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Infection of mice with BCG upregulated MINCLE on myeloid cells, which was inhibited by IL-4 plasmid injection and by infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in monocytes. To determine the impact of helminth infection on MINCLE-dependent immune responses, we vaccinated mice with a recombinant protein together with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) as adjuvant. Concurrent infection with N. brasiliensis or with Schistosoma mansoni promoted T cell-derived IL-4 production and suppressed Th1/Th17 differentiation in the spleen. In contrast, helminth infection did not reduce Th1/Th17 induction by TDB in draining peripheral lymph nodes, where IL-4 levels were unaltered. Upon use of the TLR4-dependent adjuvant G3D6A, N. brasiliensis infection impaired selectively the induction of splenic antigen-specific Th1 but not of Th17 cells. Inhibition of MINCLE-dependent Th1/Th17 responses in mice infected with N. brasiliensis was dependent on IL-4/IL-13. Thus, helminth infection attenuated the Th17 response to MINCLE-dependent immunization in an organ- and adjuvant-specific manner via the Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. Taken together, our results demonstrate downregulation of MINCLE expression on monocytes and macrophages by IL-4 as a possible mechanism of thwarted Th17 vaccination responses by underlying helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Meltem Altunay
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthew Lacorcia
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nathalie Marschner
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Stefanie Westermann
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Julia Schluckebier
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Christoph Schubart
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Alexander
- Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center BorstelBorstelGermany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - David Voehringer
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
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6
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McMillan JKP, O’Donnell P, Chang SP. Pattern recognition receptor ligand-induced differentiation of human transitional B cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273810. [PMID: 36040923 PMCID: PMC9426890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells represent a critical component of the adaptive immune response whose development and differentiation are determined by antigen-dependent and antigen-independent interactions. In this study, we explored the effects of IL-4 and pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) ligands on B cell development and differentiation by investigating their capacity to drive the in vitro maturation of human transitional B cells. In the presence of IL-4, ligands for TLR7/8, TLR9, and NOD1 were effective in driving the in vitro maturation of cord blood transitional B cells into mature, naïve B cells as measured by CD23 expression, ABCB1 transporter activation and upregulation of sIgM and sIgD. In addition, several stimulation conditions, including TLR9 ligand alone, favored an expansion of CD27+ IgM memory B cells. Transitional B cells stimulated with TLR7/8 ligand + IL-4 or TLR9 ligand, with or without IL-4, induced a significant subpopulation of CD23+CD27+ B cells expressing high levels of sIgM and sIgD, a minor B cell subpopulation found in human peripheral blood. These studies illustrate the heterogeneity of the B cell populations induced by cytokine and PRR ligand stimulation. A comparison of transitional and mature, naïve B cells transcriptomes to identify novel genes involved in B cell maturation revealed that mature, naïve B cells were less transcriptionally active than transitional B cells. Nevertheless, a subset of differentially expressed genes in mature, naïve B cells was identified including genes associated with the IL-4 signaling pathway, PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the TNFR superfamily. When transitional B cells were stimulated in vitro with IL-4 and PRR ligands, gene expression was found to be dependent on the nature of the stimulants, suggesting that exposure to these stimulants may alter the developmental fate of transitional B cells. The influence of IL-4 and PRR signaling on transitional B cell maturation illustrates the potential synergy that may be achieved when certain PRR ligands are incorporated as adjuvants in vaccine formulations and presented to developing B cells in the context of an inflammatory cytokine environment. These studies demonstrate the potential of the PRR ligands to drive transitional B cell differentiation in the periphery during infection or vaccination independently of antigen mediated BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan K. P. McMillan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick O’Donnell
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Hawaii Pacific Health, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Sandra P. Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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Desel C, Murray PJ, Lehmann CHK, Heger L, Christensen D, Andersen P, Mack M, Dudziak D, Lang R. Monocytes Elicit a Neutrophil-Independent Th1/Th17 Response Upon Immunization With a Mincle-Dependent Glycolipid Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880474. [PMID: 35585969 PMCID: PMC9108773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful subunit vaccination with recombinant proteins requires adjuvants. The glycolipid trehalose-dibehenate (TDB), a synthetic analog of the mycobacterial cord factor, potently induces Th1 and Th17 immune responses and is a candidate adjuvant for human immunization. TDB binds to the C-type lectin receptor Mincle and triggers Syk-Card9-dependent APC activation. In addition, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor/MyD88-dependent signaling is required for TDB adjuvanticity. The role of different innate immune cell types in adjuvant-stimulated Th1/Th17 responses is not well characterized. We investigated cell recruitment to the site of injection (SOI) and to the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) after immunization with the TDB containing adjuvant CAF01 in a protein-based vaccine. Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the SOI and the dramatic increase in lymph node cellularity was partially dependent on both Mincle and MyD88. Despite their large numbers at the SOI, neutrophils were dispensable for the induction of Th1/Th17 responses. In contrast, CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment was essential for the induction of Th1/Th17 cells. Transport of adjuvant to the dLN did not require Mincle, MyD88, or CCR2. Together, adjuvanticity conferred by monocytes can be separated at the cellular level from potential tissue damage by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Desel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Desel, ; Roland Lang,
| | - Peter J. Murray
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Desel, ; Roland Lang,
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Gordillo-Marroquín C, Sánchez-Pérez HJ, Gómez-Velasco A, Martín M, Guillén-Navarro K, Vázquez-Marcelín J, Gómez-Bustamante A, Jonapá-Gómez L, Alocilja EC. Tween 80 Improves the Acid-Fast Bacilli Quantification in the Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Biosensing Assay (NCBA). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010029. [PMID: 35049656 PMCID: PMC8773761 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its reduced sensitivity, sputum smear microscopy (SSM) remains the main diagnostic test for detecting tuberculosis in many parts of the world. A new diagnostic technique, the magnetic nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensing assay (NCBA) was optimized by evaluating different concentrations of glycan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (GMNP) and Tween 80 to improve the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) count. Comparative analysis was performed on 225 sputum smears: 30 with SSM, 107 with NCBA at different GMNP concentrations, and 88 with NCBA-Tween 80 at various concentrations and incubation times. AFB quantification was performed by adding the total number of AFB in all fields per smear and classified according to standard guidelines (scanty, 1+, 2+ and 3+). Smears by NCBA with low GMNP concentrations (≤1.5 mg/mL) showed higher AFB quantification compared to SSM. Cell enrichment of sputum samples by combining NCBA-GMNP, incubated with Tween 80 (5%) for three minutes, improved capture efficiency and increased AFB detection up to 445% over SSM. NCBA with Tween 80 offers the opportunity to improve TB diagnostics, mainly in paucibacillary cases. As this method provides biosafety with a simple and inexpensive methodology that obtains results in a short time, it might be considered as a point-of-care TB diagnostic method in regions where resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gordillo-Marroquín
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
- The Network GRAAL (Grups de Recerca d’America i Africa Llatines), El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico; (A.G.-V.); (M.M.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Nano-Biosensors Lab, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Social Observatory of Tuberculosis Mexico, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - Héctor J. Sánchez-Pérez
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
- The Network GRAAL (Grups de Recerca d’America i Africa Llatines), El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico; (A.G.-V.); (M.M.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Nano-Biosensors Lab, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Social Observatory of Tuberculosis Mexico, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.-P.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Anaximandro Gómez-Velasco
- The Network GRAAL (Grups de Recerca d’America i Africa Llatines), El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico; (A.G.-V.); (M.M.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Nano-Biosensors Lab, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Human Ecology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Merida 97310, Mexico
| | - Miguel Martín
- The Network GRAAL (Grups de Recerca d’America i Africa Llatines), El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico; (A.G.-V.); (M.M.)
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170113, Ecuador
| | - Karina Guillén-Navarro
- Sustainability Sciences Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico;
| | - Janeth Vázquez-Marcelín
- Mycobacteriology Laboratory, TB Prevention and Control Program for the Highlands of Chiapas, Ministry of Health of Chiapas, San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Gómez-Bustamante
- State Public Health Laboratory for Chiapas, Ministry of Health of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; (A.G.-B.); (L.J.-G.)
| | - Letisia Jonapá-Gómez
- State Public Health Laboratory for Chiapas, Ministry of Health of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; (A.G.-B.); (L.J.-G.)
| | - Evangelyn C. Alocilja
- The Network GRAAL (Grups de Recerca d’America i Africa Llatines), El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico; (A.G.-V.); (M.M.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Nano-Biosensors Lab, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Nano-Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (H.J.S.-P.); (E.C.A.)
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9
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Braganza CD, Kodar K, Teunissen T, Andreassend SK, Khan A, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Lipophilic glucose monoesters and glycosides are potent human Mincle agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3096-3104. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern recognition receptor on myeloid cells that represents a promising target for Th1-stimulating adjuvants. We report on the synthesis of branched and aromatic...
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Hanna C, Maxwell JWC, Ismanto HS, Ashhurst A, Artner L, Rudrawar S, Britton W, Yamasaki S, Payne RJ. Synthetic Vaccines Targeting Mincle Through Conjugation of Trehalose Dibehenate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6890-6893. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent fusion of immunostimulatory adjuvants to immunogenic antigens is a promising strategy for the development of effective synthetic vaccines for infectious diseases. Herein, we describe the conjugation of a...
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11
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Luo X, Lian Q, Li W, Chen L, Zhang R, Yang D, Gao L, Qi X, Liu Z, Liao G. Fully synthetic Mincle-dependent self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses and protect mice from tumor development. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15998-16013. [PMID: 35024123 PMCID: PMC8672726 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy based on a macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) agonist was established to construct synthetic cancer vaccines. Using sialyl-Tn (STn) as a model antigen, four conjugates with the Mincle agonist as a built-in adjuvant were designed and synthesized through a facile and efficient method. All conjugates could induce BMDMs to produce inflammatory cytokines in a Mincle-dependent manner and were found to elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses alone in mice. The corresponding antibodies could recognize, bind and exhibit complement-dependent cytotoxicity to STn-positive cancer cells, leading to tumor cell lysis. Moreover, all conjugates could effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the mice survival time in vivo, with therapeutic effects better than STn-CRM197/Al. Notably, compared to conventional glycoprotein conjugate vaccines, these fully synthetic conjugate vaccines do not cause "epitope suppression." Mincle ligands thus hold great potential as a platform for the development of new vaccine carriers with self-adjuvanting properties for cancer treatment. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis shows that a vaccine containing one STn antigen carried by vizantin exhibits the best efficacy, providing support for further optimization and additional investigation into Mincle agonists as the carrier of self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qinghai Lian
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liqing Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Renyu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Deying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lingqiang Gao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
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12
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Dangerfield EM, Lynch AT, Kodar K, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Amide-linked brartemicin glycolipids exhibit Mincle-mediated agonist activity in vitro. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108461. [PMID: 34753005 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipidated derivatives of the natural product brartemicin show much promise as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to signal through the Macrophage Inducible C-type Lectin (Mincle). We synthesised three lipophilic amide-linked brartemicin derivatives and compared their agonist activity to that of their ester-linked counterparts in vitro. We demonstrate that the brartemicin amide derivatives activate bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a Mincle-dependent manner, as evidenced by the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in wildtype but not Mincle-/- cells. The amide derivatives showed activity that was as good as, if not better than, their ester counterparts. Two of the amide derivatives, but none of the ester-derivatives, also led to the production of IL-1β by human-derived monocytes. As the production of IL-1β is a good indicator of vaccine adjuvanticity potential, these findings suggest that amide-linked brartemicin derivatives show particular promise as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Dangerfield
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy T Lynch
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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13
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Zajta E, Csonka K, Tóth A, Tiszlavicz L, Németh T, Orosz A, Novák Á, Csikós M, Vágvölgyi C, Mócsai A, Gácser A. Signaling through Syk or CARD9 Mediates Species-Specific Anti- Candida Protection in Bone Marrow Chimeric Mice. mBio 2021; 12:e0160821. [PMID: 34465030 PMCID: PMC8406149 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01608-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the downstream adaptor protein CARD9 are crucial signaling molecules in antimicrobial immunity. Candida parapsilosis is an emerging fungal pathogen with a high incidence in neonates, while Candida albicans is the most common agent of candidiasis. While signaling through Syk/CARD9 promotes protective host mechanisms in response to C. albicans, its function in immunity against C. parapsilosis remains unclear. Here, we generated Syk-/- and CARD9-/- bone marrow chimeric mice to study the role of Syk/CARD9 signaling in immune responses to C. parapsilosis compared to C. albicans. We demonstrate various functions of this pathway (e.g., phagocytosis, phagosome acidification, and killing) in Candida-challenged, bone marrow-derived macrophages with differential involvement of Syk and CARD9 along with species-specific differences in cytokine production. We report that Syk-/- or CARD9-/- chimeras rapidly display high susceptibility to C. albicans, while C. parapsilosis infection exacerbates over a prolonged period in these animals. Thus, our results establish that Syk and CARD9 contribute to systemic resistance to C. parapsilosis and C. albicans differently. Additionally, we confirm prior studies but also detail new insights into the fundamental roles of both proteins in immunity against C. albicans. Our data further suggest that Syk has a more prominent influence on anti-Candida immunity than CARD9. Therefore, this study reinforces the Syk/CARD9 pathway as a potential target for anti-Candida immune therapy. IMPORTANCE While C. albicans remains the most clinically significant Candida species, C. parapsilosis is an emerging pathogen with increased affinity to neonates. Syk/CARD9 signaling is crucial in immunity to C. albicans, but its role in in vivo responses to other pathogenic Candida species is largely unexplored. We used mice with hematopoietic systems deficient in Syk or CARD9 to comparatively study the function of these proteins in anti-Candida immunity. We demonstrate that Syk/CARD9 signaling has a protective role against C. parapsilosis differently than against C. albicans. Thus, this study is the first to reveal that Syk can exert immune responses during systemic Candida infections species specifically. Additionally, Syk-dependent immunity to a nonalbicans Candida species in an in vivo murine model has not been reported previously. We highlight that the contribution of Syk and CARD9 to fungal infections are not identical and underline this pathway as a promising immune-therapeutic target to fight Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Zajta
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Csonka
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adél Tóth
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Orosz
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Novák
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Csikós
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Nguyen GT, Xu S, Adams W, Leong JM, Bunnell SC, Mansour MK, Sykes DB, Mecsas J. Neutrophils require SKAP2 for reactive oxygen species production following C-type lectin and Candida stimulation. iScience 2021; 24:102871. [PMID: 34386732 PMCID: PMC8346660 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades converting the recognition of pathogens to efficient inflammatory responses by neutrophils are critical for host survival. SKAP2, an adaptor protein, is required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following neutrophil stimulation by integrins, formyl peptide receptors, and for host defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Using neutrophils from murine HoxB8-immortalized progenitors, we show that SKAP2 in neutrophils is crucial for maximal ROS response to purified C-type lectin receptor agonists and to the fungal pathogens, Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, and for robust killing of C. glabrata. Inside-out signaling to integrin and Syk phosphorylation occurred independently of SKAP2 after Candida infection. However, Pyk2, ERK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation were significantly reduced after infection with C. glabrata and K. pneumoniae in Skap2-/- neutrophils. These data demonstrate the importance of SKAP2 in ROS generation and host defense beyond antibacterial immunity to include CLRs and Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Shuying Xu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Walter Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen C. Bunnell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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15
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Dubé JY, Fava VM, Schurr E, Behr MA. Underwhelming or Misunderstood? Genetic Variability of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Immune Responses and Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714808. [PMID: 34276708 PMCID: PMC8278570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic control is thought to affect a considerable part of the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Most of us deal with the pathogen by containment (associated with clinical "latency") or sterilization, but tragically millions each year do not. After decades of studies on host genetic susceptibility to Mtb infection, genetic variation has been discovered to play a role in tuberculous immunoreactivity and tuberculosis (TB) disease. Genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) enable a consistent, molecularly direct interaction between humans and Mtb which suggests the potential for co-evolution. In this review, we explore the roles ascribed to PRRs during Mtb infection and ask whether such a longstanding and intimate interface between our immune system and this pathogen plays a critical role in determining the outcome of Mtb infection. The scientific evidence to date suggests that PRR variation is clearly implicated in altered immunity to Mtb but has a more subtle role in limiting the pathogen and pathogenesis. In contrast to 'effectors' like IFN-γ, IL-12, Nitric Oxide and TNF that are critical for Mtb control, 'sensors' like PRRs are less critical for the outcome of Mtb infection. This is potentially due to redundancy of the numerous PRRs in the innate arsenal, such that Mtb rarely goes unnoticed. Genetic association studies investigating PRRs during Mtb infection should therefore be designed to investigate endophenotypes of infection - such as immunological or clinical variation - rather than just TB disease, if we hope to understand the molecular interface between innate immunity and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Dubé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vinicius M. Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Pavasutthipaisit S, Stoff M, Ebbecke T, Ciurkiewicz M, Mayer-Lambertz S, Störk T, Pavelko KD, Lepenies B, Beineke A. CARD9 Deficiency Increases Hippocampal Injury Following Acute Neurotropic Picornavirus Infection but Does Not Affect Pathogen Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136982. [PMID: 34209576 PMCID: PMC8268812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses target the brain and contribute to neurologic diseases. Caspase recruitment domain containing family member 9 (CARD9) controls protective immunity in a variety of infectious disorders. To investigate the effect of CARD9 in neurotropic virus infection, CARD9−/− and corresponding C57BL/6 wild-type control mice were infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Brain tissue was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses, and spleens by flow cytometry. To determine the impact of CARD9 deficiency on T cell responses in vitro, antigen presentation assays were utilized. Genetic ablation of CARD9 enhanced early pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and accelerated infiltration of T and B cells in the brain, together with a transient increase in TMEV-infected cells in the hippocampus. CARD9−/− mice showed an increased loss of neuronal nuclear protein+ mature neurons and doublecortin+ neuronal precursor cells and an increase in β-amyloid precursor protein+ damaged axons in the hippocampus. No effect of CARD9 deficiency was found on the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses by flow cytometry and co-culture experiments using virus-exposed dendritic cells or microglia-enriched glial cell mixtures, respectively. The present study indicates that CARD9 is dispensable for the initiation of early antiviral responses and TMEV elimination but may contribute to the modulation of neuroinflammation, thereby reducing hippocampal injury following neurotropic virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarin Pavasutthipaisit
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (T.E.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Melanie Stoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Ebbecke
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (T.E.); (B.L.)
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Sabine Mayer-Lambertz
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Theresa Störk
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Kevin D. Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (T.E.); (B.L.)
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (T.E.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-51-195-38640
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17
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Rasheed OK, Buhl C, Evans JT, Ryter KT. Design of Trehalose-Based Amide/Sulfonamide C-type Lectin Receptor Signaling Compounds. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1246-1251. [PMID: 33415819 PMCID: PMC8068603 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mincle agonists have been shown to induce inflammatory cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and promote the development of a Th1/Th17 immune response that might be crucial to development of effective vaccination against pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As an expansion of our previous work, a library of 6,6'-amide and sulfonamide α,α-d-trehalose compounds with various substituents on the aromatic ring was synthesized efficiently in good to excellent yields. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to activate the human C-type lectin receptor Mincle by the induction of cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these novel trehalose diamides and sulfonamides revealed that aryl amide-linked trehalose compounds demonstrated improved activity and relatively high potency cytokine production compared to the Mincle ligand trehalose dibehenate adjuvant (TDB) and the natural ligand trehalose dimycolate (TDM) inducing dose-dependent and human-Mincle-specific stimulation in a HEK reporter cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer K Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Inimmune Corp., 1121 E. Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, MT 59802, USA
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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18
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Noschka R, Gerbl F, Löffler F, Kubis J, Rodríguez AA, Mayer D, Grieshober M, Holch A, Raasholm M, Forssmann WG, Spellerberg B, Wiese S, Weidinger G, Ständker L, Stenger S. Unbiased Identification of Angiogenin as an Endogenous Antimicrobial Protein With Activity Against Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:618278. [PMID: 33537017 PMCID: PMC7848861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.618278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease with more than 1.5 million fatalities each year. Antibiotic treatment is available, but intolerable side effects and an increasing rate of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may hamper successful outcomes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer an alternative strategy for treatment of infectious diseases in which conventional antibiotic treatment fails. Human serum is a rich resource for endogenous AMPs. Therefore, we screened a library generated from hemofiltrate for activity against Mtb. Taking this unbiased approach, we identified Angiogenin as the single compound in an active fraction. The antimicrobial activity of endogenous Angiogenin against extracellular Mtb could be reproduced by synthetic Angiogenin. Using computational analysis, we identified the hypothetical active site and optimized the lytic activity by amino acid exchanges. The resulting peptide-Angie1-limited the growth of extra- and intracellular Mtb and the fast-growing pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Toward our long-term goal of evaluating Angie1 for therapeutic efficacy in vivo, we demonstrate that the peptide can be efficiently delivered into human macrophages via liposomes and is not toxic for zebrafish embryos. Taken together, we define Angiogenin as a novel endogenous AMP and derive the small, bioactive fragment Angie1, which is ready to be tested for therapeutic activity in animal models of tuberculosis and infections with fast-growing bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Noschka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Gerbl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kubis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando A Rodríguez
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Core Facility of Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mayer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armin Holch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Raasholm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility of Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Receptors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Nature and Consequences for Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:179-215. [PMID: 34661896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical early response to prevent the establishment of the infection. Despite recent advances in understanding the host-pathogen dialogue in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB), much has yet to be learnt. The nature and consequences of this dialogue ultimately determine the path of infection: namely, either early clearance of M. tuberculosis, or establishment of M. tuberculosis infection leading to active TB disease and/or latent TB infection. On the frontline in innate immunity are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with soluble factors (e.g. collectins and complement) and cell surface factors (e.g. Toll-like receptors and other C-type lectin receptors (Dectin 1/2, Nod-like receptors, DC-SIGN, Mincle, mannose receptor, and MCL) that play a central role in recognising M. tuberculosis and facilitating its clearance. However, in a 'double-edged sword' scenario, these factors can also be involved in enhancement of pathogenesis as well. Furthermore, innate immunity is also a critical bridge in establishing the subsequent adaptive immune response, which is also responsible for granuloma formation that cordons off M. tuberculosis infection, establishing latency and acting as a reservoir for bacterial persistence and dissemination of future disease. This chapter discusses the current understanding of pattern recognition of M. tuberculosis by innate immunity and the role this plays in the pathogenesis and protection against TB.
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Brooks PJ, Wang Y, Magalhaes MA, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. CD301 mediates fusion in IL-4-driven multinucleated giant cell formation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs248864. [PMID: 33571108 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are prominent in foreign body granulomas, infectious and inflammatory processes, and auto-immune, neoplastic and genetic disorders, but the molecular determinants that specify the formation and function of these cells are not defined. Here, using tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry, we identified a differentially upregulated protein, C-type lectin domain family 10 member (herein denoted CD301, also known as CLEC10A), that was strongly upregulated in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and primary murine macrophages undergoing interleukin (IL-4)-induced MGC formation. CD301+ MGCs were identified in biopsy specimens of human inflammatory lesions. Function-inhibiting CD301 antibodies or CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the two mouse CD301 genes (Mgl1 and Mgl2) inhibited IL-4-induced binding of N-acetylgalactosamine-coated beads by 4-fold and reduced MGC formation by 2.3-fold (P<0.05). IL-4-driven fusion and MGC formation were restored by re-expression of CD301 in the knockout cells. We conclude that in monocytes, IL-4 increases CD301 expression, which mediates intercellular adhesion and fusion processes that are required for the formation of MGCs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology & Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Marco A Magalhaes
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology & Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
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21
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Augenstreich J, Briken V. Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595029. [PMID: 33194845 PMCID: PMC7644814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthesize a series of complex lipids which form an outer membrane and may also be released to enter host cell membranes. In addition, secreted protein effectors of Mtb are entering the host cell cytosol to interact with host cell proteins. We briefly discuss the current model, involving the ESX-1 type seven secretion system and the Mtb lipid phthiocerol dimycoserosate (PDIM), of how Mtb creates pores in the phagosomal membrane to allow Mtb proteins to access to the host cell cytosol. We provide an exhaustive list of Mtb secreted proteins that have effector functions. They modify (mostly inhibit but sometimes activate) host cell pathways such as: phagosome maturation, cell death, cytokine response, xenophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), nitric oxide (NO) response via NO Synthase 2 (NOS2) and antigen presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules. We discuss the host cell targets for each lipid and protein effector and the importance of the Mtb effector for virulence of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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22
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N'diaye M, Brauner S, Flytzani S, Kular L, Warnecke A, Adzemovic MZ, Piket E, Min JH, Edwards W, Mela F, Choi HY, Magg V, James T, Linden M, Reichardt HM, Daws MR, van Horssen J, Kockum I, Harris RA, Olsson T, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Jagodic M. C-type lectin receptors Mcl and Mincle control development of multiple sclerosis-like neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:838-852. [PMID: 31725411 PMCID: PMC6994148 DOI: 10.1172/jci125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for responses to infections and tissue damage; however, their role in autoimmunity is less clear. Herein we demonstrate that 2 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mcl and Mincle play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Congenic rats expressing lower levels of Mcl and Mincle on myeloid cells exhibited a drastic reduction in EAE incidence. In vivo silencing of Mcl and Mincle or blockade of their endogenous ligand SAP130 revealed that these receptors’ expression in the central nervous system is crucial for T cell recruitment and reactivation into a pathogenic Th17/GM-CSF phenotype. Consistent with this, we uncovered MCL- and MINCLE-expressing cells in brain lesions of MS patients and we further found an upregulation of the MCL/MINCLE signaling pathway and an increased response following MCL/MINCLE stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients. Together, these data support a role for CLRs in autoimmunity and implicate the MCL/MINCLE pathway as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N'diaye
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin-Hong Min
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Will Edwards
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filia Mela
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoi Ying Choi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Magg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Linden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Huber A, Killy B, Grummel N, Bodendorfer B, Paul S, Wiesmann V, Naschberger E, Zimmer J, Wirtz S, Schleicher U, Vera J, Ekici AB, Dalpke A, Lang R. Mycobacterial Cord Factor Reprograms the Macrophage Response to IFN-γ towards Enhanced Inflammation yet Impaired Antigen Presentation and Expression of GBP1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1580-1592. [PMID: 32796022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria survive in macrophages despite triggering pattern recognition receptors and T cell-derived IFN-γ production. Mycobacterial cord factor trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM) binds the C-type lectin receptor MINCLE and induces inflammatory gene expression. However, the impact of TDM on IFN-γ-induced macrophage activation is not known. In this study, we have investigated the cross-regulation of the mouse macrophage transcriptome by IFN-γ and by TDM or its synthetic analogue trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB). As expected, IFN-γ induced genes involved in Ag presentation and antimicrobial defense. Transcriptional programs induced by TDM and TDB were highly similar but clearly distinct from the response to IFN-γ. The glycolipids enhanced expression of a subset of IFN-γ-induced genes associated with inflammation. In contrast, TDM/TDB exerted delayed inhibition of IFN-γ-induced genes, including pattern recognition receptors, MHC class II genes, and IFN-γ-induced GTPases, with antimicrobial function. TDM downregulated MHC class II cell surface expression and impaired T cell activation by peptide-pulsed macrophages. Inhibition of the IFN-γ-induced GTPase GBP1 occurred at the level of transcription by a partially MINCLE-dependent mechanism that may target IRF1 activity. Although activation of STAT1 was unaltered, deletion of Socs1 relieved inhibition of GBP1 expression by TDM. Nonnuclear Socs1 was sufficient for inhibition, suggesting a noncanonical, cytoplasmic mechanism. Taken together, unbiased analysis of transcriptional reprogramming revealed a significant degree of negative regulation of IFN-γ-induced Ag presentation and antimicrobial gene expression by the mycobacterial cord factor that may contribute to mycobacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Huber
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Killy
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Grummel
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sushmita Paul
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Wiesmann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Molekulare und Experimentelle Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Zimmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Bülent Ekici
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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24
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Rasheed OK, Ettenger G, Buhl C, Child R, Miller SM, Evans JT, Ryter KT. 6,6'-Aryl trehalose analogs as potential Mincle ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115564. [PMID: 32616186 PMCID: PMC7372699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
6,6'-Aryl trehalose derivatives have been synthesized with a view towards identifying novel Th-17-inducing vaccine adjuvants based on the high affinity Mincle ligand Brartemicin. The initial structure-activity relationships of these novel trehalose-based compounds were investigated. All compounds have been evaluated for their ability to engage the Mincle receptor and induce a potential pro-Th17 cytokine profile from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells based on IL-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The preliminary biological characterization of the designed analogs presented in this paper should aid in the future design and testing of more affine ligands that may foster the discovery of novel adjuvants with improved pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer K Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - George Ettenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Robert Child
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States.
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25
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Kodar K, McConnell MJ, Harper JL, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. The coadministration of trehalose dibehenate and monosodium urate crystals promotes an antitumor phenotype in human‐derived myeloid cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:411-422. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jacquie L Harper
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Mattie SM Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
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26
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Zapata HJ, Van Ness PH, Avey S, Siconolfi B, Allore HG, Tsang S, Wilson J, Barakat L, Mohanty S, Shaw AC. Impact of Aging and HIV Infection on the Function of the C-Type Lectin Receptor MINCLE in Monocytes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:794-801. [PMID: 30239628 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both aging and HIV infection are associated with an enhanced pro-inflammatory environment that contributes to impaired immune responses and is mediated in part by innate immune pattern-recognition receptors. MINCLE is a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate or "cord factor," the most abundant glycolipid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated MINCLE function in monocytes in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected young (21-35 years) and older adults (≥60 years) via stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with trehalose-6,6-dibehenate, a synthetic analog of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate and measurement of cytokine production (interleukin [IL]-10, IL-12, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) by multicolor flow cytometry. Our studies show an age- and HIV-associated increase in cytokine multifunctionality of monocytes both at the population and single cell level that was dominated by IL-12, IL-10, and IL-6. These findings provide insight into the host response to M. tuberculosis and possible sources for the pro-inflammatory environment seen in aging and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Zapata
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter H Van Ness
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stefan Avey
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barbara Siconolfi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heather G Allore
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sui Tsang
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jean Wilson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lydia Barakat
- Yale AIDS Care Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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27
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Drouin M, Saenz J, Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors: Head or Tail in Cell Death Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:251. [PMID: 32133013 PMCID: PMC7040094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) represent a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors, expressed primarily by myeloid cells. They recognize not only pathogen moieties for host defense, but also modified self-antigens such as damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Upon ligation, CLR signaling leads to the production of inflammatory mediators to shape amplitude, duration and outcome of the immune response. Thus, following excessive injury, dysregulation of these receptors leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we will focus on four CLRs of the "Dectin family," shown to decode the immunogenicity of cell death. CLEC9A on dendritic cells links F-actin exposed by dying cells to favor cross-presentation of dead-cell associated antigens to CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, CLEC9A exerts also feedback mechanisms to temper neutrophil recruitment and prevent additional tissue damage. MINCLE expressed by macrophages binds nuclear SAP130 released by necrotic cells to potentiate pro-inflammatory responses. However, the consequent inflammation can exacerbate pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in a tumor microenvironment, MINCLE induces macrophage-induced immune suppression and cancer progression. Similarly, triggering of LOX-1 by oxidized LDL, amplifies pro-inflammatory response but promotes tumor immune escape and metastasis. Finally, CLEC12A that recognizes monosodium urate crystals formed during cell death, inhibits activating signals to prevent detrimental inflammation. Interestingly, CLEC12A also sustains type-I IFN response to finely tune immune responses in case of viral-induced collateral damage. Therefore, CLRs acting in concert as sensors of injury, could be used in a targeted way to treat numerous diseases such as allergies, obesity, tumors, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Drouin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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Toll like-receptor agonist Pam 3Cys modulates the immunogenicity of liposomes containing the tuberculosis vaccine candidate H56. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:163-176. [PMID: 32020284 PMCID: PMC7125073 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A major roadblock in the development of novel vaccines is the formulation and delivery of the antigen. Liposomes composed of a dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) backbone and the adjuvant trehalose-6-6-dibehenate (TDB, termed "cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF01)", promote immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines, most notably against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, the multicomponent antigen H56 delivered by CAF01 protects against tuberculosis in mice. Here we investigated whether the inclusion of immune-modulatory adjuvants into CAF01 modulates the immunogenicity of H56/CAF01 in vitro and in vivo. Based on our recent findings we selected the active sequence of the mycobacterial 19 kDa lipoprotein, Pam3Cys, which interacts with Toll like receptor 2 to induce an antimicrobial pathway. H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys liposomes were characterized for Pam3Cys incorporation, size, toxicity and activation of primary human macrophages. Macrophages efficiently take up H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys and trigger the release of significantly higher levels of TNF, IL-12 and IL-10 than H56/CAF01 alone. To evaluate the immunogenicity in vivo, we immunized mice with H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys and measured the release of IFN-γ and IL-17A by lymph node cells and spleen cells. While the antigen-specific production of IFN-γ was reduced by inclusion of Pam3Cys into H56/CAF01, the levels of IL-17A remained unchanged. In agreement with this finding, the concentration of the IFN-γ-associated IgG2a antibodies in the serum was lower than in H56/CAF01 immunized animals. These results provide proof of concept that Toll like-receptor agonist can be included into liposomes to modulate immune responses. The discordant results between the in vitro studies with human macrophages and in vivo studies in mice highlight the relevance and complexity of comparing immune responses in different species.
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29
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Khan A, Braganza CD, Kodar K, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Stereochemistry, lipid length and branching influences Mincle agonist activity of monoacylglycerides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:425-430. [PMID: 31774425 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02302j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure linear, iso-branched, and α-branched monoacyl glycerides (MAGs) in 63-72% overall yield. The ability of the MAGs to signal through human macrophage inducible C-type lectin (hMincle) using NFAT-GFP reporter cells was explored, as was the ability of the compounds to activate human monocytes. From these studies, MAGs with an acyl chain length ≥C22 were required for Mincle activation and the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by human monocytes. Moreover, the iso-branched MAGs led to a more pronounced immune response compared to linear MAGs, while an α-branched MAG containing a C-32 acyl chain activated cells to a higher degree than trehalose dibehenate (TDB), the prototypical Mincle agonist. Across the compound classes, the activity of the sn-1 substituted isomers was greater than the sn-3 counterparts. None of the representative compounds were cytotoxic, thus mitigating cytotoxicity as a potential mediator of cellular activity. Taken together, 6h (sn-1, iC26+1), 8a (sn-1, C32) and 8b (sn-3, C32) exhibited the best immunostimulatory properties and thus, have potential as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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30
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Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Foster AJ, Kodar K, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. ortho-Substituted lipidated Brartemicin derivative shows promising Mincle-mediated adjuvant activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1095-1103. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02397f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure activity relationship studies of lipidated Brartemicin analogues have revealed the potent adjuvant activity of ortho-substituted Brartemicin analogue 5a, which was better than that of p-OC18 (5c) and C18dMeBrar (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Foster
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery
| | - Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery
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Tomita Y, Watanabe E, Shimizu M, Negishi Y, Kondo Y, Takahashi H. Induction of tumor-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes from naïve human T cells by using Mycobacterium-derived mycolic acid and lipoarabinomannan-stimulated dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1605-1619. [PMID: 31531696 PMCID: PMC6805962 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main effectors in tumor control are the class I MHC molecule-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Tumor-specific CTL induction can be regulated by dendritic cells (DCs) expressing both tumor-derived epitopes and co-stimulatory molecules. Immunosuppressive tolerogenic DCs, having down-regulated co-stimulatory molecules, are seen within the tumor mass and can suppress tumor-specific CTL induction. The tolerogenic DCs expressing down-regulated XCR1+CD141+ appear to be induced by tumor-derived soluble factors or dexamethasone, while the immunogenic DCs usually express XCR1+CD141+ molecules with a cross-presentation function in humans. Thus, if tolerogenic DCs can be reactivated into immunogenic DCs with sufficient co-stimulatory molecules, tumor-specific CD8+ CTLs can be primed and activated in vivo. In the present study, we converted human tolerogenic CD141+ DCs with enhanced co-stimulatory molecule expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 through stimulation with non-toxic mycobacterial lipids such as mycolic acid (MA) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), which synergistically enhanced both co-stimulatory molecule expression and interleukin (IL)-12 secretion by XCR1+CD141+ DCs. Moreover, MA and LAM-stimulated DCs captured tumor antigens and presented tumor epitope(s) in association with class I MHCs and sufficient upregulated co-stimulatory molecules to prime naïve CD3+ T cells to become CD8+ tumor-specific CTLs. Repeat CD141+ DC stimulation with MA and LAM augmented the secretion of IL-12. These findings provide us a new method for altering the tumor environment by converting tolerogenic DCs to immunogenic DCs with MA and LAM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tomita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.,Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Masumi Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Negishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kondo
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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Pahari S, Negi S, Aqdas M, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS, Agrewala JN. Induction of autophagy through CLEC4E in combination with TLR4: an innovative strategy to restrict the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Autophagy 2019; 16:1021-1043. [PMID: 31462144 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1658436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies are gaining considerable impetus because of the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens due to antibiotic therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to exploit alternative and novel strategies directed at host molecules to successfully restrict infections. The C-type lectin receptor CLEC4E and Toll-like receptor TLR4 expressed by host cells are among the first line of defense in encountering pathogens. Therefore, we exploited signaling of macrophages through CLEC4E in association with TLR4 agonists (C4.T4) to control the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We observed significant improvement in host immunity and reduced bacterial load in the lungs of Mtb-infected mice and guinea pigs treated with C4.T4 agonists. Further, intracellular killing of Mtb was achieved with a 10-fold lower dose of isoniazid or rifampicin in conjunction with C4.T4 than the drugs alone. C4.T4 activated MYD88, PtdIns3K, STAT1 and RELA/NFKB, increased lysosome biogenesis, decreased Il10 and Il4 gene expression and enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy. Macrophages from autophagy-deficient (atg5 knockout or Becn1 knockdown) mice showed elevated survival of Mtb. The present findings also unveiled the novel role of CLEC4E in inducing autophagy through MYD88, which is required for control of Mtb growth. This study suggests a unique immunotherapeutic approach involving CLEC4E in conjunction with TLR4 to restrict the survival of Mtb through autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS 3MA: 3 methyladenine; AO: acridine orange; Atg5: autophagy related 5; AVOs: acidic vesicular organelles; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; BMDMs: bone marrow derived macrophages; bw: body weight; C4.T4: agonists of CLEC4E (C4/TDB) and TLR4 (T4/ultra-pure-LPS); CFU: colony forming unit; CLEC4E/Mincle: C-type lectin domain family 4, member e; CLR: c-type lectin receptor; INH: isoniazid; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MφC4.T4: Mtb-infected C4.T4 stimulated macrophages; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhance in B cells; NLR: NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)-like receptors; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PPD: purified protein derivative; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RELA: v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian); RIF: rifampicin; RLR: retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors; TDB: trehalose-6,6´-dibehenate; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; Ultra-pure-LPS: ultra-pure lipopolysaccharide-EK; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+ ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India.,Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shikha Negi
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Aqdas
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh, India.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar, India
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Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
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Adjuvant Strategies for More Effective Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080255. [PMID: 31409028 PMCID: PMC6724148 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is responsible for the most deaths by a single infectious agent worldwide, with 1.6 million deaths in 2017 alone. The World Health Organization, through its "End TB" strategy, aims to reduce TB deaths by 95% by 2035. In order to reach this goal, a more effective vaccine than the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine currently in use is needed. Subunit TB vaccines are ideal candidates, because they can be used as booster vaccinations for individuals who have already received BCG and would also be safer for use in immunocompromised individuals in whom BCG is contraindicated. However, subunit TB vaccines will almost certainly require formulation with a potent adjuvant. As the correlates of vaccine protection against TB are currently unclear, there are a variety of adjuvants currently being used in TB vaccines in preclinical and clinical development. This review describes the various adjuvants in use in TB vaccines, their effectiveness, and their proposed mechanisms of action. Notably, adjuvants with less inflammatory and reactogenic profiles that can be administered safely via mucosal routes, may have the biggest impact on future directions in TB vaccine design.
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Lu X, Nagata M, Yamasaki S. Mincle: 20 years of a versatile sensor of insults. Int Immunol 2019; 30:233-239. [PMID: 29726997 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, better known as Mincle, is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family and is encoded by Clec4e. Mincle was an orphan receptor for a long time after having been discovered as a lipopolysaccharide-induced protein, yet later an adjuvant glycolipid in mycobacteria-trehalose dimycolate-was identified as a ligand. Ligands for Mincle were also found existing in bacteria, fungi and even mammals. When confronted with foreign elements, Mincle can recognize characteristic pathogen-associated molecular patterns, mostly glycolipids, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens, and thus induce immune responses against infection. To maintain self-homeostasis, Mincle can recognize lipid-based damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby monitoring the internal environment. The mechanism by which Mincle functions in the immune system is also becoming more clear along with the identification of its ligands. Being expressed widely on antigen-presenting cells, Mincle activation leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, neutrophil infiltration and other inflammatory responses. Besides, Mincle can induce acquired immunity such as antigen-specific T-cell responses and antibody production as an adjuvant receptor. In this review, we will retrospectively sketch the discovery and study of Mincle, and outline some current work on this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Lu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Gu C, Wang L, Zurawski S, Oh S. Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:389-399. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Hayek I, Fischer F, Schulze-Luehrmann J, Dettmer K, Sobotta K, Schatz V, Kohl L, Boden K, Lang R, Oefner PJ, Wirtz S, Jantsch J, Lührmann A. Limitation of TCA Cycle Intermediates Represents an Oxygen-Independent Nutritional Antibacterial Effector Mechanism of Macrophages. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3502-3510.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ruland J, Hartjes L. CARD–BCL-10–MALT1 signalling in protective and pathological immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 19:118-134. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Adjuvant Potential of Poly-α-l-Glutamine from the Cell Wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00537-18. [PMID: 30104212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00537-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvants are in demand for improving the efficacy of human vaccines. The immunomodulatory properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall components have been highlighted in the formulation of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We have explored the adjuvant potential of poly-α-l-glutamine (PLG), a lesser-known constituent of the pathogenic mycobacterial cell wall. Immune parameters indicated that the adjuvant potency of PLG was statistically comparable to that of CFA and better than that of alum in the context of H1 antigen (Ag85B and ESAT-6 fusion). At 1 mg/dose, PLG augmented the immune response of Ag85B, BP26, and protective antigen (PA) by increasing serum antibodies and cytokines in the culture supernatant of antigen-stimulated splenocytes. PLG modulated the humoral response of vaccine candidate ESAT-6, eliciting significantly higher levels of total IgG and isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b). Additionally, the splenocytes from PLG-adjuvanted mice displayed a robust increase in the Th1-specific gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), Th2-specific IL-6 and IL-10, and Th17-specific IL-17A cytokines upon antigenic stimulation. PLG improved the protective efficacy of ESAT-6 by reducing bacillary load in the lung and spleen as well as granuloma formation, and it helped in maintaining vital health parameters of mice challenged with M. tuberculosis The median survival time of PLG-adjuvanted mice was 205 days, compared to 146 days for dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide-monophosphoryl lipid A (DDA-MPL)-vaccinated groups and 224 days for Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated groups. PLG enhanced the efficiency of the ESAT-6 vaccine to the level of BCG and better than that of DDA-MPL (P < 0.05), with no ill effect in C57BL/6J mice. Our results propose that PLG is a promising adjuvant candidate for advanced experimentation.
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Bird JH, Khan AA, Nishimura N, Yamasaki S, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Synthesis of Branched Trehalose Glycolipids and Their Mincle Agonist Activity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7593-7605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie H. Bird
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ashna A. Khan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Naoya Nishimura
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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Del Fresno C, Iborra S, Saz-Leal P, Martínez-López M, Sancho D. Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:804. [PMID: 29755458 PMCID: PMC5932189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Gupta N, Kabeerdoss J, Mohan H, Goel R, Danda D. High Secretion of Interleukin-6 and Increased MINCLE Receptor Expression Upon Exposure to Mycobacterial Cord Factor Analog Trehalose-6, 6-Dibehenate (TDB) in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:30-36. [PMID: 29643949 PMCID: PMC5876924 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Suspicion on the association between Takayasu Arteritis (TA) and Tubcerculosis (TB) has been in vogue for years. Prevalence of TB in TA is reported to be higher. We aimed to study innate immune responses in patients with TA on exposure to Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB), a synthetic analogue of Trehalose-6,6-Dimycolate (TDM, also known as mycobacterial cord factor) in comparison with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Patients with type V TA, satisfying 1990 ACR criteria, and age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited. PBMCs were cultured with 5µg/ml, 50µg/ml or without any TDB for 48 hours in RPMI medium inside a 5% Co2 incubator. IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 were measured in cell culture supernatant, which was separated from the cells at the end of the incubation period. Gene expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IFN-γ, MINCLE and BCL-10 were quantified in real time PCR using specific primers and SYBR green chemistry. Results: Twenty two TA patients and 21 healthy controls were recruited. Both patients and controls showed response by secreting IL-6 and TNF-α upon stimulation by TDB. Relative induction (TDB stimulated TA sample / unstimulated control) of IL-6 was significantly higher in TA [31.88(0.74-168)] patients as compared to healthy controls [1.931(0.644-8.21); p<0.002], when co-cultured with 50µg/ml TDB. The expression of MINCLE, the TDB receptor was higher in TA samples than healthy controls upon TDB stimulation. Conclusion: Stimulation with mycobacterial synthetic analogue led to higher secretion of IL-6 and higher expression of MINCLE in PBMCs of patients with TA as compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hindhumathi Mohan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruchika Goel
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Preite NW, Feriotti C, Souza de Lima D, da Silva BB, Condino-Neto A, Pontillo A, Calich VLG, Loures FV. The Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors Dectin-2 and Dectin-3 Are Involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Recognition by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:464. [PMID: 29616019 PMCID: PMC5869931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which have been extensively studied in the context of the immune response to viruses, have recently been implicated in host defense mechanisms against fungal infections. Nevertheless, the involvement of human pDCs during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a fungal infection endemic to Latin America, has been scarcely studied. However, pDCs were found in the cutaneous lesions of PCM patients, and in pulmonary model of murine PCM these cells were shown to control disease severity. These findings led us to investigate the role of human pDCs in the innate phase of PCM. Moreover, considering our previous data on the engagement of diverse Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors receptors in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis recognition, we decided to characterize the innate immune receptors involved in the interaction between human pDCs and yeast cells. Purified pDCs were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and they were stimulated with P. brasiliensis with or without blocking antibodies to innate immune receptors. Here we demonstrated that P. brasiliensis stimulation activates human pDCs that inhibit fungal growth and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. Surprisingly, P. brasiliensis-stimulated pDCs produce mature IL-1β and activate caspase 1, possibly via inflammasome activation, which is a phenomenon not yet described during pDC engagement by microorganisms. Importantly, we also demonstrate that dectin-2 and dectin-3 are expressed on pDCs and appear to be involved (via Syk signaling) in the pDC-P. brasiliensis interaction. Moreover, P. brasiliensis-stimulated pDCs exhibited an efficient antigen presentation and were able to effectively activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that human pDCs are involved in P. brasiliensis recognition and may play an important role in the innate and adaptive immunity against this fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nycolas Willian Preite
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Feriotti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhêmerson Souza de Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Borges da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Condino-Neto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Loures
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sophora flavescens protects against mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate-induced lung granuloma by inhibiting inflammation and infiltration of macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3903. [PMID: 29500453 PMCID: PMC5834626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system responds to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection by forming granulomas to quarantine the bacteria from spreading. Granuloma-mediated inflammation is a cause of lung destruction and disease transmission. Sophora flavescens (SF) has been demonstrated to exhibit bactericidal activities against MTB. However, its immune modulatory activities on MTB-mediated granulomatous inflammation have not been reported. In the present study, we found that flavonoids from Sophora flavescens (FSF) significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory mediators released from mouse lung alveolar macrophages (MH-S) upon stimulation by trehalose dimycolate (TDM), the most abundant lipoglycan on MTB surface. Moreover, FSF reduced adhesion molecule (LFA-1) expression on MH-S cells after TDM stimulation. Furthermore, FSF treatment on TDM-activated lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells significantly downregulated macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1/CCL2) expression, which in turn reduced the in vitro migration of MH-S to MLE-12 cells. In addition, FSF increased the clearance of mycobacterium bacteria (Mycobacterium aurum) in macrophages. FSF mainly affected the Mincle-Syk-Erk signaling pathway in TDM-activated MH-S cells. In TDM-induced mouse granulomas model, oral administration with FSF significantly suppressed lung granulomas formation and inflammation. These findings collectively implicated an anti-inflammatory role of FSF on MTB-mediated granulomatous inflammation, thereby providing evidence of FSF as an efficacious adjunct treatment during mycobacterial infection.
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Vono M, Eberhardt CS, Mohr E, Auderset F, Christensen D, Schmolke M, Coler R, Meinke A, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Siegrist CA. Overcoming the Neonatal Limitations of Inducing Germinal Centers through Liposome-Based Adjuvants Including C-Type Lectin Agonists Trehalose Dibehenate or Curdlan. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541075 PMCID: PMC5835515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates and infants are more vulnerable to infections and show reduced responses to vaccination. Consequently, repeated immunizations are required to induce protection and early life vaccines against major pathogens such as influenza are yet unavailable. Formulating antigens with potent adjuvants, including immunostimulators and delivery systems, is a demonstrated approach to enhance vaccine efficacy. Yet, adjuvants effective in adults may not meet the specific requirements for activating the early life immune system. Here, we assessed the neonatal adjuvanticity of three novel adjuvants including TLR4 (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-squalene emulsion), TLR9 (IC31®), and Mincle (CAF01) agonists, which all induce germinal centers (GCs) and potent antibody responses to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in adult mice. In neonates, a single dose of HA formulated into each adjuvant induced T follicular helper (TFH) cells. However, only HA/CAF01 elicited significantly higher and sustained antibody responses, engaging neonatal B cells to differentiate into GCs already after a single dose. Although antibody titers remained lower than in adults, HA-specific responses induced by a single neonatal dose of HA/CAF01 were sufficient to confer protection against influenza viral challenge. Postulating that the neonatal adjuvanticity of CAF01 may result from the functionality of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) Mincle in early life we asked whether other C-type lectin agonists would show a similar neonatal adjuvanticity. Replacing the Mincle agonist trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate by Curdlan, which binds to Dectin-1, enhanced antibody responses through the induction of similar levels of TFH, GCs and bone marrow high-affinity plasma cells. Thus, specific requirements of early life B cells may already be met after a single vaccine dose using CLR-activating agonists, identified here as promising B cell immunostimulators for early life vaccines when included into cationic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rhea Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Klassert TE, Goyal S, Stock M, Driesch D, Hussain A, Berrocal-Almanza LC, Myakala R, Sumanlatha G, Valluri V, Ahmed N, Schumann RR, Flores C, Slevogt H. AmpliSeq Screening of Genes Encoding the C-Type Lectin Receptors and Their Signaling Components Reveals a Common Variant in MASP1 Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Indian Population. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515573 PMCID: PMC5826192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a multifactorial disease governed by bacterial, host and environmental factors. On the host side, growing evidence shows the crucial role that genetic variants play in the susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Such polymorphisms have been described in genes encoding for different cytokines and pattern recognition receptors (PRR), including numerous Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In recent years, several members of the C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) have been identified as key PRRs in TB pathogenesis. Nevertheless, studies to date have only addressed particular genetic polymorphisms in these receptors or their related pathways in relation with TB. In the present study, we screened the main CTLR gene clusters as well as CTLR pathway-related genes for genetic variation associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This case-control study comprised 144 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients and 181 healthy controls recruited at the Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center (BMMRC), Hyderabad, India. A two-stage study was employed in which an explorative AmpliSeq-based screening was followed by a validation phase using iPLEX MassARRAY. Our results revealed one SNP (rs3774275) in MASP1 significantly associated with PTB in our population (joint analysis p = 0.0028). Furthermore, serum levels of MASP1 were significantly elevated in TB patients when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in the present study we could observe an impact of increased MASP1 levels on the lectin pathway complement activity in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a significant association of MASP1 polymorphism rs3774275 and MASP1 serum levels with the development of pulmonary TB. The present work contributes to our understanding of host-Mtb interaction and reinforces the critical significance of mannose-binding lectin and the lectin-complement pathway in Mtb pathogenesis. Moreover, it proposes a MASP1 polymorphism as a potential genetic marker for TB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surabhi Goyal
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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48
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Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors As Emerging Orchestrators of Sterile Inflammation Represent Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29497419 PMCID: PMC5818397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs), expressed mostly by myeloid cells, have gained increasing attention for their role in the fine tuning of both innate and adaptive immunity. Not only CTLRs recognize pathogen-derived ligands to protect against infection but also endogenous ligands such as self-carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids to control homeostasis and tissue injury. Interestingly, CTLRs act as antigen-uptake receptors via their carbohydrate-recognition domain for internalization and subsequent presentation to T-cells. Furthermore, CTLRs signal through a complex intracellular network leading to the secretion of a particular set of cytokines that differently polarizes downstream effector T-cell responses according to the ligand and pattern recognition receptor co-engagement. Thus, by orchestrating the balance between inflammatory and resolution pathways, CTLRs are now considered as driving players of sterile inflammation whose dysregulation leads to the development of various pathologies such as autoimmune diseases, allergy, or cancer. For examples, the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), by sensing glycolipids released during cell-damage, promotes skin allergy and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Besides, recent studies described that tumors use physiological process of the CTLRs’ dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (DECTIN-1) and MINCLE to locally suppress myeloid cell activation and promote immune evasion. Therefore, we aim here to overview the current knowledge of the pivotal role of CTLRs in sterile inflammation with special attention given to the “Dectin-1” and “Dectin-2” families. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of these receptors as promising therapeutic targets to treat a wide range of acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Chiffoleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,IHU Cesti, Nantes, France.,Labex Immunotherapy Graft Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
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49
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Lang R, Schick J. Review: Impact of Helminth Infection on Antimycobacterial Immunity-A Focus on the Macrophage. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29312343 PMCID: PMC5743664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) requires robust CD4+ T cell responses, with IFNγs as the key cytokine promoting killing of intracellular mycobacteria by macrophages. By contrast, helminth infections typically direct the immune system toward a type 2 response, characterized by high levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which can antagonize IFNγ production and its biological effects. In many countries with high burden of tuberculosis, helminth infections are endemic and have been associated with increased risk to develop tuberculosis or to inhibit vaccination-induced immunity. Mechanistically, regulation of the antimycobacterial immune response by helminths has been mostly been attributed to the T cell compartment. Here, we review the current status of the literature on the impact of helminths on vaccine-induced and natural immunity to MTB with a focus on the alterations enforced on the capacity of macrophages to function as sensors of mycobacteria and effector cells to control their replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Schick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Te Velde AA. The C-Type Lectin Mincle: Clues for a Role in Crohn's Disease Adjuvant Reaction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1304. [PMID: 29109721 PMCID: PMC5660320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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